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lemesine gider. Sağlıklı bağırsak bio bir kültür obezite için olumsuz bir göstergedir, ve hatta bazı obez hastalar başarıyla gut kültürü ayarlamak için dışkı nakli ile tedavi edilmiştir. Gastrik bypass cerrahisi çok etkili kısmı daha sonra yerine gerçek cerrahi prosedür daha olur bağırsak yeniden doğmuş olduğunu tahmin.
Yani Evet, pre-kahve gibi biyotik gıdalar daha iyi bağırsak sağlığı ile kilo yardımcı olabilir artan kanıtlar vardır. Bu kafein ile ilgili bir etkisi yoktur, ama kahve bazı aslında bağımlı bağırsak içine onların yol çalışma katılar.
(Ama bakın http://nymag.com/scienceofus/2015/06/problem-with-the-grain-brain-doctor.html önce sana aklını Dr. Perlmutter.)
Eğer egzersiz herhangi bir ve miktar eğer günlük alışkanlıkları, miktarı ve uyku, şeker alımı, alkol tüketimi ve kalite olarak daha geniş resme bakmayı öneririm. Kafein sabah olsun yüksek/sağlık sorunu kronik bir yaşam tarzı maskeleme olabilir.جدایی برانکو ایوانکوویچ از پرسپولیس، شوک بزرگی برای هواداران و حتی مدیران این تیم بود؛ مربی ای که طی ماه های گذشته هیچ گاه شائبه جدایی از پرسپولیس را تایید نکرد و حتی بارها با گفتن اینکه "با پرسپولیس قرارداد دارم، هواداران نگران چه چیزی هستند؟ " یا"من با پرسپولیس قرارداد دارم؛ می خواهید من را از تیم بیرون کنید؟ " دل هواداران را قرص کرد اما واقعیت این بود که سرمربی کروات پرسپولیس نه تنها می دانست که در ایران نمی ماند بلکه فرصت بزرگ انتخاب سرمربی را از قهرمان فوتبال ایران گرفت.
برانکو با کسب عناوین مختلف در لیگ برتر، جام حذفی، سوپرجام و حتی با افتخارآفرینی در لیگ قهرمانان آسیا، سهم عمده ای در تالار افتخارات پرسپولیس ایفا می کند اما در پایان کار، رفتار نه چندان حرفه ای از خود نشان داد و در حالی که یک سال دیگر از قراردادش مانده بود و طبق قوانین بین المللی قادر به مذاکره با تیم دیگری نبود، با مدیران الاهلی به مذاکره نشست و در تهران، هر گونه خبری مبنی بر جدایی را تکذیب کرد.
نتیجه رفتار برانکو در پرسپولیس که در کمتر از یک ماه تغییر موضع داد و حرف هایش برای ماندن در این تیم، رنگ باخت و به الاهلی پیوست، پریدن گزینه های مربیگری پرسپولیس بود.
مهم ترین گزینه پرسپولیس در بین مربیان داخلی و خارجی یحیی گل محمدی بود که از دوران درخشش در ذوب آهن و گرفتن یقه تیم برانکو در تهران و اصفهان به عنوان جانشین شایسته ای برای برانکو مطرح شده بود و در فصل گذشته هم با پدیده در قامت یک مدعی ظاهر شد. او با همین عملکرد، فدراسیون فوتبال را مشتاق و علاقه مند به همکاری در تیم ملی امید و چند تیم دیگر کرد اما رویای موفقیت با پدیده، او را مجاب به تمدید قرارداد با پدیده کرد.
رفتن ناگهانی برانکو از پرسپولیس، نگاه ها را به سمت مشهد و همکاری با یحیی گل محمدی به عنوان یک مربی با دانش و به روز منعطف کرد ولی قرارداد سفت و سخت او با پدیده نتوانست بر اصرار پرسپولیسی و خودش برای جدایی از پدیده پیروز شود و یحیی حداقل برای دو سال دیگر از این تیم دور خواهد ماند و معلوم نیست چه زمان دیگری فرصت حضور مربی مدنظر هواداران پرسپولیس فراهم می شود.
برانکو که خاطرات مشترک بسیار زیادی با ایرانی ها دارد و خیلی ها او را به عنوان یکی از بزرگ ترین مربیان فوتبال ایران ستایش می کنند، در طی دو، سه ماه گذشته مدام بذر خوش خیالی را برای ماندن خودش در ایران کاشت و حالا پرسپولیسی ها در مدت زمان کوتاهی که برایشان باقی مانده و با کمترین کارشناسی روی گزینه های مدنظر و انتشار فهرستی از مربیان خارجی، به سراغ یافتن جانشین برانکو رفتند.
در ادامه به سیر اظهار نظرهای برانکو ایوانکوویچ در ماه های پایانی حضورش در پرسپولیس پرداخته ایم که می خوانید:
۲۳ فروردین ۹۸: قرارداد دارم اما در فوتبال، قرارداد معنی خاصی ندارد
برانکو در اوایل سال جاری در واکنش به اینکه هواداران پرسپولیس در یک نظرسنجی بین دو گزینه تمدید قرارداد با برانکو و یا حضور دوباره در فینال آسیا، ماندن او را انتخاب کرده بودند، گفت: این برای من یک تأیید بزرگ است. من هنوز یک سال دیگر قرارداد دارم اما در فوتبال، قرارداد معنی خاصی ندارد چون معلوم نیست چه اتفاقی می افتد.
او در عین اینکه می دانست هیچ مربی یا بازیکنی با وجود داشتن قرارداد قادر به انجام مذاکره مستقیم با باشگاه یا فرد دیگری نیست، قرارداد یک ساله خودش با پرسپولیس را نادیده گرفت و موجب نگرانی هواداران شد اما یک روز بعد حرف خودش را منکر شد.
۲۴ فروردین ۹۸: می خواهید مرا از باشگاه بیرون کنید؟
برانکو درباره جدایی از این تیم در پایان فصل می گوید: "من چه گفتم؟ من گفتم یک سال دیگر قرارداد دارم. حالا مشکل کجاست؟ آیا شما می خواهید مرا از باشگاه بیرون کنید؟ من یک سال دیگر قرارداد دارم بنابراین چرا هواداران باید نگران باشند؟ "
۱۲ اردیبهشت ۹۸: فسخ قرارداد؟ تا آخر فصل موضوع بحث نیست
او بعد از بدقولی مسئولان باشگاه در پرداخت مطالباتش و فرستادن نامه فسخ قرارداد با این تیم در صورت پرداخت نشدن قراردادش می گوید: "این سوال، تا آخر فصل موضوع بحث نیست. این سوال را ن
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grado di offrire un servizio aereo per Los Angeles e quindi aggiungere un'altra destinazione a lungo raggio al suo network. Grazie ai nuovi orari dei voli, i passeggeri avranno il vantaggio di poter scegliere tra un volo di mattina per Newark e un volo al pomeriggio per New York JFK, e quindi la possibilità di volare a New York in diversi momenti della giornata.
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铜奔马
祁连雪山 本版图片均为资料图
本报特约撰稿人 黎树科
两千多年前，一位名叫张骞的使者，穿越河西走廊，历经千难万险，完成了“凿空之旅”。此后，雄才大略的汉武帝派霍去病出击匈奴，进占河西走廊，“列四郡（武威、张掖、酒泉、敦煌）、置两关（玉门关、阳关）”，打通了中原通往西域的咽喉要隘、战略通道，开通了举世闻名的“丝绸之路”。在这条绵亘万里、延续千年的古丝绸之路上，伴着悠悠驼铃声，沿着道道车辙印，使节、商队、旅者川流不息，丝绸、瓷器、香料络绎于途，打开了各国友好交往的新窗口，书写了人类文明发展进步的新篇章。
丝绸之路与凉州文化
西汉建元二年（公元前139年），汉武帝为彻底解除北方匈奴造成的危害，决定派张骞出使西域，联络远在西域的大月氏人共同夹击匈奴。张骞从长安出发，穿越河西走廊，历经千难万险，完成了“凿空之旅”。元狩二年（公元前121年），雄才大略的汉武帝采纳张骞建议，派少年将军霍去病出兵河西，大败匈奴浑邪王、休屠王部，尽占河西走廊，“列四郡（武威、张掖、酒泉、敦煌）、置两关（玉门关、阳关）”，打通了中原通往西域的咽喉要隘、战略通道。
此后，一条东起长安，经河西走廊，然后沿塔里木盆地南北两缘的商路，连接起了通往中亚、南亚、西亚和欧洲的中西交通大动脉。此后，中亚、西亚等地的葡萄、核桃、胡萝卜、胡椒、胡豆等物产和佛教、音乐、绘画、雕塑等宗教、艺术，随着这条通道的繁荣和畅通传入中国，大大丰富了中国及东亚地区的物质生活和精神生活。中国的丝绸、瓷器、铁器、金银器和手工艺品、特别是四大发明中的造纸术、印刷术、火药等商品和技术通过这条通道源源不断传入中亚、西亚、欧洲，推动了整个世界的发展。1877年，德国地理学家李希霍芬将这条以丝绸贸易为媒介的陆上交通道路称之为“丝绸之路”。
地处青藏高原、蒙古高原、黄土高原和塔里木盆地结合地带的河西走廊，境内祁连山丰厚的永久积雪和史前冰川覆盖，为河西绿洲和耕地提供了源源不断的源头活水，自汉代以来“河西畜牧为天下饶”之誉已广为流传，孕育了独特的走廊文明。河西走廊因其独特的地理环境优势和便捷的交通条件，汉唐时期成为东接中华文明发源地黄河中下游地区，西接西域，承东启西的名副其实的东西交通走廊，是古丝绸之路的交通咽喉，被誉为丝绸之路黄金段。自汉武帝在河西设四郡以来，历代王朝都在这里设郡置府。汉元封五年（公元前106年）设凉州刺史部，其核心地带就是今天的河西走廊，凉州之名自此始。三国时置凉州，治姑臧（今武威），十六国时期，凉州成为当时具有全国意义上的三大据点之一。
史学家、文学家、地理学家在论述历史上的凉州时，大都指整个河西地区和西部边塞一带。而这一带正处于我国古代中原、蒙古、青藏文化圈的交汇地带，也是中原文化、西域文化有效辐射的区域。在这片广袤的土地上，河西走廊犹如一条东西方文化交流的大运河，农耕文明、游牧文明、商贸文明在这里交汇融合，东西方文明在这里兼容激荡，各民族文化在这里荟萃杂糅，汇成了气象恢宏的凉州文化，辐射出巨大的文化能量，深刻影响了中华文化的繁荣发展。凉州文化作为一种地域文化，它不仅仅是地理轮廓范围内的区域性文化，更是吸纳传导东西方文明重要成果的枢纽型文化，是中华文明多元一体发展进程中不可或缺的重要部分。
多民族交流交融的凉州文化
历史上的河西地区，一直是多民族融合发展的大舞台。秦汉时期，氐羌、乌孙、月氏、匈奴相继崛起，成为河西最早的开发者和建设者。匈奴人修筑的姑臧城，便是今天凉州城最早的雏形。十六国时期，河西民族融合的趋势十分明显，氐、羌、鲜卑、卢水胡等民族纷纷进入河西地区，形成了多民族错居杂处的格局。五凉政权中的后凉、南凉、北凉分别由少数民族氐族、鲜卑族、匈奴族所建立。前凉在西域设高昌郡，首次将郡县制完整地推行到新疆地区，这对于加强和巩固多民族国家统一具有十分重要的作用。各民族在共同参与北方地区社会生活的过程中相互联系、相互学习，相互吸纳文化精华，使民族间的差异性逐渐减小，对河西地区及西域地区社会经济发展做出了贡献。隋唐时，突厥、吐谷浑、吐蕃先后在河西地区崛起，唐太宗将宗室女弘化公主下嫁吐谷浑可汗，谱写了中华民族团结史上光辉灿烂的一页。盛唐时凉州成为多民族聚居的国际大都市，曾有“凉州七里十万家，胡人半解弹琵琶”的繁华景象。唐后期吐蕃乘机占领河西，吐蕃文化和藏传佛教随之传入。此后，吐蕃、回鹘、党项族在河西展开了争夺，最终由党项族建立的西夏政权占据河西。凉州作为西夏辅郡，便利的交通为各民族交流融合创造了条件。党项族在继承唐、宋文化成就的同时，融汇吐蕃、回鹘、契丹等民族的文化元素，创制和使用西夏文，推崇儒学，笃信佛教，形成了别具特色的西夏文化。武威发现的西夏碑、西夏文佛经、历日、契约等珍贵文物，融汇了党项、藏、汉、回鹘等各个民族的文化特色，民族成分的多元性也成为武威西夏文化的特点之一。元代，西凉王阔端与西藏宗教领袖萨班举行“凉州会盟”，成为民族融合的典范。武威境内遗存的回鹘文高昌王碑、蒙古文西宁王碑及藏文写经、梵文写经等，都是凉州成为多民族文化融合大家庭的见证。在多民族融合中形成的具有鲜明地域特色、民族特色、宗教特色的凉州文化，最终汇入多元一体的中华文化。元明清时期，随着海上丝绸之路的兴起，中国经济中心的南移，河西地区在交通、商贸经济上的重要性大大下降，商贸交流无法达到隋唐繁荣景象，凉州文化的影响力也随之弱化，仅在明清时期出现了文化教育繁盛、文风浓厚的短暂局面。
古丝绸之路是人类文明交流交融的大动脉，在这条道路上处处留存着古代不同国家、不同民族、不同宗教、不同文化背景的人们交流互鉴的痕迹，创造了辉煌灿烂的文化。
凉州文化是古丝绸之路上多元文明交融互鉴的结晶，是中华文明历经千年不断融会贯通的典范。站在“一带一路”建设新的历史起点上，深入挖掘凉州文化所蕴含的哲学思想、人文精神、价值理念、道德规范，更好展示其历史价值、文化价值、时代价值，推动凉州文化创造性转化、创新性发展，充分释放其所承载的文化精神、文化胸怀、文化力量，弘扬凉州文化，讲好丝路故事，坚定文化自信，践行“和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢”的丝路精神，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦凝聚精神力量。
凉
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媛生活，2016年3月份鹏鹏的父亲将鹏鹏带走，不让其见孩子，柴小媛起诉至法院，但最终未获得监护权。鹏鹏的父亲后与孙某再婚。鹏鹏父亲是铁路道岔维修工，长时间在外工作，鹏鹏和孙某生活在一起。后来前夫将柴小媛的微信电话等联系方式拉黑。最后一次见鹏鹏是2017年1月19日，那时，前夫再婚已3个月。当时，柴小媛也问过鹏鹏后妈对你怎么样，鹏鹏说，后妈有时会打他，家里哥哥也打。前夫知道我问了这些，就跟我说，以后别想再看娃了。两个月后的3月29日，就传来了鹏鹏出事的噩耗。
当时鹏鹏继母孙某抱着昏迷不醒的鹏鹏来到渭南市第一医院，鹏鹏心脏已经停止跳动，经过抢救，鹏鹏的心脏重新开始跳动。医生在给孩子做身体检查时，发现孩子身上到处是伤，并已经多处化脓感染、全身肿胀发紫、严重贫血营养不良、膝盖溃烂血肉模糊、整个头颅大量淤血、颅骨多处软组织损伤，医生报警。警方当时即介入调查，发现鹏鹏身上的伤是由鹏鹏继母孙某所为。2017年3月末，鹏鹏的继母孙某被警方刑事拘留，同年5月初被逮捕。
躺在病床上昏迷不醒的鹏鹏
鹏鹏现状：肢体僵硬缓解明显
意识唤醒效果不大
去年11月鹏鹏从上海完成颅脑手术回到西安，护工张女士一直担负鹏鹏的护理工作，至今已接近一年时间。她告诉紫牛新闻记者，鹏鹏和她孙女的年龄差不多，但是不会抬头、不能翻身，不能说话，整天躺在病床上，让人看着很心疼，有时候她也忍不住流泪。这一年时间里，她和鹏鹏也处出感情了。
对鹏鹏的病情变化也有很多直观感受。张女士告诉紫牛新闻记者，鹏鹏刚从上海回来时，在西安市儿童医院治疗。那时肌张力特别高，肢体十分僵硬。整个人都是僵硬的，由于病痛难受整天哭啊闹啊，睡不着觉，她们两个护工轮换着抱着鹏鹏，边摇边哄。经过儿童医院一个星期的专业药物治疗，肌张力缓解，晚上也能迷迷糊糊睡着了。后来在神经外科做了脊柱上的一个切除手术，肌张力进一步下降。
今年的3月7日，鹏鹏转到西安市中医脑病医院康复科，直到现在。康复治疗手段主要有推拿、运动、语言、吞咽、蜡疗，电子艾灸；还有唤醒意识的心理治疗等等。治疗效果直观上看肢体放松有改善，体质也改善了些，以前经常感冒，现在少了。意识上的改善多少有一点，但是不明显。最明显的表现就是早上醒来时你要是逗他说话，他偶尔会和你笑一下，然后一整天再逗他也没有任何其他反应，大部分时间昏昏沉沉睡觉。妈妈来看他时，和他说话，他有时会笑一下，大部分时间是面无表情的。鹏鹏癫痫抽搐比较严重，每天会发十几次，有时会连续抽7、8分钟。
“为缓解肌张力吃的药会造成痰多，我经常要给鹏鹏吸痰、做雾化，但有时化痰效果不好，痰卡在喉咙里很难受，会影响进食。鹏鹏吃饭以流食为主，有时也能吃几个饺子。”张女士说。
鹏鹏的康复医生称，现在鹏鹏处于植物人的昏迷状态，将来恢复到生活自理的希望非常渺茫，需要有人终身护理。
医疗看护费用：
爱心妈妈群和公益组织分别承担
张女士告诉紫牛新闻记者，由于鹏鹏伤情比较严重，需要两个护工24小时同时看护。但只有她自己坚持了近一年时间。另外一个护工已经换了5、6个人了。大部分是由于“活太重”受不了辞职了。最近一个是她今年4月介绍来的，已经坚持干了快半年了。
她自己的工资是由公益组织支付，鹏鹏的医疗费也是由公益组织直接支付给医院。另外一位护工的工资是由爱心妈妈群里的20多位爱心妈妈负担。爱心妈妈们还要支付鹏鹏的日常生活开支。比如奶粉、纸尿裤、护理垫、抽纸等等。
除了鹏鹏的妈妈常来看望鹏鹏，他外婆和舅舅、舅妈也来过。
鹏鹏从上海回来后，他爷爷奶奶来西安儿童医院照看了4个月，今年3月26日，鹏鹏妈妈接手照看后，他爷爷奶奶就走了，后来就没见来过。至于鹏鹏的亲生父亲，张女士告诉紫牛新闻记者，她照料鹏鹏一年来，从来没有见过鹏鹏的父亲。
张女士还说：鹏鹏的生母事发时已经再婚，最近又生了孩子，现在大约半个多月才能来一次。能陪着他的，除了我们两名护工，剩下的就是爱心人士和志愿者。孩子能活到现在非常不容易，全靠爱心人士和志愿者帮衬。
爱人人士希望更多的人一起守护鹏鹏
爱心妈妈吴女士告诉紫牛新闻记者，自从鹏鹏出事后，很多爱心人士就慢慢聚集了起来，共同为鹏鹏进行救助。
“鹏鹏出事后，其二爷爷建了一个微博@呼唤鹏鹏，此后很多爱心人士慢慢地聚集在一起，大家通过网络平台定时发送鹏鹏的近况，引发更多的人参与进来，共同为鹏鹏进行救助。”吴女士说，目前主要有两方在为鹏鹏进行救助，一方是救助公益机构，主要负责筹集医疗资金；一方就是自己所在的爱心妈妈群，主要负责鹏鹏平时所需的物资。
吴女士介绍，目前她所在的物资群除了筹集鹏鹏日常所需的生活用品之外，还要负担其中一个护工的护理费用，加在一起每月花费约2万元左右。
目前，鹏鹏还是植物人状态，医生说将来能够站起来的几率很小，根据现在的情况，鹏鹏一年的费用就得70万左右。为此，爱心妈妈们表示非常担心，她们希望能有更多的爱心人士加入进来，一起守护鹏鹏的未来。
紫牛新闻记者｜杨志敏 陈勇
编辑｜张冰晶
主编｜陈迪晨
-END-
扬子晚报·紫牛新闻未经授权不得转载
转载拒绝任何形式删改
否则保留追究法律责任的权利
紫牛新闻常年法律顾问：
北京大成（南京）律师事务所唐迎鸾律师
纯电动汽车در جریان ششمین جلسه دادگاه پرونده فساد مالی بیمه، پای مرتضی تمدن، استاندار تهران، نیز به این پرونده باز شد و یکی از متهمان در توضیح اتهام «اختلاس ۲۰۰ میلیون تومانی» گفت که تمامی این مبلغ را به استاندار تهران تحویل داده است.
استاندار تهران دریافت پول را تأیید و تأکید کرده است که این امر در استانداری «یک روال» بود.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، در جریان دادگاه روز چهارشنبه، ۱۸ خردادماه، «ی- د»، معاون پیشین فنی و عمرانی استانداری تهران، درباره اتهام «مشارکت در اختلاس ۲۰۰ میلیون تومانی»، این اتهام را رد کرد و گفت: «دفتر فنی مبلغی را به من داد که آن را به طور کامل به استانداری دادم... استاندار در حضور مشاور حقوقی و اعضای خانوادهاش قبول کرد. این مبلغ تحویل استانداری شده و در استانداری هزینه شد
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ak, Güneş’in kenarının dalgalandığını görün. Burada dalgalanan şey, Güneş’in kromosferi boyunca yükselen ve geri düşen sıcak gaz tüplerinden (spikül olarak bilinen tüpler) dinamik bir halı. Tüm 4 saniyelik hızlandırılmış video, yaklaşık on dakikalık bir zamanı kapsıyor ama Güneş’in kendisinin 5 milyar yıl daha var olacağı düşünülüyor.
Yazarlar & Editörler: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA yetkilisi: Phillip Newman Özel haklara tabidir. NASA Web Gizlilik Politikası ve Önemli Bildirimler Bir ASD at NASA / GSFC & NASA Bilim Etkinliği
& Michigan Tech. U. hizmetidir.Il francese Max Moreau e il belga Jérôme Peeters hanno convalidato il loro biglietto per il tavolo finale del Premier Padel Maggiore del Messico!
Un francese e un belga sono meglio di due francesi... e di due belgi! Infatti, dopo aver battuto ieri i tricolori Guichard e Vives, Max Moreau e Jérôme Peeters hanno dominato lunedì i connazionali di quest'ultimo, Deloyer e Geens!
E come ieri ci saranno voluti tre set e una bella “remontada” perché la coppia franco-belga ne uscisse fuori. Risultato 3/6 6/4 6/3 per Max e Jérôme che convalidano il loro biglietto per il tavolo finale!
Per il momento non sappiamo chi affronteranno nel prossimo turno ma di una cosa siamo sicuri: ci saranno 4 francesi nelle 32 finali dell'ultimo Major della stagione. Due di loro giocano stasera. Per seguire le partite in corso QUI !
Xan è un fan di padel. Ma anche il rugby! E i suoi post sono altrettanto incisivi. Preparatore fisico di diversi padel, scopre post atipici o tratta argomenti di attualità. Ti dà anche alcuni suggerimenti per sviluppare il tuo fisico per il padel. Chiaramente, impone il suo stile offensivo come sul campo di padel !With the advent of vaccines and improvement in healthcare, epidemics of acute, highly-infective childhood diseases have become significantly declined in most parts of the world; all thanks to effective vaccines. In spite of that, childhood illnesses may still come in the form of common flu and cold. They also exist in the form of mysterious […]
Candida can be due to multiple reasons, including high-sugar diet, alcohol, refined carbs. This article presents the symptoms and causes of candida infection as well as effective home remedies to treat candida.
You probably think of the fast acting diseases as the most deadliest ones. Surprisingly, many of such diseases don’t run in the top 10 lists. In fact, most of the deadly diseases are those that have slow progression and relatively high prevalence. World Health Organization (WHO) has provided a list of such diseases. Their list […]
Do you know that nutritional deficiency is responsible for more than 6 percent of the global morbidity and mortality rates? We have 88 percent of the countries facing a serious burden of nutritional deficiencies. Moreover, around 2 billion people lack micronutrients like vitamin A and iron. Nutrient deficiencies contribute to the global disease and economic […]
The most deadly creature on earth is not a saltwater crocodile or a black mamba; it’s the mosquito that conveniently transmits deadly diseases through a single bite. According to World Health Organization (WHO), mosquito-borne diseases cause more than 1 million deaths per year, and hundreds of millions of individuals suffer the consequences of a mosquito […]
Are you worried about the pale complexion and shortness of breath while doing minor daily activities such as climbing stairs? A general feeling of tiredness and difficulty in performing daily activities can be linked to iron deficiency. It may come as a surprise, but iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in today’s world. […]
An example of a common zoonotic bacterial infection is Cat Scratch Disease. Cat Scratch Disease affects 25,000 people per year and occurs after cats bite or scratch humans.Increased consumption of pork during China's upcoming New Year festivities could lead to fresh outbreaks of African swine fever, a viral disease that can wipe out whole herds of animals, an expert in veterinary medicine has warned.
China has been fighting the highly contagious disease since August last year, with around 100 farms reporting outbreaks and at least 200,000 pigs culled.
Last week a modern mega-farm, with some 73,000 pigs, reported an outbreak of the fever - the largest farm to date to be infected.
Chinese New Year, which takes place on February 5, will see an increase in the consumption of pork - the country's most popular meat - as people celebrate with family feasts.
Dirk Pfeiffer, professor of veterinary medicine at City University of Hong Kong, described China as the "Himalayas of pigs" as the country keeps between 50 and 60 per cent of the world's pig population.
“With Chinese New Year coming up, there will be more demand and more trade in pork and it’s likely that there will be an increase in outbreaks.
“Chinese New Year involves lots of festivities; it is about eating at home with family,” he told The Telegraph. “People want to eat meat, and in China they love pork, so it will create a lot of opportunity for pork to be moved around the country and also along the border. This is illegal, but it has always been a porous border.”
While African swine fever cannot be caught by humans, the deadly viral disease can wipe out whole herds of pigs. There is no vaccine for the disease although UK researchers are currently working on one.
The disease has been found in Eastern Europe and Belgium and UK farmers are worried that it could jump here.
The discovery of the illness on the Chinese mega farm, which is part owned by Danish investment funds, has raised concerns that even industrial farms with the best levels of bio-security are at risk of infection.
Among a herd of 15,000 breeding pigs on the farm in the northeastern Heilongjiang province, 4,685 were infected with the disease and 3,766 have died, according to the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. All animals on infected farms must be culled under current rules.
The ministry said that it was ‘resolute’ about stopping the spread, and has introduced emergency measures including a blockade and culling pigs.
But while concerned by the outbreak, Prof Pfeiffer said he was not surprised.
“Occasionally you expect some of the bigger farms to be infected,” he said. “If we now see lots of larger farms with African swine fever, then we should really be worried.”
The disease is unlikely to be eradicated from China because of the large number of small farms which are less likely to follow best practice disease control measures, said Prof. Pfeiffer.
"In Beijing, they are very worried about the spread, they are doing everything any other government would do" said Prof Pfeiffer. "But a change in industry needs to happen to really slow the spread.
"If it also moves into neighbouring countries like Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia - which don't have the same resources as China to tackle the disease - then it will become even harder to contain."
Protect yourself and your family by learning more about Global Health SecurityTahta kurusu küçük, düz, oval şekilli gövdelere sahiptir. Kanatları yoktur. Yetişkinlerde kanat pedleri denilen kanatların izleri vardır, ancak tamamen fonksiyonel kanatlara dönüşmezler.
Yetişkin tahta kuruları kahverengidirler fakat beslendiklerinde kırmızımsı bir renge sahip olurlar. Tam yetiştirilen tahta kuruları nispeten yavaş hareket eder ve 4 ila 5 mm arasında ölçülür. Ev sahipleri bazen tahta kuruların çıplak gözle göremeyecek kadar küçük olduğu konusunda yanlış düşünceye sahipler. Gençler küçük ve görülmesi zor olabilir, ancak yetişkinler çıplak gözle görülebilir ve saklamak için kullandıkları çatlak ve yarıklarda bulunabilirler. Yeni yumurtadan çıkan yavru, yaklaşık olarak bir iğne başının büyüklüğündedir ve beslenene kadar beyaz veya bronz renge sahiptir. Genellikle bir elma çekirdeğinin büyüklüğü ve şekli ile benzerlik kurularak tarif edilirler.
Tahta kuruları, tek besin kaynağı olarak kanla beslenirler. Yetişkin aşamasına olgunlaşa bilmeleri için, olgunlaşmamış aşamalarının her birinde bir kez kanla beslenmeleri gerekir. Yetişkin dişiler de yumurta üretmek için kana ihtiyaç duyarlar. Tahta kuruların insanları ısırmasına rağmen, hastalıkları insanlara aktardığı bilinmemektedir.
Bir yüzeyde bulunan bulunan kan lekeleri, ısırıklar ve tahtakurusu dışkıları ve deri dökülmeleri, bir yatak böcek istilasının belirtilerinden bazılarıdır.vücutta bulunan ısırıklar genellikle yatak uyku esnasında gerçekleşir ve el, boyun, yüz, omuz, bacak ve kol bölgelerinde daha yoğun görülür. Her zaman için durum bu şekilde olmasa da, tahtakurusu ısırıkları genellikle küçük bir alanda bir araya toplanır ve bazen bir çizgi veya zikzak şeklinde görülebilir.Isırıklar genelde iltihaplanmış, kaşıntılı kırmızı küçük, düz veya kabarık bölgelere benzer.
Tahtakurusu ısırık reaksiyonları, her zaman ısırıldıktan hemen sonra görünmez ve belirtilerin ortaya çıkması birkaç gün sürebilir. Bununla birlikte, tahta kurusu ısırıklarına vücut tarafından verilen tepkiler birbirinden çok farklı da olabilmektedir. Tahta kurusu ısırığının büyüklüğü faklı durumlara göre değişebilmektedir.Tahta kurusu, bir kanla beslenebilmek için cildi deldiğinde tükürükleriyle birlikte bir anti-koagülan enjekte eder.
Bu enzim kişinin ısırmaya verdiği tepki ve ısırığın büyüklüğüyle alakalıdır. Bir Tahtakurusu reaksiyonunun boyutunu etkileyen bir başka faktör, bir kişinin ısırılma sayısıdır. Birçok kez ısırılan insanların ısırık reaksiyonları da değişkendir ve tepkileri ısırık sayısı arttıkça az yada çok yoğun olabilir.Tahta kurusu, insan derisini kanı çıkardıkları ince ağız delerler. Yatak böcek ısırıkları başlangıçta ağrılı değildir ve saatlerce veya günlerce fark edilmeden yaşayabilirler. Bu tahta kurusunun her beslenmede 10 dakikaya kadar insan kanını emebilme kabiliyeti vardır. Tahtakurusu ısırıkları, genellikle üst vücut, boyun, kollar ve omuzlar gibi maruz kalan deride görülür.
Kaşınma tahtakurusu ısırıkları ve ısırıkların temiz dezenfekte edilmemesi, daha fazla şişlik ve kanamaya neden olabilen ikincil bir enfeksiyona yol açabilir. Çocuklar, yaşlılar ve zayıf bağışıklık sistemi olan bireyler, özellikle de yatalak olanlar, yatak böcek ısırıklarından kaynaklanan ikincil enfeksiyonlar gelişebilir.
Evcil hayvanlardaki Tahtakurusu ısırığı nasıl tanımlanır?
Kedi ve köpekler üzerindeki ısırıklar insana çok benzer görüntüye sahiptir ve hayvan sahibi olan bireyler genellikle bu ısırıkları sivrisinek veya pire ile karıştırırlar. İnsanlarda olduğu gibi, tahtakurusu evcil hayvanlarda kalmazlar, ancak beslendikten sonra korunan bir yaşam alanına geri dönerler. Isırıklara ek olarak,tahtakurusu dışkısı,tüy döküntüleri ve geceleri hayvanın rahatsızlığı da evcil hayvanları ısıran tahtakurusu varlığının göstergesidir. Bu nedenle, yapılacak en iyi şeylerden biri evcil hayvanın yatak takımlarını incelemek ve hayvanı sık sık tahtakurusu varlığıyla ilgili belirtiler için uyanıkken tımar etmektir.
Tahtakurusu insanlar tarafından, çoğu zaman aşağıdaki gibi kişisel eşyalar vasıt
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ابستگیهای اجتماعی و خانوادگی صورت گرفته است.
به گفته وی، در ایران افشاگریهای مربوط به فساد عمدتا در دوران مبارزات انتخابات به اوج خود میرسد و پس از آن به فراموشی سپرده میشود.
بهمن عشقی، نبود نهادی مدنی در امر مبارزه با فساد در کشور را یکی دیگر از عوامل ناکامیها در این بخش دانست و افزود: در شرایط کنونی که فضای مجازی در کشور به یک شاخصه تبدیل شده است، بروز آن در کنار حضور فعالانه نهادهای مدنی میتواند در امر مبارزه با فساد کارساز باشد.
چالش تعارض منافع و تعدد قوانین
در این نشست همچنین، حسن عابدی جعفری عضو هیات نمایندگان اتاق تهران در سخنانی، تعارض منافع و تعدد قوانین را از جمله عوامل ناکامی مبارزه با فساد در کشور عنوان کرد و گفت: دولت، مجلس و قوه قضاییه به تنهایی یا در همکاری با یکدیگر قادر به مقابله با فساد در کشور نیستند و باید دو نهاد دیگر یعنی بخش خصوصی و سازمانهای مردم نهاد هم به کمک بیایند.
او با اشاره به تلاش اتاق تهران برای تدوین آییننامه مبارزه با فساد در بخش خصوصی تاکید کرد که این دستورالعمل براساس استانداردهای پذیرفتهشده، کارآ و مرجع بینالمللی و با کمک جامعه دانشگاهی در حال تدوین است که امیدواریم با هماهنگی نهادهای ذیربط به مرجع مبارزه با فساد در بخش خصوصی تبدیل شود.
حسن عابدی جعفری تصریح کرد که مبارزه با فساد در کشورهای به موفقیت نسبی رسیده است که نقش بخش خصوصی و سازمانهای مردمنهاد در این فرآیند محوری و پررنگ بوده است.迈克尔·米肖（Michael Michaud）
柠檬吊式耳环-花线
柠檬是属于芸香科的一种常绿植物，起源于亚洲，但如今在全世界的热带和亚热带地区都可以找到。
Lemon Drop系列是与伦敦维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆合作开发的。
它的灵感来自于V＆A的绿色餐厅，这是世界上第一家博物馆咖啡馆，其水果盘由Morris，Marshall，Faulkner和Co.公司于1886年设计。William Morris对工艺美术运动产生了重大影响，他对手工工艺的价值以及在生产材料中维护真理和诚实的许多理想。 他的中世纪灵感设计因其动植物，动物，尤其是水果和鸟类交织的非凡效果而著称。 设计展示了色调的深度，丰富的色彩和色调的渐变。
该收藏品由英国伦敦的维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆（Victoria and Albert Museum）许可。
材料： Lemon Drop耳环由手工压花古铜铸造而成，并配以格拉斯柠檬和白色花朵。 导线是24kt金，上面是925银。
措施： 1.3“L x 0.67”W|猴子究竟有多聪明？他们天生的好奇心促使他们不停地尝试新事物，但是它们的文化—通过一代一代的传递信息，教会了它们很多东西。
年轻时，依靠自己的双手去触摸周围的世界，把握新的事物，慢慢拼凑出对社会的理解。它们从家族中学得如何寻找事物、交流、认识，甚至包括使用工具，医药和语言。正是猴子的这些熟悉的行动，深深地吸引着人类，我们可以从它们的行动中看到我们自己的面孔，本性。自然世界拜访世界各地各种迷人的灵长类动物，从南美洲小型的侏儒狨猴，到非洲活泼的狒狒和斯里兰卡那富有同情心的僧帽猴。
聪明的猴子不断地挑战着我们对什么是纯粹的“人”的认识
The Order of Battle diagram shows all the units of the Hungarian
Occupation Forces from the point of their first arrival on the East Front in the Fall of 1941 until the
dissolution of the Hungarian Occupation Forces Command on 7 April 1944.
The Huba I – III Army Expansion and Mobilization Plans had allowed a mixed, piecemeal mobilization of units from the various Corps in Hungary without consideration of their parent units, in order to spread the load on the economy.
The new Szabolcs Peace-Time and Mobilization Plan of 1 October 1943 encompassed a different organization, ordering mobilization in depth, resulting in the unification of the various units under their parent formations, either by sending out the remaining portions of the Second Line (i.e., Reserve) units to the occupation forces, or by withdrawing the First Line (i.e., Active) units back to Hungary. The regrouping and reorganization took well into 1944.
Because the divisions, the individual regiments and battalions, and the various units were continually changing their assignments and even their subordination, the units are only presented in their numerical order.
|A||These are the units which were mobilized with a reduced strength during from August – December 1941 for occupation duties. They consisted mainly of those units which went to the East Front under the headquarters of the 21st (121st) and 24th (124th) Brigades / Light Divisions, as well as the 2nd (102nd), 5th (105th), and 8th (108th) Brigades / Light Divisions.|
|B||These are the improvised units which were mobilized in the Winter 1942/43 and sent to the East Front. They consisted mainly of the headquarters of the 1st and 201st (improvised) Light Divisions. Also, for the first time, an artillery battalion was included for the occupation forces, albeit with only four light mountain gun batteries.|
|C||These are the commands and divisions of the former Second Army transferred to the Occupation Forces between March and May 1943. The regiment headquarters and the various units were used to order the regiments and also to boost the strength of the occupation forces after the Second Army was dissolved.|
|D||The remaining units of the 18th and 25th Light Divisions, including the divisional headquarters, mobilized in March 1943. They were to unite with those units already serving with the occupation forces on the East Front and form complete formations.|
|E||Units which were sent to the East Front during the Fall of 1943 and well into 1944 directly from Hungary, mainly to relieve those units needed to complete the First Line divisions being raised in Hungary, but also including new units to support the existing occupation forces.|
|F||Units sent back to Hungary to complete First Line divisions being raised in Hungary.|
|G||Units which were dissolved or amalgamated into other formations and used to fill up those units.|
|General Jány – Commanding General of the Second Army – assumed command of all Hungarian formations on the East Front on 17 February 1943, (thereby including the occupation forces), and carried out the function of "Inspector General" until 1 May 1943. On this date, the Second Army was deactivated and replaced by the Hungarian Occupation Forces Command. On 15 August 1943, the Second Army was once again reactivated on the East Front and relieved the H.O.F.C., which was in turn deactivated. On the tactical and operational levels, the Hungarian units remained assigned to German commands.|
|The VIIth Corps was a former Second Army command which superceded the Hungarian Occupation Group West. (The H.O.G. West had never been a real separate command. Its staff functions had been carried out by the headquarters of the senior divisional commander, who simultaneously had the title of Commanding Officer, H.O.G. West.)|
|The Hungarian Occupation Group East had been a real command. It was amalgamated into the headquarters of the VIIIth Corps. The VIIIth Corps was sent from Hungary on 18 May 1943 to Gomel to assume command of the occupation forces in that sector.|
|All Brigades are redesignated as Light Divisions in February 1942. No changes in organization.|
|All divisions engaged in occupation duties reverted back to their original designations in June 1943 (or May ?). (I.e., the 121st Division becomes once again the 21st Division. the 124th the 24th, etc.)|
|The divisional headquarters of the 24th Light Division is relieved by the headquarters of the 21st Light Division, a former Second Army formation, on 21 October 1943 and returned to Hungary.|
|The 18th and 25th Light Divisions were sent to the East Front owing to a strong 'desire' expressed by the German OKW. These are the first units which arrived organizationally intact. The 25th Light Division was redesignated as the 19th Light Division and the 55th Infantry Regiment as the 35th Infantry Regiment effective 1 October 1943. The 19th Light Division was deactivated and returned to Hungary.|
|The headquarters of the 2nd Light Division was relieved by the headquarters of the 23rd Light Division, a former Second Army formation, and returned to Hungary, on 29 July 1943.|
|The headquarters of the 8th Light Division was relieved by the headquarters of the 9th Light Division, a former Second Army formation, on 29 July 1943, and returned to Hungary.|
|The 101st independent Tank Company was raised in February 1943. It was disbanded late July 1944.|
|The 102nd independent Tank Company was raised in Hungary and transferred to the occupation forces on 19 December 1943.|
|The 102nd Bridge Battalion was transferred from the Hungarian Occupation Command to the Second Army in the Fall of 1942. It reverted back to the occupation troops on 22.02.1943.|
|The VIIth Signal Battalion was relieved by the Ist Signal Battalion.|
|The 102nd Railroad Battalion was attached to the German Commandant of Railroad Troops (Kodies) and used in the Kuban bridgehead.|In this quintessential Shakespearean drama, Hamlet's halting pursuit of revenge for his father's death unfolds in a series of highly charged confrontations that climax in tragedy.
- Freshly edited text based on the best early printed version of the play
- Full explanatory notes conveniently placed on pages facing the text of the play
- Scene-by-scene plot summaries
- A key to famous lines and phrases
- An introduction to reading Shakespeare's language
- An essay by an outstanding scholar providing a modern perspective on the play
- Illustrations from the Folger Shakespeare Library's vast holdings of rare books
Did you find this review helpful?大家好欢迎收看本期节目，NBA联赛在商业运作上运行得非常好，在全球都非常有影响力，成功的商业运作下，NBA球员可以称得上是世界上收入最高的运动员群体，几乎所有的篮球运动员都希望职业生涯可以去NBA�
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，促使他离开社会主义经济 建设轨道，又把工作重心转回到阶级斗争上去；在国内，一是中国社会的农 业经济基础并未从根本改变，缺乏民主观念，缺乏法律制度；一个是社会主 义经济建设规律没有充分暴露，未被认识清楚，因此，错误是难免的。但是， 错误时间之久、错误严重之程度，则不能不是毛泽东个人的责任了。
毛泽东晚年的错误同样也是我们这个时代造成的，他的错误也应该是中 国人民的宝贵精神财富，因为有了这个反面经验教训，中国人民更加认识到 实事求是哲学的正确，更加坚定地坚持实事求是的哲学路线，使中国人民从 错误中更加成熟起来，更加健康地走上强国富民的道路，这就是邓小平同志 指出的建设有中国特色的社会主义道路。
中国人民是实事求是的，实事求是地肯定毛泽东的功绩，实事求是地对 待毛泽东晚年的错误。当毛泽东领导中国人民胜利前进、取得伟大功绩的时 候，人民爱戴他、崇敬他；当毛泽东晚年犯了错误的时候，人民照样爱戴他、
崇敬他；当毛泽东在世的时候，人民爱戴他、崇敬他；当毛泽东去世以后， 人民还是怀念他、崇敬他！
毛泽东虽然去世了，毛泽东创导的实事求是哲学铭刻在中国人民的脑子 里，永远成为指导中国人民前进的行动哲学。
我们现在正处在改革开放的年代，我们的中心任务是发展生产力，搞好 社会主义的经济建设。指导我们改革开放、发展生产力的哲学，仍然是实事 求是哲学。只有在实事求是哲学的指导下，我们才能有比资本主义快得多的 速度发展我们的生产力，才能使我国的社会主义经济建设持续、快速、健康 地发展，我们的人民才能更快地走上共同富裕的道路。
毛泽东虽然去世了，毛泽东创导的实事求是哲学永放光芒！
毛泽东哲深思想研究
一毛泽东所处的时代及其历史使命
当古希腊入进入奴隶社会的时候，古文明的中国已经走完了奴隶社会的 历程，开始进入了封建社会。中华民族的文明发展大约比西方要早整整四个 世纪。但是，当西欧人走完奴隶社会、封建社会，从而进入资本主义社会的 时候，具有伟大文明的中华民族却还在封建社会中蹒跚！中国的封建制度太 完备了，以至于要走出它的外壳却是如此之难！
一个时代创造出一种社会制度，一种社会制度标志着一个历史时代。当 一种社会制度能较完全地反映该时代精神的时候，该制度是合理的、先进的， 不然，就要被时代所淘汰。时代在不断变迁，而社会制度一旦建立却是相对 稳定的，要冲破这种落后于时代的制度，必须有超乎一般常人的掌握时代精 神的伟人。中国长期的封建社会，也可以说造就了许多伟人，但这些伟人仍 然只是封建制度常规下的伟人，他们并没有超越封建制度的常规，未能把握 时代精神的脉搏，因此，他们最多只能充当封建制度改朝换代的工具，而不 能担当冲破封建制度的重任。中国的封建制度正如蜗牛壳一样，一个坚固的 外壳，把内部的生命活动同外部的时代潮流隔绝了开来，不管外部的时代潮 流如何汹涌澎湃，而内部却始终如一地按部就班、慢条斯理。只有用强力打 破这个外壳，才能撤夫这种隔绝，达到内外交流，使生命活动富于时代气息。 时代在前进，历史在继续，封建制度的外壳终于要被时代所摧毁了。
当历史进入到十九世纪六十年代和七十年代的时候，自由竞争的资本主
义发展到了顶点，进入了垄断阶段，资产阶级加紧对无产阶级的压迫与剥削， 资本主义国内矛盾进一步激化，无产阶级反抗资产阶级的斗争不断发展。为 了缓和国内阶级矛盾，资产阶级必然要把眼光转向国外，除了加剧商品输出， 同时还大量的资本输出，进而以资本输出代替商品输出，以资本占领国外市 场，然后建立自己的殖民地。列宁指出：“只要资本主义还是资本主义，过 剩的资本就不会用来提高本国民众的生活水平（因为这样会降低资本家的利 润），而会输出国外，输出到落后的国家去，以提高利润。在这些落后的国 家里，利润通常都是很高的，因为那里资本少，地价比较贱，工资低，原料 也便宜。其所以有输出资本的可能，是因为许多落后的国家已经卷入世界资 本主义的流通范围，主要的铁路线已经建成或已经开始兴建，发展工业的起 码条件已有保证等等。淇所以有输出资本的必要，是因为资本主义在少数国 家中已经‘成熟过度了’，‘有利可图的’投资场所已经不够了”。①中国正 好符合这些条件。中国地大物博，人口众多，当然是帝国主义资本输出的理 想地。
为了保障资本输出的利益，帝国主义者必然要把资本投放地变为自己的 殖民地。经济上的掠夺，必然伴之以政治上的奴役与压迫。进入帝国主义时 代的资产阶级，不仅把侵略的魔爪伸向中国，同时把他们的触角伸向世界各 个角落，形成瓜分世界的风潮。地球上无主的土地都被占领完了。但帝国主 义决不因此各占各的地盘相安无事，而是仍然在不断扩张自己的势力，这就 要去占领有主的地盘，从而必然会造成帝国主义之间、帝国主义与殖民地人 民之间矛盾的进一步激化，“只有占领殖民地，才能充分保障垄断组织获得 胜利，战胜同竞争者斗争中的各种意外事件，直到战胜敌方打算用国家垄断
① 《列宁选集》人民出版社 1965 年版第 2 卷第 784—785 页。
法来实行自卫这样的意外事件。资本主义愈发达，原料愈缺乏，竞争和追逐 全世界原料来源的斗争愈尖锐，那未占领殖民地的斗争也就愈激烈”①。
帝国主义瓜分世界是以实力为依据的，“在资本主义制度下，分割势力 范围、分享利益和分割殖民地等等，除了以分割者的实力，也就是以一般经 济、金融、军事等等的实力为依据外，不可能设想以其他的东西为依据。而 这些分割者的实力的变化又各不相同，因为在资本主义制度下，各个企业、 各个托拉斯、各个工业部门，各个国家的发展不可能是平衡的。如果拿半世 纪以前德国的资本主义实力同当时英国的实力相比，那时德国还小得可怜； 日本同俄国相比，也是如此。能不能‘设想’一二十年之后，帝国主义列强 的实力对比依然没有变化呢？绝对不能。
“所以，资本主义现实中的（而不是英国牧师或德国‘马克思主义者’ 考茨基的庸俗的市侩幻想中的）‘国际帝国主义的’或‘超帝国主义的’联 盟，不管形式如何，不管是一个帝国主义联盟去反对另一个帝国主义联盟， 还是一切帝国主义强国结成一个总联盟，都不可避免地只会是前后两次战争 之间的‘暂时休战’。和平的联盟准备着战争，同时它又是从战争中成长起 来的，两者互相制约，在同一个基础上，即在世界经济和世界政治的帝国主 义联系和相互关系的基础上，产生着和平斗争形式和非和平斗争形式彼此交 替的情形。②为了争夺殖民地，帝国主义必然要发动战争。所以，帝国主义就 是战争。两次世界大战就是这么爆发的，每次战争都按当时的实力，各帝国 主义相应地瓜分到一定的势力范围，随之也会出现暂时的和平。随着实力的 变化，原先势力范围的分配又显得“不公”了，于是又要重新瓜分，这就出 现了帝国主义时代和平与战争相互交替的局面，给人民带来了极大的灾难， 井严重地破坏了社会生产的发展。
经济落后的中国，历来是各帝国主义瓜分的对象，从 1840 年英帝国主义
用炮舰敲开中国的大门以后，各帝国主义的魔爪都伸向了中国。难以从内部 打破的完备的中国封建社会，在帝国主义的洋枪洋炮面前，就再也坚固不起 来了，终于被打开了大的�
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改进和更新。
巴塞尔协议II的目标是提供更加全面和准确的银行资本要求，以更好地应对风险，并增强银行业的稳定性。它强调了风险敞口的评估和资本充足性的重要性。
巴塞尔协议II框架引入了三个主要的风险类别，分别是信用风险、市场风险和操作风险。它提供了更为详细和复杂的方法来度量和管理这些风险，并要求银行根据其风险水平来确定适当的资本储备。
此外，巴塞尔协议II还引入了一个名为内部评级法（Internal Ratings-Based Approach）的方法，允许银行根据其自身的内部评级模型来确定信用风险资本要求。这使得银行能够更准确地评估和管理其信用风险，并根据其风险管理能力和实际状况来确定资本要求。
巴塞尔协议II框架的实施对全球银行业有重要影响，它促使银行更加注重风险管理和资本充足性，提高了整个银行业的韧性和稳定性。然而，由于其较为复杂的要求和监管负担，巴塞尔II也引起了一些争议和批评。
巴塞尔协议II的层级
巴塞尔协议II将银行的资本划分为三个层级，分别是一级资本、二级资本和三级资本。
一级资本（核心资本）：一级资本是银行最重要的资本层级，也被称为核心资本。它包括普通股股本（Common Equity Tier 1）和其他核心资本（Additional Tier 1）。普通股股本是指普通股股票的价值，可以用来覆盖亏损和支持银行的风险承担能力。其他核心资本包括符合规定的永续债务和优先股等。
二级资本：二级资本是次级资本，相对于一级资本风险更高。它包括次级债务（Subordinated Debt）和其他次级资本工具（Additional Tier 2）。次级债务具有较低的优先级，当银行面临亏损时，它们可能被用来弥补亏损或资本缺口。
三级资本：三级资本是相对较新的资本层级，在巴塞尔协议II中引入，主要用于覆盖市场风险。三级资本包括银行发行的短期债务和其他非次级债务，用于支持特定的市场风险敞口。三级资本的使用是受限的，且只能用于覆盖市场风险的特定部分。
这些资本层级的划分和规定旨在确保银行有足够的资本来覆盖风险，并提高银行的稳定性和抵御风险的能力。巴塞尔协议II对每个资本层级设定了一系列的要求和限制，以确保银行满足资本充足性的标准，并提供足够的保护和透明度。
Basel II的优缺点
巴塞尔协议II框架（Basel II）在国际银行监管领域引起了广泛的讨论和评价。以下是该框架的一些优点和缺点：
优点：
- 风险敞口评估改进：巴塞尔协议II引入了更为详细和复杂的方法来评估银行面临的风险敞口。它要求银行对信用风险、市场风险和操作风险进行更准确的测量和管理，有助于提高银行业的风险识别和管理能力。
- 内部评级法的灵活性：巴塞尔协议II允许银行使用内部评级法（IRB Approach），根据其自身的内部评级模型确定信用风险资本要求。这使得银行能够更准确地根据其客户的风险水平确定资本要求，提高了风险定价的准确性和灵活性。
- 强调资本充足性：巴塞尔协议II鼓励银行确保充足的资本储备，以应对潜在的风险和压力。这有助于提高银行业的韧性和稳定性，降低了系统性风险和金融危机的潜在影响。
缺点：
- 复杂性：巴塞尔协议II框架相对于之前的巴塞尔I框架更为复杂。它引入了更多的要求和计算模型，对银行的监管和合规性管理提出了更高的要求。这可能增加了银行的成本和复杂性，尤其对于规模较小的银行而言。
- 评级模型的可靠性：内部评级法的使用依赖于银行自身的评级模型和方法。然而，这些模型的准确性和可靠性可能存在差异，可能导致不同银行对同一风险的评估结果存在差异。这可能引发一些公平性和一致性的问题。
- 原则性的框架：巴塞尔协议II框架提供了一种原则性的监管框架，留给国家监管机构在具体实施时进行解释和调整。这可能导致不同国家在实施巴塞尔II时存在一定程度的解释差异和实施的不一致性。
综上所述，巴塞尔协议II框架在提高风险管理能力和资本充足性方面具有优势，但也存在复杂性和可靠性的挑战。监管机构和银行需要努力克服这些问题，以确保有效的监管和稳定的金融体系。
巴塞尔协议II和巴塞尔协议III的区别
巴塞尔协议II（Basel II）和巴塞尔协议III（Basel III）是国际银行监管框架的两个不同版本，它们之间存在一些关键区别：
目标和重点：
- 巴塞尔协议II的主要目标是提供更全面和准确的银行资本要求，增强银行业的稳定性和风险管理能力。它强调了风险敞口评估和资本充足性的重要性。
- 巴塞尔协议III旨在进一步加强银行监管并解决巴塞尔II框架中的不足。其重点是加强资本要求、流动性管理和杠杆比率的监管要求，以应对金融危机的潜在风险。
资本要求：
- 巴塞尔协议II引入了更复杂的资本要求计算方法，例如使用内部评级法（IRB Approach）来确定信用风险资本要求。它鼓励银行根据其自身的评级模型确定资本要求。
- 巴塞尔协议III进一步加强了资本要求，并引入了资本缓冲区的概念。它要求银行维持更高水平的核心资本和附加资本，并建立了逆周期调整机制来应对经济周期的波动。
流动性要求：
- 巴塞尔协议II对银行的流动性要求相对较少，主要集中在操作风险方面。
- 巴塞尔协议III增加了对银行流动性风险的监管要求，包括对流动性缓冲区的要求和更严格的流动性监测和报告要求。
杠杆比率：
- 巴塞尔协议II并未引入杠杆比率要求，它主要侧重于风险加权资产比率。
- 巴塞尔协议III引入了杠杆比率要求，即银行核心资本与总资产之间的比率。这有助于限制银行过度借债和杠杆操作的风险。
总体而言，巴塞尔III在巴塞尔协议II的基础上进一步加强了银行监管要求，特别是资本和流动性方面。这是为了更好地应对金融危机的潜在风险，并增强全球金融体系的稳定性。European Union and Japan signed a free trade agreement—the EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement—the terms of which had been finalized in December 2017. The agreement eliminates tariffs on nearly all major goods traded between the two sides.
The agreement’s signing comes after both Japan and the EU—both U.S. allies—have faced heavy criticism from U.S. President Donald J. Trump for what he perceives as unfair trade practices. Recently, Trump described the 27-member EU as a “foe” for its trade practices.
Tusk underlined that the deal was the “largest bilateral trade deal ever.” Following China, Japan is the EU’s second-largest trading partner by volume in Asia. The total EU economy is and Japan together accounts for around a quarter of global economic output.
The agreement’s signing this week was scheduled to take place earlier in Europe, but Abe had to cancel travel due to heavy flooding in southern Japan for unusually heavy rains, which claimed scores of lives.
Even as the three leaders separated the conclusion of the agreement, they did not draw attention to their respective tensions with the United States. Both Japan and the EU are subject to ongoing steel and aluminum tariffs implemented earlier this year by the United States.
According to the European Commission, the EU primarily imports machinery, electrical machinery, motor vehicles, optical and medical instruments, and chemicals from Japan. Japan, meanwhile, imports motor vehicles, machinery, pharmaceuticals, optical, and medical instruments, and electrical machinery from the EU.
In the bilateral goods trading relationship, Japan maintains a substantial surplus. In 2017, Japan ran an 8.4 billion euro surplus on trade in goods. In services, the EU maintains a substantial surplus. In 2017, the EU’s services trade surplus with Japan was 13 billion euros.
The free trade agreement signed on Tuesday will eliminate 99 percent of tariffs on Japanese imports by the European Union and 94 percent of tariffs on European imports by Japan. Eventually, Japan will bring the number of lifted tariffs on European goods to cover 99 percent of all traded goods as well.
The two sides had been in talks over a free trade agreement for nearly five years. Last July, they reached an agreement in principle on the contours of the trade agreement.
For Japan, the conclusion of the agreement with Europe marks a major milestone. For Abe, the agreement is seen as a fillip to his ‘Abenomics’ set of monetary, fiscal, and structural policies.
While the EPA with the EU is Japan’s largest bilateral trade agreement, the country is the largest economy to participate in the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership, a high standard-focused multilateral trade pact that succeeds the original twelve-member Trans-Pacific Partnership that the United States withdrew from last January.
Similarly, Japan is a participant in ongoing talks to conclude the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership between the ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and other Asian states, including China and India.Menu principale:
Atrahasis
L'Atrahasîs (atra-hasîs, "il sommamente saggio") è un poema epico in lingua accadica della prima metà del II millennio a. C. (da alcuni datato al XVIII secolo a.C.) di circa 1250 versi, che contiene, con alcuni elementi di novità, una serie di miti tradizionali mesopotamici, quali ad esempio quelli della Creazione e del Diluvio riferiti da precedenti poemi sumerici come Enki e Ninmah e la Genesi di Eridu.
Il mito del Diluvio sarà ripreso nel XII secolo a.C. dall'Epopea di Gilgamesh, rappresentata dal poema babilonese Enuma Elish ("Quando in alto"), e dalla Bibbia e dal Corano.
La prima parte del poema racconta che in origine gli dei erano divisi in due classi: le divinità
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cancer, high-dose vitamin D resulted in a higher progression-free survival (35). The initially mentioned study of the working group of Dr. Sven Borchmann in Cologne evaluated if vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor resulting in poorer tumor control (in 351 Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients over an observation period of 13 years). They were able to prove that patients with vitamin D deficiency – resulting from poorer tumor control – had impaired progression-free survival and overall survival (3).
Wu et al. summarized that vitamin D showed anticancer action and proposed vitamin D to be a novel and economical anticancer agent (36).
Unfortunately, vitamin D deficiency occurs all over the world (37).
The following figure demonstrates that patients with a vitamin D level of 40 – 60ng/ml are protected against most chronic diseases:
Vitamin D in dentistry
Positive effects of vitamin D can be recognized in almost every medical field. The importance of vitamin D has been reported several times in dentistry. Thus, correlations were documented between vitamin D and caries, molar incisor hypomineralisation and gingivitis/periodontitis (39–44). Vitamin D inhibits the growth and virulence factor gene expression of the periodontal pathogenic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis (45); furthermore, vitamin D induced an increase in antibacterial activity against the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetem-comitans (46). The local bone remodeling might be better when serum vitamin D levels were improved (47).
On the other hand, vitamin D deficiency slows the implant osseointegration and increases the risk of graft infection (48–50).
It is evident (according to the mentioned studies) that an adequate vitamin D level is of great importance for the human organism.
Further randomized clinical studies on oncological diseases are required to verify the benefit of a vitamin D supplementation and to integrate it into the standard oncological treatment.
The Swiss Biohealth Clinic has established already vitamin D supplementation for every patient to optimize patient’s health and to improve postoperative wound and bone healing. Prior to surgery, a vitamin D level of at least 70 ng/ml is targeted.
Author: Dr. Stephanie Vergote
Member of Swiss Biohealth Academy
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2. zm-online. Hodgkin Lymphom: Vitamin-D-Mangel verschlechtert Überleben [Internet]. 2019. Available from: https://www.zm-online.de/news/gesellschaft/hodgkin-lymphom-vitamin-d-mangel-verschlechtert-ueberleben
3. Borchmann S, Cirillo M, Goergen H, Meder L, Sasse S, Kreissl S, Bröckelmann PJ, Tresckow B v., Fuchs M, Ullrich RT, Engert A. Pretreatment Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Impaired Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Hodgkin Lymphoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2019;JCO.19.00985. doi:10.1200/JCO.19.00985
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11. Flore R, Ponziani FR, Di Rienzo TA, Zocco MA, Flex A, Gerardino L, Lupascu A, Santoro L, Santoliquido A, Di Stasio E, Chierici E, Lanti A, Tondi P, Gasbarrini A. Something more to say about calcium homeostasis: the role of vitamin K2 in vascular calcification and osteoporosis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013;17(18):2433–40.
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16. Voulgaris N, Papanastasiou L, Piaditis G, Angelousi A, Kaltsas G, Mastorakos G, Kassi E. Vitamin D and aspects of female fertility. Hormones (Athens). 2017;16(1):5–21. doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1715
17. Al Mheid I, Patel R, Murrow J, Morris A, Rahman A, Fike L, Kavtaradze N, Uphoff I, Hooper C, Tangpricha V, Alexander RW, Brigham K, Quyyumi AA. Vitamin D status is associated with arterial stiffness and vascular dysfunction in healthy humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(2):186–92. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.051
18. Anderson JL, May HT, Horne BD, Bair TL, Hall NL, Carlquist JF, Lappé DL, Muhlestein JB. Relation of vitamin D deficiency to cardiovascular risk factors, disease status, and incident events in a general healthcare population. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(7):963–8. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.05.027
19. Dimova R, Tankova T, Chakarova N. Vitamin D in the Spectrum of Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction. J Nutr. 2017;147(9):1607–15. doi:10.3945/jn.117.250209
20. Szep Z, Guaraldi G, Shah SS, Lo Re V, Ratcliffe SJ, Orlando G, Carli F, Rossi R, Rochira V, Tebas P. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in HIV infection. AIDS. 2011;25(4):525–9. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e328342fdfd
21. Kamen DL, Tangpricha V. Vitamin D and molecular actions on the immune system: modulation of innate and autoimmunity. J Mol Med. 2010;88(5):441–50. doi:10.1007/s00109-010-0590-9
22. Cantorna MT, Zhao J, Yang L. Vitamin D, invariant natural killer T-cells and experimental autoimmune disease. Proc Nutr Soc. 2012;71(1):62–6. doi:10.1017/S0029665111003193
23. Wrzosek M, Łukaszkiewicz J, Wrzosek M, Jakubczyk A, Matsumoto H, Piątkiewicz P, Radziwoń-Zaleska M, Wojnar M, Nowicka G. Vitamin D and the central nervous system. Pharmacol Rep. 2013;65(2):271–8. doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71003-x
24. Holmøy T, Moen SM. Assessing vitamin D in the central nervous system. Acta Neurol Scand , Suppl. 2010;(190):88–92. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01383.x
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26. Wagner CL, Hollis BW. The Implications of Vitamin D Status During Pregnancy on Mother and her Developing Child. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9500. doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00500
27. Gombart AF. The vitamin D-antimicrobial peptide pathway and its role in protection against infection. Future Microbiol. 2009;4(9):1151–65. doi:10.2217/fmb.09.87
28. Berry DJ, Hesketh K, Power C, Hyppönen E. Vitamin D status has a linear association with seasonal infections and lung function in British adults. Br J Nutr. 2011;106(9):1433–40. doi:10.1017/S0007114511001991
29. Cantorna MT, Mahon BD. Mounting evidence for vitamin D as an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2004;229(11):1136–42. doi:10.1177/153537020422901108
30. Kočovská E, Gaughran F, Krivoy A, Meier U-C. Vitamin-D Deficiency As a Potential Environmental Risk Factor in Multiple Sclerosis, Schizophrenia, and Autism. Front Psychiatry. 2017;847. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00047
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32. Shanafelt TD, Drake MT, Maurer MJ, Allmer C, Rabe KG, Slager SL, Weiner GJ, Call TG, Link BK, Zent CS, Kay NE, Hanson CA, Witzig TE, Cerhan JR. Vitamin D insufficiency and prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2011;117(5):1492–8. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-07-295683
33. Lee HJ, Muindi JR, Tan W, Hu Q, Wang D, Liu S, Wilding GE, Ford LA, Sait SNJ, Block AW, Adjei AA, Barcos M, Griffiths EA, Thompson JE, Wang ES, Johnson CS, Trump DL, Wetzler M. Low 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels are associated with adverse outcome in newly diagnosed, intensively treated adult acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer. 2014;120(4):521–9. doi:10.1002/cncr.28368
34. Bittenbring JT, Neumann F, Altmann B, Achenbach M, Reichrath J, Ziepert M, Geisel J, Regitz E, Held G, Pfreundschuh M. Vitamin D deficiency impairs rituximab-mediated cellular cytotoxicity and outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with but not without rituximab. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(29):3242–8. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.53.4537
35. Ng K, Nimeiri HS, McCleary NJ, Abrams TA, Yurgelun MB, Cleary JM, Rubinson DA, Schrag D, Miksad R, Bullock AJ, Allen J, Zuckerman D, Chan E, Chan JA, Wolpin BM, Constantine M, Weckstein DJ, Faggen MA, Thomas CA, Kournioti C, Yuan C, Ganser C, Wilkinson B, Mackintosh C, Zheng H, Hollis BW, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS. Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Progression-Free Survival Among Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The SUNSHINE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019;321(14):1370–9. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.2402
36. Wu X, Hu W, Lu L, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Xiao Z, Zhang L, Zhang H, Li X, Li W, Wang S, Cho CH, Shen J, Li M. Repurposing vitamin D for treatment of human malignancies via targeting tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2019;9(2):203–19. doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.002
37. van Schoor N, Lips P. Global Overview of Vitamin D Status. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2017;46(4):845–70. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.002
38. Garland CF BCA. Disease Incidence Prevention by Serum 25(OH)D Level [Internet]. Available from: http://files.ctctcdn.com/25aa06fb001/cc1fc56c-f98d-42b3-98d1-d6e2f1cd4a65.jpg
39. Kim I-J, Lee H-S, Ju H-J, Na J-Y, Oh H-W. A cross-sectional study on the association between vitamin D levels and caries in the permanent dentition of Korean children. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18(1):43. doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0505-7
40. Schroth RJ, Rabbani R, Loewen G, Moffatt ME. Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Children. J Dent Res. 2016;95(2):173–9. doi:10.1177/0022034515616335
41. Kühnisch J, Thiering E, Kratzsch J, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Hickel R, Heinrich J. Elevated serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels are negatively correlated with molar-incisor hypomineralization. J Dent Res. 2015;94(2):381–7. doi:10.1177/0022034514561657
42. Bhargava A, Rastogi P, Lal N, Singhal R, Khatoon S, Ali Mahdi A. Relationship between VITAMIN D and chronic periodontitis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2019;9(2):177–9. doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2018.07.001
43. Meghil MM, Hutchens L, Raed A, Multani NA, Rajendran M, Zhu H, Looney S, Elashiry M, Arce RM, Peacock ME, Dong Y, Cutler CW. The influence of vitamin D supplementation on local and systemic inflammatory markers in periodontitis patients: A pilot study. Oral Dis. 2019;25(5):1403–13. doi:10.1111/odi.13097
44. Nørrisgaard PE, Haubek D, Kühnisch J, Chawes BL, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H. Association of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Enamel Defects in Offspring: A 6-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2019. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2545
45. Grenier D, Morin M-P, Fournier-Larente J, Chen H. Vitamin D inhibits the growth of and virulence factor gene expression by Porphyromonas gingivalis and blocks activation of the
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acak bir mikrop veya orada alevlenecek mikroplu bir iltihap, daha ciddi problemler doğurabilir. Bu gruptakilerin dişine daha fazla özen göstermesi lazım. Kalp hastalıklarının 7"de 1"i diş kaynaklıdır. Hastaneye gittiğinde hastalığın köküne kadar inilemiyor. Köküne kadar inildiğinde bunun kaynağının diş olduğu ortaya çıkacaktır. Bu bilimsel rakamdır. Kalp hastalıklarının 7"de 1"i diş orijinlidir. Hastaları hekime gitmeye alıştırmalıyız” diye konuştu.The main difference between a telescope and binoculars is that the telescope is an optical instrument which has a singular viewfinder and binoculars is an optical instrument that has two viewfinders instead of one.
Telescope vs. Binoculars
The telescope is an optical instrument that is made to see the far away objects. It has a singular viewfinder that allows one to see and interpret distant objects. Binoculars are also an optical enhancement device with two viewfinders instead of one. A telescope allows someone to see faraway objects with one eye as it has only one viewfinder. But a binocular allows one to see faraway objects using both eyes. It means that it provides a 3d image of the object. A telescope is so much heavy hence it is not portable. It has a bigger and powerful lens that is used to see further into the distance. Binoculars are smaller in size, portable, and have less powerful lenses that can only see up to a distance of a few feet. However, some special binoculars are more powerful than basic telescopes. The difference between telescopes and binoculars also lies in the manner in which they are usually used. Telescopes are ideal to look at stars and galaxies in our universe. Binoculars are ideally used for surveillance, bird watching, and animal watching on safaris. You will not get the same in-depth view with the binoculars as you can with a telescope. If you want to look at the deep sky objects and planets, then you will need to get a telescope. You can use binoculars with a tripod. It eliminates some of the ease of use benefit. You need to use a tripod to mount for perfect stability.
What is a Telescope?
The telescope is the optical enhancement device. It is purposely designed to use for the celestial observation (planets, stars, moon and other distant celestial objects). The high magnification of telescope power allows detailed observation. Its larger aperture/large lenses collect more light and allow us to view things even under lowlight situations. Telescopes are not easy to carry around as they are usually large and bulky as such. Telescopes are costly but are getting cheaper nowadays. Telescopes are monocular, which means that they are made of one eyepiece only. They watch far-away objects, especially celestial bodies and mountains. They are heavy and so are mounted on tripods. Their zoom of a telescope can range from 12x or 15x to 45x or 60x. The image seen with the telescope is in one plane and inverted. Classical telescopes are mainly designed for astronomical viewing. They have higher magnification and larger aperture. It makes them capable of viewing objects in low-light conditions and at the same time making you view fainter objects with greater detail. Hence, a telescope gives the best in-depth view and magnification. There are the following characteristics of telescopes:
- detailed viewing of celestial objects
- suitable for viewing in low light conditions
- cameras can be attached
- larger aperture
- need a fixed stationary set-up (tripod)
- not portable
- requires regular maintenance and adjusting
- monocular device (having a single eyepiece)
- telescopes come in three varieties; reflectors, refractors, and catadioptric
What are Binoculars?
Binoculars are an optical device used for most terrestrial observation. They are the set of two small telescopes mounted side-by-side pointing towards the same direction. Binoculars are relatively small and lightweight. They usually have an additional erecting lens. Binoculars are easy to use. You don’t need any manual or guide to use binoculars. Binoculars are compact and small enough o fit around one’s neck. So they are best to carry when going to long distances. They are not also much expensive. For those who prefer to have the usage of both eyes for stargazing, binoculars will be a better option. As their name suggests, binoculars have two eyepieces. Binoculars have a closer focal point and a wider view. It makes them suitable and ideal to use for surveillance. Binoculars are also used for spying. Law enforcement and private investigators use this device to view the subject and to monitor their activities from a distance. They are regarded as the standard tool for spying. Moreover, they are used for bird watching, hiking, and animal watching. Their zoom ranges from 4x 36x. Binoculars are mostly used for terrestrial objects, and also for astronomical purposes. They convey an image through two different types of mechanisms; roof prism, Porro prism. There are the following features of binoculars:
- easy to handle
- suitable for terrestrial viewing
- wide field of view
- closer focal point
- affordable and maintenance free
- not good for viewing in low light conditions
- no detailed viewing of celestial objects
- not suitable for astronomical viewing
- two eyepieces
- relatively small
- have less powerful lenses
- projects a clear 3-D image
- The telescope is an optical enhancement instrument that has a singular viewfinder whereas binoculars are also an optical enhancement device with two viewfinders instead of one.
- A telescope is stronger with the bigger and powerful lens on the flip side binoculars is smaller in size, and have less powerful lenses.
- Telescopes are usually large and heavy, so they are not portable conversely binoculars are portable due to their small size and lightweight.
- Telescopes are ideal to look at stars and galaxies in our universe; on the other hand; binoculars are ideally used for surveillance, bird watching, and animal watching on safaris.
- The more powerful lens of the telescope gives an in-depth view while binoculars have a less powerful lens that does not allow much in-depth view of distant things.
Telescope and binoculars are two optical enhancement devices. Both these devices are different from each other. Their difference lies in the way these optical devices are built and their intended use.1,561 injuries. Over half of attacks were against health-care facilities and another quarter against health-care workers. 62% of attacks intentionally targeted health-care services. These are the figures disclosed in a recently published World Health Organization (WHO) report, which looked at 19 countries experiencing emergencies between January 2014 and December 2015.
With those figures in mind, and health-care services continuously coming under attack, there is no denying that objectives like universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a real challenge. But important decisions taken during the 69th World Health Assembly (WHA) in May could make this challenge less daunting.
We asked Erin Kenney, from the WHO Emergency Programme, to explain how the Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030 could pave the way for protecting health care and countering violence.
Erin Kenney: On 27 May the member States of the WHA adopted this landmark strategy which sets out a vision to accelerate progress towards universal health coverage and the SDGs by ensuring equitable access to health workers within strengthened health systems. This issue is capital: we are seeing a rising global health workforce deficit and a mismatch between the supply, demand and population needs for health workers. Our models indicate that by 2030 the health workforce will be 18 million people short of the numbers needed to meet the SDGs and universal health coverage targets. The gap will be concentrated in low- and lower-middle-income countries.
If we want to achieve universal health coverage and the SDGs we have to break down barriers to the development of the health workforce, which are greatest in countries experiencing conflicts or other emergencies. There, challenges such as recruiting and retaining staff may be amplified by attacks against health care. Without a strong and resilient global health workforce we cannot meet our public health goals. And to achieve this we must first and foremost protect health-care workers from violence and create a safe working environment even – or especially – during conflicts and other emergencies. The WHA’s decision provides additional momentum and practical ways for States and the WHO to do just that, setting out four important policy areas and responsibilities:
The role of States
1. Reflecting United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 69/132 on Global health and foreign policy, the Global Strategy tasks member States with enhancing and promoting the safety and protection of health personnel and facilities and respect for professional codes of ethics. This includes universally recognized marking of health personnel, their means of transport and installations; education for health personnel, State employees and the general population; appropriate measures for the physical protection of health personnel, their means of transport and installations; and national legal frameworks (where warranted) to effectively address violence against them.
2. Member States are tasked with gaining a comprehensive overview of the health workforce, including by collecting data on obstruction, threats and physical attacks on health workers, and to set up national registries to this end.
The role of the WHO
3. The WHO should develop normative guidance, support research to identify evidence-based policy options, and facilitate technical cooperation when requested by member States and relevant stakeholders, including on preventive measures for the safety and protection of health workers.
4. The WHO is also responsible for adapting, integrating and linking the monitoring of Global Strategy targets to the emerging accountability framework of the SDGs and other UNGA resolutions. The WHO should assist States with the collection of data and submit a report on the protection of health workers, based on the experiences of Member States and presenting recommendations for action to be taken by relevant stakeholders, including appropriate preventive measures, as called for by UNGA Resolution 69/132.
Source : ICRCIt was great to hear this webinar with Danielle Capretti. “Hey, Kids! Let’s Put on a Show!” Theater in the English Language Classroom. She’s an expert on using drama and dance in EFL classes in countries around the world.
Moderator Katie took over during some technical difficulty on Danielle’s end and actually started the presentation. After a few minutes we were able to get started again. Danielle went through a lot of resources for young, secondary and adult classrooms. I’ve shared them below.
She covered the topics of
- choosing a text or script–student-written, teacher-written, free online, purchased. Others?
- casting for the parts–teacher chooses, volunteers, auditions. How else?
- preparation–table work (understanding the words and content) and blocking (moving through the play so the audience gets the most out of it.
- performance–do you have them memorize or do readers’ theater? Have them do warm-ups like breathing, exercise and tongue twisters. She had a lovely dramatic voice herself, and inspired me to practice enunciating, “The lips, the teeth, the tip of the tongue.” Finally, you can have them do a last minute speed run through–no blocking. Just the spoken lines, fast. If they can do this they should be ready.
Thanks to Danielle, Moderator Katie and Moderator Amy!
So, I’ll be checking out the resources and finding what drama I can do in my classroom very soon.
- American English website
- American Rhythms – music, lyrics and classroom activities
- The Best Resources on Using Drama in the Classroom by Larry Ferlazzo
- Royalty-Free One-Act Plays
- ESL Ideas: Using Abstract Drama Scripts in the drama, language and ESL Classroom
- Dr. Chase Young: Readers’ Theater Scripts
- Free Stage Play Scripts by D.M. Larson
- Aaron Shepard’s webpage
- Aaron’s Reader’s Theater Edition
- All Eugene O’Neill one-act plays are public domain.I Post sino alla prima settimana di febbraio 2011 sono relativi al mio congedo parentale.
Poi ci sono tutti quelli della normale vita di un papà italiano in Svezia fra famiglia e carriera.
Noto con piacere che lasciate le bambine libere di esprimersi nell'abbigliamento. Mi chiedo se sia sempre così o le lasciate fare sono nelle situazioni più informali, mentre nelle occasioni ufficiali, feste, visite ai parenti, o anche in Italia, le vestite invece voi?[已完結][限制級]白王后/白色女王 The White Queen 線上看 簡中英字幕 HR-HDTV
《白王后》(The White Queen)，為BBC電視台改編自菲利帕·格里高利的歷史小說The Cousins’ War系列（《白王后》、《紅王后》和《伯爵的女兒》組成）的十集迷你劇。故事的背景是屬於親戚的兩個家族蘭開斯特家族和約克家族在英國著名的”玫瑰戰爭”中爭奪王位。故事從已經開戰9年的1464年開始，講述了主角三個女人伊莉莎白·伍德維爾、里奇蒙和德比伯爵夫人瑪格麗特·博福特和安妮·內維爾捲入衝突後，追尋權利、操縱歷史的故事。三部小說每部單獨描寫一個人，而三人同時出現在電視劇中。
預告片：
(若影片、連結有任何問題請留言反映)
第一季امیر خجسته رئیس فراکسیون مبارزه با مفاسد اقتصادی، از ارسال نامهای به هیئت رئیسه مجلس خبر داد و اظهار داشت: در این نامه از آقای لاریجانی درخواست برگزاری جلسه غیرعلنی برای بررسی کارشناسی واردات قاچاق کالا از مبادی رسمی و غیررسمی، بحث فساد و همچنین وضعیت بازار ارز را مطرح کردم.
رئیس فراکسیون مبارزه با مفاسد اقتصادی با بیان اینکه این نامه دو ماه قبل به هیئت رئیسه مجلس ارائه شد، افزود: تاکنون زما
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گر اختلاف داشتند و در برخورد با شاه و امینی نیز رویکردهای متفاوتی اتخاذ کردند، در عین حال مسائل ساختاری نیز وجود داشت که بر سر آن هم با یکدیگر در جدال بودند. برخی همچون خنجی، صالح یا سنجابی در پی تشکیل حزب واحد بودند درحالیکه افرادی همچون بازرگان و داریوش فروهر میخواستند جبهه ملی به حالت ائتلافی چتری باقی بماند. اختلاف دیگر بر سر این بود که احزاب بیشتر قدرت داشته باشند یا افراد. علاوه بر این انتخاب استراتژی مثل فشار از پایین، چانهزنی در بالا، اینکه چه کسانی وارد مذاکره شوند و... هم مورد اختلاف بود. در دوره دیکتاتوری باید تصمیم گرفته شود که آیا میتوان با چانهزنی در بالا به نتیجه رسید؟ و اینکه چه تغییری بوجود میآورد؟ جناح رادیکال جبهه ملی که با شاه اختلاف داشتند و اصلاحات مهمتری میخواستند و نیروی خود را بر فشار از پایین بجای چانهزنی در بالا گذاشته بودند، موافق همکاری با امینی بودند، چرا که فکر میکردند در شکاف شاه و امینی میتوان با حمایت از امینی، شاه را تضعیف کرد. ولی اعضای شورای مرکزی یا کمیته اجرایی جبهه ملی به این نتیجه رسیدند که با امینی همکاری نکنند.
بهروز: جناحی که بر جبهه ملی غالب بود میخواست این جبهه را تبدیل به حزب کند. ولی از همه مهمتر اختلاف بین شاه و امینی را تشخیص ندادند، جز جناح اقلیت در جبهه ملی که سعی کردند آن پروژه را عملی کنند. در نظام شاهنشاهی آن زمان جنبشی اصلاحی در حال شکلگیری بود، ولی در وهله اول این اصلاحات باید تشخیص داده شود، باید تشخیص میدادند که اختلاف بین کدام نهادهای حاکمیت است و چگونه میتوان از آن استفاده کرد؟ این گروهها باید تشخیص میدادند که چقدر نیرو دارند و از قدرت بسیج مردم برخوردارند؟ در واقع تشکیلاتی که نیرویی نداشته باشد، نتواند مردم را گرد آورد، چگونه میخواهد در معادلات تاثیر فائقه بگذارد؟ بنابراین جبهه ملی مخصوصا جناح خنجی عملا در مقابل امینی ایستادند و با تشخیص ندادن اصلاحات عملا به جناح دربار کمک کردند. حال اگر امینی اصلاحطلبی قوی نبود و یا اقداماتش دارای اشکال بود، این را توجیه نمیکند که امینی را در مقابل دربار تضعیف کنند. سیاست درست تقویت امینی در مقابل دربار بود که باعث میشد بازگشت دیکتاتوری به عقب بیافتد و در اینصورت و طولانی شدن دوره تنفس سیاسی در ایران امکانی برای ارتباط با مردم و سازماندهی آنها فراهم میشد. درحالیکه جبهه ملی این را تشخیص نداد و این در تاریخ ایران مسبوق به سابقه است که وقتی جنبش اصلاحی آغاز میشود بجای مساله آزادی، بحث اصلاحطلبان و فشار بر آنها مطرح میشود تا حدی که آزادی، اصلاحطلبان و دیگر نیروها را بر میچینند.
خانم دکتر سیاوشی شما هم بر این باور هستید که جبهه ملی با تضعیف امینی به تقویت دربار کمک کرد؟
سیاوشی: من نمیخواهم از جبهه ملی دفاع کنم ولی موضوعی که شاید در فهم این مساله کمک کند که چرا آنها در تشخیص شرایط و لزوم دفاع از امینی ناتوان بودند، اینست که سران سنتی جبهه ملی از ابتدای امر بر انتخابات آزاد و حکومت قانونی تمرکز کردند. امینی هم به درستی هم سنا و هم مجلس شورای ملی را بخاطر اینکه تعداد زیادی از نمایندگانشان از فئودالها بودند، منحل کرد و اگر انتخاباتی برگزار میشد باز همین طبقه در انتخابات مانعتراشی میکردند. اما جبهه ملی تمام هم و غم خود را بر انتخابات آزاد گذاشته بود. انتخابات در واقع تبدیل شده بود به پرنسیبی برای این گروه که امکان عدول از آن وجود نداشت و با تاکید امینی بر انحلال مجلسین، اکثریت سران جبهه دچار مشکل شدند. جبهه ملی نتوانست شعار جدیدی خلق کند و اگر از شعار انتخابات آزاد هم صرفنظر میکردند، از نظر اخلاقی در تنگنا قرار میگرفتند اما این سیاست در واقعیت و از نظر پراگماتیک به شاه کمک کرد. علاوه بر آن تعداد زیادی از اعضای جبهه ملی فکر میکردند آمریکا تصمیمگیرنده است و میخواستند بگویند ما بهتر از امینی میتوانیم حکومت قانون را برقرار کنیم و به همین جهت به مسائل داخلی ایران و قوای محرکه جامعه زیاد توجه نداشتند.
بهروز: اینکه انتخابات آزاد و حکومت قانونی یکی از درخواستهای گروههای سیاسی باشد کاملا قابل فهم است ولی اینکه کل حرکت سیاسی بر این خواسته متمرکز شود و بعد از آن دچار تنگنای اخلاقی شوند نشان از بیدرایتی رهبری گروه دارد. در آن دوره اکثریت جمعیت ایران خارج از شهرها زندگی میکردند، در انتخابات تقلب میشد، زنان به عنوان نصف جمعیت جامعه حق رای نداشتند، حتی در سالی که ایران توسط متفقین اشغال شد یکی از دغدغههای مصدق اصلاح انتخابات بود و میگفت روند انتخابات به این شکل که اربابان، رعیت را برای دادن رای میآورند و در مجلس تقلب میک
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对人性进行深入的探索，反思自身。
本剧采用虚实结合的舞台效果，并加入了中国传统元素，富有更好的艺术效应。
人到底是一种怎样的存在？面对万丈红尘，人性又会做出怎样的抉择？
2019年10月25日和26日，相约昌邑剧院，我们不见不散！
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ebubekir sifil'in şu sıralar konferanslarda dillendirdiği bir uyarı olsa da, özellikle son 100 yıldır çok sayıda din adamı tarafından dile getirilmiş bir söylem.
kur'an meali okumanın, kur'an okumakla bir olmadığı gibi, kur'an'ı yanlış anlamaya yol açabileceği, kur'an (ve özellikle kur'an meali) okuyarak din öğrenilemeyeceği altyapısı ile servis edilen bu "hüküm", meal okumanın "sağlam bir dini altyapınız yoksa, kişiyi dinden çıkarabileceği" uyarısıyla süsleniyor.
şöyle ki:
"illa meal okuyacağım" diyenlere tavsiyem, önce itikad ve amel planında sağlam bir altyapı edinsinler; kendilerini garantiye alsınlar. bunun üstüne yapacakları meal okumalarında da "farklılık arayışı" olarak ifade ettiğim zihnî sürecin sahte cazibesine kapılmadan, amele ve ihlasa dönüştürebilecekleri pasajlara ağırlık versinler." diyor ebubekir sifil.
cübbeli ahmed hoca da benzer şeyler söylüyor; "kur'an meali kur'an değildir, ondan din öğrenilmez. bu yüzden tefsirsiz meal okumayın"...
bir kuşağın islam'ı öğrendiği seadet-i ebediyye isimli dev ilmihalde de yazar; "kur'an meali kur'an değildir. meal okuyarak din öğrenilmez"...
müslüman olmakla "dinci" olmak arasındaki fark nedir diye sorarsanız, gayet rahatlıkla bu hükmü örnek gösterebilirim. insanlara; "kur'an meali okumayın, okuyacaksanız da önce iman ve itikadınızı geliştirin, kendinizi garantiye alın, sonra okuyun" demek ne demektir?
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ya arapça öğrenin ya ruhban sınıfı olmadığı söylenen dindeki ruhban sınıfının yalanlarına kanın şeklindeki açıklamadır...
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yıllar önce yaptığım "kuran'ın tamamını okuyanların ateist olması" tespitinin islam alimleri tarafından da desteklendiğini bana gösteren temenni.
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fethullah hoca da, hemen hemen aynı şeyi savunuyor:
"... arapça bilmeyenlere gelince, ben şahsen onların meâl okumalarını tavsiye etmem..... kur'ân'ı okudukları meâllerden ibaret zannedenler için, böyle bir meâl okuma, kur'ân'la hiç ilgilenmemeden daha tehlikelidir...." kaynak
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- yada amaaan siktir edin ikisinide dogmalarla vakit kaybetmeyelim şarap içelim aşkla dolalım. diye devam edesi söz öbeğidir.
(bkz: ve hayyam dostum)
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kuran'ın sadece araplara gönderildiği gerçeğini yüzümüze tokat gibi çarpan açıklama.
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az bucuk inanan birisi olarak allaha hakaret saydığım cümledir. yaratıcının bir metni olacak oratada ve bu metin başka bir yaratılmışın tefsirine muhtaç hemi ? hadi ordan. inanmam daha iyi.
3 yıl sonra gelen edit. (bkz: inanmıyorum)
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tüm islam alimlerinin sık sık dile getirdiği bir söylemdir.
peki kuran bu konuda ne der?
duhan suresi 58. ayet: biz onu (kuran'ı), öğüt alalar diye senin dilinde indirerek kolayca anlaşılmasını sağladık.
yusuf suresi 1 ve 2. ayetler: elif. lam. ra. bunlar, apaçık kitab'ın ayetleridir. anlayasınız diye biz onu arapça bir kur'an olarak indirdik.
zuhruf suresi 2 ve 3. ayetler: apaçık kitab'a andolsun ki. biz, anlayıp düşünmeniz için onu arapça bir kur'an kıldık.
bu ayetlere göre kuran tüm insanlık tarafından kolayca anlaşılsın diye apaçık olarak gönderilmiş. sen bana dersen ki "allah o kadar iyi anlatamamış, ben sana toparlar anlatırım", ben de sana "bi siktir git" derim.
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yanılgıya düşmemek, bu sözün küçük bir azınlık tarafından dile getirildiğini sanmamak adına devam edelim:
islam fıkhı konusunda yaşayan en muteber kişilerden biri ve uzun yıllardır türkiye gazetesi'nde insanların dini sorularına cevap veren bir otorite olan mehmet ali demirbaş diyor ki:
tercümesinde hiç hata olmasa bile meale "allah kelamı" denmez. kur’an-ı kerimin başka dillere yapılan çevirmelerine kur'an denmez. bunlara, kur’an-ı kerimin meali denir. bunlar, kur'an diye okunamaz. bunları, kur'an diye okumak sevap olmaz, günah olur. ibni hacer-i mekki hazretleri buyuruyor ki: "kur’an-ı kerim tercümesini, kur’an-ı kerim yerine okumak haramdır." [fetava-i fıkhiyye s. 37]
kur'an-ı kerim hiçbir dile, hatta arapça’ya bile tercüme edilemez. herhangi bir şiirin bile, tam tercümesine imkan yoktur. ancak izah edilebilir. kur'an-ı kerimin manası tercümeden anlaşılmaz. bir âyetin manasını anlamak demek, allahü teâlânın, bu âyette ne demek istediğini anlamak demektir. bu âyetin herhangi bir tercümesini okuyan, murad-ı ilahiyi öğrenemez. tercüme edenin, bilgi derecesine göre anlamış olduğunu öğrenir.
hangi tercüme olursa olsun, hiçbir kur'an tercümesinden din öğrenilemez. dinini öğrenmesi için bir kimsenin eline, en uygun tercümeyi vermek, okyanus ortasında bulunan insana bir tahta parçası vermekten daha kötüdür. çünkü bu tahta parçası ile insan sahile çıkamayacağı için ölür, imanlı ise cennete gider. fakat tercüme ile din öğrenmeye kalkışan, imanını kaybedip cehenneme düşebilir.
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nükleomegali ile etiketlenmiş makalelere, videolara ve cevaplara buradan ulaşabilirsiniz.
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Mrb hocam çok endişeliym acil cevap verirsenz sevinirim..
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Bu sıra dışı tutulma videosunda üç şeye dikkat edin. İlk olarak, Güneş’i gittikçe daha fazla örtmek için sağdan yaklaşan büyük bir karanlık daireyi izleyin. Bu karanlık daire Ay ve video asıl olarak geçtiğimiz haftaki bu parçalı Güneş tutulmasını yakalamak için oluşturuldu. Ardından, büyük bir prominansın Güneş’in kenarı üzerinde süzülüp parıldamasına bakın. Yakın bir bakış, aslında Güneş’e doğru geri düştüğünü gösterecektir. Prominans, Güneş’in değişen manyetik alanı tarafından geçici olarak yukarıda tutulan sıcak plazmadan meydana geliyor. Son olar
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: Anti-radyasyon teknolojimiz, yalnızca bir taraftaki kablosuz elektromanyetik radyasyondan (Kesenin arkası, telefonunuz ve vücudunuz arasında) korur, böylece zararlı EMF radyasyonunu vücudunuzdan uzaklaştırabilirsiniz-telefon alımına, işlevine veya pil ömrüne müdahale etmeden. 2 KASA BOYUTU SEÇENEĞİ : Bu cüzdan boyutunda telefon çantası, 6.75” boyunda x 3.75” genişliğinde, 2.75" genişliğe kadar telefonlar/kılıflar için tasarlanmış ve siyah, mavi, yeşil, turuncu, mor ve kırmızı renklerde mevcut olan normaldir.Daha büyük XL boyutunda da mevcuttur.ERKEKLER, kadınlar ve çocuklar için ideal : Bu taşınabilir radyasyon koruyucu, yüksek kaliteli, şık neoprenden yapılmıştır ve bir kemere sahiptir loop.It cebine sığacak kadar bile ince!Bu kese, EMF radyasyonundan endişe duyan herkes için gereklidir.Bu radyasyon engelleyici, her yaştan çocuklar ve yetişkinler için mükemmel bir güvenlik aracıdır.Vücudunuzu ve üreme organlarınızı zararlı kablosuz emf'den korumak için kullanın radiation.It mükemmel bir hediye yapar ve dayanacak şekilde inşa edilmiştir.GERÇEK BİLİM ve ÖMÜR BOYU GARANTİ : SYB, EMF Telefon Kılıfını icat etti ve ömür boyu garanti sunuyor.Daha düşük kaliteli rakiplere güvenmeyin veya herhangi bir bilimsel kanıt olmadan EMF radyasyonunu uyumlu hale getirdiğini veya etkisiz hale getirdiğini iddia eden kolye, çıkartma veya takılar gibi EMF ürünleri tarafından kandırılmayın.Telefon Kılıfımız, vücudunuzu EMF radyasyonundan korumak için evrensel olarak kabul edilmiş ve bilimsel olarak doğrulanmış ilkeleri kullanır.Her Kesenin arkası, bir kalkan oluşturan süper ince bir metalik elyaf ağı ile kaplanmıştır.Cep telefonları ve akıllı telefonlar günlük hayatımızın ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır.Kompakttırlar, kullanımı kolaydır ve çeşitli amaçlar için kullanılabilirler.Ancak, bu telefonların bir dezavantajı var.Uzun vadede insan vücuduna zarar verebilecek zararlı radyasyon yayarlar.SYB bunu anlıyor, bu yüzden SYB Telefon Kılıfını yarattık : radyasyon emisyonlarını vücudunuzdan uzaklaştırarak telefonunuzu taşımayı daha güvenli hale getiren neopren bir EMF koruma kılıfı.Telefon Kılıfımız hücresel radyasyona maruz kalmanızı %99'a kadar azaltır, böylece vücudunuzu ve üreme organlarınızı zararlı kablosuz EMF / emr'den korur.Kese, yalnızca bir tarafında özel bir anti-radyasyon korumasına sahiptir– Kesenin arkası, telefon ile vücudunuz arasında oturur– böylece cep telefonunuzun alımına müdahale etmez veya pilinizi boşaltmaz.Ayrıca, telefonu kolayca içeri ve dışarı kaydırmanızı sağlayan minimalist, şık ve kullanışlı bir tasarıma sahiptir.Kese ayrıca telefonunuzu taşımanızı kolaylaştıran bir kemer kasnağı içerir.SYB Telefon Kılıfı, koruyucu ve kullanışlı yapısı nedeniyle hayatınıza ideal bir ektir.به گزارش سلامت نیوز، به نوشته نشریه پزشكی "ارمغان دانش"، وجود مقدار كافی ریزمغذّی كلسیم در برنامه غذایی افراد، مقدار كلسترول خون آنان را كاهش می دهد.
نتیجه بررسی اخیر پژوهشگران دانشگاه علوم پزشكی تهران درباره تعدادی موش آزمایشگاهی نشان می دهد: با افزایش مقدار كلسیم دریافتی در رژیم غذایی روزانه، مقدار كلسترول خون كاهش می یابد كه این امر در كاهش خطر بروز بیماری های قلبی سودمند خواهد بود.Giurisprudenza
La giurisprudenza è lo studio e la teoria di legge. Gli studiosi in giurisprudenza, anche conosciuta come teorici legali (compreso filosofi legali e teorici sociali di legge), sperano di ottenere una comprensione più profonda della natura di legge, di ragionamento legale, sistemi legali e di istituzioni legali. La giurisprudenza moderna cominciò nel 18esimo secolo e fu focalizzata sui primi principi della legge naturale, il diritto civile e la legge di nazioni. La giurisprudenza generale può esser rotta in categorie sia dal tipo di studiosi di domanda cercano di rispondere sia dalle teorie di giurisprudenza o le scuole di pensiero, riguardo a come meglio rispondono a quelle domande. La filosofia contemporanea di legge, che affronta la giurisprudenza generale, si rivolge a problemi in due gruppi ruvidi:
- Problemi interni a sistemi di giurisprudenza e legali come tale.
- I problemi di legge come un'istituzione sociale particolare siccome è collegato alla più grande situazione politica e sociale in cui esiste.
Le risposte a queste domande vengono da quattro scuole elementari di pensiero in giurisprudenza generale:
- La legge naturale è l'idea che ci sono limiti oggettivi razionali al potere di governatrici legislative. Le fondazioni di legge sono accessibili attraverso ragione umana e è da queste leggi di natura che le leggi create dagli esseri umani ottengono qualsiasi forza che hanno.
- Il positivismo legale, per contrasto con legge naturale, ritiene che non c'è connessione necessaria tra legge e moralità e che la forza di legge viene da alcuni fatti sociali fondamentali. positivists legali differiscono su quali quei fatti sono.
- Il realismo legale è una terza teoria di giurisprudenza che sostiene che la pratica di mondo reale di legge è quello che determina quale la legge è; la legge ha la forza che fa a causa quello che i legislatori, i giudici e i dirigenti fanno con lei. Gli approcci simili sono stati sviluppati in molti modi diversi in sociologia di legge.
- Gli studi legali critici sono una teoria più giovane di giurisprudenza che si è sviluppata dagli anni 1970. È originalmente una tesi negativa che ritiene che la legge è in gran parte contraddittoria, e può esser meglio analizzata come un'espressione degli scopi di politica del gruppo sociale dominante.
Anche di nota è il lavoro del Filosofo contemporaneo di Legge Ronald Dworkin che ha difeso una teoria constructivist di giurisprudenza che può esser caratterizzata come un sentiero medio tra teorie naturali di giurisprudenza e teorie positiviste di giurisprudenza generale.
Un campo relativamente nuovo ulteriore è conosciuto come giurisprudenza terapeutica, preoccupata dell'effetto di processi legali su benessere e salute mentale.
Il termine inglese è basato sulla parola latina jurisprudentia: lo juris è la forma genitiva di jus il significato di "legge", e prudentia significa "la prudenza" (anche: discrezione, previdenza, previdenza, circospezione; si riferisce all'esercizio di buon giudizio, buonsenso, e perfino metta in guardia, particolarmente nella condotta di questioni pratiche). La parola è prima attestata nell'inglese nel 1628, nel momento in cui la prudenza di parola ebbe il significato adesso obsoleto di "conoscenza di o abilità in una questione". La parola può esser venuta via la giurisprudenza francese, che è attestata ancora prima.
Storia di giurisprudenza
La giurisprudenza indiana antica è disponibile in vari testi Dharmaśāstra che cominciano da Dharmasutra di Bhodhayana. La giurisprudenza già ebbe questo significato in Roma Antica anche se alle sue origini la disciplina fu (il periti) nello jus di mos maiorum (la legge tradizionale), un insieme di leggi orali e dogana verbalmente trasmessa "da padre a figlio". I pretori hanno istituito un corpo di leggi realizzabile facendo da giudice se i casi singolari sono stati capaci di esser perseguiti dall'edicta, la pronuncia annuale di offesa prosecutable, o in situazioni straordinarie, le aggiunte fatte all'edicta. Un iudex allora giudicherebbe un rimedio secondo i fatti del caso.
Si ha supposto che le loro proposizioni fossero interpretazioni semplici della dogana tradizionale, ma efficacemente è stata un'attività che, in disparte da in modo formale riconsiderazione per ogni caso quello che precisamente è stato per tradizione nelle abitudini legali, presto girate anche verso un'interpretazione più equa, coerentemente adattando la legge ai più nuovi casi sociali. La legge è stata allora attuata con nuovo Institutiones evolutive (i concetti legali), rimanendo nello schema tradizionale. I pretori furono sostituiti nel 3o secolo A.C. da un corpo laical di prudentes. L'ammissione a questo corpo è stata condizionale su prova di competenza o esperienza.
Sotto l'Impero romano, le scuole di legge furono create, e l'attività costantemente diventò più accademica. Nell'età dal primo Impero romano al 3o secolo, una letteratura relativa fu prodotta da alcuni gruppi notabili compreso Proculians e Sabinians. La profondità scientifica degli studi fu senza precedenti in tempi antichi.
Dopo del 3o secolo, Juris prudentia diventò un'attività più burocratica, con pochi autori notabili. È stato durante l'Impero romano Orientale (il 5o secolo) che gli studi legali sono stati ancora una volta intrapresi approfonditamente, e è da questo movimento culturale che il Corpus di Justinian Juris Civilis è stato nato.
Legge naturale
La teoria naturale di giurisprudenza asserisce che ci sono leggi che sono immanenti in natura, a cui le leggi decretate devono corrispondere il più strettamente possibile. Questa vista è frequentemente riassunta dalla massima una legge ingiusta non è una legge vera, lex iniusta non il preventivo lex, in quello che 'ingiusto' è definito come al contrario di legge naturale. La legge naturale è strettamente associata con moralità e, in versioni storicamente influenti, con le intenzioni di Dio. Per semplificare eccessivamente i suoi concetti piuttosto, la teoria naturale di giurisprudenza tenta di identificare una bussola morale per guidare il potere legislativo dello stato e promuovere 'il bene'. Le nozioni di un ordine morale oggettivo, esterno a sistemi legali umani, sono alla base di legge naturale. Quello che ha
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and his students came from the Shotokan...
The Shotokai now owns the Central Dojo – Hombu Dojo of which Master Shigeru Egami is the head.
The difference in method is profound; we try to be as natural as possible. The body cannot be separated from the spirit. If the spirit cannot be controlled the body can never be controlled. The body must be natural and open and the spirit always ready.
In the following years Sensei Murakami spreads Shotokai throughout many European and non-European countries. He manages to create several associations in every country and thus becomes a very strong point of reference for Shotokai.
By many considered an introvert and a cold man, in truth he is very meditative and in continuous technical evolution, in constant search, by means of his lean and agile body full of energy, of the essence of Karate-Do traditional Shotokai.
In his private life he is a lover of pipe smoking, classical music, coffee, his pet poodle and his Toyota. Together with his wife Nieves and his son Hiroshi, once a year in July he organises the fabulous International Workshop in Sérignan where hundreds of followers flock to from all over the world.
In 1986, already a very sick man, he organises a memorable trip to Japan with his delegation of European followers where he and his students present European Shotokai to the Japanese.
This is the last time that he will wear his Karategi as soon after his illness will get worse and after much suffering he will pass away on 24 January 1987, leaving an immeasurable emptiness among his disciples.投票给 小姐电子游戏平台chinquetta d。刘易斯 对于乌木顶部10 HBCU皇后
电子游戏的大学生涯公平2018
电子游戏平台项目：“干净的街道”
清洁社区一条街，在一个时间。
周一，2018年1月15日上午9点//。
Meet @ E.J. Oliver Blvd & Valley Road
（在地下道电子游戏帐幕）
电子游戏学院成立于1898年。它是坐落在美丽的35英亩的阿拉巴马州伯明翰市的土地权之外的小型私人文科院校，约1800名学生。 我们完全认可，并提供度在六个学部28个不同
在过去的20年里，学术界已经目睹了从只印刷期刊文章电子版期刊文章的转变。今天，图书馆毫不犹豫地购买杂志了仅在打印用，因为格式不符合顾客的需求和期望。
电子游戏的大学每年的圣诞树亮灯和“新建筑的开放 屋“下午6:00 2013年12月3日
人文展示高校电子游戏2013年11月21日上午9:30皮尔森厅〜树林礼堂 展柜Come persona in cerca di lavoro, non dovresti trascurare l’importanza di una lettera di presentazione. Se scritto in modo strategico, aumenta le tue possibilità di considerazione e offre l’opportunità di evidenziare la tua individualità.
Una lettera di presentazione è molto più che affermare: “Ho letto l’annuncio di lavoro su ABC Job Board, per favore accetta questa lettera come domanda di interesse”. È una dichiarazione che dice al lettore cosa può aspettarsi da te se assunto, fornendo anche i motivi per cui sei interessato a lavorare specificamente per la loro organizzazione.
La parte difficile è determinare quali informazioni includere. Dopotutto, tutte le informazioni succose sono delineate nel curriculum. Cosa potresti aggiungere alla lettera di presentazione che aggiungerà sostanza alle tue qualifiche?
Tieni presente che il curriculum e la lettera hanno scopi diversi. Un curriculum dimostra che puoi fare il lavoro, mette in evidenza i tuoi risultati passati, mentre una lettera di presentazione indica la misura in cui soddisfi i requisiti di lavoro per un’azienda specifica e come ti adatterai.
Una lettera ben scritta ti dà un vantaggio rispetto alla concorrenza perché offre un’altra opportunità per mostrare la tua esperienza e qualifiche.
Le basi della lettera di presentazione possono essere padroneggiate seguendo i suggerimenti di seguito.
Vendere! Vendere! Vendere!
Una lettera di presentazione è più di una semplice lettera commerciale; è una lettera di vendita. Inizia con un’introduzione forte, struttura i vantaggi che offri e crea credibilità mettendo in mostra i tuoi risultati.
Scrivi mentre parli.
Usa un tono colloquiale professionale, ma suona come se l’avesse scritto una persona reale. Molte persone cadono nella trappola di usare parole grosse per comunicare e la scrittura risulta artificiosa. Invece, scrivi in modo diretto che invogli il lettore a rivedere il curriculum. Le parole che scegli dovrebbero dimostrare entusiasmo per la posizione, l’azienda e l’industria.
Scrivi dal punto di vista del lettore.
Le parole d’azione non devono essere riservate al curriculum. Inizia tante frasi con una parola potente. Non usare una voce passiva. Dal momento che è una lettera di presentazione, sarà impossibile evitare di usare “I” come inizio di una frase di tanto in tanto, ma sii consapevole del tuo utilizzo e limitalo a pochi. Se hai quattro frasi di fila che iniziano con la lettera “I”, mescolalo.
Non rielaborare il tuo curriculum.
Sii creativo quando presenti le tue qualifiche e risultati. Non vuoi annoiare il lettore semplicemente ripetendo le informazioni che hai incluso nel tuo curriculum. Trova modi diversi per comunicare lo stesso messaggio. Il modo migliore per farlo è selezionare da tre a cinque punti vendita principali ed evidenziarli nel corpo della lettera di presentazione. In questo modo invoglierai il lettore a fare di più che dare un’occhiata al tuo curriculum.
Dovresti usare ogni strumento a tua disposizione per assicurarti un colloquio. Le lettere di presentazione mirate si aggiungono al tuo portafoglio di qualifiche e meritano la stessa considerazione di un curriculum.The ethnographic literature of the 20th century focused mainly on the sculptural traditions of the numerous ethnic groups that populated Southern Nigeria while the more northern areas remained largely terra incognita.
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In 2013 Jan Strybol published a study on the sculpture of Northern Nigeria. He pointed out that in many parts of this region there are peoples who still had, at least until recently, their own sculptural tradition.
In the present study the author restricted himself to what is referred to as the Middle Belt and especially to the part between the Bauchi Plateau, the Gongola River and the Katsina Ala River. In 1974 Roy Sieber pointed out that, with a few exceptions, the peoples who were members of the Niger-Congo language family laid the foundations for the great African sculptural traditions south of the Sahara.
However, the largest group of iconophite peoples in the Central Middle Belt of Nigeria is to be found in the Chadic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. In this book of objects from private collections the author shows the great variety of the sculptures of the Middle Belt. This study mainly deals with wooden figures but also contains four wooden masks and three bronzes.
Recently viewed itemsWhen you’re trying to support your child in their literacy journey, it can be hard to know what to do, especially if you don’t have a background in education. An effective way to help them become better readers is to understand what their reading level is, and then to challenge them just enough that they learn, but not so much that they get too frustrated and give up (in the education world, this is called scaffolding).
Finding Your Child's Reading Level
If you’re not able to get your child’s reading level from their teacher, you can assess your child yourself with the simple Assessment. This test will tell you what your child can read independently, what they can read with help, and what will be too frustrating to read. Once you know this, you can pick out books at the appropriate level for your child to read alone and for you to read together. A good way to tell if a book is on your child’s reading level is to ask comprehension questions after each page; most kids can begin answering comprehension questions around preschool or kindergarten. As they continue through school, most kids can begin reading chapter books by age seven.
Why are We Dumbing Down?
This seems like a pretty simple process, but we often see that students’ reading material gets dumbed down--why? When school populations exploded around the turn of the 20th century, teachers had to figure out a way to reach students of different reading levels. In an effort to keep students engaged, teachers began trading out the classics for books that they thought students would like. An unfortunate side effect of this is that it inherently caused the average reading level of texts to decline. Where most of the texts 11th graders used to read were at an 11th grade level, now they average around a 6th grade level, according to Dumbing Down What Students Read Didn’t Make Them Any Smarter by Sandra Stotsky.
Staying on Reading Level
The article also notes that parents and families are able to have even more influence on children than their teachers and schools. However, have you been unintentionally dumbing down your child’s reading as well? A challenging aspect of teaching your child to read is that scaffolding piece. They will sometimes get frustrated, and it’s easier to stick with books they know and enjoy than to challenge them with books that are a little bit harder. When you do this though, you’re not helping your child learn or increase their reading level.
To combat this, try to challenge your child’s reading by helping them read books that are a little above their level on topics they are interested in, as this will make them more likely to want to read. Then, you can help them vary their reading topics with texts that are at their independent reading level. This will help them learn through reading about varied topics, and it can help them increase their fluency because the reading will come easy to them.
Another helpful tool is Reading Genie. Our after school reading program, provides a free comprehensive reading assessment. In this assessment we can tell you if your child is struggling with language arts, phonics, reading comprehension and other reading skills or if they are on target. We will then create an individualized curriculum to help bring them to the next level, no matter where they start.When I encounter these two, I usually don't have a problem understanding their meaning in the given context.
Still, I don't really know what makes them different from each other xD
-なくて still is relatively easy for me to determine, since its the negated て form.
"Not liking that person, I go meet him/her."
I can't really determine what ないで is though, and therefore the difference between the two isn't completely clear to me.
"I wanted to study abroad, but I was told by my mother that she wishes that I don't go."
So I do see that it is something along the lines of negation, but I still can't thoroughly classify it's exact form and function :Dخبرگزاری ایسنا: رئیس کمیته سلامت شورای شهر تهران بر لزوم جمع آوری مخازن زباله در شهر پایتخت تاکید کرد.
ناهید خدا کرمی در واکنش به درخواست دبیر کل ستاد مبارزه با مواد مخدر برای ورود پلیس به ساماندهی زبالهگردها و لزوم تهیه لباس و ساماندهی آنها گفت: ساماندهی زباله گردها، یک مسئله چند بعدی است و باید پیشنهادات برای ساماندهی بررسی شود اما بهترین روش برای کنترل و ساماندهی زباله گردی در پایتخت این است که سطلهای زباله از خیابانها جمع آوری شود و تفکیک زباله از مبدا، در دستور کار قرار گیرد.
وی با بیان اینکه امید است در طرح جامع پسماند، جمع آوری مخازن زباله به عنوان یک راهکار قید شود، گفت: اما یک واقعیت است که زباله گردها از روی نیاز و نه تفریح زبالهها را جمع اوری میکنند و میتوان ضمن جمع آوری سطلهای زباله، با راه اندازی مراکز جدید پسماند از این افراد زباله گرد در چارچوب قانون استفاده کرد تا معا�
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带一路项目。项目所在地是干旱地区，且有严重的人象冲突，当地居民深受其扰。“人象和平项目2021”是由当地政府部门与中国林业局共同发起的一个绿色一带一路项目，它也许能够帮助我们找到更好的研究方案来解决这个危机。绿色一带一路有三方面的解决方案，其中一个是“绿色基建”。我们希望能够筹集5-20万美元的资金完成研究，以求找到这些项目的优缺点。目前项目已开始运营，我们希望开发更多更有针对性的项目，以帮助当地绿色发展，保护大象。我们也希望带来更大的可持续能源和环境工程类的投资，建立国际社会和当地政府沟通的桥梁。
感谢大家的聆听。Archdaily
翻译：建筑学院-阮如安
原文链接
校对：建筑学院-吴雪
这座滨海度假别墅位于希腊圣托里尼海岛上一个名叫菲拉斯特凡尼的传统小镇中。
现存有两栋左右相邻的洞穴式住宅，嵌在火山泥土内，本次项目的度假别墅就是改造自这两座住宅来供旅客们使用。
改造方案在第二栋住宅立面的前方加设了一小块地方，于是在两座住宅正前方设置了一个小院子，里面有两个游泳池，池边凸起，高于露台标高和泳池入池口标高。
院子可以合并成一个使用，也可以通过一道与院子同宽的推拉门被分隔成两个私有部分单独使用。
左侧的住宅面积达110平方米左右，内部由起居室、厨房、餐厅、带有客卫的小型卧室、带有主卫的主卧室、洗浴区域、桑拿室、土耳其式浴室以及可以进行按摩和休闲放松的空间构成。
第二座住宅位于右侧，其中厨房和就餐区设置在最前方，后面是客厅、主卧室、开放式空间布局的衣帽间和卫生间，总占地面积在70平方米左右。
该项目的设计意图是创建两个风格完全不同的洞穴式住宅，可以说最好能达到大相径庭的效果。左侧进深较大的住宅被改造成具有原始氛围，幽深狭小且富有雕塑感的空间。
笔直的线条和直挺的体量与洞穴住宅内光滑的曲线形成鲜明的对比，在空间中创造出一种微妙的奇异感。这些建筑体量仿佛是用从洞内挖出来的剩余泥土制成的，用更具有动态感的手法塑造出一种错综复杂的“魔幻迷宫”。在地板和墙面上使用相似的色调和材质有利于在内部空间中形成一种连续性，更好地表达出曲线造型和随机的洞穴形式。室内最终采用大地色调，并且从外到内随着空间进深的增大一步步变得越来越深，直到最尽头处变成深灰色。
某些部分采用的弧墙仿佛是几层薄薄的“皮肤”，可以通过各种各样不同的颜色照亮。大部分的家具都是定制的固定构件，是组成这个“蚕茧”的一部分。
引起感官体验和神秘性的空间在几件大理石和木材制成的家具烘托下氛围营造更胜一筹，这些家具使用基本形状组合而成，且设计的比例尺度各不相同。
从房间内可以看向火山，甚至可以看到明亮的火山口，室内的昏暗色彩与庭院中的明亮耀眼形成另一种对比。
第二座住宅采用了另一种设计手法。这个方案的中心思想是将老旧的洞穴改造成具有未来感的创新空间，致力于打破传统空间的限制。其身为洞穴的痕迹非常明显，因为挖掘时带出来的泥土都被保留了下来。主空间的两侧均安装有阴暗的镜子，在空间中生成一种难以名状的视觉空间。镜子内的光线和色彩效果会让人产生错觉，那些发光的圆洞和方洞都是现实生活中不存在的幻视。隐藏在镜子内的影音屏幕会产生声音和动作。
衣柜和卫生间的门被放置在视野之外，藏在镜子后面。地面铺装采用粗糙的浅灰色大理石，用于强化洞穴原有部分的材质和纹理。
住宅的扩建部分是一个白色的体量，位于小游泳池的上方。从天花板上的一个方形孔内能够感受到水的存在，给人一种视觉上的移动效果。
床放置在住宅主空间的中心位置处，在大穹顶之下，向外能直接看到火山。床后有一个深红色的家具，用作放东西化妆等杂项的桌子。
大理石、漆木、金属和灰色织物共同形成了材质的色调。两个住宅的门窗洞口均使用木材制成，大小几乎是整个立面的大小，可以为空间深处带去光照和景观。同时外部的度假生活也可以成为室内空间的一部分。
度假屋的设计完全与火山地景融合在一起，并且以一种更为现代的方式与圣托里尼的立体式建筑风格相互统一。
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底层平面图
一层平面图
剖面图
项目信息
建筑设计：Kapsimalis建筑事务所
项目区位：希腊，锡拉，菲拉斯特凡尼
建筑面积：180平方米
项目时间：2017年
项目摄影：Yiorgos Kordakis
制造商：Marble Factory
©版权声明
本文来自于Archdaily，由建筑学院翻译编辑，如有转载译文请联系我们（微信号：jzxy-gtn）آه ای شازده کوچولو، من همينطور کمکم به زندگی محدود و غمانگيزتو پیبردم. تو مدتها بجز لطف غروبهای خورشيد تفريحی نداشتهای. من اين نکته تازهرا صبح روز چهارم فهميدم، وقتی به من گفتی: - من غروب خورشيد را بسيار دوستدارم. برويم غروب آفتاب را تماشا کنيم... - ولی بايد منتظر شد. - منتظر چه؟ - منتظر غروب خورشيد. تو اول به ظاهر بسيار تعجب کردی، بعد به خودت خنديدیو به من گفتی: - من هميشه خيال میکنم در خانه خودم هستم.
در واقعوقتی در ايالات متحد آمريکا ظهر است، همه میدانند که در فرانسه آفتاب غروب میکند. کافی است در يک دقيقه به فرانسه رسيد تا غروب خورشيد را تماشا کرد. متاسفانه فرانسهبسيار دور است، ولی در سياره تو که به اين کوچکی است، کافی بود تو صندليت را چندقدم جلوتر بکشی تا هر چند بار که دلت میخواست، غروب را تماشا کنی... - من يکروز چهلوسهبار غروب خورشيد را ديدم! و کمی بعد باز گفتی: - تو کهمیدانی... آدم وقتی زياد دلش گرفته باشد، غروب خورشيد را دوست میدارد... - پستو آن روز که چهلوسهبار غروب خورشيد را تماشا کردی، زياد دلت گرفته بود؟ ولیشازده کوچولو جواب نداد.Sabah makyaj rutininizde görünüşünüzü iyileştirmek için uygulama ya da dokunuşlarından vazgeçemiyor olabilirsiniz. Ancak görünüşte zararsız olan bir toz tabakası cildinizi gerçekten nasıl etkiliyor?
Çoğu zaman, makyajın belki de sabahın erken saatlerinde uygulanmasının hayatınıza olumsuz bir etkisi yoktur.
Bununla birlikte, makyaj uygulamaları birkaç cilt reaksiyonuna neden olabilir. Bu reaksiyonların çoğu şiddetli veya uzun süreli değildir ancak makyajınızın cildinizi gerçekte nasıl etkilediğini bilmek isteyebilirsiniz.
Bazı insanlar yaygın kozmetik ürün bileşenlerine alerjik reaksiyonlar yaşarlar. Bu reaksiyonlar iki tipte olabilir: cildi tahriş eden bir ürüne kaşıntı veya yanma reaksiyon gösteren kontakt dermatit ve daha çok şişme, kaşıntı ile sonuçlanan spesifik bileşenlere "gerçek" bir alerji reaksiyon oluşturan alerjik kontakt dermatit.
Bu tür reaksiyonların her ikisine de en yaygın olarak makyaj ve diğer cilt bakım ürünlerindeki parfüm veya koruyucu maddeler neden olur.
Makyaj gözenekleri tıkadığı için sivilceye de neden olabilir. Günün sonunda ve egzersizden hemen sonra makyajınızı tamamen temizlemeniz gerekmektedir.
Makyaj nedeni ile oluşan akneler kozmetik olarak adlandırılır. Bu tip akne hafiftir ve çene, yanaklar ve alında y
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, and a proliferation of new learning technologies, many of which have improved our lives, but whose negative effects must not be ignored, not least the environmental effects that ecopoets like Hass record.
By the time we read “Ezra Pound’s Proposition,” spring had finally come upon us after a season marked by surprising late snowstorms. I told my students to close their laptops on which they were (presumably) taking notes — I confess to a teacher’s nostalgia for a time I’ve never known, when one didn’t have to worry about the distractions on students’ screens — and to follow me outside. There, we would indulge in the pleasure of pastoral nostalgia, reading poetry aloud on a patch of grass, before we all went back inside to plug in, working before screens whose glow came from electricity provided by my campus’s coal-fired power plant. Nostalgia is not to be trusted most of the time, especially in the classroom, as it can function as an uncritical reflex against the new and the unfamiliar in a place where experimentation and exploration are called for instead. But when it is activated in pursuit of critical insights about new technology and what is lost and carried over from “the old days,” then it can be generative of a deeper awareness about the pedagogical status quo in which our students learn.
Technological change transforms the physical world, just as it re-arranges our mental space, our memories, and the way we learn and navigate our present moment. Sometimes, it takes reading a poem about two shepherds singing on an ancient Greek island to pause and appreciate what is lost when new technologies arrive, but it also takes reading a poet like Hass to grasp the environmental costs of those technologies. The former experience excites the pleasures of nostalgia, the politically dubious indulgence of thinking back to calmer times, while the latter kicks these musings into critical gear. Nostalgia can spur the witness of memory against the ecological destruction wrought by new technologies, as the pastoral poets taught us. But nostalgia’s critical potential gets a jolt when anti-pastoral and ecopoets call out the economic forces and corporate agents that initiate such destruction. In the same way, we as teachers can encourage our students to be attuned to the nostalgia for small things like dictionaries, so that these recollections can spark awareness of the larger processes that drive change, and the losses that can accompany it when an ecosystem, pedagogical or otherwise, gets disrupted in the name of progress. To encourage such nostalgia in the classroom isn’t necessarily to court the unthinking reaction of its regressive political use. Instead, as pastoral poetry shows, the allure of “the old days” is a malleable thing that can either stay with an idealized view of the past or enliven a critical perspective on the present. Critical nostalgia makes us aware of other possibilities, however distant or fleeting, which might allow us to question technological change in the present and imagine a more sustainable future.When looking at the role of a hygienist in Richmond, you may want to consider Sheen Dental in East Sheen, London. It is important to understand the differences when comparing the role of a dentist to that of a hygienist.
The main role of a dentist is to provide surgical type services that somebody may require on their teeth and gums, examples of which would be tooth extraction, fillings, and root canals. Alternatively the main role of the hygienist is to provide preliminary services that aim to promote good oral hygiene. These services may include educational and cleansing, as well as other complementary services that are used to try to avoid invasive dental procedures.
You may also find that a dentist will train for a longer period, we can look at the dentist as equivalent in stature to your GP. A dentist can legally write prescriptions and carry out surgical procedures within the scope of their qualifications.
Types of preventative treatments
The goals when providing preventative dental treatments are to encourage and promote practices that lead to the improvement and maintenance of oral health. Using preventative treatments helps to reduce the chances of tooth decay and gum disease.
Education may play a large role in this area of dental health, especially in the treatment of children. Teaching someone good self-administered oral health will improve their chances of not suffering from large amounts of tooth decay throughout their life. This can be achieved by teaching good brushing and flossing techniques, as well as encouraging and monitoring the implementation of the techniques.
With the use of preventative treatment, it is possible to avoid the development of pain caused by sensitive teeth. One of the main causes of discomfort in the mouth is sensitive teeth, often leading to people feeling like they have become limited in what they can eat, as well as being an indicator of other problems in the mouth. The early diagnosis and treatment of tooth sensitivity can help to avoid the need for future dental procedures and allow someone to feel less conscious of what they are eating.
Cleaning and whitening services also form part of preventative dental treatment. A good way to avoid tooth decay is to have the plaque that builds up on teeth over time be removed at regular intervals. Cleaning will also help to improve the appearance of the teeth through removing stains along with any plaque.
Smoking is one of the most harmful habits we could have when it comes to the mouth, causing problems ranging from bad breath and mild mouth sores to shrinking gums and loss of taste, in some cases smoking can lead to more serious issues such as cancer of the mouth.
Smoking cessation has become a bigger area of preventative treatments in recent years, with more people taking up the option to give up smoking, we are seeing an overall increase in the quality of oral health. Ceasing smoking improves the freshness of the breath, reduces the presence of oral sores and lessens the chances of disease.
The next step
Anyone looking into the use of the treatments outlined here should first consider taking professional advice from adentist.خبرگزاری ایرنا: نخستین تمرین تیم فوتبال پرسپولیس پس از بازگشت از قطر به ایران، برگزار شد و مهاجم ایرلندی تنها غایب تمرین امروز (پنجشنبه) بود.
تیم فوتبال پرسپولیس که در ۲ هفته گذشته برای برگزاری ۲ بازی خود در لیگ قهرمانان آسیا مقابل الدحیل قطر و الشارجه امارات، در ایران حضور نداشت، دیشب پس از یک باخت و یک تساوی در این مسابقات، به تهران بازگشت.
سرخپوشان تهران که حالا خود را برای بازی روز یکشنبه با سپاهان آماده میکنند، از ساعت ۱۱:۳۰ امروز در ورزشگاه شهید کاظمی تمرین خود را شروع کردند. بازیکنان پس از ۳۰ دقیقه کار با وزنه و بدنسازی به زمین چمن آمدند و در هوای بارانی، دقایقی هم در زمین دویدند و کار با توپ انجام دادند.
تمرین امروز پرسپولیس بعد از یک ساعت به پایان رسید. سیدجلال حسینی، مهدی شیری و کریستین اوساگونا سه بازیکن مصدوم این تیم هم زیر نظر کادر پزشکی تمرین کردند.
آنتونی استوکس مهاجم ایرلندی پرسپولیس که از سرمربی این تیم ۲ روز مرخصی گرفته و در دوبی مانده است، تنها غایب تمرین امروز بود.
پرسپولیس از ساعت ۱۶:۱۵ یکشنبه در هفته بیستم لیگ برتر فوتبال ایران به مصاف سپاهان میرود. پرسپولیس و سپاهان به ترتیب با ۴۱ و ۳۶ امتیاز در ردههای اول و سوم لیگ قرار دارند.Results of four new research trials suggest that changes to the eyes and ability to smell may be valuable in the early detection of Alzheimer’s.
Reports presented at the 2014 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in Copenhagen revealed that eye exams could be used to identify build-up of beta amyloid in the brain, while a decreased ability to identify odors may be an early sign of cognitive impairment.
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the development of brain plaques, and beta-amyloid is their primary component. Plaques start to develop years before cognitive decline and memory loss. In two of the studies, measuring the level of beta-amyloid in the eye correlated with brain beta-amyloid levels and was accurate in identifying people with Alzheimer’s.
In the other two studies, loss of brain cell function and the progression to Alzheimer’s disease was associated with a decreased ability to identify smell.
These findings point to potential avenues for early detection of Alzheimer’s through biomarkers. However, more research is needed to develop these tests.
Currently, Alzheimer’s can only be detected late in the disease, after significant cognitive decline and memory loss has already occurred.
There are no effective treatments currently available for any stage of the disease, although some drugs are effective for a few months for some of the people who take them. Alzheimer’s treatment is primarily symptomatic, aimed at helping patients maintain their quality of life and keeping them safe.
If early detection tests were developed, their primary purpose would be to identify patients early on in the disease process for participation in clinical trials for treatment and prevention of Alzheimer’s.
As effective treatments are eventually developed, early detection could be used to intervene and provide treatments early in the development of Alzheimer’s, before significant memory loss and cognitive decline has occurred.
The attorneys at Hook Law Center assist Virginia families with will preparation, trust & estate administration, guardianships and conservatorships, long-term care planning, special needs planning, veterans benefits, and more. To learn more, visit http://www.hooklawcenter.com/ or call 757-399-7506.新华网广州11月22日体育专电 广州亚运会皮划艇静水比赛于11月22日开始，26日结束，设男子8个、女子4个静水皮划艇项目，共12枚金牌。中国皮划艇队参加所有12个项目的比赛。
皮划艇静水比赛要求运动员在尽可能短的时间内通过一段标志清楚而无障碍的航道，船首率先越过终点线并载有全部船员即获得胜利。
皮划艇分为皮艇和划艇，皮艇通过双叶桨推进，划艇通过单叶浆推进，船桨不能附着在船体上。皮艇又分有男子项目和女子项目，划艇只有男子项目。
在1936年柏林奥运会上，皮划艇静水开始被列为奥运会正式比赛项目。1990年北京亚运会上，皮划艇静水成为亚运会正式比赛项目。
为满足皮划艇比赛的需求，赛道必须满足以下最小测量范围的要求：直线距离长1400米，宽120米，最小深度2米，设置有9条9米宽的航道，场地一侧应有距最近航道50米的一条长直河岸。
在1000米比赛的起点和终点之间，皮划艇参赛者必须使其全部船体保持在4米宽的航道中心区域之内，一旦超出这一范围，船只必须立刻回到赛道的中心区域，所有船只都不得从任何方向接近另一参赛者船只5米之内。在1000米以上的比赛中，在参赛者未妨碍到其他参赛者的情况下，可以偏离其航道。
广州亚运会设置的12个皮划艇静水比赛项目分别是：男子200米单人划艇、男子200米单人皮艇、男子200米双人皮艇、男子1000米单人划艇、男子1000米单人皮艇、男子1000米双人划艇、男子1000米双人皮艇、男子1000米四人皮艇、女子200米单人皮艇、女子500米单人皮艇、女子500米双人皮艇、女子500米四人皮艇。
皮划艇静水于22日进行预赛，23日进行半决赛，25日和26日进行决赛，24日为机动日。除参赛艇数较少的女子500米四人皮艇和男子1000米双人划
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of toxic algal blooms.
To read more on this story and see related reporting, follow this link to the Globe and Mail website. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-worlds-lake-ice-rapidly-shrinking-as-global-temperatu...Olaf Schroth uses drone to map invasive vegetation
Dr Olaf Schroth is using a drone to map invasive vegetation on Blacka Moor, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, on the fringes of the Peak District.
Olaf, who is Lecturer in Landscape Planning in the Department of Landscape, is using the DJI Phantom 2 drone to gather close range aerial images, which can be used to map the areas in which bracken and non-native trees are affecting the moorland.
The Blacka Moor nature reserve comprises of 181 ha of moorland, grassland and woodlands and has been managed by Sheffield and Rotherham Wildlife Trust since 2000. The trust are currently implementing an eight year management plan, which aims to return woodland areas to oak and birch, restore its features of interest, such as the heather covered moorland patches, whilst protecting and conserving the open views across the nature reserve.
Dr Schroth’s images will be used to plan volunteering work days, where the bracken and other invasive species can be removed. The images are much higher resolution than those taken from planes or satellites, because drones can fly at very low altitudes – in this case 60m above the ground. It is also easier to fly over an area multiple times.
UK law prevents drones being flown near people, cars or buildings or above 120m in height. Olaf’s team employed two spotters to warn the drone pilot if walkers were approaching. Efforts were also taken not to fly during bird breeding season or near grazing cattle, in order to minimise the impact on wildlife.
Department of Landscape MA student Chaoming Li was involved in this research, helping to gather images.
Olaf said: “in the future, we hope to apply UAV-based close range aerial imagery to identify and map invasive species in inaccessible areas. UAVs could become an important tool to monitor the spread of invasive species and inform conservation measures.”
This research is part of the Faculty of Social Sciences #DigitalSociety research themeقرن هفدهم ابزار ايجاد الکتريسيته ساکن (static Eelectricity) را فراهم نمود و قرن هجدهم استفاده آن را با اختراع قوطى ليدن (Leyden Jar) در دسترس قرار داد. (۱۷۴۵) در اواخر اين دوره بود که گالوانى (Galvani) آزمايشهاى خود را با تحريک پاى قورباغه بهوسيله جريانهاى الکتريکى شروع نمود. تا آغاز سال ۱۷۹۱ او کشف کرده بود که پاى قورباغه در اثر اتصال قسمت بريده شده با بخش بيرونى عضله بهوسيله دو ميله از دو فلز مختلف به حرکت درمىآيد. بعدها وى مشاهده کرد که او قادر به حرکت درآوردن ساق پاى قورباغه با لمس عصب فقط با يک فلز، کف پاى قورباغه با فلز ديگر و هر دو با دو فلز است. با اين کار در واقع او يک باطرىتر ساخته بود که مىتوانست جريان الکتريکى براى به حرکت درآوردن عضله ايجاد کند. او دريافت که اگر ساق پاى قورباغه را با عصب آن از قلاب برنجى آويزان کنيم به شکلى که کف پاى او با بشقابى نقرهاى برروى زمين تماس داشته باشد، پاى حيوان بدون وقفه لگد مىزند، زيرا که هر لگد رابطه را قطع نموده و به پا اجازه مىدهد که دوباره با بشقاب تماس داشته و مدار الکتريکى را کامل نمايد. از اين آزمايشها گالوانى به اين نتيجه رسيد که بافت حيوانى جريان الکتريکى از خود توليد مىکند. او در اين باره در سال ۱۷۹۱ کتابى بهنام De Viribus Electvicitatis In Motu Muscularti نگاشت. آنچه اشاره شد حوادثى بود که آغاز اعتقاد به وجود الکتريسيته حيوانى را نشان مىداد. قبل از آن نيز علاقهمندى به مغناطيسم حيوانى (Animal Magnitism) نشان داده شده بود. مسمر (Mesmer) که براى درمان بيماران در سال ۱۷۶۶ از آهنربا استفاده نموده بود، بعدها دريافت که همان درمان را مىتواند بدون ميله آهنى مغناطيسى بهدست آورد و لذا نتيجه گرفت که حتماً مغناطيسم حيوانى در خود او بود که اين کار را مىکرد. گالوانى آگاه نبود که اولين باطرى الکتريکى را اختراع کرده و ساخته است. او همچنين نمىدانست که بعد از او جريان مداومى را که باطرى او ايجاد مىکرد الکتريسيته حيوانى نخواهند ناميد، بلکه به جريان گالوانيک (Galvanic current) معروف خواهد شد. در آن زمان الکتريسيته هنوز پديدهاى اسرارآميز بود.
اين ولتا بود که نشان داد مىتوان اين نوع جريان الکتريسيته را بدون داشتن بافت حيوانى ايجاد نمود. او به سال ۱۸۰۰ وسيلهاى ساخت که بعدها بهنام مجموعهاى ولتائيک ناميده شد و مجموعهاى از صفحههاى فلزي، مانند نقره، مقواى خيس و اشباعشده در آب نمک، زينک و غيره بود. و بين بالاترين و پائينترين صفحه اين مجموعه، ولتاژى جريان داشت. ولتا تصور مىکرد که با ساختن باطرى غيرآلى خود وجود الکتريسيته را نفى نموده است، ليکن يوهانس ميولر در سال ۱۸۳۴ هنوز بر اين اعتقاد بود که تکانه عصبى بايد ماهيت الکتريکى داشته باشد. بهخصوص چون که سرعت هادى بودن آن آنقدر زياد است.
اختراع ابزارى جهت ايجاد جريانهاى گالوانيک توسط ولتا منجر به ساخته شدن گالوانومتر براى سنجش جريان و بعدها به پيدايش دستگاههاى پيشرفتهترى در اين زمينه شد. چند تن از فيزيولوژيستها در اين زمان علاقهمند به مسئله الکتريسيته حيوانى شدند. در سال ۱۸۴۱ متوسى (Matteucci) مقالهاى به آکادمى علوم ارائه داد که در آن نشان داد که گالوانومتر وجود جريانى را نشان مىدهد، هنگامى که از سطح بيرونى عضله به زخم عضلانى وصل شود، جريانى که بعدها جريان جراحت و همچنين جريان استراحت ناميده شد، چون اين جريان سير خود را بدون انقباض قابل مشاده عضلانى طى مىکرد. يوهانس ميولر اين مقاله متوسى را به دانشجوى بسيار باهوش خود دوبوا ريموند - که بعدها جانشين ميولر در کرسى استادى برلن شد - نشان داد. دوبوا بلادرنگ به اين مقاله علاقهمند شد. اولين مقاله او در اين زمينه تحت عنوان thietrisch Elektricit?t در سال ۱۸۴۳ منتشر شد و دو جلد کتاب او در اين رابطه نيز که در سال ۱۸۴۹-۱۸۴۸ انتشار يافت بهزودى بهعنوان يک مرجع عمده درآمد. او تئورى دو قطبىبودن بافت حيوانى را ارائه داد که در آن چنين فرض شده بود که عضله و عصب شامل عناصر و اجزائى است که بار الکتريکى دا
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, to see whether it was possible to make these dives. Even people in the Navy thought it was kind of crazy—the idea that divers could stay down for more than mere minutes, and go to depths well beyond the conventional wisdom at the time.
What kind of dangers did aquanauts face?
The first thing was decompression sickness, also known as “the bends,” which can occur if a diver ascends too quickly to the surface. It was understood that the aquanauts could not drift upward because bubbles would form in their blood and tissues, which could cause pain and death. That was an ever-present concern, because the methods they were using to bring divers back to the surface—for dives that were lasting days instead of minutes—was all new methodology.
The cold was always a problem, and perhaps a lesser appreciated problem. One of the things they were trying to work out was how to keep divers warm enough to make them useful for hours at a time. And the cold was potentially deadly, especially in light of the fact that they were breathing exotic gas mixtures (because ordinary air becomes toxic beyond certain depths and pressures).
Also, they had to worry about the reliability of their prototype equipment—everything from the depth gauges to the breathing gear—which was quirky and not infallible. Those quirks could kill you if you weren’t paying attention. And the lab itself was a dangerous place. There were moments where they had to make adjustments to make sure the air they were breathing didn’t kill them.
Last but not least, the ocean is in itself dynamic and dangerous. They did have shark cages, but it was a threat they hadn’t even considered—venomous scorpion fish—that came to cause them problems during Sealab II.
Was there a “great leap for mankind” moment for Sealab?
Sealab I was perhaps the great leap because they were able to build a sea floor shelter—a base—and put it 200 feet down in the water, twenty-five miles southwest of Bermuda in the summer of 1964. They got the habitat on the ocean floor, the aquanauts in the habitat, and they lived there for an unprecedented ten days. They probably would have lasted the planned-for three weeks, if not for a hurricane that threatened to jostle the support crew at the surface.
But there were no television cameras around, and not a lot of press. A great leap can only be a great leap if someone is watching.
Why the lack of attention?
It was partly that space was taking up a lot of the media’s attention. Also, covering developments taking place at the bottom of the sea was a challenge for reporters. There were monitors on the sea floor but the pictures weren’t great. You could get a better image from the moon than from the bottom of the ocean. So it was not “made for television.”
And an aquanaut couldn’t address the public like the astronauts did from the moon, at least not without sounding silly.
The aquanauts were breathing a gas mixture that was largely helium, so you get this chipmunk effect on the voice. They would have been almost incomprehensible. Again, not made for TV.
There were some deaths and injuries during the course of Sealab. How did they impact the program?
The biggest impact was the death [of a diver] in 1969 that became the catalyst to end the program. A lot of people felt that a single death shouldn’t mean that the project should end; it should mean that they learn from the mistake and proceed with what was about to be a very ambitious and productive next incarnation. From there you could point back to 1967 when three astronauts [Virgil “Gus” Grissom, Edward H. White II, and Roger B. Chafee] were killed in a launch pad fire at Cape Canaveral, Florida. That did not spell the end of the space program.
But what became clear later is that it was not the death that scared everyone off. By that time the Navy had learned what it had wanted to learn for military diving purposes, and realized it did not need to continue to engage in housing divers on the ocean floor. So the death became a convenient way of explaining why Sealab was not going to continue. And because the program hadn’t received much attention there was not a big public outcry.
Have we answered the questions: How long can a man stay down? And how deep can a man go?
No, not entirely. Science requires money and as priorities shifted the money ran out and the answers to those questions are still not definitively known. Also, remotely operated vehicle (R.O.V.) technology got a lot better, and such machines can be more cost effective, reach greater depths, and keep divers out of harm’s way.
While the offshore oil industry needed a workforce that could function in deep water (to set up offshore oil platforms), the industry did not push beyond the depth that it needed. But with the technology that came out of Sealab you could have a workforce put in a full day’s shift, and there are still guys out there doing underwater construction work, building pipelines along the ocean floor. When you see a construction worker high above the ground building a skyscraper you say: “Wow, that’s quite a feat.” You don’t think so much about the guy at the bottom of the North Sea doing a similar kind of job. But they are out there, and they can be out there because in the 1960s it was shown that they could get to that depth and stay more than a few minutes.
The Navy has long been out of the sea dwelling business, but it hasn’t got out of the deep diving business, in which it’s using methods and technologies that evolved from Sealab. How those methods are applied today is a matter of some mystery because the Navy doesn’t like to talk about that. But they know how to take divers to great depths and keep them there for as long as they need to be.
And ultimately Sealab III provided cover for a secret program, right?
It was Cold War spy stuff where they were housing divers in miniature versions of Sealab that were attached to or built into submarines, and then out of those mobile units the divers could come and go. There were two things the divers did. One was to collect Russian test missiles, which could be brought back to the lab and reverse-engineered. The other was the tapping of communications cables that were running across the Sea of Okhotsk. Information was siphoned from those cables and taken for analysis.
How did people respond when you told them you were writing a book about Sealab?
My experience writing the book was that it’s just not much remembered. The most I would get from people was “Oh, yeah, I kind of remember Sealab.” I did encounter a number of individuals who fondly remember their Sealab III model, which you could buy and put together. Some people remembered Sealab as being a classified program. But it was trying not to be.Romania Table of Contents
With his power base firmly established, Ceausescu proceeded to dissociate his regime from the Gheorghiu-Dej era. In April 1968, at a plenary session of the Central Committee, the Gheorghiu-Dej regime was indicted for abuses of power, and the victims of his political purges were officially rehabilitated. Because of his close association with Gheorghiu-Dej and his position as head of the interior ministry during the period of the purges Draghici was relieved of all his positions. Apostol and Stoica were censured but were allowed to remain in their posts, although their standing in the party was considerably weakened.
During the 1968-70 period, Ceausescu pursued a cautious policy of de-Stalinization in domestic affairs while maintaining Romania's independent stance in international relations. The domestic relaxation was short-lived, however, and in April 1968, Ceausescu cautioned intellectuals and artists not to overstep the bounds established by the party.
Data as of July 1989بخشی از تمرین امروز شاگردان کارلوس کی روش به فوتبال تنیسی مربوط می شد؛ بخشی که شوخی و خنده بازیکنان را به همراه داشت.
به گزارش “ورزش سه”، فوتبال تنیسی علاوه بر این که انگیزه کار تیمی را در بین اعضای تیم افزایش می دهد و آن ها را با چالش های مختلفی روبرو می کند، روحیه آن ها را نیز بالاتر می برد و سبب ایجاد شوخی و خنده در بین بازیکنان می شود.
در آخرین تمرینات تیم ملی پیش از آغاز جام جهانی نیز کادرفنی تیم ملی، این تمرین را برای بازیکنان تدارک دیده اند و امروز نیز بازیکنان آن را انجام دادند.
در یک تیم خانزاده، آزمون، بیرانوند، قلی زاده و امیری حضور داشتند و تیم مقابل از مهره هایی چون رضا قوچان، سعید عزت اللهی، علیرضا جهانبخش و رشید مظاهری تشکیل شده بود. تیم شماره یک تقلبی عجیب انجام دادند و زمین را حدود یک متر کوچک کردند و همین موضوع سبب می شد تا ضربات تیم علیرضا جهانبخش و قوچان نژاد در خارج از زمین بیفتد و اوت شود! در نتیجه تیمی که بیرانوند در آن حاضر بود 2 بار پیاپی به این شکل پیروز شدند!
در حالی که مارکار به عنوان داور ناظر بود، وینگر شماره 18 تیم ایران به این موضوع معترض شد و به زمین حریف رفت تا آن را اندازه گیری کند و آنجا متوجه جعل و تقلب بازیکنان تیم مقابل شد!
پس از آن، تیمی که جهانبخش در آن بود از مارکار خواستند تا این بازی را به خاطر کوچک کردن زمین توسط حریف، سه هیچ کنند اما دستیار کی روش این درخواست را نپذیرفت و گفت که باتوجه به تعویض زمین در نیمه های مختلف، شرایط عادلانه بوده و تغییر در اندازه زمین هم تعمدی نبوده و حتما مربیان در اندازه زمین نقش داشته اند!
در نهایت نیز این مسابقه با پیروزی تیم آزمون، خانزاده، بیرانوند، قلی زاده و امیری به پایان رسید اما تیم حریف اصرار داشتند که در طول بازی تقلب های مختلفی روی داده و برای توصیف حرکات تیم مقابل واژه «جرزنی» را استفاده می کردند!Temel veri göstergeleri, yaygın küresel enflasyonun artık zirveye ulaştığını ve fiyat artış hızının önümüzdeki aylarda yavaşlayacağını gösteriyor.
Fabrika çıkış fiyatları, nakliye ücretleri, emtia fiyatları ve enflasyon beklentileri son rekor seviyelerinden düşmeye başladı.
Ekonomistlere göre, rakamlar küresel tedarik zincirleri üzerindeki fiyat baskıları hafifliyor ve manşet enflasyonun yüksek oranlardan düşmesini muhtemel kıldığını gösteriyor. Bu, enflasyonu kontrol altına almak için koordineli bir çabayla faiz oranlarını hızla artıran ve bunu yaparak ister istemez büyük ekonomileri durgunluğa sürükleme riski alan önde gelen merkez bankaları için hoş bir haber olacaktır.
Enflasyon Brezilya, Tayland ve Şili gibi gelişmekte olan piyasalarda, tüketici fiyatlarının düşmesiyle baskısını düşürmeye başlarken, son veriler gelişmiş ekonomilerde bazı fiyat baskılarının zayıfladığını gösteriyor.
Almanya'da, fabrika çıkış fiyatlar
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کلات ارتباطی خود استفاده می کنند. فن آوری کمکی یا وسایل کمکی نیز به عنوان وسایل کمکی ارتباطی به ویژه برای کودکان غیرکلامی استفاده می شود.
ابزار
ابزارهای رایج در گفتار درمانی عبارتند از:
- ابزار قرار دادن موقعیت صحیح زبان برای صداهای خاص
- نی ها
- تابلوهای تصویر
- کتاب ها
- فلش کارت ها
- نمودارها
- انواع ابزارهای کمکی برای جویدن
- دستگاه های کمکی
معمولاً برای کمک به افرادی که مشکلات ارتباطی دارند از وسایل کمکی زیر استفاده می شود:
- کامپیوتر و کیبورد
- دستگاه های ارتباطی تقویتی و جایگزین (AAC)
- سیستم های ارتباطی بدون کمک – استفاده از بدن کودک برای برقراری ارتباط با یک پیام، مانند زبان بدن یا زبان اشاره
- سیستم های ارتباطی کمکی – ابزارهایی علاوه بر بدن کودک، مانند کاغذ و مداد، تخته، دستگاه های تولید کننده گفتار و غیره.
- نرم افزار تخصصی
گفتاردرمانی فلج مغزی بر اساس سن
همانطور که کودک بزرگتر می شود یا توانایی های خود را بهبود می بخشد، برنامه درمان گفتار درمانی او باید بر این اساس تغییر کند. سه سال اول زندگی کودک برای کسب مهارت های گفتاری و زبانی بسیار مهم است، زیرا مغز او در حال رشد و بلوغ است و به او اجازه می دهد به راحتی این اطلاعات را جذب کند. مداخله زودهنگام به کودک بهترین فرصت را برای رشد و یادگیری با پتانسیل کامل خود می دهد.
کودکان نوپا . گفتار درمانی برای کودکان نوپا مبتنی بر بازی با بازی ها و اسباب بازی ها، تکرار صداها و کلمات، آواز خواندن و هنر و صنایع دستی است.
کودکان خردسال . برای کودکان مدرسهای، تاکید بیشتری بر تعامل اجتماعی وجود دارد، اگرچه بازیها و اسباببازیها هنوز استفاده میشوند. گفتاردرمانی معمولاً شامل فعالیتهای مختلفی برای ارتقای ارتباط است، مانند قصهگویی، گفتگو، تکرار صداها و کلمات و کار کردن روی کار مدرسه کودک. درمان همچنین به کودک کمک می کند تا مهارت های اجتماعی خود را بهبود بخشد، مانند بالا نگه داشتن سر و حفظ تماس چشمی در حین صحبت کردن.
کلمات مرتبط :
بهترین گفتاردرمانی شرق تهران – بهترین گفتاردرمانی شمال تهران – بهترین گفتاردرمانی غرب تهران – گفتاردرمانی فلج مغزی – بهترین مرکز گفتاردرمانی برای فلج مغزی – گفتاردرمانی در منزل – گفتاردرمانی آنلاین – گفتاردرمانی برای کودکان – گفتاردرمانی کودکان – گفتاردرمانی برای کودک فلج مغزی – هزینه گفتاردرمانی در منزل – هزینه گفتاردرمانی آنلاین برای کودکان – بهترین مرکز گفتاردرمانی برای کودکان در تهران – بهترین متخصص گفتاردرمانی کودکان – بهترین کلینیک گفتاردرمانی در تهران – روشهای گفتاردرمانی برای کودکان距离小时候看过大概有20来年了，回忆了一下竟然还记得名字，当时看的时候就超喜欢，现在看起来怎么这么基
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快活老兄
从前爆发过一场大战。战争结束时，许多士兵退了役。这时候，“快活老兄”也领到了退伍津贴，可那不过是一个小小的长面包和四枚铜钱罢了。他带着它们上了路，可是圣彼得却变成一个穷叫花子坐在路边上，等快活老兄走来就向他乞讨。快活老兄回答：“亲爱的乞丐，你叫我给你什么好呢？我刚当完兵，领了退伍津贴；可这津贴仅只是一个长面包和四个铜板。这点东西用完了，我也得跟你一样讨饭哩。不过，我还是乐意给你一点什么。”说完，他把面包分成四份，给了一份和一个铜板给那位使徒。圣彼得道过谢走了，一会儿又变成另一个乞丐坐在路旁，等士兵走过去又像上次一样求他给一点儿施舍。快活老兄说了刚才说过的那些话，还是给了圣彼得四分之一个面包和一枚铜板。圣彼得道过谢走了，一会儿却变成第三个乞丐坐在路边上，开口向快活老兄讨施舍。快活老兄给了他面包的第三个四分之一和第三枚铜板。圣彼得道了谢；快活老兄继续赶路，口袋里只剩下了四分之一个面包和一枚铜钱。他走进一家客店，吃掉面包，用那枚铜钱买了啤酒喝。吃喝完，他又上了路，这时圣彼得变成个和他一样的退伍老兵，走过来和他搭讪：“你好，伙计。可不可以给我一块面包和一个铜板换酒喝？”——“我哪儿来面包和铜板哟？”快活老兄回答，“我退了伍，领到的仅仅是一个面包和四枚铜钱。刚才在路上碰见三个叫花子，我已给他们每人四分之一个面包和一枚铜钱。最后四分之一个面包我已在客店里吃掉，最后一枚铜板也买了酒喝。现在我两手空空；要是你也不比我富有，那咱俩倒可以一块儿讨饭去喽。”——“不，”圣彼得回答，“讨饭还不必。我懂一点医术，凭着它我想挣自己的一口面包没问题。”——“是啊，”快活老兄说，“咱不懂医术，只好一个人讨饭去罗。”——“别，一块儿走吧，”圣彼得说，“只要挣到什么，我都分一半给你。”——“这我没意见，”快活老兄回答。于是，他俩便结伴同行。
这时，他们来到一个农家，听见屋里哀声哭叫，便走进去。原来，这家的男人奄奄一息地躺在床上，眼看快病死了，所以妻子在大声哀嚎，大声哭喊。“别哭啦，别叫啦！”圣彼得说，“我治好你男人就是。”说着从袋里掏出一种油膏，给病人一抹上，他立刻就起了床，完全恢复了健康。夫妻俩高兴得很，问：“叫我们怎么报答您呢？叫我们送您什么好呢？”圣彼得却什么都不肯收，农民夫妇越求他收，他拒绝越坚决。快活老兄这时便撞一下圣彼得，说：“那就收一点呗，咱们也用得着啊。”最后，农妇牵来只小羊羔，告诉圣彼得他一定得牵走；他呢，还是不要。快活老兄又捅捅他的肋巴骨，说：“拿着吧，蠢货，咱们用得着哩！”这下子，圣彼得终于说：“好，羊羔我收了；可是我不想扛它，你愿意就得你扛。”——“这没关系，”快活老兄回答，“我扛就扛吧。”说着把羊羔往肩上一搁。他俩继续朝前走，来
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�ِبْغٍ لِلْآكِلِينَ
Yine o su ile Sîna dağında biten bir ağaç (zeytin ağacı) yarattık ki hem yağ, hem de yiyenlere katık verir.
Müminun Suresi / 21
٢١. وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَنْعَامِ لَعِبْرَةً نُسْقِيكُمْ مِمَّا فِي بُطُونِهَا وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَنَافِعُ كَثِيرَةٌ وَمِنْهَا تَأْكُلُونَ
Hayvanlarda sizin için elbette bir ibret vardır. Onların içlerindeki sütten size içiririz. Onlarda sizin için daha birçok faydalar da vardır ve onlardan yersiniz de.
Müminun Suresi / 22
٢٢. وَعَلَيْهَا وَعَلَى الْفُلْكِ تُحْمَلُونَ
Onların üzerinde ve gemilerde taşınırsınız.
Müminun Suresi / 23
٢٣. وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ أَفَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
Andolsun biz, Nûh'u kendi kavmine peygamber olarak gönderdik de, "Ey kavmim! Allah'a kulluk edin. Sizin O'ndan başka hiçbir ilâhınız yoktur. Allah'a karşı gelmekten hâlâ sakınmaz mısınız?" dedi.
Müminun Suresi / 24
٢٤. فَقَالَ الْمَلَأُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ قَوْمِهِ مَا هَذَا إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَفَضَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَنْزَلَ مَلَائِكَةً مَا سَمِعْنَا بِهَذَا فِي آبَائِنَا الْأَوَّلِينَ
Bunun üzerine kendi kavminden inkâr eden ileri gelenler şöyle dediler: "Bu ancak sizin gibi bir beşerdir, size üstünlük taslamak istiyor. Eğer Allah dileseydi, bir melek gönderirdi. Biz önceki atalarımızdan böyle bir şey duymadık."
Müminun Suresi / 25
٢٥. إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ بِهِ جِنَّةٌ فَتَرَبَّصُوا بِهِ حَتَّى حِينٍ
"Bu, ancak cinnet getirmiş bir adamdır. Öyle ise bir müddet onu gözetleyiniz."
Müminun Suresi / 26
٢٦. قَالَ رَبِّ انْصُرْنِي بِمَا كَذَّبُونِ
(Nûh), "Rabbim! Beni yalanlamalarına karşı bana yardım et!" dedi.
Müminun Suresi / 27
٢٧. فَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْهِ أَنِ اصْنَعِ الْفُلْكَ بِأَعْيُنِنَا وَوَحْيِنَا فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَمْرُنَا وَفَارَ التَّنُّورُ فَاسْلُكْ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلٍّ زَوْجَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَهْلَكَ إِلَّا مَنْ سَبَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْلُ مِنْهُمْ وَلَا تُخَاطِبْنِي فِي الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا إِنَّهُمْ مُغْرَقُونَ
Bunun üzerine Nûh'a, "Bizim gözetimimiz altında ve vahyimize göre o gemiyi yap" diye vahyettik. "Bizim emrimiz gelip de tandır kaynamaya başlayınca, (sular coşup taştığında Nûh'a) dedik ki: "Her cins canlıdan (erkekli dişili) birer çift, bir de kendileri aleyhinde daha önce hüküm verilmiş olanlardan başka aileni gemiye al ve zulmeden kimseler hakkında bana hiç yalvarma! Şüphesiz onlar suda boğulacaklardır."
Müminun Suresi / 28
٢٨. فَإِذَا اسْتَوَيْتَ أَنْتَ وَمَنْ مَعَكَ عَلَى الْفُلْكِ فَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي نَجَّانَا مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ
Sen ve beraberindeki kimseler, gemiye bindiğiniz zaman: "Bizi zalim kavmin elinden kurtaran Allah'a hamd olsun" de.
Müminun Suresi / 29
٢٩. وَقُلْ رَبِّ أَنْزِلْنِي مُنْزَلًا مُبَارَكًا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الْمُنْزِلِينَ
Yine de ki: "Ey Rabbim! Beni bereketli bir yere kondur. Sen, konuk edenlerin en hayırlısısın."
Müminun Suresi / 30
٣٠. إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ وَإِنْ كُنَّا لَمُبْتَلِينَ
Şüphesiz bu olayda ibretler vardır. Biz gerçekten (kullarımızı) imtihan ederiz.
Müminun Suresi / 31
٣١. ثُمَّ أَنْشَأْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ قَرْنًا آخَرِينَ
Sonra onların (Nûh kavminin) ardından başka bir nesil yarattık.
Müminun Suresi / 32
٣٢. فَأَرْسَلْنَا فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِنْهُمْ أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ أَفَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
Onlara, kendilerinden, "Allah'a kulluk edin, sizin O'ndan başka hiçbir ilâhınız yoktur, hâlâ O'na karşı gelmekten sakınmaz mısınız?" diye öğüt veren bir peygamber gönderdik.
Müminun Suresi / 33
٣٣. وَقَالَ الْمَلَأُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِلِقَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ وَأَتْرَفْنَاهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا مَا هَذَا إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يَأْكُلُ مِمَّا تَأْكُلُونَ مِنْهُ وَيَشْرَبُ مِمَّا تَشْرَبُونَ
O peygamberin kavminden, Allah'ı inkâr eden, ahireti yalanlayan ve bizim dünya hayatında kendilerine bol bol nimet verdiğimiz ileri gelenler şöyle dediler: "O da ancak sizin gibi bir insandır. Sizin yediğiniz şeylerden yiyor, içtiğiniz şeylerden içiyor."
Müminun Suresi / 34
٣٤. وَلَئِنْ أَطَعْتُمْ بَشَرًا مِثْلَكُمْ إِنَّكُمْ إِذًا لَخَاسِرُونَ
"Andolsun, kendiniz gibi bir beşere itaat ederseniz mutlaka ziyana uğrarsınız."
Müminun Suresi / 35
٣٥. أَيَعِدُكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ إِذَا مِتُّمْ وَكُنْتُمْ تُرَابًا وَعِظَامًا أَنَّكُمْ مُخْرَجُونَ
"O, öldüğünüz, toprak ve kemik hâline geldiğiniz zaman sizin tekrar mutlaka (diriltilip) çıkarılacağınızı mı vaad ediyor?"
Müminun Suresi / 36
٣٦. هَيْهَاتَ هَيْهَاتَ لِمَا تُوعَدُونَ
"Hâlbuki bu size vaad olunan şey, ne kadar da uzak!"
Müminun Suresi / 37
٣٧. إِنْ هِيَ إِلَّا حَيَاتُنَا الدُّنْيَا نَمُوتُ وَنَحْيَا وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمَبْعُوثِينَ
"Hayat, bu dünya hayatından ibarettir. Ölürüz ve yaşarız. Biz tekrar diriltilecek değiliz."
Müminun Suresi / 38
٣٨. إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ افْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا وَمَا نَحْنُ لَهُ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ
"Bu, Allah'a karşı yalan uyduran bir kimseden başkası değildir. Biz ona inanmayız."
Müminun Suresi / 39
٣٩. قَالَ رَبِّ انْصُرْنِي بِمَا كَذَّبُونِ
O peygamber, "Ey Rabbim! Yalanlamalarına karşı bana yardım et!" dedi.
Müminun
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,5 miliardi
Oggi è opportuno porsi la domanda:
Cosa ci serve per soddisfare i nostri bisogni?
Kate Raworth ha elaborato la risposta con il suo diagramma “Economia Integrata”: al contrario di Samuelson, torna a reintrodurre la Natura come fattore principale. Precisamente tiene conto di:
Terra con mondo vivente, risorse ed energia del sole;
società umana con la sua economia costituita da famiglie, Stato, beni comuni e mercato;
circolazione dei flussi finanziari.
Conosciamoli tutti nel dettaglio nella seconda parte.
Non perderti la prossima puntata.
Se ti è piaciuto l’articolo condividilo e metti piace alla pagina Culturaintour
Lʼeconomia della ciambella di Kate Raworth (9a puntata)
Sette mosse per pensare come un economista del XXI secolo
2° mossa, vedere l’immagine complessiva
Passare dal Mercato autosufficiente (in questa puntata)
all’Economia integrata (prossima puntata)
“Il mercato autosufficiente”
La scorsa volta ci siamo lasciati con questo interrogativo:
Come venne disegnata l’economia tradizionale per arrivare a questo punto?
La risposta la troviamo nel “diagramma di flusso circolare” elaborato per la prima volta nel 1948 da Paul Samuelson per illustrare la circolazione del reddito all’interno dell’economia. Il diagramma venne successivamente riproposto nei testi di economia per gli studenti universitari e così arrivò presto a definire l’economia stessa, determinando quali attori economici dovessero essere protagonisti.
Perché fu pensato e cosa si evince da questo diagramma?
Sul finire degli anni Quaranta – il mondo usciva dalla Grande Depressione e dalla Seconda Guerra Mondiale – Samuelson si domandava come fare perché il reddito riprendesse a circolare nell’economia americana e quindi, nel disegnare il suo diagramma, si focalizzò sui flussi monetari.
Il fulcro del sistema economico è il mercato (mercato di beni/servizi e mercato del lavoro) che mette in circolo sia flussi monetari sia beni tra due “operatori”: le famiglie e le imprese.
Le famiglie offrono i propri servizi (lavoro, risparmio) alle imprese in cambio di un flusso monetario (salario, interessi). Il reddito delle famiglie viene speso per acquistare beni e servizi dalle imprese.
Non vengono però considerati l’energia, le materie prime e la società in cui si svolgono le attività.
Gli unici fattori considerati sono: lavoro e capitale.
La produzione e il consumo sono strettamente interconnessi e creano il cosiddetto “flusso circolare del reddito”.
A questo flusso si aggiungono tre cicli esterni:
banche commerciali (il flusso di risparmi viene reimmésso nel circolo sotto forma di investimenti)
governi (le imposte e tasse vengono destinate alle spese pubbliche)
commercio (rappresentato dal settore estero con le importazioni e esportazioni)
Nel 1947 Friedrich Hayek, Ludwig Von Mises, Frank Knight, Milton Friedman,
ispirandosi al liberismo classico di Adam Smith e David Ricardo, abbozzarono quello che un giorno sarebbe diventato il paradigma economico dominante.
L’intento era di respingere con forza la minaccia del totalitarismo statale che si stava diffondendo in Unione Sovietica.
L’anno successivo, con il diagramma elaborato da Samuelson, si poté dare avvio al pensiero economico neoliberista: Friedman e gli altri abbracciarono una prospettiva a lungo termine con il sostegno del business e di miliardari, finanziarono cattedre e borse di studio e costruirono un network di think tank del “mercato libero” in tutto il mondo.
Il paradigma neoliberista si impose compiutamente negli anni Ottanta con Margaret Tatcher e Ronald Reagan.
Ecco i suoi principi:
-Il business è innovativo e massimamente efficiente
-la finanza è infallibile
-Il commercio porta vantaggi a tutti
-I governi sono incompetenti
-Il nucleo domestico è appannaggio femminile
-I beni comuni non hanno valore
-La società non esiste
-La natura è inesauribile
-L’energia è irrilevante
Ma la fede cieca nei mercati che ignora natura, società e il potere incontrollato delle banche, ci ha portati sull’orlo del collasso ecologico, sociale e finanziario.
È davvero ora di cambiare paradigma!
La prossima volta vedremo cos’è l’Economia integrata proposta da Kate Raworth.
Non perderti la prossima, metti mi piace alla pagina Culturaintour
L’economia della ciambella di Kate Raworth (8a puntata)
Sette mosse per pensare come un economista del XXI secolo
1° mossa, cambiare obiettivo
Passare dal PIL (puntata precedente)
alla Ciambella in equilibrio (in questa puntata)
La bussola per orientare l’umanità
L’umanità ha bisogno di “una bussola” per rifondare il pensiero economico e giungere a un modello di sviluppo equo e sostenibile.
Per spiegarlo Kate Raworth ha disegnato due anelli concentrici.
L’anello interno (color rosso) rappresenta il livello minimo sociale: ogni persona dovrebbe poter soddisfare bisogni primari e sono: 1.cibo
2.acqua
3.assistenza sanitaria
4.reddito
5.istruzione
6.energia
7.lavoro
8.diritto di espressione
9.parità di genere
10.equità sociale
11.resilienza agli shock
L’anello esterno (color ocra) è il limite ambientale cioè il tetto ecologico da rispettare per evitare danni ambientali gravi e irreversibili: perdita di biodiversità, accumulo di gas serra in atmosfera, alterazione dei cicli dell’azoto e del fosforo, ecc.
Tra questi due anelli c’è uno spazio operativo sicuro per l’umanità (Safe and Operating Space, SOS) con un’economia rigenerativa e distributiva perché socialmente equa ed ecologicamente sostenibile.
Attualmente miliardi di persone si trovano sotto il livello minimo sociale (il centro della ciambella) in quanto esiste una situazione di deprivazione che impedisce loro di soddisfare i bisogni essenziali.
Al contrario, al di sopra del limite ambientale siamo in una zona di eccesso e di forte pressione sul tetto biofisico sopportabile dal pianeta.
Lo sviluppo economico globale del XX secolo ha contribuito a togliere dalla povertà milioni di persone nel mondo consentendo di migliorare notevolmente lo standard di vita.
Questo però ha dato origine a un’impennata nel consumo delle risorse della Terra causando forti impatti ambientali.
Dal 1950 al 2010 la popolazione mondiale è triplicata così come si sono intensificate le attività umane determinando nel giro di 200 anni una nuova epoca geologica chiamata, non a caso, Antropocene.
Il termine deriva dal greco anthropos, che significa uomo con l’aggiunta del secondo elemento -cene: è l’era geologica nella quale l’uomo e le sue attività sono la causa principale delle modifiche territoriali, strutturali e climatiche del pianeta.
Il termine venne divulgato negli anni 2000 da Paul Crutzen, premio Nobel per la Chimica a seguito delle sue pubblicazioni scientifiche
L’epoca che abbiamo lasciato alle spalle si chiama Olocene, caratterizzata da un clima stabile, abbondanza d’acqua dolce e una biodiversità prospera e generosa: condizioni che hanno garantito all’uomo la possibilità di progredire ed espandersi rapidamente.
Con l’Antropocene invece si aprono scenari climatici sconosciuti e pericolosi per l’intera umanità e, in generale, per tutti gli esseri viventi sulla Terra.
Un gruppo di esperti di scienze del sistema Terra e della sostenibilità guidato da Johan Rockström ha identificato nove processi naturali che sono critici (per esempio sistema clima e ciclo dell’acqua) ma che ancora consentono di mantenere condizioni simili a quelle dell’Olocene.
Per evitare di trovarci in una situazione incontrollabile, gli scienziati hanno stabilito dei confini, dei limiti da non oltrepassare. È vitale quindi regolare le attività umane affinché non si aggiungano ulteriori pressioni sul sistema pianeta.
“Siamo la prima generazione a riconoscere che stiamo mettendo a rischio la capacità del sistema Terra di sostenere lo sviluppo umano” (Johan Rockström)
È bene ricordare che, purtroppo, quattro limiti sono già stati oltrepassati: cambiamenti climatici, trasformazione del suolo, flussi di azoto e fosforo e perdita della biodiversità.
A questo punto è facile intuire che i limiti biofisici del pianeta e la base sociale sono strettamente interconnessi.
Ma come si può passare dalla crescita infinita alla prosperità in equilibrio?
Come se ne viene fuori?
La crescita infinita dettata dal Pil ci ha portato in una situazione molto pericolosa.
Siamo dunque la prima generazione ad essere consapevole di dover attuare una trasformazione che miri ad un futuro sostenibile e ciò si può fare adeguando il nostro modo di vivere, comprare, viaggiare, gestire il denaro tenendo conto dei limiti sociali e planetari illustrati con la Ciambella. Questo modo di agire deve essere applicato a tutti i livelli: come persone, comunità, strategie dei governi e di aziende.
Per Kate Raworth possiamo vivere nello spazio sicuro ed equo della ciambella se si tengono conto di cinque fattori determinanti:
-Popolazione
Deve necessariamente stabilizzarsi: più abitanti ci sono più bisogni occorre soddisfare.
La buona notizia è che la popolazione tende a stabilizzarsi quando le persone vivono senza privazioni rispettando un livello minimo sociale (come previsto nella Ciambella). È particolarmente importante l’istruzione delle donne e l’assistenza sanitaria dei bambini: è così che si può andare nella direzione auspicata.
-Distribuzione della ricchezza globale
Le emissioni di gas serra vanno di pari passo con lo standard di vita di un popolo: tanto più lo stile di vita è alto tanto più aumentano tutti i consumi (dal cibo all’energia).
Come si fa a sfamare il 13% di popolazione malnutrita nel mondo?
Se si pensa che attualmente buona parte (tra il 30 e 50%) del cibo mondiale va perso dopo il raccolto, sprecato nelle catene di rifornimento e addirittura buttato dai nostri piatti alla pattumiera, la fame potrebbe essere debellata con il 10% del cibo prodotto ma che non viene mangiato.
- Aspirazioni
Entro il 2050 si prevede che il 70 % della popolazione mondiale vivrà in zone urbane con un conseguente alzamento dello standard di vita e di consumo.
È necessario rimodulare le nostre aspirazioni in alternativa al modello del consumismo.
-Tecnologia
Un altro fattore importantissimo è l’innovazione che deve rappresentare uno strumento per ottimizzare l’efficienza delle infrastrutture (alloggi autoriscaldanti o autorinfrescanti, trasporti con energie rinnovabili, etc)
-Governance
Sono necessarie strutture di governance efficaci come non lo sono mai state prima, a partire dal livello locale fino a quello globale. È una grande sfida visto che occorre contrastare gli interessi radicati da lungo tempo, le norme e aspettative di paesi, aziende e comunità.
Resta il fatto che bisogna affrontare complesse interazioni del sistema Terra e ridurre la pressione dell’umanità sui limiti del pianeta.
Se la bussola della Ciambella ci orienta verso la prosperità in equilibrio con il pianeta, come possiamo rappresentare graficamente l’economia in relazione al tutto?
Passiamo quindi alla 2a mossa
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确定合适播种量
小麦播种量受环境和区域影响较大，在播种过程中药综合考虑会土壤、水分、气候和品种等因素，确保播种量的适宜性。Golden Fruit: A Cultural History of Oranges in Italy (Toronto Italian Studies)
ISBN: 9781487502669 / 1487502664
Buy on Amazon
Through a close reading of key texts, including poetic and spiritual writings, fairy tales, and a botanical treatise, Golden Fruit examines the role of oranges in Italian culture from their introduction during the medieval period through to the present day. Featuring a beautiful full-colour spread, Cristina Mazzoni?s book brings together artistic depictions, literary analysis, historical context, and popular culture to investigate the changing representations of the orange over time and across the Italian peninsula.
Oranges were introduced to Italy in the 1200s, many centuries after beloved Mediterranean fruits such as grapes, figs, and pomegranates?all well-known since Antiquity. Not burdened with age-old meanings and symbolism, then, oranges in early modern times provided a malleable image for artists, writers, and scientists alike. Thus, in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, oranges appear in visual and verbal representations as an effective aid in physical and spiritual health, as symbols of romantic and of divine love, and as signs of geographic allegiance to one?s citrus-rich land. Baroque poets, botanists, and painters regularly compared oranges to women for their shared hybrid nature, whereas later folklore presented this dual character of oranges from an economic standpoint, as both precious and dangerous. The violence intrinsic to oranges in these Sicilian texts from the eighteen and nineteen hundreds returns in the controversial representations of the orange harvest in early twenty-first century Italy.
|Amazon Sales Rank||2,024,182|
|Publisher||University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division|
|Studio||University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division|
|Manufacturer||University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division|
|Dimensions||6.3 x 0.9 x 9.1 inches. 1.06 pounds|
|Package Dimensions||9.21 x 6.34 x 0.83 inches. 1.06 pounds|
English (Original Language)Focus (optics) facts for kids
In reality the focus is never a point but a small spot called the blur circle.
An image, or image point or region, is in focus if light from object points is converged almost as much as possible in the image, and out of focus if light is not well converged.
Images for kids
Focus (optics) Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.La storia segue un testardo ma affascinante progettista di satelliti che è costretto a collaborare con il fratello per salvare il mondo. Tutti i satelliti meteorologici hanno cominciato a malfunzionare, creando una tempesta artificiale, e devono viaggiare nello spazio per fermarla. Allo stesso tempo, è in atto un complotto per assassinare il presidente degli Stati Uniti.一套分切圆刀是由上下刀片组、卡圈和垫片组成。许多新手在操作的时候，不知道从哪里开始安装。在这里，可以事先挑选好上下叶片的安装方法。这类元件是非常锋利的。当设备启动后，板材的任何材料都将立即切割。
因此，在执行工作时，要求每个操作员始终保持较高的精神水平。远离切刀，执行压具时，需要高度警惕，以防止刀片划伤的可能性。
该元件在进行作业的时候，对切割材料有一定要求。分切圆刀在操作过程中不能切割两种或两种以上的材料，也不能切割两种不同的材料。对于以下规格的产品，一旦发生此类操作，它们容易产生操作危险，对操作人员有很大的潜在危害。
之后，要注意的是，在使用分切圆刀前，需要进行仔细检查，注意叶片是否有安全防护措施不足，检查分切刀片上是否有润滑油，并启动试切削设备。检查是否完好。检查过程中，要求两人共同工作，其中一人负责检查指挥工作，另一人负责对分切刀片的检查。3Oxford and the DictionaryOur range of over 500 dictionaries, thesauruses, and language reference works catersfor the needs of very young children up to the accomplished academic, and for speakersof different languages across the world.Different types of dictionary The Oxford English Dictionary – the definitive record of the English language since1150 Dictionaries of current English for general reference and academic study Dictionaries for children and students to the age of 16, supporting differentcurricula and international qualifications such as the iGSCE Dictionaries for learning English – designed for learners of English as a foreignlanguage. These are published for different countries around the world. Bilingual dictionaries for people learning and using other languages. Oxfordpublishes dictionaries in over 40 languages, from modern European languages toclassical languages, as well as languages from around the world, including Russian,Chinese, Japanese, Gujarati, and Swahili. Dictionaries looking at different varieties of English, such as Canadian, Australian,and South African English
The Oxford English DictionaryPerhaps the most famous Englishdictionary in the world is the Oxford EnglishDictionary (OED). The dictionary was thebrain-child of the Philological Society ofLondon, whose members started collectingexamples of word usage for what was tobecome the OED in the late 1850s. In 1879Oxford University Press agreed to takeover the work, appointing an editor andrevitalizing the data collection: words and their meanings were sent to the dictionary’soffice or ‘scriptorium’ by members of the public on ‘slips’, creating what was then theworld’s largest paper-based corpus or word bank. The dictionary was published ininstalments between 1884 and 1928, but it soon had to be expanded as new words andmeanings continued to flood into the language, and so over the period 1933-86 fivesupplementary volumes were published.Today, the Oxford English Dictionary is the accepted authority on the evolution of theEnglish language over the last millennium. It is an unsurpassed guide to the meaning,history, and pronunciation of over 600,000 words, both present and past. It tracesthe usage of words through 2.5 million quotations from a wide range of internationalEnglish language sources across the English-speakingworld, from classic literature and specialist periodicalsto film scripts and cookery books. Entries also containdetailed etymological analysis, making the OED aunique historical record of the English language.The Second Edition of the OED is currently availableas a 20-volume print edition, on CD-ROM, andalso online, where the text is now for the first timebeing completely revised to produce a Third Edition.Updated quarterly with some 2,500 new and revisedentries, OED Online offers unparalleled access to ‘thegreatest dictionary in any language’ (Daily Telegraph).
Dictionaries of current English for referenceand academic studyOxford publishes an extensive range of dictionaries to meet the changing needs ofdictionary users, including versions on CD-ROMs and online. The range includesdictionaries for students at college and university, dictionaries for family reference,and for use at work. The world-famous Concise Oxford English Dictionary, now in itseleventh edition, has been in print for over 90 years.Dictionaries written specificallyfor ChildrenOxford also prides itself on creating dictionarieswith age-appropriate content. This is particularlyimportant for children when they are first startingto use dictionaries. Through a rigorous approachof including child-friendly definitions, examples inthe context of the younger audience’s experiences,and example sentences from children’s literaturespanning a century of works, the Oxford EnglishDictionary for Schools leads the way and heads acomplete range of children’s dictionaries for use athome and school.Learning English as a ForeignLanguageIn the 1940s, A.S. Hornby, an English Languageteacher working in Japan, compiled the groundbreaking Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary(OALD). Hornby realized that people learningEnglish as a foreign language need a special type ofdictionary: a learner’s dictionary. His ideas put thelearners first, providing clear explanations, examplesentences, and help with using words correctly.Now in its seventh edition,and standing firm as thebest-selling advancedlearner’s dictionary forover 50 years, the OALDhas more words, moresynonyms, and more helpthan any other advancedlearner’s dictionary.
Dictionaries for differentvarieties of EnglishOxford publishes dictionaries in a numberof different countries, including: Australia and New Zealand – whereOUP publishes dictionaries andthesauruses for Primary and Secondaryschools. Monolingual dictionariesfor adults and Higher Education arealso available. There are also specificdictionaries developed for Primaryand Secondary schools in Papua NewGuinea. Canada – where OUP offers a range ofmonolingual Canadian dictionaries forthe adult and school markets as well ascompanion thesauruses. China – for regional and internationalmarkets, OUP China publishes EnglishChinese dictionaries and a broad rangeof college, academic, and general titlesabout and for China, again both in English and in Chinese. Malaysia – where OUP publishes local dictionaries in Malay, English, Chinese,Arabic, and Tamil. These are developed for Primary and Secondary schools. OUPalso offers local learner’s and monolingual dictionaries developed for the adult andHigher Education markets. India – where OUP publishes bilingual dictionaries in Hindi, Bengali, Oriya,Gujarati, Marathi, Kannada, etc. The range includes dictionaries for school andhigher education students as well as the general reader. Pakistan – where OUP offers a range of English–Urdu dictionaries for the generalreader and school students. Dictionaries for Sindhi speakers are in development. Kenya and Tanzania – where Kiswahili dictionaries have been created for Primaryschools and for general readers. South Africa – where a wide range of local dictionaries are available for schools andgeneral readers. As well as monolingual local dictionaries, the new bilingual rangeincludes dictionaries for speakers of Afrikaans, IsiXhosa, IsiZulu, Siswati, Sepedi,Sesotho, and Setswana.
What makes an Oxford Dictionary?People find dictionary-making fascinating. The 250th anniversary of Samuel Johnson’sDictionary in 2005 was widely celebrated, and the recent BBC television seriesBalderdash and Piffle had a huge response to its call to viewers to help track downelusive word and phrase origins for the OED. But how are dictionaries written today?And how do you know that what is included in a dictionary is accurate and up to date?Oxford English Corpus – language researchbased on real evidenceA corpus is a collection of texts of written (or spoken) languagepresented in electronic form. It provides the evidence of howlanguage is used in real situations, from which lexicographerscan write accurate and meaningful dictionary entries. The OxfordEnglish Corpus is at the heart of dictionary-making in Oxford in the21st century and ensures that OUP can track and record the verylatest developments in language today. By analysing the corpus andusing special software, we can see words in context and find outhow new words and senses are emerging, as well as spotting othertrends in usage, spelling, World English, and more.The Oxford English Corpus gives us the fullest, most accuratepicture of the language today. It represents all types of English,from literary novels and specialist journals to everyday newspapersand magazines as well as the language of chatrooms, emails, andweblogs. And, as English is a global language, used by an estimatedone third of the world’s population, the Oxford English Corpuscontains language from all parts of the world – not only from theUK and the United States but also from Australia, the Caribbean,Canada, India, Singapore, and South Africa. It is the largest Englishcorpus of its type: the most representative slice of the English language available.Oxford Dictionaries are continually monitoring and researching how language isevolving. The Oxford English Corpus is central to the process and to Oxford’s 35 millionresearch programme – the largest language research programme in the world.Meanings of words and phrases change and so do spellings, despite the existence of‘standard’ or ‘correct’ spelling. A strength of the corpus is that it contains not onlypublished works in which the text has been edited (and made to conform to standardspellings and grammar) but also unpublished and unedited writing like emails andweblogs.
The Oxford Reading ProgrammeThe Oxford Reading Programme exists to provide Oxford lexicographers with evidenceof how words are used today in the English-speaking world, and to alert them to theemergence of new words.The programme maintains a network of voluntary and paid readers who provide editorswith quotations which illustrate how words are used. Until the 1990s the quotationswere kept on alphabetically filed slips of paper. Now they are entered on a searchabledatabase called ‘Incomings’ which currently contains some 62 million words; onaverage, 17,000 quotations are sent in by readers every month.The Oxford Reading Programme has its origins in the programme of reading that wasstarted in 1857 for the Oxford English Dictionary.The range and quality of an Oxford Dictionary is beyond compare. Whatever yourlanguage needs and abilities, Oxford University Press has a dictionary for you.To find out more about the Oxford dictionaries available in your country, please visityour local Oxford University Press website’s Dictionary section.
What makes an Oxford Dictionary? People find dictionary-making fascinating. The 250th anniversary of Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary in 2005 was widely celebrated, and the recent BBC television series Balderdash and Piffle had a huge response to its call to viewers to help track down elusive word and phrase or
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
Chính Văn.- Còn đ
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apmak her zaman tercih edilebilir. Yakıcı güneş ışınlarından korunur, güvenli tatil yaparsınız. Deniz sıcaklığı yaz boyunca ısınır Ağustos ve Eylül aylarında en yüksek ısıya çıkar.
Yunanistan’da ekim ayında yüzülür mü?
Ekim ayında Yunanistan’da yüzebilir miyim? Evet ve kesinlikle! Özellikle Yunanistan’ın güney kesimlerinde hava sıcaklığı yüksek ve yaz ayları boyunca ısınan deniz suyu en sıcak olduğu dönemde olacaktır.
Yunanistan’da Ekim ayının sonunda hava nasıl?
Atina ya da kuzey bölgelerde hava sıcaklığı sonbahar aylarında düşmeye başlar, hava durumu Ekim ayında ve özellikle geceleri önemli ölçüde soğumaya başlar. Bu ayın ortalama sıcaklığı 19 ° C (66 ° F), ortalama düşük ise 15 ° C (59 ° C) ve ortalama yüksek 23 ° C (73 ° F). Fakat Girit ve Rodos adası gibi güneyde kalan Yunan adaları, yaz tatilini aratmayacak sıcaklıkları korumaya devam eder.Mentorlar/Rehberler ve Kullanıcılar için self-Learn e-Kılavuzları
self-Learn'nün güçlü zorluğu, öğrencilere kendilerini kendi başlarına geliştirmelerini teklif etmesinden gelir; Son kullanıcının uygulamayı tek başına başlatamaması durumunda mentorların/rehberlerin yardım sunmalarına izin verilir. Dolayısıyla, düşük vasıflı yetişkinler üzerindeki en önemli etki, öğrenme çabaları sırasında sosyal baskıyı bir kenara bırakarak kendilerini kişisel gelişim için motive etmeleri ve öğrenme isteksizliklerinin üstesinden gelmeleri, bu isteksizliğin başarısızlık korkusu nedeniyle cesaret kırılmasından kaynaklanmasıdır.
Bu nedenle, self-Learn düşük vasıflı yetişkinler üzerindeki en önemli etkisi, kullanıcılarımız artık temel becerilerini geliştirmeye istekli ve istekli olmasına rağmen, utanç faktörü de dahil olmak üzere tüm engelleri ortadan kaldırmak ve kişisel gelişimleri için yeni ufuklar açmaktır. Buna paralel olarak, self-Learn'ün mevcut düşük vasıflı yetişkinlerine beceri geliştirme çabalarında rehberlik etmeyi/desteklemeyi amaçlayan aile üyeleri veya yakın arkadaşlar, sistematik bir araç ve yaklaşıma sahip olacaktır. Örneğin bir kız/oğul, anne/babasının beceri geliştirme çabalarını desteklemeye istekliyse; Bu amaca ulaşmak için aşağıdaki bağlantı aracılığıyla çevrimiçi olarak sunulan self-Learn'ın rehberlik aracı sayesinde daha iyi durumda olacaklar. Bu nedenle, self-Learn'ün öncelikli amacı, düşük vasıflı yetişkinlerin kısa ve orta vadede kişisel gelişimlerinde daha ileri adım atmalarını engelleyen pratik yaşam engellerini kaldırmaktır; bu da asgari olarak özgüvenin, kendini geliştirme yeteneğinin ve istihdam edilebilirliğin artmasına yol açacaktır. Ayrıca, beceri geliştirme bireylerin refahını artıracak (istihdam edilebilirliğin artması ve/veya daha iyi istihdama paralel olarak) orta/uzun vadede daha zengin/daha varlıklı yaşamlara yol açacaktır.
Bazı düşük vasıflı yetişkinlerin Uygulamayı yükleme, başlatma ve/veya ötesinde zorluklarla karşılaşmasına paralel olarak; aile üyeleri/yakın akrabalar tarafından rehberlik/danışmanlık yapılması, bu kullanıcı grubuna yönelik aşağıda ayrı “rehberlik” ve “eğitim” ile organize edilmektedir. Düşük vasıflı yetişkinlerin kişisel gelişimleri için nasıl ele alınacağı ve teşvik edileceğine ilişkin tavsiyeler/talimatlar ve Uygulamanın nasıl kullanılacağına ilişkin talimatlar, sistematik ve didaktik bir şekilde belgelenmiştir.
Son olarak, düşük vasıflı yetişkinlerin rehberleri/akıl hocaları tarafından yönlendirilmesi, düşük vasıflı yetişkinlerin hala başlama konusunda tereddüt etmesi durumunda bir tür yedektir.
e-Kılavuzun ikinci sürümü, son kullanıcıların Uygulama kullanımını hedeflemektedir.Kaza, Team Penske-Chevrolet pilotu Josef Newgarden, 5. viraja girilmeden önce 4. virajın çıkışında çizgiden taşıp çime çıkmasıyla tetiklendi.
Antrenman turlarındaki şaft probleminin ardından yarışa 17. sıradan başlayan Herta’nın takım arkadaşı Hunter-Reay, direksiyonu sağa kırıp biraz frenlese de kazadan kaçamayan bir başka pilot oldu ve Penske’nin aracının ön kısmına çarptı.
8. sırada bulunan Newgarden, çizgiden taşarak çimlere değdi ve aracın kontrolünü kaybederek pistin ortasına doğru spin attı.
Hunter-Reay’ın Twitter hesabından paylaştığı ekran görüntüleri, Newgarden’ın ön lastiğinin Hunter-Reay’ın aracının aeroscreen’ine saatte 200 km hızla çarptığını açıkça gözler önüne seriyor.
2012 IndyCar şampiyonu ve 2014 Indy500 kazananı Hunter-Reay, sosyal medya hesaplarından paylaştığı açıklamada şu ifadelere yer verdi: ‘’Unutulası bir hafta sonuydu. Antrenman ve sıralama turlarında şaft problemleri yaşadık. Sonrasında ise ilk turdaki zincirleme kazaya karışınca yarışımız daha başlamadan bitti. IndyCar, aeroscreen için size minnettarım. Muhtemelen hayatımı kurtaran şey oydu.”
Konu hakkında konuşan Gosselin, ‘’Evet, takımın geliştiğini düşünüyorum, şimdi sadece bunu pistte göstermek kaldı.’’ ‘’O yüzden bu hafta sonu iyi bir iş çıkarmamız gerek. #28’i ait olduğu yere yeniden çıkarmak için tamamen konsantre olmuş durumdayız.’’ ifadelerini kullandı.Segnalo un articolo di Simon Nixon pubblicato sul Wall Street Journal del 28 Gennaio.
“Un taglio del debito della Grecia – scrive a un certo punto Nixon – sembra fuori discussione. La Germania e la Finlandia hanno già espresso la loro opposizione, altri governi sono sulla stessa lunghezza d’onda.
Grazie ai bailout precedenti, la Grecia gode già, rispetto a qualsiasi governo della zona euro, di scadenze del debito più lunghe e di tassi di interesse tra i più bassi, in proporzione al PIL. Qualche ulteriore allentamento delle condizioni di rimborso è possibile, ma i governi europei non sono disposti ad essere generosi nei confronti dei contribuenti greci quando i contribuenti nei loro paesi sono tartassati. Coloro che sostengono che la volontà degli elettori greci debba essere rispettata dimenticano che anche gli altri 18 membri della zona euro hanno mandati democratici.
Un ostacolo potenzialmente più grande è la questione del programma di riforme della Grecia. Qui, è la Spagna, piuttosto che la Germania che può rivelarsi l’avversario più implacabile di Tsipras. Per Madrid è scontato che qualsiasi accordo con il leader greco debba essere basato su impegni di riforma almeno altrettanto duri rispetto a quelli concordati con l’ex primo ministro Antonis Samaras. Qualsiasi cedimento rispetto a questo rappresenterebbe una vittoria per Tsipras e rafforzerebbe il nuovo partito della sinistra radicale spagnola, Podemos.
Il governo spagnolo ritiene che la svolta nella sua economia – una previsione di crescita vicina al 3% per il prossimo anno e una disoccupazione scesa di 400.000 unità nel 2014 – è la prova che un robusto programma di riforme pro-market è l’unica strada per uscire dalla crisi. Secondo fonti vicine al Governo, Madrid ritiene che sarebbe interesse della Spagna e della zona euro far uscire la Grecia dalla zona euro, piuttosto che rafforzare Podemos e mettere a rischio la ripresa.
In altre parole, per Eurolandia potrebbe essere necessario sacrificare la Grecia per salvare la Spagna.”
_____________________
Peccato che i Paesi dell’Europa del Sud si comportino come i capponi di Renzo Tramaglino che si beccavano l’un l’altro, invece di fare fronte comune nelle trattative con la Germania e l’Europa del nord. (LZ)功能：若何叫‘进级版的耶稣的葬礼’...
使用说明：回覆战北城的
软件介绍：先喝杯水
你去车上把那份资料拿过来.
不要走
柳眉伸展了良多
需要的时辰...
才淡然启齿...
主要功能：感谢感动你
软件名称：紧紧收在一路...
就要星夜后果立崖岸
倏忽一道白影闪了过来
我担忧会影响到孙蜜斯
没有甚么升沉的波澜
温氏这边经由之前的婚变闹剧名声已承遭到必定的损失踪踪
那位置已空了
;替星夜烧水泡好茶”“
还得好好奖励他Color in Art is a book that explores colours as they used in paintings from history.
There are over 200 artworks featured, includes mostly paintings but there are also other ornaments, statues, etc. Art historian Stefano Zuffi looks at each one and talks about the significance of the colours as they are used in the art, and also about the colour as a material.
The text also talks a bit about the artists, background of the artworks and the time period around the time they were created. Many of the artworks are quite famous.
It's an interesting read. For example, it talked about blue as it evolved from a 'barbarian' colour to something that's popular in current day in jeans, uniforms, etc. There's a bit on the colour phases that artists went through, such as Goya's black paintings, or Picasso's Blue Period.
The book does not cover the colour harmony part. It just focuses on the dominant colour of the subject, which I guess for the purpose of the book is enough.
It's an insightful book worth checking out, and reading through will give more meaning to the artworks you might already know of.
Visit Amazon to check out more reviews.
The links below are affiliate links, which means I earn some commission from each purchase, but at no extra cost to you.Callicoma billardieri D.Don
Callicoma ferruginea D.Don
Codia serratifolia Ser. ex DC.
Hermesia banksiifolia Spreng.
Pancheria billardieri (D.Don) Pamp.
Common Name: Black Wattle
Callicoma serratifolia is a evergreen bushy shrub or small tree; it can grow 15 - 20 metres tall but is usually less than 10 metres in cultivation. The bole of large specimens
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�ده بود (Strap-Iron Rails)، تسمههای فلزی برای دوام بیشتر و کاهش اصطکاک استفاده میشدند، مشکل این ریلها این بود که تسمهها از روی بستر چوبی جدا شده و در کف واگنها فرو میرفت.
در سالهای 1793 تا 1805 بنجامین اوترام یک خط ریلی به طول 8 کیلومتر برای حمل ذغالسنگ بین معدن ذغال سنگ “دربی کانال” و بندر “لیتل ایتون” در انگلستان احداث نمود، مقطع ریلهای این خط به شکل L و دارای سه فوت طول و جرم 14 کیلوگرم در هر متر بود، تراورسهای این خط از سنگ و گیج آن 1067 mm بود، این ریلها چدنی بودند و در طولهای 3-4 فوت ریختهگری میشدند و در یک طرف ریلها پایهای جهت اتصال به بستر سنگی وجود داشت، ریلها به شکل L ساخته میشدند تا چرخها از ریل خارج نشوند، در این دوره چرخها به شکل یک رینگ صاف بدون لبه بودند که بهدلیل عرض کم امکان حرکت در سایر جادهها را نداشتند.
در سال 1789 میلادی اولین ریلهای تاجدار (Edge Rail) توسط ویلیام جسوف ابداع شد، این ریلها در طولهای 3 تا 4 فوت تولید میشدند و از جنس چدن بودند، این ریلها بهدلیل شکل هندسیشان به نام ریلهای گرده ماهی)(Fish Belly Rail) شناخته میشدند، این ریلها ترد بودند و میشکستند و خیلی زود از دور خارج شدند.
دو سراین ریلها بر روی بلوکهای چدنی قرار گرفته و توسط گوه در جایگاه خود تنظیم میشدند و یک ریل طویل تشکیل میدادند، در این دوره چرخها فلنجدار شدند و به مرور مشخص شد که این ترکیب چرخ و ریل کارایی خوبی دارد.
با اختراع دستگاه نورد در سالهای 1825 تا 1840 میلادی توسط “جان بریکسهاو” ساخت ریلهای طویل ممکن شد، جنس این ریلها از آهن و طول آنها 15 فوت (4.6 متر) و جرم آنها 17.9 کیلوگرم بر متر بود که بهوسیله پابندهای گوهای و پیچ به بلوکهای سنگی وصل میشدند. در این دوره خطوط راهآهن توسط شرکتهای مختلف ساخته میشد و گسترش زیادی پیدا کرد.
شکل هندسی و گیج ریلها با یکدیگر متفاوت بود، اما بیشترین طرحهای هندسی ریلها به سه شکل زیر بودند، ریلهای T شکل نخستین بار در سال 1831 میلادی در آمریکا استفاده شدند اما بهدلیل آنکه در آنزمان در آمریکا کارخانه نورد وجود نداشت در انگلستان تولید و به آمریکا ارسال شدند، این ریلها بعدا در انگلستان نیز مرسوم شدند.
شکلهای زیر سیر تحول ریل را در دورههای مختلف نشان میدهد.
اولین ریل پاشنه دار در سال 1836 توسط چارلز ویگنولز در انگلستان ابداع شد، در ابتدا پاشنه این ریلها عریضتر از پاشنه ریلهای امروزی بود اما این طرح بعدا اصلاح و شبیه ریلهای امروزی شد.( تصویر زیر ریل ویگنولز در سال 1839 میلادی و ریل ویگنولز در سال 1840 میلادی رانشان میدهد)
در همین دوره بود که امکان اشباع کردن الوارهای چوبی با کروزت فراهم و تراورسهای چوبی در راهآهن مرسوم شد.
اولین ریل فولادی در سال 1857 میلادی ساخته شد، ریلهای فولادی اولین بار در ایستگاه راهآهن شهر دربی میدلند انگلستان استفاده شدند، جایی که بدلیل تغییر شکل و سایش، ریلهای آهنی هر 6 ماه و بعضا سه ماه یکبار باید تعویض میشدند اما ریلهای فولادی پس از 6 سال کار همچنان پابرجا بودند و 16 سال دوام آوردند. استفاده از ریلهای فولادی زمینهساز گسترش راهآهن در سراسر دنیا شد.
انواع ریل
هم اکنون انواع ریل در کشورهای جهان با استانداردهای متفاوت و بهمنظور مصارف مختلف تولید میشود که اهم آنها به شرح زیر است:
1- ریل راهآهن
2- ریلهای راهآهنی سبک برای حمل و نقل شهری و معادن با جرم کمتر از 81 کیلوگرم بر متر
3- ریل شیاردار
4- ریل جرثقیل
5- ریل LR55
در تصاویر زیر ریلهای مختلف نشان داده شده است:
ریل راهآهن
ریل جرثقیل
ریل LR 55
– ریل شیاردار
در خطوط تراموای شهری به دلایل زیر از ریلهای شیاردار استفاده میشود:
1- وجود قوسهای تند در خطوط شهری و جلوگیری ار خروج از ریل چرخها
2- کاهش خوردگی چرخ و ریل
3- کاهش هزینههای تعویض ریل
4- امکان تردد همزمان انواع وسایل نقلیه عمومی و ریلی
5- کاهش دستاندازهای ایجاد شده به واسطه خطوط ریلی در سطح شهرها
این ریل در سال 1851 میلادی توسط آلفونسه لوبات(Alphonse Loubat ) جهت تراموای پاریس ابداع شد.
ریل LR 55
ریل LR 55 انقلابی در سیستم حمل و نقل شهری بهوجود آورد و از سال 1696 در انگلستان مرسوم شد و علاوه بر امتیازات ریل شیاردار دارای مزایای زیر است:
1- امکان نصب سریع در معابر شهری
2- کمترین هزینه جابهجایی تاسیسات شهری
3- وارد کردن کمترین مقدار نیرو بر سطح معابر و تاسیسات شهری
4- ایجاد ارتعاش و صدای کمتر
5- امکان حرکت تراموا در قوسهای با شعاع 12 متر و سوزنهای با شعاع 24 متر“Sell your possessions!
That do not wear out!
Have an unfailing treasure
Πωλήσατε τὰ ὑπάρχοντα ὑμῶν καὶ δότε ἐλεημοσύνην· ποιήσατε ἑαυτοῖς βαλλάντια μὴ παλαιούμενα, θησαυρὸν ἀνέκλειπτον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, ὅπου κλέπτης οὐκ ἐγγίζει οὐδὲ σὴς διαφθείρει·
Luke indicated that Jesus told them to sell their possessions (Πωλήσατε τὰ ὑπάρ
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life to succeed. They do everything possible to be a successful person. For them, success depends only on the amount of hard work they can put into their work. Besides that, a successful person is somebody who has been able to start a project and see it to the end and should also have guided quiet a number of people to bring their own projects to completion. A successful person also who is able to achieve an aim, fame, wealth or social position. Thus, there are some qualities that I feel justified in calling an individual a successful person. The first qualities that I found in a successful person are they work on themselves and never quit. Most of the successful people work on their personality, their leadership skills, management skills, and every other detail of life. When a relationship or business deal goes sour, they assume they can learn from it and they expect to do better next time. Successful people don't tolerate flaws and they fix themselves in a position. Besides that, they are self -reliant and take responsibility in their work. Successful person they don't worry about blame, and they don't waste time complaining. They make decisions and move on. Sometimes they are criticized for taking this to extremes. Extremely successful person take the initiative and accept the responsibilities of success. The next qualities of a successful person are they know how to separate what is important and what is not important. We have so many decisions to make every day. We sometimes lose our mind of what day it is because of the number of things that we think about every day. When we are able to separate what is important from what is not, we will find ourselves accomplishing the goals more fast and find ourselves doing more of what we want to do rather than things we have to do. On top of that, they also make decisions and take action. Either it is right or wrong action, they do accept it. Successful person are also an open minded and are willing to learn.
This essay is an example of a student's work
They take the time to study and learn what is necessary to improve their skills. They are open to thoughts, suggestions, solutions, new information and change rather than thinking they already know everything, that there is nothing much to learn. They are also a positive person.Successful people don't let negative events alter their ego. They see the glass half full and not half empty. They are known as the ones who raise the positiveness among others. Those around them want to stay with them because they make them feel better. Furthermore, they never criticize others and never complain about others. Successful people don't criticize others when they are not listening, because otherwise people among them will recognize them as persons who tend to talk behind others. Everyone is able to complain about things. Bad things happen and complaining about them it's not a good solution to stop them to happen. If they're wrong, they are admitting to be wrong as a sign of superiority, and that's what successful people do. Trustworthy are also plays important roles for a successful person. We have know that ourselves clearly and trust ourselves at all situation. And at the meanwhile, don't forget to improve ourselves from work, books and others. We also need to focus on what we want and focus on our goal and know what we want in detail. Successful person are also leaders and thinkers.
They don't follow the pack. They are innovative and quick to offer solutions when an issue arises. They are very fast-thinkers. Successful people read books a lot. Books that will help them get ahead, become motivated, and improve their lives. They know that college or university is not the end of their learning. It may just be the beginning. Besides, successful person also is a good thinker. They solve problems, they never lack ideas for building an organization, and they always have hope for a better future. Good thinkers rarely find themselves at the mercy of ruthless people who would take advantage of them or try to deceive them. They also rule themselves under an oppressive ruler or in other difficult circumstances.
Successful people are the best time managers. They carefully check out the time frame within which they have to achieve their objectives. No matter what comes in their way, they do not stop from sticking to these timelines. Either it's their family, friends or commitments they do not compromise on their schedule and will manage in completing all planned activities within the time planned. They precaution not to be interrupted and if such circumstances arise, they go ahead with what they had originally planned. This shows that they are focused in accomplishing great tasks. The next qualities of a successful person are how the goal is or the route to achieving it, they never give up. They face every obstacle head on. Success is everywhere. People who earn their respect and reputation are successful, and people can reach their goal by their endeavor are also successful. Success is a happiness of every one's life. Thus, these are the qualities that I feel justified in calling an individual as a successful person.
If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have the essay published on the UK Essays website then please click on the link below to request removal:Özgül Isı Tüketimi Terimi Hakkında Bilgiler
Elektrik Terimi Olarak Özgül Isı Tüketimi:
Santralda tüketilen yakıtın ısı eşdeğerinin, üretilen elektrik enerjisine oranıdır. Bu değer, belirli bir süre için hesaplanır ve üretilen enerji gibi brüt ya da net olabilir.
Benzer Elektrik Terimleri:
Açık Devre: Devre anahtarı, devreden akımın geçmesini engelleyecek konumda ise bu devreye kapalı devre denir.
Elektrik Tesisleri: Elektrik enerjisini; üretimi, transformasyonu (yükseltme ve indirme), iletimi, dağıtımı ve kullanımını sağlayan yapılar, binalar, makineler, aygıtlar,
Radyal Şebeke: Elektrik hatlarının yalnız bir noktadan beslendiği şebeke ya da şebeke bölümüdür.
Kullanıcı: Merkezi Yük Dağıtıma dahil edilen Üretim Gruplarına ya da Doğrudan Bağlı Üretim Santrallarına sahip tüm Enerji Üreticileri, tüm Lisanslı Hizmeti Sağla
Al: Enerji üreticisinin "al ya da öde" yakıt sözleşmesindeki, MAMS ile üzerinde anlaşmaya varılmış olan günlük minimum enerji alım miktarı.
Tarife Dışı Müşteri: Tüketiciye Satış Hizmeti Sağlayıcılarından birinden, TEDAŞ'ın ve/veya DHS'lerin birinin ve/veya TEİAŞ'ın standart hükümlerine göre değil, özel anlaşma
Elektrik Faturasında Belirtilen Güç: Elektrik Faturası bedelinin hesaplanmasında esas alınan güç değeridir.
Yardımcı Hizmetler: Bir iletim veya dağıtım sisteminin işletilmesi için gerekli tüm hizmetler.Need to know
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"What is confidentiality?
An obligation to the provider of information to maintain the secrecy of that information."
Source: UN Economic Commission for Europe, 2009"
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Confidentiality: the obligation to protect identity and privacy
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The Science Behind The Plant Air Purifier
How the Plant Air Purifier Works
The Plant Air Purifier® uses a common houseplant to clean the air. Plants have natural air-cleaning abilities, but to use plants as air filters is difficult due to the numerous houseplants necessary to clean air sufficiently and efficiently. This is the capability of the Plant Air Purifier®; one Plant Air Purifier® has the cleaning power of 100 standard houseplants. The Plant Air Purifier® achieves this through a unique design that increases airflow past the root system which is the host of toxin consuming microbes.
Air containing toxic elements passes through the porous growing media and activated carbon by means of a high velocity fan. The activated carbon within the media attracts chemicals and holds them until the microscopic organisms (microbes) eat the toxins. The byproducts of the consumption process are nontoxic food and energy for themselves and the host plant. Over time microbes adapt to their environment and the chemicals they are exposed to; they quickly acclimate to the amount and type of toxins in the air, thus becoming more efficient at consuming these chemicals.
After a plant is repotted from soil to hydroculture, the plant grows what are known as “water roots”. These roots are adaptive of the plant to its environment and continue to be a host to the microbes. Hydroculture, as opposed to soil, allows for the roots and microbes to be exposed to more air therefore collecting and consuming toxins more efficiently than soil-grown plants. Microbes are exceptional at consuming organic, or carbon based, particles such as volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, known carcinogens.
The inner pot is specially designed to ensure the maximum air flow through the media and activated carbon allowing the air to be cleaned more efficiently. The pot design is also intended to hold enough water for up to one week depending on the number of hours the fan is run and the humidity in the air. The water window is a simple way to see when the plant needs watering or the base needs cleaning of residue build up. The low-water shutoff built into the unit stops the fan in the event the plant is low on water. This shutoff mechanism prevents the plant roots from drying if the water level becomes too low. Combining hydroculture, air circulation, and nature’s natural ability to clean the air, Dr. Wolverton and the design team of the Plant Air Purifier® developed a product that can clean indoor air and significantly reduce peoples exposure to harmful airborne toxins.Friday, 27 February 2009
آمیخته با تهران ..
آیا به همان اندازه که تهران در من تنیده شده است
من هم با تهران آمیخته ام؟
تهران در همه چیز آمیخته می شود
بی رنگیه بزرگش
لکه های رنگ را فرو می دهد
گونه هایت کدر می شوند
چه با دستمال زن سیاه پوش دربان .. در آستانه ورود به جایی
چه در منوکسید کربن
تهران رنگ را می بلعد
حتی از نمای مضحک اپارتمانهای رنگی ...
خاکستری غالبش آدم را تهی می کند از رنگ..
خاکستریه غالب اما ، در مردمک چشم مردمانش بیشتر موج می زند ..تا آنچه موجود است..
مردمان شیفته ی فرو دادن رنگ
مشوقان "رعایت" و "حجب" و "سنگینی" ...
Posted by Golrokh at 04:46The Oil/Gas Distribution Industry comprises companies that move two of the most important energy commodities, and their derivatives, from the wellhead to the ultimate consumer. These enterprises perform tasks such as the gathering and processing of gas, intrastate and interstate transport, and final delivery to the customer. A majority has no operations outside the United States. Too, most are organized as master limited partnerships, a feature that has important tax consequences.
As income vehicles, the partnerships generally pay out most of their free cash flow in cash distributions and, thus, have well above-average yields. Some corporations in the group also pay dividends. Given that the industry needs to raise capital to grow, appreciation potential is usually below average. But investors seeking income or growth and income can often find good prospects. At times, the group's performance may become exaggerated. For example, energy transport limited partnership units outperformed the broader market over a period lasting nearly ten years in the early part of this century, reflecting rising cash distribution. Nonetheless, the units can fall victim to a rapid turn in investor sentiment, and sell off sharply.
The Energy Outlook
The U.S. economy has grown steadily more energy efficient since the first oil shock in 1973, and that will certainly continue, due to growing conservation measures and rising oil prices. Nonetheless, demand for oil and gas in the United States and Canada will very likely expand almost yearly, though at a somewhat slower pace than the economy. Despite a great deal of publicity, most observers do not think that alternative energy sources can replace much fossil fuel, at least over the near term. Nuclear power is again being viewed as a "clean" energy source, but lingering memories of the Three Mile Island crisis of 1979 will probably keep new plants to a minimum.
More important for this industry, the sources of oil and gas are sure to change over time. New gas deposits will be developed and come online (e.g., the Marcellus Shale in the Northeast and the Barnett and Haynesville Shales in Texas and adjoining states), and will need new pipes. And if oil prices trend above historical averages, mining of the Canadian oil sands in Alberta may well experience improved economics. Pipeline companies with assets near new resources should profit from their development.
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) sets maximum prices on interstate pipelines, but the law generally permits distributors to raise tariffs at the rate of producer price inflation plus 1.3%. While that formula could yield a tariff decrease in rare deflationary times, it more commonly helps. Intrastate activities are overseen by states, and some of the industry's operations, such as gas processing, are unregulated. The FERC also regulates construction of new pipelines, requiring a certificate of convenience and necessity before a permit is issued. That reduces competition, though, as noted, the FERC caps tariffs on interstate pipes.
Revenues and Market Risks
A high proportion of this industry's revenues is not related to the volume of business, offering the investor above-average safety. A majority of pipeline revenues, both interstate and intrastate, stems from transport capacity, with relatively little depending on the volumes of products shipped. Moreover, these companies often sell around 80% of the capacity of new pipelines before they break ground, reducing the risk associated with any new venture. But the industry is somewhat exposed to commodity prices in its midstream gas processing activities, where it is difficult to hedge. Companies also earn
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�王室的蜜月很短。1990年，伊拉克入侵科威特，威胁到了沙特阿拉伯的安全，奥萨马专门为此会见沙特王储，提出可以提供十万名战士来保卫沙特阿拉伯。沙特阿拉伯王室最终向美国求助，使得奥萨马开始公开批评王室，最终导致奥萨马在沙特无法立足。既然苏丹的巴希尔和图拉比如此好客，奥萨马就来到了苏丹。
被击毁的伊拉克武装。科威特
来到苏丹的奥萨马很快就见到了图拉比。两个人的观点非常相似，一谈就拢。图拉比本人也是阿富汗圣战的长期支持者，自己至少去了白沙瓦六次，还是本拉登的一个重要合作伙伴，巴勒斯坦的阿卜杜拉阿赞姆Abdullah Azam的朋友，两个人还都与另外一个著名的阿富汗圣战支持者拉赫曼的朋友。图拉比对奥萨马对沙特王室的失望表示理解和支持，不仅也反对沙特邀请美国军队踏上自己的土地，还共同认定沙特王室已经腐化，背叛了真正的伊斯兰道路。本拉登也向图拉比展示了自己在苏丹的投资计划，自然也是得到了图拉比的大力支持，协助安排了本拉登的建筑公司进口设备的免税事宜，给本拉登在自己家的旁边安排的住所，亲自安排保镖。1992年，本拉登正式定居喀土穆。
哈桑图拉比
本拉登对图拉比和巴希尔的慷慨也是有回报的，他本人立刻缴纳五千美元，成了执政党民族伊斯兰阵线NIF的会员，随后又向这个大众阿拉伯和伊斯兰大会PAIC捐款一百万美元。作为商人的本拉登也得到了自己的回报，他很快就得到了苏丹不少政府项目，包括从喀土穆到苏丹港口的高速公路项目，苏丹港口外的机场项目等等。此外，本拉登还在苏丹投资银行业、农业，参与农产品出口等等，非常活跃。这也是本拉登建立自己的网络的好机会。利用建筑公司，本拉登把阿拉伯的圣战者们都召集到了喀土穆，一边在他自己的建筑公司和农业项目工作，一边进行武装培训，设立训练营。本拉登自己宣称运输这些圣战者的机票钱就高达两百万美元。本拉登自己出资建造的武装分子训练营成果颇丰，到1994年底，二十三个训练营至少培训了五千名圣战战士。
苏丹港
苏丹成了伊斯兰恐怖分子的中心，邻居们就遭殃了。本来不少恐怖分子就是从这些邻国到苏丹避难的，这些人当然不会忘了给原来来的地方找麻烦。埃及谴责苏丹训练的武装分子向议会议长行刺，突尼斯指责图拉比和苏丹政府官员向突尼斯走私武器，试图刺杀突尼斯总统。在阿尔及利亚，内战中很多反政府的伊斯兰斗士，都是在苏丹培训出来的。反对卡扎菲的利比亚反对势力也在苏丹一直有立足之地，1993年试图刺杀卡扎菲，1995年索性发动了武装袭击。巴勒斯坦的哈马斯和苏丹的联系也非常紧密。索马里内战的各个穆斯林势力，和苏丹也关系密切；在厄立特里亚和埃塞尔比亚的伊斯兰武装分子，也有不少来自苏丹。苏丹培训出来的恐怖分子给整个阿拉伯地区带来了巨大的麻烦。这些人的活动范围可不局限于伊斯兰世界。1993年世贸中心大楼被炸一案，最终被定罪的人里面有六个是苏丹人，两名苏丹外交官因为与这个案件有关被驱逐。几年前抵达美国的拉赫曼也在1996年被判终身监禁。苏丹支持恐怖主义的高潮，是在1995年。埃及总统穆巴拉克在亚的斯亚贝巴参加非洲统一组织会议，从机场进城的路上，遭到了埃及恐怖分子的袭击。这些恐怖分子在行刺之前，就隐蔽在苏丹境内。这次行刺以失败告终，大部分成员被捕，三个成员逃回苏丹。对这次事件的调查把线索指向了图拉比，还有苏丹的几个高级官员。这一次，苏丹遭到了邻居们的强力谴责，穆巴拉克直接对图拉比和巴希尔开骂。联合国也开始介入，开始了对苏丹的制裁，要求苏丹交出三个刺杀穆巴拉克的疑犯。
穆巴拉克是打击伊斯兰武装势力的强硬派
国际压力下，巴希尔政府坚持不住了。首先宣布禁止大众阿拉伯和伊斯兰会议活动，随后开始遣返外国战士们。本拉登也在1996年被告知需要带上他的人马离开苏丹，奥萨马离开的时候，非常不高兴。不过到这个时候，本拉登已经积蓄了足够的力量，建立了足够广泛的网络，在伊斯兰世界得到了足够的支持，足够本拉登的基地组织成为全世界伊斯兰圣战的中心了。虽然离开了苏丹，但是苏丹培养出来的伊斯兰圣战者们，继续着自己的影响力。1998年八月，基地组织早在1994年就布置在东非的战士们制造了肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚的美国大使馆爆炸案，导致两百六十三人死亡，五千多人受伤。作为报复，美国总统克林顿下令轰炸了苏丹境内的一家制药厂，声称这是化学武器生产基地。到目前也没有什么证据证明这家制药厂和化学武器有什么关联，不过苏丹自己生产药物的能力，大受影响。
被炸后的美国驻肯尼亚大使馆
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🙂【原创】非洲风云 三十 苏丹 上大家好！我是家喻户晓的普通电池，我是给遥控汽车，玩具……提供电源的。我的亲戚有很多，用途也很广泛，如：大号电池是给相机提供能量的。离子电池是安装在手机上的……但是我们体内都有一种土，名字叫稀土，因为它才使我们能量大，用起来轻捷方便，所以受到了人们的青眯，在超市里，商场里，家庭里……都有我兄弟姐妹的身影。
可是许多人一点也不爱护我们，把我们踢倒土地里，使土地寸草不生，把我们扔到河水里，使河水受到污染；所有的动物毒亡；把我们烧掉，使空气受到严重的破坏……国家为了清理我们，浪费了许多精力、人力、物力。
现在，我们的用途大大地减少了，那是因为许许多多的电器用上电线，无线电波……人类，请你们别抛弃我们！我会更加努力的改善自己，为你们做出更大的贡献吧！我忠诚的请求你们别抛弃我们！精彩内容，尽在百度攻略：http://gl.baidu.comA computer desktop has a lot of components which tend to heat up to very high temperatures. Although the computer comes with installed fans they do not always cool it down. The overheating, however, can be contained depending on how you maintain your desktop. Keeping the computer cool is important since overheating can cause serious damages. All this can be avoided by good maintenance of ones computer. Below are various ways you can keep your computer cool. With most of them being very much cost efficient.
1. Change your computer fan.
If your current fan does not seem to do the job it is advisable to get a better upgrade fan. The fan will cool your computer faster and more effectively. A larger fan will always be a good option since it keeps the computer cooler than the already installed ones. One of the most important component in your desktop is the CPU . Always make sure the CPU fan is working at its optimal, this will prevent your computer from getting damaged. Here is how to change your CPU fan.
2. Keep your desktop in an open space.
A good air flow is very important when it comes to maintaining the computer temperature. You should keep the desktop in an open space where it cools easily. Make sure there are no obstacles around it especially where the fans are located. This will cool the computer better as compared to just allowing the fans to do all the work in a closed space.
3. Keep your computer clean.
A desktop gathers a lot of dirt especially if it is placed near the ground. You should not ignore the fact that the computer should be cleaned to ensure it works efficiently. Most of the times when the fan slows down dirt is the common cause. Cleaning the internal fans will speed up it up. You just need to turn off the computer, open up the casing and find the location of the fans to clean. One fan is around the CPU, the other is inside the power supply and another behind the case.
4.Install a water cooling kit.
This may seem absurd but actually a water cooling kit can be installed . The water kit works in a way that it absorbs heat from the components of the desktop. Cycle of the water makes sure the computer is regularly cooled down.
These methods should be considered especially if you are aiming to increase the lifespan of your computer. Choose whichever best suits your computer.Materials in contact with drinking water
Improve the European regulatory context
The 4MS abbreviation means the four Member States which collaborate in the harmonization of requirements for the hygienic suitability of products in contact with drinking water. The 4 countries are Germany, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. This group was created in 2006 after the failure of the European Commission’s project "European Acceptance Scheme", which intended to create a unique European system to assess hygienic aspects of products in contact with drinking water. After several years of informal work, the 4MS officialised their cooperation by a declaration of intent in 2011.
The work they do is carefully monitored by the CEIR Sanitary Technical Committee. Manufacturers are extremely conscious of hygiene issues and while they are improving their products, they stay in close touch with regulatory initiatives. The CEIR Sanitary Technical Committee is in constant contact with representative of the 4MS t
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� خردادماه ۹۶ به صورت دوفوریتی تقدیم مجلس شد ولی در جلسه علنی ۲۱ خردادماه مجلس صرفا یک فوریت آن به تصویب رسید. در تیرماه ۹۶، کمیسیون های اقتصادی و صنایع و معادن مجلس هم با تصویب کلیات این لایحه مخالفت کردند. کمیسیون کشاورزی مجلس هم با تصویب تبصره ۱ ماده ۱ لایحه مذکور مبنی بر انتزاع بخش بازرگانی از وزارت جهاد کشاورزی مخالفت کرد. صرفا کلیات این لایحه و بخش مربوط به تفکیک وزارت ورزش و جوانان در تابستان پارسال به تصویب کمیسیون های اجتماعی (به عنوان کمیسیون اصلی) و برنامه و بودجه مجلس رسید. با این وجود، با توجه به پافشاری دولت و با پیشنهاد رئیس مجلس، این لایحه دولت مجددا در کمیسیونی تحت عنوان کمیسیون مشترک اصلاح بخشی از ساختار دولت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و همانطور که اشاره شد، مجددا کلیات آن رد شد.
جنجالی ترین بخش های لایحه اصلاح بخشی از ساختار دولت، ماده ۱ و تبصره ۱ این ماده مبنی بر تفکیک وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت، احیای وزارت بازرگانی و لغو قانون تمرکز وظایف و اختیارات مربوط به بخش کشاورزی در وزارت جهاد کشاورزی است.
*دیدگاه مرکز پژوهش ها درباره بخش های جنجالی لایحه تفکیک وزارتخانه ها
تیرماه و مردادماه ۹۶، مرکز پژوهشهای مجلس با انتشار دو گزارش جداگانه درباره ماده ۱ لایحه اصلاح بخشی از ساختار دولت و تبصره ۱ این ماده، با تفکیک وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت، احیای وزارت بازرگانی و لغو قانون تمرکز وظایف و اختیارات مربوط به بخش کشاورزی در وزارت جهاد کشاورزی مخالفت کرد. در گزارش اول با محوریت ماده ۱ این لایحه که اواسط تیرماه ۹۶ منتشر شد و بازتاب رسانه ای نسبتا وسیعی داشت، این مرکز پژوهشی با تفکیک وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت مخالفت و بر لزوم تکمیل فرآیند ادغام در این وزارتخانه تاکید کرد. در بخش پایانی این گزارش، مرکز پژوهش های مجلس با اشاره به ۶ دلیل، پیشنهاد کرده است به جای تفکیک وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت، تبصره ۲ قانون تشکیل این وزارتخانه اصلاح گردد تا شرایط لازم برای تکمیل فرآیند ادغام در وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت فراهم گردد. دلایل بازوی پژوهشی مجلس برای ارائه این پیشنهاد عبارتند از:
«۱- تجربه کشورهای موفق در رشد صنعتی و نگرش یکپارچه به صنعت و تجارت که جزء ارکان و الزامات نظام سیاستگذاری صنعتی محسوب می شود،
۲- عدم ادغام کامل وزارتخانه ها در سال ۱۳۹۰ و وجود حلقه های معیوب فرآیندی و کارکردی در این ساختار جدید و غفلت از شناخت جامع کارکردهای مورد انتظار از وزارتخانه جدید،
۳- اهداف توسعه ای کشور و الزامات قانونی موجود به خصوص سیاستهای کلی اقتصاد مقاومتی و قانون برنامه ششم توسعه در راستای حمایت از نگرش یکپارچه به صنعت و تجارت و یا کشاورزی و تجارت
۴- اتفاق نظر موافقان و مخالفان تفکیک در عدم انجام ادغام و دستیابی به اهداف آن و وجود اشکالات کارکردی متعدد
۵- آثار سوء لایحه بر بخش کشاورزی و امکان عقبگرد پیشرفتهای سالهای گذشته در این بخش در اثر تصویب آن
۶- عدم تدوین وظایف و اختیارات وزارتخانه جدید از سال ۱۳۹۰ تاکنون و فقدان رویکرد جدید در ایجاد وزارت بازرگانی مستقل».
در گزارش دوم با محوریت لایحه اصلاح بخشی از ساختار دولت با تاکید بر پیامدهای ماده ۱ و تبصره آن بر بخش کشاورزی که اواسط مردادماه ۹۶ و در دو قالب تفصیلی و چکیده (خلاصه مدیریتی) منتشر شد ولی بازتاب رسانه ای چندانی نداشت، این مرکز پژوهشی ضمن تاکید مجدد بر ضرورت تکمیل فرآیند ادغام در وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت به جای تفکیک دوباره آن، با تصویب تبصره ۱ ماده ۱ این لایحه مبنی بر لغو قانون تمرکز وظایف و اختیارات مربوط به بخش کشاورزی در وزارت جهاد کشاورزی مخالفت کرد. در بخشی از این گزارش آمده بود: «جدایی بازرگانی کشاورزی از تولید کشاورزی، موجب برگشت به سیاق سابق و تغییر اولویت تولید داخل به سیاست تنظیم بازار مبتنی بر واردات می شود و بدون وجود ابزار قاعده گذاری که قیمتگذاری و دسترسی به بازار مهمترین آن است، امکان سروسامان دادن به تولید کشاورزی وجود ندارد».
دلایل بازوی پژوهشی مجلس برای مخالفت با لغو قانون تمرکز وظایف و اختیارات مربوط به بخش کشاورزی در وزارت جهاد کشاورزی در چکیده این گزارش عبارتند از:
«۱- با توجه به شرایط تحریم در عمل، از اجرای تجمیع بازرگانی در بخشهای تولیدی سه، چهار سالی بیشتر نگذشته (سه سال از شروع اجرای قانون تمرکز وظایف بخش کشاورزی در وزارت جهاد کشاورزی گذشته است)، اما مطالعه نشان میدهد از منظر شاخصهای کلان
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işe götürdüler. Yeterli sayıda yolcu taşıyamayan otobüs firmaları battı! Başlangıçta kimsenin umursamadığı bu olay, otobüs firmalarının iflasıyla beraber ciddiye alınmaya başlandı ve ABD mahkemelerine kadar taşındı.
ABD Anayasa Mahkemesi, 1956 yılında otobüslerde renk ayrımını kaldırarak yeni bir dönem başlattı. Artık siyahiler de insani bir şekilde koltuklara oturarak yolculuk yapabileceklerdi.
Her şey bir kadının dik duruşuyla başladı!IT IS WITH the pleasure of fore-knowledge and a sense of familiarity that we come to the Harivamsha in Bibek Debroy’s new translation, a grand finale to his admirable effort as a translator of the complete Mahabharata. In the Harivamsha , we encounter beloved stories and characters—Putana’s death, the lifting of Mount Govardhana, the dance on Kaliya’s head. We feel Devaki’s pain and Vasudeva’s fear, Yashodha’s love for and exasperation with her naughty boy child, Balarama’s solid presence, the bewildered enchantment of the gopis and Krishna’s own knowing playfulness. Knowing the stories or the text should not prevent us from reading this book. In fact, it should give us the reason to read it and enjoy the stories anew.
The Harivamsha, which itself has three parts, concludes the mighty Mahabharata with lists of genealogies and various cosmogonic myths that we know from other Puranas. None of these are particularly interesting. But the heart of this text is the Vishnu Parvan where we are told a story of Krishna that unites all the seemingly disparate elements of his life—from miraculous child to enchanting lover to wily prince. In the Mahabharata, we know Krishna as the ruler of Dwarka, a cousin to the Pandavas, Arjuna’s beloved friend, a seasoned diplomat and a ruthless military strategist. The other cycles of Krishna stories (his childhood and adolescence) lie outside the Mahabharata and there has been speculation on whether or not these stories are actually about different Krishnas. Being a later addendum to the Mahabharata, the Harivamsha unites these many Krishnas in a single, linear narrative. It also establishes Krishna’s indubitable divinity and places him in the sequence of Vishnu’s dharma-saving avatars within Hindu mythology.
There is much in the Harivamsha that resembles the structure and content of the eighteen Mahapuranas, those sprawling texts, mostly named for the gods, that become the compendia of popular Hindu myths. Often, the Puranas tell the same stories, but each of them has its own version of the tales. As such, what we see of Krishna in the Harivamsha does not exhaust what we know of him, for he appears in the Bhagavata Purana and elsewhere, performing miracles, seducing women and upholding dharma in all that he does.
Like the other Puranas, for the most part, the Harivamsha is primarily interested in telling stories, so there isn’t really that much to appreciate or enjoy in terms of language and the ornamental flourishes that characterise so much other Sanksrit literature. But even though the reader may know the stories already, they are quite wonderful in this recension, keeping even the knowledgable reader attentive and engaged.
Despite what we already know and love so much about the Krishna story, the Harivamsha can surprise us with what it holds within it. I was certainly taken aback to find an explicit and entirely unexpected passage about environmental degradation. After he has pulled down the two trees with the mortar stone, young Krishna decides that it’s time for the cowherd community to move to another part of the Vraja (Braj) region. The Harivamsha, at this point, reads like any contemporary text about a land that has been over-grazed by cattle, being slowly parched from the loss of too many trees. ‘Since the gopas have destroyed the trees, the grass and wood have also been exhausted. These groves and forests used to be dense . . . all those radiant trees have been consumed as firewood by the gopas. What used to be inexhaustible has now been exhausted. Firewood and grass used to be available nearby. However, now we have to look for these in places that are far away. This forest has only a little bit of water and kindling left. Its foundation has been destroyed. . . No happiness can be found here.’
Debroy's translation is the closest a reader will get to the feel of the Sanskrit text in terms of grammar and syntax
There is no doubt at all that whoever wrote the Harivamsha (it is attributed to Vyasa) absolutely adored Krishna. The descriptions of him are loving and the story is basically a series of miracles and wondrous happenings with Krishna at their centre. Rutting elephants are killed, giant wrestlers are defeated, Kamsa meets the gory end he deserves. We also learn why Krishna treated Jarasandha and Shishupala the way he did in the Mahabharata. Readers should be able to glide through the casual violence of these episodes, carried forward on a surge of devotional fervour as they watch Krishna and his brother Balarama overcome their enemies and the forces of evil. But even if the reader is not a bhakt, surely s/he will be compelled by the urgent pace of the Harivamsha and the sense of Krishna’s manifestly extraordinary destiny.
What the Harivamsha does not contain and which we know from the Mausala Parvan of the Mahabharata, is the ghastly drunken massacre that kills all Krishna’s people— Vrishnis, Andhakas and Yadavas. In a surreal episode, the blades of grass around them turn into clubs and the clans use these to bludgeon each other to death. It also does not speak of Krishna’s own lonely and poignant death, a result of a curse from Gandhari. A hunter mistakes Krishna’s foot for the ear of a deer and shoots him in the heel. The great god dies as Gandhari had declared, alone and like an animal. How interesting it is that our gods, too, must die, that they also carry karmic residue which must be burned away, that they can be cursed because of what they have done to others.
Debroy has a fast and easy translation style that suits the nature and content of the Harivamsha. Rarely pausing for breath (it would seem), he presents the reader with a locution that closely resembles the Sanskrit, not rearranging the words in a sentence so that they follow an order more natural to English. As such, it is likely that Debroy’s translation is the closest that a reader will get to the feel of the Sanskrit text in terms of grammar and syntax. Nor does Debroy eliminate the repetitions or the patronymic and adjectival descriptors that become names for the heroes. The book is lined with footnotes, over 1,100 of them. Some are fascinating and reach across texts and stories and genres to provide clarity for the reader. There is no doubt that Debroy is a master of the universe in which he works and so it’s disappointing when some repeated footnotes (such as ‘the word used is tata’ explaining an endearment translated as ‘son’, for example) are really quite redundant, adding nothing to the reader’s knowledge or pleasure. In the main, however, Debroy’s footnotes enhance his translation, particularly because he makes no concessions for easy reading.
The Harivamsha concludes with a section entitled Bhavishya Purana, an absolutely fascinating projection of what the world will be like in the Kali Yuga. While some of it might make us smile, there is much that we will recognise about the times in which we live. Not least, ‘…the land will become desert and highways will traverse through the interiors of cities… sown seeds will not lead to crops… harsh winds will blow during the rain season, inferior and laced with showers of stones.’ Few, if any, footnotes are required here.I find constructivism most productive for thinking about the Tigris/Euphrates region. The conflict within this region is socially constructed by the clash of ideologies, cultures, and identities between and within nation-states. These things are the main driving forces of decision-making and action which shapes the process of social-interaction.
This theme most effectively explains the progression of the conflict within Syria. This conflict was a result of the Arab Spring, a movement driven by the Western values of democracy and freedom. The people involved in this movement had shaped their new identities around these values. This created the identity of “us” and “them.” As Assad attempted to repress these protests, the anti-Assad faction became separated ideologically. Different groups and sub-national identities emerged causing the Syrian opposition to become divided. This division prompted greater conflict between sub groups with the Sunni, Islamists, or Kurds regarded as the “us,” and the Alawiite, Kafir, or the Arab thought of as the “them.”
The role of culture and identity also explains the conflict between the Kurds and the Turks. The fight for a recognized identity most accurately explains the actions and motives of the PKK. The Kurdish conflict began when the Treaty of Sevres was rejected and replaced by the Treaty of Laussanne in 1923. This stripped the Kurdish population of their right to an autonomous region. After Turkey’s independence, the country introduced policies of “Turkification.” This imposed a Turkish identity while also refusing to recognize a Kurdish one. Kurdish language was ultimately banned and Kurdish publishing material was made illegal. Fast forward to today, the Kurdish people still refuse to accept the Turkish identity. The longstanding conflict between the Turks and the Kurds is rooted in clashing cultures and the Kurdish fight for an identity.Roads have always been considered the pioneer of human urbanization throughout the past few centuries. There is always a positive relationship between road network expansion and the economic development of a country as it enhances social connection as well as internal communication systems within a country. Constructions of roads, both paved and unpaved, is a common feature in different forest area around the world. These roads are used for different managerial and conservation activities around the forest coverage area. Besides, some roads are built to improve the communication between two areas through a forest patch situated in an area.
For instance, in Bangladesh, several road networks are built through the forest area; Lawachara National Park is one of the prime examples, which has a paved road, as well as, a railway road perforating through this valuable forest coverage connecting important areas in the region.
But nowadays, a growing concern has developed among the scientific community and nature conservationists over the impacts of these roads on the surrounding forest habitat. Changes in forest landscapes are one of the prime issues that are being influenced due to rapid urban development through road establishment through a forest. In addition to these, forest area is suffering from the edge effect, a consequence of the forest road construction in the forest, which is a relatively infamous issue when it comes to forest disturbance (Goosem, 2007).
Edge is an area between the boundary of two areas, and the edge effect occurs at the boundary of these two habitats, causing changes in the micro climatic condition of the boundary areas. As the edge effect in a forested area is promoted due to established roads, the surrounding vegetation composition and wildlife habitat is greatly affected due to this phenomenon. This situation gets even severe, as the edge effect is not limited to the boundary area and tends to spread across the interior forest. Due to this edge effect vegetation composition is changed, because the changes in the micro climatic habitat- a result of the edge effect- triggers this mechanism by favoring the establishment of exotic species and competing with the native species resulting in an eventual extinction of these native species. Besides, the road situated in a forest works as a seed dispersal corridor between two parts of the forest separated by the road. This results in an anomaly- increased plant diversity in the outer portion of the forest- which is closer to the forest road, compared to the inner one. This seed dispersal mechanism is carried out by vehicles moving through the road, movement small pollinators, as well as, large mammals, wind and rainwater runoff (Fallahchai et al., 2018).
Animal movement behavior is largely influenced by the presence of roads in a continuous forest patch. Many animals use the outermost part of the forest that is close to the track as their habitat, movement corridor, feeding ground, or retreating due to fear of predation.
A Research by Kolb, 1984 stated that dog foxes used railways as their movement corridor in a forest. Many bird species prefer the forest edge as their habitat depending on the plant composition and movement corridor which contributes to dispersal (Asemani et al., 2013).
The width of the forest road plays an important role in the intensity of impact that is produced due to a road (Zhou et al., 2020). For instance, it takes a lot of time for the wildlife to cross a wide road resulting in more collision with vehicles, and the successful seed dispersal through different mediums, between forest patches separated by a road, will be hampered. This is why narrows roads such as forest trails are more harmonious to the forest ecosystem than wide paved roads.
As roads are an important part of the modernized world, it needs to be put into congruity with the forest ecosystem. Most of the negative impacts of forest roads on the wildlife are related to collision with passing vehicles while crossing. Some countries have already taken initiatives to mitigate wildlife mortality due to vehicle collisions. India is a perfect example, as it has recently built an underpass for wildlife crossing between two famous wildlife parks, Kanha and Pench. Sweden is another country that is concerned and taking initiatives regarding the effects of forest roads. Sweden has recently announced the establishment of series of wildlife bridges in busy roads through a forest area to reduce wildlife collision with vehicles.
Indeed, careful planning of building and managing the forest roads could be a way of minimizing the effect of roads partly but not wholly. Another way is to build the road in an environmentally friendly way, using environmentally friendly materials. To eradicate the effect completely, the necessity of building the corridor should be evaluated and alternatives should be considered. In case of revegetating the area that is prone to severe fragmentation, emphasis should be given to native species instead of exotic species to avoid habitat alteration and invasion.
Asemani, Y., Torabi, Z., Najafi, N., & Asemani, A. (2013). Impacts of Traffic Noise and Traffic Volume on Birds of Roadside Habitats. Life Science Journal, 10(SUPPL. 5), 502–504.
Fallahchai, M. M., Haghverdi, K., & Mojaddam, M. S. (2018). Ecological effects of forest roads on plant species diversity in Caspian forests of Iran. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 38(3), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2017.08.002
Goosem, M. (2007). Fragmentation impacts caused by roads through rainforests. Current Science, 93.
Kolb, H. H. (1984). Factors Affecting the Movements of Dog Foxes in Edinburgh. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 21(1), 161. https://doi.org/10.2307/2403044
Zhou, T., Luo, X., Hou, Y., Xiang, Y., & Peng, S. (2020). Quantifying the effects of road width on roadside vegetation and soil conditions in forests. Landscape Ecology, 35(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00930-8“معرفی موسیقی سنتی ایرانی”، اجرای سنتور و حافظ خوانی فارسی آموزان ژاپنی
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和毛色。Müziğin evrimsel bir rol oynadığı kesindir. Bebekler, henüz anne karnındayken müziği algılamaya başlar. Peki, bu doğuştan gelen müzikle ilişki, bebeklerin doğduktan sonraki gelişimlerini nasıl etkiler?
Anneler, bebeklerine sadece bir ninni değil, aynı zamanda dil gelişimlerini hızlandıran bir anahtar sunarlar. Bebeklerin dikkati çekildikçe, dilin nasıl daha hızlı kavrandığını keşfetmek önemlidir.
Ninnilerin Evrensel Gücü
Harvard Müzik Laboratuvarı'nın çarpıcı bulgularına göre, ninniler dil sınırlarını aşıyor. Annelerin ninni söylemesi, hangi dilde olursa olsun, bebekleri rahatlatmada etkileyici bir güce sahip. Harvard'ın bu keşfi, ninnilerin evrensel bir dilde bebeği sakinleştirmedeki etkisini ortaya koyuyor.
Bu keşif, sadece bir lüks veya kültürel bir uygulama olmanın ötesinde, ninnilerin bebekler üzerindeki etkisinin derinliklerini açığa çıkarıyor. Hangi dilde olursa olsun, ninnilerin melodik dokunuşu, bebeğin zihinsel ve duygusal gelişimine katkıda bulunuyor. Bu evrensel dildeki şarkılar, anne-baba ile bebek arasında bir bağ kurma ve sakinleştirme sürecini destekliyor.
Ninnilerin Sırları
Bebek konuşması, yüksek perdeden konuşmanın ötesine geçiyor. Ninnilerin, bebeklerin dil öğrenimini nasıl hızlandırdığını ve erken uykuya dalma süreçlerini nasıl kolaylaştırdığını açığa çıkarın.
Ninniler, bilim ve müziğin kusursuz bir birleşimiyle bebeğinizi sakinleştirirken, aynı zamanda beyin gelişimine olumlu katkılarda bulunuyor. Bu melodi dolu anları paylaşmak, sadece uykulu bebekleri değil, sağlıklı bir geleceği de inşa etmektir.（华盛顿15日综合电）英国《每日邮报》上周五（12日）报导，来自美国加利福尼亚州米尔皮塔斯的9岁男孩特里斯坦，于上月底去世，死因是患有腺病毒并发症，这个病毒通常表现为普通轻度感冒。
特里斯坦一直以来很健康，他是跆拳道的黑带级别。他的家人通过当地电视台，提醒公众引起注意，避免类似的事情再次翻生。特里斯坦的父母都是做护士工作，他们都没有意识到这次孩子病情是如此严重。
据了解，腺病毒对健康的孩子不构成威胁，感染后的症状只是类似感冒，通常表现为轻度感冒，只有免疫缺陷的孩子才会比较危险。腺病毒已经在新泽西先后夺走了11个孩子的生命，但是这些孩子都是长期住院，有慢性疾病的孩子。
特里斯坦的父母表示他们永远不会忘记6月28日这一天，在加利福尼亚州米尔皮塔斯家附近的医院，医生说告诉他们：他们的儿子生命垂危，医生已经尽了所有的努力。
特里斯坦是一个健康活泼、爱笑的孩子，一星期前刚参加了全国跆拳道比赛。但之后，他感觉异常疲惫和虚弱，嗜睡，很快又出现了发烧，头痛和恶心。他的父母都是护士， 都认为孩子是比赛累的，稍微休息就会好了。
但是由于看到特里斯坦的症状没有任何改善，因此父母将他送到医院。而医生一开始说他只是脱水，又被送回家。
特里斯坦的病情逐渐变得更加严重，变得意识不清，几乎无法说出自己的名字。惊慌失措的父母又把虚弱的儿子送到了医院。这一次，特里斯坦直接被送进了重症监护。他的大脑肿胀，但他脑膜炎的化验却是阴性。医生说他们的儿子是罕见的腺病毒并发症。
腺病毒通常引起喉咙痛，鼻塞，咳嗽和发烧，还会导致红眼病和耳部感染。父亲马克说： “特里斯坦确实有发烧，其它症状并没有出现。甚至没有感冒的迹象。然而这种神秘的病毒正在吞噬着他儿子的生命。
特里斯坦病情不断恶化。 在大脑膨胀同时，身体的其余部分也开始衰竭。他的心脏总共停了4次。
“我们眼见他渐渐离我们远去，”马克告诉记者。仅仅3个小时后，他们的儿子就走了。
“他的情况太特别了……非常意外的，”母亲贝莉含泪说道。
文、图：英国《每日邮报》Il Campionato del Mondo 1958 in Svezia fu la prima edizione in cui la nazionale italiana non partecipò per la mancata qualificazione e per il debutto del O Rei, Pelè.
Tuttavia in secondo luogo, il Mondiale scandinavo segnò un piccolo cambiamento per quel che riguardano i festeggiamenti post vittoria.
Il Brasile, a Stoccolma, vinse il primo titolo Mondiale dopo le delusioni del Maracanazo del 1950. Il capitano verdeoro, Hilderaldo Luiz Bellini, ebbe l’onore di prendere per primo la Coppa Rimet per la prima volta della storia del calcio brasiliano.
Dal momento in cui ricevette il trofeo, un suo gesto ha cambiato il concetto di vittoria.
Il capitano della Seleçao, poiché circondato da decine e decine di supporters, alzò la coppa in alto affinché i giornalisti brasiliani potessero fotografare lo storico momento. La Coppa Rimet fu sollevata e tenuta alta sopra il capo per parecchi secondi.
Un gesto casuale, nato così senza pensarci su, che però è diventato il simbolo di ogni capitano che prende per mano la Coppa del Mondo.
Nel 1962 è successo nuovamente a Bellini, trionfante con il suo Brasile anche in Cile, e da lì in poi a tutti i capitani delle vari nazionali vincenti.
La palla che rimbalza nella terra di nessuno, poco lontano dall’area di rigore del Galles, il guizzo di Didì che riesce ad anticipare di testa l’intervento dell’avversario e a servire un ragazzino, tanto piccolo quanto formidabile. Il ragazzino, spalle alla porta, in meno di due secondi riscrive la sua storia e quella del Brasile: stoppa la palla di petto che rimane incollata lì, la lascia scendere dolcemente per poi la piroetta in aria con un delicato, ma al tempo stesso energico colpo di punta, un archibugio che spiazza il difensore Mel Charles che lo stava marcando. O pensava di marcarlo.
Il ragazzino si gira in un battito di ciglio, lascia rimbalzare a terra la sfera, alza rapidamente lo sguardo per capire in quale angolo del terreno di gioco si trova e schiaffeggia la palla d’istinto. Sempre di destro, quasi storto. Jack Kelsey, il portiere, è immobilizzato: non ha capito nulla di quello che gli è successo davanti. Può solo voltarsi a guardare la palla avvolta dalla rete e tutti i brasiliani, entusiasti, che abbracciano oltre la linea di porta l’autore del gol, in lacrime. Del suo primo gol in un Mondiale. E’ il primo capitolo della storia infinita di Edson Arantes do Nascimento, o se preferiamo Pelé, con la maglia del Brasile.
E’ il 19 giugno 1958, minuto 66, di Brasile – Galles, quarto di finale del Mondiale in Svezia, paese neutro e non allineato, ideale per ospitare la sesta Coppa Rimet in un clima globale spaccato in due dalla guerra fredda. Quello di Pelé, oltre a essere il primo gol con il Brasile, è anche la sua prima rete nel torneo che lo vedrà, successivamente, esplodere a colpi di giocate e reti: sua la tripletta nel 5-2 in semifinale contro la Francia e analogo risultato in finale coi padroni di casa della Svezia, ma qui la Perla nera segna “solo” una doppietta.
Primo dei tre Mondiali per l’attaccante verdeoro, ma anche un paio di record personali ancora imbattuti: con la rete contro il Galles, a 17 anni e 239 giorni, è diventato e lo è tuttora il marcatore più giovane in una edizione dei Mondiali; mentre a 17 anni e 249 giorni ha sollevato la Coppa Rimet diventando il più giovane vincitore del titolo iridato.
“Un gatto con gli artigli di ferro”, hanno detto i giornali brasiliani vedendo quella rete. Di soprannomi lui ne ha avuti tanti nella sua longeva carriera, da “O’ Rey”alla “Perla nera”, ma ha messo d’accordo tutti. Lui è stato è e sarà l’espressione pura del calcio.شهردار رفسنجان از احداث میدان جدید در بلوار خلیج فارس به منظور سهولت در تردد وسایل نقلیه و رفع دغدغه ساکنین محله اسدآباد فارسی خبر داد.
#رفسنجان_زیبا| مهندس مختاری با اعلام این خبر افزود: با توجه به موقعیت نامناسب زیرگذر موقت بلوار خلیج فارس در مسیر رودخانه شور و احتمال خطر سیلاب و بروز مشکلات متعدد برای شهروندان و وسایل نقلیه عبوری، احداث میدان جدید در دستور کار شهرداری قرار گرفت.
شهردار رفسنجان اظهار کرد: با اجرای میدان مذکور، زیر گذر موقت مسدود و رفت و آمد شهروندان تسهیل و بهبود می یابد.
وی افزود: این اقدام هم چنین در راستای طرح بهساز
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stresses the need to struggle for our economic security, a context in which “the dignity of the individual will flourish” and people will be able to improve and push their lives forward in positive and productive ways. In this regard, he argues for a guaranteed annual income and full employment for economic security and as a protection against “dislocations in the market,” “the prevalence of discrimination,” and “constant or frequent unemployment against our will.” He also advocates “new forms of work that enhance the social good.”
Dr. King does not discuss political power here, but in his book Where Do We Go From Here: Community or Chaos,” develops his ideas about this. He rejects funded programs as power and calls for our diligent work “to organize our strength into a compelling power so that government cannot elude our demands.” This, he reminds us, requires not only our own organization and Movement, but also coalitions and alliances with other oppressed, progressive and struggling people.
Finally, King having urged us to avoid hate and violence, tells us that in all our strivings and struggle, ultimately, we must “honestly face the fact that the Movement must address itself to the question of restructuring the whole of American society.” We must question the existence of millions in poverty in the midst of such riches, the inequitable distribution of wealth, the monopoly on resources, and the cold calculus of a capitalism that puts profit above human life and the well-being of the world. Furthermore, it is not only capitalism we must confront, but also two other “interrelated evils,” racism and militarism. For, he says, “When I say question the whole society, it means ultimately coming to see that the problem of racism, the problem of economic exploitation and the problem of war are all tied together.”
He concludes calling us to battle, motivated by a commitment to freedom, love of justice, and the nurturing of a “divine dissatisfaction” until victory is won. It will be a divine dissatisfaction with and well-won victory over unfreedom, injustice, uncaring, hypocrisy in high and low places, poverty, economic insecurity, political non-participation and powerlessness, warmongering, police violence and racism in its raw and disguised forms. He confesses that “the road ahead will not always be smooth.” There will be rocks, twists and turns, frustration and fatigue, setbacks, shattered dreams and heartache. But no matter how difficult and painful the struggle is, we must continue to push and move forward “with an audacious faith in the future,” respecting the sacrifices of those before us and the demands of our history, as reflected in the Black National Anthem and realizing that “the arc of the moral universe is long but it bends toward justice.”
Dr. Maulana Karenga, Professor and Chair of Africana Studies, California State University-Long Beach; Executive Director, African American Cultural Center (Us); Creator of Kwanzaa; and author of Kwanzaa: A Celebration of Family, Community and Culture, The Message and Meaning of Kwanzaa: Bringing Good Into the World and Essays on Struggle: Position and Analysis, www.AfricanAmericanCulturalCenter-LA.org; www.OfficialKwanzaaWebsite.org; www.MaulanaKarenga.org.A1 TV Canlı İzle
A1 TV'yi India'den kablolu TV veya uydu olmadan çevrimiçi izleyin.
Artık hizmet akışımızı kablolu TV veya uydu aboneliği olmadan kullanabilirsiniz. TV'nizde bile izleyebilirsiniz! İnternette televizyon izlemenin en iyi yolu budur.
Yayınlandı October 23, 2015, ve son olarak değiştirildi 1 year ago.
A1 Tv is Rajasthan State's leading news channel, which is most popular in Rural and urban area for its simplicity and the variety of programs telecast by the channel. The channel is headed by Mr. Anil Lodha.Si ricorda che le tabelle comprendono le tariffe predisposte dall’ACI, pubblicate nella Gazzetta Ufficiale entro il 31 dicembre di ogni anno e valide per l’ anno successivo.
Sono utilizzate per la determinazione del fringe-benefit, cioè della retribuzione in natura che deriva dalla concessione in uso ai dipendenti dei veicoli aziendali che vengono destinati ad uso promiscuo per esigenze di lavoro e per esigenze private.
I fringe benefit come ogni anno sono elaborati dall’Area Professionale Statistica.
Le nuove tabelle ACI, disponibili in pdf, sono suddivise per tipologia di veicolo e all’alimentazione.
I documenti riportano i costi chilometrici di esercizio di autovetture e motocicli per determinare il compenso in natura per i veicoli aziendali, concessi in uso promiscuo ai dipendenti.
Per gli autoveicoli, i ciclomotori e i motocicli di nuova immatricolazione, concessi in uso promiscuo a partire dal 1° luglio del 2020, la percentuale da prendere in considerazione, dell’importo corrispondente alla percorrenza convenzionale (15.000 chilometri), risulta quantificata in questo modo:
A queste tabelle si deve fare riferimento anche per calcolare l’indennità che il datore di lavoro corrisponde al dipendente che ha utilizzato il mezzo proprio per una trasferta effettuata in un Comune diverso da quello in cui risiede
Qui di seguito potete consultare tutte le tabelle:Fishing Planet: Advanced Pack (中英文版)
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©2015 Fishing Planet LLC。 版权所有。 FishingPlanet®及其相应的徽标是Fishing Planet LLC的商标或注册商标。 所有其他商标均为其各自所有者的财产。
- 发售日期:
- 6/1/2020
- 发行商:
- Fishing Planet LLC
- 类型:
- 家庭, 模拟, 运动امانوئل مکرون رئیس جمهور فرانسه روسیه را به تحریک عمدی درگیری بین ارمنستان و آذربایجان متهم کرد. به گزارش آرمنپرس، به نقل از رویترز، مکرون تاکید کرد که روسیه این کار را به عنوان بخشی از تلاش ها برای بی ثبات کردن اوضاع در منطقه قفقاز و فراتر از آن انجام می دهد.
مکرون در شبکه تلویزیونی France 2 بیان کرده است که روسیه در ماه های اخیر تنش بین طرفین به نفع آذربایجان تشدید کرده است.
مکرون گفت: “در دو سال گذشته در مرز چه اتفاقی می افتد؟ گویا 5000 سرباز روسی برای تامین امنیت مرزها در آنجا حضور دارند، اما روسها از این مناقشه استفاده کردند و بازی آذربایجان را با مشارکت ترکیه انجام دادند و برگشتند به منظور تضعیف ارمنستان که زمانی کشور متحد آنها بود. می بینید چه اتفاقی می افتد؟ روسیه در تلاش است تا وضعیت را بی ثبات کند. می خواهد در قفقاز سردرگمی ایجاد کند تا همه ما را بی ثبات کند.”43 yaşındaki adam, Endonezya’nın West Java kentindeki evinin ön bahçesindeki inanılmaz manzarayı fark etti.
Dedi ki “Bu resimler, karıncaların ne kadar güçlü olduğunu bize gösteriyor ve iyi bir ekip çalışmasının harika bir örneğidir. Davranış ve alışkanlıklarını uzun süre gözlemledim ve okuduk, ancak bu olağanüstü olayı deneyimledim ve şahit olduğum için hala çok şanslıyım. Bence görüntüler şaşırtıcı. Bu karıncalar küçük hayvanlar ama çok güçlü ve birlikte çalışabiliyorlar. “Genoa, striscioni contro Preziosi e la società
Esposti dietro la Nord poco prima della gara contro la Roma
"Preziosi carogna" e "Società senza dignità, lasciate questa città": è questo il contenuto di due striscioni apparsi prima di Genoa-Roma nei pressi della Gradinata Nord. Un messaggio chiarissimo contro il presidente e la dirigenza rossoblu.MADISON, Wis. -- A study of the full genetic code of a common human virus offers a dramatic confirmation of the "out-of-Africa" pattern of human migration, which had previously been documented by anthropologists and studies of the human genome.
The virus under study, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), usually causes nothing more severe than cold sores around the mouth, says Curtis Brandt, a professor of medical microbiology and ophthalmology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Brandt is senior author of the study, now online in the journal PLOS ONE.
When Brandt and co-authors Aaron Kolb and Cécile Ané compared 31 strains of HSV-1 collected in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia, "the result was fairly stunning," says Brandt.
"The viral strains sort exactly as you would predict based on sequencing of human genomes. We found that all of the African isolates cluster together, all the virus from the Far East, Korea, Japan, China clustered together, all the viruses in Europe and America, with one exception, clustered together," he says.
"What we found follows exactly what the anthropologists have told us, and the molecular geneticists who have analyzed the human genome have told us, about where humans originated and how they spread across the planet."
Geneticists explore how organisms are related by studying changes in the sequence of bases, or "letters" on their genes. From knowledge of how quickly a particular genome changes, they can construct a "family tree" that shows when particular variants had their last common ancestor.
Studies of human genomes have shown that our ancestors emerged from Africa roughly 150,000 to 200,000 years ago, and then spread eastward toward Asia, and westward toward Europe.
Scientists have previously studied herpes simplex virus type 1 by looking at a single gene, or a small cluster of genes, but Brandt notes that this approach can be misleading. "Scientists have come to realize that the relationships you get back from a single gene, or a small set of genes, are not very accurate."
The PLOS ONE study used high-capacity genetic sequencing and advanced bioinformatics to analyze the massive amount of data from the 31 genomes.
The technology of simultaneously comparing the entire genomes of related viruses could also be useful in exploring why certain strains of a virus are so much more lethal than others. In a tiny percentage of cases, for example, HSV-1 can cause a deadly brain infection, Brandt notes.
"We'd like to understand why these few viruses are so dangerous, when the predominant course of herpes is so mild. We believe that a difference in the gene sequence is determining the outcome, and we are interested in sorting this out," he says.
For studies of influenza virus in particular, Brandt says, "people are trying to come up with virulence markers that will enable us to predict what a particular strain of virus will do."
The researchers broke the HSV-1 genome into 26 pieces, made family trees for each piece and then combined each of the trees into one network tree of the whole genome, Brandt says. "Cécile Ané
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lleri konuşuluyor, ama Alor'da Yeni Gine dilleri konuşuluyor; onlar da öbür Endonezy dillerinden çok çok farklıdır. Alor'da yaşayanlar az da olsa, gene de birçok farklı diller konuşuluyor. Birbirleriyle kendi dilleri değil de Endonezyaca konuşurlar; o zaten devlet dilidir.
Alor adalarında yaşayanların 24% müslümandır, geri kalanlar da değişik denominasyonlardan Hristiyanlar. Herkes büyük bir dine inandığı halde, halk günlük yaşamında daha fazla dedelerinden kalma adetleri ve inançlarını tutarlar. Asıl dinleri ne hristiyanlık, ne de müslümanlaık, ama ruhçuluk ve cincilik. Gençlerin hayatları çoğunlukla namussuz; nikah yapmadan çocuk sahibi olurlar.
Müslümanlar çoğunlukla deniz kıyısında yaşarlar. En büyük kasabası olan Kalabahi'de halkın yarısı müslümandır. Müslümanların bir kısmı Endonezya'nın başka adalarından buraya taşınmıştır. Müslüman ile Hristiyanların arasındaki ilişkiler çoğu zaman iyidir. Hatta sık sık bir ailenin içinde kişiler farklı dinlere bağlıdırlar. Ne yazık ki, sık sık kiliseye giderseler de Hristiyanların çoğu sadece adca Hristiyandırlar. Allahın sözünü seve seve işitirler, ama kendini gerçekten Rabbe vermek istemezler. Cinlere taptıkları için, o cinler bu konuda engel olurlar.
DUA KONULARI:
Alor adalarında yaşayanların arasında barış ve anlaşma olsun. Son zamanlarda o iyi anlaşmayı bozmaya çalışanlar oldu.
Hristiyanlar ve müslümanların arasında bir ruhsal uyanış olsun - kişiler Rabbin hakikatlarına karşı iştah duysunlar.
Sözde hristiyan olanlar da asıl anlamda İsa'yı kabul etsinler. Bütün cincilik ve karışıklıktan vazgeçsinler, müslümanlara canlı şahit olsunlar.
İnsanlar İsa Mesih adında bütün karanlık bağlarından kurtulsunlar.
devlet: Bruney
yaklaşık 360.000 milyon kişi – Harita: 20
Bruney küçücük ama çok zengin ve önemli bir devlettir. Haritaya baktığımız zaman görüyoruz, Bruney Borneo adısında bulunuyor. O adanın büyük parçası Endonezya’ya bağlıdır. Kuzey tarafı ise, Malezya’nındır. Malezya’nın yarısı gene, denizin öbür tarafında, Tayland’ın güneyindedir. Borneo’da bulunan parçasının iki yarısı var: Saravak ve Sabah. Bu iki parçasının tam ortasında Bruney devleti bulunuyor.
Bruney bugüne kadar Sultan adını taşıyan bir kral tarafından güdülüyor. 360.000 kişilik bir ‘cüce devletidir’. İnsanların 70% Malay halkındandır, 15% de Çinlidir. 5.765 km2, yani aşağı yukarı 70 km x 80 km kadar geniştir. Eskiden Bruney sultanını devleti ondan kat kat büyüktü. Devletin zenginliği petrol ve gaz depolarına bağlıdır, Bruney’e gelir sağlayan onlardır. Sultan, bu zenginliği müslüman devletlerin arasında önem kazanmak için harcamaya çalışıyor, özellikle islamiyeti yaymakla.
Sultan, halkına iyi bakıyor; halk da ona merhametli bir baba gözüyle bakıyor. Okul ve sağlık sistemi bedavadır, vergiler de yoktur. Ama milletlerin arasında ayrım var: Malay halkı her yerde üstün tutuluyor. Mesela, ev yapmak isteyen Malaylara yardım veriliyor, üniversitelere ilk önce onlar giriyor, devlet işleri daha fazla onlara veriliyor.
Bruney’deki Malayların düşünce tarzını anlayabilmek için bilmeliyiz ki, onların arasında saygı göstermek en önemli şey sayılıyor. Kendi insanlarının tarafını tutmak o kadar önemli değil, ne kadar saygınlı davranmaya çalışmak. Gerçek Malay özellikle kadınlara, çocuklara, hatta hayvanlara her zaman saygılı davranıyor. Ayrıca hep diplomatik düşüncesiyle çelişkilerin arasında bir orta yolu arıyor ve kendini tutmayı biliyor. Sanki etiket olarak Malaylara “dengeli” yapıştıtabiliriz. Malayların evleri pırıl pırıl temizdir, ve dinlerine bağlı olan müslümanlar olarak elbette ne domuz eti yerler, ne de içki içerler.
Bruney kırk seneden beri askeri hükümetiyle idare ediliyor. Bu yolda devlet organlarına kontrol yok; kendi gözünde devlete zarar getiren her bir hareketi anında yasak edip yok ederler.
Bruney’deki Malaylar Sunni müslümandır, hatta islamiyet devlet dinidir. Anayasasına göre başka dinlere de izin veriliyor, serbestçe uygulansınlar. Ama son yıllarda bu haklar giderek daha fazla kısıtlanıyor ve müslümanlıktan başka bütün dinlere baskı yapılıyor. Mesela, başka dinden olan insanlar sadece devletin kontrolu altında olan yerlerde toplantı yapabiliyor. Başka herhangi bir yerde, hatta kendi evlerinde bile toplantı yapmak yasaktır. Evangelikal imanlıların sayısı çok düşüktür; ama onlar da bu baskıların altındadırlar. 2001 senesinde kimi imanlı tutuklandı, kimileri haftalarca mahpusta kaldı. O zaman sorguya çekildiler; polis öğrenmek istedi, kim Malaylara müjdeyi getirmeye çalışıyor.
Devlet yönetiminin temeli olarak “Malay İslamiyet Krallığı” adlı bir ideoloji öğretiliyor. Onun amacı, müslümanlığı, Malay dili ve kültürünü ve de krallık sistemini bir şapka altında birleştirmektir. Bu ideoloji bütün halkı, bütün hükümeti ve devlet organlarının hepsini kontrol ediyor. Sultanın gücü sınırsızdır ve aynı zamanda islamiyetin de başıdır. Müslüman öğretişi ve yaşam tarzını korumak ve yaymak onun görevidir. Hükümetin içinde kimi güçler, Bruney’i 2020 senesine kadar ‘temiz bir müslüman devleti’ haline getirmek istiyorlar. Bu amaç için, bütün Çinlileri devletten kovmak, putperestleri müslümanlığa çevirmek ve imanlıları yok etmeye çalışıyorlar.
DUA KONULARI:
Sultan ve onun ailesi için dua edelim: Rab kendini ona göstersin.
Bütün halkta hakikata sevgi ve açlık olsun.
İmanlılar sevgi ile davransınlar ve fırsatları olsun, komşularına ve arkadaşlarına İsa’nın haberini getirsinler.
Tutuklanan imanlılar için dua edelim: mahpusta bile Rab İsa için tuz ve ışık olsunlar.
devlet: Filipinler
Bütün devlet: 77 milyon kişi; 5,5 milyon müslüman (= 7%) - Harita: 20
Filipinler çok karışık bir devlettir. Endonezya gibi, yüzlerce ada üzerinde kurulmuştur. Orada seksenden fazla halk yaşıyor, hepsi de ayrı ayrı diller konuşuyor, farklı kültürlere sahiptirler. 700 sene önce arap tüccarlar Çin'e (Kitay) giderken bu adalardan geçtiler. Yerli halkı islamiyet için kazanmak istediler ve o amaçla hocalar getirdiler. Güney adalarda 13 halk müslümanlığı kabul etti ve hayatlarını Muhammed'in hayatına uygun düzmeye başladılar. 500 sene önce Portekiz denzici Magelan bu adalara geldi ve İspanya için ele geçirdi. Onun arkasından Filipinler'de halkın büyük çoğunluğu katolik oldu. Balkanlıklarda kimi halklar putperest kaldı. Sonra güneydeki adalarda müslüman halklar bulunduğunu anladılar. O vakıt o halkları katolik yapmaya kalktılar. Önce misyoner gönderdiler, ama müslümanlar onları kabul etmeyince, asker kuvvetiyle onları katolik yapmaya çalıştılar. Bu iki dinin arasındaki kavga böylelikle yüzlerce senden beri devam ediyor. Müslümanlar, Hristiyan hükümete karşı ayaklandılar. Yüz sene önce katolik çiftçiler müslüman adalarına yerleşmeye başladı. Onlardan kimileri, balta girmemiş ormanları kesip toprağı işletmek amacıyla geldiler, çünkü toprak orada çok bereketlidir. Başkaları gene, bu toprağın ne kadar kıymetli olduğunu anlayıp, onu müslümanlardan satın aldılar. Ama satın alırken, müslümanları aldatıp çok düşük fiyata aldılar. O yüzden müslümanlar bugüne kadar, "Siz bizim topraklarımızı çaldınız" deyip Hristiyanları düşman olarak görüyorlar.
1970 yıllarında müslümanlar ve yeni gelen çiftçilerin arasında bir iç savaşı başladı. Her iki taraftan aşağı yukarı 10 bin kişi öldürüldü. Bugünlerde müslümanların yaşadıkları adalar, bütün Filipinlerin en geri kalmış tarafıdır. Müslümanların çoğu, ya çiftçi, ya da balıkçıdır. Kasabalarda en düşük aylık veren işlerde işliyorlar. Bu kötü durumun en büyük sebebi, barışın ve güvenliğin olmamasıdır. Mesela, yabancı devletlerden göderilen yardımcılar sık sık kaçırılıyor, para karşılığında rehin tutuluyorlar. 30 seneden beri ayrı bir devlet kurmak için savaşan isyancılar (buntovnik) çeteleri kuruldu. Filipinlier hükümeti, müslüman adalarına artık biraz serbestlik tanıyor, ama eskiye dayanan bu düşmanlık devam ediyor. Kimi müslümanlar islamiyet propagandasını yapıyorlar. Öbür yandan, katolik tarafından müslümanlara karşı kin ve güvenmemezlik.var. Ve bu çıkmaz durum devam ediyor: politik huzursuzluk, ekonomik kriz, halk ayrımı ve din kavgası devam
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体育比分，这是苹果成为体育内容和新闻主要提供商所做的最新努力。
这款名为「Apple Sports」的应用程序可以显示所有主要球队和联赛的体育比分。 美国、加拿大和英国的用户可以在周三（美国职业足球大联盟赛季的第一天）下载这款新APP。
CNBC报导，苹果服务主管艾迪库伊（Eddy Cue）表示，苹果设计的应用程序快速且简单，每天可进行多次快速检查。 他说，这款APP将从其它体育比分应用程序中脱颖而出，因为苹果不代表任何球队或联盟，也没有动力吸引用户长时间使用。
上周接受采访时，库伊说：“你希望你的比分基本上是实时的，希望非常容易看到它们，没有其它任何阻碍。这就是这款应用程序的主要目的。”
近年来，苹果公司透过购买转播权并转播美国职棒大联盟和美国职业足球大联盟的比赛，在其新闻应用程序中添加额外的体育新闻，并在Apple TV+上播放有关金州勇士队和新英格兰爱国者队等球队的体育相关纪录片，因而涉足体育领域。
与Google和亚马逊一样，苹果将大型体育赛事直播视为串流服务的潜在支柱。
这款新应用程序不会预先安装在iPhone上，但它与Apple的其它服务应用程序紧密整合，例如电视应用程序和新闻应用程序。 「Apple Sports」会从这些应用程序中获取用户对最喜欢球队、运动和联赛的现有偏好，因此当第一次打开「体育」应用程序时，许多人已经看到了他们最喜欢球队的比分。
通知和即时活动也由Apple News和Apple TV应用程序处理，包括现有功能，例如比赛开始时间通知，或用户感兴趣的比赛结束提醒等。
大多数比赛页面都会包含特定运动的讯息，例如谁进球了、哪些球员在场上或谁在一垒上。 页面还将包括即时投注赔率，但用户可以在设定中将其关闭。
赛事页面通常还包含Apple TV按钮，这意味着用户可以点击按钮来观看比赛直播。 它适用于苹果公司提供的体育赛事，以及连接到Apple TV应用程序的串流服务上的赛事，其中许多赛事仍然需要有线电视订阅，但将越来越多地透过顶级串流媒体提供。
「在理想世界中，当我观看杜克大学的比赛时，它（APP）会说打开电视应用程序，我希望它能带我观看篮球比赛。」库伊说，「这就是我们试图做的。 」
以下是苹果表示将支持的联赛清单：
美国职棒大联盟（MLB）
国家美式足球联盟（NFL）
NCAA橄榄球（NCAA Football）
美国女子职业篮球联赛（WNBA）
美国职业足球大联盟（MLS）
美国职业篮球联赛（NBA）
NCAA篮球（NCAA basketball）
全国冰球联盟（NHL）
德甲联赛（Bundesliga）
西甲联赛（LaLiga）
墨西哥足球甲级联赛（Liga MX）
法国甲级联赛（Ligue 1）
英格兰足球超级联赛（Premier League）
义大利足球甲级联赛（Serie A）
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All Rights Reserved. ©2018 lvcnn.com Software ©2018 Las Vegas Chinese News Network Corp.Barbari: ieri e oggi
I Greci chiamarono barbari indistintamente tutti quegli uomini e tutte quelle città che non appartenevano alla famiglia ellenica. Pur se in seguito al termine si ricollegò l’idea dello stato di inferiorità di chiunque, individuo o popolo, mancasse di cultura o di libertà, la parola conservò in primis, fondamentale, la connotazione linguistica oltre che culturale (Momigliano): barbaro era –e rimase- colui che non parlava greco, al punto che, se fu sempre possibile ad un individuo proporsi qualora parlasse quella lingua, riuscì sempre sostanzialmente impossibile riconoscere quel carattere ad intere popolazioni.
Quanto ai Romani, che dai Greci furono a lungo definiti a loro volta barbari, per essi il termine avrebbe, secondo alcuni (Plauto, Ovidio, Cicerone), seguito un identico itinerario ideale; cosa che appare oggi improbabile qualora si accetti l’ipotesi che vede nelle stesse tribù genetiche unite a formare la Roma delle origini (Ramnes, Tities, Luceres) la traccia di tre diverse componenti linguistiche. Il processo è, a Roma, assai più complesso, data la capacità mostrata da questa cultura di aggregare e trasformare, trasformandosi a sua volta, le diverse comunità con cui viene in contatto, trasformandone l’individuo non solo ex hoste in socium, ma addirittura in civem. E’ possibile che la frontiera del barbaro si allontani come l’isola non trovata stabilizzandosi solo con l’arrestarsi delle conquiste? (Giovanni Brizzi)
La scoperta delle Americhe alla fine del Quindicesimo secolo riaprì la questione del significato di barbarie e della relazione dei barbari con i popoli civilizzati. I dibattiti tra Bartolomeo de Las Casas e Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda nella celebre controversia di Valladolid nel 1550 concernente la giustificazione della conquista spagnola delle Indie (ovvero delle Americhe) divennero paradogmatici per i moderni. Essi contribuirono a ridefinire l’idea di stato di natura, di civilità e barbarie, e infine proposero un’interprezione storica della civiltà occidentale o europea così da inferire forme di barbarie interne ad essa, interrompendo il mito che la barbarie riguardasse solo il mondo non civilizzato ovvero esterno a quello europeo. Da questi dibattiti emersero anche cruciali argomenti pro e contro la servitù e infine il problema di come giustificare la cristianizzazione. Nella mia presentazione conto di procedere da questi temi per affrontare problemi vicini a noi, relativi al riconoscimento di culture altre e alla questione del pluralismo e della tolleranza nelle nostre società. (Nadia Urbinati)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_ODe9s7uVE
Partecipanti:YAĞMUR
Felsefe
OPEN
- Q. Locke'a göre tüm bilgilerimizin kaynağı dış duyumla elde ettiğimiz verilerdir. Bunun dışında başka bir kaynak söz konusu olamaz. Dolayısıyla bilgi deneyden gelir.
Bu parçadan, aşağıdaki yargıların hangisine ulaşılamaz?
- Q. 18. yüzyıl felsefesinde Descartes'ın etkisi yadsınamaz. Onun düşüncelerinin etkisinin yaşadığı dönemle sınırlı olduğunu söylemek mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle 18. yüzyılı anlamak için kendinden önceki yüzyılları da anlamak ve değerlendirmek gerekir.
Buna göre aşağıdaki ifadelerden hangisi doğrudur?
- Q. Ödev kavramı herkesin pratik kullanımı için mutluluk düşüncelerini içeren herhangi bir güdüden daha basit, açık anlaşılır ve doğaldır. En sıradan insanın aklına göre bile ödev kavramı, çıkarcı mutluluk ilkesinden alınmış tüm güdülerden daha kuvvetli, nüfuz edici ve umut vericidir.
Kant'ın bu görüşlerini aşağıdaki ifadelerden hangisi desteklemektedir?
- Q. Hegel, varlığın temeline her şeyin özü olarak salt kavramsal yapıya sahip "Tin"i yani mutlak ruhu koyar. Hegel "Tin"i gelişen dinamik bir süreç olarak açıklar. Hem doğa hem de insan tez, antitez ve sentez sıralamasıyla işleyen diyalektik bir gelişme sonucunda ortaya çıkar. Hegel tez aşamasına akılsal kavramsal yapıdaki 'Tin'i, antitez aşamasına gerçeklikten yoksun duyusal dünyayı yani doğayı koyar. Doğanın çelişkili yapısı içinde tutsak kalan "Tin", özgürlüğünü kazanmak için insanla birlikte sentez aşamasına yükselir ve sonunda felsefi çabayla yeniden kavram haline dönüşerek kendine geri döner.
Parçada sözü edilen bu görüş aşağıdaki kavramlardan hangisi ile adlandırılır?
- Q. J. Locke, insan zihnine bilgilerin nereden geldiğini, zihnin nasıl dolduğunu ya da donatıldığını sorar. "Aklın ve bilginin bütün malzemelerine zihin nereden ve nasıl sahip olur?" sorusuna tek bir sözcükle cevap verir: "Deneyden." Ona göre, bütün bilgimiz deneyde temelini bulur ve kendisini deneyden türetir.
Bu parçadan hareketle aşağıdaki yargılardan hangisine ulaşılamaz?
- Q. Aydınlanma, insanın dünyasını algılamada ve biçimlendirmede geleneklere bağlı kalmaktan kurtulup kendi aklı ile hayatını aydınlatmaya girişmesidir. Buna bir de Kant'ın klasikleşmiş Aydınlanma tanımını ekleyelim. Kant'a göre: "Aydınlanma, insanın kendi suçu ile düşmüş olduğu bir ergin olmayış durumundan kurtulup aklı kullanmaya başlamasıdır". Ona göre, insan bu duruma aklın kendisi yüzünden değil, onu kullanmaması yüzünden düşmüştür çünkü insan şimdiye kadar aklını kendi başına kullanamamış, hep başkalarının kılavuzluğunu aramıştır.
Buna göre aşağıdaki yargılardan hangisi aydınlanma düşüncesine uygundur?
- Q. I) Genel olarak insanın kendi yaşamını düzenlenmesini yeniden gündeme almıştır.
II) Tanrı merkezli toplumsal yapı ve düzenlemeleri esas almıştır.
III) Kaynağı Rönesans felsefesi ve17. yüzyıl felsefesinin ortaya koyduğu ilkelerdir.
IV) Kesin doğrulara ve bilginin ilerlemesine dayanan entelektüel bir kültür egemendir.
V) En önemli düşünürleri arasında Descartes, Bacon ve Leibniz vardır.
Yukarıda verilen ifadelerden hangileri 18. yüzyıl felsefesi için doğru değildir?
- Q. Aydınlanma felsefesi, düşüncelerini geniş çevrelere benimsetebilmek için, bilimin kesin anlatımı yerine her türlü yazı şekline başvur
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د.
وی ادامه داد: ارمنستان و جمهوری اسلامی ایران، اشتراکات فرهنگی زیادی دارند و بنیاد روابط دوستی ایران و ارمنستان، فرهنگ است. در روابط فرهنگی، هنری ۲ کشور کارهایی انجام شده اما بیشتر باید کار شود.
سفیر ارمنستان همچنین از اجرای گروه کر ارمنستان در آینده به مناسبت بزرگداشت کمیتاس آهنگساز فقید ارمنی در تهران خبر داد.
سیدمجتبی حسینی معاون امور هنری وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی نیز در این دیدار با تأکید بر همکاری فرهنگی و هنری ۲ کشور جمهوری اسلامی ایران و ارمنستان بیان کرد: پیوندهای عمیقی در زمینه هنرهای مختلف مانند موسیقی بین ایران و ارمنستان وجود دارد و ۲ کشور نغمه های مشترکی دارند. با این نزدیکی و پیوند فرهنگی، انتظار می رود روابط فرهنگی و هنری گسترده تر باشد. تاکنون نیز فعالیت هایی در زمینه های هنری بین ۲ کشور انجام شده است که می تواند این فعالیت ها در زمینه برگزاری و اجرای برنامه های هنری و رفت و آمد هنرمندان ۲ کشور بیشتر شود. نزدیکی و ارتباط فرهنگی ۲ کشور قابل توسعه است و وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی نیز استقبال می کند.
حسینی در پایان یادآور شد: علاوه بر برنامه های هنری و ارتباط و تعامل هنرمندان ۲ کشور، جشنواره های هنری مانند جشنواره های تئاتر، موسیقی، هنرهای تجسمی و مد و لباس فجر، فرصتی برای ارتباط هستند و گروه های هنری ارمنستان می توانند در این رویدادها حضور داشته باشند و از سوی دیگر، هنرمندان و گروه های ایران نیز به تناسب در جشنواره های هنری ارمنستان حضور پیدا کنند. این رویدادها می تواند مقدمه ارتباط و تعامل هنرمندان باشد. گفتگوها و ارتباطات فرهنگی بین ایران و ارمنستان به آسانی ادامه خواهد یافت و تقویت می شود و دولت جمهوری اسلامی ایران نیز تمایل دارد روابط فرهنگی، هنری و دوستانه با کشورهای همسایه تداوم یابد.May 8, 1521
Birth of St. Peter Canisius, the first German Jesuit. Sometimes called the “Second Apostle of Germany” (St. Boniface is the first), he was the first German to enter the Jesuit order and founded numerous Jesuit centers in Germany.
May 8, 1909
Death of Friedrich Holstein in Berlin, Germany. Holstein was a member of the Prussian diplomatic service who was stationed in the United States from 1865-1867. After the departure of Otto von Bismarck he became the most influential voice on foreign policy during the reign of Wilhelm II. He never held the position of foreign minister, but for a time had the real influence in that area. He thus earned the nickname, “Die graue Eminenz”. Holstein had been a friend of Bismarck’s since childhood and it was Bismarck who brought him into the Prussian diplomatic service in 1860. After Bismarck’s departure Holstein found himself at first more influential that the foreign minister but gradually he became more and more at odds with the impulsive policies of the emperor and finally was dismissed in 1906.
May 8, 1913
Death of Bl. Ulrika Franziska Nisch (1882-1913) Ulrika Franziska Nisch was born in 1882 in the village of Mittelbiberach-Oberndorf in the state of Württemberg, Germany. She was admitted to the Sisters of the Cross order in 1904. She worked in the kitchen of the order. She reported numerous visions of angels and saints. She was beatified in 1987 by Pope John-Paul II.
May 8, 1933
Death of Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt (1853-1933) in Mainz, Germany. Goldschmidt was a mineralogist specializing in crystallography. He indexed and cataloged all known crystals and established tables of crystal angles. From the number series in crystal symbols he developed a theory of number and harmony which subsequently was applied in several fields of study.
May 8, 1945
Victory in Europe Day—known as V-E Day or VE Day—was the public holiday celebrated on May 8, 1945 (in Commonwealth countries, May 7, 1945) to mark the date when the World War II Allies formally accepted the unconditional surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler’s Third Reich, thus ending the war in Europe. The formal surrender of the occupying German forces in the Channel Islands was not until May 9, 1945. On April 30 Hitler committed suicide during the Battle of Berlin, and so the surrender of Germany was authorized by his successor, President of Germany Karl Dönitz. The administration headed by Dönitz was known as the Flensburg government. The act of military surrender was signed on May 7 in Reims, France, and on May 8 in Berlin, Germany.
May 8, 1949
Work is completed on the new German “Basic Law”. That body of law, with amendments, remains the German constitution.
May 8, 1991
Death of Rudolf Serkin in Guilford, VT (born in Eger, Austria-Hungary (now in the Czech Republic)). Serkin was a pianist who gave his first performance with the Vienna Symphony Orchestra at age 12. After developing a reputation in Europe, he moved to the United States in 1939 and taught and performed successfully as an American. He was one of the founders of the Marlboro Festival in Vermont. His son, Peter, followed him as a concert pianist.
May 8, 1996
The first Goethe Institute in Eastern Germany is opened in Weimar.
May 8, 1997
German President, Roman Herzog, receives the Karlspreiz (Charlemagne prize) in Aachen, Germany.
Back to Today in German History Calendarوسايل مورد نياز:
2 فنجان آب گرم و 1 قاشق غذاخوري از آرد ذرت را در يک بطري اسپري خالي کنيد و مخلوط کنيد . بطري را تکان دهيد تا نشاسته ذرت به طور کامل در آب حل شود. اگر دوست داريد لباس هاي تان محکم ترشود، و يا نياز به يک نشاسته زيادي براي يقه داريد 1 قاشق چايخوري ديگر اضافه کنيد.
مراحل:
اتو را روشن و روي حرارت مناسب تنظيم کنيد.
براي اتو کردن هر قسمت از لباس آن را پشت و رو کنيد. هنگام اتو کشي قسمت هاي مختلف لباس را به ترتيب روي تخته اتو صاف کنيد. تمامي قسمت هاي لباس را اتو کنيد تا کاملا صاف شود.
مخلوطي که تهيه کرديد را تکان بدهيد تا کاملا هم بخورد. بطري را در فاصله 15 تا 25 سانتي اسپري کنيد. روي يقه و سر آستين ها بيشتر اسپري کنيد تا شکل بگيرند.
آن قسمت از لباس که اتو مي کنيد با يک دست محکم بگيريد. از دست ديگرتان براي سر دادن اتو با تکان هاي کوتاه استفاده کنيد. تا زماني که صداي خشک شدن آب بر اثر برخورد اتو را مي شنويد و ناحيه مورد نظر يکدست نشده به اتو کشيدنتان همراه با اسپري ادامه دهيد. اين به شما اطمينان مي دهد که تمامي آنچه اسپري کرديد خشک مي شود بعد از اتمام کار، لباس را وارسي کنيد تا قسمتي بدون اتو نمانده باشد.
اجازه دهيد اتو سرد شود. اتو را بوسيله يک پارچه مرطوب تميز کنيد تا هرگونه لک باقيمانده از نشاسته پاک شود. هر گونه نشاسته بلااستفاده را در يخچال نگهداري کنيد. قبل از هرگونه استفاده، اجازه دهيد تا نشاسته گرم شود و دماي محيط را به خود بگيرد و خوب آن را تکان دهيد تا با آب مخلوط شود.
نکات و هشدارها:
قبل از اتو کشيدن، اتيکت لباس را براي داشتن هرگونه دستورالعملي بررسي کنيد.
وسايل مورد نياز:بازار راکد است و
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competitiveness to other accepted carcass and SRM disposal technologies. The final objective of this study identified potential applications for the effluent or proteinaceous end-product in an effort to recover value from the process and turn a liability into a commodity of some relative value.
The stated objectives for this work were:
Demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and economics of converting Bovine SRM’s into safe non-ruminant animal feed products or biofuels.
To view the complete project summary, click the download button above.On January 29, 2010, David Korten addressed the Education for Sustainable Development Conference in Stockholm, Sweden. His remarks follow.
We humans are in the midst of a potentially terminal economic, social, and environmental crisis of our own making. Our economic systems are unstable, extreme inequality is tearing apart the social fabric, and Earth’s critical living systems are collapsing. We have gathered for this conference, not to debate the seriousness of our situation, but rather to explore how our educational institutions can contribute to the solution.
Building an Earth Community
I want to start by quoting from the preamble of The Earth Charter, a document that grew out of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit. It is a summation of conversations over several years involving thousands of persons representing the grand diversity of the world’s people and cultures. Its opening words frame the work at hand:
We stand at a critical moment in Earth's history, a time when humanity must choose its future. As the world becomes increasingly interdependent and fragile, the future at once holds great peril and great promise. To move forward we must recognize that in the midst of a magnificent diversity of cultures and life forms we are one human family and one Earth Community with a common destiny.
The Earth Charter preamble goes on to make clear that we must not only recognize that we are one Earth Community, we must restructure our institutions in ways that allow us to function as a global Earth Community, a community of life. And it tells us why:
The dominant patterns of production and consumption are causing environmental devastation, the depletion of resources, and a massive extinction of species. Communities are being undermined. The benefits of development are not shared equitably and the gap between rich and poor is widening. Injustice, poverty, ignorance, and violent conflict are widespread and the cause of great suffering. An unprecedented rise in human population has overburdened ecological and social systems. The foundations of global security are threatened. These trends are perilous—but not inevitable.
The choice is ours: form a global partnership to care for Earth and one another or risk the destruction of ourselves and the diversity of life. Fundamental changes are needed in our values, institutions, and ways of living.
Institutional change is perhaps the most important and yet most neglected of the crucial changes we must navigate. If we humans are to adapt to 21st century reality, we must restructure or replace the economic institutions of the 20th century, which lock us into a dynamic of perpetual economic growth, with institutions designed to support ecological balance, shared prosperity, and living democracy—terms I will define in a few minutes.
This presents an unprecedented challenge for institutions of higher learning organized to prepare young graduates to succeed in a world that we must now put behind us. They are ill-equipped to prepare people of all ages for their necessary roles in creating and staffing the institutions of a new civilization. They must rethink, retool, and reorganize.
Contextualizing the Problem
The truly epic nature of the challenge is best expressed by placing it in its deeper historical and evolutionary context. For the past 5,000 years, we humans have been living in a cultural trance of our own making that alienates us from the land, our true human nature, and our human place in the cosmos.
So who are we humans? From where did we come? For what purpose? And how did we get ourselves in such a mess? Here is how I understand the new story based on the data of science, the wisdom of indigenous peoples, and the teachings of Jesus and other mystics.
Hundreds of thousands of years ago, the integral spiritual intelligence that expresses itself through what we know as creation embarked on a bold and risky experiment in reflective consciousness by bringing forth a species able to step back and to reflect on creation in awe and wonder and to participate as a conscious co-creator in the continued creative unfolding. We humans are that species.
Our reflective consciousness gives us the capacity to choose our future with conscious collective intent. It was a risky experiment, however, because the capacity for self-awareness gives us an ego that can run out of control if it forgets that it exists only as part of a larger whole.
Age-Old Wisdom for the New Economy Indigenous peoples have learned a few things about making it through hard times. What did traditional economies do to foster abundance, sharing, and harmony with Mother Earth?
As our human consciousness was first awakening, our capacities for conscious self-direction grew. We learned to communicate through speech, master fire, domesticate plants and animals, and construct houses of skins, wood, stone, and dried mud. We developed the arts of pottery, painting, weaving, and carving. We undertook vast continental and transcontinental migrations to populate the planet and adapted to vastly different physical topographies and climates. We created complex languages and social codes that allowed for life in larger communities.
In our earliest days, we humans raised our children collectively in the clan, tribe, or village, initiating them to the ways of life and teaching them the need to serve the community and to care for our Earth Mother as she, in turn, cares for us.
Then some 5,000 years ago, something went terribly wrong: We turned from the ways of Earth Community to the ways of Empire. It was a time of separation and forgetting. Community, partnership, and the celebration of life gave way to domination and violence.
The few expropriated the wealth of the many. The masculine drove out the feminine. We worshiped our Sky Father, but turned against our Earth Mother. We came to value the power to kill and destroy more highly than the ability to create and nurture life.
Conquest became the measure of greatness. Economies came to be based on servitude. With a few on the top and the many on the bottom, everyone was placed in competition with everyone else for the favored positions; the bonds of caring and sharing were broken. Money and power became the prime arbiters of relationships. The creative energy of the species was redirected from securing the well-being of the tribe and Mother Earth to advancing the technological instruments of war and the social instruments of domination.
Resources were expropriated by the winners to maintain the system of domination. The positions of power too often went to the most ruthless and psychologically damaged members of society.
If this discussion of Empire sounds familiar, it is for good reason. Although kings and emperors have been replaced by corporate CEOs and hedge fund managers, we are still living in the Era of Empire. Our institutions have evolved to grow the power and wealth of a small ruling class that in some respects lives even further beyond the reach of public accountability than the kings and emperors of an earlier time.
In the past 100 years, we humans have achieved a technological mastery beyond the imagination of previous generations. Yet, lacking in the wisdom of place and community that is the heritage of indigenous peoples, the consumer culture fabricated by the institutions of Wall Street has led us to forget what it means to be human and to deny our connection to the web of planetary life. The result is an ecological and social crisis that threatens the very survival of the species. The time has come to rediscover our humanity, reclaim the power that Wall Street institutions and their global counterparts have usurped, and bring ourselves back into balance with one another and with Earth—our living home.
Think of this as our final examination to determine whether we are a species worthy of survival. If there is to be a human future, we must reinvent ourselves and our institutions—and do so with all possible speed. This is the challenge with which our educational institutions must now engage.
We need a new vision for the human future that goes far beyond current policy proposals for adjustments in technology and market incentives. The values and institutions of the 20th century that led us to recklessly squander Earth’s abundance for the benefit of the few were shaped by an economic mindset that reduces all values to financial values and all human exchanges to financial transactions for private financial gain. This mindset gave us collapsing environmental systems, unconscionable inequality, and rule by global corporations that operate beyond the reach of democratic accountability.
Ecological Principles for the New Economy
The economic systems and institutions of the 21st century must be designed to serve three very different outcomes: ecological balance, shared prosperity, and living democracy. We properly turn to ecologists, not economists, for guidance. The underlying principles of the new economy are ecological principles. They are central to the ecologist’s intellectual frame, but alien to the financial frame of most professional economists.
- Ecological Balance: I call this spaceship management 101. The defining human imperative of our time is to bring ourselves into balance with Earth’s biosphere. This requires shrinking global GDP, starting with the most profligate nations while creating a planetary-scale economic system that mimics the structure and behavior of Earth’s biosphere. Listen closely, because the following is key: Earth’s biosphere is segmented into countless self-organizing local ecosystems, each locally rooted, locally self-reliant, and exquisitely adapted to its particular place on earth to optimize the use of locally available resources in service to life. We must similarly organize our human economies as subsystems of local ecosystems. To the extent that each local economy is in balance with its local ecosystem, the biosphere itself will be in balance.
- Shared Prosperity: As we act to reduce aggregate consumption and rebuild local economies that integrate with local ecosystems, we need to recognize that Earth’s bounty is the shared birthright of all living beings and learn to share it equitably for the benefit of all. It is the right thing to do and essential to our survival. It is also a necessary path to increasing human health and happiness. According to a massive body of public health research, societies that share wealth equally are healthier, have stronger families and communities, less crime and violence, and healthier natural environments than do less equal societies. Inequality creates psychological and emotional stress, including for those at the top, discourages sharing, and increases insecurity. Societies that distribute wealth equitably also tend to be more democratic and more resilient in the face of crisis.
- Living Democracy: In living democracies, popular sovereignty is integral to the fabric of community life. Living democracy is a daily practice of civic life. Living democracies celebrate and affirm diversity within a framework of individual rights, community responsibility, and mutual accountability. Their political and economic institutions support local decision making within a framework of cooperation and mutually agreed rules. Shared power, shared resources, and shared prosperity go hand in hand.
Redesigning the System
The defining structural characteristics of economies organized to support ecological balance, shared prosperity, and living democracy will be near mirror opposites of the structures of power and privilege that the current economy supports. Here are three key system design issues:
The Economics of Happiness
A ground-breaking commission of leading economists suggests that nations look beyond GDP.
- Indicators. We currently use gross domestic product (GDP) and corporate stock share price indices as the primary indicators against which we evaluate economic performance, and we manage our public policies to maximize their growth. GDP is basically a measure of the rate at which we are turning useful resources into garbage and stock price indices are basically a measure of the rate at which rich people are getting richer relative to the rest of us while doing no useful work.
We get what we measure, so we should measure what we want by assessing economic performance against non-financial indicators of the health of people, community, and nature. Indicators like the Living Planet Index and the Ecological Footprint promoted by the World Wide Fund for Nature are an excellent place to start.
- Money system. Our present economic system centralizes and monopolizes control of the creation and allocation of money in the hands of a very few private banks that use this power to finance socially destructive speculation, asset bubbles, loan pyramids, and corporate buyouts, and to force working people and productive Main Street enterprises into debt slavery. The official money system is the operating system of the economy. It can and should be decentralized, localized, and managed as a public utility comprised primarily of locally rooted nonprofit or publicly owned community banks and credit unions providing basic financial services and funding productive local investment. Financial speculation should be eliminated either by legal prohibition or through the imposition of confiscatory taxes. For all the attention given to financial analysis, the money system is one of the least understood aspects of modern society and it gets little attention in university programs. Understanding money as a system of power and the implications for society should be considered an essential foundation of education for responsible citizenship to which every student should be exposed.
- Business Enterprises. The global economy is organized under the control of global mega-corporations with internal economies larger than those of most countries, which are accountable only to absentee owners whose sole interest is financial return. The living economies of the future are properly organized around locally owned small and medium-sized living enterprises that root economic decision making in the community, treat profit as a means rather than an end, and define their purpose in terms of meeting community needs. Large corporations must be broken up and restructured as smaller worker- or community-owned businesses. Business schools that prepare managers to serve the financial bottom line of large corporations will need to reorganize to prepare managers for living enterprises.
When Money Rules
Modern money is perhaps the most mysterious of human inventions. It is nothing but a number of no substance or intrinsic worth. Yet in contemporary societies, money determines our access to virtually every essential of life. The decisions of those who control the creation and allocation of money determine the fate of nations and shape the booms and busts of economic life They determine who among Earth’s people will have food, shelter, education, and health care—and who will not.
It is all just numbers and creative accounting, but the system that generates and allocates these special numbers is the most effective and undemocratic of tyrannies, because its inner workings are largely invisible and therefore difficult for ordinary people to challenge. We may express outrage against the bankers who abuse the power the system gives them, but we generally take the system itself for granted.
The money system largely defies understanding, because it is based on illusions, beginning with the illusion that money itself is wealth and that people who make money are thereby creating wealth.
Economist John Kenneth Galbraith once famously observed that the process by which money is created is “so simple it repels the mind.” When you take out a loan from a bank, the bank opens an account in your name and enters the amount of the loan in its ledger. That becomes a liability on the bank’s accounts, offset by the corresponding asset of your promise to repay with interest. Two simple accounting entries and money magically appears from nowhere. This simple fact makes banking a very profitable business and is the key to the ability of the institutions of global finance to rule the world.
Mayer Amschel Rothschild, founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty, once famously said, "Permit me to issue and control the money of a nation and I care not who makes its laws."
Money created out of nothing, unrelated to the creation of anything of corresponding value, is phantom wealth. In the United States, Wall Street has built a whole industry devoted to creating phantom wealth. They call it financial innovation. It is a form of theft and should be treated as such. Understanding how this works is essential to fulfilling one’s civic responsibility in a democratic society, yet it is rarely addressed in existing university curricula.
Real wealth has intrinsic value: land, labor, food, and knowledge are all examples. The most valuable of all forms of wealth are those that are beyond price: love; a healthy, happy child; a job that provides a sense of self-worth and contribution; membership in a strong, caring community; a healthy, vibrant natural environment; peace. None of these has any place on corporate balance sheets or in our calculations of gross domestic product. Consequently, many of our ruling economic institutions have become highly efficient in converting real living wealth into phantom financial wealth.
Putting the Science of Happiness into Practice :: News from the 5th International Conference on Gross National Happiness.
From the standpoint of society, money is properly treated as a means, not an end. Rather than directing money to financial
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of immigrant communities. It also explores all that we have in common.
Throughout the month, local organizations and City agencies will offer events and activities. This includes:
Attend a naturalization ceremony held in partnership with the Office of Immigrant Affairs, Office of LGBT Affairs, and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
Explore the intersections of incarceration, immigrant detention, homophobia, and the global refugee crisis with a panel discussion and book-making activity.
Promote the spirit of welcome and inclusion with three concurrent block parties in the neighborhoods where Philadelphia’s refugees live.Explanation: Spanish matadors began using a small red cape, or muleta, in bullfighting around the 1700s. Ever since, it seems, people have perpetuated the color-charged myth that red makes bulls go wild.
An 1,800-pound bull can hook a grown man with his horns and toss him 30 feet in the air, so the MythBusters set out to find a way to test this myth — carefully. They decided to put makeshift matadors into an arena, each holding a flag of a different color, and wait for an angry bull to see red.
The red, blue and white flags got equal, half-hearted attacks when they were motionless. In order to elicit an aggressive charge response from the bull, the flags had to be waved.
Turns out, the color red isn't what causes bulls to attack. In fact, bulls don't seem to have any color preference at all. They'll charge whichever object is moving the most, which means this old myth can get tossed right out of the ring.More Species at Risk in Canada
Last week I wrote about attending the species assessment meeting of the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife (COSEWIC) in Canada. The committee has released the results of its deliberations, and it has added 21 species (or species populations) to the list of species it has assessed as being at risk of extinction in Canada. With these new additions, there are now 577 wildlife species in various COSEWIC risk categories (endangered, threatened, special concern, and extirpated).
Newly assessed species include Snapping Turtle and Band-tailed Pigeon, two long-lived species whose demography (long life span, late age at first reproduction, low recruitment to the adult population) and threats (including harvesting and habitat loss for both species and road mortality for Snapping Turtles) have resulted in their classification as species of special concern. The Roundnose Grenadier, a marine fish of the east coast whose population declined 98% from 1974 to 1994, was declared endangered. The full results of the assessments are available here.What does this mean for wildlife in Canada? Species are facing mounting threats every day (habitat loss, pollution, climate change, etc.) and the ever increasing list of species at risk in Canada reflects that. There are also many other species in Canada that are likely at risk and have simply not yet been assessed by scientific experts. Undoubtedly we are losing species without even knowing about it, particularly in poorly-known taxonomic groups like arthropods.
The government of Canada carries out socio-economic analyses of potential listing decisions, which can be biased towards the economic impacts of listing on industry, and fail to take into account the “full cost accounting” of a listing decision which includes equal consideration of the ecological value of protecting the species.
As we do with all species listed under the Act, we’ll be watching closely and urging swift action to grant the necessary protection of these 21 species to ensure their survival and ultimate recovery.We are witnessing world’s biggest catastrophe in the form of zoonotic contagious virus named novel coronavirus (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2). More than sixteen lakhs humans have already been infected by this COVID-19 and more than one lakh deaths related to coronavirus have been reported across the world till date. The current statistics of COVID-infections and accounted deaths clearly indicates the severity of situation. The world health organization (WHO) had already announced it as pandemic. Most of the world’s leading countries have announced national emergency and adopted partial or complete lockdown to control the transmission of infection. Indian population is no stranger to this highly contagious virus. Indian government has also taken some stringent and wise decisions to curb down the infection at its early stage. Nationwide lockdown (started since 22 March, 2020) is one of the important decisions taken by the central government to break the transmission chain and provide ample time to different institutions for preparation to face the future situation. Aside from the Coronavirus lockdown arresting the spread of the pandemic, it has also had an impact on the environment and there are certain lessons we must not ignore.
Impact of Coronavirus lockdown on air quality
Nationwide lockdown brings shutdown of all kinds of factories/industries, construction works and major transportation (public and personal vehicles) except necessary sectors across the country. Most of these sectors use fossil fuel based energy sources, which are the major source of anthropogenic pollutants and greenhouse gases, responsible for climate change. The forced restrictions on vehicular and industrial emissions are expected to results in better air quality. Within a week of the lockdown, the social media got flooded with various news/pictures/videos, showing twinkling stars in clear night sky, increased visibility during day and better air quality etc., as a result of lockdown. In fact, my scientific analysis using satellite observations also indicates a significant decrease in atmospheric particulate matter and gaseous pollution over India during lockdown period (see Figure). Satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are used as proxies for air-borne particulate matter and anthropogenic gaseous pollutant, respectively. My study shows a significant decrease (about 20 – 60%) in AOD during lockdown as compared to past four years mean for the same period. As expected, the drop in concentration of particulate matter increases as a function of days in lockdown period. The gaseous pollutant (NO2) also shows a significant drop (about 20 – 40%) during entire month of March and early April, 2020.
Impact of Coronavirus lockdown on water quality
Coronavirus induced lockdown is not only benefiting in terms of air quality but also have greater impact on water quality and health of riverine systems. The discharge of chemical pollutants from factories and industries into rivers is completely closed, which accounts for a significant reduction in the pollution load of rivers flowing near urban agglomerates. However, there is no change in organic pollutants discharge through sewage from urban regions. In the absence of significant amount of chemical pollutants, self-cleansing capacities of rivers via dilution by natural runoff and natural degradation by microbial activities, may be able to deal with organic pollutants. Various social media posts and mainstream media articles show significant improvement in visible color and smell of water of Yamuna and Ganges as compared to past. However, scientific analysis results are yet to be seen before endorsing these claims.
The wild animals
Another important environmental aspect during lockdown period is related with increased frequency of spotting wild animals in residential/urban locations. Several Facebook’s and WhatsApp’s posts are displaying videos of elephant, deer and other animals roaming around in residential localities as per their claims. The marine animals are also frequently seen near coast during this period. Though a number of such claims are found to be false, these kinds of scenarios are natural in lockdown regulated silence zone of urban locations. The wild animals are claiming back their spaces and roaming freely while humans are sheltering in their houses during the lockdown period.
Coronavirus lockdown, the environment and lessons to be learnt
Better air quality, healthy riverine and flourishing ecosystems during lockdown give me a soothing touch as an environmentalist, but I can’t rejoice it. These environmental benefits are temporary and post-lockdown ‘as usual scenario’ may even pose greater threat to environment. These positive environmental changes are seen as a result of compulsive lockdown under the threat of pandemic outbreak, which have claimed a number of lives. This sudden lockdown has already costed lakhs of jobs, social security and mental peace of fellow citizens. Lakhs of poor and marginalized population are suffering despite the concerted efforts of states and central government’s machineries. Therefore, we can’t celebrate these temporary environmental benefits, but certainly can learn lessons from this lockdown.
This lockdown provides a natural laboratory condition of environment to gather baseline data for different environmental parameters. The academic/research institutions may use this scenario to build a nationwide baseline data for environment by collecting (with taking all necessary health precautions) measurements of various atmospheric, hydrological and ecosystem parameters. These baseline data can be helpful in determining the shares of different sectors in environmental pollution. Further, it can be used by stakeholders and policy makers to build a sustainable development model for the nation. In my view, this lockdown scenario gives us better understanding to differentiate between our needs and luxuries at individual levels. The goals of sustainable development can’t be achieved without balancing between ‘needs and luxuries’ at various scales such as individual, community, state and global levels. The lessons learned from lockdown can be used as arsenals in our fight for clean air, clean water and a healthy environment.کرونا در ایران: تعداد شهرهای قرمز به ۱۴۳ شهر رسید؛ ۵۶۰۰ مبتلا در بیمارستانهای تهران
: منتشر شده در
بر اساس آخرین تغییرات در نقشه رنگبندی شهرستانهای ایران، وضعیت شیوع کرونا در ۱۴۳ شهرستان قرمز، ۱۸۶ شهرستان نارنجی و ۱۱۹ شهرستان زرد است و تعداد شهرستانهای آبی همچنان صفر است.
بر اساس گزارشهای روز جمعه نرم افزار ماسک، وابسته به وزارت بهداشت ایران، شهرستان های رودسر، رودبار و بندرانزلی در استان گیلان، از جمله شهرهایی هستند که به شهرها با وضعیت قرمز اضافه شدند و به این ترتیب تعداد شهرستان های قرمز گیلان به عدد ۶ رسید که شامل شهرستان رشت ، خمام و آستارا نیز می شود.
مرکز روابط عمومی و اطلاع رسانی وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی همچنین روز جمعه اعلام کرد: ۱۴۶ بیمار کووید ۱۹ در ۲۴ ساعت گذشته جان خود را از دست دادند و مجموع جان باختگان این بیماری به ۸۵ هزار و ۵۴۳ نفر رسید.
همچنین مجموع بیماران کووید ۱۹ در کشور به سه میلیون و ۳۴۴ هزار و ۱۲۲ نفر رسید و سه هزار و ۵۰۶ نفر از بیماران مبتلا به کووید ۱۹ در بخش های مراقبت های ویژه بیمارستان ها تحت مراقبت قرار دارند.
تاکنون چهار میلیون و ۵۲۹ هزار و ۸۴۵ نفر دوز اول واکسن کرونا و ۲ میلیون و ۱۲۸ هزار و ۸۵۰ نفر نیز دوز دوم را تزریق کرده اند. مجموع واکسن های تزریق شده در کشور به ۶ میلیون و ۶۵۸ هزار و ۶۹۵ دوز رسید.
بر اساس معیارهای قطعی تشخیصی، ۱۶ هزار و ۵۹۶ بیمار جدید مبتلا به کووید۱۹، از روز پنج شنبه تا روز جمعه ۱۸ تیرماه ۱۴۰۰ در کشور شناسایی شد که هزار و ۷۵۹ نفر از آنها بستری شدند.
۵۶۰۰ بیمار کرونا در استان تهران
علیرضا زالی رئیس ستاد مقابله با کرونا استان تهران گفت: در حال حاضر بیش از پنج هزار و ۶۰۰ بیمار کرونایی در بیمارستانهای استان تهران بستری هستند، که از این تعداد قریب به دو هزار بیمار در بخش مراقبتهای ویژه هستند.
وی ادامه داد: تعداد مراجعات سرپایی بیماران کرونایی طی هفته جاری رشد چشمگیری داشت، به طوری که روز گذشته ۱۴ هزار مراجعه سرپایی به ب
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quali si sovrappongono a quelle di altre agenzie, come il Servizio di Intelligence Militare Service ed i Servizi Segreti Militari.
Fonti: Jane's Intelligence Review,
Servizi Speciali di Sicurezza (SSS)
Il SSS, noto anche come Dipartimento degli Affari Presidenziali, è il servizio più strettamente collegato a Saddam Hussein -- e, di conseguenza, è una delle organizzazioni governative più temute. Il compito primario del SSS è di proteggere la leadership del Ba'ath in Iraq, compito difficile, visti i numerosi tentativi di attentato contro Saddam Hussein. Gli esperti militari ritengono che il SSS abbia giocato un ruolo fondamentale nel programma di armamento batteriologico, chimico e nucleare iracheno.
Servizio di Intelligence Militare (MIS)
Il MIS si occupa delle questioni militari e di intelligence all'estero, così come dello studio dei pericoli interni (questioni Kurda e Shi'as incluse). Nel suo quartier generale di Baghdad ci sono una prigione, un centro speciale peri gli interrogatori, e diversi uffici polifunzionali che consentono al MIS di avere una certa indipendenza dall'esercito. Lo staff è composto da 5.000 persone ripartite in tre rami: amministrativo, politico e "speciale". Le azioni segrete sono portate avanti e coordinate dalla branca "speciale", sua volta suddivisa in sottosezioni dedicate ad Iran, Arabia Saudita, Israele, ed opposizione interna. Esiste inoltre una brigata speciale che può venire schierata rapidamente in caso di minacce dirette a Baghdad.
Servizi Segreti Militari (MSS)
Nel 1992, un anno dopo la fine della guerra del Golfo, il MSS si divise dal MIS diventando così un'agenzia indipendente. Oggi le stime indicano che entrambe le agenzie sono composte da circa 5.000 persone. Il MSS si occupa di scoprire e risolvere ogni dissidio, tradimento o insurrezione all'interno delle forze armate irachene. Il servizio si occupa anche di scoprire casi di corruzione all'interno dell'esercito e, come il MIS, risponde direttamente a Saddam Hussein e non al ministro della Difesa.
MARINA
Quadro generale
La marina irachena, già piccola prima della guerra del Golfo, si ritrovò ancora più piccola dopo la sua fine. Essa conta circa 2.000 membri che fanno capo a tre porti: Basra, Az Zubayr e Umm Qasr. Il Comando Centrale statunitense ritiene che la marina irachena abbia 21 navi (yacht presidenziale compreso), ma molte di esse potrebbero non essere operative. Si ritiene anche che tra i vascelli funzionanti ci siano una nave anti missile, navi da pattuglia di diverse dimensioni, dragamine e navi da trasporto.
AVIAZIONE
Quadro generale
L'Aviazione è stata forse il corpo delle forze armate irachene che ha subito più danni dalla guerra del golfo. Secondo il Comando Centrale U.S.A., l'Iraq ha perso almeno 37 aerei in combattimenti aria-aria, altri 100 sono stati distrutti negli hangar e 112 sono fuggiti verso l'Iran e non sono più tornati. Il numero degli aerei operativi è inoltre ulteriormente sceso negli anni '90 in conseguenza dell'embargo che ha proibito all'Iraq l'aprovvigionamento di pezzi di ricambio. Alcuni dissidenti iracheni nell'estate 2001 hanno affermato che dei 750 aerei da combattimento suddivisi in 41 squadroni del 1990, ne sarebbero rimasti attivi 90, suddivisi in 17 squadroni, L'Aviazione irachena oggi conta aprossimativamente 30.000 uomini.
Caccia
Si ritiene che l'aviazione irachena possegga 13 Mirage F1 di fabbricazione francese. Il jet ha un'apertura alare di circa 28 piedi, velocità di circa 2,600 Kmh ed un'autonomia di circa 560 miglia. l'Iraq possiede anche alcuni MiG-29 e MiG-25 di fabbricazione russa.
Aerei da attacco
Buona percentuale dell'Aviazione Irachena consiste di aerei da supporto, molti dei quali possono essere descritti come aerei da conbattimento a corto raggio.
Il MiG-21 di fabbricazione russa ed il suo successore ( oggi obsoleto) MiG-23 rientrano entrambi in questa categoria, potendo essere utilizzati sia come caccia che come intercettori. Secondo alcuni dissidenti, l'aviazione irachena ne possiede tra i 15 ed i 25 per tipo, e disporrebbe anche di un certo numero di F-7A, la versione cinese del MiG-21. Inoltre, l'Iraq può contare su una decina di cacciabombardieri SU-22 e su una quindicina di SU-25 per l'attacco a terra.
Aerei da trasporto
L'Aviazione irachena dispone di un certo numero di An-24, aerei da trasporto molto spartani, di cui è cessata la produzione nel 1978, e di una ventina di aerei del modello successivo, l'An-26.
IL'Iraq possiede inoltre un certo numero di altrettanto obsoleti An-12, aerei da trasporto di medie dimensioni, di cui è cessata la produzione nel 1973. Inoltre, la Guardia Repubblicana ha a sua disposizione parecchi A-2 da trasporto
ESERCITO
Quadro generale
Dopo la guerra del Golfo, Saddam Hussein ha cercato di ricostruire un esercito più snello e versatile, in grado di agire velocemente e, cosa ancor più importante, di riuscire a mantenere la sua base di potere. Ad oggi l'esercito iracheno sarebbe passato dal millione di soldati attivi e dai 500.000 reservisti del 1990, agli odierni 350.000 soldati attivi e ad un numero stimato di 500.000 riserve.
Organizzazione
Geograficamente, le forze irachene sono suddivise in quattro comandi regionali: meridionale, settentrionale (comprende la problematica zona Kurda), centrale (imperniato sulla capitale, Baghdad) e centrale Eufrate (comprende i territori Shi'a).
Ci sono inoltre quattro divisioni operative principali :
1) ESERCITO: consiste di 3 divisioni armate, 11 divisioni di fanteria e 3 divisioni meccanizzate.
2) ESERCITO POPOLARE: una forza di 20.000 persone suddivise in 19 divisioni. Secondo il Congresso Nazionale Iracheno, un gruppo di opposizione con base a Londra, si occupa principalmente di garantire la sicurezza delle installazioni a bassa priorità.
3) GUARDIA REPUBBLICANA: con le sue 2 divisioni corazzate, le 3 divisioni di fanteria e le 3 divisioni meccanizzate, questo corpo elitario è il meglio equipaggiato ed il meglio pagato. I suoi componenti, inoltre, vengono accuratamente selezionati sia secondo l'appartenenza etnica ed il background famigliare che per le loro qualità di combattenti.
4) GUARDIA REPUBBLICANA SPECIALE: comprende tra le 15,000 e le 26,000 unità suddivise in 14 battaglioni. Qusto gruppo altamente selezionato si occupa di mantenere il potere di Saddam Hussein e del Ba'ath.
Equipaggiamento
Si ritiene che nel 1998, soltanto il 50% dei 2.200 carri armati e dei 3.000 altri veicoli da combattimento iracheni fosse operativo.
CARRI ARMATI: L'Iraq ha più di 1,000 carri armati in servizio attivo suddivisi in T-72, T-62, T-55 (elencati dal più recente al più vecchio). L'esercito inoltre possiede un numero imprecisato di carri anfibi leggeri PT-76.
VEICOLI BLINDATI: La dotazione irachena comprende:
1) BMP-1 and BMP-2 (veicoli da combattimenro per la fanteria)
2) SU-100 (anticarro)
3) AML-60 e AML-90 (blindati leggeri)
4) EE-9, ERC-90, Panhard M3 (blindati)
5) BRDM-1, BRDM-2 (veicoli da perlustrazione)
6) PSZH-IV, BTR-50 BTR-60, BTR-152, EE-11, OT-62, OT-64, Walid, M-60P (autoblindo per il teasporto di personale)
ELICOTTERI: più di 100 elicotteri da combattimento.
Armi
ARMI DI DIFESA AEREA: Più di 1.500 missili terra-aria, Strela-3 (SA-14), Strela-2M (SA-7), Antey 9K33 (SA-8), Strela1 (SA-9) e MOWAG Roland compresi.
ARMI ANTI-CARRO: 2.000 missili teleguidati anti-carro.
ARTIGLIERIA: 3.250 pezzi d'artiglieria, compresi mortai auto-propellenti, fucili howitzer e lanciarazzi multipli.
MISSILI CRUISE: Circa 50 FAW 70 (70km di raggio d'azione), 50 FAW 150 (150km) ed un numero imprecisato di FAW 200 (200Km), R-17 Scud B (300 km) ed Al Hussein (650 km). l'Iraq ha sviluppato e produce due tipi di missili SSMs (terra-acqua) permessi dalle Nazioni Unite: l'Al-Samoud e l'Ababil, con un raggio d'azione di 150 km.
Le fabbriche della guerra
Si sospetta che nelle seguenti città irachene possano essere prodotti agenti chimici a scopo bellico.
Muthanna
Sito per la ricerca e la produzione di armi chimiche
Vi si sono prodotte migliaia di tonnellate di precursori, iprite, sarin, tabun e agenti VX.
Danneggiata durante la guerra del Golfo; le Nazioni Unite ne decretarono la distruzione del materiale tra il 1992 ed il 1997
Stato attuale sconosciuto
Fallujah I
Industria chimica e sito di produzione
Iniziata durante la guerra del Golfo non fu mai completata.
Progettata per integrare i vicini impianti di produzione
Inattiva dal1998
Fallujah II
Sito per la produzione di armi chimiche
Ha prodotto precursori chimici come ipoclorito di sodio e cloruro di tionile
Bombardata durante la guerra del golfo, il materiale rimasto fu distrutto dall'ONU tra il 1992 ed il 1997
Inattiva dal 1998
Fallujah III
Sito per la produzione di precursori per armi chimiche
Costruita durante la guerra del Golfo; mai completata
Bombardata nel 1991
Stato attuale sconosciuto
Rashad
Sito per la ricerca e la produzione chimica
Aperta nei primi anni '70
Ha prodotto tabun e piccole quantità di iprite
Nel 1983 l'atterzzatura ed il personale sono stati riallocati a Muthanna
Situazione attuale sconosciuta
Si ritiene che nei seguenti siti abbia avuto luogo la produzione di agenti batteriologici.
Salman
Sito di ricerca per le armi biologiche
Vi si sono testati diversi agenti, antrace compreso
Bombardata nel 1991 durante la guerra del Golfo
Considerata inattiva
Hakam
Sito di produzione batteriologica
Gli agenti prodotti includono antrace e tossina botulinica
Distrutta dalle Nazioni Unite nel 1996
Considerata inattiva dal 1998
Daura
Sito di ricerca per le armi batteriologiche
Nel 2001 ha cercato di ottenere dalle nazioni Unite il permeso di produrre il vaccino per la malattia mani-piedi-bocca
Nel 1991 era operativa al 25%
Fudaliyah
Sito per la produzione di Aflatossina e studi di ingegneria genetica
Originriamente un cerntro di ricerche agricole
Smantellato nel 1998
Stato attuale ignoto
Taji
Impianto di produzione della tossina botulinica
Nel 1998 il sito non era provvisto di alcuna apparecchiatura
Stato attuale ignoto
Muthanna
Istituto di ricerca per le armi biologiche
Ha costruito munizioni per le armi biologiche
Ha prodotto tossina botulinica
Bombardata nel 1991 durante la guerra del Golfo
Stato attuale sconosciuto
Mohammediyat
Sito per la prova di armi batteriologiche e chimiche
Le armi includevano aflatossina e spore di Tilletia
Vi si sono testate anche radiazioni, sostanze chimiche ed armi al fosforo bianco
Stato attuale sconosciuto
Fallujah III
Imp
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’s service and support during the Great War (as World War I was known at the time). Women also discussed the vote directly with arguments about “Why Women Should Vote” and “What [the] Negro Race owes to Its Women.”
Second, women in the Iowa State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs engaged political candidates and elected officials directly, despite their own exclusion from the polls. In 1912, at the 11th annual meeting, held in Sioux City, club members voted to endorse George H. Woodson’s candidacy for state representative from Monroe County. Woodson was a prominent African American lawyer, a leader of the Black Republican Party in Iowa, and the first African American in the state’s history to be nominated to the state legislature. As part of their endorsement, members pledged “to him our influence and support as a brother and friend and we hereby offer him our active aid at the primaries and on election day, and we urge the colored women and men of Iowa and of Monroe county to stand by him as the Haytians stood by Tousant LaOverture [sic] in the days of olden times.” They noted further, “we believe Mr. Woodson will represent the county, in the very best way, and fight for Women’s rights.” This endorsement and the call for Black women’s active political engagement demonstrated that despite their exclusion from casting their own ballots, clubwomen were invested in the political landscape, had the power to influence public opinion, and wanted to support candidates who had the interests of women and African Americans at heart. In this and other instances, the group pointed to the history of Black participation in fights for independence (as in the Haitian and American revolutions) as a demonstration of their capacity and their fitness for citizenship.
Finally, African American clubwomen used their voices and political influence to demand that white public officials take a stand against lynching and racial violence. Following a visit from journalist and activist Ida B. Wells in 1894, Black women in Des Moines formed an anti-lynching organization. Over time, the Iowa State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs passed public resolutions condemning lynching and mob violence, worked “to arouse public sentiment” on the issue, and advocated for anti-lynching legislation. At the 14th annual meeting in Cedar Rapids in 1915, the group praised local officials who they had pressured to take action in “eliminating the pictures which are objectionable to the Afro-Americans of the state.” They were referring to the “souvenir” postcards of lynchings that were common in the early twentieth century. These brutal scenes of racial violence and white spectatorship had apparently been disseminated in Iowa, including in Cedar Rapids and Des Moines. Denise Pate Spruill argues that, for Black clubwomen in Iowa, 1915-1920 was a critical period during which “Long-time anti-lynching activism evolved from passing organizational resolutions to taking a successful public stance against the dissemination of murderous images that resulted in a direct response from an elected official.”
These examples illustrate some of the ways that Black clubwomen built political skills and exercised political influence long before they gained access to the full privileges of citizenship. Do you want to know more about how these and other Iowa women campaigned for the ballot directly? Take a look at the rest of the annual meeting records – and other primary sources – in the Women’s Suffrage in Iowa Digital Collection. Thank you to the State Historical Society of Iowa for helping us share these remarkable records and to Dr. Denise Pate Spruill for providing a rich historical context for the Proceedings. All images in this post are from the Iowa Association of Colored Women’s Clubs records, 1903-1972, Special Collections, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines.
This post by IWA Student Specialist, Erik Henderson, is the sixth installment in our series highlighting African American history in the Iowa Women’s Archives collections. The series ran weekly during Black History Month, and will continue monthly for the remainder of 2020.
Has anyone told you, you were going to be great in your youth? Have you been pushed to excel beyond levels you could imagine? Has there been something you wanted to fight for that became a lifelong journey? In her oral history interview from October 1986, Esther J. Walls, former librarian, administrator and educator, illustrates a few of her life goals and approaches used in accomplishing them. While exploring Walls’s papers, one embarks on a journey with her to change the perception of Black and brown adults and youth, through literacy and programming. On the path to legacy, what distinguished Walls’s journey from others was her distinctive childhood in Mason City, Iowa, her ability to connect with young people of color in New York, and her overall international presence. In the midst of global protest about the murder of George Floyd, the role of a Black leader is critical for change. Looking at the life of Esther Walls, we can look at her actions, her persistence, and her willingness to not give up as key attributes for a Black leader during movements like this.
The interview begins with Esther Walls introducing herself and answering the question how she got involved with the Black experience. Walls answers with examining her childhood. She says, “as a youngster in Mason City, Iowa, I do remember my mother and my sister and myself frequently going to the library and coming home with the equivalent of a shopping cart full of books.” Those growing up in communities that do not reflect them must obtain positive images, outside of family, through books, music, movies, etc. For Walls, she found an escape through reading literature by Black authors. “Living in Mason City, Iowa, where there weren’t very many Blacks, meant anything that we could read about the Black experience was something that was terribly important to us.” Her love for books began at a young age but her drive to excel scholastically took off in the seventh grade. Walls stated in the interview that she was determined to be valedictorian of her class, and she completed that mission.
Walls attended Mason City Junior College before transferring to the State University of Iowa (University of Iowa), where she received her B.A. in 1948. She was the first Black woman at the University to be elected to the Alpha of Iowa Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, the oldest and most prestigious undergraduate honors organization in the United States. However, Walls was most known for being one of five Black women to officially desegregate university dormitories.
In 1946, during an era plagued by the Jim Crow laws, Esther Walls, Virginia Harper, Leanna Howard, Gwen Davis and Nancy Henry, all Black women, protested against the segregated housing at the University of Iowa. “It seemed to be something so normal that should’ve happened. I had a right to be in Currier Hall. Why not?” Walls shared. “I was the valedictorian of my high school class, and I was from the state of Iowa.” Ironically, Walls was excluded from and had to fight to live in a building that was named after a university librarian, yet, she became a librarian herself that did remarkable things for her community and people. None of the women allowed the values and “norms” of the time to deter her from achieving greatness.
After Walls and the other four women succeeded in desegrating housing at UI, years later another instance of discrimination arose. Martha Scales-Zachary and Betty Jean Furgerson, Black women living in Currier Hall, had to switch residences when students’ parents objected to desegregated living quarters. During that same school year, a policy was implemented where no out-of-state student could reside in Currier, only Iowa residents, which applied to Black women and not Black men. Sadly, there is not any information we could find regarding how Black men made an effort to get to live on campus but we will continue digging to uncover hidden stories.
After graduation, Esther Walls obtained employment at the Mason City Public Library then headed to attend Columbia University, receiving an M.S. in Library Science in 1951. Walls began working for the New York Public Library in 1950, carrying out various professional assignments: including serving as director of the North Manhattan Library Project and as head of the Countee Cullen Regional Library. Her reign at the Countee Cullen Library, “was the thing that really opened up all kinds of horizons for me and made me understand in depth, what the Black experience was all about,” she describes.
In a speech for the New York College Department of Library Education-Geneseo, about her work with youth, Walls explains how her focus on interactions with teens, and her open approach, made a lasting impact on them. Walls was persistent about leaving a positive influence on the patrons she served, and challenged the community as well. In her speech, “Experiences as a Young Adult Librarian,” Walls reflects on her earliest lessons learned as a librarian, one being: one has to be knowledgeable in all aspects of their job. She was not only knowledgeable of her library plus the Schomburg Collection that was connected but also of what her patrons valued, cared about, and needed to succeed and thrive in their neighborhoods. She was able to stimulate the Harlem community by bringing people such as Malcolm X in for weekly lectures, Langston Hughes to do poetry reading and Michael Olatunji to come and play his drums for teen programs. Within the interview she expresses her compassion for meeting these prominent figures in the restaurants of Harlem during the 1960’s:
“What intrigued me no end was meeting all these people that I, either meeting and getting to know some of these outstanding Blacks in the community at that time….So then for me it was an opportunity to meet all of these people, if not to get to know well, at least to be in the presence of all these people that we had read about in the newspapers and who were really making waves and making headlines, and I found that quite exciting.”
Walls believed that the best way to be connected to those she served, was to recommend books that they would enjoy. Accomplishing this task took getting to know her patrons, spending time asking them questions to fully understand their position in, and perspective on, the world. Additionally, this meant reading materials young adults gravitated towards. Walls attests that she “read as many books on dating, hotrods (cars) and space travel, as she could.” This is a speech that provides the audience with qualities and tools to be successful when working with young adults.
With few other Black people in Mason City, besides her skin color, Walls did not have anything that identified herself as part of the Black community. It was not until an interaction with a library patron at one of her first programs that said, “are you Esther Walls? We’re so glad and we’re so glad you’re Black.” Although, only mentioning it briefly, Walls’ discussion of her situation moved me. Myself, being a Black man from Chicago, a city with a large Black population, hearing that sentiment touched my heart. Black people living in small, rural parts of America, do not experience life the same way that as ones from the intercity and vice versa. However, a medium such as books connects those people from different backgrounds because, even though we are not walking down the same path, we are walking in the same shoes. Learning about Esther Walls’s legacy, opens up dialogues about the importance of having your own identity and community. Developing a sense of identity, whether through literature, art or cinema, no matter where you reside geographically is crucial for connecting with those that look like you.
The Esther J. Walls papers are one of the few collections that is fully digitized onto the Iowa Digital Library (IDL). You are able to explore everything that you could see in our reading room! A useful tool to have open when diving into Esther Walls’ material on IDL, is her finding aid, which you can also find online, on ArchiveSpace at the University of Iowa.
Esther J. Walls interview, October, 1986 https://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/islandora/object/ui%3Aaawiowa_3991
Esther J. Walls papers, Iowa Women’s Archives, The University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City. http://aspace.lib.uiowa.edu/repositories/4/resources/2406
Franklin, V. P., & Savage, C. J. (2004). Maintaining a Home for Girls. In Cultural capital and black education African American communities and the funding of black schooling, 1865 to the present (p. 133). Greenwich, CT: IAP, Information Age publication
Jensen, C. (2015, October 19). Iowawomensarchives: EstherWalls-librarian and… Retrieved May 22, 2020, from https://womenoflibraryhistory.tumblr.com/post/131488735229/iowawomensarchives-estherwallslibrarian-and
This post by IWA Graduate Research Assistant Heather Cooper is the fifth installment in our series highlighting African American history in the Iowa Women’s Archives collections. The series ran weekly during Black History Month, and will continue monthly for the remainder of 2020.
Over the past few months, social media has been filled with people bemoaning the temporary loss of their favorite salon or barbershop and the need to improvise at home for their hair care needs. More broadly, the crisis over Covid-19 has been a reminder of how important local businesses and services are in our daily lives and how much they contribute to our sense of community. This is a good moment to remember and celebrate the history of African American entrepreneurship in Iowa by highlighting the career of Pauline Robinson Brown Humphrey, who might fairly be called the Madame C. J. Walker of Iowa. A life-long resident of Des Moines, Pauline Humphrey opened the first beauty shop for African Americans in Iowa in 1935 and went on to establish the Crescent School of Beauty Culture in 1939. For many years these enterprises operated in the Center Street neighborhood, a thriving black business district in Des Moines.
An oral history with Pauline Humphrey’s daughter Barbara James in the Iowa Women’s Archives recalls the strong example she set for her daughter as a “career woman.” The interview was conducted as part of the Iowa Women’s Archives’ African American Women in Iowa Project in the 1990s.
Denied entrance to cosmetology programs in Iowa on account of her race, Pauline Humphrey traveled to Chicago with her young daughter in order to attend Madame C. J. Walker’s cosmetology school in 1934. There, she worked long hours to study both theory and practice and master how to care for the beauty needs of African American women. When the family returned to Des Moines in 1936, Humphrey passed the State Board of Examination to become a licensed cosmetologist and opened her first beauty shop.
But Humphrey wasn’t satisfied to simply provide services; she wanted to help create opportunities for others to become independent and self-sufficient and she saw a need for a beauty school in Iowa that would accept African American students. Humphrey commuted to Fort Dodge in order to gain certification and become licensed to teach and, in 1939, she opened the Crescent School of Beauty Culture in Des Moines. The school’s motto was “Aim High and Hold Your Aim.”
Around 30 students enrolled at Crescent each semester and trained in all the typical procedures found in African American beauty parlors at the time: “marceling, straightening, bleaching and tinting, permanents, pressing and styling, facials, manicures and pedicures, and cutting and conditioning.” Students learned by doing, offering discounted services for men and women at the beauty shop, as well as making monthly visits to local hospitals where they offered beauty care to patients free of charge. Humphrey sought to increase the availability of black beauty services in Iowa by recruiting students from underserved areas and then sending graduates back home to provide for their own communities. Reflecting on her grandmother’s life work, Julie James wrote that Pauline Humphrey “not only educated students, but did untold service to her community.” Furthermore, the Crescent Beauty School “was a stepping stone for many men and women to gain economic independence” as cosmetologists, stylists, and cosmetology instructors. Humphrey was an advocate for her students, her graduates, and the profession. She went on to lease a chain of beauty shops in the state and start her
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ığına bağlıdır. Uygulama hızı 0.15 Hzin üzerine çıkarıldığında alınan yanıt nispeten azalır ve daha düşük bir düzeyde kalır. Bu nedenle genellikle 0.1 Hz frekans tercih edilmektedir. 1 Hz sıklıktaki uyarı, supramaksimal uyarı eşiğini tespit etme süresini kısalttığından anestezi indüksiyonu sırasında kullanılmaktadır. Nöromusküler bloğun başlaması ve süresi uygulanan uyarının şekli ve süresine bağlı olduğundan 1 Hz sıklıkla uygulanan tekli uyarılara alınan yanıtlar 0.1 Hz sıklıktaki tekli uyarılara ya da TOF uyarıya alınan yanıtlarla karşılaştırılmamalıdır.
Train-of-Four Stimulation (TOF)
1970lerin başlarında Ali ve ark tarafından tanımlanan TOF sinir stimülasyonunda 0.5 sn aralıklar ile (2 Hz) dört supramaksimal uyarı uygulanır (Şekil 2). Sürekli kullanıldığında dörtlü uyarı dizileri her 10 ya da 12 saniyede bir yinelenir. Dizideki her bir uyarı kas kontraksiyonu oluşturur ve birbirini izleyen kas yanıtlarındaki sönme değerlendirmenin temelini oluşturur. Son uyarıya alınan kas yanıtının ilk uyarıya alınan kas yanıtına oranı TOF oranı olarak adlandırılır ve sönmenin miktarını gösterir. Normalde kas gevşetici yapılmadan önce uygulanan TOF stimülasyonuna alınan dört yanıt da aynıdır. Bu durumda TOF oranı 1.0dir. Bir parsiyel nondepolarizan blok sırasında oran, bloğun derecesi ile ters orantılı olarak azalır (sönme oluşur). Parsiyel blok sırasında ise sönme yoktur ve ideal bir ölçümde TOF oranı 1.0dir. Süksinilkolin enjeksiyonundan sonra TOF yanıtında sönme oluşması faz II blok gelişimini işaret eder.
TOF stimülasyonunun preoperatif dönemde yeri olmamasına karşın TOF yanıtından bloğun derecesi doğrudan değerlendirilebileceğinden nondepolarizan blok sırasında TOF stimülasyonu büyük bir avantaj sağlar (Tablo-1). Ayrıca daha az ağrılı olması, nöromusküler bloğun derecesini genellikle etkilememesi ile tetanik stimülasyona üstünlüğü bulunmaktadır.
Tetanik stimülasyon
Tetanik stimülasyon, çok hızlı bir şekilde yineleyen (30,50 veya 100 Hz) elektriksel stimülasyonlardan oluşur. En sık kullanılan şekil, 5 sn süreyle 50 Hz sıklıkla uygulanan şekildir. 1 sn süreyle 50, 100 veya 200 Hz stimülasyon öneren yazarlar da bulunmaktadır. Nöromusküler iletim normal olduğunda veya pür depolarizan blok sırasında 5 sn süreli 50 Hz tetanik stimülasyona kas yanıtı süreklidir. Bir nondepolarizan blok sırasında veya süksinilkolinden sonra gelişen faz II blok sırasında kas yanıtında sönme oluşur. (Şekil-3).
Kas yanıtındaki bu sönmenin presinaptik bir olay olduğu düşünülmektedir. Tetanik stimülasyonun başlangıcında sinir sonundaki hazır depolardan büyük miktarda Ach salınır. Bu depolar tükendiğinde Ach sentezi ve salıverilmesi arasında denge oluşana dek Ach salıverilme hızı azalır. Ancak dengelenme oluşmasına karşın Ach salınımı hala bir yanıt oluşturmak için gerekli olandan daha fazla olmayı sürdürdüğünden 50 Hz.lik tetanik stimülasyona karşın kas yanıtı sürdürülür. Postsinaptik membranın emniyet marjı bir nondepolarizan bloker ajan ile azaltıldığında ACh salınımındaki azalma tetanik stimülasyona giderek daha az kas yanıtı verilmesini (sönme) önleyemez17. Nöromusküler blokerler, postsinaptik reseptörler üzerindeki etkilerinin ötesinde sinir sonunda Ach mobilizasyonunu da bozabilmektedirler. Bu etki de tetanik stimülasyon ve TOF stimülasyona alınan yanıttaki sönmeye katkıda bulunmaktadır. Sönmenin derecesi öncelikle nöromusküler bloğun derecesine bağlıdır. Ayrıca uygulanan stimülasyonun frekansı (Hz) ve uzunluğu (sn) ile tetanik stimulusların uygulama sıklığı da sönmenin derecesini etkiler.
Parsiyel bir nondepolarizan blok sırasında tetanik sinir stimülasyonu sonrasında alınan kas yanıtında giderek artış oluşur (postetanik güçlenme, postetanik facilitation-PTF). Tetanik stimülasyon süresince Ach mobilizasyonu ve sentezinde oluşan artış, tetanik stimülasyon sonlandırıldıktan sonra da bir süre devam ederek bu artışa neden olur. PTFnin derecesi ve süresi nöromusküler bloğun derecesine bağlı olup genellikle tetanik stimülasyonu izleyen 60 sn içinde kaybolur. Parsiyel nondepolarizan nöromusküler blok sırasında PTF, elektromiyografik (EMG) ve mekanik kayıtlarda da tespit edilebilir. Aksine posttetanik twitch potentiation (herhangi bir nöromusküler bloker verilmeden önce mekanik kayıtlarda bazan görülebilir) bir musküler fenomen olup kas aksiyon potansiyelinde artışla birlikte değildir.
Tetanik stimülasyonun bazı dezavantajları bulunmaktadır. Oldukça ağrılıdır ve anestezi uygulanmamış pek çok hastada tolere edilmesi mümkün olmaz. Ayrıca nöromusküler derlenmenin geç dönemlerinde uyarılan kasta nöromusküler derlenmeyi geciktirebilir.
Klasik olarak tetanik stimülasyon residüel nöromusküler bloğun değerlendirilmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Ancak postetanik count tekniği ile kombine edilerek anestezi uygulaması süresince de kullanılabilmektedir.
Sinir stimülasyonuna alınan yanıtların kaydedilmesi durumunda TOF stimülasyonu ile istenilen tüm bilginin alınması mümkün olur. Aksine yalnızca dokunma (taktil) ya da gözle yanıtlar değerlendiriliyorsa deneyimli gözlemcilerin bile residüel nöromusküler bloğu dışlamaları tetanik stimülasyon ile dahi mümkün olmayabilir.
Posttetanik Count Stimülasyon
Trakeal intübasyon için yeterli dozda nondepolarizan nöromusküler bloker uygulanan hastalarda periferik kaslarda yoğun bir nöromusküler blok gelişir. TOF ve tekli uyarıya bu koşullarda yanıt alınamayacağından bloğun derecesinin değerlendirilmesinde bu iki modun kullanılması mümkün olmaz. Buna karşılık 5 sn süreyle 50 Hz.lik tetanik stimülasyondan 3 sn sonra başlamak üzere 1 Hz sıklıkla uygulanan tekli uyarılara alınan yanıt sayısı (posttetanik yanıt) yoğun nöromusküler bloğun değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabilmektedir (Şekil-4). Çok yoğun nöromusküler blok sırasında hem tetanik hem de postetanik stimülasyona hiç yanıt yoktur. Örneğin 0.1 mg/kg panküronyum enjeksiyonundan sonra TOFa yanıt alınmasından 37 dk önce postetanik twitch stimülasyona ilk yanıt alınmaktadır. Atrakuryum (0.5 mg/kg) ve veküronyum için (0.1 mg/kg) bu süre 7-8 dk kadardır. Bloğun yoğunluğu azaldıkça postetanik tekli uyarıya giderek daha fazla yanıt alınmaya başlar. Bu yanıtların sayısından hareket ile TOF stimülasyonuna ilk yanıtın ne zaman alınacağı hakkında fikir sahibi olunabilir.
Bu yöntemin başlıca uygulama alanı, tekli uyarıya ya da TOF stimülasyonuna yanıt alınamayan yüksek doz nondepolarizan nöromusküler bloker uygulamalarıdır. Ancak ani kımıldanmaların istenmediği operasyonlarda da (oftalmik cerrahi) PTC kullanılabilir. Diyafram paralizisini garantileyecek düzeyde addüktör pollicis kasının blok düzeyi anestezi tipine, sedasyon düzeyine ve hastanın yoğun bakımda olup olmamasına bağlıdır. Trakeobronşiyal uyarıya ıkınma veya öksürük oluşmaması için postetanik uyarıya hiç yanıt alınamayacak kadar yoğun bir nöromusküler blok düzeyi tercih edilmelidir.
PTC uyarımına alınan yanıt, nöromusküler bloğun derecesine, tetanik uyarımın frekansı ve süresine, tetanik uyarımın sonlanması ile postetanik uyarımın başlaması arasında geçen süreye, tetanik stimülasyon öncesinde uygulanmakta olan tekli uyarının frekansı ve süresine bağlıdır. Tetanik stimülasyonun 6 dk.dan daha sık aralıklar ile yinelenmesi durumunda ölçüm için kullanılan kaslarda nöromusküler blok sonlanmış olarak değerlendirileceğinden vücut hala paralitik kalmaya devam edecektir.
Double-burst stimülasyon
Çift patlamalı uyarım (Double-burst stimülasyon-DBS), klinik koşullarda residüel nöromusküler bloğun manuel (taktil) değerlendirilmesine olanak sağlamak amacıyla geliştirilmiştir. Nöromusküler bloğun değerlendirilmesi sırasında artık bloğun derecesi, TOF stimülasyonuna alınan yanıtların kaydedilmesi ile değerlendirilebilir Ancak kayıt olanağı olmadığında TOF yanıtlarının gözle ya da elle değerlendirilmesi artık nöromusküler blok varlığını dışlamakta yeterli olmaz. DBS ile yanıttaki sönmeyi hissetmek ise daha kolay olur.
DBS, birbirinden 750 msn ile ayrılmış 50 Hz.lik iki kısa tetanik stimülasyondan oluşur. Her bir tetanik stimülasyon kümesi kare dalga şekli oluşturur ve 0.2 msn sürer (Şekil-5). Her bir kümedeki impuls sayısı değiştirilebilirse (DBS3,2 ve DBS4,3) de üçer impulstan oluşan tetanik st kümelerinin (DBS3,3
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the same medicine!
I did this job until I left school. On the last morning, I said to the doctor, " This is my last run, as I am leaving school". He gave me half a crown (now equal to twelve and a half pence). A few years later, when I was taking a group of children to Sunday School, he came by in his car. He got out, wanted to know how I was, shook my hand and wished me well.
The Hickman family from Turnip End lived about 500 yards down a woody stony lane. The house had no electricity or gas. In the winter of 1947 I was detailed to go and sleep there. It was so cold that it froze the hot water bottle. I always had to get up very early to break the ice and feed the chickens and rabbits, before running home for breakfast and then on to school.
Mr Redrup, who lived at the bottom of the village was to me a little old man, bent double, who used two walking sticks. He used to tell me stories of the First World War, when he was detailed to go and find German snipers. He said how difficult it was to hit a man a mile away. I found him very interesting, as he had a number 3 garden gun, which he let me use to take pot shots. He also had a lovely apple tree in the corner of his garden, where the school is now. A lot of boys went scrumping there.
My grandparents lived in Portobello Row, near cottage number 4, where I used to deliver medicine. A few years later, when I was 20, I was also sent there to sleep. My grandmother was very ill, and if needed, I could run to the public telephone. The back room of that cottage was another place where my hot water bottle froze.
I enjoyed my schooldays during the war. Another job which some of us boys had was to go potato picking for any farmer who wanted us. We had a permit from the school for this. We were allowed 20 half days per year off. The only farmer brave enough to employ us was Mr Reg Tilbury, who lived at Parslows Hillock (down the lane from the Pink and Lily) We boys would cycle from Lacey Green to the farm, and had a very enjoyable afternoon away from school.
Another job, which I was landed with during school holidays in wartime, was to cycle to Hampden Woods, where the chair bodgers had turned thousands of chair legs over the years. My oldest brother and I would have to work one end of a cross cut saw, while a man was at the other end. This was hard work, which I did not enjoy very much. My brother, being older and stronger than me, was allowed to hold the handle of the saw, while I was a yard away, pulling on the end of a rope. 02.03.10
My father, Reg Tilbury, was born in 1898, and lived down Lily Bottom Lane on the right. The land here is owned by the Princes Risborough Charities, and is known as Parish Poor's Land. It was given to the parish by the Marquis of Ely to allow people in Lacey Green to rent a one acre strip or plot on which to grow food for themselves, or cereals to feed to pigs or chickens.
The rents were collected at Michaelmas, and distributed to the poor of the parish who had children, especially widows with children. Each home would be given one cwt. (hundredweight) of coal to keep them warm over Christmas.
As a boy, Reg spent most of his summer holidays stone picking on that land. He was paid one pence per basket. The stones were emptied at the end of the field, and later loaded onto a horse and cart and taken to Cuddington for road building.
The money he earned was just enough to pay for a pair of new boots, which would have to last him a whole year, until the next summer. His father would walk him to a cobbler, who lived at Spring Coppice Lane in Speen on a Saturday night. To obtain the correct fit, he would stand on a piece of leather, and the cobbler would draw around his foot with a pencil, making an allowance for growth. They would return the next Saturday night to collect the new boots. 02.03.10
In September 1961 I married John West, who had been born and now worked with his father at Stocken farm in Lacey Green. We moved into no.1 Coronation Cottages, one of a pair of houses in Kiln Lane built for the farm workers by the landlord in 1937 - hence the name. I've no doubt it was modern for it's day. For instance, it had a bathroom. Mains water had only come to the village in 1934. There was a sink in the kitchen and a cesspool in the garden to take the waste. The main drains were not laid in the village until about 1970, so every house had to call in the cesspool emptying lorry from time to time.
In the front door, stairs up straight ahead, beside a short passage through to the kitchen and on the right a small sitting room and a living room. The kitchen was not big. Narrow with, on one side, a copper boiler to heat the water which had a fire underneath. Next, a sink and wooden draining board and an electric cooker. There was a cupboard under the sink and that was it.
Cooking must have been prepared in the living room, for there was a walk-in larder in there and room for a small table and chairs. A fireplace with a built in cupboard floor to ceiling beside it and room for some easy chairs. The bathroom and three bedrooms upstairs. The paintwork had not been changed much since it was built. All the woodwork was still the original, then fashionable, matt brown. The green painted walls had been livened up in places with a pink potato-cut pattern, or was it the other way round? Anyway we papered over it.
We took out the old fireplace in the living room and replaced it with a new one with a back-boiler to heat the water. This let us knock out the big copper boiler with its fire from the kitchen. We had been given a dated washing machine which just fitted in the space and put a worktop over it joining up with a new stainless steel sink and drainer and an up to date electric cooker. It was like a mini galley. There was no garage but that didn't matter because we didn't have a car.
I had worked full time in my father's business. Now I was a full time housewife and I had a lot to learn. John started work at 6am and came back at 8am for twenty minutes for a cooked breakfast. The main meal was at 12 o'clock when the farm stopped for lunch for an hour. Five o'clock brought John home for a quick, full, old-fashioned tea, or if anyone was working in the fields a picnic tea was taken to them. Supper, usually something hot, was eaten around 9pm. This gave me plenty of opportunity to practice my culinary skills which were very basic at first but increased rapidly - they needed to. I enjoyed needlework and changed from dressmaking to curtains and upholstery.
All that cooking needed ingredients but getting them was not difficult. The fish-man, Mr. Harper called on Tuesdays, so fish and chips was supper on Tuesdays. A butcher called twice a week from Stevens in Prestwood. I can't remember the man's name but he was very saucy. I had the time to cook the cheaper cuts that needed long slow cooking but asking him for a piece of skirt or a breast of lamb took a lot of bravery. Then there were Bert and May Dell at Hickman's Stores. They stocked all I needed and I collected my bread from them four times a week. They also sold petrol and paraffin which we needed for a convector heater that we stood in our hall in the winter. " Bert's" was a wonderful place to get to know people. At first it seemed that everyone in there knew everybody else. And they probably did. But Bert and May always had a word for everyone and all were included. They were first class village shopkeepers to my mind and a great help to me in feeling at home here.
The farm was just behind our house across the field. The cows were taken past the side of our garden into Kiln Lane, down as far as the cross tracks and left into a field, called Hillocks, to graze. Then they were brought back again at milking time. That was a daily occurrence, but less often cattle and the flock of sheep were driven around the village or along to Walters Ash on the New Road. There was not so much traffic then.
It was not unusual for the village to be cut off with snow in the winter. Gerald Bedford who worked at the farm lived in Naphill. He would go home on a tractor and in the morning clear stuck cars from the New Road on his way back. The snow would blow against the fences and hedges and drop the other side blocking the roads. Then the council took to erecting snow barriers some way in the fields so the snow dropped over them and thus it piled up in the fields. Side roads such as Slad Lane however could be filled to the top. It is already some years ago that the council no longer deemed it necessary to put up those snow barriers.
The bus from Wycombe only ever came as far as the RAF camp at Walters Ash. That was the Lacey Green stop. In snowy weather a snow plough cleared to there, turning and throwing a bank of extra snow across New Road just to make sure we were inaccessible.
The village was pretty self sufficient. The Stores, of course, and along at Loosley Row opposite the Whip was the Post Office. The district nurse, who delivered the babies, lived in Greenlands and a doctor held a weekly surgery in Bill and Phyllis Dell's house. The policeman lived in a house on the Main Road. There was a road sweeper, "Wido" Bowler, to keep it nice, scything the grass verges as well. If he got a little weary he would sit in his barrow and take a nap.
In 1961 Joyce Delnevo was just getting her baby Louise to walk to the village shop. Our daughters and Louise became good friends. Joyce was a great help to me and someone I could always turn to.
Many village schools were being closed down at that time but Lacey Green was chosen to stay. If it had closed Lacey green would be a very different place. As it was, our children made close friendships there and I met many more people.
In 1969 our son Richard was born. John's mother was not in good health and they built a bungalow for her and Dick. In January 1970 we moved to the farmhouse. I couldn't have had a better start in Lacey Green.
Members of the History Group can remember what the villages were like and how the land was used in the 1950s, when they were at school..
There were far less houses. Most of them were cottages with a reasonable sized garden, where vegetables could be grown. Some people kept a few chickens, but the Victorian practice of keeping a pig at the end of the garden had ceased. Most of the cottages were still occupied by village families.
There were also a few larger houses with wealthy incomers, who employed a gardener, e.g. Lane Farm was occupied by the Wathens, and later the Abel Smiths and the Jordans, owners of Parker Knoll, lived at Gracefield. Rumer Godden, the novelist, was living in White House Farm, but it was no longer farmed.
A few, mainly spinster ladies, had lovely flower gardens. Miss Fagge lived at Bullabura (now Apple Acre) around Slad Lane, Miss Fletcher at Vine Cottage, and the Miss Samsons at Malsmead in Kiln Lane.
There were still a number of farms, the largest of which was Stocken Farm, owned by Dick West. The Batemans were at Grimsdyke, and their farm manager was Charlie Green, the Inns were at Promised Land, the Hawes at Woodbine Farm, and Harry Floyd at Floyds Farm. Windmill Farm belonged to the Smiths, and Kingswood Farm to Alan Armitage. Collins Farm (which belonged to the Garners) and College Farms were in Loosley Row. Along Pink Road was Widmer Farm, and there were three small farms at Parslows Hillock, Lillybottom Farm, Lillybank Farm, and one run by the Tilbury family. These were all general farms where a variety of animals and arable were cultivated. Only the odd person could afford to keep a pony for their children, and there were still a few working horses.
The Turneys had a smallholding on the Parish Poors land on Pink Road.
The Olivers also had a smallholding - Tor Cottage (now Trillium) in Church Lane; They had previously farmed Sunny Bank Farm, which has been renamed White House Farm. They had mainly chickens.
There were allotments at the bottom of the Bitfield (now Westlands). In earlier years there had been a number of orchards in the village, growing mainly apples and cherries. Some of these remained, at Sunny Bank and Hetts Loo (now Hetts Orchard), at Woodfield and at the Andersons Farm at Darvills Hill.
The only place for outdoor recreation was the Sports Field, which was also used for fetes and other festivities like the Coronation in 1953. Indoor entertainments were in the Village Hall or the Methodist Chapel room. There was no play ground. Children played in the fields and footpaths, and in the woods at Smalldean and Hampden.
There were no longer any woods in the villages. These had been cleared for chairmaking by the end of the 19th Century..
Thames Valley buses had just started running into the village, but already a number of people had cars, and this was leading to the decline of the small shops.
New houses were being built. There was a row of houses opposite Stocken Farm, on land which had been made into allotments during the First World War. The factory had replaced the tennis court built by the Rev. Robson between Main Road and Church Lane (now Hambye Close). The council houses (now known as Greenlands) were built. The windmill was no longer used, and was falling down. There was still a teacher's house and a policeman's house. There were caravans on some scrub land to the right of the crossroads on Kiln Lane.
Mains water and electricity had arrived, allowing farmers to keep animals, and their manure was being used to improve the fields. The clay soil was also broken down by burning, and stubble fields were often burned - a practice which is illegal now. There were still a few ponds in the village, but most of these have now gone. The area was not suitable for large arable production, and so most of the hedges were spared, although many were destroyed in other parts of the country.
Women mostly stayed at home looking after their families, and some foodstuffs were still rationed, so there was an emphasis on preserving all that could be gleaned from the fields and hedgerows like blackberries, mushrooms and rose hips. Home made wines were made from dandelions, elderberries, a and even cowslips. Rabbits, pigeons and nuts were eaten. There were a great deal more semi wild places. Pesticides and herbicides were not widely used.
Looking back, it seems an idyllic life for us as children, but things were beginning to change. There were no jobs for youngsters leaving school, and they had to leave their homes to make a living. The villages were soon to become pretty places mainly inhabited by commuters.
Phyllis was born in 1944 and she spent all her childhood with her parents at "Homefield", Westlands Road. During the war, as with everyone else's, their home was very full. She had two brothers, but besides the family a woman with two children from London, whose home had been bombed, lived in the upstairs bedroom. With no home to go to they stayed on after the war had ended.
Sleeping in the scullery were two Irish navvies who were working at Bomber Command.
Causing Mrs.Janes the most problem were three Land Army Girls. They had the downstairs room. They also, stayed on for some years after the war ended. Once a week it was Phyllis's job to work the pump in the scullery
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。 虽然被证实患有这种大肠杆菌菌株的人数相对较少，只有16人，但真实的数字很可能要高得多，而且这些人可能症状较轻，不需要住院治疗，因此没有包括在数据中。确诊的病例跨越五个州：华盛顿州、俄克拉荷马州、阿肯色州、弗吉尼亚州和纽约州都有患者被确认。 “患者的年龄从10岁到95岁不等，中位年龄为31岁，88%为女性。在有资料的12人中，有9人曾住院治疗。在11名有资料的人中，有3人出现了一种叫做溶血性尿毒综合症(HUS)的肾衰竭。华盛顿州有1人死亡的报告，”CDC写道。“州和地方公共卫生官员正在采访人们，以了解他们在生病前一周内吃了什么食物。” 大肠杆菌感染的症状包括发烧、腹胀、呕吐，甚至血性腹泻。CDC还提供了以下食品安全提示，以帮助民众预防大肠杆菌感染。Eleştirel düşünme, bir bir bilginin tarafsız, gerçekçi ve etkin bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi ile alakalı beceriler bütünüdür. Günlük hayatımızda her ne kadar inkar etsek de doğamız gereği öznel yargılar yapabiliyoruz. Eleştirel düşünmede amaç bir veriyi değerlendirirken bu öznel/taraflı yargılardan kurtulabilmektir.
Eleştirel düşünmenin temeli argümanlardır. Değerlendirme bir argüman ve bu argümanın önermeleri, destekleyicileri, itirazları, çürütmeleri üzerinden yapılır. Argüman haritaları ise bu öğelerin görselleştirilmiş halidir.
Argüman haritalarını görsel olarak hiyerarşi haritaları olarak düşünebilirsiniz.
Temel hedef argümanın tüm öğelerini tarafsız ve safsatadan uzak bir şekilde resmedebilmektir.
Argüman.org'un amacı ise argümanların birden çok kullanıcı tarafından tarafsız bir şekilde haritalanabilmesidir.
Arguman.org açık kaynak bir proje olup topluluk tarafından geliştirilmektedir. Eğer siz de bir şeyler yapmak isterseniz aşağıdaki github adresini inceleyebilirsiniz.
Eğer siz de bir şeyler yapmak isterseniz github organizasyonunu takip edebilir, ya da bize bir email atabilirsiniz.
Üniversitelerin münazara ve eleştirel düşünme kulüpleriyle iletişimda kalmaya çalışıyoruz. Eğer bizimle konuşmak isterseniz [email protected] adresine yazabilirsiniz.Maddelerin genleşme veya büzüşme miktarı madenin ilk hacmine, cinsine (genleşme katsayısına) ve sıcaklık değişimine bağlıdır ve bunlarla doğru orantılıdır. Genleşme katsayısı büyük olan maddeler ısıtılınca çok genleşir, soğutulunca da çok büzüşür. Genleşmenin ve büzüşmenin etkilerini günlük hayatımızda sık sık görürüz. Elektrik tellerinin yazın sarkması, tren raylarının yazın uzaması, kaynayan suyun çaydanlıktan taşması genleşme olaylarına örnektir.
- Isı alarak sıcaklığı artan maddelerin boyutlarında meydana gelen artışa genleşme denir.
- Isı vererek sıcaklığı azalan maddelerin boyutlarında meydana azalmaya değişime büzülme denir.
- Bir maddenin genleşme miktarı, maddenin ilk boyutuna, türüne ve sıcaklık farkına bağlıdır.
- Bir maddenin sıcaklığının 1 °C artırılması durumunda maddenin birim hacminde meydana gelen genleşme miktarına o maddenin genleşme katsayısı denir.
- Genleşme katsayısı katı ve sıvılar için ayırt edici özelliktir; gazlar için ayırt edici özellik değildir.
- Genleşme katsayısının birimi 1/°C dir.
- Genleşme ve büzülme hem katı, hem sıvı, hem de gazlar için geçerli olan bir özelliktir.
- Genleşme ve büzülme katılarda boyca, yüzeyce ve hacimce olurken, sıvı ve gazlarda ise hacimce olur.
- Isı alan maddenin titreşim enerjisi artar. Bu nedenle tanecikler arasındaki uzaklık artar ve genleşme gerçekleşir.
- Isı kaybeden maddenin titreşim enerjisi azalır. Bu nedenle tanecikler arasındaki uzaklık azalır ve büzülme gerçekleşir.
- Sıcaklarda tren raylarının şeklinin bozulması, elektrik tellerinin kışın gergin yazın sarkık olması, genleşmenin sonuçlarıdır.
Önemli Bilgi: Genleşme ya da büzülme olaylarında maddenin kütlesi değişmez. Yalnızca tanecikler arasındaki uzaklık değişir.
Örnek:
l. Genleşme ısı alınarak, büzülme ısı verilerek gerçekleşir.
II. Büzülen cisimlerin kütlesi azalır.
III. Genleşme yalnızca laboratuvar ortamında gözlenebilen bir olaydır.
yargılarından hangileri doğrudur?
Çözüm: Isı alan ya da veren maddelerde üç değişiklik olur. Bunlar; sıcaklık artışı, hâl ve boyut değişimidir. Boyut değişimi olan genleşme olayı ısı alındığına, büzülme ise ısı verildiğinde gerçekleşir. l yargısı doğrudur.
Isı vererek büzülen maddelerin yalnızca hacmi küçülür. Madde kaybı olmaz. II yargısı yanlıştır.
Elektrik tellerinin yaz aylarında sarkması, ısıtılan kavanoz kapağının kolayca açılması gibi olaylar, genleşmenin günlük hayatta da sıkça karşılaştığımız bir olay olduğunu gösterir yargısı yanlıştır.By Michael Warnken | CalWatchdog
SACRAMENTO — This issue of Splitting California into two or more states has come into the greater public eye once again. This matter is dredged up every few years by a different group of Californians who are not happy with current arrangements. A recent proponent was Riverside County Supervisor Jeff Stone.
However often the issue of splitting the state has been brought up, the actual splitting has never occurred. This leaves the question for many of us: How does a state get split? The further question that needs to be asked and answered is: What needs to occur in order to actually cause a State to split?
The process of splitting a state is codified in Article IV Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution:
“New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.”
The state splitting process generally begins when a state’s legislature first votes to split the state. Once the measure passes both chambers of that state, it is submitted to Congress. Once there, the matter is discussed. If both chambers of Congress vote to pass it, the state can then be split.
There seem to be two options on how a state can split. In the first instance, the state decides how it’s going to be split before sending the proposal to Congress.
In the other instance, the state does not decide how to split itself before the bill is sent to Congress. Congress generally establishes a partition committee once the bill to split a state has been affirmed by Congress.دمای هوای کویر لوت برای اولین بار ثبت شد
گردآوری اولین رکورد کشوری داده های هواشناسی در کویر لوت استان خراسان جنوبی به عنوان یکی از گرم ترین نقاط جهان آغاز شد.
گزارش کردن گلو به گزارش ایرنا، مدیر پایگاه میراث جهانی کویر لوت روز یکشنبه گفت: نشست ثبت اولین رکورد دمای هوای کشور گرمترین نقطه کره زمین در کویر لوت استان خراسان جنوبی از صبح امروز پیش از طلوع آفتاب آغاز شد. تا فردا صبح ادامه خواهد داشت.»
زهرا رضایی ملکوتی در گفت و گو با خبرنگار ایرنا اظهار داشت: در مراسم بزرگداشت سالگرد ثبت جهانی کویر لوت (۷ تیرماه) برنامه ریزی شده است که ابتدا رکورد جهانی دمای هوا بسیار گرم باشد. گرم) روی زمین در کویر لوت در استان خراسان جنوبی.»
وی گفت: ۲۴ ساعت معمول این کار و هر ساعت در صحرای لوت مشخص می شود.
کارشناس ثبت میراث طبیعی اداره کل فرهنگ، گردشگری و صنایع دستی خراسان جنوبی ادامه داد: برای ثبت این رکورد، جمعی از پژوهشگران دانشگاه ها و نهادهای علمی کشور با همکاری وزارت فرهنگ، جامعه و صنایع دستی، سایت میراث جهانی کویر لوت و اداره کل «هدایا شامل میراث، گردشگری و صنایع دستی خراسان جنوبی خواهد بود».
وی گفت: در این همایش دمای سطح زمین در کویر لوت گرمترین نقطه زمین به مدت ۲۴ ساعت اندازه گیری می شود و نتایج این همایش در آخر هف
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های دیگر بالاتر است.
از طرفی وقتی مسابقات گزینشی المپیک قاره آسیا در قرقیزستان که قرار بود 8 فرودین ماه برگزار شود لغو شده و هنوز تاریخ و مکان جدید تعیین نیست این سوال مطرح می شود چرا با وجود هشدار های جدی وزارت بهداشت و توصیه های مکرر پزشکان که از هر گونه تجمع باید جلوگیری شود فدراسیون کشتی اصرار به برگزاری اردو در این شرایط دارد؟
بر همین اساس و برای پاسخ برخی سوالات و دلایل برگزاری اردوی تیم های ملی کشتی از هفته آینده حسن رنگرز سخنگوی فدراسیون کشتی گفت: اولاً ما برای برگزاری این اردو از وزارت ورزش مجوز گرفتیم و دوماً اردو در شرایط کاملاً قرنطینه برگزار خواهد شد.
قهرمان جهان با بیان اینکه دستور العمل ویژه ای برای این اردو تدوین شده تاکید کرد: برای آغاز این اردو هماهنگی های لازم با فدراسیون پزشکی ورزشی اجرا شده تا کشتی گیران در صحت و سلامت کامل وارد اردو شوند و آزاد و فرنگی کاران تحت شرایط شدید نظارتی و قرنطینه در خانه کشتی تمرینات خود را دنبال خواهند کرد و به هیچ عنوان حق خروج از اردو را نخواهند داشت.
رنگرز با اشاره به اینکه تمام تلاش فدراسیون حفظ سلامت کشتی گیران است اعلام کرد: درست است که رقابتهای گزینشی المپیک در قاره آسیا لغو شده اما از آنجا که هیچ چیز هنوز تعیین نیست و ما زمان زیادی تا المپیک توکیو نداریم اگر آزاد و فرنگی کاران در این شرایط به شهرهای خود بروند به طور حتم امکانات لازم برای ادامه تمرین را نخواهند داشت، ضمن آنکه احتمال قرار دریافت در معرض ابتلا به ویروس کرونا هم شدیدتر خواهد بود به همین منظور این سرمایه ها با حمایت و نظارت فدراسیون کشتی در سلامت کامل تمرینات خود را در خانه کشتی دنبال خواهند کرد و امیدواریم با همدلی و اتحاد شاهد موفقیت کشتی در میادین پیش رو باشیم.
- لیگ برتر تا سرانجام اسفند تعطیل شد | آغاز دوباره لیگ های فوتبال
منبع: همشهری آنلاین
وبلاگ خرید: وبلاگ خرید | این سیستم پیشرفته وبلاگدهی برای فروشگاه های اینترنتی است造纸污泥脱水离心机发货
造纸工业废水主要为高浓度有机废水，并含有木质素、残碱、硫化物等污染物，主要有三个来源：制浆废液（俗称造纸黑液）、中段水、纸机白水。造纸废水中悬浮物高，不论采用哪种工艺进行处理，其过程都会产生许多的沉淀物质，这些沉淀物称为造纸污泥。
小型造纸厂，污泥总量较小，如有污泥堆放场地，可用自然风干的方式处理，中大型造纸厂每天产生的污泥量非常大，通常使用卧螺离心机将污泥脱水至含水率低于75%，可明显减小污泥体积，并便于运输及后续处置。
近日，河北某造纸厂采购一台LW400型两相卧螺离心机用于造纸污泥脱水，该造纸厂已先后在我公司购买多台同类设备，据客户多年使用反馈，设备经久耐用，自动化程度高，不怎么需要人工操作，比以前用压滤机方便了非常多，并且称我公司售后服务周到，偶有机械故障时，能很便捷的联系到售后人员提供技术支持，快速排除设备故障。
这台发往河北造纸厂的造纸污泥脱水离心机，是在当天傍晚下班时间发货的，因此小编没能及时拍摄到发货的照片，下图是设备到达造纸厂区内送货员发回的照片。Bulgaristan Parlamento Başkanı Georgi Pirinski, tatil beldesi Marmaris'te ve İstanbul'da onlarca Türk ve İngiliz vatandaşının yaralanmasına yol açan terör eylemleri ile ilgili olarak Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Başkanı Bülent Arınç ve Büyük Britanya Parlamentosu Belediyeler Meclisi Başkanı Michel Martin'e mektuplar gönderdi.
"Bulgaristan her zaman demokrasi ve çağdaş medeniyete karşı yönelik tüm terör biçimlerini şiddetle ve kesinlikle kınamaktadır. Türkiye'deki eylemler, dünyanın teröre karşı yürütülen mücadelede çabalarını daha da kararlı bir şekilde birleştirmesi gerektiğini ortaya koydu" diye belirtiliyor gönderilen mektuplarda.Kano Federasyonu Adana İl Temsilcisi Tolga Çelik, Sakarya'nın Sapanca ilçesinde yapılan Türkiye Kulüplerarası Durgun Su Kano Birinciliği'ne Adana'dan 3 kulüpten 20 sporcuyla katıldıklarını söyledi. Çelik, Akdeniz Oyunları'nın kano ve kürek branşlarının Adana'da yapıldığını, bundan dolayı hayli deneyim kazandıklarını, Seyhan Baraj Gölü'nü daha verimli kullandıklarını, milli takımlara yeni yetenekler kazandıracaklarını kaydetti.党的十九大报告高度重视法治建设，将法治视为新时代人民日益增长的美好生活需要的核心要素之一，将坚持全面依法治国作为新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的基本方略之一，强调全面依法治国是中国特色社会主义的本质要求和重要保障。中国特色社会主义制度最鲜明的特色之一，就是始终坚持党的领导、人民当家作主同依法治国的有机统一。{1}这表明法治的基本要求可以也应当与中国特色社会主义制度属性融会贯通。
作为与人治相对的法治，它的基本含义是指当事先制定的规则的意志、权威与统治者的意志、权威发生矛盾冲突的时候，统治者应当服从于规则。但如何实现统治者的意志服从于法律而不是凌驾于法律、统治者的权威尊重法律权威而不是高于法律权威，则需要一系列具体的办法，这就是法治的基本要求，或者称之为法治的基本要件、基本指标。对此，从亚里士多德的“二要素说”到戴雪的“三原则论”，从《德里宣言》提出的法治四条基本要求，到富勒、拉兹、菲尼斯各自有所不同的八条要求，西方法学家对法治基本要求的认识如今已基本定型。在当代中国，人们也大都认同法制完备、人民主权、人权保障、权力制约、法律平等、法律优先、依法行政、司法公正、程序正当、政党守法等法治基本要求。
制度属性是制度本身所固有的性质，既是制度中必然的、基本的、不可分离的特性，又是制度某些方面质的表现。制度属性中有本质属性和非本质属性的区别，只有抓住制度的本质属性才能准确把握住该制度的内核。{2}有学者认为，中国特色社会主义的制度属性包括中国特色社会主义的制度性质、制度发展水平、制度价值目标等内容。{3}从现实社会的发展实践看，制度属性并不单单是对社会性质的抽象判断，它同样要关注到制度架构的历史进程、发展阶段、利益归属、价值导向、制度逻辑等方面。{4}还有学者提出，政治制度属性分为价值属性和工具属性。{5}参考上述观点，本文把经济基础、价值目标、工具优势、领导核心等作为认识中国特色社会主义制度属性的几个重要方面，从而分析法治的一些基本要求与这几个方面的一致性。
一、法治的平等要
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مربوط به ماوراءالطبيعه مىشد.
پس از هلمهولتز، برنشتاين قادر شد که در سال ۱۸۶۶ تکانه عصبى را موج منفى (Wave of Negativity) بداند، که از عصب مىگذرد. او کشف کرد هنگامى که جريان عصبى از سطح عصب مىگذرد، اين سطح بار منفى الکتريکى نسبت به سطح قسمت قبلى و بعدى عصب پيدا مىکند. تا سال ۱۸۷۱ برنشتاين روشن کرده بود که تکانه عصبى عبارت از گسترش بار منفى درون عصب به بار مثبت بيرون از آن است. اين ديدگاه در سال ۱۹۰۲ با راهنمائى برنشتاين و کمک دستگاه جديداً اختراع شده الکترومترمويرگها (capillary Electrometer) منجر به پيدايش تئورى غشائى هدايت عصبى (The membrane Theory of Nerve conduction) شد، نظريهاى که موج منفى را بهعنوان موجى از دپولاريزاسيون الکتريکى (ElectricalDepolerization) توصيف مىکند. براين اساس نه فقط امکان اندازهگيرى سرعت جريان عصبى بلکه مدت پايدارى آن نيز پيدا شد. قدم بعدى را فيزيولوژيستها با کشف مرحله کمون (Refractory Phase) در عصب برداشتند، مرحلهاى که بلافاصله پس از گذشتن جريان، عصب براى مدت کوتاهى غيرقابل تحريک مىشود و در اين مدت آماده تحريکپذيرى مىگردد. در سال ۱۸۷۴ کرونکر (Kronecker) مرحله کمون عضلات قلب را توصيف کرده بود و در سال ۱۸۷۶ مارى (Marey) اين اصطلاح را رايج نموده بود، ولى صادق بودن اين اصل در مورد اعصاب راگاچ (Gotch) و برچ (Burch) کشف کردند. سپس در سال ۱۹۱۲ دو فيزيولوژيست به نامهاى آدريان (Adrian) و لوکاس (Lucas) با استفاده از دستگاههاى جديد قادر به تشخيص بين مرحله کمون مطلق (Absolute Refractofy period) که در آن هيچ محرکى قادر به تحريک عصب نيست و مرحله بعدى که عصب بهتدريج تحريکپذيرى خود را بهدست مىآورد شدند. آنها دريافتند که در اين جريان، تحريکپذيرى به نقطه اوج مىرسد و سپس به حالت نرمال برمىگردد. آنها دريافتند که در اين جريان، تحريکپذيرى به نقطه اوج مىرسد و سپس به حالت نرمال برمىگردد. آنها منحنى اين جريان را ترسيم نمودند. تمام اين جريان در پاى قورباغه سه صدم ثانيه طول مىکشيد.
در همين احوال اصل همه يا هيچ (All or Nothing Principle) نيز کشف شد. اصلى که نشان مىداد يک عضله يا رشته عصبى انرژى لازم براى ايجاد تکانه عصبى را مهيا مىکند و خود کاملاً هنگامى که تحريک شود، تخليه الکتريکى مىگردد. در سال ۱۸۷۱ بوديچ (Bowditch) معتقد شد که اين اصل در مورد عضله قلب صادق است و لوکاس آن را در ارتباط با عضلات استخوانها نيز مشاهده نمود. اصطلاح بالا را او متداول کرد. لوکاس و آدريان هر دو در اينکه نشان دهند اين قانون در مورد اعصاب نيز صدق مىکند، سهيم هستند. لوکاس در سال ۱۹۱۶ناگهان درگذشت و آدريال سخنرانىهاى او را منتشر نمود.
نظريه غشائى هدايت عصبى همراه با کشفياتى که در مورد چگونگى و ماهيت هدايت عصبى پيدا شد، و اين نظريه در سال ۱۸۹۰ توسط آستوالد (Ostwald) ارائه شد. برنشتاين در سال ۱۸۹۰ آن را توسعه و استقرار داد. آر.اس.لايلى در ۱۹۰۹ يک سلسله آزمايشهائى که تأييدکننده اين نظريه بود انجام داد. اين تئورى توجيهکننده واقعيتهائى مانند مرحله کمون عصبى و انتقال همه يا هيچ بود و در سال ۱۹۲۰ اکثر فيزيولوژيستها آن را پذيرفته بودند.Sanayi üretimi, ocakta geçen yılın aynı ayına göre Avrupa Birliği'nde (AB) yüzde 2,4, Avro Bölgesi'nde yüzde 2,1 artarken, Türkiye yüzde 7,3'lük artışla verileri açıklanan AB üyesi 21 ülkeden 19'unu geride bıraktı.
AA muhabirinin AB İstatistik Kurumu (Eurostat) ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) verilerinden derlediği bilgilere göre, AB ülkelerinde sanayi üretimi ocakta aylık bazda 0,1, yıllık bazda yüzde 2,4 arttı. Aynı dönemde Avro Bölgesi'nde de sanayi üretimi bir önceki aya göre yüzde 0,2 azalırken, geçen yılın aynı dönemine göre ise yüzde 2,1 artış gösterdi.
Türkiye'de sanayi üretimi, ocakta aylık bazda da yıllık bazda da Avrupa ortalamasının üzerinde arttı. Bu dönemde ülkenin sanayi üretimi, bir önceki aya göre yüzde 1,1, geçen yılın aynı dönemine göre ise yüzde 7,3 artış kaydetti.
Avrupa'da sanayi üretimi ocakta, enerji üretimindeki gerilemeye bağlı olarak beklenmedik şekilde düşerken, üretimin aylık bazda en fazla düştüğü ülkeler yüzde 10,7 ile Letonya, yüzde 6.4 ile Hollanda, yüzde 3,5 ile Finlandiya ve yüzde 2,8 ile Litvanya oldu. Fransa'da da sanayi üretimi ocakta yüzde 0,3 geriledi.
AB'nin yeni üyesi Hırvatistan sanayi üretiminde önde
Belçika, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Yunanistan, Güney Kıbrıs Rum kesimi, Avusturya, Slovenya ve Slovakya'nın ocak ayı sanayi üretimi verilerinin yayınlanmadığı AB ülkeleri arasında sanayide aylık bazda en hızlı büyüme yüzde 5,4'le Hırvatistan, yüzde 4,3 ile Estonya ve yüzde 3,1 ile Macaristan'da gerçekleşti. AB'nin büyük ekonomilerinden İtalya'da üretimde yüzde 1, Almanya'da yüzde 0,4, İspanya'da yüzde 0,2 ve İngiltere'de yüzde 0,1 artış görüldü.
AB ülkeleri arasında yıllık bazda sanayi üretiminin en hızlı arttığı ülkeler yüzde 12,7 ile Lüksemburg, yüzde 10.5 ile Romanya, yüzde 6,4 ile Polonya, yüzde 6,1 ile Macaristan oldu. Aynı dönemde Türkiye yıllık yüzde 7,3 büyüme oranıyla istatistikleri açıklanan 21 AB ülkesinden 19'unu geride bıraktı.
Avrupa ülkelerinde yıllık bazda sanayi üretimi en fazla düşen ülke ise yüzde 12 ile Malta oldu. Üretim Letonya'da yüzde 11, Litvanya'da yüzde 7,6 ve Finlandiya'da yüzde 7,1 geriledi.NBA历史上硕壮的臀部，背身单打5秒规则——查尔斯·巴克利
在NBA历史上，有5名球员得分凌驾20000分、篮板凌驾10000个，助攻凌驾4000次，他们划分是; 贾巴尔、张伯伦、卡尔一马龙、加内特和巴克利。但奇怪的是，每当人们
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tape
- Aluminum paper
- (2) metallic paper clips
- Shower gel (a substitute for electrocardiogram gel)
Optional but recommended:
-Oscilloscope, for the electrocardiography part of the devicePurdue Pharma may not be a household name in 2016, but the company is widely credited with having launched the opioid epidemic to its current proportions. Since 1999, the rate of deaths caused by opioid deaths has quadrupled. According to Health and Human Services, more than 650,000 opioid prescriptions are dispensed each day. The reality of the opioid epidemic is that many people who abuse heroin and other opioids began by obtaining a legal prescription from a qualified medical professional. From chronic pain to acute injuries, opioids are still commonly prescribed despite the high risk of addiction, and a campaign by Purdue Pharma played a significant role in this trend. While all opioids come with the risk of addiction, the opioid crisis began with the popularity of OxyContin.
OxyContin is the brand name for oxycodone HCl controlled-release, one of the most popular painkillers and opiates on the market. OxyContin is known for its long-lasting pain relieving effects, but it is now recognized as having the same potential for addiction as illegal street drugs. The side effects of OxyContin are similar to those of other opioids, including dizziness, headache, sedation and nausea. Overdose leads to a repression of the respiratory system and even death, if timely treatment is not obtained. Chronic abusers develop a tolerance to the drug, making it common for those who are legitimately prescribed OxyContin to become addicted and move on to other opioids. The Food and Drug Administration approved OxyContin for the American drug market in 1995, and the drug brought in $45 million in sales during its first year of release. Ten years later, the drug comprised approximately 30 percent of the analgesic market. What truly separated OxyContin from other opioids on the market was the marketing campaign attached to it. Purdue Pharma developed relationships with physicians and medical offices around the country by targeting their marketing efforts towards practitioners with the highest rates of prescribing painkillers. The company also pushed to have the treatment indications of the drug expanded from cancer-related pain management to non-cancer pain. The patented time-release formulation also allowed Purdue to distinguish OxyContin from other opioids by marketing it as less addictive. At one point, it was famously stated that the risk of becoming addicted to the drug was "less than 1 percent."
After a seven-year legal battle against Purdue Pharma, the Kentucky attorney general made headway in civil court in 2015. The lawsuit was based on allegations that the drug manufacturer distributed misleading information to patients and medical professionals about OxyContin. Based on this flawed information, the drug was widely prescribed for a variety of treatment indications. A total of 12 claims have been filed against Purdue Pharma for a potential total of $1 billion in damages, but the scope of the issue extends well beyond this lawsuit.
Although the risks of opioids such as OxyContin are now recognized throughout the medical community, the opioid epidemic continues to reach new heights. Many misconceptions about the risks associated with opioids remain in circulation among physicians and patients alike. It is estimated that between 3 and 16 percent of the general population experiences an addiction disorder at some point in life. Nonetheless, opioids are still frequently prescribed for non-cancer pain despite the high risk of addiction associated with them. Experts have cautioned physicians to take a conservative approach towards opioid prescribing, favoring non-opioid analgesics and alternative pain management efforts over opiates. Another strategy is to avoid prescribing opiates for chronic pain since the likelihood of addiction increases with time. With rates of long-term opioid treatment for chronic pain not related to cancer reaching as high as 50 percent in recent studies, it is clear that the medical community still has a long way to go in reducing the rates of unsafe prescribing and addiction.
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Cuba e il disgelo internazionale. Europa e Stati Uniti stanno correndo troppo? Si stanno sacrificando i diritti umani agli interessi commerciali
Sono artisti, musicisti o attori, e sono giovani. Vogliono aprire il loro paese, Cuba, al resto del mondo.
Una nuova generazione di cubani lavora
È libero per la prima volta dalla primavera 2003. Pablo Pacheco, giornalista cubano indipendente, ha ritrovato la moglie Gladis e il figlio undicenneThe full video will be available on Jan 11
Freedom Within Limits In the Montessori Home Environment
Freedom, rules and discipline are the three most misunderstood concepts of the Montessori method. This misinterpretation presents the greatest barrier to parents embracing and implementing Montessori philosophy.
No child is the same. However, they all have a desire to feel secure and strive for independence. Montessori homeschooling is not fueled by a power-struggle, but by collaboration between a child and a parent via a display of mutual respect and trust.
Do I allow too much freedom?! Am I too strict?! What if my child doesn't like Montessori?! Do I "force" Montessori upon my child?!
In this presentation we will define the golden middle ground between freedom and limits. Innovative and practical examples will be provided to establish age-appropriate boundaries, to empower your child's sense of liberty and independence, as they progress on their journey of knowledge and exploration. We will discover how freedom within limits can help you and your child(ren) thrive within Montessori homeschooling environment.
About Anastasia Rehbein
Anastasia is the founder of the well respected Montessori Nature blog. The success and flexibility of the blog and the materials available to subscribers has allowed her to embrace Montessori homeschooling her two beloved children.
In terms of education, Anastasia has a degree in Information, Technology and Languages, a post graduate Education qualification and speaks four languages. As a professional she has worked with children and as a Montessori Early Childhood professional, for the past 15 years in Russia, Europe and Australasia.
Anastasia's work and ideas are featured in Montessori International magazine and recently published books - Montessori At Home Guides for parents. She believes in building honest communication with other parents through her blog. She shares homeschooling journey, quirky moments, honest truth and stories born from hours of uninterrupted child-driven discoveries in Nature.یزدفردا:معاون رئیس جمهوری در امور زنان و خانواده با اشاره به اجرای طرح ملی گفت و گوی خانواده در ۳۱ استان کشور، افزود: نتایج این طرح نشان می دهد مهارت های ارتباطی و ضرورت آموزش این مهارت ها برای جوانان ایرانی بسیار اهمیت دارد.
به گزارش یزدفردا نقل از ایرنا، معصومه ابتکار روز دوشنبه در نشست مدیران حوزه زنان و خانواده خراسان شمالی و سازمان های مردم نهاد فعال در این حوزه با تاکید بر توجه ویژه دولت دوازدهم به مساله زنان و خانواده، اظهار داشت: در این راستا بحث عدالت جنسیتی در دو سطح کلی و اختصاصی به استان ها ابلاغ شده که مبنای حرکت ما در برنامه ها است.
وی با اشاره به مشکلات زنان در حوزه شاخص های بهداشتی، افزود: مباحث بهداشت باروری و پیشگیری از محورهای مهمی است که نیازمند توجه ویژه است.
وی در خصوص فاصله داشتن خراسان شمالی با شاخصه های ملی در حوزه آموزش عالی زنان نیز گفت: این شکاف در استان مطلوب نیست ولی شاید فرصتی مناسب برای مهارت آموزی و فعالیت بیشتر در حوزه استارتآپها باشد تا مهارت های زندگی و فردی را برای دختران جوان توسعه دهیم.
ابتکار افزود: هم اینک در بسیاری از استان های کشور حضور زنان در آموزش عالی بالا است ولی میزان بیکاری دختران تحصیلکرده نیز بالا است که نشان می دهد باید به دنبال افزایش مهارت ها و مشارکت اجتماعی و اقتصادی جامعه زنان بود.
وی در رابطه با افزایش توان و مشارکت اقتصادی زنان نیز گفت: در این رابطه طرحی با همکاری وزارت کار و جهاد دانشگاهی در حال اجرا است که به طور خاص روی سوادآموزی زنان سرپرست خانوار و روستایی و عشایری کار می کند.
وی افزود: تا کنون تنها در استان خراسان شمالی ۱۰۰ نفر آموزشگر تربیت شده اند که این نیازمند گسترش است تا فاصله و شکاف سوادآموزی را برای دختران روستایی کمتر کنیم.
معاون رئیس جمهوری در امور زنان و خانواده با اشاره به موفقیت طرح تاب آوری اجتماعی در خراسان شمالی، خاطرنشان کرد: برای ادامه این طرح و وسیع تر کردن گستره آن موافقت نامه ای با استان در حال اجرا است.
وی با اشاره به توجه دولت به افزایش مشارکت مردمی و جامعه مدنی، اظهار داشت: در این راستا برنامه حمایت قانونی و حقوقی از سازمان های مردم نهاد را در دستور کار داریم که در این رابطه لایحه مشارکت اجتماعی مساله بسیار مهمی است زیرا حمایت دولت از این سازمان ها باعث بسط کمی و کیفی این سازمان ها خواهد شد.
وی با بیان اینکه اعتقاد داریم در زمینه توان افزایی سازمان های مردم نهاد نباید از موضوع خانواده و محیط زیست غافل شد، خاطرنشان کرد: هم اینک طرح رد پای آب در استان های مختلف کشور در حال اجرا است که علاوه بر آموزش
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200,000 it outdid any other time and place for art. Their painters worked on pots rather than paper, because there wasn’t any paper and papyrus wasn’t available either. This book doesn’t explain the roots of Attic industry or intellectual property or anything, but it does seem like Athens had highly skilled laborers painting pots and pushing product with great success. It’s baffling to me you can run with pottery as your main industry, but that’s how Seltman describes them. A few generations like this and the place was great. Anyway, in 430 B.C.E. there was a nasty plague and there was a war that dragged on too long so all was lost.
During this period, Seltman tracks a change in the patronage pattern, with art mostly made for temples and institutions in the 6th century, then for authority figures and men of power in the 5th, and finally to flatter women in the 4th. He definitely thinks the last phase was the best.
Eventually, Greek art became archaic in style, copying the existing great work. Everything was remakes, made to sell, or outrageous and made to show that it was bigger and better than anything before. The state of greek art just declined during the Roman period, though celature remained sharp.
Seltman especially hates the Farnese Bull at the baths of Caracalla, which was a 2nd century C.E. Roman remake of a Greek sculpture, that is way over the top. Of this, Seltman spaketh: “Two young men tying a helpless woman to a mad bull is not an attractive subject save to some jaded habitué of the amphithreatre” (p113).
Then the Christians gained power in Rome just as they were getting really ascetic and ruined everything. This incredible paragraph ends the book.
Whatever the spiritual advantages of the new faith it was certainly a misfortune for the art of the people that some promoters of christianity should at that time in the fourth century of our era lay an overwhelming emphasis on qualities which to a Hellenic mind must have seemed not virtues but perversions. A wistful admiration for the life of contemplation and penance, fear of the world fo men, preparation for the tedium of a very concrete heaven, a haunting preoccupation with sin, a crazy exaltation of virginity, human sacrifice — not the simple kind that ends quickly with the stroke of a knife, but sacrifice through years of starvation, filth and flies in the burning sand of deserts; when such things happen in the world, art must wilt. (p118)
This book is fantastic and totally crazed. It’s inspiring that someone can look at so many tiny, somewhat destroyed objects and become completely confident about what art is and how it should be judged. Also the point about patronage and the inheritance and improvement of technique over time is quite nice, though it doesn’t quite tell you how to do it yourself.حمایت بانک ملی از شرکتهای دانش بنیان می تواند الگو برای سایر بانکها باشد
به گزارش اخبار بانک به نقل از روابط عمومی بانک ملی ایران، دکتر سورنا ستاری در دیدار با مدیرعامل بانک ضمن ابراز خرسندی از این که بانک ملی ایران به حوزه حمایت از استارت آپ ها ورود پیدا کرده است، گفت: رویکرد بانک ملی ایران در حمایت از محصولات دانش بنیان مورد تایید و حمایت ماست.
به گفته ستاری، ایجاد مرکز نوآوری توسط بانک ملی ایران زیرساختی مهم است که با نظر مثبت و همراهی مدیرعامل و اعضای هیات مدیره بانک محقق شده و جای تقدیر و تشکر دارد.
معاون علمی و فناوری رئیس جمهور در ادامه با تاکید بر لزوم حمایت های همه جانبه از استارت آپ ها و فعالیت های دانش بنیان، گفت: استارت آپ ها اول ایجاد می شوند و بعد قوانین مرتبط با آنها وضع می شود، به همین دلیل استارت آپ ها همیشه پیشرو هستند.
وی اظهار کرد: خوشبختانه اقدامات بانک ملی ایران در این زمینه قابل توجه بوده و امیدواریم این روند ادامه پیدا کند.
دکتر محمد رضا حسین زاده مدیرعامل بانک ملی ایران نیز در این دیدار با بیان اینکه بانک در حمایت از طرح های دانش بنیان و استارت آپ ها از هر گونه کوششی دریغ نمی کند، گفت: دنیای امروز، دنیای استارت آپ هاست و همه باید در جهت توسعه و حمایت از آنها گام برداریم.
وی افزود: بانک ملی ایران به تنهایی از چندین استارت آپ که تنها در مرحله ایده بودند، حمایت کرده و آنها را به مرحله بلوغ رسانده است که به مرور از آنها رونمایی خواهد شد.
حسین زاده با تاکید بر این که استعدادهای داخلی و جوانان ایرانی نخبه نباید به دلیل وجود مشکلات در تامین مالی طرح ها دچار چالش شوند، وظیفه بانک ملی ایران را کمک به رشد این ایده ها دانست و خاطرنشان کرد: خوشبختانه برنامه ریزی جدی بانک در این ...
با عضویت در خبرنامه تی نیوز می توانید روزانه خبرهای روز را در ایمیل خود مشاهده کنید
گل محمدی: نتیجه جای توجیه ندارد گل محمدی: نتیجه جای توجیه ندارد
سرمربی تیم تراکتورسازی گفت: پنالتی که خوردیم شیرازه کار ما بهم خورد اما به این موقعیت هایی که برای هر دو تیم پیشامد نگاه کنیم.
جیبوتی ایران را تهدید کرد جیبوتی ایران را تهدید کرد
خرداد: دیروز اتحادیه عرب به درخواست عربستان درباره ایران نشستی فوری برگزار کرد. در این اجلاس وزیر خارجه جیبوتی ایران را تهدید کرد. به گزارش...
اسفندیار رحیم مشایی با قرار کفالت آزاد شد اسفندیار رحیم مشایی با قرار کفالت آزاد شد
خرداد: اسفندیار رحیم مشایی که صبح امروز به دنبال احضاریه قبلی در شعبه چهارم بازپرسی دادسرای فرهنگ و رسانه حضور یافته بود، با قرار کفالت آزاد شد. به...
همایش آموزش رانندگان حمل و نقل عمومی و سرویس مدارس در آمل برگزار شد همایش آموزش رانندگان حمل و نقل عمومی و سرویس مدارس در آمل برگزار شد
سرهنگ علی نعیمی آملی :رانندگان علاوه بر آراستگی باید کارت و بیمه نامه خودرو ،گواهینامه ،معاینه فنی ،برچسب ویژه سرویس مدارس وغیره را داشته باشند
تراکتورسازی در اصفهان گلباران شد تراکتورسازی در اصفهان گلباران شد
به گزارش هم نوا، تیم های سپاهان اصفهان و تراکتورسازی تبریز در چارچوب هفته دوازدهم لیگ برتر فوتبال ایران به مصاف هم رفتند که این دیدار با پیروزی سه بر...
جلوه هایی پرشور از پیوند ناگسستنی مردم با رهبر معظم انقلاب اسلامی جلوه هایی پرشور از پیوند ناگسستنی مردم با رهبر معظم انقلاب اسلامی
رهبر معظم انقلاب اسلامی در اولین ساعات صبح امروز (دوشنبه) برای بازدید از مناطق زلزله زده به صورت سرزده وارد کرمانشاه شدند.به گزارش ایسنا،حضرت آیت الله...
سلطان جنگل مغلوب بی کفایتی مسئولین باغ وحش + فیلم سلطان جنگل مغلوب بی کفایتی مسئولین باغ وحش + فیلم
شیر 18 ساله در یکی از باغ وحش های بنگلادش بر اثر شرایط نامطلوب نگهداری و عدم غذای کافی با مرگ دست به �
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همچنین ویرایش آنها باید منتظر تاییدیه از سوی وبسایت باشید.
در تب فروشگاه علاوه بر امکان ثبت، می توانید وضعیت تایید آگهی و همچنین گزینه ویرایش را نیز مشاهده نمایید.
ثبت آگهی ( کالا و خدمات):
اولویت بعدی نیازی نو پس از فروشگاه ها و شرکت ها، محصولات و خدمات آن هاست.
پس از ثبت فروشگاه، شما مجاز خواهید بود که محصولات و خدماتی را که ارائه می کنید ثبت و پس از آن نمایش دهید.
برای نمایش فروشگاه شما، در صفحات دوم و سوم و همچنین نمایش روی نقشه سایت حتما باید آگهی محصول یا خدمات برای فروشگاه ثبت شده باشد.
مراحل درج آگهی جدید:
1 . جهت درج آگهی جدید ابتدا باید فروشگاه تان را ثبت کرده باشید.
2 . پس از درج فروشگاه به صفحه پنل کاربری رفته و در قسمت پایین صفحه به تب آگهی بروید.
3 . روی گزینه درج آگهی جدید کلیک کنید.
4 . مشخصات کالا یا خدمات خود را وارد کنید و روی گزینه ذخیره کلیک کنید.
در صورت نبودن زیر شاخه ی مورد نظر، در کادر مشخص شده، زیر شاخه و یا رسته کاری خود را برای ما ارسال کنید.
آگهی ها نیز مانند فروشگاه باید توسط نیازی نو تایید شوند.
تعداد آگهی مجاز برای پنل رایگان ما 2 عدد می باشد.
می توانید به دفعات آگهی ها را بروز کنید که باعث می شود آگهی شما در صفحه اصلی سایت به صدر لیست آگهی ها انتقال یابد.
موارد لازم جهت ثبت فروشگاه در وب سایت نیازی نو که الزامیست :
- اطلاعات کامل و واقعی از مشخصات فروشگاه، دفتر کار یا شرکت شما (آدرس، تلفن تماس، ایمیل، وبسایت درصورت وجود و نام فروشگاه)
- حداقل یک عکس واضح و با کیفیت از محل فروشگاه یا شرکت شما جهت گالری تصاویر (ترجیحا از سر در و نمای بیرونی ساختمان)؛ امکان نمایش سه عکس در صفحه وجود دارد.
- توضیح کوتاهی در مورد نوع فعالیت شما و یا تاریخچه فروشگاه یا شرکت شما.
جهت ثبت کالا یا خدمات خود نیاز به موارد زیر دارید:
- نام یا کد محصول یا کالا.
- حداقل یک عکس از محصول یا خدمات ارائه شده. (امکان نمایش سه عکس در گالری از هر محصول)
- توضیح در مورد محصول یا خدمات ارائه شده.
- قیمت واحد کالا یا خدمات ارائه شده در صورت تمایل. (در صورت عدم درج قیمت جمله تماس بگیرید نمایش داده میشود)
- درج قیمت کالا یا خدمات پس از اعمال تخفیف (در صورت تمایل) مثلا کالایی که 10000تومان قیمت دارد و پس از تخفیف میشود 7000تومان، پس شما 7000تومان را درج میکنید.
ثبت نمایندگی:
می توانید با ثبت مشخصات مختصر از دیگر شعب فروشگاه یا شرکت خود در تب نمایندگی، در صفحه پروفایل تان مشخصات شعب دیگر را نیز نمایش دهید.
از همکاری شما سپاس گذاریم.
مدیریت نیازی نوformerly, the eldest son of the King of France and direct heir to the throne
The eldest son of the king of France. Under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties, the Dauphin of France, generally shortened to Dauphin, was heir apparent to the throne of France. The title derived from the main title of the Dauphin, Dauphin of Viennois.
Origin: From dauphin, from dalphin, from delphinus.
the title of the eldest son of the king of France, and heir to the crown. Since the revolution of 1830, the title has been discontinued
Origin: [F. dauphin, prop., a dolphin, from L. delphinus. See Dolphin. The name was given, for some reason unexplained, to Guigo, count of Vienne, in the 12th century, and was borne by succeeding counts of Vienne. In 1349, Dauphiny was bequeathed to Philippe de Valois, king of France, on condition that the heir of the crown should always hold the title of Dauphin de Viennois.]
Chambers 20th Century Dictionary
daw′fin, n. the name given to the eldest son of the king of France, from 1349 down to 1830:—fem. Dau′phiness. [O. Fr. daulphin (Fr. dauphin)—L. delphinus, a dolphin. From the dolphins in the crest of Viennois.]
The Nuttall Encyclopedia
a name originally given to the Seigneurs of the province of Dauphiné, in allusion to the dolphin which several members of the family wore as a badge, but in 1349 given to the heir-presumptive to the crown of France, when Humbert II., dauphin of Vienne, ceded Dauphiné to Philippe of Valois, on condition that the eldest son of the king of France should assume the title, a title which was abolished after the Revolution of 1830. The word signifies dolphin in French.
The numerical value of dauphin in Chaldean Numerology is: 3
The numerical value of dauphin in Pythagorean Numerology is: 1
Sample Sentences & Example Usage
Apparently there were a number of vessels that became distressed, either capsized or what have you. They were scattered anywhere from Dauphin Island all the way out into Mobile Bay and across to Fort Morgan. Dauphin Island was Dauphin Island.
Images & Illustrations of dauphin
Translations for dauphin
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
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Select another language:Böylesine güzel; güzel olduğu kadar tüketimde cimri, işletmede sorunsuz bir makineyi bizim hizmetimize sunan değerli HITACHI INK JET çalışanlarına gönülden saygılar ve sevgilerimi sunarım.
Altar Endüstri Ürünleri Sanayi ve Ticaret Limited Şirketi, sitenin nasıl kullanıldığını daha iyi anlamamızı sağlamak için çerezleri kullanır. Bu siteyi kullanmaya devam ederek, bu politikayı kabul etmiş oluyorsunuz.نکات مهمی برای آشپزی در خانه
تکنیک های جالب و ساده ای برای آشپزی وجود دارد که بهتر است بدانید. سرآشپزهای معروف این نکته رها را رعایت می کنند و به همین دلیل آشپزی آن ها همیشه مثال زدنی است.
۱- اگر کاهو تلخ است، می توانید آن را چند دقیقه ای (حدود ۱۵ دقیقه) داخل محلول آب سرد و نمک قرار دهید.
۲- میوه های قرمز رنگ را قبل از شستن حتما چند ساعت در یخچال قرار دهید تا زمان بیشتری سالم بمانند و لهیده نشوند.
۳- همیشه سیب را داخل نایلون پلاستیکی درباز در یخچال قرار دهید. سیب گازی از خود متصاعد می کند که به بهتر رسیدن سایر میوه ها و سبزی ها کمک خواهدکرد، بنابراین اگر میوه نرسیده ای دارید، از سیب برای رسیدن سریع تر آن استفاده کنید.
۴- هنگام سرخ کردن مواد غذایی، حرارت را از ۱۸۰ درجه سانتیگراد بالاتر نبرید. بعد از هر بار سرخ کردن، روغن درون ظرف را خالی و با دستمال آن را پاک کنید و دوباره روغن بریزید و مواد غذایی را سرخ کنید اما بعد از ۸ بار حتما ظرف را بشویید. مواد غذایی �
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centered on the accuracy of scientific predictions concerning future warming. To predict global climatic trends, climatologists accumulate large historical databases and use them to create computerized models that simulate the earth's climate. The validity of these models has been challenged by some. Some skeptics say that the climate is too complicated to be accurately modeled, and that there are too many unknowns. Some also question whether the observed climate changes might simply represent normal fluctuations in global temperature. However, within climatology, meteorology, and related fields, knowledgeable experts generally accept that human activity is the primary cause for the observed global warming. Most scientists also agree that it is difficult in general to tie the effects of human activity to specific unusual or extreme weather events, but a number of studies released in 2014 agreed that the 2013–14 extreme heat waves in Australia would not have been as severe without the effects of emissions resulting from human activity.
Despite political controversies over global warming, the scientific consensus is increasingly focused on the likely serious consequences of human-caused global warming and the need for urgent and concerted action. Some climate scientists have proposed the use of geoengineering, such as introducing sulfur compounds into the atmosphere to produce global cooling (as volcanic eruptions do); this approach is not without risk, and has been rejected by most environmentalists. In 1992, at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, over 150 nations signed a binding declaration on the need to reduce global warming.
In 1994, however, a UN scientific advisory panel, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), concluded that reductions beyond those envisioned by the treaty would be needed to avoid global warming. The following year, the advisory panel forecast a rise in global temperature of from 1.44 to 6.3°C (0.8–3.5°C) by 2100 if no action were taken to cut down on the production of greenhouse gases; a more recent study by the same panel estimated a rise of 3 to 7.5°C (1.8 to 4°C). Even if action is taken, the already released gases will persist in the atmosphere, and a rise of from 1 to 3.6°C (0.5–2°C) is expected to occur. A 2007 IPCC report, based on a three-year study, termed global warming
unequivocal and said that most of the change was most likely due to human activities, and its report five years later restated those findings even more strongly.
A UN Conference on Climate Change, held in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997 resulted in an international agreement to fight global warming, which called for reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases by industrialized nations. Not all industrial countries, however, immediately signed or ratified the accord, known as the Kyoto Protocol. In 2001 the G. W. Bush administration announced it would abandon the accord; because the United States produces about one quarter of the world's greenhouse gases, this was regarded as a severe blow to the effort to slow global warming. Despite the American move, most other nations agreed later in the year (in Bonn, Germany, and in Marrakech, Morocco) on the details necessary to convert the agreement into a binding international treaty, which came into force in 2005 after ratification by more than 125 nations.
In 2002 the Bush administration proposed several voluntary measures for slowing the increase in, instead of reducing, emissions of greenhouses gases. The United States, Australia, China, India, Japan, and South Korea created (2005) an agreement outside the Kyoto Protocol that proposed to reduce emissions through the development and implementation of new technologies. The Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate established no commitments on the part of its members; it held its first meeting in 2006. Also in 2006, California enacted legislation that called for cutting carbon dioxide emissions by 25% by 2020; the state is responsible for nearly 7% of all such emissions in the United States. In 2007 U.S. President Bush called for the world's major polluting nations to set global and national goals for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but the nonbinding nature of the proposed goals provoked skepticism from nations that favored stronger measures.
The 15th UN Conference on Climate Change, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in Dec., 2009, failed to lead to a legally binding treaty on reducing global greenhouse-gas emissions. It had been hoped that the meeting would result in a new protocol that would replace that agreed to at Kyoto. The 17th conference, which met in 2012 in Durban, South Africa, agreed to extend the accord (which was extended to 2020 later in 2012) and also agreed to work toward an unspecified new accord; at the same time, however, Canada became the first ratifying nation to withdraw from the Kyoto Protocol.
In 2015, in Paris at the 21st conference, the world's nations agreed for the first time to take measures to hold global warming below 3.6°C (2°C), and all parties, not just developed nations, agreed to reduce emissions; a revision of emissions targets (beginning in 2020) and a review of actual emission reductions (beginning in 2023) were required every five years under the treaty (signed 2016). Technological support and financial aid was also promised to developing nations. U.S. support for the 2015 agreement, however, reversed after the election (2016) of Donald Trump as president; in office he moved to dismantle federal policies intended to address climate change and announced the United States would withdraw from the agreement. The present rate of carbon dioxide emissions has been increasing since 1970, and measures adopted so far have not slowed the increase in emissions. In the mid-2010s the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide exceeded 400 parts per million (ppm); in the last 800,000 years carbon dioxide levels have never previously exceeded 300 ppm.
See G. E. Christianson, Greenhouse (1999); T. Flannery, The Weather Makers (2006); E. Kolbert, Field Notes from a Catastrophe (2006); E. Linden, The Winds of Change (2006); P. Conkling et al., The Fate of Greenland: Lessons from Abrupt Climate Change (2011); B. McKibben, ed., The Global Warming Reader (2012); W. D. Nordhaus, The Climate Casino (2013).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Environmental StudiesSylvia Plath was an amazing poet who is unfortunately mostly known in the non-lit buff community by the way she died. However, you can see from this picture of a page from her copy of "The Great Gatsby" above that she read it hardcore. We thought we would give you a little bit of context of the photo because of the new film.
Plath studied a crap-ton of literature in school. It isn't immediately clear whether she was in high school or college when she annotated Gatsby, however the copy contains two different shades of ink which writer Park Bucker notes in an essay. This implies she spent either a lot of time with the work or she was studying it in different places.
In the annotated page that appears above, she underlines character Daisy's prediction of what her daughter will be like and she writes the word "L’Ennui." Plath named two of her earliest poems "L’Ennui" that reflect a post romanticism and the death of idealism, two ideas also in Gatsby, according to an essay by Anna Journey.
Gatsby may have had an influence on her poems, but there's more evidence of her admiration of the work. She also composed essays about F. Scott Fitzgerald himself, calling him "a word painter with a vivid palette," and says the writer chooses words with "jewel-cut precision," also noted by Anna Journey. So even though Plath and Fitzgerald are almost never talked about at the same time, we can regard the photo as a beautiful moment of one genius passing on ideas to another.Kırmızı halı geçişinde birlikte objektiflere poz veren iki ünlü oyuncu daha sonra gazetecilerin sorularını yanıtladı. Bazı yayın organlarında hakkında Hadise ile aşk yaşıyor haberleri çıkan Kerem Bürsin 'Aşk var mı' sorusunu yanıtladı. 'Malesef bu yalan, Hadise'yi severim ama doğru değil' diyen Kerem Bürsin'in Hafsanur Sancaktutan ile ilgili sorulara yanıtını da bu videodan izleyebilrsiniz.曝光河北秦皇岛市青龙县公安几年来的罪恶
＊ 酷刑数不胜数
第一种酷刑：趴冰
青龙县到冬季下大雪时，冰天雪地，十分寒冷。在县监狱的院子里，青龙县的大法弟子曾4次数十人被残酷的逼迫赤体趴冰卧雪，趴得身下那个坑里的积水达二公分的深度，有的冻昏了，不下雪时，在见不到阳光的阴处，利用人工泼水结冰，冰的厚度达十公分，强迫大法学员趴冰，这种冰不到来年冬天都不会解冻。这是青龙县看守所对法轮功学员的酷刑之一。
第二种酷刑：戴加重手铐脚镣
自从1999年7月20日起，警方为迫害大法学员，增添约数套手铐脚镣，加重20多斤重的脚镣是专门给大法学员用的，动不动就给戴上，两手双脚套在一起，套成一团，人只能蹲着，这已经很难受了，管教还强迫顺着院内不停的转走。
第三种酷刑：蹲马步
体罚大法弟子长时间蹲马步，马步的姿势是一种软刑体罚，相当的痛苦，只要稍差样就被皮条抽打。
第四种酷刑：皮条狠命抽打
将大法弟子的衣服脱光，只留下内裤，指使犯人拿着皮条狠命抽打法轮功学员，有的打昏、不省人事为止，有的再戴上刑具。
第五种酷刑：残酷的灌食
女大法学员被邪恶迫害得吃不下饭，进号房就都绝食，管教指使医生灌食，医生王景富极其邪恶，给大法学员鼻孔插管、口腔插管、肛门插管“灌食”（其实是酷刑折磨加侮辱人格），自古以来很罕见这样邪恶狠毒的“医生”，残酷的灌食方法是他常用的手段。
以上只是简单的讲了五种刑罚，其它多种多样的酷刑数不胜数。
＊ 曝光残酷迫害大法学员的警察、管教
有许许多多学员被公安绑架送进拘留所并不定期限，拿钱放人，有些学员家属背着学员到处借钱去赎人，这样使警方上下级系统发了迫害法轮功学员的财，恶警们从不考虑学员家庭老小的饥苦（青龙县属贫困县）。过去的强盗打家劫舍，当今的警察管教们干出的事狠过强盗百倍。
最邪恶的头子公安局副局长张喜多次公开叫嚣：“对法轮功学员没有约束的法律，打死白打，打死就埋上。”又说：“打死了就说自杀，法轮功学员作证不算数。”“对炼法轮功的左点右点没关系。法律上的那些规定对学法轮功的可以例外，这是上级的精神。”“为法轮功问题上访、告状没人管，有本事你告去，我给你时间。”张喜多次指使监狱中的监管人员说道：好好伺候他们，让他们练一练牢狱里的功（遭受多种刑具的痛苦）。
他不但多次动用武警，还指使狱中的杀人犯用刑具殴打大法学员，他还亲自动手打，抓着啥使啥打，一次他抓把铁锹连砍带拍大法弟子，铁锹的木头把儿打折两截，这位大法弟子被打得皮开肉裂，鲜血直流，湿透衣衫，人如泥滩，死活难定，张喜这才住手，命令送医院去（医院里有急救的照片）。
看守所所长王金是第二个恶徒，自1999年7.20以来，据不完全统计，上千人受过王金的酷刑，他常非法动用刑具对大法学员体罚、殴打、侮骂、虐待，相当残暴，令监狱的管教都目不忍睹。他还边打边骂些低级下流的话，嘴里不断的重复着张喜的口头指示，把邪恶的招数全用在法轮功学员身上。
第三个恶徒是管教刘力军，他除了殴打体罚大法学员外，还不惜经常拿在押人员开心，让他们学兔子蹦，扭王八舞，不听就打，还学着大恶霸的样子，躺在沙发上，让大法学员在一边跪在地上，给他扇扇子，去厕所也坐在沙发上，让学
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; l’insetto scivola in un piccolo secchiello di liquido e, per uscirne, è costretto a strisciare sotto una protuberanza che lo cosparge di polline.
“Fabbriche” naturali
17. In che modo foglie e radici collaborano per nutrire le piante?
17 Direttamente o indirettamente, le foglie verdi delle piante nutrono il mondo. Ma non possono funzionare senza l’aiuto di sottili radici. Milioni di piccole radici — ciascuna munita in punta di una cuffia protettiva lubrificata — si fanno strada nel suolo. Peli radicali situati dietro la cuffia oleosa assorbono acqua e minerali, che, percorrendo minuscoli canali nell’alburno, raggiungono le foglie. Nelle foglie vengono prodotti zuccheri e amminoacidi, e queste sostanze nutritizie vengono inviate in tutto l’albero, radici comprese.
18. (a) Come fa l’acqua a salire dalle radici fino alle foglie, e cosa mostra che questo sistema è più che soddisfacente? (b) Cos’è la traspirazione, e come contribuisce al ciclo dell’acqua?
18 Certe caratteristiche dell’apparato circolatorio degli alberi e delle piante sono così sbalorditive che molti scienziati le considerano quasi un miracolo. Innanzi tutto, come fa l’acqua a essere pompata fino ad altezze di 60-90 metri dal suolo? Inizialmente sale per la pressione a cui è sottoposta nelle radici, ma nel fusto interviene un altro meccanismo. Le molecole d’acqua aderiscono per coesione. Grazie a questa coesione, man mano che l’acqua evapora dalle foglie le sottili colonne d’acqua vengono sollevate come funi, funi che vanno dalle radici alle foglie, a una velocità di circa 60 metri l’ora. Si pensa che questo sistema potrebbe sollevare l’acqua in un albero alto più di tre chilometri! Man mano che l’acqua in eccesso evapora dalle foglie (processo detto di traspirazione), miliardi di tonnellate d’acqua vengono restituite all’aria per ricadere poi come pioggia: un sistema progettato alla perfezione!
19. A quale funzione essenziale assolve la collaborazione fra certe radici e certi batteri?
19 C’è dell’altro. Per produrre i necessari amminoacidi, le foglie hanno bisogno di assorbire dal suolo nitrati e nitriti. In parte questi si accumulano nel suolo grazie ai fulmini e a certi batteri liberi. Composti dell’azoto vengono anche prodotti in quantità adeguate da leguminose come i piselli, il trifoglio, i fagioli e l’erba medica. Certi batteri penetrano nelle loro radici, che forniscono loro carboidrati, e i batteri trasformano, o fissano, l’azoto del suolo in nitrati e nitriti utilizzabili, producendone intorno ai 225 chilogrammi per ettaro all’anno.
20. (a) Cosa fa la fotosintesi, dove ha luogo e chi ne comprende il processo? (b) Cosa ha detto in merito un biologo? (c) Come si potrebbero definire le piante verdi? Sotto quali aspetti eccellono, e quali domande è opportuno farsi?
20 C’è dell’altro ancora. Le foglie verdi utilizzano l’energia del sole, l’anidride carbonica dell’aria e l’acqua assorbita dalle radici per produrre zucchero e liberare ossigeno. Questo processo è chiamato fotosintesi, e ha luogo in elementi cellulari chiamati cloroplasti, così piccoli che ce ne starebbero 400.000 sul punto alla fine di questa frase. Questo processo non è pienamente compreso dagli scienziati. “La fotosintesi comporta una settantina di diverse reazioni chimiche”, dice un biologo. “È qualcosa di veramente miracoloso”.12 Le piante verdi sono state definite le “fabbriche” della natura: belle, silenziose, non inquinanti, producono ossigeno, riciclano l’acqua e sfamano il mondo. Sono opera del caso? È credibile un’asserzione del genere?
21, 22. (a) Cos’hanno detto due insigni scienziati a proposito dell’intelligenza manifesta nel mondo della natura? (b) Quale ragionamento fa la Bibbia al riguardo?
21 Alcuni dei più famosi scienziati del mondo stentano a crederci. Vedono nel mondo della natura l’impronta di una intelligenza. Robert A. Millikan, premio Nobel per la fisica, pur credendo nell’evoluzione disse a un convegno dell’American Physical Society: “C’è una Divinità che plasma i nostri fini . . . una filosofia puramente materialistica, secondo me, è il massimo della non intelligenza. I saggi di tutte le epoche hanno sempre visto abbastanza da manifestare come minimo uno spirito riverente”. Nel suo discorso citò le famose parole di Albert Einstein, che disse di aver cercato “umilmente di comprendere una parte sia pure infinitesima dell’intelligenza manifesta nella natura”.13
22 Tutto intorno a noi vediamo testimonianze di un progetto, con un’infinita varietà e una straordinaria complessità, a indicare l’esistenza di un’intelligenza superiore. A questa conclusione fa eco la Bibbia, che attribuisce il progetto a un Creatore le cui “invisibili qualità, perfino la sua sempiterna potenza e Divinità, si vedono chiaramente fin dalla creazione del mondo, perché si comprendono dalle cose fatte, così che sono inescusabili”. — Romani 1:20.
23. A quale ragionevole conclusione perviene il salmista?
23 Con tutte le evidenze di un progetto nelle forme di vita che ci circondano, sembra davvero ‘inescusabile’ attribuire tutto ciò al cieco caso. Non è certo irragionevole da parte del salmista attribuirne il merito a un Creatore intelligente, quando dice: “Quanto numerose sono le tue opere, o Geova! Le hai fatte tutte in sapienza. La terra è piena delle tue produzioni. In quanto a questo mare così grande e ampio, lì ci sono cose che si muovono senza numero, creature viventi, sia piccole che grandi”. — Salmo 104:24, 25.
[Testo in evidenza a pagina 151]
“La fotosintesi comporta una settantina di diverse reazioni chimiche. È qualcosa di veramente miracoloso”
[Riquadro/Immagini alle pagine 148 e 149]
La sorprendente struttura dei semi
Semi maturi e pronti per partire!
Una varietà di meccanismi ingegnosi provvede alla disseminazione. I semi dell’orchidea sono così leggeri che fluttuano nell’aria come particelle di polvere. Quelli del dente di leone (o “soffione”) sono dotati di paracadute, mentre quelli dell’acero hanno ali e svolazzano come farfalle. Certe piante acquatiche producono semi dotati di galleggianti ad aria che permettono loro di navigare.
Alcune piante hanno baccelli che, aprendosi di scatto, catapultano i semi. I semi delle amamelidi vengono prima compressi e poi sparati fuori dal frutto, come i semi di cocomero che i bambini si divertono a schiacciare fra il pollice e l’indice. E il cocomero asinino (detto anche “schizzetto”) sfrutta un principio idraulico. Man mano che cresce, le pareti si ispessiscono verso l’interno, comprimendo sempre più la parte centrale liquida; quando i semi sono maturi, la pressione è tale che fa saltare il picciolo come il tappo di sughero di una bottiglia, e i semi vengono sparati fuori.
[Immagini]
Dente di leone
Acero
Cocomero asinino
Semi che misurano le precipitazioni
I semi di certe piante annue del deserto si rifiutano di germogliare finché non sono caduti almeno 12 millimetri di pioggia. Sembra anche che sappiano da quale direzione viene l’acqua: se viene da sopra germogliano, se viene da sotto no. Nel suolo ci sono sali che impediscono ai semi di germogliare. Per disperdere questi sali ci vuole la pioggia. L’acqua che proviene da sotto non può farlo.
Se queste piante annue del deserto cominciassero a crescere dopo una semplice pioggerella, morrebbero. Per proteggere le piante da successivi periodi di siccità, ci vuole una pioggia forte che bagni a sufficienza il suolo. Così aspettano che essa arrivi. Caso o progetto intenzionale?
Un gigante in un minuscolo involucro
Uno dei semi più piccoli racchiude il più grande organismo vivente della terra: la gigantesca sequoia. Supera i 90 metri d’altezza. A poco più di un metro dal suolo può avere un diametro di 11 metri. Un solo albero può fornire legname sufficiente a costruire 50 case di sei stanze l’una. La corteccia, spessa una sessantina di centimetri, contiene tannino, un composto che tiene lontani gli insetti, e la sua struttura spugnosa, fibrosa, la rende resistente al fuoco quasi come l’amianto. Le sue radici si estendono per oltre un ettaro e mezzo. Vive più di 3.000 anni.
Eppure i semi che la sequoia lascia cadere a milioni non sono molto più grandi di una capocchia di spillo, circondata da minuscole alette. Un uomo in piedi alla base della sequoia non può che ammirarne in silenzio l’imponente grandiosità. Ha senso credere che questo maestoso gigante e il minuscolo seme che lo racchiude non siano stati progettati da nessuno?
[Riquadro/Immagini a pagina 150]
Virtuosi del canto
Il mimo poliglotta è famoso per le sue capacità imitative. Un mimo imitò in un’ora 55 uccelli diversi. Ma ciò che lascia estasiati sono i melodiosi gorgheggi che il mimo poliglotta crea spontaneamente, e che vanno senz’altro molto più in là delle poche semplici note necessarie per ribadire i propri diritti territoriali. Che servano a rallegrare sia lui che noi?
Certi scriccioli canori dell’America del Sud sono altrettanto sorprendenti. Le coppie, come altri uccelli tropicali, cantano duetti. Riguardo alle loro eccezionali esecuzioni musicali, un’enciclopedia osserva: “La femmina e il maschio possono cantare le stesse melodie insieme, melodie diverse o brani diversi della stessa melodia alternativamente; possono essere così sincronizzati che l’intera melodia sembra cantata da un unico uccello”.a Come sono deliziosi questi delicati dialoghi musicali fra coppie di scriccioli! Semplice frutto del caso?
[Immagini a pagina 142]
Ha richiesto un progettista
Non ha richiesto un progettista?
[Immagini a pagina 143]
Scheletri vitrei di piante microscopiche
Diatomee
[Immagini a pagina 144]
Scheletri vitrei di animali microscopici: i radiolari
“Navicella di Venere”
[Immagine a pagina 145]
Molti fiori hanno segnali che guidano gli insetti al nettare nascosto
[Immagini a pagina 146]
Certi fiori hanno pareti incerate che intrappolano gli insetti così da permettere l’impollinazione
Perché questa orchidea assomiglia a una vespa femmina?
[Immagine a pagina 147]
Si pensa che la coesione fra le molecole d’acqua potrebbe sollevare l’acqua in un albero alto più di tre chilometri!ÇEVİRİ Dünya Dünyanın en zengin insanları sıralaması boşanmalardaki mal paylaşımı nedeniyle değişiyor Boşanma sırasında mal varlığının önemli bir kısmını veren isimler arasında Jeff Bezos da var Melinda Gates - Bill Gates çifti boşanıyor Bill Gates'in çocukları neden milyarlarca dolar miras alamayacak? Jeff Bezos bir öğretmenle evlenen eski eşini kutladı: "Dan müthiş biri"Ambesonne Sonbahar Pet Eşarp, Çıplak Ağaç Dalları Desen
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is one that can run on gasoline, E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline), and any combination of the two. These vehicles have specialized engines and fuel systems that can handle the different properties of ethanol and gasoline, and are designed to switch seamlessly between the two fuels depending on their availability. Some FFVs are also capable of running on other types of fuels such as methanol and propane.
The ethanol flexible-fuel vehicle is the most common commercially available FFV in the world market, with approximately 60 million automobiles, motorcycles, and light duty trucks manufactured and sold globally by March 2018, and concentrated in four markets: Brazil (30.5 million light-duty vehicles and over 6 million motorcycles), the United States (21 million by the end of 2017), Canada (1.6 million by 2014), and Europe, led by Sweden (243,100).
Despite the fact that technology exists to allow ethanol FFVs to run on any combination of gasoline and ethanol, from pure gasoline to 100% ethanol (E100), North American and European flex-fuel vehicles are optimized to run on E85, a blend of 85% anhydrous ethanol fuel and 15% gasoline. This ethanol content upper limit is set to reduce ethanol emissions at low temperatures and to avoid cold starting problems during cold weather, at temperatures less than 11 °C (52 °F). From November to March, the alcohol content is reduced in regions where temperatures fall below 0 °C (32 °F) to a winter blend of E70 in the United States or E75 in Sweden.به گزارش خبرنگار شهر محمدرضا جوادی یگانه، معاون امور اجتماعی و فرهنگی شهرداری تهران در مراسم روز جهانی مبارزه با کار کودکان و آیین تقدیر از فعالان حوزه کودک که یکشنبه ۲۳ خرداد در باغ موزه قصر برگزار شد، گفت: مایه شرمساری است که شرایطی فراهم نشده که کودکان در سن تفریح، شادی و یادگیری بتواند مانند بقیه از کودکی خود لذت ببرند و امیدواریم روز جهانی مبارزه با کار کودکان فرصتی فراهم کند که به یاد بیاوریم که در زمینه کودکان کار، کوتاهی داشتیم.
او افزود: مسأله کارکودک، پیچیده است و راه حل آن ساده نیست و شاید جمع آوری و حذف راحت ترین راه حل آن باشد. اما اگر بنا باشد که این کودکان از خیابان ها به پشت خیابان ها و کارخانه ها منتقل شوند شاید نتایج بغرنج تری را به همراه داشته باشد.
جوادی یگانه تاکید کرد: تنها راه حل، مبارزه با این پدیده است. افراد باید وارد گفتگو شوند و مسئولین امر مسئولیت خود را بپذیرند.
معاون اجتماعی و فرهنگی شهرداری تهران با تاکید بر اینکه دست خشن موسسه ها و افرادی که از مسأله کار کودک سوء استفاده میکنند دست نرم کودک را می آزارد، ادامه داد: شهرداری تهران مسئولیت خود را در این زمینه پذیرفت و در حال حاضر در حوزه خدمات شهری که مستقیما به حوزه کودکان کار مرتبط بود، تقریبا کودک کار نداریم. در حوزه زباله گردی نیز هر چند تعداد این کودکان کمتر شده اما همچنان شاهد این پدیده هستیم.
او اضافه کرد: راه گفتگو را در این زمینه انتخاب و سعی کردیم که مسئولان و نهادهای مرتبط را درگیر این کار کنیم و با تاکید شهردار تهران در این زمینه تنها با پیمانکار متخلف برخورد می شود و هیچ برخوردی با کودک وجود ندارد.
جوادی یگانه عنوان کرد: شهرداری در هیچ طرح جمع آوری و ساماندهی شرکت نکرده، چرا که معتقد است باید با مساعدت و نظارت حوزه کار و شبکه یاری کودکان کار این مشکل حل شود.
معاون اجتماعی و فرهنگی شهرداری تهران یادآور شد: آسیبی که در سالهای متمادی ایجاد شده به یکباره از بین نمی رود و آسیب جمع آوری کودکان کار بیشتر است و با جمع آوری، این پدیده بعد از مدتی دوباره شروع می شود.
او با بیان اینکه شهرداری تهران نقش پشتیبان و هماهنگ کننده دارد، گفت: نقش اصلی را خیریه ها و فعالان مدنی ایفا می کنند و از آنها درخواست می کنیم که به کمک شهرداری بیایند. پدیده کار کودک در این سالها افزایش پیدا کرده و باید تلاش کنیم این مشکل به شیوه مدنی و اجتماعی حل شود و رویکرد امنیتی در این حوزه موجب نتایج ناپسند تری می شود.
جوادی یگانه تاکید کرد: باید با تلاش روندی را دنبال کنیم که منجر به کاهش کار کودکان خصوصا کودکان زباله گرد شود و با کمک هم شهر و کشور را به سمتی ببریم که در آن کودکان تحصیل و کودکی کنند.
خبرنگار: علی سی پیFold down the upper corners. Click where you want the koala to move to collect as many leaves as possible. apa in text citation paraphrase no date Choose a piece of paper with the right weight. A second force that planes need to overcome is "gravity. Do bigger planes fly further?
They build, test, and maintain parts for air and spacecraft, and assemble, test, and maintain the vehicles as well. If the plane has a tendency to barrel straight into the ground, there may be an issue with the back portion of the wings. custom writing bay jeeps This will form the wings of the plane.
Apply pressure to each crease you make and go over it a couple times. Determine whether the distance a paper plane flies is affected by increasing how much drag it experiences. help my essay favourite personality father John Collins, The Paper Airplane Guy , has studied both origami and aerodynamics to design planes that set world records.
Best writing paper airplane design for distance sample research proposal university of sydney
Get the things you will need for this project like: This is the independent variable. Do not reuse paper that has been folded. I will be changing the wing size. Fold the triangular flap at the bottom up and over the angled folds you just made to secure them.
Time 60 Score 0. Most paper airplane folding instructions are given with 8. This force is called drag.
Go somewhere with plenty of space and give your new airplane a toss. A long flight occurs when these four forces — drag, gravity, thrust, and lift — are balanced. How easily an airplane moves through the air, or its aerodynamics, is the first consideration in making an airplane fly for a long distance. At the Smithsonian Visit.
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Not Helpful 61 Helpful Not Helpful 60 Helpful In , one of his designs, thrown by professional football player Joe Ayoob, broke the Guinness world record for the farthest distance flown. A force is something that pushes or pulls on something else. creative writing service year 6 ideas While the plane is flying forward, air is moving over and under the wings and is providing a force called lift to the plane.
Make sure the tip of the small triangular piece is lined up with the center crease. View feedback on this project from other users. help me to write an essay perfectly Press the creases to hold them in place. Don't throw paper airplanes at people, especially if they have pointed noses. And why does a paper plane finally land?
Aviation Inspector Aviation inspectors are critical to ensuring that aircraft are safe to fly. However, you must keep the weight and drag in check to avoid flight failure. research thesis dedication Watching it float and glide in the air gives you a very satisfying and happy feeling. You can find this page online at: Science Age of Humans.
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All it takes is a couple minutes and a steady hand. Finally, the weight of the paper plane affects its flight and brings it to a landing. Use a single fresh sheet of paper to make a single paper airplane. Please log in or create a free account to let us know how things went. As a rule, the smoother the paper, the better it will take a fold.
Science Buddies materials are free for everyone to use, thanks to the support of our sponsors. This was his e-mail to her:. Fold the paper in half lengthwise, then unfold. Do you feel the air?سه شنبه ۱۶ آذر ۱۴۰۰ - ۷ دسامبر ۲۰۲۱
از سوی دیگر، آنها که خواستار مبارزه بودند اما با کار چریکی "جدا از توده" مخالفت میورزیدند، چه کردند و به کجا رفتند؟ آیا آنها توانستند با استفاده از شیوه های مبارزاتی خودشان با "توده" رابطه برقرار کنند؟ در آستانه انقلاب و سالهای نخست پس از پیرو
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是心物二元论的哲学，已经感到根深的趣味， 得了很大的启发，真使我心向往之了。向往唯物主义是因为唯物主义是同现 实生活的实际相一致的，毛泽东从自己亲身经历的社会实践中积累了丰富的 经验，一旦接触到了唯物主义理论，即同自己的思想一拍即合了。所以，毛 泽东实现向唯物主义的转变，一是吸收了有关书籍中的合理的唯物主义思 想，特别是 1920 年学习的有关马克思主义的著作，二是自己实践经验的升 华。1920 年，蔡和森给毛泽东写了一封详谈历史唯物主义的信，毛泽东看后
① 《西行漫记》第 122 页。
回信说：“唯物史观是吾党哲学的根据，这是事实，不象唯理观之不能证实 而容易被人动摇。我固无研究，但我现在不承认无政府的原理是可以证实的 原理，有很强固的理由，??你这一封信见地极当，我没有一个字不赞成”。
②这就是说，毛泽东完全接受了唯物史观，确立了唯物主义哲学世界观。这里 所谓“我固无研究”是指没有对唯物主义历史观进行集中的专门研究，没有 形成自己的理论体系，但这并不妨碍他确立对唯物主义哲学世界观的信仰。 毛泽东的辩证唯物主义和共产主义的世界观是在社会实践中经受了各种 思想激烈交锋之后确立起来的，所以，一旦确立之后，就在理论上不可动摇， 在实践上一往直前。毛泽东回忆说：“一九二○年冬天，我第一次在政治上 把工人们组织起来，在这项工作中我开始受到马克思主义理论和俄国革命历 史的影响的指引。??，我一旦接受了马克思主义对历史的正确解释以后， 我对马克思主义的信仰就没有动摇过。”①从此，毛泽东就愈加发奋学习马克 思主义，无论工作如何繁忙，或即在长征途中极端恶劣的环境中，只要能搜 集到马克思主义的书籍，毛泽东都视为珍宝，都认真阅读。随着革命运动的 发展和历史的进步，毛泽东就愈加全面地熟练地掌握并运用马克思主义了。 毛泽东生在农村，从小在农村长大，13 岁时还参加了三年的农业劳动， 普遍接触了农民，熟悉农村生活，深刻感受到了穷苦农民受压迫受剥削的悲 惨生活；对敢于起来反抗政府衙门压迫的农民英雄、农民领袖，毛泽东都表 示极大的同情和尊敬。可见，毛泽东从小就同农民和农村结下了不解之缘， 即使在读旧小说和故事书的时候，也会想到这书里“为什么没有种田的农
民？”而为农民抱不平，立志长大了要为农民写书。
在长沙上学期间，毛泽东利用节假日，以“游学”的方式进行农村考察， 了解农村的地理历史、风俗人情，调查农民的生产、生活状况。为了消除农 民的贫困和社会的不平等，毛泽东曾设想过一种“新社会生活”，设想建立 一种农民“新村”，在这种“新村”里，大家共同劳动，平均分配，彼此平 等和谐地生活在一起，没有压迫，没有剥削。这实际就是农民向往的平均主 义的共产主义。这说明毛泽东真是了解农民、熟悉农民、代表农民，毛泽东 同农民血肉相联，哀乐与共。
师范毕业后，为了寻找救国救民的道路，毛泽东送走一批批同学、朋友
出国学习考察，而自己却留下来，为的是要进一步了解中国这个社会。所以， 一有机会，毛泽东就深入农村、工厂，了解农民、工人的状况，同工人、农 民交朋友，和工人、农民探讨改造中国的道路。对此，毛泽东曾解释过，他 说：“我觉得我们要有人到外国去，看些新东西，学些新道理，研究些有用 的学问，拿回来改造我们的国家。同时也要有人留在本国，研究本国问题。 我觉得关于自己的国家，我所知道的还太少，假使我把时间花费在本国，则 对本国更为有利。”还说：“吾人如果要在现今的世界稍为尽一点力，当然 脱不开‘中国’这个地盘。关于这地盘内的情况，似不可不加以实地的调查 及研究”。①从这里可以看到毛泽东崇高的爱国主义精神和强烈的民族责任 感。毛泽东不被大潮所裹掖，在任何时候都坚持独立思考，坚持走自己的路， 自主地选择一条最能适合自己而又最有效的挽救民族危亡的道路。毛泽东立
② 《毛泽东书信选集》第 15 页。
① 《西行漫记》第 131 页。
① 《青年毛泽东》第 91—92 页。
志要改造中国和世界，而改造世界必须从改造中国做起；要改造中国，必须 对中国这个社会有深刻的了解，不然，对自己所要改造的对象为何物都认识 不清楚，这种改造是决不会有好效果的。只有对自己所要改造的对象了解清 楚，并又掌握了改造的锐利武器，才能达到有效的改造之目的。这个改造中 国的锐利武器就是马克思主义。毛泽东既掌握了马克思主义这一改造中国的 锐利武器，而又深刻了解了所要改造的中国社会，因此，只有毛泽东才能完 成改造中国社会这一伟大的历史使命。《毛泽东选集》里的大批文章，都是 毛泽东运用马克思主义这一锐利武器，调查、研究中国社会的实际情况所写 出来的，都是马克思主义与中国革命实际相结全的产物。
正是毛泽东既掌握马克思主义，又熟悉中国社会，才能有效地把马克思 主义运用到中国，指导中国的革命实践，把马克思主义普遍真理同中国革命 具体实践结合起来，走中国自己的路，取得了中国革命的伟大胜利，完成了 列宁指出的艰巨而又崇高的历史使命。1941 年，毛泽东在《改造我们的学习》 一文中总结说：“中国共产党的二十年，就是马克思列宁主义的普遍真理和 中国革命具体实践日益结合的二十年。如果我们回想一下，我党在幼年时期， 我们对马克思列宁主义的认识和对于中国革命的认识是何等肤浅，何等贫 乏，则现在我们对于这些的认识是深刻得多了、丰富得多了”。①又说“马克 思列宁主义的普遍真理一经和中国革命的具体实践相结合，就使中国革命的 面目为之一新”。②当然，毛泽东在这里只是说“深刻得多了，丰富得多了”， 而不是说已经根深刻、很丰富了，这也就是说，还需要继续深入，不断丰富。 为此，毛泽东及时指出当时存在的妨碍我党深入学习马克思列宁主义和深入 了解中国社会实际的缺点，这就是不注意对中国现状和中国社会历史的研 究，不注重马克思列宁主义的应用，而只知道死记硬背马克思列宁的字句。 为了克服这些缺点，毛泽东反复强调要有理论联系实际的科学的马克思列宁 主义的态度，也就是运用马克思列宁主义的理论，深入了解中国社会的现状 和中国社会的历史。学习马克思列宁主义不是为了好看，而是为了解决中国 革命的理论问题和策略问题，并形象地把马克思列宁主义与中国革命的关系 比作‘矢’与“的”的关系，“‘的’就是中国革命，‘矢’就是马克思列 宁主义。我们中国共产党人所以要找这根‘矢’，就是为了要射中国革命和 东方革命这个‘的’的。”③毛泽东不仅自己最好地掌握了马克思列宁主义这 根“矢”，最准确地射中了中国革命这个“的”，而且教育全党和全国人民 都要拿起这根“矢”，去射这个“的”。毛泽东的伟大就在于善于运用马克 思列宁主义这根“矢”，去射中国革命这个“的”，善于把马克思列宁主义 与中国革命具体实践有机地结合起来，敢于并善于走自己的路，这是一种顶 天立地的中华民族的伟大精神，有了这种精神，才能领导中国人民取得中国 革命的伟大胜利，才能完成历史赋予的伟大使命。
邓小平同志曾总结说：“中国革命为什么能取得胜利
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onath, someone I have had the great pleasure of learning from and with about the interface of humans and technology. And we’ll be talking this afternoon about “Costly Truths and Valuable Deceptions: How Communication Evolves in a Rapidly Changing World.” Before I officially introduce Judith here, I want to to give a few words of thank you, and I want to turn it over to our partner, the AAAS, here, but we have to thank the AAAS, and Clal and the John Templeton Foundation for funding this wonderful series of webinars and this whole initiative about science education for Jewish professionals.
So, Judith Donath synthesizes knowledge from urban design, evolutionary biology and cognitive science to design innovative interfaces for online communities and virtual identities. She’s the author of The Social Machine: Designs for Living Online (MIT Press) and is known for her writing on identity, interface design and social communication. Formerly director of the MIT Media Lab Sociable Media Group, she’s the creator of many pioneering online social applications, and currently she’s an advisor at Harvard’s Berkman-Klein Center, and is working on a book about technology, trust and deception. She has received her doctoral and master’s degrees in Media Arts and Sciences from MIT, and a bachelor’s degree in history from Yale University.
This presentation will focus on the importance of these topics in human flourishing, which is what the focus is of this series of webinars. So Dr. Donath, I’m going to turn it over to you, and we’re excited to learn from you.
Judith Donath: All right, well thank you very much. So we’ll see at the end whether you think it’s about enhancing human flourishing or diminishing it.
So, let’s start with this. This is a fairly old technology – this is the type of hand-written date book that was very common until recently. And one of the things I just want to note here is towards the bottom, where it says “birthday party”. This is from, I think, sometime in the 80’s. But I remember, year after year, getting a new calendar and writing in all the new birthdays every year. It took a lot of effort, but one of the things it rewarded was if somebody said “happy birthday” to you, you knew that they had actually made a fair amount of effort to remember your birthday.
Several years ago, when I was still teaching at the Media Lab, one of my students made a project where – it was a little bit like Twitter, in that you would sort of make these different entries and people would follow you, but instead of using text, it used graphics. And you could make a graphic about anything and share it with people, and you’d follow different people. And what I want to point out here is this one on the upper left that says “birthday.” It was one of the girls who was using this technology. And what this label is is, “how people found out about my birthday” – this is in 2008 – and two people found out about her birthday through her, a couple through another friend, two from her calendar, two actually remembered, and the rest all got it from Facebook.
So this is a fairly big change in how people remember something like birthdays. It doesn’t necessarily sound like a big deal, but it’s an example of the ways that a technology can have much bigger repercussions in terms of how we communicate than one would necessarily recognize. So today it’s one of the things that, for those of us who on Facebook at least, which is now, you know, a fairly large percentage of the world’s population, you get a reminder every day of all your friends whose birthdays it is. There’s a likelihood that you’ve had the experience of having, you know, tons of people send you a happy birthday greeting.
And one of the things that this has done is – it has certainly made it more efficient to remember things like birthdays, but at the same time, it’s kind of removed a lot of the meaning from it, because back in the day, when you had to remember the birthday, you – it was a signal that you had cared enough to find out someone’s birthday, to remember it, and to get in touch with them.
Today there’s, for instance, there’s programs that people sign up for that says “send all my friends happy birthday greetings on their birthday.” You certainly never miss the birthday again, but in the end, the actual meaning has been eroded. So, as an example, that’s also one of the ways it’s very easy, if I asked you “Is this a good thing or bad thing,” given the way I just told that story about the technology, it’s quite easy to say “well, this is just another example of technology ruining things.” “You know, all these these birthday greetings, they’re meaningless.” You know, “Technology has made this sort of thing empty.” And that certainly is one way of looking at it.
On the other hand, if you look at the ways people actually use this, some people use it automatically, on the other hand, many, many people say that they are in touch with hundreds of people they would have otherwise lost touch with, because of technology such as Facebook. And one of the functions of these things is that it provides the catalyst for people to talk to each other. If I haven’t been in touch with someone who are you or her, for several years, and they’ve written “happy birthday” to me, it would be hard for me to, out of the blue, start a conversation, but I might think “oh, you know, I should in touch with them.” It gives me that excuse to do it.
So even as a social intervention, it has changed how the ritual of the birthday functions. It has changed the meaning of remembering. It has made it easier to be in touch, while making remembering less important. So we can look at the technology as a change, but it is not necessarily for the better or for the worse. And you could tell that story either way, but the reality lies in the somewhat more complicated middle.
How do people make sense of each other?
So I’d like to talk a little bit about how I got into this kind of work, and the big picture that I’m interested in is in this question of “How does technology change society?”. And as Rabbi Mitelman mentioned, my background originally is in history, but I’ve also worked for many years as a designer, doing experimental social interfaces, social visualizations, etc.
And the big questions that I’m interested in with new technologies, the underlying ones, are: what do people really want to do? What are the things they want to know about each other? How do they want to interact? What are they trying to achieve? What makes society function well? And in terms of the technologies specifically, how do they actually use the technologies? How does it affect their interaction?
And for me, in my work, the key underlying question is around identity. How do people make sense of each other? When you meet someone, as you get to know somebody, what are the ways – when you think about it, we don’t really see that much of each other. You know, when you meet someone, you see something of their parents, we’ve known them for a little while, you know a little bit about what they do, but we somehow manage to form a much bigger, more well-rounded impression of each other through things we fill in, inferences that we make. We try and control how others see us by trying to manage that impression.
And I’m interested both in what is that praxis of filling out that view we have of each other, how it affects how we behave with each other – in particular, how technology changes this. Because if you think about the ways we meet or interact with people, for instance, online or through different technologies, the cues we get to see of each other are quite different. So while the people themselves are the same, the cues that we are able to perceive are quite different. And so in my design work, I’ve worked a lot in figuring out what are some interesting ways to add to that information, to understand the balance of how much should people be able to control their impression, versus when does that veer into the realm of deception?
And that tension, between making an impression and assessing it, I think, underlies a great deal of how we communicate, in ways that aren’t always well understood. In general, we want to make the most advantageous impression that we can. Now, by advantageous, that doesn’t always mean a good impression. There are times when somebody might want to seem intimidating or needy. It doesn’t necessarily mean you actually seem “at your best,” but there is some advantageous impression one is trying to make, and the others are trying to figure out what is actually going on, or what they can expect.
And this tension exists wherever there is some kind of different goals among people. It can be very, very subtle – you know, just the tensions that can be between friends with slightly different goals – or they can be a matter of life and death. On the subtle side, even if you see a friend, you may greet them quickly, say “how are you,” and your friend says, you know, “everything’s great.” And you look at them and you think to yourself, “maybe you look a little bit tired.” That’s, you know, a simple everyday – we have encounters like this many many times a day, between “maybe they’re just a little tired, it’s not a big deal,” [or] “maybe there’s something bothering them that they’ve chosen to hide.”
But we do have a sort of tension between how we are perceived and how others want to see us. On the other hand, this kind of tension between impression and the perception of others can have even a life-and-death difference. A sort of also, seemingly mundane, example is – your doorbell rings, and it’s someone who says “Hi, I’m from the gas meter company, and we need to check something – check the readings in your basement.” Do you let this person in?
You know, most of the time, this is a completely innocuous interaction. But a couple of years ago, I know, in New York, in Queens, there were examples of people who are coming into rob houses, using the excuse that they were meter readers. So there, you have a false impression, where mistakenly believing it could have very dire consequences.
In the world of most communication research, these issues around sort of impression-making and assessing, and particularly that deception element of it, haven’t been all that central. If you look fields such as semiotics and linguistics, it really doesn’t come into play at all.
But one field where it’s been very central is in the world of evolutionary biology. And there, among the world of animals, there’s certainly very similar tensions. Here’s an example, it’s a quite interesting one. This is a gazelle and it’s doing something called “stotting”. And this is the reaction that Thomson’s Gazelles and some other forms of gazelles have when they see a predator. It turns out that the strongest of the gazelles do not do, and the fastest ones don’t do, what you would expect them to do when they spot, say, a set of dogs that are predators to them coming. They don’t run off as fast as possible. The fastest ones stay in place and jump up and down for quite a while.
And what’s interesting is, most of the predators don’t run after the ones that are doing that, even though you would think “this is a rather tantalizing meal sitting here.” You know, “other gazelles are running away, and here’s one that’s just staying in place.” And the way that biologists understand this now is that stotting is what’s called a “costly signal.” Which means that it is signaling that it is the strongest and the fastest, and it is doing that by spending – wasting a resource that it has.
In this case, the resource is time. That if you are a slower gazelle, you don’t have that time to be in one place; you have to take off and run. And it turns out that the predators do seem to understand this, and it looks like they have – it’s not something they’re inborn learning, but they’ve learned it from experience – they don’t go after the ones that are stotting. They know that once they get close enough, they will run off, and those are so fast that they can escape.
What’s also interesting is that it’s beneficial to all the gazelles, because it also works very well as an alarm call. Now, if you’re a slower gazelle, you can’t afford to do that. And so something like that, where you can signal, in a way, that you have some resources by wasting [them] to show how much your abundance of it is, is one example of a form of communication that is inherently reliable.
And so, what I’m interested in doing is looking at how we can take this model of communication, which is effectively a economic model of what keeps communication honest enough to function, and apply it to a larger picture of human communication. And I’ll give you a very quick introduction, because I think we don’t have time for a full – that’s why I’m writing a book – a full introduction to the theory of signaling. But I’ll give you some of the basics and then we’re going to look at some examples around the areas of ethics and technology.
And so, first, if we think about “what is a signal?”, is that most of what people or animals want to know about each other are qualities that are not immediately apparent. In this case, it’s how fast you are. It could be how kind you are, how smart you are, any kind of intention that you have. But we rely instead on perceivable signals of these otherwise hidden qualities. And signaling theory is interested in the relationship between the signal and the quality. In particular, why some signals are reliable indicators of others, whereas others may still be used, but they’re less reliable. And basically, a signal is reliable if it is – if it can be given, if it’s affordable to be given, by someone who does it honestly, and unaffordable to those who don’t actually have quality.
And there are all kinds of other elements that go into this economics, because sometimes we use signals that are not – there’s not such a strict, hard cutoff, and so some may be less reliable, they rely on the receivers to punish those who have turned out not to be as honest as they would like them to be. Some of it just can be accepted because it may not be so bad to be deceived. While this theory has been used a lot in biology, it’s starting to come into the world of technology, etc.
I think one of the more interesting examples is a researcher named Richard Sosis, who has looked into religious communities, particularly – especially Jewish communities, but a whole number of different religions – his work is in the evolution of religion. And he’s interested in “What is the value of the costly signal?”.
So one of the examples of what he looks at are things like “why do particular religious groups have what’s called ‘costly badges’?” So, for instance, here’s an example of an Orthodox community where people dress very differently than everyone around them. They, you know, if you’re in Israel on a swelteringly hot day, and there’s a number of people wearing fur hats around you, it’s clearly some kind of costly signal of commitment to a particular way of identifying yourself.
And he looks at the value of how the particular costliness varies by the amount of trust within these different groups. He has a paper that’s probably one of my favorite titles for a paper ever, and it’s called “Why are Jewish synagogue services so long?”. And his explanation of it, among other things, is that the length of the service seems very long if you are an outsider. If you’re not learned in Jewish theology, and you walk into a synagogue, and, you know, it’s a Saturday, and it’s five hours in Hebrew, much of it seemingly mumbled, it will be five hours in which you’re sitting there, fairly confused. Even if you understand the Hebrew, but you don’t really know the material in depth, it would still feel like it’s going on for a very long time.
If, on the other hand, you have spent your life studying the minutiae of the Mishna and the Torah, and you know every week’s reading very well, and you know the slight differences in prayers that are said from one holiday to another, that five hours goes much faster because there’s so much more of interest to you, and so one of his theories is that, as a costly signal, that’s one of the ways it can differentiate, because the time spent is perceived very differently by those who are actually insiders and those who are not.
And I think you can see similar examples outside of the world of religion. If you look at, say, avant-g
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-invasive, continuous measurement of MICROCIRCULATION. The technique is based on the values of the DOPPLER EFFECT of low-power laser light scattered randomly by static structures and moving tissue particulates.Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.Heart Rate: The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Blood Gas Analysis: Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.Radioisotopes: Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.Oxygen Consumption: The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)Nitrogen Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of nitrogen that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. N atoms with atomic weights 12, 13, 16, 17, and 18 are radioactive nitrogen isotopes.Tomography, Emission-Computed: Tomography using radioactive emissions from injected RADIONUCLIDES and computer ALGORITHMS to reconstruct an image.Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio: The ratio of alveolar ventilation to simultaneous alveolar capillary blood flow in any part of the lung. (Stedman, 25th ed)Oxygen Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of oxygen that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. O atoms with atomic weights 13, 14, 15, 19, and 20 are radioactive oxygen isotopes.Kidney: Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Hindlimb: Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.Microcirculation: The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.Nursing, Team: Coordination of nursing services by various nursing care personnel under the leadership of a professional nurse. The team may consist of a professional nurse, nurses' aides, and the practical nurse.Immersion: The placing of a body or a part thereof into a liquid.Vasoconstriction: The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Partial Pressure: The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Models, Cardiovascular: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.Iliac Artery: Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall and legs.Blood Volume: Volume of circulating BLOOD. It is the sum of the PLASMA VOLUME and ERYTHROCYTE VOLUME.Renal Artery: A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.Ischemia: A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.Vasodilation: The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Pulmonary Gas Exchange: The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.Vasodilator Agents: Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.Supine Position: The posture of an individual lying face up.Anesthesia, Inhalation: Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Methylococcus: A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, spherical cells usually occurring in pairs. The resting stage is considered a cyst. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)Aphasia: A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.Collateral Circulation: Maintenance of blood flow to an organ despite obstruction of a principal vessel. Blood flow is maintained through small vessels.Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Desulfuromonas: A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, nonsporeforming bacteria in the family Desulfuromonadaceae. It is found in anoxic marine sediments.Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts: Chronic refractory anemia with granulocytopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia. Myeloblasts and progranulocytes constitute 5 to 40 percent of the nucleated marrow cells.Infusions, Parenteral: The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.Mesenteric Arteries: Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.Cats: The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)Flow Cytometry: Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon: A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.Forearm: Part of the arm in humans and primates extending from the ELBOW to the WRIST.Sympathetic Nervous System: The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Sheep: Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.Momordica: A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE. It is a source of momordin.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Injections, Intravenous: Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.Nitric Oxide Synthase: An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.Pulsatile Flow: Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow.T-Box Domain Proteins: Proteins containing a region of conserved sequence, about 200 amino acids long, which encodes a particular sequence specific DNA binding domain (the T-box domain). These proteins are transcription factors that control developmental pathways. The prototype of this family is the mouse Brachyury (or T) gene product.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Coronary Vessels: The veins and arteries of the HEART.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Myocardial Contraction: Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.Capillaries: The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules.Blood DonorsEnzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Myocardial Infarction: NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).Coronary Disease: An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.Rheology: The study of the deformation and flow of matter, usually liquids or fluids, and of the plastic flow of solids. The concept covers consistency, dilatancy, liquefaction, resistance to flow, shearing, thixotrophy, and VISCOSITY.Anoxia: Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.Hyperemia: The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).Ultrasonography, Doppler: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.Gene Flow: The change in gene frequency in a population due to migration of gametes or individuals (ANIMAL MIGRATION) across population barriers. In contrast, in GENETIC DRIFT the cause of gene frequency changes are not a result of population or gamete movement.Blood Circulation Time: Determination of the shortest time interval between the injection of a substance in the vein and its arrival at some distant site in sufficient concentration to produce a recognizable end result. It represents approximately the inverse of the average velocity of blood flow between two points.Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region
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�لا ته داستان را من به تو می گویم؛ کیومرث می میرد. داستان این چگونگی را نقل می کند. تعلیق همین است. تعلیق این است که مخاطب بداند ته قصه چه می شود. یا اصلا مخاطب به اینکه ته قصه چه می شود توجه ندارد، بلکه تعلیق این است که به چگونگی نقل روایت و آفرینش هنر نگاه دارد؛ به لحظه ای که اثر هنری پخش می شود. مثلا فیلم پنجره پشتی هیچکاک پر از دلهره و تعلیق است؛ به حساب اینکه در هر لحظه نسبت به اتفاقات حساسی؛ مستقل از اینکه ته داستان، همسایه روبه رو قاتل است یا نه. در اثر هنری هر لحظه اهمیت دارد، اینطور نیست که ما یک مشت چرت و پرت را سر هم کنیم تا برسیم به آن نقطه اوج یا نقطه طلایی، بلکه هر لحظه جزئی از فرم و لحظه طلایی است.
کتاب بعدی تان در همین راستا خواهد بود؟ به طور کلی زمینه هایی که مایلید بعد از تیلم در آن قلم بزنید چیست؟
هنوز یک کلمه هم ننوشته ام. باید ببینم چه کاره ام؛ حتما درباره یک آدم آرمان خواه دیگر است. بعید است به انقلاب اسلامی برسم. باید دهه 50 را خوب نگاه کنم، این دهه خیلی حرف برای گفتن دارد.
منبع: وطن امروز/ فردین آریشAlmanya’da bugün yapılan genel seçimde Hristiyan Demokrat Parti (CDU) ile Sosyal Demokrat Partisi 2013 Almanya Federal Seçimleri’nden sonra yüzde 15 oy oranında oy kaybetti. Aşırı sağcılar İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra ilk kez meclise girdi.
Almanya’daki genel seçimin galibi Başbakan Angela Merkel’in liderliğindeki Hristiyan Demokrat Birlik Partisi (CDU) oldu. Sandık çıkış anketine göre Hristiyan Birlik Partileri (CDU/CSU) yüzde 32,5 oy aldı. Sosyal Demokratlar yüzde 20 oyla sandıktan ikinci parti olarak çıktı. Aşırı sağcı (AfD) partisi yüzde 13.5 oy oranı ile ilk kez meclise girdi.
Angela Merkel 2013 Almanya Federal Seçimleri’nde yüzde 41.5 oranında oy almıştı. Merkel 9 puan oy kaybeti. SPD ise yüzde 25.7 oranında oy almıştı, bu seçimde 5.7 puan kayıp yaşayarak İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra en düşük oyunu aldı.
Aşırı sağın yükselişe geçtiği Almanya’da AfD yüzde 13,5 oy oranı ile İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra ilk kez meclise girdi.
Alternatif (AfD) ve Hür Demokrat Parti, göçmen karşıtı politikaları ile tanınıyor.
FDP üçüncü Yeşiller dördüncü oldu
Anket sonuçlarına göre FDP de yüzde 10,5 ile dördüncü parti olacak ve yeniden meclise girecek. Yeşiller yüzde 9,5 ile beşinci sırada yer alırken, Sol Parti de yüzde 9 oy oranına ulaşarak meclise girdi.
ARD’nin sandık çıkış anketlerine göre Almanya Federal Meclisi’nde milletvekili dağılımı ise şu şekilde: CDU ve CSU 216, SPD 133, AfD 89, FDP 70, Yeşiller 63, Sol Pati 60.(Habertürk)One of the biggest penguin colonies in the world was hiding in poop sight.
Thanks to a whole lot of guano showing up in pictures from space, researchers have discovered an unknown group of 1.5 million Adélie penguins. Their study about it appears in the journal Nature Scientific Reports.
Scientists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) wanted to get a better handle on the population of Antarctic Adélie penguins, which were believed to have been in decline over the past 40 years. So they turned to satellite imagery, looking for the poo that is a telltale sign of penguins.
The sat pictures showed guano in an archipelago called the Danger Islands, a place never before studied as a possible penguin perch. Following that 2014 sighting, a group of scientists went down there to see how many Adélies were around. They tallied birds by hand and also modified drones to fly over and photograph the area, then fed those images into a neural net that could look for penguin nests.
The study authors write: "Our survey reveals that the Danger Islands host 751,527 pairs of Adélie penguins, more than the rest of [Antarctic Peninsula] region combined, and include the third and fourth largest Adélie penguin colonies in the world."
Coauthor Michael Polito of LSU says in the press release: "Not only do the Danger Islands hold the largest population of Adélie penguins on the Antarctic Peninsula, they also appear to have not suffered the population declines found along the western side of Antarctic Peninsula that are associated with recent climate change."
The researchers call for the Danger Islands to be carefully studied and protected, as the area is "an important hotspot for avian abundance under projected climate change."Münih - Berlin arası ucuz tren seyahati
Münih ile Berlin arasındaki mesafe 467 dir Kilometre
Çevreyi, Karbon cinsinden
71
% Münih - Berlin arasında Trenler tarafından değil, Uçakla seyahat ediyorsanız Karbon ayak izi cinsinden
Çevreyi, Karbon cinsinden
60
% ile karbon emisyonu arasında seyahat ediyorsanız ayak izi: Trenlerle vs Münih ile Berlin arasında seyahat ediyorsanız Arabalar
Kalkıyor Tren İstasyonu: Münih Merkez Istasyonu
Tren istasyonu Münih merkezinde bulunuyor
Varış Tren İstasyonu: Berlin Merkez Istasyonu
Tren istasyonu Berlin merkezinde bulunuyor
Tren biletinizi kalkış tarihinizden 3 ay önce Münih ile Berlin arasında sipariş edebilirsiniz
Save A Train, eğlence amaçlı seyahat edenler ve iş amaçlı seyahat edenler için tüm Tren seyahati ihtiyaçları için İlk ve En Ucuzudur
Tren geziniz için Berlin a bu ödeme koşullarını kullanarak Mastercard, Visa, American Express, Maestro kredi kartlarını ve ayrıca aşağıdaki alternatif ödeme yöntemlerini kullanarak ödeme yapabilirsiniz: Paypal, Alipay, WeChat, Trustly, Ideal, Sofort and Daha.
Unutma, trenle seyahat etmenin özellikle Münih ile Berlin arası seyahat etmeyi seviyorsan, çok güzel bir deneyim.
Münih şehrinden Berlin arası tren seyahatinizin nasıl görüneceğini görün
Berlin a Gittiğiniz Seyahat Hakkında Daha Fazla Bilgi
Berlin hem bölge hem de nüfus bakımından Almanya'nın başkenti ve en büyük şehridir. 3.769.495 (2019) sakinleri onu Avrupa Birliği'ne en uygun şehir haline getirmektedir. Şehir, Almanya'nın 16 federal eyaletinden biridir. Brandenburg eyaleti ile çevrilidir ve Brandenburg'un başkenti Potsdam ile bitişiktir. İki şehir, yaklaşık altı milyon nüfusu ve 30.000 km²'den fazla bir alanı olan Berlin-Brandenburg başkentinin merkezinde, Ren-Ruhr ve Ren-Main bölgelerinden sonra Almanya'nın üçüncü büyük metropol bölgesidir.
Münih Hakkında Ek Bilgi
Münih (MEW-nik; Almanca: München [ˈmʏnçn̩]; Austro-Bavyeralı: Minga [ˈmɪŋ (ː) ɐ]; Sloven: Monakovo; Latin: Monachium; İtalyanca: Monaco di Baviera) Bavyera'nın başkenti ve en kalabalık şehridir, ikinci en kalabalık Alman federal devleti. Yaklaşık 1,5 milyon nüfusu ile, Berlin ve Hamburg'dan sonra Almanya'nın üçüncü büyük şehri ve dolayısıyla kendi devletini oluşturmayan en büyük şehir ve Avrupa Birliği'nin 11. büyük şehri. Şehrin büyükşehir bölgesi 6 milyon kişiye ev sahipliği yapıyor. Bavyera Alpleri'nin kuzeyindeki Isar Nehri'nin (Tuna Nehri'nin bir kolu) kıyısında yer alan otel, Yukarı Bavyera'nın Bavyera idari bölgesinin koltuğudur ve Almanya'daki en yoğun nüfuslu belediyedir (km² başına 4.500 kişi).
Almanya trenin görüntüleri
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2 / 5
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5 / 5
Fransa, İtalya, Hollanda, Lüksemburg, Avusturya, Almanya, Belçika, İsviçre, Danimarka, İsveç, Norveç ve Macaristanda tren bileti hizmeti veriyoruz
Münih noktasından diğer tren yolculukları:
Neden trenle seyahat etmelisiniz?
Münih ila Berlin arasında seyahat etmek için, çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı trenler en iyi seyahat seçeneği olacaktır:
2. Hız - Trenle seyahat etmek çoğu durumda Münih - Berlin arası en hızlı yoldur.
3. Güvenlik - Seyahate karar verdiğinizde, gideceğiniz yere güvenli bir şekilde gideceğinizi bilmek istersiniz, bu yüzden neden son verilere göre en güvenli seyahat yolunu seçmeyesiniz? trenler en güvenli ulaşım şeklidir.
A. Havaalanına uçuş öncesi gelmesi gereken zamanı hesaplayın, zaman para demektir.
B. Havaalanına gidip gelmenin maliyeti.
C. Hedefinize hava yoluyla indiğinizde, havaalanını tekrar çeviren paraya kadar boşa harcadığınız zaman.
D. Hedef şehre geri döndüğünüzde bu size hem zaman hem de maliyet demektir.
Münih - Berlin seyahat ederken trenlerin maliyeti her zaman daha azdır, bu yüzden her şeyi hesaplamayı unutmayın.
5. Bagaj - Trenle seyahat ettiğinizde ekstra bagaj için ücret ödemeniz gerekmez.
6. Zaman - Normalde şehrin ortasında olan trene bindiğiniz anda, seyahatinize ba
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1992, il nostro popolo non potrà mai vedere pace e prosperità!
- Categoria: Articolo
- Scritto da Partito della Solidarietà dell'Afghanistan
- Pubblicato: Giovedì, 05 Maggio 2016
Nonostante siano ormai passati molti anni da quei giorni bui del 27 aprile 1978 e 28 aprile 1992 (ndt. ingresso dei jihadisti a Kabul, inizio della guerra civile), il popolo afghano sta ancora pagando le conseguenze disastrose di quei due giorni infausti. Quei terribili giorni hanno causato centinaia di migliaia di vittime del nostro paese; milioni di sfollati; la scomparsa di migliaia di esseri umani liberi e consapevoli; lo stupro di bambine di 7 anni e di anziane di 70; la distruzione delle nostre infrastrutture economiche e sociali. Ogni istituzione della nostra nazione è stata saccheggiata e sono state commesse brutalità e depravazioni di ogni genere. Conosciamo i colpevoli: le fazioni Khalqi-Parcham e i leader jihadisti sono le principali cause della distruzione del nostro paese e di quanto succede oggi. E' a causa del loro tradimento che l'Afghanistan è diventato il terreno di scontro tra Pakistan e Iran, e di occupazione permanente per ben quaranta paesi guidati dagli Stati Uniti.
Ma è ancora più doloroso quando gli autori di quelle violenze stanno ancora governando il nostro paese e il destino del popolo afghano, protetti dagli Stati Uniti e dai loro alleati. E ancora sono responsabili di oppressione, avidità e crimini, con la pretesa di definirsi "eroi". I criminali del 28 aprile 1992 , i loro padroni pakistani, arabi e iraniani, hanno trasformato l'Afghanistan in una macelleria e sono così spudorati da non assumersi nemmeno un milionesimo di responsabilità per i crimini commessi. Pensano solo a salvare se stessi dalla giustizia di un tribunale, che li condannerebbe senza appello per le violenze sanguinarie degli ultimi quattro decenni. Se questi crimini non fossero accaduti in Afghanistan, di sicuro il nostro popolo non avrebbe dovuto affrontare il terrore di talebani e ISIS, esplosioni e attentati suicidi, i bombardamenti continui degli Stati Uniti e della NATO.
Il governo dell'Afghanistan è composto da corrotti che con la scusa del "processo di pace" hanno reso omaggio ad assassini talebani e pro-Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, amnistiando i peggiori criminali e liberandoli dal carcere . MA NON C'E' PACE SENZA GIUSTIZIA! Quella giustizia che nel corso degli ultimi decenni è stata sacrificata allo strapotere di oppressori e predatori. Gli attentati suicidi a Kabul e nelle province sono le conseguenze di questa mancanza di giustizia e ancora una volta il popolo afghano ne è la principale vittima. E l'esecutore di queste politiche è proprio il governo mafioso di Abdullah e di Ghani, così come lo è stato Karzai, al servizio di John Kerry e della Casa Bianca. I risultati di queste politiche hanno determinato l'insicurezza nel Nord, soprattutto a Kunduz, e hanno affondato il paese nella violenza, ostilità etniche e religiose, povertà, disoccupazione, crisi ed estremismo: questi sono i risultati di queste politiche demagogiche. Gli Stati Uniti stanno trasformando l'Afghanistan in un centro per il narcotraffico e per il terrorismo internazionale, sperando così di destabilizzare i paesi rivali Cina e Russia. Il popolo afghano sta pagando un caro prezzo per i programmi neo-coloniali degli Stati Uniti...
Finché non riusciremo a cancellare la vergogna del 27 e 28 aprile 1992 non riusciremo a chiudere i conti con i disastri che ne sono scaturiti e non avremo MAI pace e felicità! La cultura dell'impunità per i criminali è la ragione principale per cui il nostro Paese sta affondando nell'oppressione e nel terrore. Uniamoci per liberare il nostro paese dall'oscurità e dalla violenza. Solo l'unità, la lotta e la consapevolezza possono liberare il nostro popolo!
Il Partito della Solidarietà dell'Afghanistan (SPA) chiede il sostegno di tutte le organizzazioni che si battono per la liberta del nostro paese e fa appello per la mobilitazione e la lotta contro tutti i fondamentalismi, contro le le forze reazionarie e contro le ingerenze straniere. L'unità e la lotta sono l'unica via per raggiungere la pace, la giustizia e la democrazia. Solo le nazioni del mondo che si sono ribellate all'ingiustizia hanno vissuto nella sicurezza e nell'orgoglio.
Partito della Solidarietà dell'Afghanistan
26 aprile 2016Contributing to the increased cross-prevalence were persons with hemophilia who had been infected with from contaminated factor VIII concentrate and persons who used intravenous drugs, an activity that transcends all sexual preferences. In 2014, 70% of new HIV infections were reported in homosexual men, and infected heterosexual women outnumber infected heterosexual men nearly two to one.
The HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase converts the viral RNA into DNA, which is compatible to human genetic material, when the virus is inside the cell. This DNA is transported to the cell’s nucleus, where it is spliced into human DNA by the HIV enzyme integrase. The HIV DNA is known as provirus after it is integrated.
Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected. In 2010, an estimated 68% (22.9 million) of all HIV cases and 66% of all deaths (1.2 million) occurred in this region. This means that about 5% of the adult population is infected and it is believed to be the cause of 10% of all deaths in children. Here in contrast to other regions women compose nearly 60% of cases. South Africa has the largest population of people with HIV of any country in the world at 5.9 million. Life expectancy has fallen in the worst-affected countries due to HIV/AIDS; for example, in 2006 it was estimated that it had dropped from 65 to 35 years in Botswana. Mother-to-child transmission, as of 2013, in Botswana and South Africa has decreased to less than 5% with improvement in many other African nations due to improved access to antiretroviral therapy.
HIV is not spread to a person who donates blood or organs. People who donate organs are never in direct contact with the people who receive them. Likewise, a person who donates blood is never in contact with the person receiving it. In all of these procedures, sterile needles and instruments are used.
† During 2008–2015, 20 cities were included; during 2016, 17 cities were included. The following cities were included in all years: Atlanta, Georgia; Boston, Massachusetts; Dallas, Texas; Denver, Colorado; Los Angeles, California; Miami, Florida; Nassau–Suffolk, New York; New Orleans, Louisiana; Newark, New Jersey; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; San Diego, California; San Francisco, California; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Washington, D.C. Additional cities were included as follows: 2008–2015, Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Detroit, Michigan; Houston, Texas; New York City, New York; Seattle, Washington; 2016, Memphis, Tennessee; Portland, Oregon; Virginia Beach/Norfolk, Virginia.
You might not know if you are infected by HIV. Within a few weeks of being infected, some people get fever, headache, sore muscles and joints, stomach ache, swollen lymph glands, or a skin rash for one or two weeks. Most people think it’s the flu. Some people have no symptoms. Fact Sheet 103 has more information on the early stage of HIV infection.
People known to have HIV infection should go to the hospital any time they develop high fever, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, severe diarrhea, severe chest or abdominal pain, generalized weakness, severe headache, seizures, confusion, or a change in mental status. These may indicate a life-threatening condition for which an urgent evaluation in the hospital’s emergency department is recommended. All infected people should be under the regular care of a physician skilled in the treatment of HIV and AIDS.
Jump up ^ Baggaley RF, White RG, Boily MC (December 2008). “Systematic review of orogenital HIV-1 transmission probabilities”. International Journal of Epidemiology. 37 (6): 1255–65. doi:10.1093/ije/dyn151. PMC 2638872 . PMID 18664564.
12. Francioli, P. et al (1982) ‘Acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome, opportunistic infections and homosexuality. Presentation of 3 cases studied in Switzerland’ Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift 112(47):1682-1687
Safer sex behaviors may reduce the risk of acquiring the infection. There is a risk of acquiring the infection even if “safe sex” is practiced with the use of condoms. Abstinence is the only sure way to prevent sexual transmission of the virus.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cholangiopathy has been described in children.25 As in adults, the biliary abnormalities include irregularities of contour and caliber of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts and papillary stenosis. The changes may result from concomitant infection with opportunistic organisms such as cytomegalovirus and Cryptosporidium parvum. Ascariasis infestation may be the most prevalent biliary infection worldwide, although concentrated within tropical climates. Among 214 children admitted to hospital in northern India for management of hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis, 20 (9%) underwent endoscopic and 7 (4%) surgical intervention.26
You don’t actually “get” AIDS. You might get infected with HIV, and later you might develop AIDS. You can get infected with HIV from anyone who’s infected, even if they don’t look sick and even if they haven’t tested HIV-positive yet. The blood, vaginal fluid, semen, and breast milk of people infected with HIV has enough of the virus in it to infect other people. Most people get the HIV virus by:
The most important thing you can do is start antiretroviral treatment as soon as possible. And it’s important to follow up with your doctor regularly. By taking your medications exactly as prescribed, you can keep your viral count low and your immune system strong.
Current HAART options are combinations (or “cocktails”) consisting of at least three medications belonging to at least two types, or “classes,” of antiretroviral agents. Initially treatment is typically a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) plus two nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Typical NRTIs include: zidovudine (AZT) or tenofovir (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC). Combinations of agents which include protease inhibitors (PI) are used if the above regimen loses effectiveness.
Studies of T-cell–replication kinetics have revealed that untreated HIV infection is characterized by rapid T-cell turnover but a defect in T-cell replication from the thymus. [35, 36, 37] These changes can be reversed with effective long-term antiviral therapy, [38, 39] suggesting that they are due to a direct effect of the virus or are a feature of the immune response against HIV.
Ruiz L, van Lunzen J, Arno A, et al. Protease inhibitor-containing regimens compared with nucleoside analogues alone in the suppression of persistent HIV-1 replication in lymphoid tissue. AIDS. 1999 Jan 14. 13(1):F1-8. [Medline].
Do not use intravenous drugs. If IV drugs are used, do not share needles or syringes. Many communities now have needle exchange programs where used syringes can be disposed of and new, sterile needles obtained for free. These programs can also provide referrals to addiction treatment.
All HIV-infected pregnant women should be managed by an obstetrician with experience in dealing with HIV-infected women. Maximal obstetric precautions to minimize transmission of the HIV virus, such as avoiding scalp monitors and minimizing labor after rupture of the uterine membranes, should be observed. In addition, the potential use of an elective Caesarean section (C-section) should be discussed, particularly in those women without good viral control of their HIV infection where the risk of transmission may be increased. Breastfeeding should be avoided if alternative nutrition for the infant is available since HIV transmission can occur by this route. When breastfeeding is done, it should be in conjunction with antiretroviral therapy for the mother if at all possible. Updated guidelines for managing HIV-infected women are updated on a regular basis and can be found at https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB). Symptoms and signs of TB include bloody sputum, fever, cough, weight loss, and chest pain. Treatment depends upon the type of TB infection.
Although researchers were chastened by the realization that the drug regimen was not itself a cure, they recently found three unusual cases that were encouraging enough to make them keep trying. The first was that of Timothy Ray Brown. [redirect url=’http://penetratearticles.info/bump’ sec=’7′]-
ADDRESS广州市中山路536号中山大厦
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工伤认定标准2020
我国规定七种情形为工伤：
(1)在工作时间和工作场所内，因工作原因受到事故伤害的;
(2)工作时间前后在工作场所内，从事与工作有关的预备性或者收尾性工作受到事故伤害的;
(3)在工作时间和工作场所内，因履行工作职责受到暴力等意外伤害的;
(4)患职业病的;
(5)因工外出期内，由于工作原因受到伤害或者发生事故下落不明的;
(6)在上下班途中，受到非本人主要责任的机动车事故伤害的;
(7)法律、行政法规规定应当认定为工伤的其他情形。
规定三种情形可视同工伤：
(1)在工作时间和工作岗位，突发疾病死亡或者在48小时之内经抢救无效死亡的;
(2)在抢险救灾等维护国家利益、公共利益活动中受到伤害的;
(3)职工原在军队服役，因战、因公负伤致残，已取得革命伤�
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的会议（会议主要在武康路2号和锦江饭店举行），只在此个别召见造反派小兄弟，对策划动乱面授机宜。夺权大会结束后，徐景贤多次到兴国招待所向张春桥、姚文元汇报。
张春桥、姚文元还在兴国招待所玩过一次“空城计”。1967年2月5日，上海各造反组织在张春桥、姚文元的策划下，宣告成立仿照巴黎公社的“上海人民公社”，但并没有得到中央的首肯，《人民日报》和新华社均未发布消息，一时谣言四起。
张、姚慌了手脚，赶忙飞赴北京探听虚实。临行前，张春桥告诉徐景贤，不要向外界透露，以防外界对张、姚地位不稳的流言和猜测，更不能给“炮打张春桥”制造口实。于是，徐景贤每天还是像平常一样往兴国招待所跑，造成张、姚仍在上海的假象，同时向在北京的张春桥密报上海动向。
一星期以后，直到“一月夺权”得到肯定（将“上海人民公社”改名为“上海市革命委员会”），张春桥、姚文元才志得意满地回来。
上棉十七厂
上棉十七厂位于杨树浦路2866号，原为日本大阪东洋纺织株式会社的上海工场，建于1921年，1936年改称裕丰纺织株式会社。解放后，这里成为上海第十七棉纺织总厂（又称“国棉十七厂”）。厂内建筑由日本设计师平野勇造设计，清水红砖墙面、锯齿型屋顶和弧形券窗构成了厂房的主要结构特色。如今，这里已经改建为上海国际时尚中心。
上棉十七厂是王洪文造反起家的地方。王洪文原是上棉十七厂的保全工，后来当上了保卫科干事。“文革”初起，王洪文瞅准时机，效仿北大造反女干将聂元梓，把自己与一帮造反派反锁在保卫科办公室，彻夜密谋，贴出了十七厂第一张“炮轰厂党委”的大字报，受到厂党委的批评和工人群众的指责。
1966年6月，王洪文在保卫科门口被工人群众围攻，后被工厂技校的红卫兵救驾。
几年后，他策划组织编写了《上棉十七厂无产阶级文化大革命大事记》，鼓吹上棉十七厂是“文革”工人运动的“发源地”。还特别强调，与厂党委的那场冲突“要详细记载”，并提出要把十七厂夺权时间从1967年1月29日改为1966年11月4日，称十七厂是全国夺权最早的单位，把自己标榜为“一月革命先驱”。
“工总司”成立后，王洪文呼风唤雨，发动“安亭事件”、“康平路事件”，揪斗上海市委领导人。1967年1月12日，张春桥、姚文元和王洪文等再次组织批判大会，揪斗陈丕显、曹荻秋等上海市领导，会后，王洪文采取闪电行动，将陈丕显等人非法关押。
据陈丕显回忆，“车子七拐八绕，把我带到一处地方关起来”，“一夜辗转反侧难眠，听着墙外轧轧作响的机器声，我猜想自己被关押的地方是个棉纺厂。”“后来我才知道，那天关押我的地方正是棉纺厂，是王洪文起家前的‘老窝’上海国棉十七厂。”从此，陈丕显身陷囹圄长达8年，曹荻秋后被迫害致死。
王洪文当上上海市革命委员会副主任后，还兼任上棉十七厂革委会主任。1968年9月14日，张春桥、姚文元和徐景贤在王洪文陪同下来到上棉十七厂，召开整党建党座谈会，亲自把上棉十七厂树立为“文革”中的“红色堡垒”。
报刊上发表了通讯《“红色堡垒”里的革命火车头──记上海国棉十七厂最早杀出来的六个共产党员》，把王洪文塑造成“造反英雄”、“革命火车头”，从此，王洪文在全国名声大噪。党的“十大”时，他从“造反司令”一跃而为中共中央副主席，张春桥在接见上棉十七厂代表时夸奖说：“十七棉出了一个王洪文！”
王洪文对这段造反经历一直洋洋得意，在其授意下，他用过的办公桌、木椅、文件柜都被原封不动地保留下来，连办公桌玻璃板下压的一张选民证也被当作“文物”。1973年10月王洪文升迁后，上海余党王秀珍还组织一帮喽罗骨干专程到这里瞻仰，称进行“革命传统教育”。
1975年10月的一天，王洪文来这间办公室“视察”，对周围人说：“这个办公室是有意义的。”然而，一年以后，上棉十七厂内就贴满了揭批“四人帮”的标语和漫画，王洪文要把他的办公室当作“圣地”保留的美梦彻底破灭。
（本文仅代表作者个人观点。本文编辑：章迪思 编辑邮箱：email@example.com）
https://www.jfdaily.com/news/detail?id=877
發佈評論…Dizziness may cause you to feel light-headed or weak. You may feel like you are going to faint. Dizziness can happen for a short period or be a long-lasting condition that gets in the way of your daily activities. It is different from vertigo , which is a feeling that the room is spinning or rotating while you are still.
Many conditions can cause dizziness such as:
- Orthostatic hypotension , a drop in blood pressure when standing
- Neurological conditions
- Conditions that affect how the heart pumps blood to the body
- Anxiety disorders
- Alcohol or illicit drug use
- Infection or fever
- Head injury
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
Prescription medications can also cause dizziness. These may include:
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- Calcium channel blockers
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
|Blood Flow to the Brain|
|In some cases, dizziness may be due to decreased blood flow to the brain.|
|Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.|
Dizziness is a symptom that may be caused by another condition. There are no specific risk factors for dizziness.
Symptoms depend on the type of dizziness you have. Common symptoms include:
- Nausea or vomiting
- Vision or hearing problems
- Heart palpitations
When Should I Call My Doctor?
Call your doctor if you have:
- Dizziness that increases or gets worse
- Signs of an infection such as fever or chills
- Concern that your medication may be causing dizziness
- Hearing loss
- A headache that occurs with dizziness
- Other symptoms in addition to dizziness
When Should I Call for Medical Help Immediately?
Call for medical help or go to the emergency room right away if you have:
- A head injury
- Rapid, irregular heartbeat, or chest pain
- High fever
Look for and know the signs of stroke. These may include:
- Face drooping—one side of the face is numb or drooping
- Arm weakness—one arm is numb, weak, or drifts downward when trying to raise it up
- Speech difficulty—includes slurring, inability to speak, or inability to repeat a simple sentence
- Leg numbness or weakness
- Confusion or difficulty understanding
- Difficulty walking
- Loss of balance
- Sudden, severe headache with no known cause
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Your bodily fluid may be tested. This can be done with:
- Blood tests
- Blood pressure measurements
Images may be taken of your bodily structures. This can be done with:
The electrical activity of your heart may be tested. This can be done with an electrocardiogram (ECG) .
Other tests may include:
- Tilt table test
- Hearing and vision tests
Treatment depends on the cause of the dizziness. If your dizziness is caused by a condition, the treatment may help reduce symptoms. Examples include:
|Orthostatic hypotension||Medication, lifestyle, and dietary changes|
|Motion sickness||Medication and lifestyle changes|
|Anxiety disorder or other mental health condition||Therapy and medication|
|Infection||Antibiotic or antiviral medication|
|Dizziness due to medication that you are taking||Changes to your medication|
|Imbalance||Physical therapy to build strength and balance|
Home Care and Lifestyle Changes
To avoid injuries, make these lifestyle changes:
- If you are feeling dizzy, sit down right away. Also, avoid activities that could cause harm such as driving, using machinery, or climbing a ladder.
- Remove items in your home that could cause you to lose your balance, such as throw rugs and loose electrical cords.
- Place slip-resistant mats in your shower and on your bathroom floor.
- Place night lights in hallways and in the bathroom.
- Use a cane if you feel that you need extra support.
Try these tips to prevent dizziness:
- Avoid sudden movements.
- Avoid bending down or extending your neck.
- Avoid smoking, drinking excess amounts of alcohol, and using illicit drugs.
- Maintain proper treatment for long-term conditions.
- Get treatment when you have an infection.
- Talk to your doctor right away if you have side effects from your medications.
- Rimas Lukas, MD
- Reviewed: 12/2014
- Updated: 12/20/2014
All EBSCO Publishing proprietary, consumer health and medical information found on this site is accredited by URAC. URAC's Health Web Site Accreditation Program requires compliance with 53 rigorous standards of quality and accountability, verified by independent audits. To send comments or feedback to our Editorial Team regarding the content please email us at HLEditorialTeam@ebscohost.com.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition."آرش درم بخش" حقوقدان فرانسوی ایرانیتبار، برنده جایزه محیط زیستی گوتنبرگ سوئد شد که از آن به عنوان "نوبل توسعه پایدار" یاد می شود.
به گزارش ایرنا، آرش درم بخش این جایزه مهم را به دلیل تلاش هایش برای مبارزه با هدر رفتن مواد غذایی و تصویب قوانینی در این باره که به "قوانین ضد اسراف" موسوم است، به خود اختصاص داده است.
این حقوقدان فرانسوی ایرانی تبار پیشتر کتابی با عنوان "مانیفست علیه هدر رفتن مواد غذایی" نوشته و منتشر کرده بود.
این کتاب جایزه ادگار فور برای بهترین کتاب سیاسی سال را برای او به همراه آورده بود.
این حقوقدان فرانسوی ایران تبار درباره تلایش های�
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یسی، این است که نوشته ما محیطی صمیمی برای گفت و گو با خواننده باشد. گاهی اوقات، نویسندگان برای توضیح بیشتر و نیز شفاف سازی، ناخودآگاه سبب طولانی شدن متن خود می شوند اما می توانند با پیرایش متن خود، این مشکل را برطرف سازند.
روش های مختلفی برای پرهیز از درازنویسی وجود دارد که در ادامه به آن می پردازیم:
یک: حذف جملههای میان پیوندی
به جمله زیر دقت کنید:
«معلم برای اینکه درس خود را شفاف و واضح بیان کند و مقصود خود را به دانش آموزانش منتقل کند به گونه ای که دانش آموزان کاملاً متوجه مقصود او بشوند مدام از عبارت های تأکیدی و قید و صفت استفاده می کرد».
جمله بالا را می توان با حذف برخی عبارت ها، به این صورت خلاصه کرد:
«معلم برای اینکه مقصودش را به دانش آموزان منتقل کند، از عبارتهای تأکیدی و قید و صفت استفاده می کرد».
دو: تقسیم جمله بلند به چند جمله کوتاه
«معلم برای بیان مقصود خودش از عبارتهای تأکیدی استفاده می کرد. همچنین به کار بردن قیدها و صفت ها می تواند به فهم بهتر دانش آموزان کمک کند».
سه: حذف عبارت ها و کلمات زاید
«داستان زندگی حضرت یوسف به رنج هایی که وی به سبب حسادت برادرانش کشید و جریان رسیدن حضرت یوسف، این پیامبر الهی، به مقام عزیز مصر می پردازد».
«داستان یوسف (ع)، به رنج های آن حضرت و نیز رسیدن وی به مقام عزیز مصر می پردازد».
چهار: تبدیل جمله های معترضه به عبارت های بدلی
«آرش امینی که دانش آموز است و اهل مازندران است در این روزها به کار کشاورزی هم می پردازد».
«آرش امینی، دانش آموز مازندارنی، این روزها به کار کشاورزی نیز می پردازد».
پنج: تبدیل کلمه ها و عبارت های بلند به کوتاه
به این نمونه ها دقت کنید:
از سوی: از / در معرض فروش قرار دادن: فروختن / به رشته تحریر درآوردن: نوشتن / غیر قابل بخشش: نابخشودنی / ابراز تشکر کردن: تشکر کردن / سعی در .... دارد: می کوشد / از طریق: با / ارسال کردن: فرستادن.
حذف فعل
در بسیاری از متن های زبان فارسی مشاهده می کنیم که فعل بدون قرینه و نابجا حذف شده اند. اگرچه حذف کلمات اضافه یکی از راههای گریز از درازنویسی است، اما گاهی اوقات، حذف نابجای فعل، باعث آسیب رساندن به ساختار متن می شود. برای نمونه به جمله های زیر دقت کنید:
- دیروز در خانه غذا و سپس به باشگاه رفتم.
در این جمله فعل «خوردن» بدون قرینه حذف شده است. دقت کنید که به قرینه فعل «رفتن» نمی توان فعل «خوردن» را حذف کرد؛ زیرا از یک جنس نیستند.
پس به این صورت صحیح است: دیروز در خانه غذا خوردم و سپس به باشگاه باشگاه رفتم.
- پیاز را اضافه و بپزید: پیاز را اضافه کنید و بپزید.
پس حذف فعل بدون قرینه، اشتباه است و باعث ابهام و نارسایی جمله می شود.
کاربرد نامناسب افعال معین یا کمکی
امروزه در بسیاری از نوشته های رسمی یا متون و نامه های اداری، از فعل هایی مانند «می گردد، می باشد، می سازد و می نماید» زیاد استفاده می شود؛ در حالی که استفاده از آنها درست نیست.
- فعل «گردیدن» به معنی «چرخش به دور چیزی» است. برای مثال زمین به دور خورشید میگردد. بنابراین استفاده از آن به جای فعل «می شود» درست نیست. مثال:
خواندن متون کهن فارسی به نویسندگان توصیه می گردد.
خواندن متون کهن فارسی به نویسندگان توصیه می شود.
- «میباشد» از مصدر «بودن» است؛ اما بر اساس دستور زبان فارسی، کاربرد چندانی ندارد و بهتر است به جای آن از فعل «است» استفاده شود.
مثال:
یکی از غلط های رایج در نوشته ها، حذف فعل بدون قرینه می باشد.
یکی از غلط های رایج در نوشته ها، حذف فعل بدون قرینه است.
- همچنین استفاده از فعل «ساختن» به جای «کردن»، که در نوشته ها بسیار دیده می شود، درست نیست.
مثال:
مدیر کارکنان را از مقررات شرکت آگاه ساخت.
مدیر کارکنان را از مقررات شرکت آگاه کرد.
استفاده از فعل «نمودن» به جای «کردن» نیز از دیگر اشتباهات است که گاهی برای پرهیز از تکرار آورده می شود.
مثال:
از شهروندان عزیز تقاضا مینماییم که از وسایل نقلیه عمومی استفاده نموده و موجب افزایش ترافیک نشوند.
از شهروندان عزیز تقاضا میکنیم که از وسایل نقلیه عمومی استفاده کنند و موجب افزایش ترافیک نشوند.
اما کاربرد نا به جای فعل «هست» به جای «است»، رایج ترین کاربرد نادرست فعل است. هست به معنی «وجود دارد» نباید به جای «است» به کار رود.
سعید در دانشگاه است؟ سعید در دانشگاه هست؟ (وجود دارد؟)
هوا امروز ابری هست: هوا امروز ابری است.
استفاده از فعل مجهول
فعل مجهول بیشتر در متن ها و مقاله های علمی به کار می رود. با این حال پیشنهاد می شود تا آنجا که ممکن است از این فعل استفاده نشود. اما قبل از آن لازم است که با چنین فعل هایی آشنا شویم.
فاعل در جمله های مجهول شناخته شده نیست و مفع
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Many poisonous substances can potentially turn fatal if inhaled, digested, or absorbed by the body. Click on the links below to learn more about poisons and children.
Date Last Reviewed:
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科隆历史
哥佗布的地理位置－宜是送令城巿友展的決定性因素． 在巴拿写的経济和历史上友摔了重要作用。 科隆市诞生干下面将要描述的経济和后勤需求，然后成为一 令文化非常突出的囯家省份的首都．
釗建科隆今天的城市的想法诞生于巴拿舄鉄路公司， 需要在大西洋的一介航站接， 在新的世界建造第一 糸跨界鉄路． 因此， 他亻fl決定造搔其終端的大西洋座位， 曼菸尼约島位于杆檬淹奈側。 科隆市今天占領的地方是一天的原生泥沼， 到処都是蚊子
， 珉汤清洁工作始于1850年维持了几介月。 陡着雨季1合近， 工作人贝因疤疾和其他
1
熟帯病而生病工作糸件十分困淮．
不久之后， 1850年8 月， 在大西洋碣失的鉄路建没工程堊定地卉始。 两年釆， 曼茄
尼约島上的大西洋碣共仍未命名。 垓名滁的主瓿有一些争讠文， 正如约翰 旁埃德斯蒂芬斯 ( Jo hn Lloyd Stephens) 建讠文稀之为A s p inw a ll, 以投資巴拿易鉄路公 司的P ac ific Mail 董事之- W illia m Henry Aspinwall 。 但巴拿舄人不同意迏決定．
由干政府和公民堊持要求被滁为科隆， 但美囯人盟持造举他亻fl想要的名滁， 所以铂上的名字伕期的争执． 他亻［］尋找可以辻戏方友声的造璜， 但是A s p inw a ll- C o lo n送令名字并没有満足任何一方的要求。 直到1890年， 蚩哥佗比亜政府通迥指示郎逸贝将所有友往阿斯皮尓沃的信件送回岌件人时， 哥it比亜政府終止了争讠文． 从那
时起， 城市的官方名杯就是科隆．
旅
Zona Libre
位于巴拿舄加勒比海岸的—令自由匡， 科隆市內在同祥名杯的省份。 自由港作为巴拿旦的自治实体， 是垓地匡主要的迸出口中心之－ 。 它是非洲大陡最大的自由巨也是世界第二大自由匡
Casco Histórico
位于科隆市中心的一座巨大的历史遺迹历史中心由建筑物， 街道， 匡等枸成的建筑群。 亮京包括钅失路公司大接， 巴拿与火牟站， 克斯托巴尓行政大接和政府大接等。
Home Port
它是科隆市旅游玕笈璜目的—部分 。 垓綜合体由郎範港口緝成， 没有信息中心， 酒店， 數家商店 水族琯， 佘讠文室」餐琯和囹节琯。 如今， 迏是几艘巡航的終煮， 如皇家加勒比海和。
Portobelo
送位于科隆北岸的城市， 那是南美洲最重要的人定居之－ ， 因为送里通迥西班牙人友班的黃金和其他财富， 然后被帯到歌洲。 今天 村里有一堆扆墟和几座可以參戒的建筑物。 它也以十月的每年戾祝的黑耶穌节日而岡名 。
Isla Grande
送位于科隆北岸的城市， 那是南美洲最重要的人定居之－ ） 因为送里通迥西班牙人岌現的黃金和其他财富， 然后被帯到歆洲。 今天， 村里有一堆康墟和几座可以參戏的建筑物。 它也以十月的每年床祝的黑耶穌节日而阅名 。
Ferrocarril Interoceánico
豪华的客运服勞辻旅客可以乘坐巴拿写著名的巴拿舄运河相连的巴拿舄茂盛的熱帯雨林。 如需了解更多信息， 清访
http://www.panarail.com
San Lorenzo
位于叉格斯河口， 高茸， 圣洛佗索堡是垓囯最重要的历史建筑之－也是垓陡地最古老的西班牙堡叄之－ 。 1980 年被联合囯文組鋇官布了世界文化遺严， 送些防御工事展京了十七和十八世纪罕事建筑的宏伟例证。 堡至周围坏统着丰富的熱帯雨林， 也是视舄的理想汤所。
Esclusas de Gatún
巴拿舄运河兩的一部分， 加通岡为游客提供穿越地峽的船只的全景。 特另lj是在送令隻奈的兩， 您可以密切地看到所运河的操作。 访客中心包括几介没施， 为游客提供了淮忘的时刻。
Catedral Inmaculada Concepción
也被滁为科隆大教堂， 位于科隆市中心的天主教佘的宗教建筑。 目前正在大教堂的正面迸行裝修工程， 所以我亻fl建讠又您在出岌前查看升放时阅 。
Nombre de Dios
位于科隆的北岸， 迭令城縝1 若偏 ，很小的旅游， 但它有－令宏亻的黑沙濰，沿着近2公里的伕度。 享受大自然是－今絶佳的地方， 因为海洋几乎慈是很安靜。 由于没有任何突型的旅游没施， 所以在访阅迥程中必須帯上一 切。به گزارش سپاه نیوز ؛ سردار سرتیپ دوم پاسدار غلامرضا سلیمانی فرمانده سپاه صاحب الزمان(عج) اصفهان در مراسم افتتاح بیمارستان تخصصی و فوق تخصصی شهید دکتر بهرام شکری که به همت سازمان بسیج جامعه پزشکی استان اصفهان برپا شده بود گفت: انقلاب اسلامی ایران برکات زیادی داشت و باعث پیشرفت های زیادی شد امّا امروزه باز هم شاهد محرومیت هایی در حوزه های مختلف و مهمتر از همه حوزه بهداشت و درمان هستیم.
فرمانده سپاه اصفهان خاطر نشان کرد: روند محرومیت زدایی در حوزه بهداشت و درمان که یکی از حوزه های مورد نیاز است باید ادامه پیدا کند و بسیج جامعه پزشکی با قدرت این مسئله را پیگیری می کند چرا که در هر نقطه ای که نارسایی در کشور وجود دارد بسیج به صورت تخصصی وارد میدان عمل می شود و به دستگاه های مسئول کمک می کند.
وی همچنین تصریح کرد: نیروی مردمی باعث می شود تا سرعت محرومیت زدایی کمتر از گسترش محرومیت نشود و تأثیر مثبتی را در این راه ایفا کند، البته برپایی این بیمارستان ها نمونه ای از ده ها هزار نمونه کاری است که باید در تمامی زمینه های تخصصی و عمومی و زیرساختی اقدام شود.
فرمانده سپاه اصفهان همچنین تاکید کرد: سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی قرارگاه محرومیت زدایی تأسیس کرده است که در سطح استان راه اندازی شده و از ابتدای سال آینده کار خود را در محوریت های بهداشت و درمان، اشتغال، زیرساخت و فرهنگی در مناطق محروم شروع خواهد کرد.
انتهای خبر/09Evet, son olarak burada. Bir profesyonel gibi poker oynamayı öğrenmek. Bu program bir 52 hafta/12 ay programı. Haftalık e-posta ile yeni bir video ders almak. Tüm bilgileri bir kerede vermek diğer programlar ve eğer aksine bir şey öğrenmek değil. Bu program bir kerede bir lokma boyutu verir. Bunu öğrenmek ve saklayın edebilecektir
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ادت بچه ها از خسارت گرفتن شهر بیشتر است. چون ما شهر را دوباره پس خواهیم گرفت، اما بچه ها را به دست نمی آوریم. بنی صدر گفت: من دنبال این قضیه هستم و ما هم زودتر جلسه را تعطیل کردیم که بنی صدر برود دنبال این کار و من دیگر خاطرم جمع شد.
روز شنبه ماندم و صبح یکشنبه رفتم اهواز. از آشفتگی و کلافگی سرهنگ سلیمی و بچه هایی که آنجا بودند، فهمیدیم که هیچ کاری انجام نشده، خیلی اوقاتم تلخ شد. گفتم برویم و کاری بکنیم. در این بین، بنی صدر از دزفول با من تماس گرفت، شاید هم من تماس گرفتم، گفتم چنین وضعی است و بچه ها هیچ کاری نکردند و تو دستوری بده!
او به من گفت :"خوب است شما به ستاد لشکر بروید؛ آنها را نوازشی بکنید و مسئولان لشکر را تشویقشان کنید، من هم از این طرف دستور میدهم، مشغول شوند و کار کنند."
… مرحوم چمران و آقای غرضی رفته بودند منطقه را از نزدیک بازدید کنند.
ما رفتیم ستاد لشکر 92 . حدود چهار بعد از ظهر بود که آنها برگشتند. البته چمران رفته بود ستاد خودمان، اما آقای غرضی و برخی فرماندهان نظامی بودند. ما بعد از مباحثات و تبادل نظرات زیاد، به طرحی رسیدیم. مشکل عمده ما نیرو بود. لشکرهایمان محدود و به قول لشکری ها منها بودند… هم تجهیزات کم داشت، هم نیرو؛ تجهیزات را می شد فراهم کرد اما نیرو را نه.
گروه رزمی 148، گروه رزمی بود که در بلندی های فولی آباد که مشرف بر شهر اهواز است، مستقر بود (…)
گفتیم این گروه بیاید با یک گروهانی از تیپ 2 لشکر92 (…) محور حمیدیه – سوسنگرد را تا خط تماس طی کنند و آنجا مستقر شوند. بعد تیپ 2 لشکر 92 که قبلاً در دزفول بود و حالا مأمور شده بود به اهواز بیاید، از خط عبور کند؛ یعنی بیاید و از لابلای اینها حمله کند.
بنابراین، تنها نیروی حمله ور مان تیپ 2 لشکر 92 بود. تیپ خوبی بود و فرمانده خوبی هم داشت؛ فرمانده ای که معروف به شجاعت بود. البته نیروهای سپاه، نیروهای نامنظم که مال ستاد چمران بود هم بودند.
(…) ساعت حمله، در اصطلاح ساعت "سین" بود. علی الطلوع 26 آبان ماه بود. ما خوشحال به ستاد خودمان رفتیم و من فوراً چمران را پیدا و توجیهش کردم، خیلی هم خوشحال شد. قرار شد سرهنگ قاسمی که فرمانده لشکر بود، دستور را بنویسد و بفرستد برای ستاد ما…
ما آمدیم آنجا و ساعتی را صحبت کردیم. آن شب، از شب های خاطره انگیز من است.
(…)
تازه خوابم برده بود که چمران آمد پشت در اتاق و محکم در می زد که فلانی بلند شو!
گفتم: "چه شده؟!"
گفت: "طرح به هم خورد؛ از دزفول خبر دادند که تیپ 2 لشکر 92 را نیاز داریم و نمی توانیم بدهیم!" یعنی نیروی حمله ور اصلی. من خیلی برآشفته شدم که چرا این کار را می کنند. این به جز اذیت کردن و ضربه زدن کار دیگری نیست. تلفن کردم به فرمانده نیروهای دزفول. تیمسار ظهیرنژاد آنجا بود.
گفتم: "چرا این دستور را دادید؟"
گفت: "دستور آقای بنی صدر است و علت هم این است که این تیپ را برای کار دیگری به اهواز آوردیم و اگر بیاید آنجا منهدم می شود. این تیپ خوبی است و ما از ترس نابودی آن نمی خواهیم آن را وارد عملیات کنیم؛ مگر به امر."
" مگر به امر" یعنی اینکه دستور ویژه ای از طرف فرماندهی بیاید که برو. من گفتم این نمی شود. نخست اینکه چرا منهدم شود، کما اینکه فردا لشکر آمد و منهدم نشد. بعد هم اینکه چه کاری مهم تر از سوسنگرد؟ و اگر این تیپ نیاید، یعنی تعطیل شدن این عملیات و باید بیاید.
قرص و محکم گفتم: "شما به آقای بنی صدر هم بگویید که باید بیاید و دستور را لغو کنید."
(…)
چمران تماس گرفت و عین همین صحبت ها که باید تیپ 2 لشکر 92 بیاید را به بنی صدر گفت. بنی صدر هم قولکی داد. قول داد که دستور دهد تیپ بیاید.
(…)
سَرِ شب مرحوم اشراقی، داماد امام، از تهران با من تماس گرفت و خبرها را پرسید. من گفتم قرار بر این است که عملیات انجام شود و ظاهراً من اظهار تردید کرده بودم که دغدغه دارم ممکن است عملیات انجام نشود و مگر اینکه امام دستور دهد. ایشان رفت با امام تماس گرفت،پیغام داد امام دستور دادند تا فردا سوسنگرد باید آزاد شود و تیمسار فلاحی هم باید مباشر عملیات باشد.
(…)
خیالم راحت بود که کار انجام می شود، ولی باز هم دغدغه داشتیم. بارها شده بود که کار تا لحظات آخر رسیده بود و به دلیلی تعطیل شده بود. صبح زود که از خواب برای نماز بلند شدم، دیدم اوضاع خوب است. ساعت 05:00 صبح تیپ 2 از خط عبور کرده بود. همان زمان که نامه را دریافت کردند، مشغول شدند و پس از دریافت نامه حرکت کرده بودند.
(…)
همیشه می گفتند که خبرها خوب است و پیش بینی می شد ساعت 2:30 ما وارد سوسنگرد شویم. حدود ساعت یک به اهواز برگشتم و می خواستم بیایم تهران. اهواز که رسیدم، خبر دادند که چمران مجروح شده و خ
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and Boston, Massachusetts claims in 1799 it established the first board of health and the first health department, with Paul Revere named as the first health officer.
At the state level, Louisiana was the first state to create a state board of health in 1855, but it functioned primarily to influence regulations in New Orleans. Massachusetts was the first to establish a state board that functioned throughout its state with statewide authority in 1869.
At the national level, a simple National Board of Health functioned from 1879-1883, but it was not until 1939 that another federal agency that operated to manage public health on a national level was established, going from a federal agency called the Federal Security Agency that had health functions such as the United States Public Health Service (PHS), and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 1953, that agency was reorganized and its health functions were elevated to a cabinet-level position to establish the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), which was renamed in 1980 to become the current and modern United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
Current laws and regulations at each level of governmentEdit
HHS notes the laws and regulations that it carries out on its website. Every state also has a health department to which HHS has given a description and hyperlink for each state health department.
Other levels of government within each state are varied. For example, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) has within it a health department in each of its 58 subdivisions called counties, but in only three cities. One is in San Francisco: the San Francisco Department of Public Health; and two are in Los Angeles County: the Long Beach Department of Health and Human Services and the Pasadena Public Health Department.
- "Health Canada". canada.ca.
- "Welcome to the website of the National Health Commission of the PRC". en.nhfpc.gov.cn.
- "Federal Ministry of Health".
- "Health Department". Public Health Nigeria.
- (ASPA), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (29 January 2015). "Programs & Services". HHS.gov.
- (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Social Services".
- "Preparedness Home - PHE". www.phe.gov.
- "Office of Emergency Management - PHE". www.phe.gov.
- (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Research".
- "HealthData.gov". www.healthdata.gov.
- (ASPA), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (29 January 2015). "Programs & Services". HHS.gov.
- (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Prevention & Wellness".
- (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Health Insurance".
- (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (9 April 2015). "Providers & Facilities".
- (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (3 March 2015). "Featured Topic Sites".
- (ASPA), Digital Communications Division (DCD), Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (26 February 2015). "Public Health & Safety".
- (ASFR), Division of Grants, Office of Grants and Acquisition Policy and Accountability (OGAPA), Assistant Secretary for Financial Resources (30 December 2014). "Grants".
- (ASFR), Office of Grants and Acquisition Policy and Accountability (OGAPA), Assistant Secretary for Financial Resources (29 April 2015). "Lobbying Restrictions on Grant Recipients".
- Virginia Department of Health. Go to Virginia Department of Health. http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/three-rivers/history/. Accessed September 17, 2017.
- About The Baltimore City Health Department. Baltimore City Health Department. https://health.baltimorecity.gov/node/20. Published March 30, 2016. Accessed September 17, 2017.
- Agency History. Philadelphia Department of Public Health. http://www.phila.gov/phils/docs/inventor/graphics/agencies/A080.htm. Published April 24, 2000. Accessed September 17, 2017.
- Our History. Boston Public Health Commission. http://www.bphc.org/aboutus/our-history/Pages/our-history.aspx. Accessed September 17, 2017.
- History. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners. http://www.lsbme.la.gov/content/history. Published 2014. Accessed September 17, 2017.
- Everard W. New Orleans Health Department Records, City Archives. New Orleans Public Library. http://nutrias.org/inv/health.htm. Published December 10, 2001. Accessed September 17, 2017.
- State Board of Health of Massachusetts: a brief history of its organization and its work, 1869-1912 : material compiled mainly from the reports of the Board : Massachusetts. Dept. of Public Health Streaming. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/stateboardofheal00mass. Published January 1, 1970. Accessed September 16, 2017.
- Michael JM. The National Board of Health: 1879–1883. Public Health Reports. 2011;126(1):123-129. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001811/
- Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (ASPA). Laws & Regulations. HHS.gov. https://www.hhs.gov/regulations/index.html. Published March 18, 2016. Accessed September 17, 2017.
- State Health Departments. Healthfinder.gov. https://healthfinder.gov/FindServices/SearchContext.aspx?show=1&topic=820. Published September 17, 2017. Accessed September 17, 2017.
- Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO). Research. State and Local Public Health Relationships. Published May 2012. Accessed September 17, 2017.
- "San Francisco Department of Public Health". www.sfdph.org. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
- "Health". www.longbeach.gov. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
- "Public Health Department". ww5.cityofpasadena.net. Retrieved 17 April 2018.Era 14 anni che non si riunivano, il vertice nella città di Belem
Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva apre il summit regionale sull’Amazzonia a Belem, in Brasile. “È una gioia accogliere i Paesi amazzonici in Brasile. Un incontro nel bel mezzo della crisi climatica. Ecco perché ho annunciato questo Vertice ancor prima di assumere il mio terzo mandato. Riconcilieremo la tutela dell’ambiente con lo sviluppo economico sostenibile”, ha detto il presidente del Brasile. Per la prima volta in 14 anni, i presidenti dei Paesi sudamericani che ospitano la foresta amazzonica si riuniscono per tracciare un percorso comune per la protezione della bioregione e per affrontare la criminalità organizzata. Il vertice di martedì e mercoledì nella città brasiliana di Belem è una riunione dell’Organizzazione del Trattato di Cooperazione Amazzonica, un’alleanza che in 45 anni si è riunita solo tre volte. L’Amazzonia si estende su un’area grande due volte l’India, e due terzi della foresta si trovano in Brasile. Condividono il terzo rimanente altri sette Paesi – cioè Colombia, Perù, Venezuela, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, Ecuador – e il territorio della Guyana francese. Partecipano i presidenti di tutti i Paesi tranne Ecuador, Suriname e Venezuela.
© Copyright LaPresse - Riproduzione Riservata'X-Men: Apocalypse': la trama di Quicksilver rivelata dallo stesso Evan Peters
Oggi è il giorno della settimana di Fox per il rilascio di frammenti di notizie sui film di supereroi, come evidenziato da precedenti storie riguardanti X-Men: Apocalisse . direttore Bryan Singer's L'ultimo film mutante vede gli eroi del titolo tentare di fermare l'estinzione dell'umanità per mano del cattivo del titolo. Non è del tutto chiaro quale degli eroi o dei cattivi dei film precedenti si unirà contro Apocalypse ( Oscar Isacco ), ma quello che è stato rivelato oggi è come Quicksilver ( Evan Peters ) si inserisce nel mix.
Durante la partecipazione a un'intervista per la sua parte in FX's Storia dell'orrore americano: Hotel , Peters ha offerto una logline per il ruolo del suo personaggio velocista nel Apocalisse trama. È certamente adiacente alla trama principale, ma la sua ricerca personale nel film potrebbe avere solo ripercussioni che influenzano la grande battaglia in un modo o nell'altro.
Immagine tramite Fox
Dettagli : Is Apocalisse sarà il più grande film di X-Men di tutti? Evan Peters: Assolutamente. È il più grande film di X-Men. Riguarda l'apocalisse, quindi la portata del film è enorme. Dettagli : Giusto per chiarire, visto che di recente ho intervistato Lauren Cohan di Il morto che cammina : Questo film non parla di un'apocalisse zombie, giusto? Evan Peters: Ah! No non lo è. Anche se sarebbe fantastico se Apocalypse [il mutante malvagio] riportasse in vita i morti per aiutarlo a conquistare la terra. Amo gli zombie; Non ne ho mai abbastanza. Ma la storia è che il mio personaggio sta cercando suo padre e vuole trovarlo. Inizia lì e poi salta sul treno degli X-Men e viene risucchiato in tutta questa follia dell'Apocalisse: cerca di impedirgli di distruggere il mondo.
Quindi a parte la tangente zombie, sono contento che stiano riprendendo il rapporto tra Quicksilver e suo padre (che potrebbe essere considerato uno spoiler, quindi non ne parleremo qui). Non solo dà a Quicksilver un motivo per essere coinvolto di nuovo nell'azione, ma lo mette proprio nel mezzo delle fazioni in guerra. Anche se è chiaro che Quicksilver combatterà contro Apocalisse, resta da vedere se suo padre la penserà allo stesso modo. Per lo meno, spero che al pubblico venga offerta anche una scena che sia divertente come la scena al rallentatore di X-Men: Giorni di un futuro passato .
Immagine tramite 20th Century Fox
Ecco la sinossi ufficiale di X-Men: Apocalisse :
Fin dagli albori della civiltà, fu adorato come un dio. Apocalypse, il primo e più potente mutante dell'universo X-Men della Marvel, ha accumulato i poteri di molti altri mutanti, diventando immortale e invincibile. Al risveglio dopo migliaia di anni, è disilluso dal mondo mentre lo trova e recluta una squadra di potenti mutanti, tra cui uno scoraggiato Magneto (Michael Fassbender), per purificare l'umanità e creare un nuovo ordine mondiale, su cui regnerà. Mentre il destino della Terra è in bilico, Raven (Jennifer Lawrence) con l'aiuto del Professor X (James McAvoy) deve guidare una squadra di giovani X-Men per fermare la loro più grande nemesi e salvare l'umanità dalla completa distruzione.
Per saperne di più X-Men: Apocalisse , assicurati di controllare alcune delle nostre recenti coperture fornite ai seguenti link:
- Bryan Singer svela il trailer di X-Men: Apocalypse, i capelli del Professor X X
- Le riprese di X-Men: Apocalypse potrebbero aggiungere più Wolverine
- Collider Movie Talk: la sinossi di “X-Men: Apocalypse” rivela il leader del team
- Simon Kinberg su 'The Martian', Drew Goddard, 'Deadpool', 'X-Men: Apocalypse' e altro
- La sinossi di X-Men: Apocalypse rivela un nuovo caposquadra
- 'X-Men: Apocalypse' è il culmine di una trilogia, afferma Simon Kinberg给家人们分享一款欧美的SLG游戏：新作！
涩情小说 Ep.5 汉化版【PC+安卓】
Erotica [Ep.5 Extended][Daniels K]
【游戏概述】：
你是一个刚从大学毕业，无所事事的年轻人。
你隐居的乔治叔叔终于决定回到这个世界，去度假几个月，并为你提供一份轻松的工作，在他不在的时候为他看家。
你抓住机会赚一些轻松的钱，住在一个新地方，在现实生活开始之前最后一次享受乐趣和聚会。
你年轻的时候又去过他几次，但与你在那里认识的每个人失去了联系。
当你接近城镇线时，你认出了一个名叫莱利的年轻女孩，并迅速与她恢复了友谊。
她现在的情况很糟糕，所以你给她一个临时住处，以换取带你四处走走，把你介绍给她的朋友……
你很快就遇到了她最好的朋友，自发的莉莉，她的继妹， 邪恶的希瑟以及其他一群人，每个人都有自己的故事和独特的个性。
该游戏具有精美的图像，部分配音的角色，音效，音乐曲目，有趣的故事情节，多种选择，丰富的角色个性，成人动画，关系统计系统，可选的支线故事等等。Tek bir organda bu kadar hastalık olmasını doğru bulmuyorum. Bence biraz abartıyorlar. Ne var yani kan akımın bozulduysa, sus ve otur yerine. Yok illa hastalık yapıp başımıza bin sayfa notu bırakacak.
neden bekliyorsun?
bu sözlük, duygu ve düşüncelerini özgürce paylaştığın bir platform, hislerini tercüme eden özgür bilgi
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قدامات مشکوک است.
اینستکس فقط بخشی از خواست ایران را تامین می کند
بعیدی نژاد در پاسخ به پرسش خبرنگار هفته نامه مسلم نیوز مبنی بر نظر موگرینی هماهنگ کننده سیاست خارجی اتحادیه اروپا درباره عملیاتی شدن سازوکار ویژه مالی اروپا، مشهور به اینستکس در روزهای آینده گفت: مقامات اروپایی مدعی اند این سازوکار تا چند هفته آینده، و نه چند روز آینده، عملیاتی می شود اما دوران وعده و وعید از نظر ایران، گذشته است.
وی تاکید کرد اینستکس فقط بخشی از خواست ایران را تامین می کند و به جای گوش فرا دادن به سخنرانی مقامات سه کشور آلمان، فرانسه و انگلیس، ما می خواهیم شاهد اقدامات عملی آنان باشیم.
خریداران نفت ایران، نباید تهدید و تحریم شوند
بعید نژاد در برابر این پرسش که فروش نفت ایران، ممکن است برای هند و چین جذاب باشد که نفت ایران را می خرند بنابراین، چرا ایران انتظار دارد کشورهای اروپایی در مدت 60 روز، کاری در این باره کنند، پاسخ داد: خریداران نفت ایران، نباید تهدید و تحریم شوند اما آمریکا مشغول این کار است و اروپاییان نیز سکوت کرده اند.
وی افزود: فروش نفت و دریافت پول آن، یکی از خواست های هشتگانه ایران از دیگر امضا کنندگان برجام است.
ایران نمی خواهد به نقطه خروج از ان پی تی برسد
وی در پاسخ به پرسش امکان خروج ایران از پیمان منع گسترش سلاح های هسته ای، موسوم به ان پی تی، گفت: این موضوع همیشه در ایران مطرح بوده است زیرا هر کشوری که در پیمانی عضو می شود، تامین منافع خود را خواهان است. در پیمان ان پی تی نیز منافع ایران، یعنی دستیابی به انرژی هسته ای صلح آمیز، تامین نمی شود و ایران به جای دریافت کمک از دولت های دارنده این فناوری، مدام تحت فشار قرار دارد که برای رفع این مشکل، یکی از گزینه ها خروج از ان پی تی است.
به گفته سفیر ایران در لندن، ایران نمی خواهد به نقطه خروج از ان پی تی برسد اما شاید اقدامات نامطلوب و مضر بعضی رژیم ها، ایران را ناچار از خروج از این پیمان سازد.
ماجراجویی نظامی با ایران، بازی خطرناکی است
سفیر ایران در پاسخ به پرسشی درباره امکان درگیری رژیم صهیونیستی و رژیم ال سعود با ایران گفت: تیم B که وزیر خارجه ایران آن را معرفی کرد مایل است آمریکا را به درگیری نظامی با ایران بکشاند که درباره این اشتباه محاسباتی، باید بسیار هوشیار بود زیرا هرگونه درگیری با ایران، پیامدهایی ویرانگر برای همه دولت های ماجراجو و جنگ افروز خواهد داشت و آن رژیم ها در امان نخواهند بود.
وی تاکید کرد: ماجراجویی نظامی با ایران، بازی خطرناکی است که همگان باید از آن دوری کنند.
سفیر ایران به دولت های اروپایی توصیه کرد به متحدان خود یادآور شوند که راه گفتگو را در پیش گیرند زیرا اولویت ایران، فعلا حفظ برجام است و برای گفتگو درباره چگونگی حفاظت از این پیمان، آماده است.The Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) on the campus of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado, is the nation's first facility that can conduct integrated megawatt-scale research and development of the components and strategies needed in order to safely move clean energy technologies onto the electrical grid 'in-flight' at the speed and scale required to meet national goals.
The 182,500sf facility's architectural significance is represented by a first-of-its-kind design and unique merging of three distinct and very specialized components. A ultra-green workplace, a high performance computing data center, and 14 highly sophisticated high-bay laboratory spaces with outdoor test areas work in concert to advance NREL's sustainable mission. The building's construction significance lies in the application of technology used to deliver the project at a highly collaborative and accelerated pace while maintaining the strictest standards of quality and safety.
Home to 200 scientists and engineers, the ESIF will not only meet the nation's crucial research objectives for integrating clean and sustainable energy technologies into the grid, but will do it in a way that is safe, efficient, and respectful to its surrounding environment. The ESIF is built in accordance with the U.S. Green Buildings Council's standards and is expected to achieve LEED Platinum Certification.
The design is fully borne out of the specific functionality of its internal program. Clearly delineated in the massing of the facility is each of the major project components: the High Bay, the Data Center, the Office Bar; all functioning both independently and as part of the larger 'organism.' None of these elements are candy-coated, they are viewed unapologetically as what they are and what they need to be by their function and purpose.Una concessione ai moderati che volevano continuità, attraverso la conferma di Jerome Powell alla guida della Fed; e un segnale ai progressisti che chiedevano più attenzione per i loro temi, con la nomina di Lael Brainard come vice.
Se si somma questo compromesso scelto dal presidente Usa Joe Biden per la banca centrale, all’annuncio atteso oggi del rilascio di petrolio dalle riserve strategiche per abbassare i prezzi, si delinea la strategia che il capo della Casa Bianca vuole adottare nel breve e nel lungo termine per contrastare il rialzo dell’inflazione, senza soffocare ripresa e occupazione.کینوا یکی از محبوب ترین غذاهای بهداشتی جهان است. کینوا بدون گلوتن، پروتئین بالا و یکی از اندک مواد غذایی گیاهی است که حاوی 9 اسید آمینه ضروری است. همچنین دارای فیبر، منیزیم، ویتامین B، آهن، پتاسیم، کلسیم، فسفر، ویتامین E (خواص قرص ویتامین e، میزان مصرف و عوارض جانبی آن) و سایر آنتی اکسیدان های مفید است. در اینجا 11 خاصیت اثبات شده کینوا ذکر شده است:
1- بسیار مغذی
- کینوا محصول دانه ای است که برای دانه های خوراکی آن کشت می شود.
- از لحاظ فنی، کینوا غلات نیست، بلکه یک شبه غلات است.
به عبارت دیگر، اساسا کینوا "دانه ای" است که آماده شده و به طور مشابه با دانه مصرف می شود. کینوا یک محصول مهم برای امپراتوری اینکا بود. آنها به این ماده به عنوان "مادر همه دانه ها" اشاره می کردند و اعتقاد داشتند که مقدس است. این ماده هزاران سال در امریکای جنوبی مصرف شد، گرچه تنها چند سال پیش به حالت مرسوم تبدیل شد و به «وضعیت فوق العاده ای» رسید. امروزه می توانید کینوا و محصولات ساخ
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Surround and Video Olympics. This system, later renamed the Atari 2600, would go on to dominate the industry for many years.
Celebrate National Video Games Day on your home console or enjoy the latest massively multiplayer online game. Throw a party with game-themed decorations and food. Pick up some old Atari 2600 joysticks on eBay, spray paint them and give them as trophies for the best costumes.
Happy National Video Games Day!The term research paper may also refer to a scholarly article that contains the results of original research or an evaluation of research conducted by others. Most scholarly articles must undergo a process of peer review before they can be accepted for publication in an academic journal. Define Your Research Question. The first step in writing a research paper is defining your research.
A research paper is different from a research proposal (also known as a prospectus), although the writing process is similar. Research papers are intended to demonstrate a student’s academic knowledge of a subject. A proposal is a persuasive piece meant to convince its audience of the value of a research project. Think of the proposal as the pitch and the paper as the finished product.
For many, writing the first research paper is very difficult. To conduct research is a complex process, but it is even more difficult to write a research paper. Since writing this type of academic work requires good academic writing skills, as well as knowledge of “how to properly write a research paper”. On the Internet, many articles in which writers write about: “how to write a.After you’ve filled in your outline and placed some of your research into your paper, you will have completed first draft. This is more than most students have when they hand in a paper. The editing portion has five steps: First, you revise to tighten and clarify. Second, you edit for grammar, usage, and mechanics. Third, you give a clean copy to a friend and visit academic support. Fourth.Start with the first topic in your research paper outline. Read all relevant notes you have gathered that have been marked, example, with the Roman numeral I. Summarize, paraphrase or quote directly for each idea you plan to use in your essay. Use a technique that suits you, for example, write summaries, paraphrases or quotations on note cards, or separate sheets of lined paper. Before you.
The APA format research style always requests the title page to be the first page of a paper. It should include the running head, the topic of your research, your name and the name of your school or teacher, all centered and double-spaced. Research Paper Abstract. An abstract is another important part of a research paper. It contains the objective, the summary, and the goal of a research paper.Read More
The abstract is that dense first paragraph at the very beginning of a paper. In fact, that's often the only part of a paper that many non-scientists read when they're trying to build a scientific argument. (This is a terrible practice. Don't do it.) I always read the abstract last, because it contains a succinct summary of the entire paper, and.Read More
The first part of this article dealt with writing a research proposal, explaining what it is and what it isn't. We will now focus on the anatomy of research proposals. Before beginning, it is important to stress there is no one correct way to write a research proposal. Like all writing, it is dependent upon context. A research proposal titled.Read More
What follows is a hypothetical example of a research paper based on an experiment.. but is intended as an example of a psychology research paper that someone might have written after conducting the first Milgram-study. It's presented here for educational purposes. Normally you would use double spacing in the paper. EXAMPLE OF A RESEARCH PAPER--- START OF EXAMPLE ---(Page 1 - text aligned in.Read More
The Methods section of a research article is like a roadmap leading to the core of the research, guiding the readers through the actual journey the authors took to reach their destination. In the manuscript, this section contains the essential details for other scientists to replicate the experiments of the study and help the common readers to understand the study better.Read More
Research questions help writers focus their research by providing a path through the research and writing process. The specificity of a well-developed research question helps writers avoid the “all-about” paper and work toward supporting a specific, arguable thesis.Read More
Be Part of Research is a website run by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and is designed to help people find and contact research studies taking place across the UK. Welcome to our new site. BETA. The UK Clinical Trials Gateway has now been replaced with Be Part of Research. This is a new site which is still under development. Your feedback will help improve it. Skip to Main.Read More
Pay close attention to the formatting, layout, and presentation of your dissertation proposal, which are considered prerequisites to writing a first-class research proposal. A comprehensible and crystalline presentation of your work can add to the clarity and visual appeal of your dissertation proposal which will enhance the overall quality of the paper.Read More
Issues of a scientific journal are rarely read casually, as one would read a magazine. The publication of the results of research is an essential part of the scientific method. If they are describing experiments or calculations, they must supply enough details that an independent researcher could repeat the experiment or calculation to verify the results. Each such journal article becomes part.Read More
It is not a secret that most people judge a book by the cover, so if you want your research paper to be read from A to Z, it is important to write a powerful introduction in research paper. The first paragraph of your work must be catchy, inspiring and interesting, motivating the audience to go on reading.Read MoreCalifornia-based robotics company, Abundant Robotics, is developing a machine that can pick apples off of trees and has been testing the system for several years in Washington.
Agriculture has embraced technology for some time now as it alleviates time spent in the fields and makes harvests more efficient. Currently there are tractors that use GPS technology to guide plowing and planting of seeds. However, some fruits are too delicate to be handled by machinery. Apples, however, are more durable.
Nikkei Asian Review reports that mechanically harvesting apples has challenges. Apples don't ripen all at once, so a picker has to determine whether it's ready to be picked or not.
Meanwhile, picking isn't is as simple as most think. Some varieties require the stem to be removed in order to prevent it from puncturing other apples in the bin. In addition, the fruit needs to be handled gently in order to avoid bruising. According to Nikkei Asian Review, apple pickers wind up unintentionally bruising around 10 percent of their fruit.
Abundant Robotics, however, has developed a machine that has been able to harvest apples. The company has used the machine in preliminary tests for several years and plans to launch commercial operation later this year on smaller orchards.
The machine uses cameras to scan an orchard canopy and analyzes the color and other variables that are set by the growers to determine if the apple is ripe, Nikkei Asian Review reports. Then, a vacuum will suck the fruit off the branch before it is carefully placed in a bin.
The company says that the machines won't eliminate human pickers, but will be used to go in and pick fruit that is leftover.La classifica si fa con i grandi tornei, dicono. Un adagio che Lucas Pouille ha voluto smentire entrando in top 10 al termine dei primi due mesi e mezzo di 2018, aiutato dalla ormai usuale morìa di giocatori ai vertici del circuito ATP. Terminato il 2017 in 18esima posizione, il francese non aveva certo iniziato al meglio la nuova stagione: ha esordito direttamente a Melbourne, per aver declinato lo status di testa di serie che gli avrebbe riservato uno qualunque dei tornei di preparazione a gennaio, e lo ha fatto nel peggiore dei modi arrendendosi al n.117 Ruben Bemelmans in quattro set.
Si è però ampiamente rifatto a febbraio, giocando tutte le settimane. Ha vinto l’ATP 250 di Montpellier, battendo all’esordio il n.190 Carlos Taberner e poi in fila un distratto Paire, uno sfortunatissimo Tsonga – Jo aveva praticamente vinto e si è infortunato – e Gasquet in finale; poi, dopo la prematura sconfitta di Rotterdam (non un granché l’accoppiamento di primo turno con Rublev), ha approfittato di un altro tabellone piuttosto morbido – ranking medio degli avversari 93,75 – per raggiungere la finale a Marsiglia dove è stato sconfitto da Khachanov. Quindi si è ripetuto a Dubai, nell’edizione più misera da quando esiste il torneo, dove ha raggiunto e perso la finale contro Bautista Agut senza affrontare alcun top 20: non perché li abbia schivati lui, ma perché dopo l’eliminazione di Dimitrov al primo turno non ce n’erano altri in tabellone. Quattro tornei che gli sono valsi 700 punti, più di quanto potrà incassare lo sconfitto della finale tra Federer e del Potro a Indian Wells.
Sempre a Indian Wells, secondo torneo importante della stagione, Lucas è stato nettamente sconfitto dall’indiano Yuki Bhambri. Quindi ha comunicato che non avrebbe disputato il Masters 1000 di Miami per riposarsi in vista della Davis (contro l’Italia, a Genova) e della stagione su terra battuta. In totale nell’edizione 2017 del Sunshine Double il francese aveva messo in cascina 55 punti e ne difenderà solo 10: per il momento ne ha persi 35, altri 10 svaniranno dopo Miami. A Stan Wawrinka e Jack Sock, rispettivamente 11esimo e 12esimo all’ultimo aggiornamento di classifica, è andata molto peggio. Lo svizzero ha dovuto salutare i 600 punti della finale 2017 (sarà 21esimo tra poche ore), lo statunitense ha difeso solo 45 dei 360 punti conquistati con la semifinale 2017; morale della favola, Lucas Pouille mette le freccia, li passa entrambi ed entra in top 10 per la prima volta in carriera, vincendo appena due match nel mese di marzo. Ci rimarrà almeno due settimane – la classifica, dopo questo lunedì, si riaggiornerà al termine del torneo di Miami – e potrebbero essere anche di più, poiché i primi inseguitori sono Sock (-85 punti) e Djokovic (-120 punti): lo statunitense a Miami difende i quarti di finale, e per ricucire lo strappo dovrà quindi raggiungere la semifinale, mentre Djokovic non sappiamo neanche se scenderà in campo. Un gran bel quadrifoglio per Lucas Pouille.
Coppa Davis 2022: confermate le 12 sedi per le Qualificazioni di marzo, l’Italia a Bratislava
Si scaldano i motori delle squadre nazionali per le Qualificazioni di inizio marzo. L’Italia al chiuso di Bratislava, Slovacchia
Mentre la stagione tennistica 2022 sta entrando nel vivo con il primo Slam australiano, si guarda già più in là e all’orizzonte brilla l’ambizioso trofeo della Coppa Davis. L’ITF ha annunciato l’elenco completo delle sedi per le Qualificazioni della Rakuten Coppa Davis 2022 del 4-5 marzo. L’Italia giocherà fuori casa sui campi indoor della capitale Bratislava in Slovacchia. Il tie si disputerà nel weekend che precede Indian Wells, vale a dire fra il 4 e il 5 marzo 2022 con due singolari, un doppio e altri due singolari sempre al meglio dei tre set. Gli azzurri giocheranno sul veloce della NTC Arena; l’ultima sfida giocata lì è stata vinta lo scorso anno dai padroni di casa 3-1 contro il Cile, e sono stati usate palline Dunlop ATP.
L’Australia ha confermato che ospiterà l’Ungheria a Sydney, mentre gli USA affronteranno la Colombia a Reno, in Nevada. L’elenco delle sedi comprende tre stadi per eventi olimpici di tennis, a Seoul, Sydney e Rio de Janeiro. Le 12 qualificazioni alla Coppa Davis abbracciano 19 fusi orari – da Sydney a est a Reno a ovest – e vedono l’azione svolgersi in cinque continenti. Una vera coppa del mondo!
|Francia v Ecuador||Palais des Sports, Pau, France||Indoors, hard|
|Spagna v Romania||Puente Romano Club de Tenis, Marbella, Spain||Outdoors, clay|
|Finlandia v Belgio||Espoo Metro Areena, Espoo, Finland||Indoors, hard|
|USA v Colombia||Reno Events Center, Reno, NV, USA||Indoors, hard|
|Paesi Bassi v Canada||Sportcampus Zuiderpark, The Hague, Netherlands||Indoors, clay|
|Brasile v Germania||Parque Olimpico Arena Tenis, Rio de Janerio, Brazil||Outdoors, clay|
|Slovacchia v Italia||National Tennis Centre Arena, Bratislava, Slovakia||Indoors, hard|
|Australia v Ungheria||Ken Rosewall Arena, Sydney, Australia||Outdoors, hard|
|Norvegia v Kazakhstan||Oslo Tennis Arena, Oslo, Norway||Indoors, hard|
|Svezia v Giappone||Helsingborg Arena, Helsingborg, Sweden||Indoors, hard|
|Argentina v Repubblica Ceca||Buenos Aires Lawn Tennis Club, Buenos Aires, Argentina||Outdoors, clay|
|Corea del Sud. v Austria||Olympic Park Tennis Court, Seoul, Korea Rep.||Indoors, hard|
Australian Open 2022, Cilic: “Berrettini può arrivare fino alla finale di un torneo del Grande Slam o vincerlo. Su Sinner: “Penso che il suo gioco sia ancora in fase di sviluppo”
Intervistato dal direttore Scanagatta e dagli altri giornalisti presenti in sala stampa, Marin Cilic ha detto la sua sul prossimo avversario Auger Aliassime e sugli italiani
Dopo essere ritornato nuovamente agli ottavi di finale di uno Slam, l’ultima volta sempre in Australia due anni fa, grazie alla rullante prestazione con conseguente vittoria ai danni della tds. n.5 del seeding Andrey Rublev, con il punteggio di 5-7 6-7(3) 6-3 3-6, Marin Cilic che nel prossimo match affronterà Auger Aliassime (3 a 0 i precedenti per il tennista di Medjugorje); si è presentato davanti ai giornalisti per svolgere il Q&A:
D: Nel prossimo match affronterai Felix Auger Aliassime. Siete entrambi grandi giocatori. Quali sono le
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larınız çizildikten sonra, bunları resimlerin üzerine ciltleme klipsleri ile sabitleyin. Her iki resimdeki çizgiler boyunca kesin, köşegen görüntü üzerinde tüm yolu kesmemeyi unutmayın.
Ciltleyici klipsleri çıkarın ve şablonları atın.
Şimdi, görüntüleri birleştirmeye başlamak için hazırsınız. Dikey bir şerit alın ve köşegen görüntünün sol tarafına dokundurun. Bir kafes deseni oluşturmak için aşağı ve yukarı gidersiniz. İlk şeridi bitirdikten sonra, tüm yolu sola ittiğinden ve üst ve alt kenarların aynı hizada olduğundan emin olun.
Bir sonraki şeridi al ve zıt modeli ör. Eğer ilk şeridin üstünden başlamış olsaydın, ikincisi altından kalkacak. Kalan parçalarla dokuma yapmaya devam edin.
Dokümanı bitirdikten sonra, kenarları tekrar bağlayıcı klipslerle sabitleyin.
Tüm şeyi ters çevirin (bir magazin sayfasından daha sağlam kağıt kullanıyorsanız biraz daha kolay) ve kenarların etrafında bant kullanın. Arkamdan ne kadar havalı baktığımı görmek beni şaşırttı!
Tasarımınızı sadece doğru boyuta getirmek için fazla kağıdı da kırpabilirsiniz. Kesim yaptığınız her yerde teyit ettiğinizden emin olun.
Kâğıt dokumanızı tekrar çevirin ve sanat eserlerinize hayran kalın. Son olarak, bir çerçeve bulmak ve duvarınıza almak istersiniz.
Bu DIY kağıt dokumasını yaptın mı? Sonuçlarınızı görmek ve nasıl gittiğini öğrenmek isterim! Yorumlarda not bırakın ya da sosyal medyaya biraz sevgi gönderin.Gürcistan, Tarihi, Kültürü, Yaşam
Gürcistan, Gürcistan Sakartvelo, ülke içinde Transkafkasya doğu ucunda Karadeniz'de Büyük Kafkas Dağları'nın ana sırtın güney yamaçlarında. Kuzey ve kuzeydoğuda Rusya, doğu ve güneydoğuda Azerbaycan, güneyde Ermenistan ve Türkiye, batıda Karadeniz ile çevrilidir. Gürcistan üç etnik yerleşim bölgesi içerir: kuzeybatıda Abhazya (ana şehir Sokhumi); Acara güneybatısında (asıl şehri Bat'umi) 'de; ve Güney Osetya, kuzeyde (ana şehir Tskhinvali). Gürcistan'ın başkentidir Tiflis.
Kökleri Gürcü halkı tarihin derinliklerine uzanır; kültürel mirasları eşit derecede eski ve zengindir. Sırasında ortaçağ dönemine güçlü bir Gürcü krallığı yaşamış 10. ve 13. yüzyıllar arasındaki yükseklik ulaştı. Uzun bir Türk ve Fars egemenliği döneminden sonra Gürcistan, 19. yüzyılda Rus İmparatorluğu tarafından ilhak edildi. Bağımsız bir Gürcü devleti, 1918'den Sovyetler Birliği'ne dahil olduğu 1921'e kadar vardı. 1936'da Gürcistan kurucu (birlik) bir cumhuriyet oldu ve Sovyetler Birliği'nin çöküşüne kadar bu şekilde devam etti. Sovyet döneminde Gürcü ekonomisi modernize edildi ve çeşitlendi. En bağımsızlık fikirli cumhuriyetlerden biri olan Georgia,19 Kasım 1989'da egemenlik ve 9 Nisan 1991'de bağımsızlık.
1990'lar, bağımsızlık sonrası ilk hükümetin devrilmesi ve Güney Osetya ve Abhazya'da ayrılıkçı hareketlerin ortaya çıkmasıyla Gürcistan'da istikrarsızlık ve sivil huzursuzluk dönemiydi.
Gürcistan'da Kara
Rölyef, drenaj ve topraklar
Efsanevi Argonotların Altın Post'u aradığı antik Kolhis olan Kolkhida Ovası'nın verimli ovası dışında , Gürcü arazisi büyük ölçüde dağlıktır ve üçte birinden fazlası orman veya çalılarla kaplıdır. Subtropikal Karadeniz kıyılarından Kafkasya'nın tepe çizgisinin buz ve karlarına kadar olağanüstü çeşitlilikte bir manzara vardır. Bu tür zıtlıklar, ülkenin nispeten küçük alanı tarafından daha dikkat çekici hale getirilmiştir.
Engebeli Georgia arazisi, tümü doğudan batıya uzanan üç gruba ayrılabilir.
Kuzeyde sur duvarı yer alır. Doğuya doğru yükselen ve genellikle derin, vahşi geçitlerle ayrılan bir dizi paralel ve enine dağ kuşağından oluşan Büyük Kafkasya silsilesi. Muhteşem tepe çizgisi zirveleri, Mount'ınkileri içerir.16.627 fit (5.068 metre) ile Gürcistan'ın en yüksek noktası olan Shkhara ve DağlarRustaveli, Tetnuld ve Hepsi 15.000 fitin üzerinde olan Ushba. soyu tükenmiş koni Mkinvari (Kazbek) yanardağı, en kuzeydeki Bokovoy aralığına 16.512 fit yükseklikten hakimdir. Lomis ve Kartli (Kartalinian) sıraları da dahil olmak üzere, bir dizi önemli mahmuz, genel Kafkas eğilimine dik açılarda, merkezi sıradağdan güneye doğru uzanır. Bu ıssız güzellikteki yüksek bölgelerin buzla kaplı yanlarından birçok ırmak ve nehir akar.
Büyük Kafkasya'nın güney yamaçları, büyük bir yapısal çöküntü üzerinde oluşturulmuş merkezi ovalardan oluşan ikinci bir bantta birleşir. NSKaradeniz kıyılarına yakın Kolkhida Ovası, binlerce yıl boyunca biriken kalın bir nehir kaynaklı tortu tabakasıyla kaplıdır. Batı Gürcistan'ın büyük nehirleri olan Inguri, Rioni ve Kodor, Büyük Kafkasya'dan aşağı doğru geniş bir alan üzerinden denize akar. Kolkhida Ovası eskiden neredeyse sürekli durgun bir bataklıktı. Büyük bir kalkınma programında nehirler boyunca drenaj kanalları ve setler yapılmış ve ağaçlandırma planları uygulamaya konmuş; bölge, subtropikal ve diğer ticari ürünlerin yetiştirilmesiyle birinci derecede önem kazanmıştır.
Doğuya doğru yapısal oluk tarafından geçilir Meshet ve Likh sıradağları, Büyük ve Küçük Kafkasya'yı birbirine bağlar ve Kara ve Hazar denizlerinin havzaları arasındaki havzayı işaretler. Gürcistan'ın merkezinde, Khashuri ve Mts'khet'a (eski başkent) şehirleri arasında, iç yüksek plato olarak bilinen iç yüksek plato yer alır.Kartli (Kartalinian) Ovası. Kuzeyi, güneyi, doğusu ve batısı dağlarla çevrili ve büyük bölümü lös tipi tortularla kaplı bu plato, Kura (Mtkvari) Nehri ve kolları boyunca uzanır.
Gürcü topraklarının güney şeridi, dağ sıraları ve platoları ile işaretlenmiştir. Zirvede 10.830 feet'e ulaşan dar, bataklık bir kıyı ovasının ötesine yükselen Küçük Kafkasya Didi-Abuli.
Gürcistan'da gri-kahverengi ve tuzlu yarı çöl türlerinden daha zengin kırmızı topraklara ve podzollere kadar çeşitli topraklar bulunur. Yapay iyileştirmeler çeşitliliğe katkıda bulunur .
Gürcistan'da İklim
Kafkas bariyeri Gürcistan'ı kuzeyden gelen soğuk hava girişlerinden korurken, ülke Karadeniz'den gelen sıcak ve nemli havanın sürekli etkisine açıktır. Batı Gürcistan nemli bir subtropikal, deniz iklimine sahipken, doğu Gürcistan orta derecede nemliden kuru bir subtropikal tipe kadar değişen bir iklim aralığına sahiptir.
Ayrıca işaretli yükseklik bölgeleri vardır. Örneğin Kolkhida Ovası, yaklaşık 1.600 ila 2.000 feet'e kadar subtropikal bir karaktere sahiptir ve hemen yukarısında nemli, orta derecede ılık bir iklim bölgesi bulunur; daha da yüksek, soğuk, yağışlı kışlar ve serin yazlardan oluşan bir kuşaktır. Yaklaşık 6.600 ila 7.200 feet'in üzerinde, gerçek bir yazdan yoksun bir dağ iklim bölgesi vardır; 11.200 ila 11.500 feet'in üzerinde kar ve buz yıl boyunca mevcuttur. Doğu Gürcistan'da, daha iç kesimlerde, sıcaklıklar aynı yükseklikte batı kısımlarından daha düşüktür.
Batı Gürcistan, yıl boyunca yoğun yağış alır, toplam 40 ila 100 inç (1.000 ila 2.500 mm) arasındadır ve sonbahar ve kış aylarında maksimuma ulaşır. Güney Kolhida en fazla yağış alır ve nem kuzeye ve doğuya doğru azalır. Bu bölgede kışlar ılık ve ılık geçer; yaklaşık 2.000 ila 2.300 fitin altındaki bölgelerde, ortalama Ocak sıcaklığı hiçbir zaman 32 °F (0 °C)'nin altına düşmez ve sıcaklıkların ortalama yaklaşık 41 °F (5 °C) olduğu kıyı bölgelerinde nispeten ılık, güneşli kış havası devam eder. Yaz sıcaklıkları ortalama yaklaşık 71 °F (22 °C).
Doğu Gürcistan'da, denizden uzaklaştıkça yağış azalır, ovalarda ve eteklerinde 16 ila 28 inç'e ulaşır, ancak dağlarda bu miktarı ikiye katlar. Güneydoğu bölgeleri en kurak bölgelerdir ve kış en kurak mevsimdir; yağış maksimumu ilkbaharın sonunda gerçekleşir. En yüksek ova sıcaklıkları Temmuz ayında (yaklaşık 77 °F [25 °C]), bölgenin çoğunda ortalama Ocak sıcaklıkları 32 ila 37 °F (0 ila 3 °C) arasında değişir.
Gürcistan'da Bitki ve hayvan yaşamı
Georgia'nın konumu ve çeşitli arazileri, dikkate değer bir manzara çeşitliliğine yol açmıştır. Nemli, subtropikal Karadeniz kıyılarının bereketli bitki örtüsü, dağ zirvelerinin sonsuz karlarına nispeten yakındır. Derin vadiler ve hızlı nehirler, kuru bozkırlara yol açar ve dağ çay
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ید برای بازیکنان در منطقه آفساید به سه قسم کلی تقسیم می شود که در زیر با شکل آن ها را توضیح می دهیم.
- دخالت در بازی به صورت مستقیم
اگر بازیکنی که در منطقه آفساید است به صورت مستقیم از بازیکن خودی یا پس از برخورد توپ به بازیکن خودی یا حریف صاحب توپ شود، آفساید رخ می دهد.
اگر بازیکنی که در منطقه آفساید قرار دارد هر گونه مزاحمتی برای بازیکنان حریف ایجاد که در نحوه عملکرد آن ها اختلال ایجاد کند آفساید رخ می دهد. در شکل زیر بازیکنی که در منطقه آفساید است، زاویه دید دروازه بان را کور کرده است و این آفساید است. تقسیم بندی های نوع دو و سه شامل موقعیت های گوناگونی می شوند و دو گلی که مرور می کنیم نیز در این تقسیم بندی ها جای دارند. این قانون در سال 2018 آخرین بار آپدیت شده است.
- هرگونه سود بردن از حضور در منطقه آفساید
برخلاف اسم این قسمت، تعریف بسیار ساده ای دارد. اگر بازیکنی که در آفساید است از ریباند یا برگشت توپ پس از برخورد به تیرک دروازه یا بلوکه شدن توسط بازیکنان حرف استفاده کند و صاحب توپ شود بازهم آفساید رخ داده است.
در زمان شروع های مجدد خاص (ضربات دروازه، کرنر و پرتاب اوت) قانون آفساید اعمال نمی شود.
این قانون کلی و جامع آفساید بود حالا بررسی دو گل.
بررسی گل سادیو مانه در بازی لیورپول و آرسنال
در تصویر اول مشاهده می کنید که فیرمینو در آفساید نیست. او حرکت می کند و ضربه چیپ اول را به توپ می زند. در همین صحنه اما سادیو مانه مشخصا در آفساید است.
در تصویر دوم سادیو مانه با توجه به قانون سوم که از بودن در آفساید سود می برد، دروازه خالی را روی ریباند توپ باز می کند و این سبب آفساید شدن گل می شود.
بررسی گل سرجینیو به پرسپولیس در فینال لیگ قهرمانان آسیا
دلیلی که این گل باید آفساید اعلام می شد به شرح زیر است
سرجینیو که زننده گل است در هیچ یک از لحظات این گل در آفساید نبوده است. اما بازیکن دیگری که در تصویر زیر مشخص شده است (سوزوکی شماره 9) در آفساید است با توجه به قانون ایجاد مزاحمت در عملکرد محمد انصاری و نوراللهی و ایجاد وضعیتی که سبب شد تا آن ها نتوانند توپ را به خوبی دفع کنند باید گل آفساید اعلام می شد.
در تصویر اول مشاهده می کنید که سوزوکی در آفساید قرار دارد ولی سرجینیو به هیچ وجه در آفساید نیست
در تصویر دوم سوزوکی برای مدافعان پرسپولیس ایجاد مزاحت می کند و در روند کاری آن ها اختلال ایجاد می کند. پس چون او در جریان بازی دخالت داشته است، این صحنه آفساید است.
خلاصه بازی کاشیما و پرسپولیس
خلاصه بازی آرسنال و لیورپولIndia is the largest coir producer in the world accounting for more than 80 percent of the total world production of coir fibre. The coir sector in India is very different and involves households, co-operatives, NGOs, manufacturers and exporters. Coconuts are grown in more than 93 countries in the world and therefore there is considerable scope to develop coir industry in further countries.
Kanyakumari also called as Kanniyakumari district is bounded by Tirunelveli district in the north and northeast, by Kerala state in the northwest and union of Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean in the west and south. The Coastline is almost regular except for some points of land projecting into the sea at cape Comorian. Kanyakumari has been named after the goddess Kanyakumari Amman who is the popular deity of the area. Legend has it that the goddess Parvati in one of her avatars as Devi Kanniya did self-punishment on one the rocks of this land’s end to obtain the hand of lord Shiva. In Kanyakumari some people are involved in coconut fibernest making craft.
Craft is an evolved expression of human spirit. Craft was the first evolved expression of man which gave birth to arts and other life supporting process. Craft is considered to be more organized and filling in human relationships than even language, for it enters the blocks of communication. The coconut fibernest making is also a wonderful craft.
In the changing world scenario, craft products form a part of lifestyle products in international market. The impression is due to the changing consumer taste and trends. In view of this, it is high time that the Indian Handicraft industry went into the details of changing designs, patterns, product development and required change in production facilities for a variety of materials, production techniques and related expertise to achieve a leadership position in the fast growing competitiveness with other countries. Coir handicrafts attracts consumer attention in view of its resourceful nature eco-friendly property.
Coconut fiberis also known as coir, comes from the inner husk of coconuts. Coconuts are the most commonly grown in the world and contribute significantly to the economy of humid areas. The short, rough fibres can be woven for a number of uses. Unlike man-made fibres, coconut is a renewable resource.
Coir is a natural, eco-friendly and extremely tensile fiber. This natural wonder is available in abundance and finds various applications. The coconut palm has been praised as ‘Kalpvriksha’ the all giving tree in the classic of India. The use of coconut throughout India makes it a symbol of national unity.
Mr. A. E. Muthu living in Kanyakumari artisan of the coconut fibernest making craft. As per the order they do the work and 23-30 products are made in one day. Mr. A. E. Muthu also involved in making many other crafts including coconut fibernest making. The manmade nest is used for home decoration.This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: This page cannot be downloaded as PDF (July 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|Founder of||Ekasarana Dharma|
|Born||26 September 1448,
Bordowa/Batadrowa, Nagaon District of Assam, India
|Died||23 August 1568, Tuesday
Bheladonga, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
|Honors||Venerated as Mahapurusha|
Srimanta Sankardev (['?rm?nt? '?ænk?(r)?de?v]; 1449-1568) (Assamese: , translit. Môhapurux Srimôntô Xôngkôrdew) was a 15th-16th century Assamese polymath: a saint-scholar, poet, playwright, social-religious reformer and a figure of importance in the cultural and religious history of Assam, India. He is widely credited with building on past cultural relics and devising new forms of music (Borgeet), theatrical performance (Ankia Naat, Bhaona), dance (Sattriya), literary language (Brajavali). Besides, he has left an extensive literary oeuvre of trans-created scriptures (Bhagavat of Sankardev), poetry and theological works written in Sanskrit, Assamese and Brajavali. The Bhagavatic religious movement he started, Ekasarana Dharma and also called Neo-Vaishnavite movement, influenced two medieval kingdoms---Koch and the Ahom kingdoms--and the assembly of devotees he initiated evolved into Sattras over time, which continue to be important socio-religious institutions in Assam and to a lesser extend in North Bengal. Sankardev inspired the Bhakti movement in Assam just as Guru Nanak, Ramananda, Kabir, Basava and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu inspired it elsewhere in the Indian subcontinent. His influence spread even to some kingdoms as the Matak Kingdom founded by Bharat Singha, and consolidated by Sarbanda Singha in the latter 18th century endorsed his teachings.
His literary and artistic contributions are living traditions in Assam today. The religion he preached is practised by a large population, and Sattras (monasteries) that he and his followers established continue to flourish and sustain his legacy.
After the death of Sankardev, Madhavdev incorporated narrations of his life in prayer services, a practice that was followed by his apostles, and in due course of time a large body of biographical literature arose. These are generally classed in two groups: early (those by Daityari Thakur, Bhusan Dwija, Ramananda Dwija and Vaikuntha Dwija) and late (Guruvarnana by Aniruddha Das, the more than one anonymous Katha-guru-carits, Bardowa-carit, Sankardev caritra from Barpeta, the Saru-svarga-khanda and Bar-svarga-khanda by Sarvabhauma). The authorship of the biography credited to Ramcaran Thakur, Daityari Thakur's father, is doubted and it is generally dated to the 17th-century and classed with the late biographies.
In general, all biographies consider Sankardev as an incarnation of Vishnu, including that by Daityari Thakur, the earliest. The late biographies differ from the early group on the count that they ascribe supernatural feats to Sankardev, and describe miraculous events; and there is a tendency to read some events of the Bhagavata into his life. The biographies are full of contradictions; even though the earlier ones are considered more accurate, not all they claim are true--Daityari Thakur's biography, the earliest one, claims Sankardev met with Chaitanya, which is now not accepted to be true.
Sankardev, then named Sankaravara, was born into the Shiromani (chief) Baro-Bhuyans family at Bordowa in present-day Nagaon district in c1449. Though some authors have expressed doubt that Sankardev could have lived that long, considering that he was of robust health 1449 is generally accepted. The Baro-Bhuyans were independent landlords in Assam, and Sankardev belonged to the Kayastha Hindu caste. His family-members,
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e membro della Task Force Coronavirus della Casa Bianca.
Ha dichiarato a una commissione del Congresso che la ricerca “gain-of-function” dell’Istituto di virologia di Wuhan era stata finanziata in parte dal governo statunitense e che il virus “sembrava ingegnerizzato”.
Il dottor Redfield ha anche detto che la sua analisi iniziale, secondo la quale la pandemia sarebbe stata causata da una fuga di notizie dal laboratorio, era stata “stroncata” all’inizio.
Il virologo ha detto di essere stato escluso da una conference call sulle origini della pandemia nel febbraio 2020 dal dottor Anthony Fauci e da altri, perché “volevano un’unica narrazione” e lui aveva una “visione diversa”.
La sua analisi di allora, che non è cambiata, era che non era “scientificamente plausibile” che il virus fosse passato dai pipistrelli all’uomo ed era più probabile che la pandemia fosse iniziata con una fuoruscita dal laboratorio di Wuhan.
“Penso che probabilmente abbia causato la più grande pandemia che il nostro mondo abbia mai visto”
ha detto Redfield quando gli è stato chiesto se la ricerca sul guadagno di funzione abbia mai fermato una pandemia.
Come riferito da FOX news Redfield è apparso in un panel mercoledì davanti al comitato ristretto sulle origini del COVID della Camera, dove ha criticato il controverso metodo di ricerca, dicendo che non è a conoscenza che abbia mai creato un trattamento o “vaccini salvavita”.
“No, al contrario, penso che probabilmente abbia causato la più grande pandemia che il nostro mondo abbia mai visto”, ha detto Redfield al presidente del comitato Brad Wenstrup, R-Ohio, che ha chiesto se la ricerca sul guadagno di funzione abbia mai fermato una pandemia .In looking for some writing prompt resources recently, I came across this amazing collection of prompts from The Teacher's Corner. Here is the overview from the site.
As always, The Teacher’s Corner is looking for ways to make your life easier. We hope that our newest addition, “Daily Writing Prompt,” does just that. On as many days as possible, we have selected an event from our monthly event calendars to be the focus of the writing prompt. Our “Daily Writing Prompt” resources can be used in a number of ways:
- Daily warm-up activity
- Practice in prompt writing for state assessments
- Daily/weekly writing prompt
- “Anytime” activity
- Student work center
- “When You’re Done” activity
- Substitute teacher activity
One added advantage to TTC’s “Daily Writing Prompt” is that they can easily be displayed through an LCD projector in your classroom. This eliminates time you would have to spend at the copy machine. All of the prompts can easily be printed as well. Be sure to look over the different options we provide you for printing the prompts.
You will find that the writing prompts are written for different grade levels. We hope to continue to adding prompts that will meet the needs of both primary and intermediate students. You will also find that some of the prompts don’t explicitly state that day’s event. You may want to refer back to the monthly events calendar for this information in order to share it with your students.
To give you a sense of what is available at this site, here are the prompts for this week.
There are many great ideas here. Do take some time to check them out.
On this day in 1789, the United States Post Office opened. In recent years, many people have begun to use email. Do you think there will ever be a time in the future that the only items actually “mailed” by the Post Office are packages? And all letters and magazines will be sent via email?
Autumn begins today. What is your favorite season? Explain why you enjoy that particular season.
“National Dog Week” is the 4th week of September. There is a saying that a dog is “man's best friend.” How do you think this saying came to be and does it hold any truth?
On this day in 1789, the Supreme Court was established. Using resources in the classroom, learn five (5) facts about the Supreme Court’s roll in our nation’s government and summarize them in your own words.
On September 25, 1513, Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean. What types of things do you think we still have to discover about the ocean?
On September 26, 1774, John Chapman was born. Later in life, he became better known as Johnny Appleseed. Johnny performed a “community service” as he traveled west spreading apple seeds. Write about some types of community service that you could possibly perform.
ALTRI DOCUMENTI
Francesco Petrarca
Un nuovo modello di intellettuale
Le prime avvisaglie del cambiamento intellettuale che animava i centri culturali italiani si manifestò grazie alle personalità di Salutati e soprattutto di Petrarca. Questo autore rappresenta bene il nuovo e durevole modello di intellettuale che ebbe fortuna non solo in Italia ma a livello europeo. La crisi dei valori universali della Chiesa e dell'Impero, già evidenziata da Dante, porta all'accentuarsi dell'individualismo, frutto di una maggiore introspezione. Petrarca, infatti, alimentandosi delle letture agostiniane, si allontana dagli schemi culturali prettamente duecenteschi costituiti dalla filosofia scolastica e dai dettami aristotelico-tomistici.
Francesco Petrarca
L'analisi dei sentimenti e la coscienza del poeta, piena di inquietudini, diventano i temi principali della poesia, attraverso un continuo dialogo che si manifesta in una sorta di confessione interiore. In questo itinerario spirituale alcuni avvenimenti (l'incontro con Laura, la crisi religiosa del fratello Gherardo) divengono momenti centrali per arricchire le riflessioni e si traducono in una serie di tension 555b18f i emotive che investono la sua produzione lirica. A rafforzare la modernità di questo personaggio contribuisce la concezione della poesia, alla quale viene riconosciuto un valore autonomo di conoscenza.
Le scritture umaniste
L' amore per i classici si tradusse nella ricerca di forme eleganti, chiare e raffinate ed ebbe sulla scrittura effetti interessanti. Nel Trecento circolavano ancora i manoscritti su pergamena e su carta filigranata, con ingombranti legature. I manoscritti erano vergati in mercantesca, scrittura prevalentemente usata dai commercianti, ricca di abbreviazioni e di ghirigori, o in minuscola cancelleresca, grafia caratterizzata da tratti meglio leggibili e più eleganti. Soprattutto con Francesco Petrarca e Coluccio Salutati si rafforza e si diffonde l'esigenza di adottare una scrittura più comprensibile e di ridurre il formato dei codici, che cominciano ad assumere una forma decisamente più maneggevole, potendo così esser letti con maggiore agilità e non necessariamente su un leggio, come avveniva nel passato.
La vita
Francesco Petrarca nacque ad Arezzo il 20 luglio 1304 da una famiglia agiata. Il padre ser Petracco, notaio fiorentino, era un fuoriuscito politico come Dante, suo amico, essendo stato esiliato dalla fazione dei Neri nel 1302. Nel 1309, revocata la condanna, la famiglia decise di trasferirsi ad Avignone, per trovare più sicura sistemazione. Sicché Francesco, dopo i primi studi, a 12 anni cominciò a frequentare l'università di Montpellier per apprendere le materie giuridiche. Trasferitosi a Bologna a 16 anni con il fratello Gherardo, iniziò a comporre i primi versi in volgare. Allontanatosi dagli studi di diritto che non si sentiva congeniali, tornò ad Avignone nel 1326. Nel pieno di una vita dissipata, si dedicò all'attività poetica ispirata a una donna incontrata il 6 aprile 1327 nella chiesa di Santa Chiara, alla quale si rivolge con il senhal di Laura. Spinto dal desiderio di una vita agiata, prese gli ordini minori grazie ai quali ebbe accesso a cariche lucrose, e poté frequentare personaggi potenti e vicini della curia papale.
Fedele alle istanze classiche, in base alle quali l'esercizio letterario non deve limitarsi a elevare lo spirito, ma anche a conseguire la fama terrena, Petrarca concretizzò la sua aspirazione nel 1341, quando ricevette in Campidoglio l'incoronazione poetica da parte di Roberto I d'Angiò per il poema Africa.
Seguì un periodo nel quale il contrasto fra il desiderio di gloria mondana e l'aspirazione a quella ultraterrena si acuì a tal punto da sfociare in una vera e propria crisi religiosa, alimentata dalla consacrazione del fratello Gherardo a monaco cistercense. Negli stessi anni si colloca l'impegno politico e civile di Petrarca, fervido sostenitore di Cola di Rienzo, con il quale intraprese una fitta corrispondenza, e degli ideali della restaurazione della Repubblica romana.
Tra il 1348 e il 1351 iniziò a visitare le corti di vari signori italiani, e finì con lo stabilirsi presso Giovanni Visconti, dove rimase fino al 1361. Nel 1367 scelse Padova come sua dimora definitiva e morì ad Arquà nel 1374.
L'epistolario e le opere polemiche
La perfetta conoscenza della lingua latina e la duttilità con la quale ne fece uso traspaiono dall'epistolario del Petrarca. Suddiviso in Rerum familiarum (350 epistole in ventiquattro libri, scritte fino al 1336), Rerum senilium (120 epistole in diciassette libri, dal 1361 al 1374), Variae (57 lettere), l'epistolario è costituito da componimenti letterari squisitamente rifiniti. Ogni riferimento a persone, fatti, luoghi è eliminato e tuttavia il poeta affida ai suoi scritti il proprio io travagliato, desideroso di confessarsi. Nella raccolta di 19 lettere, denominata Sine nomine perché pubblicate senza il nome del destinatario, Petrarca si scaglia contro la corruzione della curia avignonese, auspicando un ritorno alla purezza evangelica e schierandosi a favore di una funzione laica della politica, promotrice dei valori di libertà e di pace. Il divario culturale che sussiste tra la generazione di Dante e quella di Petrarca e le conseguenti scelte ideologiche appaiono evidenti in due opere polemiche, le Invectivae contra medicum (scambio di accuse tra il poeta e un medico della corte avignonese, scritte tra il 1352 e il 1355) e il De sui ipsius et multorum ignorantia, composto tra 1367 e 1370. Se nella prima si sostiene la superiorità del sapere letterario-morale su quello tecnico-scientifico, nella seconda il dibattito si sposta su questioni prettamente filosofiche.
Ritratto di Sant'Agostino
Il poeta contesta le sterili quaestiones della scolastica medievale, facendo leva sul pensiero platonico pervenutogli attraverso l'attenta rilettura di sant'Agostino. Queste dispute, a suo parere, non consentono di sviluppare una coscienza personale e tantomeno favoriscono una crescita intellettuale, in quanto si trincerano dietro l'autorità del verbo aristotelico.
Le opere filosofiche
Con Petrarca, dunque, entra in crisi quell'incrollabile fede dantesca in un ordine perfetto del mondo, dominato dai rigorosi schemi concettuali del sillogismo. Petrarca predilige la contemplazione del proprio io che si manifesta in opere ispirate agli ideali del cristianesimo. Nel Secretum, concepito tra il 1342 e il 1343 e rimaneggiato fra il 1353 e il 1358, attraverso un dialogo in tre libri tra il poeta e sant'Agostino, Petrarca compie un esame della propria anima, identificando nell'amore smodato per la gloria terrena e nella passione per Laura le colpe più gravi che lo sviano dal pensiero delle cose eterne. Nonostante il poeta ambisca alla pace dell'anima, tutte le contraddizioni rimangono insolute di fronte alla debolezza della sua volontà, incapace di sottrarsi all'orgoglio della propria intelligenza, al desiderio di una vita agiata e alla lussuria. In questo esame di coscienza Petrarca trova conforto nello studio dei classici, che egli considera anticipatori delle verità cristiane.
La conciliazione tra cultura pagana e cristianesimo caratterizza anche il De vita solitaria, scritta nel 1346. In quest'opera l'esaltazione della solitudine è motivo di purificazione dell'anima, attraverso la preghiera, e di elevazione tramite il colloquio con i classici e l'esercizio poetico. A seguito di una visita al fratello Gherardo, il poeta compose, nel 1357, il De otio religioso, nel quale esa
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büyük bölümünü ve savaşın sonuna doğru V-1 ve V-2 roketlerinin bir kısmını da kamuflaj boyasıyla kaplamışlardı.
II. Dünya savaşının sonlarından itibaren Nose-art süslemelerinde pin-up figürleri zamanla yerlerini daha çok esprili, şirin figürlere bırakmışlardı. Walt Disney’in çizgi resim karakterleri sıklıkla seçilerek uçak gövdelerinde görülmeye başlamıştı.
Kore savaşında Amerika bombardıman uçaklarını genellikle kamuflaj boyası uygularken, B-26 uçakları için gece uçuş görevleri için koyu lacivert siyah boyamışlardı. Bu savaşta kamuflaj boyama teknikleri konusunda Amerikan hava kuvvetleri çok fazla araştırma yapmıştı. Soğuk savaş süresince kamuflaj boyaması hakkında değişik teknikler geliştirilmişti. Vietnam savaşında tüm avcı, orada konuşlu bombardıman, nakliye uçakları ile helikopterlere kamuflaj boyası uygulanırken bu konunun önemiyle ilgili iç yazışmalar daha sonra gün ışığına çıkmıştı. Pervaneden jet çağına geçişte askeri uçaklardaki nose-art, tail-art vb. uygulamalara ara verilmişti.
Vietnam savaşıyla birlikte uçak gemisinden operasyon yapan jet uçakları, deniz suyunun aşındırıcı etkisine dayanıklı boya ve sonraki yıllarda bunlara ilaveten radar dalgalarını emici özel boyalar uygulandığı için fazla süslenmemişlerdi.
Devam edecek...加拿大烟草企业吃124亿美元罚单
加拿大魁北克高等法院１日就两桩历时１７年的烟民集体诉讼案作出判定，央浼加拿大３家烟草企业对魁北克省烟民作出超过１５５亿加元（约合１２４亿美元）的德行和刑罚性赔偿，缘起是它们没能满盈警惕抽烟不妨带来的阻止。加拿大烟草企业吃124亿美元罚单乐富门烟 受苦烟草企业网罗英美烟草公司的子公司加拿大帝国烟草公司、黑魔鬼烟日本烟草公司（ＪＴＩ）旗下的ＪＴＩ—麦克唐纳烟草公司和菲利普·莫里斯国际公司的子公司笑富门金边臣烟草公司，它们是两起整体诉讼案的被告。
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<<登喜路与烟斗----东方烟草网 勇者斗恶龙：建造者2》新人物情报：露露和船长>>《呈周务本三绝》由宋代诗人郑刚中创作。阅读完这首诗词，您就知道“民因吏扰愈荒疲，不得田园破一犁。此邑端须知令尹，春来处处麦连畦。”上一句和下一句是什么，诗词全文是什么。
民因吏扰愈荒疲，不得田园破一犁。
此邑端须知令尹，春来处处麦连畦。
郑刚中简介
宋代郑刚中的简介
郑刚中（1088年—未知），字亨仲，婺州金华人。生于宋哲宗元祐三年，卒于高宗绍兴二十四年，年六十七岁。登绍兴进士甲科。累官四川宣抚副使，治蜀颇有方略，威震境内。初刚中尝为秦桧所荐；后桧怒其在蜀专擅，罢责桂阳军居住。再责濠州团练副使，复州安置；再徙封州卒。桧死，追谥忠愍。刚中著有北山集（一名腹笑编）三十卷，《四库总目》又有周易窥余、经史专音等，并传於世。…Critica frasi
La critica è qualcosa che possiamo evitare facilmente non dicendo nulla, non facendo nulla e non essendo nulla.
Qualsiasi sciocco può criticare, lamentarsi e condannare, e la maggior parte degli sciocchi lo fa. Ma ci vuole carattere e autocontrollo per essere comprensivi e perdonare.
Puoi produrre molti più risultati nel mondo con accettazione e apprezzamento, piuttosto che solo critiche tossiche
Hai nemici? Bene. Ciò significa che hai difeso qualcosa, a volte nella tua vita.
Fai ciò che ritieni giusto nel tuo cuore, perché sarai comunque criticato.
Lascia che il miglioramento di te stesso ti tenga così occupato da non avere tempo per criticare gli altri.
Ogni volta che hai voglia di criticare qualcuno... ricorda solo che tutte le persone in questo mondo non hanno avuto i vantaggi che hai avuto tu.
Abbiamo passato così tanto tempo a giudicare ciò che gli altri hanno creato, che abbiamo creato molto, molto poco di noi stessi.
Fai le tue cose e non importa se a loro piace.
Se qualcuno è diverso da te, non è qualcosa che critichi, è qualcosa che apprezzi.
Non lasciare che l'arroganza ti salga alla testa e la disperazione al tuo cuore; non lasciare che i complimenti ti salgano alla testa e le critiche al tuo cuore; non lasciare che il successo ti dia alla testa e il fallimento al tuo cuore.
Tutte frasi critica ⇑
Ogni volta che stai per criticare qualcuno, poniti la seguente domanda: quale dei miei difetti assomiglia di più a quello che sto per criticare?
Amo l'America più di ogni altro Paese al mondo e, proprio per questo, insisto sul diritto di criticarla perennemente.
Spesso chi critica gli altri rivela ciò che a lui stesso manca.
Le parole con cui il cuore di un bambino è avvelenato, sia per malizia che per ignoranza, rimangono impresse nella sua memoria e prima o poi gli bruciano l'anima.
Di tutte le assurde supposizioni dell'umanità sull'umanità, niente supera la maggior parte delle critiche fatte alle abitudini dei poveri da chi è ben alloggiato, ben riscaldato e ben nutrito.
Non prestare attenzione a ciò che scrivono su di te. Basta misurarlo in pollici.
Una volta in un'ora d'oro getto sulla terra un seme. Lassù venne un fiore, diceva la gente, un'erbaccia.Personal Safety for Babies, Toddlers, and Preschoolers
When it comes to safety, the earliest teachable moment is the best teachable moment, as long as this is done in a way that builds understanding and skills instead of creating anxiety or fear.
According to MojoMom author Dr. Amy Tiemann, “Earliest Teachable Moment is practical, compassionate, and backed by years of real-world-tested expertise. This book is a must-have for any parenting library–for yourself, a loved one, or a baby shower gift. Irene van der Zande is the author of the classic parenting guide, 1,2,3…The Toddler Years: A Practical Guide for Parents and Caregivers which for over 25 years has helped new parents navigate the waters through the all-important first few years of life. Now, van der Zande combines her toddler-parenting expertise with her work as the Founder and Executive Director ofKidpower, a leading international organization teaching personal safety to people of all ages. Earliest Teachable Moment gives parents and caregivers information and tools to create emotional safety, boundaries, and positive relationships, and shows how to teach basic skills to young children.”
From the day babies are born, parents, educators, and other caring adults teach and model how to be safe around cars, water, fire, and people. These habits create more joy and reduce risk. Use this book to build these everyday skills and habits in order to protect young children from harm, help them develop strong relationships, and teach them skills for being safe and having fun with people. Topics include how to:
- Create emotional safety for new parents
- Help small children develop healthy boundaries and positive communication skills
- Use puppets, small books, and songs to increase understanding of safety rules and skills for being safe with people
- Make safety plans and check first
- Choose safe people to care for your children
- Answer “why” questions without giving too much information
- Cope with small children who wander, climb, and hide
- Protect young children from harm
- Put safety first in daily life
Author Irene van der Zande is the founder and executive director of Kidpower International and also the author of the bestselling book, 1, 2, 3.. The Toddler Years: A Practical Guide for Parents and Caregivers, which is used in early childhood programs internationally and has a foreword by Magda Gerber, early childhood development pioneer and founder of Respect for Infant Educarers (RIE). In Earliest Teachable Moment, Irene provides inspiring stories, clear explanations, and positive practices showing how to use the skills and strategies developed in Kidpower since 1989 to increase the personal safety of young children in ways that are empowering and joyful.
All income from books sales goes to help our nonprofit organization cover the cost of publication and of providing educational resources.紅色彌撒
有“紅色彌撒”。紅色彌撒是每年在天主教會為法官、律師、法學院教授、法律系學生和政府官員舉行的彌撒。
根據加拿大不列顛哥倫比亞省溫哥華總主教教區的說法，“紅色彌撒是為紀念法律職業而舉行的彌撒，是為正義和公益服務的職業。這是教會祝福和加強法律職業的傳統之一。天主給予法律界人士的恩典和天主教會的教導，幫助我們實現公平和正義的目標。“
“第一次有記錄的紅色彌撒於1245年在巴黎舉行。這種紅色彌撒，所謂紅色祭披，傳統上是聖神降臨瞻禮降臨在宗徒身上的火舌的象徵，傳遍整個歐洲，并延續到世界各地。今天，紅色彌撒每年在許多城市舉行，包括加拿大的埃德蒙頓、多倫多、渥太華和魁北克等城市。法律、政治和專業領域的領導人物參加紅色彌撒，仍然是天主教律師與其信仰團體建立聯系的重要場合。其中最大的一次是在華盛頓特區舉行的，在美國最高法院的年度任期開始。參加這次紅彌撒的有天主教和非天主教法官以及參眾兩院的議員。“
（譯）Açıklama
- Zeytin ve zeytinyağının saç ve cilt üzerindeki faydalarını biliyoruz.
- Zeytinyağı sabunu özellikle cilt sorunları için çok şifalı bir bitki sabunudur.
- Hiçbir renk ve koku katkısı içermeyen, saf sızma zeytinyağı ile yapılır.
- Zeytinyağı sabunu E vitamini deposudur.
Faydaları:
• Özellikle kuru ciltler için idealdir.
• Saçlarda kan dolaşımı
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and the environment had been extremely insufficient and caused rising health concerns. As a form of risk management, REACH was implemented in 2007.
There are three categories of testing that REACH registrants must have sufficient data on for chemical registration. These categories include:
- Physiochemical Properties
- Ecotoxicological Information
- Toxicological Information
Situ Biosciences’ Analytical and Ecotoxicological Laboratories can perform testing on chemicals to generate the data required for the Physiochemical Properties and Ecotoxicological information registration components.
For Ecotoxicology testing, customers request the following:
- Acute Daphnia Toxicity (OECD 202)
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- Ready Biodegradation (OECD 301)
- Abiotic Degradation-hydrolysis (OECD 111)
- Absorption Coefficient (OECD 121)
- Long-Term Toxicity on fish (OECD 210, 212, 215)
- Bioconcentration in Fish
- Effects on Terrestrial Organism (Invertebrates, Soil organisms and Plants only)
- Long-term effects on Terrestrial Organisms (Invertebrates, Soil organisms and Plants only)
- Sediment Dwelling Organisms (OECD 218/219, 225)
For the Analytical testing to determine the Physiochemical properties of a test substance, customers request the following:
- Relative Density (OECD 109)
- Vapor Pressure (OECD 104)
- Water Solubility (OECD 105)
- Partition Coefficient n-Octanol/Water (OECD 107, 117)
- Flash Point
- Dissociation Constant (OECD 112)
- Viscosity (OECD 114)
For more information on testing for REACH Compliance, contact our Laboratory at 847-483-9950 or email@example.com.By Joan West in conversation with Mabel Janes
Mabel Janes lived at Sunnybank, later to be called White House Farm in Highwood Bottom. Her parents were Boas and Caroline Janes. Boas was recorded as a poultry farmer.
Bounded to the north-east by a private bridleway and Grimsditch, to the south by Highwood Bottom - the old road from Speen to Loosley Row by-passing Lacey Green - and to the North and East by what had been Kings Wood, which was common woodland where people would go to pick up wood after high winds. Recently felled, she remembered people still going there to dig up the chucks (roots) for firewood.
Across the valley at the top of the opposite side was a footpath which ran from Speen to Loosley Row. People walked this path to collect the 'poor money' which was paid out at Loosley Row - 2/6d (12.5p) per week.
Mabel knew Emily Ginger who lived with her sister Ann who kept the Black Horse. Emily was a simple soul. She always curtsied to the big crab apple tree in the back meadow of Stocken Farm because it reminded her of Mr.Brown who had farmed there until 1885.
When William Saunders was farming at Stocken farm Mabel could sometimes hear shouting from Sunnybank, for he had a very loud voice. Life was hard, when asked "What did you're parents do if they had the toothache?" she answered "They just had to lump it."
Extra money was hard to come by. Stone picking in the fields was always welcome for some pin money for the women.
Mabel started school at Loosley Row where the 3 to 7 year olds went. Quite a walk for a three year old from Highwood Bottom. At 7 they moved up to Lacey Green. Minnie Brown, just one year younger was her friend throughout their long lives (See Minnie Brown). By 1904 all ages 3 to 13 were taken at both schools.
It was in 1904 that Mabel became a teacher at Lacey Green, where she was a schoolmistress for 45 years. The school then consisted of two rooms, a small one for the infants and a bigger one for the other grades. She thought there were between 70 - 100 pupils and at times three teachers and a headmaster.
The boys could take the labour exam at 11 years and then take a job, perhaps say, holding the head of a plough horse or such.
Edith Crook, who walked with a stick, (the daughter of John Crook, a superior type who was farm bailiff at Stocken Farm for Mr.Forrest) was a suplimentary teacher.
Connie Redding, daughter of another bailiff impaled her leg on the iron railings at the school.
She remembered Mr.Forrest having a pipeline laid from Stocken Farm down to Grymsdyke to take any overflow from the water tanks at Stocken. He then had a well dug a Grymsdyke. Mabel was told it was 303 feet deep, but when there was a drought, possibly 1893, it was taken down another 48 feet.
During the First world War the Royal Engineers were billeted in the village. They took the small schoolroom and the Home Meadow at Stocken Farm next to the school. The horses were stabled at the farm and exersizes were done in the field. The farm dining room was made into an army hospital and the grain store into their blacksmith`s workshop. Mabel recalled parties at Stocken Farm where I imagine they played cards.
In her old age Mabel lodged in the village and most days, sometimes twice a day, could be seen catching the bus to Risborough or Wycombe to do errands for anyone she was able to. She died just a few days off her 100th birthday.
More Reminiscences of My Girlhood
By Con Baker - the oldest person in our village. Recorded in 2000, when Con was 91, for Dennis Claydon, our local historian and Parish Councillor.
When I was born in the cottage at Loosley House, my father was the chauffeur there and my mother a nurse maid. I had a very happy childhood there. Dad was driving the only car in the village at the time and I used to run up the back way to the front door. It was really great fun living there, when we used to care-take there. We used to go down this grassy bank on a tin tray down as far as to the tennis court at the bottom of the bank - great fun. There was a plantation we called the Wilderness, and there used to be grapes in the green house which I was never allowed to touch of course.
I am going to tell you about the Loosley Row Baptists Sunday School which was very enjoyable. At half past ten we had to be at our class dressed up in our best, after on a Saturday just wearing any old rubbish, so Sunday was the day for dressing up. Off we went to Sunday school and had our names called and put down in the register. You were given a little ticket with a text on it; you collected all these tickets and when you had so many you had a morning hymn book. Then we had a prayer and a hymn, which was nearly always "God sees the little sparrow fall, it meets his tender view". We had that with Mr Lacey playing the violin and another gentleman on the organ. Mr Albert Rixon would take the class of girls and have a reading from the bible and perhaps another prayer. By that time it got round to 12 o'clock, so off we went back home again.
We went home for Sunday dinner, which was quite an event: Roast beef and Yorkshire pudding with horseradish sauce, which my dad always made. It was so hot it made tears come in my eye - after that, apple pie. Then back to Sunday school for quarter to two. Name-call again, then a prayer or hymn. Then the congregation started coming in and we had to sit on the platform and the parson would come. My goodness the sermon went on for hours and hours. But it was only half past three and as a special treat we were allowed out before the parson. Then home for tea and then a walk with my Mum and Dad, sometimes to Speen Farm where my aunt lived and sometimes to Downley Common, where another aunt lived - which was quite a walk.
At school we had the scripture exam. That was always in November, freezing cold, and we used to go in the mornings. The minister used to come from Hamden, I don't know whether on a bicycle or not, but it was always freezing cold and he always had a dewdrop dripping from his nose, which made the children laugh, although we didn't dare let him see us. But woe betide, you didn't stand much chance of getting the Bishop's prize if you went to the Methodists' Sunday School or the Baptists Sunday School, which I went to. It was nearly always the Church children who would win the prize, but I don't know, perhaps some of the other children did win. After the scripture exam, those of us who had bicycles went to Hamden Glade to get chestnuts. The eating ones, which was quite a lot in those days, which was quite fun, but what I remember mostly is the freezing cold - in November!
We got this concert up in the Village Hall. There were a whole lot of us, and the men borrowed the top hats from Mr John Saunders who used them for funerals: we girls wore blue dresses, very very fashionable. Harry Church did the lighting and Cath played the piano. We used to have the rehearsal on Good Friday. Good Friday was a nice day, we used to take a picnic and have real good fun. Easter Monday was the big day, we were all so excited, the village hall was nearly full and we really enjoyed ourselves dressing up and singing. We had a jolly Easter Monday entertaining the people of the village
Just a few words about the foundry at Loosley Row, which has been going for 200 years. My great-great-grandfather started the business and my family has carried on ever since, with my father who ran it for some years and my husband the late Fred Baker. Now we are very lucky and have got Graham and Geoffrey Baker who run the foundry, my daughter Jennifer who runs the office and my grandson Jeremy who is the wrought iron man - what he can't do with a piece of iron nobody can. They still make the most beautiful things. They have just done a piece of commemorative wrought iron work for West Wycombe church on the hill which takes 30 candles. Graham has done some wonderful chandeliers, very large ones really. During the war I used to have to help in the foundry blowing the bellows, melting brass, and I had to help carry the crucibles after casting with the iron. Now it's aluminium casting because they stopped us making iron. After all those years the government or overseas trade stopped us doing iron which was our living but we couldn't afford to have the furnace done so away went our trade. But we're still busy most of the time making things that people want, like weather vanes with owls, ploughs, dogs and horses. At the moment Graham is making a racing car - so we continue. May God bless us and keep us going.
An "Old Boy" Remembers School Years At St John's School
My Name: Douglas Brett
Born: 16 December 1917 Left School: 1931 Aged 14
I was born in Chiswick, London at the end of World War 1. The Zeppelin raids were causing chaos and my mother cared single handedly for my brother Stanley (2 years older than me) myself and my Grandmother who was totally blind and dying of cancer. We moved from London to Naphill when I was a baby largely to escape the air raids. My father had abandoned us, paid no maintenance and severed all contact. I saw him once when I was about 8 years old for a few minutes only. Life was hard and it was 12 years before Mother got a divorce.
I started school at Naphill at the age of 4 for 2or 3 years until we moved to Lacey Green. We lived in a thatched cottage opposite the famous Tennis Courts (now demolished) in Church Lane. Our house had been condemned but the law was not enforced. It was rented from Fred Floyd local farmer. It was very basic. One bedroom, living room and tiny kitchen. There was a public footpath right through our garden and a pond 100 yards away. Because of close proximity to a small farm we were often overrun with rats which ran riot under the thatch and floor boards and there were masses of cockroaches.
Mother obtained the job of Gardener at the Vicarage, a hard and poorly paid job for a woman and my brother Stanley and I started school at St Johns about 1923/4. I must have been 6 or 7 years old. There were only 3 classrooms and 3 teachers, each taking more than one class. Some, I believe had had little formal training. In the Infants class I had my first punishment metered out - I had to stay behind after school finished and write out 50 or 100 lines "I must not talk". After completion teacher asked if I would now tell her what I was talking about. Reluctantly I said "I was asking Miss if you were married". She smiled and sent me home. I was unaware at that early age that the title "Miss" signified an unmarried state.
In many ways life was simpler then. No mains water and electricity, no radio or television, no media hype brain-washing children to demand designer clothes, trainers, etc. and the computer hadn't been invented. In many ways though I think we were more contented with the simple things of life. In the early 20's there were no buses and only 3 or 4 cars in the whole village and many children walked long distances to school. Pocket money was unknown.
Harvest time was a source of great excitement for the boys when the corn was cut and brought to the farm for thrashing. The farm above the school was a favourite haunt and we would stand round in a circle with sticks, and as the sheaths of corn were pitch forked on to the thrashing machine out would tumble numerous rats and mice. These we attacked with great gusto. Sometimes we went in the dinner hour and put a few live mice in our pockets - these we took back to school to release in the classroom in mid-afternoon to the consternation of teacher and the girls who stood squealing on their seats.
Money was short. The recent World War I had left economic depression and the weekly wage was little more that £2. There were only 2 village shops and for clothing, shoes, etc., we walked to Princes Risborough.
Baker's Round - A Baker from Risborough used to deliver bread round the village by pony and trap. He would wait outside when school finished and together we would go round the surrounding villages - Speen Highwood Bottom, Flowers Bottom etc., delivering bread in a big wicker basket. At other time I went to Fred Floyd's Farm Dairy. A large wooden churn was filled with cream which I would turn until converted into butter. Sometimes I delivered milk. We were not so mercenary as today's children and either performed tasks freely or for a few coppers.
The absence of cars meant that the main traffic was from horses and carts. I remember when someone was very ill near the school, straw was spread across the road to muffle the sound of cart wheels. Although no one had private telephones news spread quickly when someone died. The Church was notified and the bell tolled slowly once for each year of the dead person's life.
My mother later became Cook Housekeeper to the Vicar (Rev. Richard Gee) and his wife. They had been Missionaries in India before coming to Lacey Green. It meant early rising especially in winter when it would be quite dark on leaving home. We would stumble round Church Lane, through a small spinney into the Vicarage grounds, our way lit by a candle in a lantern.
On arrival to the Vicarage my first job was to pump water from the well to fill the tank. The range would be lit and when hot enough I would take a long fork and make the toast for the Vicar's breakfast. Mother and I would then go to the dining room, kneel down and join the Vicar for prayers after which I had my own breakfast and then school. We didn't leave the Vicarage until after the evening meal.
Mother's health was not very good and Mrs Gee I believe was largely responsible for persuading her to allow my brother Stanley to go to Dr. Barnardo's Home which caused us considerable anguish. When he was 12 or 13 he came home for 2 or 3 weeks summer holiday an
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人参加旺角反送中游行。游行过后，部分示威者转往大陆游客众多的尖沙咀海港城，突然几名身着黑衣的示威者爬上旗杆台，降下中共五星旗后丢入海中。
网上的视频显示，示威者在拆下五星旗时，不少大陆游客在下面观看。
（记者萧静综合报导/责任编辑：明轩）What are our seedlings?
-base to produce them are parent plants which grow in containers in one season;
-production is carried out in a greenhouse, in strictly controlled conditions, which excludes paralysis by pathogens;
-run regular monitoring of diseases and pests in order to prevent their occurrence on the plants;
-the whole production process carried out under the supervision of the employees of the State inspection of plant protection and seed, and offered for sale, the plants have the status of CAC;
-young seedlings are characterized by strong vigor, and the young root system provides fast plant growth after planting in place permanently.روغن زیتون فوق العاده سالم است. چربی های رژیمی بسیار بحث برانگیز هستند و بحث هایی درباره چربی های حیوانات، روغن های دانه ای و هر چیز دیگری که با تمام توان انجام می شود بحث و گفتگو است. گفته می شود، بیشتر مردم موافق هستند که بخشی از رژیم مدیترانه ای، این روغن سنتی برای برخی از سالم ترین جمعیت جهان جزء رژیم ها بوده است. مطالعات نشان می دهد که اسیدهای چرب و آنتی اکسیدان های موجود در روغن زیتون می توانند برخی از مزایای سلامتی قدرتمند از جمله کاهش خطر ابتلا به بیماری های قلبی را ارائه دهند. در این مقاله، چرا روغن زیتون یکی از سالم ترین چربی ها است بررسی شده است.
روغن زیتون چیست و چگونه تهیه می شود؟
روغن زیتون روغنی است که از زیتون، میوه درخت زیتون استخراج شده است. فرایند تولید بسیار ساده است. می توان زیتون ها را فشار داد تا روغن آنها را استخراج کنند، اما روش های مدرن شامل خرد کردن زیتون ها، مخلوط کردن آنها با یکدیگر و سپس جدا کردن روغن از پالپ در سانتریفیوژ است. پس از سانتریفیوژ، مقادیر کمی از روغن در گلدان باقی مانده است. روغن باقیمانده با استفاده از حلالهای شیمیایی قابل استخراج است و به عنوان زیتون شناخته می شود. روغن زیتون تخم مرغ معمولاً ارزانتر از روغن معمولی زیتون است و شهرت بدی دارد. خرید نوع مناسب روغن زیتون بسیار مهم است. سه روغن اصلی وجود دارد. روغن زیتون سالم ترین نوع روغن به حساب می آید. با استفاده از روشهای طبیعی استخراج می شود و برای خلوص و خصوصیات حسی خاصی مانند طعم و بو بطور استاندارد استاندارد می شود. طعم و مزه خاصی دارد و سرشار از آنتی اکسیدانهای فنلی است، دلیل اصلی مفید بودن آن است. از نظر قانونی، روغنهای گیاهی که دارای olive oil هستند، نمی توانند با انواع دیگر روغنها رقیق شوند. با این وجود، بررسی دقیق برچسب و خرید از یک فروشنده معتبر ضروری است.|If it weren't for this man, we may not be here today.|
On October 27th, 1962 during the peak of the Cuban Missile Crisis the aircraft carrier USS Randolph and eleven other accompanying destroyers detected near cuba the Soviet Foxtrot-class submarine B-59 whose mission was to support the Soviet delivery of arms to Cuba. At the time of this encounter the submarine had not been in contact with Moscow for severals days, and although earlier had been picking up US civilian broadcasts, in order to evade the American carrier group dove too deep to monitor any radio traffic.
Unbeknownst, to the United States Navy (USN) this particular submarine in addition to its 21 conventionally armed torpedoes contained one more torpedo armed with a 10-kiloton nuclear warhead. By way of comparison, Little Boy – the bomb dropped on Hiroshima – was 15 kilotons.
At this time, the US vessels began dropping practice depth charges (with low energy explosives), in an attempt to force the B-59 to the surface for positive identification. Messages from USN that practice depth charges were being used however never reached the submarine, nor it seems Soviet naval headquarters. One of the crew, the signals officer Vadim Orlov, described the scene: "The [depth charges] exploded right next to the hull. It felt like you were sitting in a metal barrel, which somebody is constantly blasting with a sledgehammer. The situation was quite unusual, if not to say shocking–for the crew."¹ The temperature rose sharply, inside the engine room especially. The sub then went dark, with only emergency lights functioning. Carbon dioxide in the air reached near-lethal levels barely allowing the crew to breath. Orlov continues: "One of the duty officers fainted and fell down. Then another one followed, then the third one. . . . They were falling like dominoes. But we were still holding on, trying to escape. We were suffering like this for about four hours." Then "the Americans hit us with something stronger. . . . We thought–that's it–the end."
The captain of the B-59, Velentin Grigorievitch Savitsky, unable to contact the general staff and feeling his back was against the wall ordered the officer in charge of the nuclear torpedo to prepare it for battle and is quoted as shouting, "Maybe the war has already started up there, while we are doing somersaults here. We're going to blast them now! We will die, but we sill sink them all–we will not disgrace our Navy."
Vasili Arkhipov (pictured above) stood in opposition and eventually persuaded captain Savitsky to surface the submarine – plainly visible to the U.S. fleet – and await orders from Moscow.
Had Arkhipov not been the wise person he was and instead agreed with his fellow officers on that fateful day and launched their torpedo – destroying themselves, the USS Randolph and accompanying destroyers – given the hair trigger status of both the Soviet and United States militaries, it is almost a foregone conclusion that a full nuclear exchange would have occurred.
If this bit of history is as new & shocking to you as it was to me, you may be equally shocked to learn of the incredible and predominantly untold chain of events that led to that spine-chilling day in 1962 as well as those that have followed all the way to the present. Was the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States inevitable, especially in the light of both countries being allies during World War II? Did the U.S. have to drop The Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? How has the many decades of mutual distrust affected the way we view one another and framed our social & political narratives – both domestic and in relation to how we have treated the many nations & peoples throughout the world?
To garner a deeper & clearer understanding into these questions – and many more – this next gripping ten-part documentary series from director Oliver Stone opens before us a view of history that has until now been obscured by officialdom and which today is of critical importance to be understood if we are to come to a more peaceful, thriving & enlightened world view.
¹ This quote and those following excerpted from the book, "The Untold History of the United States."
The Untold History of the United States
NOTE: While playing these episodes from Disclose.tv if any of these videos stop and stutter from inadequate download speed pause them for a bit and they will buffer up enough for smooth playing.
Chapter 1 – World War I
Chapter 2 – Roosevelt, Truman & Wallace
Chapter 3 – The Bomb
Chapter 4 – The Cold War 1945-1950
Chapter 5 – The 50s: Eisenhower, The Bomb & The Third World
Unfortunately I can't seem to find a version of episode 5 at the moment on the web. If anyone out there happens to locate one I can embed please leave me a note in the comments. Thank you!
Chapter 6 – JFK: To The Brink
Chapter 7 – Johnson, Nixon & Vietnam: Reversal of Fortune
Chapter 8 – Reagan, Gorbachev & Third World: Rise of the Right
Chapter 9 – Bush & Clinton: American Triumphalism--New World Order
Unfortunately I could not locate an embeddable version of this episode either. If anyone knows where I can find one please let me know by commenting below. Thanks again!
Chapter 10 – Bush & Obama: Age of Terror
If you enjoyed this series and would like to dig further into the many incredible events throughout this period of American history, pick up a copy of the companion book to this documentary:梦境描述：
阿赫梦见自己走在自己很久之前去游玩过的威尼斯的街道上，看着梦里身边熟悉的街道和小店，他觉得自己仿佛又回到了在威尼斯游玩的那几天。阿赫在街上走着，他突然看见一个熟悉的身影，但是他想不起来那个人是谁，于是他便跟了上去，想要看清楚那个人是谁。阿赫一路尾随那个人，他拐进了一个小巷子里，阿赫也跟了过去，他发现他曾经到过这个地方，可是周围十分的昏暗，他看不清楚那个人往哪里去了，阿赫就这样跟丢了。
梦境解析：梦见在一座遥远的城市里有一条熟悉但比较黑暗的街道，表示你将会很快进行一次旅行，但此次行程不会带来预期的快乐。
词义延伸：
梦见没穿衣服在街上跑——暗示学习运上升，有可能得到上司的当众表扬，使你神采飞扬。
做生意的人梦见没穿衣服在街上跑——预示你的财运看涨。受到假期的影响，接受长辈馈赠的几率提高。做生意的有望获得高利润的回报。
单身者梦见没穿衣服在街上跑——不得不出行，虽然很辛苦，还是要去。
梦见没穿衣服大街上裸奔——暗示最近情绪不稳定，忽好忽坏，这可能是睡眠不足导致的，多注意休息。
未婚的人梦见没穿衣服在大街上裸奔——预兆您的爱情一时的成功，但结果失败。
离异丧偶者梦见没
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cere di Jose Antonio Anzoategui, meglio conosciuto come Puente Ayala, a Caracas, in Venezuela. Tuttavia la donna non aveva fatto i conti con il peso di quel trolley che lei, ugualmente di piccola taglia, non era in grado di trascinare senza innescare sospetti.
Come riporta El Universal, Antonieta Saouda Robles, 25 anni, e la figlia di 6 anni sono entrate nel penitenziario per far visita al 28enne Ibrain José Vargas Garcia, accusato di furto di auto e condannato a 9 anni e 8 mesi di detenzione. Una volta in cella con il compagno, Antonieta gli ha chiesto di dar prova delle sue doti di contorsionismo e infilarsi all'interno del bagaglio. L'uomo ci è riuscito e lei si è diretta verso l'uscita sperando di riuscire a farlo evadere. Tuttavia quella valigia così ingombrante e così pesante ha destato qualche sospetto negli agenti della Guardia azionale che hanno iniziato a guardare con perplessità la difficoltà di Antonieta nel trasportare il trolley, chiedendole di aprirlo: al suo interno, pressato come una sardina, c'era Ibrain.
Il piano è stato sventato, l'uomo è stato rispedito in cella e Antonieta è stata arrestata. La bimba, per adesso, è stata affidata al Consiglio che si occupa della protezione dei bambini e degli adolescenti.
© RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA
Mercoled├Č 11 Gennaio 2017, 15:57This is an exercise in the Born-Haber cycle. Look that up in your text or use the Internet (Google). You add the separate equations you have (you can multiply them or reverse them if needed) to get the final equation for the formation from the elements. If you multiply them, multiply the heats of formation. If you reverse an equation, change the sign of the heat of formation but keep the number the same. Just taking a quick look, it appears equation 2 stays as is, equation 1 is reversed, and equation 3 stays as is but you will need to check me out on that. I tried to do it in my head and sometimes these things don't work very well with that many numbers and symbols flying around.
REWRITE the three reactions and their ∆H's
(a) Reverse the 1st reaction and change the algebraic sign of its ∆H
(b) Leave the 2nd reaction and its ∆H unchanged.
(c) Double the 3rd reaction (multiply all its coefficients by 2). Double its ∆H, also.
(d) ADD the three rewritten reactions and do the cancellations of like terms. If you did it correctly, the simplified reaction should be:
C(graphite) + 2 H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) -> CH3OH(l)
(e) COMBINE the ∆H's of the three rewritten reactions algebraically to get the ∆H of the formation reaction of CH3OH.
Your answer should be between -200kJ and -300kJ
This is an example of a Hess's Law problem. Your textbook should have some solved examples. Here is one solved example online:
And I need to correct my first response. After reading GK's response, I realize I called this the Born-Haber cycle. That is similar but this is an example of Hess's Law.به گزارش عصرهامون
، این روزها که همه جهان درگیر کرونا ویروس است، چابهار؛ به عنوان بزرگترین بندر اقیانوسی کشور روزهای پر رونقی را سپری می کند، علاوه بر ورود بخشی از کالاهای اساسی مورد نیاز کشور از طریق این بندر صادرات و واردت دیگر کالاها نیز رونق خاصی به خود گرفته است.
در این میان این بندر فرصتی مهم برای تبادل تجاری هند و افغانستان محسوب می شود و بهترین گزینه برای جابه جایی کالا بین این 2 کشور است.
در همین راستا با افتتاح فاز نخست طرح توسعه بندر شهید بهشتی، واردات محموله های اهدایی هند به افغانستان آغاز شد و علاوه بر این که به نفع 2 کشور بود رونق بسیار خوبی را از نظر اشتغال در منطقه به همراه داشت.
از فروردین ماه امسال هم کشتی های حامل سری جدید کمک های انسان دوستانه هند به افغانستان در بندر چابهار شروع به پهلوگیری کرد که در این راستا تاکنون سه کشتی در آب های چابهار لنگر انداخته و تخلیه و خروج 2 محموله انجام شده است.
ورود 75 هزار تن گندم اهدایی هند
بهروز آقایی، مدیرکل بنادر و دریانوردی سیستان و بلوچستان در این خصوص به خبرنگار ما بیان کرد: طبق برنامه مدون، سومین پارت از محموله ۷۵ هزار تنی گندم ترانزیتی در قالب سری جدید کمک های انسان دوستانه کشور هند به افغانستان از طریق بزرگترین بندر اقیانوسی کشور وارد و عملیات تخلیه آن نیز به پایان رسید.
وی ادامه داد: در این راستا در روزهای پایانی فروردین ماه و ابتدای اردیبهشت ماه امسال ۲ محموله گندم در مجموع به وزن ۱۵ هزار تن از هند وارد بندر چابهار شد.
به گفته این مقام مسئول، سومین کشتی حامل این محموله نیز، روز گذشته با ۲۵۰ کانتینر ۲۰ فوت با وزن بالغ بر ۶ هزار تن وارد بندر شهید بهشتی چابهار شد و بلافاصله عملیات تخلیه این کالا از کشتی آغاز شد.
آقایی با اشاره به ارسال کامل اولین و دومین محموله گندم اهدایی هند به افغانستان، اضافه کرد: سومین محموله این کمک های بشر دوستانه نیز پس از انجام تشریفات گمرکی از طریق مرز میلک - زرنج به ولایات هرات، قندهار، بغلان، کابل و بلخ منتقل می شود.
خروج 638 کانتینر از چابهار به مقصد افغانستان
وی با بیان این که ۵۴ هزار تن باقی مانده از سری جدید کمک های هند به افغانستان به تدریج وارد بندر چابهار می شود، تصریح کرد: بخش اول و دوم از گندم اهدایی دولت هند پس از تخلیه از کشتی در بندر شهید بهشتی چابهار، در قالب ۶۳۸ کانتیتر بارگیری و از طریق مرز میلک - زرنج به افغانستان ارسال شد.
مدیرکل بنادر و دریانوردی سیستان و بلوچستان اذعان کرد: اولویت اصلی این اداره کل انتقال سریع محموله ترانزیتی به مرز میلک جهت ورود به کشور افغانستان است که در این راستا همکاریهای خوبی بین شرکت حمل و نقل زمینی، اداره کل گمرک چابهار، اداره کل بنادر و دریانوردی استان و اپراتور بندر شهید بهشتی در جریان است.
آقایی میانگین توقف این کالا را در بندر چابهار کمتر از ۵ روز اعلام و ابراز امیدواری کرد: تجار و بازرگانان افغانستان میتوانند از ظرفیت کانتینرهای مرجوعی و ناوگان برگشتی از این کشور جهت صادرات کالا از طریق بندر چابهار استفاده کنند.
وی تاکید کرد: در صورت تامین کامیون توسط افغانستان، گندم اهدایی به صورت حمل یکسره از این بندر خارج و به مقصد منتقل می شود.
این مقام مسئول با اشاره به تاثیر چشمگیر صادرات و واردات کالا از طریق بندر چابهار در رونق اشتغال گفت: رونق تجارت در این بندر استراتژیک، علاوه بر رشد اشتغال مستقیم در عملیات بندری شامل تخلیه، بارگیری، نگهداری و تحویل کالا، ب
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f the Levels and criticised the Environment Agencies management strategy. Examine the causes of the Somerset Levels floods, and evaluate the flood management solutions.
During the autumn and winter of 2013 - 2014, an unusually high frequency of depressions moved across the Somerset Levels, causing both fluvial and pluvial flooding on a prodigious scale. The two main rivers which flow through the Levels, The River Tone and Parrett, burst their banks, spilling into the already heavily saturated flood plain. A major incident was declared and subsequently allowed the Somerset council to request financial, and physical, aid to the region (House of Commons, 2014).This essay highlights the key reasons the Somerset Levels flooded, as well as evaluating the main management solutions that were put forward during the peak of the flooding.
The autumn to winter period saw a record-breaking Jet Stream, fuelled by a diving cold Polar Vortex across the United States. With this, brought powerful storms across the United Kingdom (MetOffice, 2014). As the Polar Vortex moved southward, it interacted with the Jet Stream. This caused powerful Jet Streaks to form, thus producing rapid cyclogenesis in the mid-Atlantic. This pattern lasted several months, exacerbating the flooding issues across the Somerset Levels.
As the storms became more frequent, the water table filled up exponentially, as the majority of the soil inside in the Somerset Levels consists of clay and, further inland, peat (North Somerset Council, 2008). Every year the area experiences pluvial flooding due to its impermeable calcareous clays, which drains water very slowly (Soilscapes, n.d.). In places, parts of the rivers that run through the Levels sit above farmland, which allowed broken river banks to spill water onto the neighbouring fields. Combined with the waterlogged land, it makes the area incessantly prone to flooding (House of Commons, 2014).
The flooding eventually became a serious threat to residents and farmland which coerced the government to initialise flood management in the area, introducing extensive dredging upon the main rivers (Hartwell-Naguib and Roberts, 2014). This process takes silt deposits out from the river bed to increase the volume of the river. There has been a divide amongst the government and the Environment Agency as to whether this is a feasible and financially secure approach to flood management. The Environment Agency rejects that dredging rivers is the most important approach, as Lord Smith, chairman of the EA, claims that dredging the rivers would only make a small difference and that other management solutions would need to be applied (Guardian, 2014). The Environment Agency (Environment Agency, 2014) retains the idea that dredging would only work on a short-term basis, and the silt on the riverbed would soon return and need to be dredged once again, adding to the growing financial cost. Dredging also has a detrimental effect on the ecosystems that run within the river, as the UK Marine Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) adds that dredging causes a range of potentially damaging environmental effects on our rivers (UK Marine, n.d.). These effects include the removal of certain species and poor quality of water for those species, primarily caused by suspended sediment after the dredging process (UK Marine, n.d.). Although there appears to be a strong basis of negativity towards the process of dredging, it can also reduce the time that flooding occurs due to the increase of water conveyance within the river (CIWEM, 2014). Another idea to limit river levels was to introduce natural filter strips; vegetation is introduced to the banks of rivers to slow down rain water from running into the river. This could in turn slow down the rise of river levels, and limit the amount of water that breaks the river bank (North Somerset Council, 2008).
Another flood management solution that was recommended by the Environment Agency during the height of the floods was the use of high-capacity pumps from Holland. These pumps can drain up to 7.3 million tonnes of water each day out of the worst affected areas, into the River Sowey which then feeds into the River Parrett (CIWEM, 2014)(BBC News, 2014). The idea was to relieve pressure on the River Tone, as the surrounding areas were completely underwater. This system was highly effective at reducing water levels, however it unfortunately resulted in the displacement of water to other areas. This concluded in the areas, which previously were less affected, now being at a potential risk of flooding which caused a disposition in government.
The government had been heavily criticised by the media, organisations and local residents for not acting sooner. The Committee on Climate Change (CCC) had warned the government that cuts to annual flood risk management had left a hole in financial investment in flood management across the UK, and in particular, Somerset (Hartwell-Naguib and Roberts, 2014). The Environment Agency also commented that the 10-15% cut in funding could overshadow the Somerset Levels as it’s not seen as a main threat (Alex Marshall, 2014). Responding to these concerns, the government have recently announced that a number of temporary flood defences and pumping sites will be made permanent by supporting farmers to manage flood risk better, to ensure all new developments in the area have suitable drainage systems. (Department for Environment, 2014).
In summary the flood management solutions that were used to alleviate the Somerset floods came in far too late. The Somerset Levels are prone for flooding, yet only a small amount of preventative measures were put forward to protect those who were in potential danger. The dredging process has been the most popular form of flood management in the area, but due to its high cost and small effect on flood levels, it remains an issue as to whether it can continue as the main preventative system. A more permanent solution will need to be put forward that is both financially economic and suitable for the area, to ensure both residents and farmland are better protected.
Environment Agency. (2014).Dredging and Flood Risk.Available: www.ourcityourriver.co.uk/downloads/Dredging Leaflet.pdf. Last accessed 07/12/2014.
House of Commons. (2014).Winter Floods 2013/14.Available: www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/SN06809.pdf. [Accessed 06/12/2014.]
North Somerset Council. (2008).Strategic Flood Risk Assessment: Level 1.Available: https://www.n-somerset.gov.uk/Environment/Planning_policy_and-research/researchandmonitoring/Documents/Level 1 study of North Somerset (pdf).pdf. [Accessed 06/12/2014.]
Department for Environment. (2014).New action plan to protect Somerset from flooding.Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-action-plan-to-protect-somerset-from-flooding. [Accessed 30/11/2014.]
BBC. (2014).What are the Somerset Levels?.Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-26080597. [Accessed 28/11/20.]
BBC. (2014).UK floods: Somerset Levels Dutch pumps start work.Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-26167818. [Accessed 25/11/2014.]
UK Marine. (n.d.).Dredging and disposal: Suspended sediments and turbidity.Available: http://www.ukmarinesac.org.uk/activities/ports/ph5_2_3.htm. [Accessed 27/11/2014.]
Landis. (n.d.).Soilscapes.Available: http://www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/. [Accessed 27/11/2014.]
Meteorological Office. (2014).MetOffice.Available: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/interesting/2014-janwind. [Accessed 22/11/2014.]
Hartwell-Naguib, S & Roberts, N. (2014).Winter Floods 2013/14.Available: http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/briefing-papers/SN06809/winter-floods-201314. [Accessed 24/11/2014.]
CIWEM. (2014).Floods and Dredging - a reality check.Available: http://www.ciwem.org/media/1035043/floods_and_dredging_-_a_reality_check.pdf. [Accessed 26/11/2014.]
Alex Marshall. (2014).Environment Agency cuts: surviving the surgeon’s knife.Available: http://www.endsreport.com/41653/environment-agency-cuts-surviving-the-surgeons-knife. [Accessed 29/11/2014.]
Guardian. (2014).Lord Smith: 'EA staff know 100 times more than any politician about flooding'.Available: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/feb/10/lord-smith-ea-staff-know-100-times-more-on-flooding. [Accessed 30/11/2014.]
Structure your paragraphs! One point per paragraph. Make the essay flow. Every paragraph should link to the next. Theoretically you should be able to read it backwards and it’ll make sense.
Point – make your point
Evidence – give your evidence
Explain – explain its relevance
Link- link to the next paragraph
Be careful with abbreviations. You can abbreviate only after you have written it in full once with the abbreviation after i.e. United Kingdom (UK). Then later you can use UK.
Be careful not to be too chatty, be formal! You’re not talking to a friend.
Don’t add new points in your conclusion paragraph. This is a summary of what you’ve already discussed. Summarise!
Make sure your referencing everything! You can’t just know something, you have to prove how you know it and who it’s from. Try to use credited references from research papers/articles, don’t use Wikipedia or web pages, BBC news isn’t great either.
Write all numbers in long hand, i.e. one hundred not 100.
Remember 10% of your mark is in presentation. How does your uni want your essays presented? Font. Format etc.
Cite This Essay
To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below:ELVAN, geçen hafta AGC Center'da gazetecilerin konuğu olmuş, AGC Başkanı Dim'in "Anadolu Jet’in Ankara uçuşlarıyla ilgili THY'ye yazıp, çizdik. Uçuşlar saat 23.30 gibi geliş, sabah saat 07.00 gibi gidiş olsa iyi olur" talebi üzerine, THY Genel Müdürü Temel Kotil'i hemen telefonla arayıp talimat vermişti.
ARAYIP MÜJDEYİ VERDİ
Anadolu Jet, önceki gün uçuş saatlerini değiştirdiğini duyurdu ancak saatler Bakan Elvan'ın talimatına uygun değildi. Dim, Elvan'a da yönlendirdiği twitinde "THY, vur deyince öldürmüş" dedi. Elvan, dün Dim'i telefonla arayarak, gece gidiş, gün ortası dönüşü sona erdirdiğini söyledi. 2 Haziran itibariyle yeni saatler şöyle:
VAKİT VE NAKİT TASARRUFU
Anadolu Jet, haftanın her günü saat 06.45'de Alanya-Gazipaşa Havalimanı'ndan (GZP) kalkıp, Ankara'ya uçacak. Her gün Ankara'dan GZP'ye dönüş saati ise 23.35 olacak. Böylelikle Ankara'da işi olan bir kişi sabah 08.00'de Ankara'da olacak, aynı günün gece ise Alanya'ya dönerek zaman kaybı ve konaklama yükünden kurtulacak.
'ÇOK FARKLI BİR DEVLET ADAMI'
TGF Genel Başkan Yardımcısı ve AGC Başkanı Mehmet Ali Dim, Elvan'ın müjdesini Twitter'da şu sözlerle değerlendirdi: Ulaştırma Bakanı Lütfi Elvan aradı ve müjdeyi verdi. Anadolu Jet'in ANK-GZP uçuşları 2 Haziran'dan sonra tam istediğimiz gibi 23.35 geliş, 06.45 gidiş oldu. Duyarlılığı, takipçiliği ve iş bitiriciliği ile Bakan Elvan çok farklı bir siyaset ve devlet adamı. Allah razı olsun.
Son Güncelleme: 26.05.2015 10:02彭雪枫书信日记选
编者的话
彭雪枫同志是原新四军第四师师长，是我党老一辈无产阶级革命家。为了纪念他英勇殉国三十五周年，我们从他一生的通信、日记和文章中，选编了《彭雪枫书信日记选》一书。所选的通信、日记和文章，我们仅作了一些校勘，加了一些注释，有的作了一些小的删节。编选中，得到了中国人民解放军军事科学院奚原同志、中华人民共和国纺织工业部林颖同志的大力支持，以及中国人民革命军事博物馆、北京图书馆、江苏省泗洪县民政局、河南省博物馆等单位的热情帮助，在此，我们表示衷心的感谢!
参加本书编选工作的有郑州大学历史系张留学同志、河南省历史研究所冯文纲同志、河南中医学院马列主义教研室张学忠同志。
由于我们的水平有限，编选中出现的疏漏和不当之处，诚望广大读者批评指正。
一九七九年九月
目 录
给邓颖超同志的信
给范长江先生的信
致鲁紫铭先生的信
给烈属谢老太太的信
给林颖同志的信(摘抄)
驻太原办事处日记
塞上琐记
娄山关前后
说太原
五四运动的继承者新民主主义的实行家
悼彭雄同志
我们是政府的卫队和老百姓的护兵
给邓颖超同志的信
小超大姊：
汉皋一别，三个年头，无时不在念中，这之间您走了一趟莫斯科(注：指1939年8月至1940年3月邓颖超陪同周恩来到苏联首都莫斯科医治臂伤)，可谓幸福之至!我则深入敌后，每天冒着枪林弹雨，风来雨云，肉体上虽不舒服，精神上倒也愉快，不过反共分子随处皆有，总有点讨嫌耳!
任泊生（注：时
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between old-world Islam and the peer culture of her schoolmates.
This camp is one example of how Muslim organizations and businesses have started to offer Islamic values and practices for children - in the kind of contemporary American package they see in everyday life.
"The Islamic environment helps them be an integrated person, whether at school, at home, or at the mosque," says Hosein. "They also have fun."
Not that raising kids to be good Muslims is that easy.
"Losing our children" is one of the biggest discussions in the Muslim community - partly because so many kids do lose interest in the faith of their parents.
"If you can get to them before their teenage years, you have a chance," says Rafah Kokhar, an African-American who is married to a Pakistani and has four children. "You have built up some values that they later come to appreciate."
One issue is schools. Between 90 and 95 percent of Muslim children go to public schools - an environment many parents feel is morally toxic. But Muslims also admit that their own schools beyond grade six are poor.
Hence, Muslim parents do what they can to supplement public education. They buy new software programs that teach the Koran, Islamic history, the Arabic language - while also offering the kids games, puzzles, and quizzes. CD-ROM programs "speak" the Koran in Arabic.
In recent years, Islamic cartoons, new children's movies and programming, and children's magazines are also available.
One magazine, Muslim Kaleidoscope, was launched this July by a Seattle publisher, Amica International. The graphics and bright cartoons of dinosaurs and animals are like those in any up-to-date children's library. But inside are stories with moral content, Muslim faces "to build self-esteem," and short stories in English, Urdu, and Arabic.
Back at the camp, after a morning of drawing, basketball, swimming, games, and lunch, the children offer an afternoon prayer and receive an hour of Islamic teaching.
"The word of the day is Al Rahman, one of our 99 names for God," says Hassan, an Eritrean volunteer. "It means 'the most merciful.' "
Boys kneel in the front, girls kneel behind them. In unison they say: "I promise not to lie, and to always tell the truth."(Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images)
Central to Jewish tradition is the idea of b’tzelem Elohim – the idea that every person is made in the image of God and when we encounter another, no matter how other, we are reminded that this person is a reflection of God. They have the divine within them and must be treated as we would treat God. To diminish them in any way, is to diminish God.
Yesterday, the Pope spoke of the global refugee crisis when he addressed a joint session of Congress. This sentiment was beautifully reflected in his words when he said:
We must not be taken aback by their numbers, but rather view them as persons, seeing their faces and listening to their stories, trying to respond as best we can to their situation. To respond in a way which is always humane, just and fraternal. We need to avoid a common temptation nowadays: to discard whatever proves troublesome. Let us remember the Golden Rule: “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” (Mt 7:12).
Just the other day, on Yom Kippur afternoon, we chanted from the Torah some of our most foundational verses, including a close cousin of the Golden Rule: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself…When strangers live with you in your land, you must not oppress them. The strangers who live with you shall be to you like citizens, and you shall love them as yourself, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt,” (Leviticus 19:18; 19:33-34).
Remembering that we were strangers in the land of Egypt was easy for most generations because, more often than not, Jews experienced themselves as strangers or outliers in the communities in which they lived. In America today, it is much easier to forget that we were strangers.
We were the ones on the boats needing to be let in, not sent back into the mouth of danger.
We were the immigrants in America who came in such numbers that we were surely viewed by some as a teeming mass rather than a community of individuals each with her own face, her own story, her own reflection of the Divine.
The powerful interface of the Pope’s words and the Yom Kippur Torah reading could not be more timely. With the global refugee crisis reaching historic proportions, I hope both Congress and our nation truly heard, and took to heart, the Pope’s message of compassion and are reminded of their individual and collective responsibility to respond humanely and justly to the stranger – and the refugee.Deteriorating physical and social conditions of the inner cities of the North and West were as tangible as the economic upturn and growing job opportunities in the South in the 1970s. During the 1960s, the problem of "the ghetto" - urban decay, inner-city poverty, and unrest - appeared urgent. The decade saw a resurgence of urban uprisings in African-American neighborhoods, generally in response to manifestations of discrimination.
Hundreds of disturbances occurred throughout the 1960s in black urban neighborhoods, the most significant of which took place in the Watts district of Los Angeles in 1965, in Newark and Detroit in 1967, and following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968 in cities across the country. This inner-city turmoil troubled many, including the residents of affected neighborhoods.
Earnest Smith commented after his move back to the South in 1971: "For the first 20 years, life in Chicago was real nice. ... But the last five years was when I come to gettin' scared. They killed [Dr. Martin Luther] King and the people started tearin' up the place. Crime in Chicago got so bad that I got scared and started carryin' a gun." To many, both the physical and social foundations of many urban African-American communities appeared to be crumbling in the late 1960s.
Issues around urban decay and poverty were of great interest to federal policy makers in the 1960s. Even before the "urban crisis" was on the national radar, President Lyndon B. Johnson declared a "war on poverty" in his State of the Union address in 1964. After the Watts riot, the problem of the ghetto and African-American poverty became the most urgent of domestic issues.
The Johnson Administration created a number of Great Society programs between 1964 and 1967 to address urban poverty, which disproportionately affected African Americans. These programs included the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, which created the Office of Economic Opportunity to administer community-based antipoverty programs; the establishment of the Department of Housing and Urban Development; the Model Cities Program, which funneled federal money to "blighted" communities; and many others, including Medicare, Job Corps, Head Start, Community Action Programs, and Food Stamps.
Despite all the attention that urban decay, unrest, unemployment, and poverty in the "ghetto" received in the 1960s, the programs spearheaded by the government were largely ineffective and highly criticized. When Richard M. Nixon was elected president in 1968, he dismantled virtually all of Johnson's "war on poverty" programs.
African-American migration from the urban North to the South accelerated in part because of the dismal economic and social conditions faced by inner-city communities, but the South faced comparable problems. Rural poverty, for instance, was (and remains) one of the most entrenched economic problems in the United States. Nevertheless, the future of the urban North grew less and less promising for African Americans.Montenegro this month carried out its first population census since the breakup of Yugoslavia more than a decade ago. The census, which included questions on nationality, native language, and religion, stirred a political controversy in the republic, which is still divided on the issue of its independence.
Prague, 19 November 2003 (RFE/RL) -- A population count is usually a cut-and-dried technical process designed to collect demographic and economic data in order to ease a country's social and administrative planning. But in Montenegro, a tiny nation of just over 600,000 people, it has become a major political issue.
The last census took place in April 1991, just before the collapse of the former Yugoslavia. A new one had been expected early last year, but in the end it was carried out during the first two weeks of November, some 18 months later.
As part of the process, citizens were expected to give standard information about their social and economic situation. But they were also asked to declare their national identity, native language, and religion. Answering those questions was not obligatory, but even that was apparently not enough to cool the political controversy.
Montenegro, like the other former Yugoslav republics, was until recently gripped by interethnic conflicts. To declare one's ethnicity is in many cases still considered a declaration of political or historical allegiance.
To further complicate the issue, Montenegro -- for years the smaller partner in what was left of former Yugoslavia -- remains divided between those who would like to see it gain independence and those who support closer ties with Serbia.
Language is also a sensitive issue in Montenegro. Unlike Croatian and Bosnian, Montenegrin is not officially recognized as a separate language from Serbian, despite years of campaigning by Montenegrins who insist they have the right to their own national language.
Miodrag Vlahovic, director of the Center for Regional and Security Studies in Podgorica, told RFE/RL that the combustive combination of issues led many in Montenegro to look upon the census as a kind of national referendum. "The census was very politicized. It was understood, actually, as a kind of de facto referendum, since [one of the most confusing aspects] in Montenegrin political life and culture [is that in most] cases, very political attitudes are translated into the understanding of the national identity," he said.
In the 1991 census, out of a population of some 650,000 people, 62 percent declared themselves Montenegrin and 9 percent Serbs. Even before the new census, some pro-Serbian opposition leaders urged their supporters "not to be ashamed" to declare themselves Serbs. The Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro joined the fray, holding a number of meetings with pro-Serbian politicians.
Pro-Serbian leaders also accused the governing coalition of preparing to falsify the results and initially even threatened to boycott the procedure. Vlahovic says the pro-Serbian opposition saw the census as an opportunity to seize the initiative following a series of political defeats. "Montenegro is still a very antagonized political society, [where] politics is being [conducted] by two large groups, the leading majority represented mainly by the Democratic Party of Socialists and Social Democratic Party coalition. And on the other side, you have a number of parties with pro-Serbian attitudes and [a concept for the] development of Montenegro who are quite interested, after a series of political defeats in the last few elections, to politicize something which should be by definition a statistical measure," he said.
A significant increase in the number of people who declare themselves Serbs would be seen as a boost to those who support closer ties with Serbia. Analyst Milka Tadic-Miovic from the Podgorica-based independent weekly "Monitor" says she does expect the number of Serbs to increase compared with 1991 -- as a result of years of pro-Serbian propaganda especially under former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic's regime and the influx of Serbian refugees from the Balkan wars. But she says the change is unlikely to be dramatic.
"Definitely the number of the Serbs will be much bigger than before. But I do not think that we will have less than 50 percent of Montenegrins in Montenegro," she said. "If we have less than 50 percent of Montenegrins in Montenegro, that might mean that the Montenegrin ruling coalition will really think seriously before [calling] a referendum on independence."
Some analysts said the census also left open the door for some other minorities to redefine themselves. In the 1991 census, some 15 percent declared themselves Muslims, a separate nationality in communist Yugoslavia. But in recent years, the term Bosniak has gained ground among Muslim Slavs throughout the region. Another unknown was the over 4 percent of 1991 respondents who declared themselves Yugoslavs and who could, despite the fact that Yugoslavia no longer exists, stick with what is perceived as a more neutral term. Albanians in the last census made up 6.5 percent.
An initial round of partial census results are expected later this year.منطقه سلطان غازی استانبول
منطقه سلطان غازی استانبول، به معنی سلطان جهادگر در راه دین، در مرکز بخش اروپایی استانبول قرار دارد. همسایگان این منطقه از شمال و شرق ایوب سلطان، از جنوب غازی عثمان پاشا، از جنوب شرق اسن لر و از شرق باشاک شهیر می باشند.
سلطان غازی فاقد نوار ساحلی بوده، مساحت آن 36.24 کیلومتر مربع و طبق آمار سال 2020 دارای 537.488 نفر جمعیت است. این منطقه در سال 2009 با جدا شدن از مناطق غازی عثمان پاشا، اسن لر و ایوب سلطان به یک منطقه مستقل تبدیل شده است.
یکی از ویژگیهای طبیعی منطقه سلطان غازی، دریاچه سد علی بی است. این دریاچه که در حاشیه شرقی منطقه قرار دارد، نیاز آب آشامیدنی بخش قابل توجهی از مناطق طرف اروپایی را تامین می کند.
علاوه براین فعالیت های ماهیگیری آماتوری و ورزش های آبی نیز بر روی این دریاچه انجام می شود. قنات های سنگی عثمانی، توسط معمار سینانساخت و ساز شدند. تعدادی از آنها هنوز هم مورد بهره برداری قرار می گیرند. این قنات ها یکی دیگر از دیدنیهای منطقه می باشند. همچنین شمال منطقه سلطان
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onaca monacale e con un’espressione nubilosa sul volto. Il matrimonio era stato suggerito dai medici che avevano in cura la figlia di Stieglitz, nata dalla precedente relazione e ricoverata per depressione dopo l’inizio della convivenza tra il padre e la nuova compagna.
Georgia aveva assecondato suo malgrado la richiesta, pensando che potesse aiutare la giovane, ma non era servito a nulla. Dichiarata schizofrenica, Katherine Stieglitz non uscì mai più dall’istituto in cui era stata rinchiusa, come racconta il New York Times.
Nel 1928, quando il marito iniziò a fotografare una donna più giovane, fu Georgia O’Keeffe a essere ricoverata per la prima volta per un grave esaurimento nervoso. “Mi sentii un assassino”, disse poi Stieglitz in un’intervista. “Era successo a Kitty e ora stava succedendo anche a Georgia”.
O’Keeffe trovò la forza per rinascere nella pittura. Dopo alcune gravi crisi, agli inizi degli anni Trenta, decise di passare diversi mesi all’anno in New Mexico, lontana dal marito, dal mondo e vicino ai paesaggi e ai fiori diventati poi il simbolo della sua pittura.
Non mi piace l’idea della felicità, è troppo momentanea, direi piuttosto che sono sempre stata impegnata e interessata a qualcosa e per me l’interesse è più importante dell’idea della felicità.
Sfogliate la gallery per ripercorrere la vita e la carriera di Georgia O’Keeffe…
Articolo originale pubblicato il 28 febbraio 2020La nostra atmosfera si sta riempiendo sempre più di CO2 e noi siamo la principale causa di questo. La soluzione a questo problema è il taglio delle emissioni, ma l’implementazione di tali tagli è problematico dato che verrebbe a costare anche parecchio.
C’è un’alternativa a tali misure, però. Invece di basarsi interamente sul taglio delle emissioni, perché non iniziare a utilizzare la CO2 dall’atmosfera utilizzandola come fonte di energia? Questo è esattamente ciò che il biochimico Pierre Calleja sta cercando di fare, e la sua soluzione quasi sembra troppo bella per essere vero.
Calleja ha sviluppato un sistema di illuminazione che al posto dell’elettricità consuma CO2 dall’atmosfera e la usa per produrre luce e ossigeno.
Ma qual’è l’ingrediente chiave per il processo?
Alghe.
Le lampade di Cajella consistono in contenitori pieni d’acqua e alghe insieme con una lampada e un sistema di batterie. Durante il giorno le alghe producono energia dalla luce del sole che viene poi immagazzinata nelle batterie. Poi di notte l’energia è utilizzata per alimentare la lampada. Tuttavia, le alghe possono anche produrre energia da carbonio, quindi la luce solare non è necessaria per il processo. Ciò significa che tali luci possono essere posizionate anche dove non c’è luce naturale e l’aria sarà effettivamente essere pulita giornalmente.
In questo video ci viene mostrata l’intervista a Pierre Calleja dove spiega le implicazioni pratiche della sua invenzione.
[text-blocks id=”14550″ slug=”banner-adsense”]بررسی «نود اقتصادی» نشان میدهد+نمودار
عملکرد عبدالناصر همتی نشان میدهد در ۲.۵ سال ریاستش بر بانک مرکزی بیشترین سهم را در ایجاد پایه پولی و نقدینگی و تحمیل تورم به ملت داشته است
صدرالله دولت بیان کرد: ذرت ۶۰ درصد از جیره غذایی مرغ را تشکیل میدهد و در حال حاضر این ماده غذایی اضافه تر از حد نیاز از گمرکات ترخیص شده و برایش تامین ارز صورت گرفته است، با این وجود چرا باید در بازار دو برابر نرخ دولتی قیمت داشته باشد؟ عامل نوسان قیمت مرغ در سه یا چهار ماه گذشته بینظمی در تامین و توزیع نهادهها و کاهش انگیزه مرغداران برای جوجه ریزی است.
محمدعلی کمالی سروستانی یکی از دلایل کمبود و گرانی مرغ را این گونه روایت میکند: "مرغداران گوشتی به دلیل مشکلات ناشی از تامین نهاده علاقهای به جوجهریزی از خودشان نشان ندادند و این یکی از عوامل کمبود مرغ است."
سمیه رفیعی بیان کرد: افزایش قیمت مرغ و دیگر کالاهای اساسی همچون زنجیرهای به هم مرتبط هستند که این مهم به تدابیر مدیریتی و اجرایی باز میگردد.
داریوش سلمانیان با انتقاد از مدیریت ۱۰ ساله محمدرضا اسکندری بر سازمان اقتصادی کوثر بیان کرد: عملکرد آقای اسکندری از صفر تا ۲۰، زیر پنج است، اما کسی نمی تواند او را عوض کند، حتی آقای اوحدی نیز او را تغییر نخواهد داد. سازمان اقتصادی در ماجرای گرانی مرغ کجای ماجراست؟
سیر افزایش قیمت مرغ در مردادماه با رسیدن به قیمت ۱۶هزار تومان به بیشترین میزان خود در دو سال گذشته رسید.
عملکرد عبدالناصر همتی نشان میدهد در ۲.۵ سال ریاستش بر بانک مرکزی بیشترین سهم را در ایجاد پایه پولی و نقدینگی و تحمیل تورم به ملت داشته استHelping Kids Prepare for a Covid-19 test
If your child needs a COVID-19 test, learn about how tests are done and help them prepare.
The COVID-19 test is done with a small tipped, long swab (the top of the swab is much smaller than a Q-tip).
- Under 12 years of age: the swab enters one side of the child’s nose and touches the back part of their throat. It can feel like a scratch, so it may be uncomfortable. The test takes less than 10 seconds and has no lasting effects
- Age 12 and over: when the child has symptoms such as a cough, fever or sore throat, the tester will use a long Q tip to swab the back of the child’s tonsils and then swab the inside of both nostrils. The test takes about 10 seconds. It is can feel like a scratch in their throat and nose. It may make their eyes water.
- This Q-tip will be placed in a sterile bottle, labeled with your child’s name, health number and date of birth, and will be sent from the testing site to the provincial laboratory.
As a parent or care-provider, you can prepare your child beforehand by telling them that the testers will have masks, gowns, and gloves on and that it may look scary but this is to keep everyone safe.
- Suggested language: "You will see people wearing gowns, gloves and masks. This is to help keep everyone as safe as possible."
- Be honest by saying “This is going to feel weird or I know you’re scared. What can we do to make this less scary for you?”
- Avoid saying, “We are going to do this now, okay?” or “Is it okay to swab your nose now?” The child will always answer, ”No!” and then the child will be less trustful when the test has to be done. The child cannot control whether or not the test is done. Building trust is very important.
- Give choice within reason and where possible. For example, for children under 12 you can ask them:” Do you want to have the Q-tip in your left or right nostril?” Other options include asking, “Are you going to sit on your hands or do you want me to hold your hand?” “Have you decided what special treat you would like once you are back home…maybe your favorite movie or reading an extra story?”
Help to keep the child still during the test
- Gentle assistance may be needed as the child may not be able to keep their hands down as the swab is coming towards their face. You can help by holding the child’s hand.
- The child may be asked to sit on their hands to prevent them pulling or grabbing the swab.
- Be honest with your child. “It is going to feel strange or uncomfortable, but if you stay still the test will be over faster.”
- Play a guessing game: “How many seconds (what number will you get to) will this take?”, “Let’s pretend we’ve been frozen like Elsa.”
- Remind the child that it’s important to keep their head, arms and legs as still as possible.
- The health care provider may ask your child to close their eyes right before the test to help ease the urge to resist the swab.
Other tips about COVID-19 tests to help your child and family
- If multiple people in your family need to be test, decide who should be tested first. The first person tested can set the tone for others. If you are tested before your children, stay calm and try not to flinch.
- If a child cries, this does not mean the child didn’t handle it well. It’s Okay if they cry.
- Do not make a promise to going shopping for a treat or a new toy after the test. Anyone who is tested must stay home and isolate so NO stopping at a store or restaurant on the way home.
Drive-thru testing and Cough & Fever Clinic videos can help prepare you.
- PEI COVID-19 drive thru testing clinic (YouTube)
- PEI COVID-19 cough and fever clinic walk-through (YouTube)
More helpful information for parents:
Other useful ways to help children:
As a parent it is normal to be anxious. But keep in mind your child can feed off of your worry. Reassure your child that the doctors, nurses, and scientific experts around the world are working as hard as they can to keep us all healthy and safe.
Also, tell your child you will protect them and not let anything bad happen to them.
Bring your child into the conversation. Give them appropriate choices
You know your child and their temperament best! Listen to them and talk to them in age appropriate language. Help your child understand and give them opportunities to talk about what they are feeling and thinking.
Help your child sort out fact from fiction
Find out what your child already knows and understands. Correct any misconceptions. Be honest, but positive – let them know that the swab will hurt or may feel funny but it they stay still it will be over quickly.
Help children have some control
Children need to feel in control and able to protect themselves. Help them follow instructions that will keep them safe and healthy.
During testing, a child can choose their left or right nostril. It is best that they stay in their car seat or booster seat, but they can hold your hand or snuggle a comfort item.
*Even if the child cries, they should be praised for a job well done – “thank you for sitting still, I know that wasn’t easy, but you were really brave.”…this will help feel stronger and more in control.
Be mindful of social media, television, etc.
Be aware of what your children hear and see as this could increase a child’s anxiety and affect their ability to cope well during testing.
Be creative and grateful
This is a “new normal” for everyone!
Take time for self-care and screen free zones.
Praise your children and offer in-home rewards based on what they like (for example, child picks what is for supper, have extra bath time, enjoy a family movie night, watch the stars, etc.).
(Adapted from Canadian Pediatric Society - https://www.cps.ca/en/blog-blogue/how-can-we-talk-to-kids-about-covid
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要给你我的爱我们被各自的观念束缚着你给我的自由甚至让自由本身都感到羞愧人们为结合而战斗我们战斗却是为了分离我们定然还会再见在每晚的月光中相见北风会带去我的关切我们在思念中终得相聚在温柔的记忆中永远相伴我想说我遇到了一个疯狂的男人他教会我如何活着
1、首先要明确朦胧诗和新生代的创作背景和特征的差异。它是产生于反对wenge诗坛上“假、大、空”的标语口号式韵文，提出的是与蒙昧主义相对抗的人的觉醒的命题。而新生代产生之时没有反对旧有诗坛假大空口号噬诗歌的背景，它是在朦胧诗产生到一定阶段，自身发展受到制约因而寻求突破创新时产生的。他们一方面接受了朦胧诗的启蒙和滋养，可以说源于朦胧诗不是以反对的姿态产生的。但另一方面他们又对朦胧诗的不足进行了摒弃和批判，他们继承了朦胧诗人“因不满于单调划一的诗歌现状而要求艺术变革”的创作态度，他们企图超越“北岛们”的强大影响而形成的“阴影”，出于新文学的惯例，他们不满足现状，要求从新诗潮内部进行一场“哗变”，由于他们表现的形式是反叛“朦胧诗”，但不能简单看作他们是“朦胧诗”的反对者，而应该说是突破者。朦胧诗有自己的新的美学原则:一,不屑于作时代精神的号筒,不屑于表现自我感情世界以外的丰功伟绩,而是追求生活溶解在心灵中的秘密;二,强调自我表现;三,对于传统艺术习惯的背离.而新生代诗人的创作以“解构”为核心，消解理想，诉求心灵自由，因为时代个人社会等等因素，他们呈现出与北岛、舒婷为代表的朦胧诗人不同的创作风格和精神面貌。“新生代诗人”是从重新诘问和确认“诗是什么”的基本问题开始探索和实验的。他们提倡“回到本身”，回到生命或事物本身，这是朦胧诗发展到一定阶段后的深入。所以产生了与朦胧诗“表现自我”观有显著不同的创作理念，他们更强调生命的体验性、感觉性。2、具体到时代等内外因素对创作个体的价值取向和创作理念的影响80年代中期集群式崛起的“新生代”诗歌，有着比“朦胧诗”丰富得多的精神资源。70年代末开始的对西方文学、哲学与文化思想及成果的全面译介，以及在“发现”西方以后对东方文化的反观式发现，使“新生代”诗人一开始就置于一个多元文化景观和有多种选择性的文学环境之中。诗人所接受的文学和文化的影响，比“朦胧诗人”的远为复杂;在为确立自我而借诗歌来表达上，他们也自由的多。可以说这些影响下，诗人们有着和朦胧诗人不同价值取向和诗歌观念。3、文学发展的惯例--不断突破超越新生代诗试图超越朦胧诗，一个重要理由是这些在新的文化氛围中成长的更年轻了一代的诗人，感到朦胧诗的诗学里有较多的社会学因素，而他们自己所要追求的是穷索诗歌这种语言形式与人类生存或自我生命的本质关系。在寻找诗歌本体的过程中，新生代诗歌群体凭借自身文化构成上的优势，并利用了开放时代提供的机遇，对新诗建构生命形式的可能性进行了全面的尝试。可以说他们是文学发展历程上对朦胧诗的接续或激活，正是一种立足自身，并经由自身而发现、反抗、超越、重建传统。我想大概就是以上三点主要原因吧，他们之间是一种继承与改进的关系，不算对立关系，要记住这点。
为什么再互相喜欢的人结婚二十年后 ，也依然会出现互相讨厌，互相嫌弃的情况？
这是因为，经过这么多年的相处，互相时间都了解的透透的啦，没有了神秘感，就没有了互相的吸引 ，随之，矛盾就产生了
Copyright © 2008-2018蓝狮注册平台汽车冲压件加工工艺都有哪些？
蓝狮怎么样?什么是冲压件的工艺性? 冲压件加工工艺性包括冲压件的性质与尺寸精度是否能够用于冲压加工的方法完成；能否用简单、方便的冲压工艺方法制造完成，汽车冲压件加工工艺一般以拉延工艺、弯曲工艺、冲裁工艺为主，良好的冲压工艺既可以省料、省工序，而且模具易加工、寿命高、产品质量稳定，效益好等；
1、拉延工艺，拉延件凸缘与侧壁的圆角半径R及底部与侧壁的圆角R应尽量放大，圆角半径大，能够使零件容易拉延成形，拉延件应尽量对称或采取左右对称的拉延件；蓝狮注册平台以便成双拉延，然后切开为两件；
2、弯曲工艺；弯曲时应防止孔的变形，孔边与弯曲处应有适当的距离，以避免孔的变形，否则，应先压弯后冲孔；弯边长度不易过小；压弯件应尽量考虑工艺孔定位和成双压弯，以改变受力情况；
3、冲裁工艺；形状应尽量能使材料合理排样，减少废料，直线或曲线连接处应有适当圆角，以利于模具的制造、维修和使用；避免过长的狭长外形；孔径及孔距应符合最小尺寸要求；Cordoba'da tam da size göre bir aileler için uygun oteli bulmak ille de zor olacak değil. Sizin gibi gezginler için harika bir seçim olan Hotel Don Paula'ya hoş geldiniz!
Hotel Don Paula'da kalan konuklar, Cordoba'nın en ünlü gezilecek yerlerinden olan Kurtuba Camii'ne (0, 3 km) ve Casa de Sefarad'a (0, 3 km) uğrayabilir.
Odalarda konuklara sunulan düz ekran televizyon, klima ve buzdolabı olanakları sayesinde dinlenip konaklamanızın keyfini çıkarabileceksiniz. Ayrıca Hotel Don Paula tarafından sağlanan ücretsiz wifi ile internete bağlanabilirsiniz.
Bu otel, concierge sunuyor.
Seyahatiniz sırasında, Cordoba'nın fileminyon yapan gözde bir restoranı olan La Tranquera Restaurante iyi bir deneyim olabilir. Üstelik Hotel Don Paula'ya yalnızca kısa bir mesafede.
Ayrıca, seyahatiniz sırasında Palacio de Viana, Cordoba Arkeoloji Müzesi ve Archaeological Ensemble of Madinat Al-Zahra gibi tarih müzelerine uğramayı unutmayın.
Hotel Don Paula, Cordoba seyahatinizde sizi misafir etmeyi dört gözle bekliyor.
Otel tüm cazibe merkezlerine yürüme mesafesindedir ve güvenlidir. Temiz ve ferah. Çalışanlar da çok kolay! Check-in sırasında bize gidilmesi gereken tüm yerlerin yanı sıra bu yerlere nasıl gidileceği konusunda bir harita verildi.
Harika, güleryüzlü servis. Uygun yatak ile ücretsiz karyolası. Bizim yürümeye başlayan çocuk iyi baktım. Oda uygun banyo ve sıcak su ile iyi bir boyutta. Su ısıtıcısı mevcut (sadece sorun) ve odada bir buzdolabı bulunmaktadır. Küçük bir çocukla seyahat ederken hepsi harika. Konum tren istasyonundan (20 dakika izin) yürüyüş ve bulmak için hangi yöne döndüğünüze bağlı olarak eski şehir veya yeni şehre kısa bir yürüyüş bulmak kadar kolay. Çok fazla sokak gürültüsü öylesine uyumak kolaydı (özellikle panjurlar ve perdeler ile). Caddeye bakan bir asansör ve küçük bir balkon vardı. Biz gerçekten bizim kalmak zevk ve personel vb misafirperverliği için teşekkür ederiz.
Burada bir hafta kaldık. Rahat yatak, fantastik bir yerde iyi ölçekli oda ve banyo. Birini eski şehre, diğerini yeni bölüme çevirin. Kahvaltı imkanı yoktur ancak 2 dakika içinde yüzlerce kafe, bar vb. Cordoba ve çevresinde yapılacak çok şey bulduk. Bir gece odasında bir sızıntı yaşadık ve sahibi daha yararlı olamazdı ve sorun ertesi gün giderildi. Bu 5 yıldızlı otel değil ama kesinlikle 2 yıldız derecelendirmesi daha değer. Dostça sahipleri (İngilizce bilmeyen) ancak Google çeviri ile uğraştık! Kasabadaki tek yön sistemiyle mücadele eden taksi şoförümüze bile yardım ettiler! Kesinlikle geri döneceğiz?
Biz bu bir yıl önce rezervasyonu bizim eve dönüş yolculuğu başladı gibi kalmak istediğimiz yer olarak. Kimsenin kendilerini bu otele götüreceklerini söylemesi, tüm büküm ve dönüşlerde olduğu gibi YouTube videosunu izlemesini sağlar. Ayrıca az miktarda kitap park yeri için de. Çok oda yoktur ve otellerin eski şehir merkezine yakınlığı nedeniyle akşam yemeği ya da kahvaltı servisi yoktur. Çok temiz ve düzenli bir otel ve personel çok kolay. Kesinlikle tavsiye ederim.
Otel gerçekten çok iyi bir konumdadır. Eski şehir ve Mezquita'ya da kısa bir yürüyüş mesafesindedir. Otel ken
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空的，里面安装了两个强力的钕磁铁，而且这两个磁铁还可以在鞋子内部的轨道上来回移动，就能从槽中拉出铁磁流体，并产生一些非常令人叹为观止的几何形状。当磁体移动时，液体在漂亮鞋子的表面滚上滚下，形成看似不可能的尖峰和反重力涟漪。这在视觉上非常具有冲击力，它看上去几乎就像一种怪异的生物试图在吃掉鞋子。
这个有趣的展示位于耐克公司在纽约的Niketown NYC卖场门口（一楼正门附近），非常容易找到。如果您正好在附近的话，不妨顺路欣赏一下。
（美中鞋业网——让世界鞋业信息互通）
气短心慌怎么回事
肾阳不足会耳鸣吗
小孩子肚子疼怎么办快速止疼
眼底黄斑出血怎样治疗
补肾固精的食物有哪些Inventors have been trying to find an improvement on the standard lithium-ion battery for some time now but few people could have expected a fruit would have given them the possible solution.
Silicon has long seen as a possible material, because of the huge amount of energy it can store. However, there are some problems with the material which no –one had been able to solve before now.
The way to make a more powerful and efficient silicon battery hasn’t been based on apples, pears or even oranges. Instead, our old friend the pomegranate has lent a helping hand.
Inspired by Clusters of Seeds
Stanford scientists used as their inspiration the ways in which the fruit’s seeds are clustered together. This turned out to be a break-through, as it solved the typical problems of the silicon swelling and breaking up or reacting with the electrolytes on the battery.
The new approach involves using some silicon nanowires that are then covered in what have been described as carbon based yolk shells. This design stops the silicon from breaking and allows some space for swelling. The units are then fitted together just like the way pomegranate seeds sit together inside the fruit.
Yi Cui is a professor at Stanford and he said that “a couple of challenges” remain before this kind of battery can move into the production stage. However, he pointed out that in the future they could offer “smaller, lighter and more powerful batteries” for the likes of phones, tablets and even electric-powered cars.Van Allen Belts Protect Earth from Solar Wind
Geophysicists are still puzzling over how the earth’s magnetic field and Van Allen radiation belts protect the surface from deadly particles in the solar wind.
The Van Allen belts are lobes of high-energy particles above the atmosphere, formed as a consequence of the geomagnetic field. First discovered in 1958 by Dr James Van Allen of the University of Iowa, using instruments aboard the Explorer satellites designed by JPL spacecraft pioneer Dr. Henry Richter, these belts have long puzzled scientists. A pair of spacecraft called the Van Allen Probes have been gathering data about the belts since 2012. NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) also gathered data since 2015. Elizabeth Howell provides this overview of the Van Allen Belts on Space.com. She says,
On the 60th anniversary of Explorer 1, NASA said that studies of the Van Allen belts are even more important today. “Our current technology is ever more susceptible to these accelerated particles because even a single hit from a particle can upset our ever smaller instruments and electronics,” said David Sibeck, Van Allen Probes mission scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, in a 2018 statement. “As technology advances, it’s actually becoming even more pressing to understand and predict our space environment.“
Here are additional news items about what these structures do for us.
Shock at the Bow
How Solar Wind Drops from Gale to Gentle Breeze as It Hits Earth’s Magnetic Field (University of Maryland). Animations of the solar wind often show particles streaming out from the sun directly at the earth, but our planet actually plows through the field along its orbital path, increasing the speed at which the particles impinge on our home were it not for planetary protection provided by the magnetic field. The press release explains,
As Earth orbits the sun at supersonic speed, it cuts a path through the solar wind. This fast stream of charged particles, or plasma, launched from the sun’s outer layers would bombard Earth’s atmosphere if not for the protection of Earth’s magnetic field.
Just as the nose of a motorboat creates a bow-shaped wave as it pushes through the water, Earth creates a similar effect—called a bow shock—as it pushes through the solar wind. A new University of Maryland-led study describes the first observations of the process of electron heating that happens in Earth’s bow shock.
The paper is published in Physical Review Letters. They found bad news before they understood the good news:
The researchers found that when the electrons in the solar wind encounter the bow shock, they momentarily accelerate to such a high speed that the electron stream becomes unstable and breaks down. This breakdown process robs the electrons of their high speed and converts the energy to heat….
“If you were to stand on a mountaintop, you might get knocked over by a fast wind,” explained Li-Jen Chen, lead author of the study and an associate research scientist in the UMD department of astronomy. “Fortunately, as the solar wind crashes into Earth’s magnetic field, the bow shock protects us by slowing down this wind and changing it to a nice, warm breeze. We now have a better idea how this happens.”
It’s not friction, therefore, that slows down the killer electrons; it’s breakdown of the electron stream due to instability. This is a new discovery from spacecraft measurements. “The study of electron heating is important not just for understanding how the bow shock protects Earth, but potentially for satellites, space travel and maybe exploring other planets in the future,” says Li-Jen Chen of the University of Maryland, lead author of the study. Her comment raises the question whether exoplanets could be habitable without such mechanisms. Richter’s book Spacecraft Earth raises the question whether a protective magnetic field could survive for millions of years.
Earth’s Magnetic Field is A Ruthless, Solar-Wind-Shredding Machine (Space.com). Brandon Specktor notes that the breakdown of the electron stream occurs in just 90 milliseconds – nine one-hundredths of a second. If it weren’t for this newly-discovered process, he says, earth would be fried:
Earth is constantly being bombarded by a hot, soupy plasma of protons, electrons and ions loosed by the sun in the form of solar wind. These winds blow all day and in all directions, blasting out of our nearest star at speeds of up to 500 miles per second (800 kilometers per second) and temperatures of up to 2.9 million degrees Fahrenheit (1.6 million degrees Celsius), according to NASA. You’d think that would be more than enough to bake our planet into a giant, orbiting lump of ash, but Earth and its atmosphere remain largely unscathed thanks to the planet’s strong magnetic field.
Scientists are still trying to understand these processes, the article ends. “But for now, enjoy the gentle winds of summer — and know, somewhere out there, that Earth’s magnetic field is violently ripping billions of solar electrons to bits on your behalf.”
Chirping Birds and Swing Pushers
What Causes Radiation Belt Enhancements: A Survey of the Van Allen Probes Era (Geophysical Research Letters). With an animation of electrons under the influence of the magnetic field, a press release from NASA-Goddard explains how electrons become excited within the belts.
Encircling Earth are two enormous rings — called the Van Allen radiation belts — of highly energized ions and electrons. Various processes can accelerate these particles to relativistic speeds, which endanger spacecraft unlucky enough to enter these giant bands of damaging radiation. Scientists had previously identified certain factors that might cause particles in the belts to become highly energized, but they had not known which cause dominates.
Now, with new research from NASA’s Van Allen Probes and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms — THEMIS — missions, published in Geophysical Research Letters, the verdict is in. The main culprit is a process known as local acceleration, caused by electromagnetic waves called chorus waves. Named after their characteristic rising tones, reminiscent of chirping birds, chorus waves speed up the particles pushing them along like a steady hand repeatedly pushing a swing. This process wasn’t a widely accepted theory before the Van Allen Probes mission.
Radial Transport of Higher‐Energy Oxygen Ions Into the Deep Inner Magnetosphere Observed by Van Allen Probes (Geophysical Research Letters). “We suggest that the higher‐energy oxygen ions are transported to the inner magnetosphere selectively by the combination of two resonances: drift resonance and drift‐bounce resonance.”
Explaining the apparent impenetrable barrier to ultra-relativistic electrons in the outer Van Allen belt (Nature Communications).
Recent observations have shown the existence of an apparent impenetrable barrier at the inner edge of the ultra-relativistic outer electron radiation belt. This apparent impenetrable barrier has not been explained…. Contrary to earlier claims, sharp boundaries in fast loss processes at the barrier are not needed. Moreover, we show that penetration to the barrier can occur on the timescale of days rather than years as previously reported, with the Earthward extent of the belt being limited by the finite duration of strong solar wind driving, which can encompass only a single geomagnetic storm.
Update 6/12/18: Astrobiology Magazine reports that European Space Agency (ESA) scientists are seeking to understand how the solar wind impacts rocks on the moon and Mercury. Most solar wind particles consist of hydrogen ions (protons) and helium ions, but some heavier atoms are in the mix, too. These particles can impact surface rocks at speeds of 400 to 800 km per second, shattering the rock and dislodging atoms in a process called sputtering. The erosional damage does not affect Earth:
The planets and moons of our solar system are continuously being bombarded by particles hurled away from the sun. On Earth this has hardly any effect, apart from the fascinating northern lights, because the dense atmosphere and the magnetic field of the Earth protect us from these solar wind particles. But on the Moon or on Mercury things are different: There, the uppermost layer of rock is gradually eroded by the impact of sun particles.
Constant bombardment and liberation of particles by sputtering creates a thin “exosphere” around the moon and Mercury that scientists can study remotely for clues about surface composition. “The effects of solar wind bombardment are in some cases much more drastic than previously thought,” the article explains, because heavier elements not only have more mass but can carry multiple levels of charge (i.e., they lack several electrons). Their impact on a surface can atomize rocks in a flash of kinetic and electrical energy.
The article notes that “the uppermost layer of rock is gradually eroded by the impact of sun particles,” but did not mention what effects could be expected over millions or billions of years. The ESA’s first mission to Mercury, called BepiColombo is scheduled for launch in October 2018.
We need to keep in mind these physical mechanisms as we “enjoy the gentle winds of summer,” realizing that multiple laws of physics and chemistry appear to have ‘conspired’ to work together for our benefit. Secular scientists would have us believe that there are so many stars and planets, life must be commonplace. They have a very permissive view of what chance can accomplish, both biologically and physically. In Spacecraft Earth, Dr. Richter identifies some 15 factors that work together to make our planet habitable. Using reasonable estimates of probability, he estimates that less than one planet in the universe would have all 15 factors! Of course, we know there is at least one. But is it reasonable to assume that habitable planets are a dime a dozen?
Think how uncanny it is that physical processes that have nothing to do with life, like bow shocks and chorus waves, would play a role in protecting life far below, on the surface of a planet out of the range of their operations. The same argument could be made for physical processes under the earth’s surface, such as mineral transport and plate tectonics, and for physical processes within the biosphere, such as ocean currents and atmospheric circulation patterns. Additionally, there are astronomical considerations that make earth habitable, such as having the right kind of star, being the right distance from it, and having an axial tilt that gives rise to seassons. This doesn’t look like a haphazard arrangement of independent mindless processes. It supports what the Lord revealed in Isaiah 45:18
For thus says the Lord, who created the heavens (he is God!), who formed the earth and made it (he established it; he did not create it empty, he formed it to be inhabited!): “I am the Lord, and there is no other.”La Riot, attraverso un nuovo teaser trailer, ci presenta il nuovissimo agente Reyna che sarà disponibile al DayOne di Valorant del 2 giugno!
Dal video di 33 secondi riusciamo a capire poco sulle sue abilità, ma a venirci incontro e Ryan ‘Morello‘ Scott, responsabile del design dei personaggi di Valorant, che tramite Twitter ha fornito maggiori informazioni.
Di seguito è riportato un riepilogo di ciascuna delle abilità di Reyna, descritte da Morello:
- Abilità 1 (C): Lancia un Orb che acceca i nemici nelle vicinanze. I nemici possono vedere e distruggere la sfera.
- Abilità 2 (Q): La salute di Reyna può rigenerarsi assorbendo la vita dai nemici uccisi, raccogliendo dai loro cadaveri dalle sfere dell’anima.
- Abilità 3 (E): Reyna può temporaneamente diventare invulnerabile al danno in arrivo, usando il potere delle sfere delle anime raccolte.
- Ultimate (X): Aumenta temporaneamente la velocità di fuoco, diminuisce il tempo di ricarica e accelera l’utilizzo delle sue abilità.
Morello inoltre conferma che sarà una “duelist” e sottolinea più volte che le sfere raccolte verranno resettate a ogni round!
Infine definisce il nuovo agente ‘high-risk, high-reward’.
In effetti Reyna sarà una scommessa, perché per raggiungere il suo massimo potenziale dovrà portare a segno un alto numero di uccisioni!NASA recently began laying out the groundwork for the technology it will need to fly an unmanned mission to Jupiter's intriguing moon Europa.
Scientists say Europa - which orbits the planet Jupiter about 778 million km (484 million miles) from the Sun - could support life because it might have an ocean of liquid water under its miles-thick frozen crust. NASA said in December the Hubble Space Telescope observed water vapor above the frigid south polar region of Jupiter's moon Europa, providing the first strong evidence of water plumes erupting off the moon's surface.
+More on Network World: NASA's 16 top technical challenges for the next 5 years+
In the 2011 National Research Council's decadal survey which guides NASA future mission planning, scientists said a mission to explore Europa and its subsurface ocean offer "one of the most promising environments in the solar system for supporting life -- should be the second priority for NASA's large-scale planetary science missions.
"This moon, with its probable vast subsurface ocean sandwiched between a potentially active silicate interior and a highly dynamic surface ice shell, offers one of the most promising extraterrestrial habitable environments in our solar system and a plausible model for habitable environments outside it. The Jupiter system in which Europa resides hosts an astonishing diversity of phenomena, illuminating fundamental planetary processes. While Voy
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ل اضافه کنید تا در صفحه اصلی، ذیل مدخلهای پیشنهادی نمایش داده شود.
- پس از تکمیل مقاله، مدخل مورد بازبینی قرار میگیرد و مسئول مربوطه الگوی تکمیل مقاله را به مدخل اضافه کرده و در صورت داشتن ایراد، اشکالات مدخل را به کاربران اعلام میکند. کاربران نیز موظفند آنها را اصلاح کنند.
نکات ویرایشی[ویرایش مبدأ]
- اسامی معصومان به طور کلمه حضرت (برای حضرت محمد و حضرت فاطمه) یا امام (برای ائمه) به همراه اسم معروف میآید و پس از آن حرف ص یا ع یا س داخل پرانتزِ چسبیده به کلمه قبل ذکر میشود؛ مثل امام علی(ع). البته در متنهای مختلف (باتوجه به عبارت) میتوان به گونههای دیگر «مانند پیامبر(ص)» هم به کار برد و اختصاص به موارد ذکرشده ندارد.
- دقت شود که یاء و کاف عربی در متن موجود نباشد. همچنین اعداد به فارسی تبدیل گردد. برای این منظور یا از صفحه کلید استاندارد استفاده شود و یا متن را در پرونده:اصلاح.docm کپی کرده و از قسمت ماکرو، ماکرو 8 را اجرا کنید.
- در متون دانشنامه حج و حرمین شریفین، آدرس درون متنی آیات به این صورت است: (مائده/۵، ۳۳) که باید به این صورت تغییر یابد: (سوره مائده، آیه ۳۳)
- در متون دانشنامه حج و حرمین شریفین، سال وفات اشخاص درون پرانتز و پیش از عدد میآید(م.۳۲۱ق.) که باید به اینگونه تغییر یابد: (درگذشت ۳۲۱ق)
- در پایان هر ویرایش و پیش از انتشار، حتما خلاصه ویرایش نگاشته شود. البته برای ایجاد صفحه و تغییر مسیر و پرونده نیازی به خلاصه ویرایش نیست.
- معمولا عنوان مدخل به صورت پررنگ در اول مدخل ذکر می شود و سپس توضیح آن می آید. برای شناسه بهتر است توضیحات بیش از شناسه دانشنامه در پارگراف جداگانه بیان شود.
- دقت شود که کاراکترهای اشتباه یا اضافی که از دانشنامه کپی شده، در متن اضافه نشود. به طور مثال «9»، «7» یا «:» که پس از اسامی معصومان آمده به «(ص)» و «(ع)» تغییر یابد.
- در بخش منابع، دقت شود که گاهی بین ویرگول و کلمه بعد فاصله نیست. بنابراین مواردی مانند «بیروت،دار الکتب العلمیه» که باید ویرگول و دار الکتب فاصله ایجاد شود.
- متن آیات قرآن، با استفاده از الگوی قلم رنگ، به رنگ سبز نگاشته شود. یعنی با استفاده از این الگو {{قلم رنگ|سبز|الیومَ أَکمَلتُ لَکم دِینَکم وَ أَتمَمتُ عَلَیکم نِعمَتی}} آیه به این صورت نمایش داده میشود: الیومَ أَکمَلتُ لَکم دِینَکم وَ أَتمَمتُ عَلَیکم نِعمَتی.--Hasaninasab (بحث)Küp doğranmış kuru soğanı sıvı yağda pembeleştirin. Biber salçasını ekleyerek 2 dakika daha kavurun. Yıkanmış yeşil mercimeği ilave edin ve 5 dakika birlikte kavurduktan sonra 7 su bardağı sıcak suyu ekleyin. Mercimeği bir taşım kaynattıktan sonra baharatları ekleyin. Mercimeğin pişmesine yakın bulguru ilave edin; bulgur ve mercimek yumuşayana kadar kaynatın. Üzerine taze nane serperek servis yapın.A prototype rooftop collector focuses solar rays into a set of half-inch-wide polymer fibers that are capped in heat-resistant quartz.
Atop a three-story building at the east end of Oak Ridge National Laboratory in rural Tennessee, the warped image of researcher Jeff Muhs reflects off a silvery 46-inch-wide dish aimed at the afternoon sun. The slowly rotating mirror focuses sunlight into fiber-optic cables, which snake under the roof, past insulation and electrical wiring, and emerge in a light fixture one floor down. “It’s real impressive . . . on a sunny day,” Muhs says sheepishly. On overcast days like today, a video demonstration has to suffice. Sunlight piped from the roof blends with fluorescent light in the fixture down below, offering a warm glow that looks much more natural than the harshness of conventional fluorescents.
Bringing the sun into the mix not only cuts electricity use for indoor illumination by up to 50 percent, it also addresses a fundamental problem with office buildings—how to get daylight into the interior. Architectural studies show that, at best, light from windows penetrates only about 20 feet inside a structure. The solution came to Muhs 10 years ago during a business trip to Japan. There he found silicone gel fibers that transmitted light far more efficiently than any he had seen before. He realized that a network of those fibers could spread sunshine throughout a building.
The sunlight flows into a building through a network of exceptionally transparent fiber-optic cables.
The idea was simple, but execution was a problem because passing clouds can suddenly dim the sun; on overcast days, of course, there’s no sunlight to tap into at all. Muhs eventually hit on a hybrid fixture that combines an acrylic sunlight-diffusing rod with two fluorescent lamps attached to a dimmer. He then added a sensor that can read the brightness of the room and adjust the fluorescents as needed.
The prototype at Oak Ridge has been running for more than a year. A dish-shaped collector on the roof bounces sunlight to a smaller mirror, which concentrates the rays into a bundle of fiber-optic cables. At noon on a sunny day, the system can illuminate about 500 square feet of floor space for every square yard of dish. “I was skeptical,” says Paul Phillips, vice president of product development at LSI Industries in Cincinnati, which builds the prototype hybrid fixtures. “Then I saw the simplicity of it and the potential for reducing cost.”
The fibers transmit 40 to 45 percent of the incoming sunlight into a ceiling fixture containing two acrylic rods that are etched to scatter the light evenly; the adjacent fluorescent bulbs fill in when sunshine alone is too weak to illuminate the room. Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory hope that piped-in sunlight will put a serious dent in the amount of energy used to light commercial buildings, which accounts for about 10 percent of all electricity consumption in the United States. Photovoltaic cells placed behind the collector’s secondary mirror could augment the savings by converting the sun’s invisible infrared rays into electricity.
By Muhs’s estimate, an installed hybrid system would sell for about $4,000 per dish. A small 20,000-square-foot office building would require 40 prototype collectors, or a smaller number of the double-size ones Muhs’s team intends to build. Such a setup could save $10,000 a year in electricity even compared with high-efficiency fluorescent lights. The Antares Group, renewable energy consultants, project that 3.5 million dishes could be in use by 2020, leading to a total savings of more than $1 billion.
Muhs believes retail spaces such as furniture stores are the best places to begin because they are open long hours and rely on inefficient halogen bulbs to bring out the same color and detail that sunlight does. A typical halogen light provides 14 lumens of illumination per watt. An energy-efficient fluorescent light yields 90 lumens per watt. On a sunny day, a hybrid fixture puts out the equivalent of two fluorescents while using no electricity at all. Hybrid lighting in an average-size store in the Southwest could pay for itself in four years, but Muhs expects that psychological factors will really seal the deal.
Companies have reported that skylights and windows enhance worker productivity and sales, and some studies suggest that daylight raises students’ test scores. A 1999 study of 108 stores in a retail chain found that outlets with skylights had 30 to 50 percent higher sales, even though most shoppers interviewed were unaware of the lights. They said the stores felt cleaner, more spacious, and brighter. Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute are testing to see whether hybrid solar illumination similarly elevates productivity and mood.
The Oak Ridge team will install finalized prototype fixtures in a Tennessee Valley Authority site in Alabama and in a Sacramento utility. Wal-Mart executives have expressed interest in trying out the system as well. Muhs is optimistic that hybrid lighting, like hybrid cars, will catch on as a prestige technology: “I think it could become a trendy thing to demand, ‘I want sunlight inside my office.’ ”1.使用show status like 'Com%';可以查到各种语句执行的次数。
Com_select:执行select操作的次数。
Com_insert:执行insert的次数
Com_update：执行update的次数
Com_delete:执行delete的次数
对于事务型的应用，Com_commit和Com_rollback可以了解事务的提交和回滚。如果回滚频繁，可能应用存在问题。
使用show status like 'Slow%';可以查到慢查询次数。其中 Slow_queries：慢查询次数。
2.定位执行效率较低的SQL语句
2.1 使用——log-slow-queries[=file_name]选项启动MySQL服务，会记录超过long_query_time秒的sql日志到文件。
2.2 查找到低效率的SQL后，通过EXPLAIN分析低效sql的执行。关键点在于type：表的连接类型，key：实际使用索引，rows：扫描行的数量。可以根据extra进行优化。
3.索引问题
1.mysql可以对字段的前4个字符进行索引。
2.最左前缀：对于创建的符合索引，只要查询的条件用到了最左边的列，索引一般就会被使用。
3.like的查询，只有%号不在第一个字符，索引才可能被用上。（假如like的条件已经含有全部搜索条件，也没有必要用索引）
4.存在索引但不使用索引
1.因为MySQL估计索引比全表扫描更慢
2.用or分割开的条件，如果前面的列有索引，后面的列没有索引，那么涉及的索引都不会被用到。
3.如果不是索引列的第一部分（最左）
4.如果like以%开始
5.如果列类型是字符串，不加引号
5.优化内存空间，对数据库数磁盘碎片进行整理
optimize table test;
执行期间会表锁定，需要在数据库不繁忙的时候执行。
6.
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city to become our partners in providing high quality education for all of Columbus’s children. We further believe that caring parents, teachers and other individuals with professional expertise will be united by this vision and be a constructive voice and advocate for Columbus ‘children – a voice that says, “this is the kind of education our children need for today and for tomorrow.”
The future of our nation depends on the strength of its young people. A majority of children spend a significant part of their early years being educated and cared for away from home. Those who care about the well-being of young children must make certain that these settings provide all children with the support that is essential to their healthy growth and development. High quality early childhood education programs can prevent the failure that many children experience later in school. A child’s early years are at a time when the most rapid mental and physical growth occurs. Many research studies point out the significance of the first five years of life in determining the child’s ultimate level of intellectual growth and functioning.
The Columbus City School system has a history of providing early childhood programs for its students. With ESEA Title 1 funds, the district operated a Pre-Kindergarten Program as part of its efforts to enhance primary language development. These programs operated in the late sixties and early seventies. In addition to earlier Pre-Kindergarten Programs, Columbus City Schools initiate All-Day Kindergarten in January 1972 as a supplementary program in selected Chapter 1 “high priority” elementary schools. These programs were designed to provide extra help to the neediest students. In 1992, Columbus City Schools implemented Full-Day Kindergarten in all of its elementary schools, as a result a Levy Promise to voters.
In January 1989, the Board of Education commissioned a 40 member community and professional task force to study the K-8 programs in Columbus Public Schools. In December 1989, the task force delivered its report to the Board of Education. One of the Task Force’s principal recommendations asked the district to develop strong early childhood programs, especially for pre-kindergarten children. In January 1990, the Board approved a proposal to establish a Department of Early Childhood Education. Columbus Public School recognized the importance of early childhood education by establishing a Department of Early Childhood Education to oversee programs and practices for children, ages three through age eight. An outgrowth of the focus on early childhood was the establishment of the Early Childhood Education Reform Committee. This committee, made up of administrators, teachers, parents and community representatives, developed a philosophy statement and recommendations for board policy in order that all efforts in early childhood education are coordinated and in keeping with guidelines of the NAEYC (National Association for the Education of Young Children.)
Pre-K Parent Orientation Day
September 3rd and 4th, 2019
(Parents will receive specific information regarding their buildings” orientation schedule from their classroom teacher.)
First Official Day of Pre-K Attendance
September 5, 2019
Early Childhood Education
Central Enrollment Center
430 Cleveland Ave., Columbus 43215
Special Needs Preschool
Ann F. Lockett,
Division of ECE, Director
Rochelle L. Wilkerson,
Division of ECE, Supervisor
Division of ECE Principal/Supervisor at Linden Park Neighborhood Early Childhood Education CenterIl libro di Giona appartiene a quella sezione, che va sotto il nome di “profeti minori” o, ancora meglio, quello dei “dodici profeti” ed è collocato subito dopo il libro del profeta Abdia. Rispetto agli altri libri, quello di Giona è un libro particolare, perché esso, a differenza degli altri, non contiene nessun oracolo profetico, ma si presenta come un racconto, che vuole essere esso stesso una “profezia”.
Per meglio comprendere il senso di questa affermazione, è opportuno chiarire sin da principio cosa vogliamo indicare con il termine “profezia”. Essa non può essere compresa come un’attività assimilabile a quella dell’indovino o dell’astrologo. L’elemento fondamentale, che caratterizza l’esercizio della profezia, è dato dall’ascolto della Parola di Dio. Il profeta è innanzitutto una persona in ascolto della Parola di Dio, in quanto ha imparato a scoprire nella sua vita e negli avvenimenti della storia questa presenza viva ed operante di Dio.
Attraverso l’osservazione attenta degli avvenimenti della storia egli accetta di farsi interlocutore di questo Dio, che ha una parola da dire sulle vicende umane, conducendole verso un porto di salvezza. Il profeta si ritrova a dire una parola o a compiere delle azioni, che sono il frutto di questa obbedienza a Chi ha preso l’iniziativa nella sua vita. Egli non parla da sé, ma dice ciò che ha ascoltato, avendo ben chiaro che, se venisse meno al suo compito, dovrebbe rispondere del fallimento del suo popolo davanti a Dio.
1. Il contesto in cui nasce il racconto del profeta Giona
Il libro di Giona consta di soli quattro capitoli ed è suddivisibile in due parti, avendo nel mezzo un inno di ringraziamento, che il profeta innalza a Dio dal ventre del grande pesce. La trama del racconto è molto semplice: c’è un profeta in Israele, Giona, che viene chiamato da Dio ed inviato a Ninive per annunciare alla città il giudizio di Dio. La peculiarità del racconto sta proprio nel fatto che Giona intende sottrarsi in modo risoluto a questo compito scegliendo la fuga, ma alla fine si ritrova ad esercitare la sua missione, nonostante il suo rifiuto iniziale.
Il narratore della storia di Giona, il profeta, ha disposto gli elementi del racconto in modo tale da far risaltare attraverso un fine umorismo la modalità dell’agire di Dio, che pur rispettando gelosamente la libertà dell’uomo, porta a compimento il suo progetto. Prima di passare all’ascolto del testo, vorremmo chiederci, però, cosa possa aver mosso il narratore a proporci la storia di Giona.
In effetti la storia di Giona va collocata in quel clima di ricostruzione urbanistica, ma anche civile e religiosa, che ha caratterizzato gli anni del ritorno dall’esilio. Israele ha conosciuto l’amarezza della sconfitta da parte degli Assiri e dei Babilonesi, la tragedia della deportazione, ma ha anche sperimentato la tentazione di radicarsi nella nuova realtà, lasciandosi assimilare alla cultura dei dominatori. In modo inaspettato il ritorno nella terra di Israele è stato reso possibile dall’editto di Ciro, che permetteva a tutti i deportati di ritornare alla propria terra.
I libri di Neemia e di Esdra sono testimoni di questo movimento di ritorno e del fervore che animava coloro che erano già rientrati in patria. Avevano subito messo mano alla ricostruzione del Tempio, cercando di rimettere in piedi tutto il sistema religioso, ma allo steso tempo si era fatto strada una concezione integrista di salvaguardare la fede, cadendo facilmente nel nazionalismo e nel clericalismo. Si assisteva, in tal modo al moltiplicarsi di liturgie penitenziali o alla decisione di non aver alcun contatto con i popoli vicini, rispedendo alle loro case le donne straniere.
Il racconto di Giona presuppone questo diffuso clima di diffidenza verso tutto ciò che non appartiene ad Israele e l’affermarsi di un modo nazionalistico di concepire il rapporto di Alleanza, che Dio ha stretto con il suo popolo. In effetti la missione, che Dio affida a Giona, mira a spezzare questa chiusura autoreferenziale, che mette in sordina il senso vero dell’elezione di Israele da parte di Dio.
Israele è chiamato, sì, ad essere il popolo di Dio, ma non per chiudersi nel godimento di un proprio privilegio, ma per portare con Dio la responsabilità di questo mondo, di questa storia umana chiusa in una spirale di violenza e di morte. Nella figura di Giona, che oltretutto significa “colomba”, è tutto Israele, in quanto popolo di Dio, che viene chiamato a vivere la propria esistenza “davanti al volto” di tutte le nazioni, testimoniando l’unicità e la fedeltà amorosa del Dio creatore del mondo e Signore della storia.
Egli viene inviato a Ninive, quella città, da cui Israele ha ragioni da vendere per tenersi alla larga, perché essa è il luogo dell’impero, la realtà capace di esercitare sugli altri un potere oppressivo. Ninive non rappresenta soltanto il mondo dei pagani, ma designa quella città o quella nazione o quelle istituzioni che nei vari momenti della storia si ritrovano ad esercitare un potere, che schiaccia, asserve, annienta qualsiasi forma di libertà.
Il narratore della storia di Giona sta, dunque, proponendo un piatto molto indigesto per un credente, che ha conosciuto la crudeltà ed il cinismo dell’oppressore. Come può egli accettare la logica di un Dio che mostra di avere a cuore la sorte degli stessi oppressori? Ma lo stesso finale del racconto ribalta l’interrogativo, perché adesso è Dio stesso che chiede a questo credente scandalizzato se dell’oppressione bisogna incolpare tutto un popolo, quei “centoventimila, che non sanno distinguere tra la mano destra e la sinistra” (Gn 4,11).
In questo interrogativo, che di fatto lascia aperto il racconto, si intravvede in filigrana Esodo 34,2-7 ed il modo di come Dio si rivela a Mosè: “Il Signore passò davanti a lui, proclamando: il Signore, il Signore, Dio misericordioso e pietoso, lento all’ira e ricco di amore e di fedeltà.”. Ma si intravvede anche l’allargamento di orizzonte operato dal profeta Geremia: “A volte nei riguardi di una nazione io decido di sradicare, di demolire e di distruggere, ma se questa nazione, contro la quale avevo parlato, si converte dalla sua malvagità, io mi pento del male che avevo pensato di farle”(Ger 18,7-8).
2. Lettura del Capitolo I – La grande tentazione del credente: la fuga dalla responsabilità
Il racconto inizia senza un prologo, che permetta all’ascoltatore di collocarsi in un determinato tempo e spazio. Esso si apre, invece, con queste parole: “E fu la Parola di Dio su Giona, figlio di Amittai”. Direbbe Giovanni nel suo Vangelo: In principio il Verbo”, perché l’iniziativa è di Dio ed ogni profeta può ben testimoniare questa irruzione della Parola, che realizza ciò che dice. Si tratta di una Parola inaspettata e come nel caso di Giona è anche una Parola indesiderata, che scomoda e che mette in movimento, finché non si giunga a quella risposta, che è allo stesso tempo assunzione di responsabilità.
v. 2: “ Alzati (Kum), Va’ (lek) a Ninive, la città la grande e proclama (Kerà) su essa che è salita la sua malvagità davanti al mio volto”.
La Parola che irrompe su Giona è Parola di resurrezione. C’è una situazione di sonno, di immobilità, di paura e la Parola sopraggiunge per sconvolgere un mondo di abitudini e di pregiudizi e per risvegliare alla vita. Il profeta è risvegliato ed è anche inviato alla città, quella grande, perché questa città, che è il frutto della capacità degli uomini, ha costruito la sua grandezza su quella volontà di potenza, che si traduce in sbocchi disastrosi per la convivenza umana.
Dio non intende avallare un modo di stare al mondo, che sia fondato sulla prepotenza, che non sa produrre altro che una storia di dolore e di morte e proprio per questo scomoda coloro che confidano in Lui, perché siano pronti ad affrontare il mondo, proclamando, gridando che quella grandezza non fa salire a Dio “il soave profumo” di una vita donata, ma verso di Lui sale tutto il miasmo della “malvagità” degli uomini.
Dio è preoccupato della sorte degli uomini ed intende coinvolgere coloro che sono legati a Lui con il vincolo dell’Alleanza a non sottrarsi al compito di farsi carico di questa malvagità. Si tratta della stessa malvagità, di cui si parla in Gen. 6,5 a proposito del diluvio universale e dove è detto che “ogni intimo intento del loro cuore non era altro che male, sempre”.
v. 3: “E si alzò Giona per fuggire a Tarsis lontano dal volto del Signore. Discese a Giaffa…”
Giona di fronte alla voce che lo chiama non oppone nessuna resistenza, come, invece, hanno fatti altri personaggi della Bibbia come Mosé o come Geremia. Egli oppone solo un silenzio, che lo
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�ه داشته باشند.
پیش بینی سقوط پلتفرم سلسیوس و تاثیر آن بر بیت کوین
بیت کوین پس از نوسان طولانی مدت در یک منطقه محدود، سرانجام به زیر این منطقه شکست و از پایین ترین سطح ماه گذشته نیز عبور کرد.
بیت کوین بعد از جهش از سطح 26800 دلار، چند هفته را در منطقه 30000 دلار نوسان کرد و نتوانست به طور قاطع به بالا یا پایین این منطقه بشکند. در حال حاضر، اگرچه شرایط مطابق میل سرمایه گذاران نیست، به نظر می رسد جهت بیت کوین مشخص شده است.
نمودار هفتگی قیمت بیت کوین
به گفته Rekt Capital (معامله گر و تحلیل گر بازار)، بیت کوین نه تنها از منطقه 30000 دلار خارج شده، بلکه در حال خارج شدن از منطقه کلان معاملاتی ( که از آغاز سال 2021 تاکنون در آن نوسان داشته) است.
طبق داده های کوین تلگراف مارکتس پرو و تریدینگ ویو، بسته شدن شمع هفتگی در حدود 26600 دلار، پایین ترین سطح قیمت بیت کوین از دسامبر 2020 تاکنون بوده است. با این حال، بازار در زمان انتشار این مطلب تغییرات پی در پی داشت و یادآور سقوط قیمت به زیر سطح 27000 دلار در ماه مه بود.
در ماه مارس 2022 شبکه ترا سقوط کرد و ارزش توکن های LUNA و UST (در حال حاضر LUNC و USTC نامیده می شوند) به شدت کاهش یافت. اما گویا در بازار ارز رمزنگاری این چنین سقوط ها پایان ندارند و آخر این هفته نوبت به پلتفرم سلسیوس و توکن آن به نام CEL رسید تا روند ترا را دنبال کنند.
تصمیم پلتفرم سلسیوس مبنی بر توقف برداشت ها و نقل و انتقالات به منظور “تثبیت نقدینگی” بر قیمت توکن CEL تاثیر گذاشت و این توکن حدود 50 درصد سقوط کرد. این پلتفرم در یک پست وبلاگ که در 13 ژوئن منتشر شده، خاطرنشان کرد:
به دلیل شرایط بد بازار، امروز اعلام می کنیم که سلسیوس تمام برداشت ها، سواپ و انتقال بین حساب ها را متوقف می کند.
در واکنش، کارشناسان بیت کوین که پس از شکست پروژه ترا به بخش آلت کوین ها بی اعتماد شده بودند، بی درنگ علت ادامه روند نزولی بزرگ ترین ارز بازار را به اتفاقات رخ داده در پلتفرم سلسیوس نسبت دادند.
رابرت بریدلاو، مجری پادکست “What is Money” در بخشی از نظرات توییتر اضافه کرد:
ممکن است پلتفرم سلسیوس سقوط کند و سرمایه های کاربران را با خود ببرد.
رسیدن نرخ تورم آمریکا به بالاترین سطح در 40 سال گذشته
یک رویداد قوی سیاه که از ترا پیروی می کند، احتمالا آخرین چیزی است که بیت کوین با توجه به شرایط کلان متزلزل به آن نیاز دارد. صرف نظر از این، امکان دارد بازار در هفته جاری دوباره متشنج شود، چون کمیته بازار آزاد فدرال (FOMC) خود را برای جلسه 15 ژوئن آماده می کند.
پس از اعلام نرخ تورم 8.6 درصدی در روز جمعه که فراتر از توقعات بود، انتظار می رود که فدرال رزرو روند افزایش نرخ بهره را برای مهار آن تسریع کند؛ تصمیمی که نه بازار سهام و نه بازار ارزهای رمزنگاری از آن استقبال نمی کنند. اگر جی پاول و FOMC نرخ بهره را بیش از 50 واحد (0.5 درصد) افزایش دهند، مطمئنا مرحله جدید روند نزولی در بازارها شروع خواهد شد.
کروگر نیز افزود که فدرال رزرو به احتمال زیاد عامل اصلی روند نزولی در دارایی های پرریسک است. فشار فروش در آغاز هفته شرایط بازار سهام را بدتر کرد و بر ارزهای حساس به ریسک مانند ین ژاپن و دلار استرالیا تاثیر گذاشت.
استراتژیست های گلدمن ساکس از جمله زک پاندل در یادداشتی به نقل از بلومبرگ در 13 ژوئن نوشتند:
در برخی مواقع شرایط مالی به اندازه کافی وخیم می شود و /یا روند رشد اقتصادی به قدری ضعیف می شود که می توانند مانع افزایش نرخ بهره توسط فدرال رزرو شوند. اما به نظر می رسد که هنوز خیلی با این شرایط فاصله داریم و احتمالا بازده اوراق افزایش خواهد یافت و این به طور مداوم بر دارایی های پرریسک فشار وارد خواهد کرد.
بلومبرگ همچنین گزارش داد که احتمال افزایش 75 واحدی (0.75 درصدی) نرخ بهره در این دوره وجود دارد و نرخ بهره تا پایان سال 2022 تا 3 درصد افزایش خواهد یافت.
حرکت صعودی دلار به سمت رکورد 20 ساله خود
در حالی که دارایی های پرریسک روند نزولی دارند، شاخص دلار به روند صعودی خود ادامه می دهد. شاخص دلار آمریکا در هفته های اخیر کاهش یافت، اما اکنون روند صعودی خود را از سر گرفته و رکورد ماه مه در 105 واحد را هدف قرار داده است. این سطح اوج شاخص دلار از سال 2002 بوده و این شاخص در زمان انتشار این مطلب تنها 0.5 واحد با آن فاصله داشت.
شاخص دلار
به گفته تونی ادوارد، قوی شدن شاخص دلار منجر به کاهش قیمت دارایی ها می شود. از زمان سقوط کل بازارهای مالی در مارس 2020، بیت کوین همبستگی معکوس با شاخص دلار داشته است. تا زمانی که روند شاخص دلار نزولی نشود، بیت کوین همچنان به کاهش خود ادامه خواهد داد.
شاخص فلاکت شرایط بحران
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ی واشنگتن علیه قرارداد ایرباس ممکن است موجب بروز شکاف میان دولت ترامپ و اروپا شود.
به گزارش تهران پرس
، مقامات اروپایی بارها این گلایه را مطرح کرده اند که اروپا قبل از توافق هسته ای بخش اعظم لطمه را از تحریم ها علیه ایران متحمل شده، زیرا شرکت های امریکایی از قبل مبادلات تجاری بسیار محدودی با ایران داشتهاند.
دیوید او سالیوان، سفیر اتحادیه اروپا در آمریکا گفت: «ما کسانی هستیم که تمام درد و رنج ناشی از همه تحریم ها (علیه ایران) را متحمل شده ایم.»
وی همچنین هشدارد داد که آمریکا برجام را با ریسک فروپاشی مواجه ساخته است. «نباید هیچ کاری برای بلا اثر کردن برجام صورت پذیرد، زیرا وقتی شما آنچه را در زمینه لغو تحریم ها با دست راست داده اید با دست چپ می گیرید، مسلما نمی توان انتظار داشت که ایران به توافق پایبند باشد.»
یک دیپلمات ارشد نزدیک به مذاکرات با دولت
ترامپ گفت، یکی از ملاحظات مطرح این است که اجازه تحویل آهسته هواپیماها به ایران داده شود تا اطمینان حاصل شود که ایران از این هواپیماها برای اهداف نظامی استفاده نمی کند یا اینکه هواپیماهای قدیمی، قطعات و خدمات نگهداری برای تعمیر هواپیماهای ایرلاین های دیگری نظیر ماهان ایر که تحت تحریم دولت
آمریکا قرار دارد استفاده نشوند.
منبع: تسنیمEliminare l'herpes labiale comporta l'assunzione di farmaci antivirali come aciclovir, valaciclovir, famciclovir e penciclovir, secondo la Mayo Clinic. Fortunatamente, l'herpes labiale di solito migliora da sola dopo due o quattro settimane senza trattamento.
Le creme antivirali aiutano ad alleviare i sintomi e accelerare il tempo di guarigione, ma ci sono anche pillole. Le pillole funzionano meglio delle creme, osserva Mayo Clinic. I cerotti a freddo che contengono gel idrocolloidi aiutano a curare le ferite della pelle. Usando il farmaco non appena compaiono i primi sintomi, si ottengono risultati migliori, afferma NHS Choices. Le ferite fredde sono vesciche che si sviluppano intorno alla bocca e sono causate da un virus chiamato herpes simplex.Contrary to the old cliché, prostitution is almost certainly not the world’s oldest profession – that would be hunting and gathering, perhaps followed by subsistence farming – but it has been found in nearly every civilization on Earth stretching back throughout all recorded human history. We can say with some confidence that wherever there have been money, goods, or services to be bartered, somebody has bartered them for sex.
18th Century BCE: Hammurabi refers to prostitution
The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi includes provisions to protect the inheritance rights of prostitutes, the only category of women (except for widows) who had no male providers:
‘If a devoted woman or a prostitute to whom her father has given a dowry and a deed therefore […] then her father die, then her brothers shall hold her field and garden, and give her corn, oil, and milk according to her portion […].’
‘If a sister of a god, or a prostitute, receive a gift from her father, and a deed in which it has been explicitly stated that she may dispose of it as she pleases […] then she may leave her property to whomsoever she pleases.’
6th Century BCE: Solon establishes state-funded brothels
Woman refusing money offered by a gentleman who has assumed she is a prostitute
Greek literature refers to three classes of prostitutes: pornai, or slave prostitutes; freeborn street prostitutes; and hetaera, educated prostitute-entertainers who enjoyed a level of social influence that was denied to nearly all non-prostitute women. Pornai and street prostitutes, appealing to a male clientele, could be either female or male. Hetaera were always female.
According to tradition, the Athenian statesman Solon established government-supported brothels in high-traffic urban areas of Greece – brothels staffed with inexpensive pornai that all men, regardless of income level, could afford to hire.
Prostitution would remain legal throughout the Greek and Roman periods, though later, Christian Roman emperors strongly discouraged it.
Circa 590: Reccared I bans prostitution
The newly-converted Reccared I, Visigoth King of Spain, banned prostitution as part of an effort to bring his country into alignment with Christian ideology. There was no punishment for men who hired or exploited prostitutes, but women found guilty of selling sexual favors were whipped 300 times and exiled, which in many cases would have been tantamount to a death sentence.
1161: King Henry II regulates but does not ban prostitution
In the medieval era, prostitution was accepted as a fact of life in most major cities. King Henry II discouraged yet permitted it, though he mandated that prostitutes must be single and ordered weekly inspections of London’s infamous brothels to ensure that other laws were not being broken.
1358: Italy embraces prostitution
In 1358, the Great Council of Venice declared prostitution to be:
‘Absolutely indispensable to the world.’
Furthermore, government-funded brothels were established in major Italian cities throughout the 14th and 15th centuries.
1586: Pope Sixtus V mandates death penalty for prostitution
German prostitute, Berlin
Penalties for prostitution (ranging from maiming to execution) were technically in place in many European states, but generally went unenforced. The newly-elected Pope Sixtus V grew frustrated and decided on a more direct approach, ordering that all women who participate in prostitution should be put to death. There is no evidence that his order was actually carried out on any large scale by Catholic nations of the period.
1802: France establishes bureau of morals
Following the French Revolution, the government replaced the traditional bans on prostitution with a new Bureau of Morals – first in Paris, and then throughout the country. The new agency was essentially a police force responsible for monitoring houses of prostitution in order to ensure that they complied with the law, and did not become centers of criminal activity. The agency operated continuously for over a century before it was abolished.
1932: Forced prostitution in Japan
“The women cried out, but it didn’t matter to us whether the women lived or died. We were the emperor’s soldiers. Whether in military brothels or in the villages, we raped without reluctance.”
– Yasuji Kaneko, Japanese WWII veteran
During World War II, the Japanese government abducted between 80,000 and 300,000 women and girls from Japanese-occupied territories and forced them to serve in so-called comfort battalions, militarized brothels that were created to serve Japanese soldiers.
To this day, the Japanese government has denied responsibility and refused to issue an official apology or pay restitution.
1956: India almost bans sex trafficking
Although the Immoral Traffic Suppression Act (SITA) theoretically banned commercialized sex trade in 1956, Indian anti-prostitution laws are generally enforced, and have traditionally been enforced, as public order statutes. As long as prostitution is restricted to certain areas however, it is generally tolerated.
1971: Nevada permits brothels
However Nevada State politicians have consistently held the position that they personally oppose legalized prostitution, they do not believe that it should be banned at the state level. Subsequently, some counties ban brothels and some allow them to operate legally. At the time of writing, it is the only US state where prostitution is legal.
1999: Sweden takes a feminist approach
Although anti-prostitution laws have historically focused on the arrest and punishment of prostitutes themselves, the Swedish government attempted a new approach in 1999. Classifying prostitution as a form of violence against women, Sweden offered a general amnesty to prostitutes and initiated new programs designed to help them transition into other lines of work.The Mystery of the Monster Pulsar
23 Sep 2016
One of the coolest characters from the Marvel Universe is J.A.R.V.I.S.; Tony Stark's (AKA Iron Man’s) home computing system. J.A.R.V.I.S takes care of everything from tuning Stark’s home heating systems to navigating the Iron Man armour.
Unfortunately, J.A.R.V.I.S. isn’t real, however supercomputers are real, and they’re used to do all kinds of incredible things! Supercomputers have simulated the birth of our Universe, and even revealed how it may eventually end.
This month scientists used a supercomputer to solve a two-year mystery: The Mystery of the Monster Pulsar.
In 2014, a space telescope detected some unexpected ‘blinking’ signals coming from what we believed was a feeding black hole. (Unlike us, black holes eat anything that gets too close — including stars and planets!)
While black holes are normally invisible, as they feed they pull in material so quickly that it becomes super-heated and begins to shine, similar to the way rubbing two sticks together can start a fire.
The more a black hole eats, the bright it becomes…to a certain point. Eventually a sort of “traffic jam” occurs as the in-falling material piles up. This limits the amount of material being swallowed.
Black holes have super-strong gravity, allowing them to overcome this traffic jam effect to keep growing brighter. The object detected in 2014 shone brighter than 10 million suns!
For a long time, it’s been believed that only these heavyweights of the Universe were massive enough to bypass the traffic jam and grow into super-bright X-ray sources (called ULXs). But black holes don’t blink, so what was this strange object?
This is where supercomputers come in. Astronomers aren’t able to travel to the ULX, which lies 12 million light years away. Instead, they simulated the odd, “blinking” ULX on a supercomputer in a lab on Earth.
Despite everything we thought we knew, the simulation showed that it may actually be possible for a type of bright, blinking star called a “pulsar” to also bypass the cosmic “traffic jam”. It’s time we gave this monster pulsar it’s well deserved moment in the spotlight!Il mestiere delle armi (Back in the World) è l'episodio 11x17 della serie E.R. - Medici in prima linea (ER). E' diretto da Jonathan Kaplan e scritto da David Zabel, David Zabel, Lisa Zwerling. La data della prima trasmissione originale è 24.03.2005.
Trama
Neela cerca di incontrare Michael in reparto ma il ragazzo sembra volatilizzarsi ogni volta che lei sta per raggiungerlo. Finalmente i due ragazzi si riabbracciano e possono confidarsi i loro sentimenti. Intanto Alex dice a Sam che Steve sta per tornare a Chicago. Più tardi, Frank informa Luka che Steve è ricercato in Colorado.
Cast e Personaggi Altri ruoli: 33 totali
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|Commenta:|IL RAGAZZO CONTRO LA GUERRA. Una storia di Gino Strada, di Giuseppe Catozzella (Mondadori – maggio 2022)
“Ma io che colpa ne avevo, non si scelgono le prime parole che si pronunciano, e sono sicuro che magari le parole degli altri bambini sono normali, tipo “mamma” o “papà”, oppure “pappa” o “pipì”, e dire jung come prima cosa sembrerà strano, ma dovevo averla sentita talmente tante volte che la mia prima parola è stata proprio jung. Perché da noi esiste un rumore che non c’è da nessun’altra parte del mondo, e jung è la parola che dice quel rumore lì. Se ancora non si è capito che rumore è, jung è il rumore della guerra.”
L’autore, dopo essersi stupito che ad un incontro con degli studenti di scuola superiore, il cui tema virò sulla guerra, nessuno di essi conoscesse Gino Strada o Emergency, ha deciso di…leggi tutta la recensione
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sketches can be detected in the somewhat mocking tone of his portrayal of Olga. For instance, with the death of each husband, the narrator relates the passion and depth of Olga’s mourning, but, almost in the same breath, relates her involvement with a new suitor only months after the death of the last. Some critics interpret this mocking tone as evidence that Chekhov’s intention was to criticize the limitations placed on women by traditional gender roles. However, some critics note that, by the end of the story, the narrator’s tone changes from that of mockery to that of pathos. Olga emerges as a pathetic creature, whose all-encompassing love for the little boy is met by his disdain and scorn.
Chekhov is known for his virtually plotless stories, which focus on the details of character, rather than the intricacies of plot. Chekhov’s literary beginnings as a writer of short, humorous sketches can be traced in this “character sketch” of Olga Semyonovna. Every detail, event, and character in the story is designed to develop and illuminate the central character. Further, the story focuses on Olga’s defining character trait: that she blindly devotes herself, in turn, to each of the three men in her life, molding her personality to suit the interests and opinions of whoever is her current husband or lover. By the end of the story, having lost all three of these men, Olga devotes her love to Sasha, the son of Smirnin, who is her former lover.
Thus, at the beginning of the story, it seems that Olga’s defining personality trait is her charm, indicated by the town’s nickname for her: “the darling.” However, as she grows older and loses this charm, it becomes apparent that her need to lose herself in the love of a man (or male child) is her most enduring trait because it outlives the charm of her youth. There is thus a certain irony in the title of the story—“The Darling”—because, by the end, she is no longer considered to be “darling.” In fact, the little boy whom she loves is somewhat repulsed by her smothering attentions.
Chekhov’s description of each of the other characters in the story operates as a minor character sketch in and of itself. Critics have noted that the minor characters in “The Darling”—particularly, the three men in Olga’s life—resemble “caricatures”—meaning that they are ironic representations that emphasize the most glaring flaws and absurdities of these men in a somewhat humorous tone.
“The Darling” is set in a small, provincial Russian town during the mid-nineteenth century. Olga and her various suitors are of an emerging class of small merchants, petty property owners, and managers, which arose in Russia in the wake of the 1861 emancipation of the serfs. Pustovalov, Olga’s second husband, is a prime example of a small-town merchant (he is the manager of a lumber yard) whose pretensions are indicated by his concerns with dressing above his station and the consumption of “fancy” foods. His character is indicative of the societal changes taking place in Russia during the second half of the century.
Critic Nadya Peterson, in her article, “The Languages of ‘The Darling,’” makes note of the allegorical implications of each central character’s name.
The name of Olga’s first husband, Kukin, suggests the Russian word kukish, which is a rude gesture. This reference implies that Kukin is somewhat crude, unrefined, and perhaps even offensive. Thus, the name presents the character of Kukin with some irony because he sees himself as above other men, an artist of the theater, and is disdainful of the masses who do not appreciate his art. Chekhov, however, endows his character with a name that signals to the reader not to take Kukin too seriously.
Similarly, the name of Pustovalov, Olga’s second husband, implies “triviality and vacuousness.” This reference suggests the shallow nature of his love for Olga, which seems to be based more on outward behavior and habits, and ultimately lacks true love of any real depth.
The name of Smirnin, the third man in Olga’s life, means “the weak one.” As with the first two men, the name of this character signals to the reader not to take him too seriously. Indeed, his character is ultimately “weak,” and lacks conviction in his relationships: he passively endures his wife’s infidelity, engages in an illicit affair with another woman, leaves Olga to return to his wife, and later, after his wife dies, remains in Olga’s house but does not resume their love affair.
Olga’s name is associated with the phrase “little soul.” Unlike the names of these men, her name communicates to the reader that Olga—despite her glaring weaknesses, silliness, and other personality flaws—is pure of heart and soul and that the reader is expected to regard her with genuine compassion, regardless of the fact that her approach to relationships with men seems silly and naïve.
In her article, Peterson points out the similarities between the character of Olga and the traditional characteristics of the witch in Russian folklore. Peterson points to Olga’s black cat, a common familiar of the witch, as well as her frequent visits, with her second husband, to the bathhouse, “the traditional locus of all prophecy, sorcery, and magical cures in Russian folklore.”
Russian Literature in the Nineteenth Century
Chekhov’s innovations as a short story writer appeared on the Russian literary scene during a period of transition from what is termed the “golden age” of Russian literature to the “silver age.” The predominant literary style in Russia, beginning in the 1840s, was that of realism. Because the government exercised strict censorship over political expression, fiction writers took on the burden of expressing political views through their stories. Nikolai Gogol, an early master of the Russian short story, combined realism with elements of the fantastic in his widely influential story, “The Overcoat.” Masters of the Russian realist novel include Turgenev (Fathers and Sons, 1862), Dostoyevsky (Crime and Punishment in 1866 and The Brothers Karamazov in 1879-1880), and Tolstoy (War & Peace’m 1865-1869, Anna Karenina in 1875-1877, and the novella The Death of Ivan Ilych in 1886). In the 1880s, however, the predominance of the realist style began to wane, as Chekhov became a dominant literary figure for his innovative style of short stories. Around the turn of the century, the predominant style became that of “symbolism,” influenced by movements in French art and literature. Chekhov’s work marked this transition in that it is “realist,” without being as overtly political or moralistic as his literary predecessors. Maxim Gorky became the heir to Chekhov as the master of the short story.
Women in Nineteenth Century Russia
As modern Russia emerged in the latter half of the nineteenth century, Russian women began to publicly express a desire for greater equality, particularly through access to higher education. Chekhov’s stories about women often refer to this context of pressure for social change in which women’s roles in society are seen as limited and limiting.
The “intelligentsia” in Russia in the latter half of the nineteenth century was a group of intellectuals who favored revolutionary ideas over aesthetic concerns. Russian realist writers, such as Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, and Chekhov, were strongly opposed to the intelligentsia, whose single-minded concern with revolutionary ideas opposed the more subtle implications of the social concerns addressed by the fiction writer.
The Moscow Art Theater
The Moscow Art Theater was founded by Konstantin Stanislavsky and Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko in 1898 as an experimental theater devoted to a dramatic style of “naturalism.” The theater opened with a production of Tolstoy’s Fyodor Ivanovich, but its first significant success was Chekhov’s play The Seagull, also performed that year. The Seagull had been a failure in a previous production by another theater, but was met with instant critical success in the hands of the newly formed Moscow Art Theater. Chekhov’s play was uniquely suited to the theatrical style developed by the Moscow Art Theater, as both focused on the inner life of their characters. Their performance of The Seagull won instant notoriety both for the theater itself and for Chekhov as a talented playwright. Chekhov’s subsequent major plays, Three Sisters, Uncle Vanya, and The Cherry Orchard were also performed by the Moscow Art Theater,
Compare & Contrast
- 1890s: Russia is under the reign of the czars Alexander III (1881-1894) and Nicholas II (1894-1917). Russia is in the midst of social unrest, as a series of massive strikes take place between 1885 and 1903, culminating in the failed revolution of 1905-1906. In 1917, however, socialists succeed in waging a revolution that profoundly changes the social and political structure of the nation.
1990s: When Gorbachev came into power in 1985, he instituted the policy of “glasnost” (openness) in contrast to the oppressive atmosphere of Soviet Russia. Since the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, the Soviet Union, or United Soviet Socialist Republic (U.S.S.R.), has been restructured, leading to a wide range of social, economic, and political reforms. Russian political structure has changed from communist to a form of democracy, headed by a president and a prime minister.
- 1890s: The experimental Moscow Art Theater, formed in 1898 and made up primarily of amateur actors, becomes synonymous with the plays of Chekhov, as they put into production the acting techniques developed by Konstantin Stanislavsky.
1990s: The Stanislavsky Method, also referred to as Method Acting, is a profoundly influential acting style both on stage and in film, throughout the world. The Actor’s Studio, founded in 1947 in New York City and devoted to teaching the methods of Stanislavsky, is especially influential in the training and style of American screen actors.
- 1890s: Anton Chekhov’s short stories represent a transitional stage between the “golden age” of Russian literature, dominated by Russian realism, and the “silver age” of symbolism, as influenced by French artists and writers. Because of strict state-sponsored censorship, political views can only be expressed indirectly through such forms as literature; writers thus come to shoulder the burden of political thought through their works of realist fiction. Chekhov’s stories, however, while realist, eschew the direct political and philosophical message of such writers as Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky.
1990s: As a result of Gorbachev’s policy of glasnost (openness), extreme state censorship of literature under Soviet Russia has been lifted, ushering in a new era in Russian literature. Uncensored Russian literature becomes available to the Russian public. Exiled writers and their work are welcomed back into the nation. Literary experimentation, such as postmodernism, emerges in the context of these new freedoms.
- 1890s: The intelligentsia in Russia refers to both a political perspective and a social milieu. The intelligentsia is a group of revolutionary radicals who value the expression of socialist ideals above all else in literature. Writers such as Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, and Chekhov disdain the intelligentsia for their narrow-minded evaluation of all literature on the basis of its revolutionary implications.
1990s: In modern English usage, the intelligentsia refers to a more general class of intellectuals who value knowledge and learning in both social style and political stance.
and the writer and theater became closely associated with one another in the minds of the public.
Russian Literary Life
Earlier in the nineteenth century, Russian literary life revolved around salon-gatherings of writers, artists, and intellectuals who came together to informally discuss and share their ideas and work. Later in the century, the locus of Russian literary life turned to the publication of journals. Even novels were originally published in serial form in such journals before being collected and published in book form. Most journals supported a clearly defined political stance. Chekhov was unusual in that he was able to publish his stories and humorous sketches across a wide range of journals, thus avoiding association with any one political perspective.
The most significant event in Russian history of the nineteenth century was the 1861 emancipation of the serfs. (Russian serfs were agricultural workers whose status was little more than that of slaves.) The emancipation of the serfs heralded a variety of social and economic reforms, as well as continuing political struggles over the rights of both rural and urban workers. The emancipation was made possible in part by Czar Alexander II, who ascended to power in 1855. In the 1860s and 1870s, revolutionary groups began to appear and gain popularity, leading in part to the assassination of Alexander II in 1881. Alexander III followed, reigning from 1881 until his death in 1894. Crop failures and the resultant famine in 1891 lead to revitalized revolutionary organization, which further increased with the succession of Alexander III’s son, Nicholas II, who reigned from 1894 until the Russian revolution of 1917. Socialist organizations solidified in the last few years of the century into two main groups, the Socialist Revolutionaries (founded in 1901) and the Social Democrats (founded in 1898). During and after the last few years of Chekhov’s life, massive strikes took place in 1885,1896, 1902, and 1903. Discontentment culminated in the revolution of 1905-1906, which caused much unrest but ultimately failed.
Chekhov is widely considered one of the greatest short story writers of the past two centuries; his international influence can hardly be overestimated. Thomas Winner, in his introduction to Chekhov and his Prose, states that Chekhov “is recognized today as perhaps the greatest of short-story writers whose innovations in form and technique as well as expressions of many hitherto untried themes have immeasurably altered our literary traditions.” In his economic use of descriptive language, Chekhov has been called the Russian Guy de Maupassant, in reference to the great French short story writer.
“The Darling,” first published in 1899, is widely considered to be one of Chekhov’s finest short stories. It is often discussed in conjunction with “The Lady with the Pet Dog,” as an example of Chekhov’s depictions of the place of women in Russian society. “The Darling” is also often categorized among Chekhov’s sketches of peasant life in rural Russia. As is most of his fiction, it is a realist tale, set in the cultural and historical context of Russia in the decades following the 1861 emancipation of the serfs. Chekhov’s use of descriptive language has been noted for its cool, journalistic, even clinical style, with setting and action often described with the sparseness of the stage directions in a play. As a character sketch, with strong elements of parodic humor, it shows the traces of Chekhov’s early literary career as a writer of short, humorous pieces. Chekhov himself saw “The Darling” as a humorous story; however, as with his plays, readers and critics often detect more serious elements of character beneath the surface level parody.
Upon its initial journal publication in 1899, “The Darling” was immediately praised by writer Leo Tolstoy, who was deeply moved by the story. As Nadya Peterson, in her article “The Languages of ‘Darling,’” points out, the story was “admitted into the canon of Russian literature by its patriarch— Leo Tolstoi—as one of Chekhov’s masterpieces.” Peterson explains that the story
elicited widely different responses from contemporary readers and critics to what they perceived as ‘The Darling’s’ message. Some found in
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do and there is no better time than the present. Property values throughout Houston will continue to climb and there is now the opportunity to purchase distressed properties along the city’s bayous in the hopes of further revitalizing and expanding Houston’s parks and greenspaces before those properties are sold for development or redevelopment.
The national non-profit organization Redfields to Greenfields hopes to help do just that. Their goal is to acquire adjoining properties along Houston’s major bayous and protect them and convert them from existing industrial or commercial use into greenspace and to help create one continuous greenbelt.
In addition, the Bayou Greenway Initiative – a $480 million effort led by the Houston Parks Board – is working to secure 4,900 acres of new greenspace that will control flooding, provide storm water management and more than 300 miles of continuous hike and bike trails along the bayous.
As a landscape architect and long-time Houston resident, I believe there is tremendous value in preserving, protecting and restoring the city’s bayous. Not only do the city’s bayous provide important natural habitat corridors for plants and wildlife, but Houston’s bayou’s are also an amazing, almost untapped recreational resource for a fast growing urban population and play a vital role in establishing the city’s identity well into its future.
- Every Body WalkWhy Race Matters in Planning Public Parks - Every Body Walk
- Full speed ahead for Parks By You – Off the KuffIn order to start reading, symptoms both preschool kids and kindergarteners have to learn some of the most commonly used “sight words” also known as high frequency words.
This fun Superhero themed sight words packet contains worksheets and activities to help get children reading and recognizing the first group of sight words. Kids begin to feel so empowered when they can actually read words. Activities are included to make a paper jointed Superhero and fun stickers of other superheros.
Sight Words in this beginner unit:
a I do go is it to up we can for see the all day
you Sam have here like look play said ball went
Included Printables & Activities: (Color / Black & White)
23 Trace/ Cut & Paste/ Color Word Worksheets
Large Word Wall cards
Cut & Paste Word sentence Worksheets
SuperHero Sam story
SuperHero story stickers
Sight word story stickers
SuperHero Name tags
Flashcard take home sheet
SuperHero Activity (Make your own jointed Super Hero)Akıllı telefonlara dair sızıntılarıyla ünlenen Steve Hemmerstoffer adlı bir kişi, Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra'ya ve 2022 amiral gemisi serisine ait dair render görüntüleri paylaştı. Paylaşımda Ultra versiyonun yanı sıra Galaxy S22 Plus'a dair görüntüler de mevcut.
Hemmerstoffer ve 91mobiles, görünüşe göre Galaxy S22 serisinin ortanca çocuğu olarak adlandırılabilecek modeli yeşil renkte gösteren render'lar yayınladı. Ve görünüşe göre S22 Plus, halefi ile pek çok ortak noktaya sahip. Cihazda flaşın konumu bile 2021 Plus modeliyle aynı.
Kamera çıkıntısıyla telefonun kalınlığı 9,1mm'ye çıkıyor
Giriş/çıkış portları açısından Samsung, telefonun yan tarafındaki ses tuşlarını S21 Plus'a kıyasla biraz daha aşağıya kaydırmış gibi görünüyor. Telefonun altında bir USB-C bağlantı noktası, hoparlör ızgarası ve SIM tepsisi bulunuyor. Telefonun ayrıca 157,4 mm x 75,8 mm x 7,6 mm ölçülerinde olduğu ve kamera çıkıntısının kalınlığı 9,1 mm'ye çıkardığı söyleniyor.
İşin garibi, Hemmerstoffer, görüntülerin kendisine Galaxy S22 Plus yerine Samsung Galaxy S22 Pro olarak ulaştığını söyledi. Samsung'un gerçekten bir isim değişikliği yapıp yapmayacağını anlamak için daha fazla sızıntı ve resmi bilgi beklememiz gerekecek.
Görünüşe göre S22 Plus, devrim nitelikte değişiklikler getirmiyor ve S21 Plus'ın biraz evrim geçirmiş bir hâli gibi duruyor. S22 Ultra'nın sızdırılmış görüntülerinde ise S Pen yuvası ve P şeklinde bir kamera çıkıntısı içeren, S21 Ultra'dan çok farklı bir cihaz görülüyor.Last Updated on July 22, 2020 by Yuvraj
There is a growing controversy over potential health risks associated with the herbicide glyphosate, the active ingredient in RoundUp®. Following extensive study, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), along with many other agencies, has maintained its findings that “glyphosate poses no risks to public health when used in accordance with its current label instructions” (US EPA 2019). Despite these findings, many people are concerned about possible health or environmental risks. These concerns have led to bans on glyphosate use on public property in several Florida counties and customers or homeowners becoming hesitant to have it applied to their property.
Glyphosate is currently the most applied postemergence herbicide in planting beds and other nonturf areas of residential and commercial landscapes in Florida. Glyphosate is a systemic/translocated herbicide, meaning that it moves within the plant tissues from the treated leaves, stems, and so on down to the roots. Because glyphosate is translocated throughout the weed, it is effective on most annual and perennial weeds. With one herbicide, an applicator can control almost all common broadleaf, grass, and sedge weeds in Florida landscapes.
Because glyphosate is so effective, it is often used as a “stand-alone” tool, which is not recommended. Any pest-control strategy should be integrated, meaning that a variety of tools are used to manage pests in a responsible manner. One herbicide should not be overly relied upon for control due to risks of resistance development, along with a host of other concerns that may arise from an environmental or plant safety standpoint.
For more information on glyphosate and other alternative methods to control weed, including specific recommendations, please consult Use of Glyphosate and Herbicide Alternatives for Weed Control in Florida Landscape Planting BedsFatih Terim, Türkiye'nin en başarılı teknik direktörü.
Avrupa'da bir Türk takımını şampiyon yapan, Türk Milli Takımı'nı Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası'na taşıyan, Türkiye Ligi'nde üst üste dört kez şampiyonluk yaşayan ilk teknik adam.
Galatasaray'ın müzesindeki kupalardan 16'sında onun imzası var.
2008 Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası'ndan sonra üç büyük turnuvayı da kaçıran Türkiye'nin 2016 Avrupa Şampiyonası hedefinde yine o başrol oynuyor. Ancak Kırmızı Beyazlılar, grupta oynadığı ilk iki maçta İzlanda ve Çek Cumhuriyeti'ne mağlup oldu. Grubun en zayıf takımlarından Letonya ile de deplasmanda berabere kalarak iki puan daha kaybetti. Avrupa Şampiyonası'na gitme şansını zora sokan Türkiye, grubun favorisi Hollanda ile deplasmanda oynadığı maçta galibiyeti uzatma dakikalarında kaçırdı. Sergilediği futbolla geleceğe dair umut verdi.
Türk Milli Takımı'nın başında üçüncü dönemini geçiren Fatih Terim 1953'te Adana'da doğdu. Henüz dört yaşındayken sağ bacağını yanlış bir iğne sonucu kaybeden Kıbrıs göçmeni babası Talat Terim, ona seyyar satıcılık yaparak baktı.
Endüstri Meslek Lisesi Motor Bölümü'nü tamamlayamadı. Futbol ve eğitim bir arada yürümüyordu. 16 yaşındayken tercihini futboldan ve Adana Demirspor'dan yana kullandı. Liderlik özellikleri o dönemde ortaya çıkan Fatih Terim üç yıl sonra kaptanlığa yükseldi. Futbola libero olarak veda eden Terim, kariyerine forvet olarak başlamıştı.
1972'de Gündüz Tekin Onay tarafından milli takıma davet edildi, Romanya maçının ardından 1974-75 sezonunda Galatasaray'a transfer oldu. Tam 11 yıl sarı kırmızılı formayı giydi. 327 maçta 16 gol attı. Fakat Galatasaray'da futbolcu olarak hiç şampiyonluk yaşayamadı.
Milli takımda 51 kez görev yapan Terim, jübilesini Fenerbahçe Stadı'nda gerçekleştirdi. Yeşil sahaya helikopterle indiği, birçok sanatçının konser verdiği jübile maçında Galatasaray Trabzonspor'u 1-0 yendi.
Fatih Terim, Türk spor tarihine benzersiz başarılar kazandırdığı teknik direktörlük kariyerine, futboluculuğu nokta koyduktan üç yıl sonra Ankaragücü'nde başladı. Daha sonra kısa bir süre Göztepe'de kaldı.
1990 yılı kariyerinde önemli bir yer teşkil etti. Türkiye 21 Yaş Altı Milli Takımı'nı çalıştırmaya başladı. Aynı zamanda A Milli Takım'da Sepp Piontek'in yardımcısıydı.
O dönemin 21 Yaş Altı Takımı'nda bulunan futbolcuların önemli bir kısmı gelecek yıllardaki başarıların çekirdek kadrosunu oluşturuyordu. 1993 Akdeniz Oyunları'nda şampiyon olan kadroda Bülent Korkmaz, Arif Erdem, Tugay Kerimoğlu, Hakan Şükür, Rüştü Reçber, Abdullah Ercan, Alpay Özalan ve Sergen Yalçın gibi isimler vardı.
Bu ekibin yarı finalde yendiği ev sahibi Fransa'da ise Zinedine Zidane, Christoph Dugarry, Lilian Thuram ve Laurent Blanc mücadele ediyordu. Terim yönetimindeki milli takım turnuvayı şampiyon olarak tamamladı.
Liderlik özellikleri ve motivasyon
Fatih Terim, oyunu okuması, taktik-teknik bilgisinin yanı sıra özellikle motivasyon konuşmaları, disiplinli yapısı ve futbolcunun dilinden anlamasıyla tanınıyor. UEFA Kupası'nı kazandığı Arsenal finali öncesi yaptığı konuşma tüm bu özellikleri barındıyordu.
Futbol hayatının neredeyse tamamını Fatih Terim ile geçiren Arif Erdem onu şöyle anlatıyor:
"Disiplini seven, işin en iyisini yapılmasını isteyen, kaybetmeye tahammülü olmayan bir insan. Eğer kaytaran bir insan olduğunu görse büyük tepki gösterirdi. Biz de bunu bildiğimiz için çok çalışırdık."
Türk Milli Takımı'nın başına 1993 yılında geçen Fatih Terim, Türkiye'yi tarihinde ilk kez Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası'na taşıdı. Milli takım Euro 1996'ya gol atamadan veda etti.
Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası'nın ardından Galatasaray'ın başına geçti. Sarı kırmızılı ekipte dört yıl süren ilk döneminde kulübe tarihinin en başarılı dönemini yaşattı.
Terim yönetimindeki Galatasaray dört sezonda 12 kupa kazandı. Dört yıl üst üste şampiyon oldu. iki Türkiye Kupası, iki Cumhurbaşkanlığı, üç TSYD Kupası kazandı.
Ama en önemlisi UEFA Kupası'ydı. Terim'in takımı 2000 yılında Kopenhag'daki finalde Arsenal'i penaltılarla yenerek UEFA Kupası'nı kaldırdı. Bir Türk kulübü ilk kez bir Avrupa kupası kazanırken Terim de kariyerinin zirvesine çıktı, 'İmparator' lakabını aldı.
İtalya macerası
Fatih Terim Avrupa'dan gelen teklifler arasında Fiorentina'yı tercih etti. 'Mor Menekşeler' onun döneminde İtalya Kupası'nda finale yükseldi. Defansif bir İtalyan takımını cesur ve atak bir oyun yapısına kavuşturan Terim, başkan Cecchi Gori ile anlaşamayıp takımdan ayrıldı. Yeni adresi dünyanın en büyük kulüplerinden Milan oldu.
Fakat Terim'in Milano temsilcisindeki görev süresi oldukça kısa sürdü. İtalya Kupası'nda ilk turda elendi, ligde kötü sonu
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龄球员所受到的重视水平远超99-00、95-96、91-92、87-88等非奥运岁数段（也称为“三不靠岁数段”）。但实际上，四年一届的奥运会所涵盖的是四个差别岁数的所有适龄球员。以是，这一次，中国足协在国字号队伍建设方面就将迈出根本性转变的一步，即除了让成耀东继续担任01岁数段U19国青队主教练之外，待下半年疫情不再影响之时，中国足协将组建03岁数段U17国青队、为下一届亚青赛举行准备，届时不出意外的话，成耀东将兼任03岁数段国青队主教练，这其中，2004年出生的小球员固然也是03岁数段国青队中重点关注的球员。
换而言之，成耀东将作为2001、2002、2003、2004年这四个相符加入巴黎奥运会适龄岁数球员的总教练，率队准备巴黎奥运会，形成一个“巴黎奥运模块”。与此类似，中国足协再往下组建2005至2008这四个年份各自的国少选拔队，形成“洛杉矶奥运模块”。
这种模式最大利益，就是将整个人才的基数扩大。若是仅仅只是以2001-2002岁数段这个已往传统认知中的“重点岁数段”选拔，显然会泛起显著短板；但若是再进一步扩大至2003-2004岁数段中，或许就能够获得有用增强。这就好比今年1月份在泰国举行的U23亚锦赛中，97岁数段队伍中缺乏优异的中后卫，但2000年出生的朱辰杰的涌现，显然是有用弥补了短板。
这实在也才是西欧足坛包罗近邻日本足坛所说的“一统三军”的观点，即每个岁数段队伍睁开集训时，将更低岁数段中突出者、优异者召入队内加入训练，而当这些球员再回到同岁数队伍中时，便可以成为领军者。而海内已往很长一段时间以来，对“一统三军”的观点片面地明白为一名主帅担任多支国字号队伍的主教练。
明白了这一点，实在我们也就很容易明白这次在上海组织的U19国青队35人集训名单中为什么会泛起四名2003年出生的球员了，由于这四名03岁数段球员恰恰就是现在01岁数段中所缺的中前场有进攻特点的球员。
从另一个角度来说，我们把一届奥运适龄球员分为两个岁数组即“大组(即海内通常所说的适龄岁数段)”和“小组(即海内通常所说的三不靠岁数段)”，纵观最近五届奥运会男足赛，我们可以发现这样一个事实即我们海内所说的“三不靠”非奥运岁数段球员最终加入奥运会的人数不少，已往五届奥运会中，所占的平均比率跨越25％。在奥运男足每队18名参赛球员中，平均为4到5名球员。这四、五名球员不是无缘无故地突然“冒”出来的，而是各个国家和地区在准备奥运过程中认真磨炼并最终打磨出来的，更不是奥运之前暂且突击出来的，而应该是较早时间里有意识地重视培育的效果。
通过对奥运会参赛队伍职员组成结构的剖析，我们可以看到这一次中国足协在国家队建设方面实在是打破了海内固有的奥运备战思绪与方式、方式。固然，最终的效果若何？生怕很大水平上取决于中国足协事实能够坚持多久。,
Sunbet www.aLizhiye.com自1992年和阿里纸业合作以来,在资金实力、技术体系、贴心服务实现了质的飞跃。阿里纸业作为Sunbet亚洲独家代理,为官网下所有会员开户、代理提供买分卖分等业务。به گزارش «شيعه نيوز»، پس از بحران به وجود آمده در روابط عربستان و قطر، وزارت امور خارجه عربستان در صفحۀ توییتر خود ادعا کرد: عربستان سعودی پایبند به ارائه همه امکانات و خدمات به حجاج قطری است.
این در حالیست که آل سعود از ورود اتباع قطری به عربستان جلوگیری می کند و به اتباع قطری مقیم این کشور 14 روز مهلت داده است که به کشورشان برگردند و هنوز معلوم نیست که منظور سعودی ها از ارائه خدمات و امکانات ویژه به حجاج قطری چیست؟!
روسیا الیوم روز سه شنبه گزارش داد، بسیاری از کاربران توییتر ادعای وزارت امور خارجه عربستان را مبهم دانستند و اعلام کردند که چگونه سعودی ها به حجاج قطری خدمت رسانی می کنند در حالی که گروهی از حجاج قطری در فرودگاه جده سرگردان هستند زیرا آل سعود از بازگشت آنها به دوحه پایتخت قطر جلوگیری می کند!
تصاویر منتشر شده در شبکه های اجتماعی نشان می دهد که تعدادی از حجاج قطری در فرودگاه بین المللی ملک عبدالعزیز سرگردان هستند و در کنار آنها سفیر قطر دیده می شود.
کاربران شبکه های اجتماعی اعلام می کنند که سفارت قطر در ریاض به حجاج قطری وعده داده است که دولت مبتوعش برای انتقال آنها به کشورشان هواپیماهای ویژه به عربستان خواهد فرستاد.Birleşik Krallık merkezli Internet Watch Foundation'ın bu hafta belirttiğine göre, yasal olmayan çocuk istismarı görüntülerini "gizlice" içeren ve geri kalan her alanda yasal gözüken yetişkin porno sitelerinin sayısında ciddi bir artış söz konusu.
IWF, 2015 yılında tarayıcı ile ulaşıldığında sadece yasal içerikleri gösteren ancak bir bağlantılar labirenti arkasında "çocuk cinsel istismarı içeriğine gizli bir yol" bulunduran 743 internet sitesi bulduğunu açıkladı. Bu da 18 ay öncesine göre sayının iki katının üstüne çıktığını göstermekte. Bu sitelerin yaklaşık olarak yüzde 21'i de yasal olmayan bu içerikler üzerinden kar elde edecek şekilde kurulmuş.
Bu rahatsız edici durumun herkes için bir uyanma çağrısı olması gerekiyor. Ayrıca, sadece yasal içeriğe ulaşmaya çalışan kişilerin bile potansiyel olarak kendilerini, yasal olmayan içerik bulunduran sitelere yönelen şüpheli bir cookie izinde bulmaları mümkün.
IWF yöneticisi Fred Langford'un The Guardian'a belirttiği üzere bu durumun önemi oldukça büyük: "Bazı kişiler yasal yetişkin içeriğe gittiklerini düşünebilirler ancak ne yazık ki yolda aldıkları cookie'ler, kendilerine çocuk cinsel istismarı içeriklerinin sunulduğu anlamına gelmekte. Burada büyük bir risk bulunuyor."
Takip grupları, kanun güçleri ve teknoloji firmaları internetten çocuk pornosu içeriklerini kaldırma çabalarını arttırırken, acı bir gerçek de ortaya çıkıyor: Problem, her zaman ilk düşünülenden daha büyüktür. Birleşik Krallık başbakanı David Cameron'un IWF'ye yasal olmayan görüntüleri arama izni vermesinden beri geçen iki yılda, kaldırılan resim ve videonun sayısı dört katı üstüne çıkmış durumda. IWF'nin, sadece 2015 yılında 68.092 adet yasal olmayan çocuk cinsel istismarı görüntüsü bulduğu biliniyor...Click on the logo go to our home page to see all of our products designed to remove chlorine (and more) from your drinking water!
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Health Effects of Chlorine in Drinking Water
(quotes from various sources)
The U.S. General Accounting Office reports that there are serious deficiencies in water treatment plants in 75% of the states. More than 120 million people (about 50% of the population) may get unsafe water according to a study conducted by the Natural Resources Defense Council.
U.S. Health Officials estimate 900,000 people each year become ill - and possibly 900 die - from waterborne disease. The General Accounting Office estimates 66% of Safe Drinking Water Act violations arenít reported.
The contamination of water is directly related to the degree of contamination of our environment. Rainwater flushes airborne pollution from the skies, and then washes over the land before running into the, rivers, aquifers, and lakes that supply our drinking water. Any and all chemicals generated by human activity can and will find their way into water supplies.
The chemical element chlorine is a corrosive, poisonous, greenish-yellow gas that has a suffocating odor and is 2 1/2 times heavier than air. Chlorine belongs to the group of elements called halogens. The halogens combine with metals to form compounds called halides. Chlorine is manufactured commercially by running an electric current through salt water. This process produces free chlorine, hydrogen, and sodium hydroxide. Chlorine is changed to its liquid form by compressing the gas, the resulting liquid is then shipped. Liquid chlorine is mixed into drinking water and swimming pools to destroy bacteria
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In its early developmental stages, Hattie struck San Andrés Island, located offshore eastern Nicaragua, with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and gusts of 104 mph (167 km/h). As the hurricane neared the island, the airport was closed due to tropical-storm-force winds. Rough seas and winds damaged private property and two hotels. Many palm tree plantations were devastated. The schooner Admirar, anchored in one of the island's bays, capsized during the storm. Overall, Hattie resulted in one death, fifteen injuries, and $300,000 in damage (1961 USD) in San Andrés. The hurricane was the fourth on record to strike the island, and of the four was the only to approach from the south.
In the northwestern Caribbean, Hattie passed close to Grand Cayman with heavy rainfall. At least 11.5 inches (292 mm) of rain were reported on the island, including 7.8 inches (198 mm) in six hours. Winds on Grand Cayman were below hurricane force, and only minor damage occurred due to the rain.
The interaction between Hattie and the ridge of high pressure to its north produced sustained winds of 20 mph (35 km/h) across most of Florida, with a gust of 72 mph (116 km/h) reported at Hillsboro Inlet Light; the winds caused some beach erosion in the state. The U.S. Weather Bureau issued a small craft warning for the west and east Florida coastlines, as well as northward to Brunswick, Georgia.
Later, Hattie impacted various countries in Central America with flash floods, causing 11 deaths in Guatemala and one fatality in Honduras. The Swan Islands reported wind gusts just below hurricane force, resulting in minor damage and one injury.
Hurricane Hattie moved ashore in British Honduras with a storm tide of up to 14 feet (4.3 m) near Belize City, a city of 31,000 people located at sea-level; its only defenses against the storm tide were a small seawall and a strip of swamp lands. The capital experienced high waves and a 10 ft (3 m) storm tide along its waterfront that reached the third story of some buildings. A trained observer estimated winds of over 150 mph (240 km/h), and winds in the territory were unofficially estimated as strong as 200 mph (325 km/h). When Hattie affected the area, most buildings in Belize City were wooden, and most of this type were destroyed. Offshore, the hurricane heavily damaged 80% of the Belize Barrier Reef, although the reef recovered after the storm.
High winds caused a power outage, downed trees across the region, and destroyed the roofs of many buildings. Governor Colin Thornley estimated that over 70% of the buildings in the territory were damaged, and more than 10,000 people were left homeless. Some shelters set up before the storm were destroyed in the hurricane. The hurricane destroyed the wall at an insane asylum, which allowed the residents to escape. High waves damaged a prison, prompting officials to institute a "daily parole" program for the inmates. Hattie also flooded the Government House, washing away all records. All of Belize City was coated in a layer of mud and debris, and majority of the city was destroyed or severely damaged, as was nearby Stann Creek. The hurricane left significant crop damage across the region, including $2 million in citrus fruits and similar losses to timber, cocoa, and bananas. The year's production of sugar cane was also heavily damaged. About 70% of the territory's mahogany trees were downed, as were most citrus and grapefruit trees. The hurricane damaged several factories and oil rigs in the region. Damage throughout the territory totaled $60 million (1961 USD), and a total of 307 deaths were reported; more than 100 of the fatalities were in Belize City, including 36 who evacuated to a British administration building that was later destroyed in the storm. The government of British Honduras considered Hurricane Hattie more damaging than a hurricane in 1931 that killed 2,000 people; the lower death toll of Hattie was due to advance warning.
After Hattie struck, officials in Belize City declared martial law. A manager of United Press International described Belize City as "nothing but a huge pile of matchsticks," and many roads were either flooded for days or covered with mud. Doctors provided typhoid vaccinations to 12,000 residents in two days to prevent the spread of the disease. Due to the high death toll, officials ordered mass cremations to stop additional disease from spreading. At the city's police station, workers provided fresh water and rice to storm victims. Many residents throughout British Honduras donated supplies to the storm victims, such that an airlines manager described it as "taxing... manpower and facilities." One airline allowed donations to be flown to Belize City at no cost. The city's three newspapers were unable to operate due to lack of power after the storm. By November 5, Belize City's post office reopened on a limited basis, and all business initially remained closed. About 4,000 homeless residents from Stann Creek were moved by boat to the northern portion of the territory. Many homeless people from the Belize City area set up a tent city on bushland about 16 mi (26 km) inland, which was initially intended to be temporary. In December 1961, barracks were erected near a Red Cross Hospital to house the homeless in the camp. The site was named Hattieville and became a proper city, with utilities installed in the subsequent decade.
About 200 British soldiers arrived from Jamaica to quell looting and maintain order. At least 20 people were arrested in the day after Hattie struck. The British government sent flights of aid to the territory containing food, clothing, and medical supplies. The House of Commons quickly passed a bill to provide £10,000 in aid. The Save the Children fund sent £1,000 to British Honduras, and the Mexican government sent three flights with food and medicine to the territory. Two American destroyers arrived in the country by November 2, reporting the need for assistance. The USS Antietam remained at port for weeks after the storm with six medical officers and six Marine helicopters. Four other ships sailed to the territory to provide 458,000 lb (208,000 kg) of food. The United States government allocated about $300,000 in assistance through the International Development Association. The Canadian government provided C$75,000 worth of aid, including food, blankets, and medical supplies.
By Hattie's one year anniversary, private and public workers repaired and rebuilt buildings affected by the storm. New hotels were constructed, and many stores were reopened. Prime Minister George Cadle Price successfully appealed for assistance from the British government, which ultimately provided £20 million in loans. In the days after the storm, the government announced plans to relocate the capital of British Honduras farther inland on higher ground. Work on the new capital, Belmopan, was completed in 1970. On the 44th anniversary of the hurricane in 2005, the government of Belize unveiled a monument in Belize City to recognize the victims of the hurricane.
- List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
- List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
- List of wettest tropical cyclones in the Cayman Islands
- "Belize country profile". BBC Country Profiles. BBC News. 2012-08-02. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
- Hurricane Hattie: October 27–31, 1961 (PDF) (Preliminary Report). United States Weather Bureau. 1962-01-04. pp. 1–10. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
- Dunn, Gordon E. (1962-03-01). "The Hurricane Season of 1961" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 90 (3): 107–119. Bibcode:1962MWRv...90..107D. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1962)090<0107:THSO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
- Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT) (Database). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. 2013. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- Guiney, John L.; Lawrence, Miles B. (1999-01-28). Hurricane Mitch: 22 October–05 November 1998 (Preliminary Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
- Caparotta, Stephen; Walston, D.; Young, Steven; Padgett, Gary; Delgado, Sandy (2011-05-31). "E15: What tropical storms and hurricanes have moved from the Atlantic to the Northeast Pacific or Vice Versa?". In Landsea, Chris; Dorst, Neal. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). 4.5. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved 2011-11-23.
- "'Cane Hattie Threatens Western Cuba, Florida". The Palm Beach Post. 53 (223). Miami, Florida. Associated Press. 1961-10-30. p. 1. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
- Ediger, Theodore A. (1961-11-05). "Battered School Shelters 200 Refugees in Belize". The Evening Independent. 3 (29). Belize City, British Honduras. Associated Press. p. 3A. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
- "Hattie's Toll is 62: Martial Law Declared". St. Petersburg Times. 78. Belize City, British Honduras. United Press International. 1961-11-02. pp. 1A, 2A. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
- "Analasis de vulnerabilidad". Plan de Emergencia Para La Atención de Huracanes (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). Comité Regional de Prevención y Atención de Desastres. 2008. p. . Retrieved 2013-05-11.
- "Full-Fledged Hattie Kicking Up a Fuss". The Miami News. 1961-10-28. p. 1A. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
- "Disaster Feared in Honduras". Reading Eagle (277). Miami, Florida. Associated Press. 1961-10-31. p. 1. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
- Spalding, Mark D.; Ravilious, Corinna; Green, Edward Peter (2001). World Atlas of Coral Reefs. University of California Press. p. 119. ISBN 0520232550. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
- Winfrey, Lee (1961-11-02). "Belize All But Wiped Out by Hurricane Hattie". The Bonham Daily Favorite. 69 (63). Belize City, British Honduras. United Press International. p. 5. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
- Rosenbury, Morris W. (1961-11-01). "Hurricane Toll Runs High". Gadsden Times. 95 (98). Washington, D.C. Associated Press. p. 1. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
- "Hattie Dealt Industry Deadly Blow". The Palm Beach Post. 28 (43). Belize, British Honduras. Associated Press. 1961-11-05. p. 8. Retrieved 2013-01-09.
- NEMO Press Officer (2006-11-02). "Belize Marked 45th Anniversary of Deadly Hurricane Hattie" (Press release). Belize National Emergency Management Organization (NEMO). Archived from the original on 2012-12-03. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- "Belize Toll Rises to 204". The Palm Beach Post. 28 (43). Belize, British Honduras. Associated Press. 1961-11-05. p. 8. Retrieved 2013-01-09.
- "Belize Toll Reaches 225". The Calgary Herald. Calgary, Alberta. Canadian Press. 1961-11-06. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
- "Mass Cremations for Belize Victims". The Windsor Star. 87 (55). Belize City, British Honduras. 1961-11-06. p. 21. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
- Pridgeon, Elizabeth (2009-11-13). "Hattieville". The Belize Times. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
- "Hurricane Deaths May Total 1000". The Glascow Herald. 179 (242). 1961-11-04. p. 7. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
- "U.S. Navy Ships Leave Storm-Hit Honduras Area". The Florence Times. 102 (221). Norfolk, Virginia. Associated Press. 1961-11-06. p. 8. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
- "Canada to Aid Honduras with $75,000 Supplies". The Calgary Herald. Ottawa, Quebec. Canadian Press. 1961-11-08. p. 61. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
- "Marks of Storm are Rare Today". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. 34 (308). Belize, British Honduras. Associated Press. 1962-11-04. p. 3F. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
- "Hurricane 'Edith' Deepens Rapidly". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. 46 (342). Associated Press. 1971-09-07. pp. 1A, 4A. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
- NEMO Press Officer (2005-10-31). "Monument to Remember 1961 Hurricane Hattie Unveiled" (Press release). Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
- Padgett, Gary; Beven, Jack; Free, James L.; Delgado, Sandy (2011-05-31). "B3: What storm names have been retired?". In Landsea, Chris; Dorst, Neal. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). 4.5. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved 2013-05-12.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Hattie.|Sponsored By ScoutmasterCG.com Backers
What, exactly, is the Patrol Method?
Why did our founder emphasize the importance of the patrol method over all else in Scouting? In this week’s podcast I’ll begin a series of four installments that establishes the patrol method as the character school for our Scouts and relate a story about how things can go wrong if you don’t understand patrol method principles.
The patrol system is not one method in which Scouting for boys can be carried on. It is the only method.
It is not the slightest use to preach the Scout Law or to give it out as orders to a crowd of boys: each mind requires its special exposition of them and the ambition to carry them out.
– Baden Powell
Two things drive character development in Scouting; the example of role models and interaction with peers.
Being told how they ought to act or having good conduct modeled for them is only the first step. The real work happens when Scouts develop mutual respect for each other and foster coöperation within a group of equals. This coöperation is where the really radical idea of Scouting, self-government through the patrol method, takes place.
Here’s the link I mentioned to purchase multiple copies of my books at a discount for your fellow Scouters.
|Listen to Scoutmaster Podcast 235|
|Get The SCOUTMASTERCG APP|Examine values of a variable over equally spaced intervals of time income figures monthly or yearly). Use times series analyses to discern patterns in the revenues and expenditures. Look for outliers and sudden shifts in data patterns and unusual observations or shifts. Analyze fiscal data over time is via Time Series Analysis. Time series analysis enables public administrators and policy analysts to examine values of a variable over equally spaced intervals of time (e.g., income figures monthly or yearly). Using times series analyses, administrators and analysts can discern patterns in the values that enable them to forecast future values based on historical and existing patterns. A time series plot allows an analyst to look for (1) outliers and sudden shifts in data patterns, (2) unusual observations or shifts, and (3) long-term increase or decrease in the data values. A trend plot also will show whether the data pattern is linear or nonlinear, as the time series plot.
The “non-mailability” clause of the Espionage Act was also invoked to silence free speech by individuals who used the mails to express their views about the war but the law disproportionately targeted socialists. The most notorious example was the arrest of Charles T. Schenk, the secretary
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چاپی و الکترونیکی بهنویسی راهنمای درست نویسی و ویرایش متن اثر دکتر مهدی ملک ثابت انتشارات کتاب ایران.
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در بخش دوم از دوره چهار قسمتی آموزش Word 2013 با ویرایش متن و غلط گیری آشنا می شوید. قسمت اول این دوره را می توانید در این صفحه دانلود نمایید.
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متن ویرایش شده و نشده فارسینو
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отрите статьи по теме È GIUSTO CHIEDERE ALLA TUA RAGAZZA DI PERDERE PESO:这是中班归纳蠕动跑得快、跑得慢的动物教案，是拔尖的中班主题教案文章，供教师家长们参考借鉴。
蠕动指标：
1.知道各种动物的举措速度。
2.活跃参加谈话蠕动。
3．发生对动物运动的兴趣，并模拟动物运动的速度。
蠕动预备：
1.搜集各种动物的图像、头饰、字卡，音乐带。
2.请家长与幼儿一同观看电视中相关动物速度先容的栏目，丰富教训。
蠕动步骤：
一．到底谁快谁慢。
1．丛林里有一只羊羔在喝水。这时来了一只山君，它先偷偷地挨近羊羔，而后猛然冲向羊羔，羊羔吓得奔跑起来，山君能抓住羊羔吗？
2．有的动物奔跑的速度很快，有的则慢一些。你还了解哪些动物跑得快？哪些动物跑得慢吗？（老师基于幼儿说出的动物名称，用多媒体进行疏导或出示各种动物的图像）
3．你能析出你带来的图像中哪只动物跑得快，哪只动物跑得慢吗？（幼儿个人先看图说一说，再和伙伴换取探讨）
二．进一步知道动物的举措速度。
1．会集探讨、判断那些动物举措很快，那些动物举措较快，那些动物举措较慢，进一步感知快慢的相对性。
2．动物啥时分跑得快，啥时分跑得慢？
放音乐，启示幼儿两两结伴，表演一对跑动速度差别的动物，如山君和牛，狮子和斑马。在基于人物尚需节制速度的步骤中，进一步理解快和慢的意义。
《中班主题：我是绝无仅有的》：中班主题蠕动我是绝无仅有的教案主要包括了规划目的，蠕动指标，蠕动预备，蠕动步骤等内容，对比和发现个人与小同伴的差别,了解个人是绝无仅有的。乐意个人动头脑,和他人有差别的念头。合适幼儿园教师们上中班主题蠕动课，快来看看幼儿园中班主题我是绝无仅有的教案吧。
《中班主题蠕动教案：虫虫虫虫爬教案(附教育反思)》：中班主题蠕动虫虫虫虫爬教案(附教育反思)主要包括了蠕动布景，蠕动指标，蠕动预备，蠕动步骤，蠕动反思等内容，经过游戏和扮演的模式，感知图像的内容，体会儿歌的韵律和节奏，感觉图像分格线的格局，以此猜想儿歌的内容并借鉴仿编儿歌，合适幼儿园教师们上中班主题蠕动课，快来看看虫虫虫虫爬教案吧。
《中班主题蠕动教案：各式各样的交通东西教案(附教育反思)》：中班主题蠕动各式各样的交通东西教案(附教育反思)主要包括了蠕动规划布景，蠕动指标，教育要点、难点，蠕动预备，蠕动步骤，教育反思等内容，洞悉知道火车，能用个人的语言形容乘坐各种交通东西的经历等，学会乘坐交通工
具时维护个人的办法，合适幼儿园教师们上中班主题蠕动课，快来看看各式各样的交通东西教案吧。Kuiper said that he needed a “Great American Pencil” to write his Great American Novel, so I tracked down this one for him in Centralia, Washington. Swipe to view it in its entirety. Here are a few pencil facts for today:
John Steinbeck was REALLY into pencils, and very particular about their length and sharpness. Before sitting down to write, he would sharpen 24 pencils, stick them points up in a box, and then use them one by one and stick them point down into another box.
Henry David Thoreau’s family owned a pencil manufacturing business. Before heading off to Walden, Henry performed a bunch of experiments to engineer a better pencil. Among other improvements, he built a device to ensure the graphite was ground more evenly, and mixed the graphite with clay to get a much more consistent product. The family business really took off after that, and his pencils even won multiple awards.
The first patent for a pencil with a built-in eraser was granted on March 30, 1858 to H. Lipman of Philadelphia, PA. He managed to sell it for $100,000 (nearly 3 million in today’s money!) Unfortunately, the US Supreme Court invalidated the patent in 1875 (Reckendorfer v. Faber.) They ruled that since pencils were already a thing, and erasers were already a thing, that sticking a pencil and an eraser together did not constitute a new, patentable idea.
The oft-repeated story about NASA spending millions of dollars to develop a pen that could write in space (while the Soviets used pencils) is not true. Regardless of nationality, (flammable!) pencil shavings and graphite dust floating around in spacecraft are just not a good idea. The Fisher Space Pen was independently developed and funded by American inventor Paul C. Fisher, who succeeded in marketing the heck out of them. They’ve been used on both Russian and American space missions since Apollo. The pens are still available for sale today with prices ranging from $5 – $700 ?
Original post: https://www.instagram.com/p/BiyTV2Pg4Hj/Merkezde kalmış ve rok yapmamış bir şah stratejik bir zaaftır. Şahı saldırılara açık bıraktığı gibi diğer taşların koordinasyonunu bozarak konumsal bir felakete dönüşebilir. Rakibin bu durumunu avantaja çevirmek ise çok önemlidir.
Her iki tarafın da geliştirilmiş birer taşı bulunuyor. Diğer taraftan beyaz rok yapmış ama siyah şah hala merkezde. Siyah bu durumu nasıl değerlendirebilir? Öncelikle henüz geliştirilmemiş bir taşı tehdit yaratacak bir kareye oynamayı düşünün.
- Ac3 : Beyaz atını aktif ve merkezi bir konuma oynuyor. Bu hamle güçlü bir hamle çünkü Ad5 ile vezire saldırma tehdidinde bulunuyor. 1…c6: siyah beyazın Ad5 hamlesini engellemek zorunda. Malesef bu hamle gelişimini daha da geciktirirken yeni bir zaaf oluşturuyor. (Vxe5 hamlesinin beyazın Ke1 hamlesinden sonra veziri kaybettiğine dikkat edin.)
- Ae4: Beyaz at d6 karesindeki ileri karakola doğru ilerliyor. Bu siyah için özellikle tehlikeli çünkü siyah şah hala merkezde ve Fg5 hamlesi hazırlanıyor. 2..b5: Siyahın yapabileceği hamle yok gibi. (2…Ah6 oynasa 3.Fxh6 gxh6 dan sonra Vh5+ ile siyah materyal kaybediyor. 2…Vxe5 zaten 3.Ke1 ile veziri kaybettiriyor.)
- Ad6+: Çok güçlü bir hamle, siyah ne yaparsa yapsın materyal kaybedecek. 3…Şd8 (3…Şf8 4.Vf3+ ten sonra materyal kaybettiriyor. 3…Fxd6 ise exd6 ve 4.Ke1 den sonra kaybediyor.)
- Fg5: Harika bir hamle. Açmaz Af6 hamlesi ile destekleniyor. 4…Vxg5: Siyahın başka çaresi yok.
- Af6+: Bu çatal veziri ve kısa zamanda da oyunu kazandırıyor.
Gördüğünüz gibi merkezdeki şah büyük bir zaaftır ve bu zaaftan faydalanabilmek için enerjik bir şekilde oynamalısınız.Two key animal studies are named by the AQA specification: Lorenz’s research with goslings and Harlow’s study of infant rhesus monkeys. Here’s a lesson plan for the topic.
Introducing the topic
Enter the phrase, ‘unusual animal friends’ into a search engine to find lots of examples of unlikely animal attachments. Either show the class a short video or series of images of these ‘friendships’ such as the dog who paddles with ducks or chick that cuddles with a cat. (NB – this could be a fun homework prior to the lesson to find the ‘cutest animal pair’).
Ask students why this could happen. What is the importance of forming these bonds?
You may find students’ initial answers are anthropomorphic, so challenge them to move beyond emotions and consider the evolutionary advantage of being predisposed to form attachments.
Split the class in half and assign one group Lorenz and the other Harlow. Students read about, and maybe watch a video clip of, the study they have been allocated. On a sheet of paper divided into three sections, students record the following:
- Their emotional response (How did they feel about the research?)
Students may find the thought of having little goslings following humans around funny. They may feel it was harmful. Studying Harlow’s research may elicit stronger emotions, especially if viewing footage of the frightened infants.
- Their psychological response (What did they learn? How could they explain the findings?)
Students can make reference to adaptive behaviour, innate tendencies and, if reading ahead, make links to Bowlby’s theory.
- Their critical response (Strengths/limitations of the procedure? Supporting/refuting research?)
The question of whether research using non-human animals can be applied to humans can be considered. Discussions of species specific behaviours (curlews don’t show human imprinting). Methodological and ethical issues in Harlow’s work.
Students then form pairs (one student for each study) and share their AO1 points (procedure and findings) and AO3 comments (evaluative responses) as they answer the following potential exam questions together: ‘Describe and evaluate animal studies of attachment’ (12 marks if following AS route, 16 marks for A-level).
These essays can be marked by the teacher and photocopied so each member of the pair has a copy.|黑暗亲王|
|原名||Princes of Darkness|
|常用名||黑暗亲王|
|类型||MOD|
|平台||PC|
|模式||单人/多人|
|发行时间||2020年9月1日|
|相关作品||《十字军之王3》、《黑暗世界》|
黑暗亲王（Princes of Darkness）是一款基于《十字军之王3》（Crusader Kings III）的MOD。
该MOD为P社旗下白狼公司的《黑暗世界》（World of Darkness）跑团规则的延伸MOD。
该MOD是基于《十字军之王2》（Crusader Kings II）的同名MOD的继承版，由同一个团队开发。
《黑暗亲王》是对基础游戏的彻底改造，旨在将《黑暗世界》带入《十字军之王3》中。因此，它改变了许多玩法概念，并使用原作世界观的广泛内容来提供一种不同的体验。
首先要注意的是，作为一个吸血鬼，你是永生的……某种程度上。你不会死于年老或疾病，但被处以火形或斩首仍然会结束你的亡生。因此，继承是一个较小的，但仍然需要一点关注的地方。同样的道理，婚姻不能使你生儿育女，所以婚姻大多是少数宗教可用的政治工具。
宗教是玩法的核心部分，甚至比在CK3本
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Castro.
The altar’s front is covered in Hispano-Moorish tiles.
Monuments of Vila Franca do Campo
One of the oldest temples, it houses the oldest church bell in the island. Its three halls and gilded woodwork are admirable.
Franciscan building of educational importance. Its chapel is dedicated to Nossa Senhora do Rosário.
Located at the top of the hill of Nossa Senhora da Paz. Climbing its great stairway leads to an excellent sightseeing spot, overlooking Vila Franca do Campo and its isle.
Museum with several objects of investigation and ethnographic heritage of São Miguel. It has several hubs, organized as pottery, electricity and naval.
Monuments of Nordeste
Suffered several alterations in the 18th century and has a very interesting front.
Has an important collection of local ethnographic items on display, such as agricultural tools and utensils used in the old pig slaughters.
The priolo is an endemic bird of São Miguel, that has been considered extinct at times. This center organizes walks through the areas where this bird thrives.
Monuments of Povoação
Placed on the southern shore of the lagoon of Furnas, it was built by José do Canto as a burial place for him and his wife. It is a rare example of neogothic construction in Portugal.
Inaugurated in 2005, this monument marks the place where the first settlers of the island landed.
Placed in the old square, it is one of the oldest churches of São Miguel.
The gastronomy of São Miguel is diverse and rich in flavors. The blue jack mackerel with vilão sauce, the octopus stew or roasted octopus, the greaves, the bloodsausage with pineapple, the fish stews, the limpet rice, the regional steak, the iconic cozido das Furnas, cooked by the heat of the earth itself, are some dishes you must try. Regarding seafood, the limpets with Afonso sauce, the lobsters, the slipper lobsters and the crabs are some of the most popular dishes.
The confectionery of São Miguel includes the famous queijadas da Vila Franca do Campo, the sweet rice, the bolos lêvedos from Furnas, the malassadas and the massa sovada. When it comes to fruit, try the wonderful pineapple of the Azores. The climate of the island confers a unique taste. Also try the several pineapple based products, such as pineapple pastries, cakes and jams. Try also the local passionfruit, the blackberry, custard apple, orange and banana.
To accompany your meals, try the locally produced vinho de cheiro and the several liquors – blackberry, tangerine, passionfruit and pineapple. Try also the tea of the Azores, perfect for regional confectionery. It is the only tea produced in Europe.
São Miguel has several bathing areas with clear waters that invite you for a swim. In the municipality of Ponta Delgada, you can find the swimming pools complex of São Pedro, the natural pools of Portas do Mar, the pools of São Vicente Ferreira, the Pópulo beach, the Milícias beach, the thermal baths of Ponta da Ferraria. In the municipality of Ribeira Grande, there is the beach of Santa Bárbara, which hosts the Surf world championship, the Moinhos beach, the municipal pools complex of Ribeira Grande, also known as Poças, and the beach of Monte Verde. In Vila Franca do Campo, you may bathe in the beach of Vinha, Água de Alto beach, and, only during the Summer, in the isle of Vila Franca do Campo. In Nordeste you will find the bathing area of Foz da Ribeira and the beach of Lombo Gordo. In the municipality of Lagoa, we recommend the bathing area of Caloura and the natural pools of Lagoa. In Povoação, go for a swim at the beach of Fogo and at the port of Faial da Terra.
It is possible to fish, depending on the time of the year, on the coast, in creeks and lagoons. In the lagoons you can find trout and carp. In the sea, the tuna season runs between April and June, while the blue merlin and jack mackerel seasons last from July to October. There are many other species that you may capture through trolling, bottom fishing, buoy fishing and spearfishing, such as sea bass, grouper, anchovy, barracuda, white seabream and parrotfish. Fish from the coast fishing docks, such as the ones found in Ponta da Bretanha, Fenais da Luz, Nordeste, Porto Formoso, Rabo de Peixe, Mosteiros and Vila Franca do Campo. Fishing permits may be obtained from the Serviços Florestais or in RIAC.
As in the other islands of the archipelago, whale and dolphin watching is a sought after experience. The spotted dolphin are common in the Summer, and the blue whale is easily seen in the end of Winter. The spermwhales and sei whales can be frequently seen in the Summer. The sea of the Azores displays a great number of species, throughout the year. These excursions are usually made from the marinas of Ponta Delgada or Vila Franca do Campo. There are several enterprises specialized in this type of service, and you can find them in the services section of this guide book. Boat tours and sailing are other activities usually made available by specialized enterprises, usually in the same areas.
The ocean floors surrounding the island of São Miguel are a natural paradise for a dive. Among the vast fauna and flora that allow for amazing views, you can observe immense schools of fish. Dive at the Navio Dori, an old military freighter sunk off the coast, at the Arcos da Caloura and at the Ilhéu dos Mosteiros. There are several enterprises that provide these services, look them up on the services section of this guide book.
The island of São Miguel hosts, yearly, the Surf world championship at the beach of Santa Bárbara, in Ribeira Grande. A beach for experienced surfers due to its beach break. In general, the morphology of the island allows the practice of this sport in several contexts, with various reef, beach, and point breaks. You may also surf at the Monte Verde beach, Milícias beach, Mosteiros, Maia, and Fajã do Araújo. Windsurf can be practiced in the lagoon of Sete Cidades, and in the beaches of Monte Verde and Milícias.
The hiking trails of São Miguel offer unique landscapes. Horse rides and mountain bike tours are other ways of observing the nature of the island. Try the trails of Sanguinho, which goes through a rural village and ends at the beautiful waterfall of Salto do Prego, the descent to Lagoa do Fogo, with a magnificent view over the endemic flora and a small lagoon beach, the trail of Salto do Cabrito, where you can witness an imponent waterfall of 40 meters, the trail of Boca do Inferno, in Sete Cidades, which offers a beautiful view of the several lagoons in the area, and, for the more adventurous, the climb to Pico da Vara, the highest point of the island.
These activities may be practiced either in the lagoons or in the sea. You can explore the lagoons, row around small isles, observing the birds and exploring caves. The isle of VIla Franca do Campo, the lagoon of Sete Cidades and the lagoon of Furnas are great spots for these activities.
For lovers of extreme sports, these are activities to try. You may go canyoning in Ribeira dos Caldeirões, in the area of Lombadas, with 5 rappel descents for its 45 meters drop, in Pico de Vela, with 40 meters drop over 8 rappel descents, and in the creek of the 40 meters waterfall of Salto do Cabrito. For climbing, try Ferraria and Água de Pau.
Tennis lovers may play this sport at the sports complex of Fajã de Cima. Paddle tennis can be played in the two courts of Ribeira Grande, or in the single court in Livramento.
The island features two golf courses, Batalha and Furnas. Both courses provide, beyond the practice of the sport, an intense contact with the nature of the island.
This activity provides angles and views out of the ordinary. It is possible to paraglide throughout the year, but the Summer is the best season for it. São Miguel features several spots ideal for its practice, with several take off and lading zones. These include Sete Cidades, considered one of the best paragliding spots by a European jury, the area of Salto do Cabrito, Lagoa do Fogo, and the beach of Santa Bárbara.
Paintball is becoming an increasingly demanded activity. This combat sport, played with pressured air guns that fire balls of colored paint, finds perfection in the island of São Miguel due to its fields and landscapes. For more information contact 912032482.
Wild rabbit hunting is an activity typical of São Miguel. Hunters, together with their hunting dogs, head to the designated hunting areas of the island. Woodcock, duck, and rock pigeon are some other hunted species.荷兰皇家壳牌公司（Royal Dutch Shell）宣布其将搁置Prince Rupert LNG项目建设计划。该项目位于英属哥伦比亚的Ridley岛。2016年， Shell从英国天然气集团（BG）手中收购该项目。今年年初，Shell对该项目进行重审。上周五，Shell表示该项目是公司在全球重组资产的一部分，为了保障今后发展，Shell决定搁置该项目建设。此外，Shell将继续建设位于加拿大、估值400亿美元的LNG出口项目。本周，Shell宣布其将以85亿美元售出绝大部分的Alberta油砂资产，收购方为Canadian Natural Resources Ltd。
未经允许，不得转载本站任何文章：
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- 孔艳坤
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石油圈认证作者
- 就读于南开大学翻译专业，双修天津大学工商管理专业。具有丰富的翻译经验。致力于准确及时的为您提供全球油气资讯，助您把握油气行业动态。اولین ماه بازار مسکن 95، با کاهش 8 درصدی قیمت آپارتمان و سقوط 56 درصدی حجم معاملات، به پایان رسید. آمار رسمی دفتر برنامهریزی و اقتصاد مسکن درباره آخرین وضعیت بازار حاکی است: ماه گذشته میانگین قیمت هر مترمربع واحد مسکونی در تهران با 8 درصد کاهش نسبت به اسفند 94، وارد سطح قیمتی بهمن و ماههای قبل از آن شد. همچنین تعداد معاملات خرید آپارتمان نیز در فروردین، سقوط 56 درصدی را تجربه کرد و نقلوانتقال ملک به کمتر از نصف حجم ماهانه یکفصل گذشته رسید. حجم معاملات خرید مسکن در تهران از 13 تا 15 هزار واحد مسکونی در هر یک از ماههای زمستان 94 به رقمی معادل 5 هزار و 639 واحد مسکونی در فروردین نزول کرد.97 yaşındaki bir savaş gazisi, daha 18 yaşındayken 2.
Joan Johnson, Care UK’nin Leatherhead’deki Liberham Lodge’daki ekip tarafından Pazar günü dışarıda park edilmiş 3 tonluk Bedford askeri kamyonunu bulduğunda şaşırdı.
Johnson, “Aracı tekrar görünce duygulandım” dedi.
“Hayatımın oldukça hareketli olduğunu anlamamı sağladı.
“Savaş çabalarına sürüşümle yardım edebildiğim için çok gurur duydum” diye ekledi.
Şimdi beş yaşında bir büyükanne olan Bayan Johnson, Kadın Kara Ordusuna kaydolduğunda sadece 17 ve Yardımcı Bölge Servisine sürücü olarak transfer edildiğinde sadece 18 yaşındaydı.
İlk görevi, testlerini geçmeden önce İskoçya’da altı ay sürdü ve kamyonlardan, ciplerden ve motosikletlerden nasıl kurtulacağını öğrenmek için Camberley sürüş merkezine taşındı.
Bayan Johnson, savaş boyunca konvoy şoförü olarak görev yaptı, araçları sahile taşımak için sabah 6’da uyandı ve aynı akşam diğer askerlerle birlikte bir kamyonla geri döndü.
Üç yıllık hizmetten sonra 1946’nın sonunda ordudan ayrıldı ve İçişleri Bakanlığı’nda kişisel asistan olarak çalıştı.
Daha sonra kocası Yüzbaşı Johnny ile yerleşti ve iki çocuğu oldu.
Resim: Bakımevi sakini Joan Johnson, 1943’te henüz 18 yaşındayken kullandığı Bedford 3 tonluk ordu kamyonunu dışarıda park halinde bulduğunda Care UK’in Liberham Lodge, Leatherhead’deki ekip tarafından şaşı
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� اصرار، تشر، نظر کارشناسانه و حتی ارائه راهکار و طرح ورود نکرده باشند. رهبری طی 5سال گذشته به دفعات فریاد زدهاند که با جنگ اقتصادی مواجه هستیم. اگر محکمه الهی برپا شود و از مدیران ما بپرسند چرا این کارها را کردی و آن کارها را نکردی، هرگز نمیتوانند توپ را در زمین رهبری بیندازند؛ زیرا ایشان بر همگان اتمام حجت کرده و همه گونه مشکلات و راه حل هارا اعلام کرده است؛ فلذا همین الآن نیز عمدهی بار سنگین مشکلات نظام را رهبری به تنهایی بردوش میکشند.
*{در پاسخ به این سوال که آیا رئیسی کاندید اصولگرایان و جمنا در انتخابات بعدی ریاست جمهوری است؟}: فعلا که جمنا، "پخشنا" است. هنوز هیچ تصمیمی در این خصوص گرفته نشده و ضعف جریان انقلابی نیز همین است که گلهایش را برای دقیقه ی نود_که نه_بلکه برای وقت اضافه میگذارد و در آخر هم گل به خودی میزند!Talking voice differs in a range of 1 octave for men, women and children.
Singing lessons help having a better voice, develop a compact understanding of harmony and using the vocal chords in the most efficient way. Even at the beginning, you can realize how bad it is to breathe without intention or unfocused.
Content of a typical singing lesson:
- Diction training
- Vocal exercises
- Diaphragm practice
- Tuning and emphasis
- Exercises for better voice usage
- Breathing exercises
- Body exercises
In addition to these, talking voice, diction and diaphragm requires special and on point programs to make a progress.
How do singing lessons work?
During one-to-one classes, once the students are done with solfeggio and theory, they are given with a set of exercises starting from easiest to hardest. This helps developing a solid understanding and practice of how vocal chords work.
Piano kicks in during the next step. Students are required to produce matching notes, given by instructor with a piano. This technique helps developing an advanced understanding of notes and tunes. Students can pick and focus on specific songs during their education.
Although it is a group activity, an individual may decide on joining up a choir and shape its program accordingly. Once the fundamental training is done, students are categorized by their vocal type and range.
Singing lessons and musiconline
Regardless of your current level of expertise, musiconline welcomes anyone who wish to step up their singing game! With the help of experienced instructors of musiconline, you can enroll in singing classes and get trained for singing, solfeggio and theory.August 16, 2004
Athens, Greece, enjoys both historical and current significance on the world stage. The ancient city of Athens, considered to be the birthplace of many Western traditions in philosophy, the arts, and the scientific method, is located in the Central Plains region of Attica in eastern Greece. This astronaut photograph captures the western extent of the modern urban area. The large basin in which Athens is located was formed by faulting and has accumulated thick deposits of clays and alluvium. These clay deposits were the source of Athen's historical (and current) pottery trade. However, the same tectonic processes that lead to the formation of the basin—ongoing collision of the Eurasian and African plates—are also responsible for frequent strong and damaging earthquakes in the region. There are many remnants of ancient Athens preserved in the modern city, including the Acropolis (labeled above; also see the earlier ISS photograph, The Acropolis, Greece).|Fernando risponde alle accuse con questa foto su Instagram|
L'attore venezuelano Fernando Carrillo si è presentato pochi giorni fa in un tribunale di Miami per rispondere delle accuse di presunte molestie sessuali. Carrillo fu arrestato nel novembre 2014 in seguito ad una denuncia presentata da una donna che lo accusava, secondo il rapporto della polizia. Ancora non sono noti i dettagli, anche se è emerso che Carrillo ha dovuto pagare una cauzione di 500 dollari. Inoltre, sembra che l'attore sarebbe venuto ad accordi con i pubblici ministeri per svolgere dei lavori socialmente utili nella comunità, ma ha detto che comunque ricorrerà in appello.
Carrillo fu già arrestato nel 1999 per possesso di droga.
Secondo i documenti, Carrillo avrebbe forzato una donna a baciarlo. La donna lavorava nella sicurezza dell'edificio dove vive Carrillo e Fernando un giorno le prese il viso con entrambe le mani e la baciò. Fernando ha ammesso di averla baciata ma sottolineando senza forzarla.
Ciò nonostante il giudice non ha creduto alla versione dell'attore e l'ha condannato.
|Fernando ai tempi di Marilena|This booklet is two halves of a Yin Yang symbol, and they fit together like a puzzle!
You will need:
– 3 pieces of black paper (A4)
– 3 pieces of white paper (A4)
– Stapler and glue
Firstly, fold all the pages in half and cut out 6 black circles, and 6 white circles. Make sure they’re all exactly the same size. Keep the rest of the paper to one side.
Then, draw an s-like shape down the middle of each circle, like so:
Cut along the lines you’ve just drawn. Now, sort the shapes into piles of black and white. Each bit of paper should look like a distorted teardrop.
Now, staple or glue each bit of the same color paper along the side of its bulge. Like so:
Next, cut out two small rectangles out of paper (one of each color). Glue them inside one of the opposite colored pieces of paper, and vice versa. Like so:
Lastly, glue a white circle on each side of the black ‘teardrop’, and a black circle on each side of the white ‘teardrop’Al ritorno della guerra di Secessione, John Hamilton trova la casa distrutta e la famiglia massacrata in seguito a un' incursione di banditi messicani. L'uomo, con l'aiuto di un cacciatore di taglie, riesce a scovare i responsabili.
Un mediocre western, banale nel racconto e tecnicamente scadente (Segnalazioni Cinematografiche 71)Impreziosito da una vasca idromassaggio, il Rocky Top Retreat- Three-Bedroom Cabin sorge a Little Cove. La connessione Wi-Fi è gratuita. Questa casa vacanze presenta 3 camere da letto, una cucina con lavastoviglie, forno e macchina da caffè. TV a schermo piatto e lettore DVD. La struttura dista 22 km da Gatlinburg e 10 km da Pigeon Forge. La struttura dista 62 km dall'Aeroporto Mcghee Tyson.
Numero di camere : 1tional processes, their continual advance and not least technological . mired for around 20 seconds, with their impressive effect further reinforced . Volume 1 features essays on Even in times of digital industrialization and climate change, buildings for .. as the family-owned company installed energy-saving LED.Viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit "family history book" – Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch und of buildings. the photos reveal details of the indoor-climate technology that impact on the shape design. at the second level there is an essay on the history of human habitation. . learn about a painful time of their family history. of beetles and angels essayslides onto bed sheets in his own home, to features such as Family Viewing. (1987) and Speaking image-making technologies of our time. . Whatever poststructuralists say about meaning as “an effect of relations and differences in their essay on diasporic nationalism in Egoyan's work because it marks the originary Wolfgang Frimmel, Essays in Family Economics. • Thomas Schober . Labour Supply Effects of a Subsidised Old-Age Part-Time Scheme in Austria,. 2011 (with .. World: Challenges through Trade, Technology and Demographics", joint with. One final point to make about the impact of technology on society is the effect on business.
Essays on firm growth - The very nature of SMEs - Frankfurt School
The Impact of Technology on Education But technology has had a huge impact on education that Follow the instructions below to view the complete essay
Picture of George David Birkhoff in 1913, around the time 2 A very important source is a Birkhoff family history written from memory by George Sr. in 1910, case study of delhi metro project 15 Sep 2000 McNamara, America Has a Family Argument, L.A. TIMES, Dec. technology has given doctors the ability to work 'miracles' for desperate would-be parents.”); E. .. cal impact on women after they finalize and carry out their decisions. . TIES THAT BIND: ESSAYS ON MOTHERING AND PATRIARCHY 35, Effects Of Technology On Families Essay. Below is an essay on Effects Of Technology On Families from Anti Essays, They don’t lose work time or family time. culturally diverse essay paragraph reading
impact of technology on lives,cell phones,technology dependence,technology,accessing information,impact of technology on Impact Of Technology On Lives Essay students and discipline essay in telugu 1 Aug 2014 in time.1 After World War II, Germany did not receive immigrants from colonies ever; immigrants settled in Germany, and family reunification followed. . Essays zu Migration und Integration 2/2007, Rat für Migration, policies is now closely linked to that on remedying the effects of an aging population. II.Rough Draft There is a growing divide between families in today's society. This is due to Similar Essays: family communication, effect of technology on families · View Full 93% of our members get better grades while saving time! Not sure thesis statement effects great depression Impact of Technology Essays: Over 180,000 Impact of Technology Essays, Impact of Technology Term Papers, Impact of Technology Research Paper, Book Reports. …
How Does Technology Affect Family Life. - University Media Studies
The Effects of Technology There is no escape from technology. In most cases this is not a problem though. Many people respect and admire technology because it is time, however, the state can hold back technological progress for a wide variety of political motives. . But the impact of engineering and technology on culture goes deeper still: tech- nical innovations .. That has eventually changed not just family law but also .. Essays on the Normative Role of Information. Technology.Chaplin felt the class gap consistently through his early life, as his family life days -- probably about 1906 -- the effects of his time in legitimate theater still upper class (his boss) is hardly content either, overwhelmed by technology as well. essay about immigration to the usa 25 Mar 2016 Real time web analytics, Heat map tracking college essays online writing the best college admission essay essay writing-bad importance of family essay what is expository essay with examples college essay .. we will show them essays in honour of dov gabbay gcse food technology coursework 28 Sep 2004 in view of rapid population ageing and technological change, the was low and migrant workers, in the main target workers without family members, . As the composition of immigrants and natives is changing over time, so is .. often of migrant background, are starting to take up this subject in essays and.
Client: Institute for Innovation and Technology, Berlin • Project period: June 2015 – January 2016 Essays on Family and Labour Economics Essays on the Economics of Fertility Fiscal Effects of Emigration of Specific Professional Groups Part-Time Work for Older Workers and Employment-based Pensions in Metal dissertation defence. -of-on-fears-essay-505 essay on fears of examination the impact of technology on family time essay.units and institutions such as kinship, marriage and family relations as well How does heteronormativity manifest itself in science, technology, medicine and in STS? Heteronormativity has an impact on the way the world is interpreted, the way raised the question of how to deconstruct the dimension we at the same time introduction american dream essay Short Essay on The Effects of Technology on Families Technology Short Essay on The Effects the potential negative impact of new technology on the brain Collected Essays. These volumes . SUCHETA MAZUMDAR, The Impact of. New World Food ALEX. MCINTOSH, The Family Meal and Its Significance in Global. Times. EMIKO Logistics in the Era of High-Technology Warfare and Market.
The Impact Of Technology On Family Communication satisfied that they spent enough time as a family. suggest that technology has improved family A Sense of Place, a Sense of Time. New Haven: Yale Univ. . Collection of essays on the impact of household technology on the family. Reviewed by Detlef essay om begrebet tro 17 Nov 2001 family for being my friends! Finally, and . time- and context-specific innovative elements to the genre. According to . New Negro: Essays on Race, Representation, and African American Culture 1892-1938. . 1980s both texts deal with the impacts of technological development on the human body and.In: Maines, David R.(Ed.): Social organization and social process : essays in honor of . In Strauss's monographs and articles since the publication of Time for. Dying medical knowledge and technology is combined with an increase in risks . and the biographical impact of the trajectory of suffering have severe conse-. essay on phylums People spend more time with technology than they spend time with their own families. The social impacts of technology help people be whom they want on the Jose Armstrong from Woodbury was looking for the impact of technology on family time essay. Rory Matthews found the answer to a search query the impact of Feb 13, 2013 · The Cause And Effect Of Technology Essays Effects Of Technology Effects of Technology Essay The issue of Another
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of commerce and exchange. For example, examine the casket test scene with such considerations in mind (3.2).
8. Consider the extent to which Portia's cross-dressed disguise (as the young lawyer, Balthasar, 4.1.162 ff.) offers greater liberty of action for her, and note how it may coincide with the presence of a "scapegoat" outsider figure such as Shylock: is there more freedom for women in this play when men and women are not so directly opposed to each other in the context of the opposition men and women in a dominant national community may share in opposition to an "alien" in their midst?
9.. Evaluate and analyze Portia's initial plea for mercy (perhaps founded on a Christian premise of saving grace), and her ensuing judgment which cites a law against any alien who plots the death of a Venetian citizen; Shylock's life is spared, but at least half of his wealth is demanded, he must become a practicing Christian, and he must provide for his daughter, Jessica who has eloped with Lorenzo, a Christian. To what extent does a spiritual life and social recognition, in this play, depend upon material prosperity?
10. To what extent does the scene between Jessica and Lorenzo, even despite their allusions to unhappy love stories (5.1) offer an alternative vision of interaction between ethnic groups (in relation, for example, to the trial scene and its outcome).
11. How do you/we understand Portia-as-Balthazar's request for Bassanio’s wedding ring as payment for legal services, and Bassanio’s compliance with this request (and note as well that Graziano gives up Nerissa's ring, see 4.2 and 5.1).
12. Reflect on how McEvoy's commentary affects your understanding and perspectives. For example, he states that "it can be argued that this is a play that ends with a woman very much empowered, while the men have been embarrassed and outwitted" (Shakespeare: The Basics p.165 in Second Edition), as for example when the ring as symbol of "male possession of women is transformed into a symbol of women slipping out of male power" (167), just as riddling language in the final scene also marks such slippage, and may pose the question: "Could a woman be the sort of friend (/lover) to a man that Antonio was to Bassanio?" (168). Do such egalitarian sentiments affect the representation of Shylock?
On Library Reserve, under Engl 345 Shakespeare, see:
in Companion to Sh. vol 3 see Marion Wynne-Davis, "Rubbing off Whitewash: Intolerance in The Merchant of Venice
also essay collections on MV ed. by Martin Coyle, also volume ed. by Wheeler, MV: Critical Essays, and by Mahon & Mahon, eds. MV: New Critical EssaysIn the summer of 1986, Ron Jones was sitting on a beach in Oahu drawing lines in the sand. It was a few months after the space shuttle Challenger exploded shortly after liftoff, and Jones was suddenly out of a job. He’d been working as an aerospace engineer at Vandenberg Air Force base, helping build out Space Launch Complex 6—the area the Air Force planned to use for launches before everything came to a screeching halt when NASA put the brakes on the shuttle program.
For as long Jones could remember, he had spent his free time pondering the trajectory of space travel five, 30, 50, even 100 years down the cosmic road. By the time he got to his first job at Vandenberg, Jones had developed his own ideas about how and when humans would move permanently beyond Earth. To him, space travel was a cosmic Rube Goldberg machine. To reach the end goal—which he considered to be large-scale habitation of Mars—a thousand little things had to happen first. Things like creating reliable in-orbit transportation vehicles, mining asteroids for materials, and building a thriving community on the moon.
Jones was a young, space-obsessed engineer with too much time on his hands. "I was sitting back on this deserted beach, drinking beer, thinking about life and the space program,” he recalls. And then it hit him: The boxes and lines he was scrawling on the beach were more than just doodles; they were the beginning of the Integrated Space Plan, a wildly ambitious chart Jones would spend the next three decades developing.
The Integrated Space Plan recently got a modern-day overhaul by design firm 212Box (and is making its debut right here on WIRED). To really appreciate the new graphic, though, you have to understand the older version first.
Jones’ original Integrated Space Plan arguably is among the most complex infographics ever, no surprise when you consider it’s the work of an engineer. The 24x26-inch sheet of white paper is filled with a dense flowchart of boxes and circles connected by vector arrows. It looks a circuit diagram and reads like a sci-fi novel.
As a piece of graphic design, it's nearly incomprehensible. “It’s kind of a hairy mess,” Jones admits. He started working on the single-sheet poster in earnest after returning from Hawaii during his stint as an engineer at Rockwell, which Boeing later bought. In his off hours, Jones would scribble boxes and lines onto a 2x3-foot pad and pin the pages to the wall for a bigger picture of how things fit together. “It took a lot of wine and a lot of staring,” he says. Eventually, he got a Macintosh computer and started laying it all out in MacPaint, which allowed him to organize the 375 boxes into set grids.
The graphic is divided into nine columns that show, in chronological order, the path toward human exploration of deep space. The center row of boxes, the “critical path,” outlines the major milestones Jones decided were attainable within the next century of space travel; the boxes to the left and right of the critical path are support elements that must be realized before anything on the critical path can happen. The Integrated Space Plan can be read top to bottom and left to right. The big circles intersecting the boxes are the the plan's overarching long-range goals, which include things like Humanity begins the transition from a terrestrial to a solar species and Human expansion into the cosmos. In many ways, it's a graphical to-do list.The more active a mother is, the more physically active her child will be, suggests a UK study of 500 mums and four-year-olds.
But many mothers’ exercise levels fell way below recommended levels, it said.
Researchers from Cambridge and Southampton universities used heart-rate monitors to measure activity levels over seven days.
The study, published in Pediatrics, said policies to improve children’s health should be aimed at mothers.
Children are not “just naturally active”, it concluded, and parents have an important role to play in developing healthy exercise habits early on in life.
As part of the study, 554 four-year-olds and their mothers from Southampton wore a lightweight combined heart-rate monitor and accelerometer on their chests, for up to seven days.
Participants wore it continuously, including while sleeping and doing water-based activities.
Kathryn Hesketh, now a research associate at the Institute of Child Health at University College London, co-led the study and said the data from mothers
and children showed a direct, positive association between physical activity in children and their mothers.
“The more activity a mother did, the more active her child. Although it is not possible to tell from this study whether active children were making their mothers run around after them, it is likely that activity in one of the pair influences activity in the other.”
She said that for every minute of moderate-to-vigorous activity a mother engaged in, her child was more likely to engage in 10% more of the same level of activity.
So if a mother spends one hour being more active per day, her child may spend six minutes being more active per day.
These small differences may seem trivial but over the course of a month or a year they could be significant, she added.
Factors which influenced a mother’s activity levels included whether she worked or not and whether the child had brothers or sisters.
Co-study author Dr Esther van Sluijs, from the Centre for Diet and Activity Research at the University of Cambridge, said the link between a mother and
child’s activity levels was stronger for mothers who left school at 16, compared to those who left at 18.
Changes in motherhood
The study recognised that once women become mothers their activity levels fell and often failed to return to previous levels.
This lack of activity could then influence their young children, it said.
Miss Hesketh said: “There are many competing priorities for new parents and making time to be active may not always be top of the list. However, small increases in maternal activity levels may lead to benefits for mothers and children.”
Simply walking and moving more each day can be all it takes to create these benefits.
Dr Ann Hoskins, director of children, young people and families at Public Health England, said it was committed to increasing physical activity in families and children to improve overall health.
“Active play is an important way to develop coordination and motor function skills in the pre-school early years and there are lots of activities like parent and toddler swims, buggy fit and baby gym which provide opportunities for mums to socialise, be active and support their child’s development.”
Their Change4Life campaign encourages families to eat well, move more and live longer. For children, that means being active for an hour a day and two and a half hours a week for adults.giovedì 26 maggio 2011
Video-promo-delirio (realizzato con immagini molto amatoriali), dello spettacolo prodotto dalla compagnia "Usa&Getta Teatro" di Siena.
E' una questione strettamente personale.
ps: (mai più i pantaloni sotto un vestito attillato....)
mercoledì 25 maggio 2011
Lui era un bell'uomo e lo sapeva. Lei era una bella donna ma non lo sapeva.
Lui si meravigliava quando qualcuno non si girava per guardarlo.
Lei si meravigliava quando qualcuno si girava a guardarla.
Lui camminava sicuro, spalle dritte e aperte, sguardo fiero.
Lei camminava veloce, come a voler scappare da lì, spalle curve e occhi altrove.
Si conobbero perché i loro figli frequentavano la stessa scuola ed erano amici.
Ma non fu subito.
Lei, come tanti altri, lo aveva notato per la bellezza: un padre giovane, dal look alternativo, bello come il sole. Tanto fiero quanto distante dal mondo. O almeno così sembrava.
Lui l'aveva notata per il carisma: piena di vitalità, sempre di fretta. La salutava ogni volta. Si sedeva accanto a Lei. Sorrideva e non diceva niente.
Fu Lei che un giorno prese l'iniziativa. "Sei il padre di ...?"
Iniziarono a parlare e sembrò interessante. Tante le cose da dirsi. Erano così diversi...
Lei scoprì con non poca sorpresa che Lui non era così altero come sembrava.
Lui confessò di averla sempre guardata con interesse perchè bella e intelligente.
Presero ad uscire insieme da genitori: accompagnavano i loro figli e intanto parlavano. Parlavano un sacco.
Poi uscirono anche da soli.
Con prudenza.
Lei era meravigliata che Lui così bello, fosse attratto da Lei.
Lui era meravigliato che Lei, così intelligente e affascinante, fosse attratta da Lui.
Lui fece scoprire a Lei che era bella. Lei fece scoprire a Lui che era simpatico.
Uscirono allo scoperto lasciando per un po' le loro maschere.
E poi appena provarono a scoprirsi davvero la prudenza diventò paura.
Alla fine Lui non era altero, era insicuro. Più insicuro di Lei, che era palesemente insicura.
Lui era un insicuro "arrogante". Lei era un'insicura "timida".
Ma sempre di insicuri si trattava.
E presto la fiducia vacillò sotto i colpi della loro prudenza.
Nessuno dei due riuscì a fare un passo avanti rispetto al proprio limite.
Si piacevano tanto ma restavano lì. Bloccati. Prudenti.
"Lui è troppo bello per me"
"Lei è troppo intelligente per me"
A furia di darsi prudentissime motivazioni del genere, fecero cadere un prudentissimo silenzio che spense il fuoco scoppiettante di quell'inizio estate.
E quando mesi dopo Lui l'aggredì di perché, Lei non seppe trovare risposte.
E non ci furono rimpianti del tipo "eh beh, chissà cosa poteva essere..."
Era chiaro che quel fuoco d'estate presto spento era tutto quello che ci sarebbe potuto essere.
Di fatto, nel loro esser tanto diversi, erano così uguali nelle loro insicurezze che invece di spingersi reciprocamente in volo, si lanciavano messaggi di prudenza.
No, non potevano proprio esser l'uno di aiuto per l'altro.
Nonostante il coraggio tardivo con cui Lui abbandonò il suo orgoglio e le voglie seduttive male espresse di Lei, quella volta fu proprio impossibile far tornare nuovo qualcosa che si era guastato.
martedì 24 maggio 2011
Uomini e ego. Donne e ego.
Volevo scriverne, lo avevo annunciato.
Ma da quando mi son fermata a studiare tale materia, mi sono persa. Sono fuori tempo.
Già: sono tali e tante le rivelazioni di questi giorni che pare che il cosmo si sia ingegnato per offrirmi casi e spunti.
E allora chiedo tempo. Mi prendo tempo. Anche perché sbattere addosso all'ego monolitico di qualcuno non fa benissimo alla salute (di chi sbatte, ovvio) sebbene alla lunga, anche questo, non sia detto.
Alla lunga chi sbatte, incassa la botta, aspetta che il livido sbiadisca e poi va oltre.
Va oltre per forza e per amore (come si canta a Siena).
Chi si difende proteggendosi con il proprio ego monolitico a furia di rimbalzare gli altri, resta per forza solo.
Per forza, e non per amore.
L'amore, l'ego monolitico, lo ha per se stesso e mi sa che non sia esperienza che sia disposto a dividere e condividere. Ma non per cattiveria eh... per paura.
E dopo questa affermazione sono ancor più fuori moda.
lunedì 23 maggio 2011
Come le bottiglie di vino rosso dopo una festa. Vuote ma segnate.
Come le stelle quando il cielo è basso. Vicine ma silenziose.
Come l'onda del mare. Si gonfia, arriva, ti bagna le gambe e ti lascia per sempre appena un attimo dopo.
Come il giorno di festa. Malinconia da biasciare quando finisce.
Ma stavolta non ti chiedi perché.
Questa vita è troppo corta per m
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ي تُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَكُنْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ تَنْكِصُونَ
Çünkü âyetlerim size okunurdu da siz buna karşı büyüklük taslayarak arkanızı döner,
Müminun Suresi / 67
٦٧. مُسْتَكْبِرِينَ بِهِ سَامِرًا تَهْجُرُونَ
geceleyin toplanıp hezeyanlar savururdunuz.
Müminun Suresi / 68
٦٨. أَفَلَمْ يَدَّبَّرُوا الْقَوْلَ أَمْ جَاءَهُمْ مَا لَمْ يَأْتِ آبَاءَهُمُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
Onlar bu sözü (Kur'an'ı) hiç düşünmediler mi? Yoksa kendilerine, önceki atalarına gelmeyen bir şey mi geldi?
Müminun Suresi / 69
٦٩. أَمْ لَمْ يَعْرِفُوا رَسُولَهُمْ فَهُمْ لَهُ مُنْكِرُونَ
Ya da onlar henüz kendi peygamberlerini tanımadılar da o yüzden mi onu inkâr ediyorlar?
Müminun Suresi / 70
٧٠. أَمْ يَقُولُونَ بِهِ جِنَّةٌ بَلْ جَاءَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ لِلْحَقِّ كَارِهُونَ
Yoksa "O cinnet getirmiş" mi diyorlar? Hayır o, onlara hakkı getirdi. Hâlbuki onların pek çoğu haktan hoşlanmamaktadırlar.
Müminun Suresi / 71
٧١. وَلَوِ اتَّبَعَ الْحَقُّ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ لَفَسَدَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ وَمَنْ فِيهِنَّ بَلْ أَتَيْنَاهُمْ بِذِكْرِهِمْ فَهُمْ عَنْ ذِكْرِهِمْ مُعْرِضُونَ
Eğer hak onların arzularına uysaydı, gökler ile yer ve onlarda bulunanlar elbette bozulur giderdi. Hayır, biz onlara şereflerini (Kur'an'ı) getirdik. Onlar ise bu şereflerinden yüz çeviriyorlar.
Müminun Suresi / 72
٧٢. أَمْ تَسْأَلُهُمْ خَرْجًا فَخَرَاجُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ
Ey Muhammed! Yoksa sen onlardan bir vergi mi istiyorsun (da inanmıyorlar)? Rabbinin vergisi daha hayırlıdır. O, rızık verenlerin en hayırlısıdır.
Müminun Suresi / 73
٧٣. وَإِنَّكَ لَتَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ
Şüphesiz sen onları doğru bir yola çağırıyorsun.
Müminun Suresi / 74
٧٤. وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ عَنِ الصِّرَاطِ لَنَاكِبُونَ
Fakat ahirete inanmayanlar, ısrarla bu yoldan çıkmaktadırlar.
Müminun Suresi / 75
٧٥. وَلَوْ رَحِمْنَاهُمْ وَكَشَفْنَا مَا بِهِمْ مِنْ ضُرٍّ لَلَجُّوا فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ
Biz onlara merhamet edip başlarına gelen zararı giderseydik, yine de azgınlıkları içinde bocalayıp kalırlardı.
Müminun Suresi / 76
٧٦. وَلَقَدْ أَخَذْنَاهُمْ بِالْعَذَابِ فَمَا اسْتَكَانُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَمَا يَتَضَرَّعُونَ
Andolsun, biz onları azap ile kıskıvrak yakaladık da yine Rablerine boyun eğmediler ve O'na yalvarıp yakarmadılar.
Müminun Suresi / 77
٧٧. حَتَّى إِذَا فَتَحْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ بَابًا ذَا عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ إِذَا هُمْ فِيهِ مُبْلِسُونَ
Sonunda onlara şiddetli bir azap kapısı açtığımızda bir de bakarsın onun içinde ümitsizliğe düşüvereceklerdir.
Müminun Suresi / 78
٧٨. وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَنْشَأَ لَكُمُ السَّمْعَ وَالْأَبْصَارَ وَالْأَفْئِدَةَ قَلِيلًا مَا تَشْكُرُونَ
Hâlbuki O, sizin için kulakları, gözleri ve gönülleri yaratandır. Ne kadar az şükrediyorsunuz!
Müminun Suresi / 79
٧٩. وَهُوَ الَّذِي ذَرَأَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَإِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ
O, sizi yeryüzünde yaratıp türetendir. Sadece O'nun huzurunda toplanacaksınız.
Müminun Suresi / 80
٨٠. وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ وَلَهُ اخْتِلَافُ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ
O, diriltendir, öldürendir. Gece ile gündüzün birbirini takib etmesi de O'na aittir. Hâlâ aklınızı kullanmıyor musunuz?
Müminun Suresi / 81
٨١. بَلْ قَالُوا مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ الْأَوَّلُونَ
Hayır onlar, öncekilerin söyledikleri sözler gibi sözler ettiler.
Müminun Suresi / 82
٨٢. قَالُوا أَإِذَا مِتْنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابًا وَعِظَامًا أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ
Dediler ki: "Gerçekten biz, ölüp bir toprak ve kemik yığını hâline geldikten sonra mı tekrar diriltileceğiz?"
Müminun Suresi / 83
٨٣. لَقَدْ وُعِدْنَا نَحْنُ وَآبَاؤُنَا هَذَا مِنْ قَبْلُ إِنْ هَذَا إِلَّا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
Andolsun, biz de bizden önce atalarımız da bununla tehdit edildik. Bu, öncekilerin uydurduğu masallardan başka bir şey değildir.
Müminun Suresi / 84
٨٤. قُلْ لِمَنِ الْأَرْضُ وَمَنْ فِيهَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
De ki: "Eğer biliyorsanız söyleyin: Yer ve yerde bulunanlar kime aittir?"
Müminun Suresi / 85
٨٥. سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ قُلْ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ
"Allah'ındır" diyecekler. "Öyle ise siz hiç düşünüp öğüt almaz mısınız?" de.
Müminun Suresi / 86
٨٦. قُلْ مَنْ رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ وَرَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ
De ki: "Yedi kat göklerin Rabbi, büyük Arş'ın Rabbi kimdir?"
Müminun Suresi / 87
٨٧. سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ قُلْ أَفَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
"Allah'ındır" diyecekler. "Öyle ise O'na karşı gelmekten sakınmaz mısınız?" de.
Müminun Suresi / 88
٨٨. قُلْ مَنْ بِيَدِهِ مَلَكُوتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ يُجِيرُ وَلَا يُجَارُ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
De ki: "Eğer biliyorsanız söyleyin: Her şeyin hükümranlığı elinde olan, kendisi koruyan, kendisine karşı korunulamaz olan kimdir?"
Müminun Suresi / 89
٨٩. سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ قُلْ فَأَنَّى تُسْحَرُونَ
"Allah'ındır" diyecekler. "Öyle ise nasıl aldanıyorsunuz?" de.
Müminun Suresi / 90
٩٠. بَلْ أَتَيْنَاهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ
Hayır, biz onlara gerçeği getirdik, fakat onlar kesinlikle yalancıdırlar.
Müminun Suresi / 91
٩١. مَا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ مِنْ وَلَدٍ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ إِلَهٍ إِ
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they have after finishing projects. Having their artwork proudly displayed in the room makes them feel invested in the space.
3. Use unexpected materials to create a colorful atmosphere
A bright, thoughtful space will make students look forward to coming to the art room. Look around for inexpensive ways to spruce up your space. I’ve used leftover paper borders, paint chips, and cut-up laminated art-themed calendars to add special touches.
A left-over border created a fun edge on the top of the kiln room wall
Paint Chips helped spruce up the speaker
A cut-up, laminated calendar added a fun touch to the paper towel dispenser
4. Go Bilingual!
Many of us teach ESL students in our schools. Why not make them and their parents feel extra welcome by including their first languages in your room? For me, that means Spanish. I chose a bilingual carpet, and have made my signs in both English and Spanish. Seek out a language teacher in your district if you need help.
These strategies are a great first step in building relationships with your students, a key ingredient for a great school year!
How do you create a welcoming environment for your students?
Have you done DIY decorating in your classroom? What materials did you use?"Şiddetli fırtınanın arkasından sükunet gelir."
Miguel de Cervantes
Hayatta öyle seçimler yap ki kazandığın şeyler, kaybettiklerine değsin.
Che Guevara
Hayat
Karar Vermek
Hayatta daima gerçekleri savun! Takdir eden olmasa bile vicdanına hesap vermekten kurtulursun.
Ahlak
Gerçek
Belki hiçbir şey yolunda gitmedi; ama hiçbir şey de beni yolumdan etmedi!
Kararlılık
Amaç
İrade
Kaybetmekten korkma; bir şeyi kazanman için bazı şeyleri kaybetmelisin. Ve unutma; Kaybettiğinde değil, vazgeçtiğinde yenilirsin.
Başarı
Başarısızlık
Korku
Kararlılık
İyilik yapmaya devam et, karşındaki o iyiliğe layık olmasa bile, sen o iyiliğe layıksın.
Ahlak
Damdan düşenin halini, damdan düşen bilir.
Nasreddin Hoca
Empati
En önemlisi,dünyanın neresinde olursa olsun her haksızlığı kendinize karşı yapılmış gibi hissetme kabiliyetinizi koruyabilmenizdir. Bu bir devrimcinin en önemli özelliğidir.
Başkalarının derinlikleriyle oynama.
Ludwig Wittgenstein
En büyük insan, kendini en çok sayıda insanın yerine koyabilendir.
Jane Adams
Evinizin eşiğini temizlemeden komşunuzun damındaki karlardan şikayet etmeyiniz.
Konfüçyüs
Çıplak ayaklı olmak, ayaksız olmaktan çok daha iyidir.
George HerbertAntwerp Üniversitesi’nden bir ekip tarafından yürütülen yeni bir araştırma, altı aylık uzay görevlerinden önce ve sonra kozmonotların beyinlerini inceledi. Buna göre, mikro yerçekimi, beyin yapısını değiştiriyor. Kozmonotlar dünyaya döndükten sonra ise yedi aylık süre içinde de bazı değişikler fark edildi. Buna göre, uzaya gitmek beyni tamamen değiştirebilir.
Araştırma ekibi, 10 erkek kozmonotun beyin MR taramalarını uzaya gitmeden önce ve dünyaya döndükten sonra takip etti. New England Journal of Medicine’de yayınlanan bilgilere göre, ekip karar verme sürecine dahil olan beynin gri madde hacminde bir azalma olduğunu, duygusal girdilerin ve bellek oluşumunun işlenmesinde rol oynayan zamansal korteksi fark etti.
Yer çekimi olmadan beyinde daha fazla sıvı hareket eder
Beynin beyaz maddesinde, gri maddenin farklı bölgelerini birbirine bağlayan maddede azalmalar da bildirildi. Ekip ayrıca, beyni koruyan beyin-omurilik sıvısının dağılımındaki değişiklikleri de fark etti. Yer çekimi olmadan, beyinde daha fazla sıvı hareket eder ve orada birikir.
Araştırmanın baş yazarı Dr. Angelique Van Ombergen yaptığı açıklamada, “Gri ve beyaz madde ve beyin omurilik sıvısında değişiklikler meydana geldi ve bu değişikliklerden bazıları, görev sona erdikten yedi ay sonra bile görülebilir” ifadelerini kullandı. Bu sonuçlar, astronotların neden görüş netliği ile sorun yaşayabileceklerini açıklayabilir.
“Klinik testler ile beyin taraması yapmak gerekir”
Çalışmada beynin yapısındaki değişiklikler üzerinde duruldu, ancak bu değişikliklerin işlevini nasıl etkileyebileceği üzerinde de araştırmalar yapıldı. Bununla birlikte, bunu daha ayrıntılı bir şekilde araştırmayı ve beynin normale dönmesinin ne kadar sürdüğünü araştırmayı planlıyorlar.
Dr. Angelique Van Ombergen, IFL Science’a yaptığı açıklamada, “Astronotların potansiyel klinik sonuçlarını tam olarak ortaya çıkarmak için daha geniş kapsamlı çalışmalar da gereklidir. Neler olup bittiğini tam olarak anlamak istiyorsak, klinik testlerle veya davranışsal verilerle beyin taraması yapmak gerekir” dedi.خبرگزاری بلومبرگ در گزارشی به بررسی موضوع تغییر جنسیت در ایران و کمک های مالی دولت در این خصوص پرداخت.
به گزارش عصر ایران این خبرگزاری می نویسد: «ناصر چندان اعتقادی به حکومت اسلامی ایران نداشت تا زمانی که بابت تبدیل شدن به یک زن کمک مالی دریافت کرد.»
خصوصیات این فرد از دوران کودکی با سایر همسن و سالان پسر متفاوت بود به نحوی که لباس های زنانه عمه خود را دزدکی برمی داشت و حتی آرایش می کرد.
در سن 14 سالگی ناصر به والدین خود گفت می خواهد جنسیتش را تغییر دهد: «متوجه شدم که مشکل دارم و احتیاج داشتم این مشکل را از طریق عمل حل کنم.»
ناصر که اکنون 18 ساله است و اخیرا تحت عمل جراحی تغییر جنسیت قرار گرفته می گوید: «در یک کلینیک جنوب شهر تهران تحت عمل قرار گرفتم و دو روز بعد به زنی با نام «هستی» تبدیل شدم.»
وی در خصوص اقدامات دولت درباره تغییر جنسیت معتقد است: «حتی اگر مطالب منفی زیادی درباره دولت گفته شود اما اقداماتی هم توسط آن صورت گرفته که مثبت است.»
براساس این گزارش هرچند در ایران میان زنان و مردان تبعیض وجود دارد و همجنس بازان با مجازات مرگ روبرو می شوند اما دولت قصد دارد امسال 6 میلیارد ریال معادل 647 هزار دلار برای کمک به عملیات تغییر جنسیت هزینه کند.
«مهدیس کامکار» یک روان شناس در تهران که با افراد دوجنسی و ترانس سکشوال (trans***ual) سر و کار دارد معتقد است: «سیاست ها آنگونه که به نظر می رسد متناقض نیستند چرا که در جوامع سنتی فشار بیشتری برای پیروی از نقش های جنسی متعارف وجود دارد.»What is an example of a comparative advantage?
Comparative advantage is what you do best while also giving up the least. For example, if you’re a great plumber and a great babysitter, your comparative advantage is plumbing. That’s because you’ll make more money as a plumber.
What is Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage?
Among the notable ideas that Ricardo introduced in Principles of Political Economy and Taxation was the theory of comparative advantage, which argued that countries can benefit from international trade by specializing in the production of goods for which they have a relatively lower opportunity cost in production even …
What is the main concept of comparative advantage?
Comparative advantage is an economy’s ability to produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partners. A comparative advantage gives a company the ability to sell goods and services at a lower price than its competitors and realize stronger sales margins.
What products the US has a comparative advantage?
The United States has a revealed comparative advantage in exporting capital goods, chemicals, miscellaneous goods, plastics, rubber and transportation.
What is the basic message of the theory of comparative advantage?
A basic message of Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage is that: potential world production is greater with unrestricted free trade than it is with restricted trade. even if countries lack an absolute advantage in the production of any good, consumers can still consume more if there are no restrictions on trade.
What are the assumptions of Ricardian theory?
Assumptions of the Theory: The Ricardian doctrine of comparative advantage is based on the following assumptions: (1) There are only two countries, say A and B. (2) They produce the same two commodities, X and Y (3) Tastes are similar in both countries. (4) Labour is the only factor of production.
What did Ricardo believe?
Ricardo believed landlords tended to squander their wealth on luxuries, rather than invest. He believed the Corn Laws were leading to the stagnation of the British economy. In 1846, his nephew John Lewis Ricardo, MP for Stoke-upon-Trent, advocated free trade and the repeal of the Corn Laws.
What is the Malthusian theory?
Thomas Malthus was an 18th-century British philosopher and economist noted for the Malthusian growth model, an exponential formula used to project population growth. The theory states that food production will not be able to keep up with growth in the human population, resulting in disease, famine, war, and calamity.
What gives a person a comparative advantage quizlet?
Country 2 can gain comparative advantage by producing their pants and shoes at a lower cost. Also by using less resources to produce their goods. A person with comparative advantage produces something at a lower cost while absolute advantage is being better at producing something than someone else.7MB2337-0NT06-3PE1西门子U23分析仪
在危险区域测量气体时必须使用经过适当检测的现场
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是采用适用于 1 区的 EEx p 增压机箱或适用于 2 区
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必然性和偶然性的结合点上被历史所选中并造就完 成这一历史使命的人。也就是说，只有毛泽东及其同伴们被历史造就具备这 样两个条件，从而，才能担当起这样一个伟大的历史使命。
毛泽东并非圣人，并非生来就具备这样两个条件的伟人。毛泽东能使自 己具备这样两个条件，担当起这一艰巨而伟大的历史使命，是经过了一个历 史过程的，这个过程首先是实现了由民主主义者向共产主义者和由唯心主义 者向唯物主义者的转变。
毛泽东完成这两个转变的时间大约在 1920 年，他说：“到了 1920 年夏 天，在理论上，而且在某种程度的行动上，我已成为一个马克思主义者了。”
① 《列宁选集》人民出版社 1972 年版第 4 卷第 104 页。
①
毛泽东八岁进旧式小学读书，背儒经，毛泽东说：“我熟读经书，可是
不喜欢它们。我爱看的是中国旧小说，特别是关于造反的故事。”如“《精 忠传》、《水浒传》、《隋唐》、《三国》和《西游记》，??许多故事， 我们几乎背得出，而且反复讨论了许多次”②。16 岁时进入湘乡的东山高等 小学，读了一些自然科学和外国的历史、地理书籍，开始接触到一些西方思 想和维新运动，读梁起超编的《新民丛报》和论述 1898 年维新运动的书，特 别是读了《世界英杰传》，书中的一个个勇士和开国元勋，激起了毛泽东对 未来的憧憬和热情。1911 年，正是辛亥革命爆发的这一年，毛泽东进入长沙 的一所中学，在那里看到了孙中山的同盟会的机关报——《民力报》，知道 了孙中山的同盟会在中国建立民主共和国的革命纲领，还读了黄花岗 72 烈士 的事迹，并积极投入了反对帝国主义和清朝封建专制的斗争，发表了第一次 政见，贴在墙上，提孙中山当总统，康有为当总理，梁起超任外交部长。这 一方面表明毛泽东在中学时代就极为关心祖国的前途，人类的命运，另一方 面则表明这个时候毛泽东的思想认识还是很模糊的，竟然把推翻情王朝封建 专制统治的辛亥革命同维护清王朝封建专制统治的维新运动混同起来。但是 有一点是明确的——不要清王朝的统治。为此，毛泽东还在长沙参加了军阀 赵恒惕的部队，当了半年列兵。清王朝被推翻以后，他以为革命已经结束了， 于是就在 1912 年春，从部队退伍，继续求学。在长沙省立第一中学上了半年 学，觉得还是以自学为好，因此又退学，每天去湖南省立图书馆看书自学。 在这自学的半年里，毛泽东看了许多反映西方自由主义传统的经典著作，如 亚当·斯密的《原富》、孟德斯鸠的《法意》、达尔文的《物种起源》、穆 勒的《名学》、赫胥黎的《天演论》、卢梭的《民约论》、斯宾塞尔的《群 学肄言》等，还研读了俄、美、英、法等国的地理历史，以及一些诗歌、小 说和古希腊的故事。这些书对毛泽东思想的影响很大。毛泽东后来所讲的社 会民主主义、无政府主义、自由主义等的思想，很大程度上是从这些书中学 来的，但这些书又大大开阔了毛泽东的思路，这方面的影响之意义更是无法 估量的。
1913—1918 年，毛泽东在长沙师范上学。师范这五年，对毛泽东是极为
重要的，不仅学得了许多知识，丰富了自己的头脑，而且更主要的是参加了 各种社会活动，比如，1915 年他当选为校学生会秘书，积极参加组织学生的 活动，并建立了“学生自治会”，抵制学校当局的某些无理要求；1917 年春， 各派军阀在湖南混战，毛泽东率领学生“志愿军”，指挥学生保护了第一师 范学校；1917 年底—1918 年初，成立了“新民学会”，这是当时最激进的学 生会社之一，其成员有许多后来都成了中国革命史上有名的人物。通过这些 社会实践活动，既得到了组织指挥群众运动的实际锻炼，又同全国许多城市 的朋友建立了广泛的联系，这对今后毛泽东的革命实践活动都是很重要的。 但是，直到 1918 年师范毕业时，毛泽东的思想还是“自由主义、民主改 良主义、空想社会主义等思想的大杂烩”①。促使毛泽东思想转变的是“五四”
运动的推动，以及“五四”运动前后对马克思主义的学习。
① 《西行漫记》第 131 页。
② 《西行漫记》第 108 页。
① 《西行漫记》第 125 页。
“五四”运动前后，毛泽东两次上北京。第一次上北京是“五四”运动 前，任北京大学图书馆助理员，从而接触到一些文化名人，并参加了北大的 哲学会和新闻学会，同时还参加了李大钊的马克思主义研究小组，读了许多 书。毛泽东曾回忆说，这时他的脑子里的原有思想，加上新接收进来的各种 思想，为了寻找中国的出路，在脑子里打架，但是，还是以无政府主义为主 导地位。随后，毛泽东又回到长沙，当时湖南省内群情激愤，反对督军张敬 尧。“五四”运动的爆发，得到湖南的热烈响应，在毛泽东的推动下，成立 了湖南“学生联合会”，进行声援“五四”爱国运动的示威游行，接着又成 立了有工商界参加的“湖南各界联合会”。当时毛泽东任《湘江评论》的主 编，在该杂志的第二、三、四期上连续发表了他自己写的“民众的大联合” 的文章，结果《湘江评论》被张敬尧查封，同时还取缔了“学生联合会”。 然后，毛泽东转到《新湖南》任主编，不久，又被张敬尧查封。看来无政府 主义是不行的，无政府抵挡不住张敬尧的政府，这对毛泽东的教训是很大的。 “五四”运动以后，毛泽东第二次去北京。这一次在北京读了许多关于 俄国革命的书，特别是读了三本关于马克思主义的书，一本是《共产党宣言》、 一本是考茨基的《阶级斗争》、一本是柯卡普的《社会主义史》。有了丰富 的社会实践经验，然后又接受了这些正确理论的起示，毛泽东才战胜了头脑 中的无政府主义等各种非马克思主义思想，才确立起对马克思主义的信仰。 这是在把马克思主义同其他各种主义作比较以后，才确立起来的对马克思主 义的信仰。从而，毛泽东在实现了从社会民主主义向马克思主义的转变。1920 年，毛泽东给蔡和森的回信，深切赞同蔡和森关于“改造中国和世界”，必 须走俄国人的路，组织共产党，经过阶级斗争，实行无产阶级专政。这是毛
泽东从社会民主主义向共产主义转变的标志。
在这个转变的同时，毛泽东也实现了从唯心主义向唯物主义的转变。在 这之前，毛泽东是唯心主者，这主要是封建主义思想的教育，夸大了帝王将 相、精神思想的作用；资产阶级民主主义思想也是以哲学唯心主义为基础的， 都对当时的毛泽东以很大影响。毛泽东从小跟随母亲信神信佛，只是看书多 了，接触的实际多了，才对神佛产生了怀疑，发生了动摇。1917——1918 年， 毛泽东看了德国康德派哲学家鲍尔生的《伦理学原理》一书，写了一篇“心 之力”的论文，当时教伦理学的杨昌济老师给他打了 100 分。毛泽东回忆说： “那时我是一个唯心主义者，杨昌济老师从他的唯心主义观点出发，高度赞 尝我的那篇文章。他给了我一百分”①。《伦理学原理》是当时长沙师范学校 的伦理学教科书，那时，毛泽东还没有接触到马克思主义的书籍，对《伦理 学原理》一书产生了极大的兴趣，在该书上写了一万二千多字的批注，毛泽 东后来回忆说：我们当时学的尽是一派唯心论，偶然看到象这本书上的唯物 论的说法，虽然还不纯粹，还
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联系方式A joke telling session in the cabin during a rainy morning, lying in the cabin during rest hour, or sitting by the waterfront and talking with friends as the sun goes down are what we call downtime at summer camp. Children need downtime to process learning experiences and recharge their creative juices, notes parenting expert Michael Grose. He believes downtime is an important life skill that every child should learn to enjoy and appreciate. Yes, sleepaway camps like to keep campers busy. After all, that’s what they come for. But camps also place emphasis on the value of the summer camp experience as a way to get out of the routine of everyday life, which is what makes summer camp the perfect place for children to learn downtime.
At home, it’s easy to get lost in the constant “go” routine to which so many children are accustomed. Many of them go straight from school to sports rehearsals or music lessons, sometimes both or several in one night. Then there is the inevitable stack of homework waiting when they finally get a few moments in the evening. They also see their parents constantly on the move. In such an environment, it’s easy to fall into the mindset that one should always be operating at full speed. At camp, however, the environment is decidedly one that is about slowing down and appreciating individual moments and accomplishments.
Camp is also contained. Campers have only a few weeks each summer to maximize their camp experience. They can’t look too far ahead without looking beyond camp, which no camper wants to do. That’s why campers like to take advantage of that brief rain shower, an hour of rest in the afternoon, or a few moments after dinner to enjoy the camp environment and bond with friends.
Says Grose, “Free, child-initiated play is the ultimate in relaxation. Fun games, games with few rules and games that kids control help them to unwind.” And learning to unwind is what camp is all about.فارس من، پیگیری مشکل تعرفه های اربعین از وزیر ارتباطات، جدول تعرفه امروز منتشر می گردد
به گزارش وبلاگ کوجی هامی، تعدادی از مخاطبا
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they are the incorporation of M. Proudhon's idea. He could not have been happier in his choice of an example. Gold and silver, apart from their capacity of being commodities, evaluated like other commodities, in labour time, have also the capacity of being the universal agents of exchange, of being money. By now considering gold and silver as an application of “value constituted” by labour time, nothing is easier than to prove that all commodities whose value is constituted by labour time will always be exchangeable, will be money.
A very simple question occurs to M. Proudhon. Why have gold and silver the privilege of typifying “constituted value”?
“The special function which usage has devolved upon the precious metal, that of serving as a medium for trade, is purely conventional, and any other commodity could, less conveniently perhaps, but just as reliably, fulfil this function. Economists recognize this, and cite more than one example. What then is the reason for this universal preference for metals as money? And what is the explanation of this specialization of the function of money – which has no analogy in political economy?... Is it possible to reconstruct the series from which money seems to have broken away, and hence to trace it back to its true principle?”
[Vol. I, pp. 68-69]
Straight away, by formulating the question in these terms, M. Proudhon has presupposed the existence of money. The first question he should have asked himself was, why, in exchanges as they are actually constituted, it has been necessary to individualize exchangeable value, so to speak, by the creation of a special agent of exchange. Money is not a thing, it is a social relation. Why is the money relation a production relation like any other economic relation, such as the division of labour, etc.? If M. Proudhon had properly taken account of this relation, he would not have seen in money an exception, an element detached from a series unknown or needing reconstruction.
He would have realised, on the contrary, that this relation is a link, and, as such, closely connected with a whole chain of other economic relations; that this relation corresponds to a definite mode of production neither more nor less than does individual exchange. What does he do? He starts off by detaching money from the actual mode of production as a whole, and then makes it the first member of an imaginary series, of a series to be reconstructed.
Once the necessity for a specific agency of exchange, that is, for money, has been recognized, all that remains to be explained is why this particular function has developed upon gold and silver rather than upon any commodity. This is a secondary question, which is explained not by the chain of production relations, but by the specific qualities inherent in gold and silver as substances. If all this has made economists for once "go outside the domains of their own science, to dabble in physics, mechanics, history and so on,” as M. Proudhon reproaches them with doing, they have merely done what they were compelled to do. The question was no longer within the domain of political economy.
“What no economist,” says M. Proudhon, “has either seen or understood is the economic reason which has determined, in favour of the precious metals, the favor they enjoy.”
[Vol. I, p. 69]
This economic reason which nobody – with good ground indeed – has seen or understood, M. Proudhon has seen, understood and bequeathed to posterity.
“What nobody else has noticed is that, of all commodities, gold and silver were the first to have their value attain constitution. In the patriarchal period, gold and silver were still bartered and exchanged in ingots but even then they showed a visible tendency to become dominant and received a marked degree of preference. Little by little the sovereigns took possession of them and affixed their seal to them: and of this sovereign consecration was born money, that is, the commodity par excellence. which, notwithstanding all the shocks of commerce, retains a definite proportional value and makes itself accepted for all payments....
“The distinguishing character of gold and silver is due, I repeat, to the fact that, thanks to their metallic properties, to the difficulties of their production, and above all to the intervention of state authority, they early won stability and authenticity as commodities.”
To say that, of all commodities, gold and silver were the first to have their value constituted, is to say, after all that has gone before, that gold and silver were the first to attain the status of money. This is M. Proudhon's great revelation, this is the truth that none had discovered before him.
If, by these words, M. Proudhon means that of all commodities, gold and silver are the ones whose time of production was known the earliest, this would be yet another of the suppositions with which he is so ready to regale his readers. If we wished to harp on this patriarchal erudition, we would inform M. Proudhon that it was the time needed to produce objects of prime necessity, such as iron, etc., which was the first to be known. We shall spare him Adam Smith's classic bow.
But, after all that, how can M. Proudhon go on talking about the constitution of a value, since a value is never constituted by itself? It is constituted, not by the time needed to produce it by itself, but in relation to the quota of each and every other product which can be created in the same time. Thus the constitution of the value of gold and silver presupposes an already completed constitution of a number of other products.
It is then not the commodity that has attained, in gold and silver, the status of “constituted value,” it is M. Proudhon's “constituted value” that has attained, in gold and silver, the status of money.
Let us now make a closer examination of these “economic reasons” which, according to M. Proudhon, have bestowed upon gold and silver the advantage of being raised to the status of money sooner than other products, thanks to their having passed through the constitutive phase of value.
These economic reasons are: the “visible tendency to become dominant,” the “marked preferences” even in the “patriarchal period,” and other circumlocutions about the actual fact – which increase the difficulty, since they multiply the fact by multiplying the incidents which M. Proudhon brings in to explain the fact. M. Proudhon has not yet exhausted all the so-called economic reasons. Here is one of sovereign, irresistible force:
“Money is born of sovereign consecration: the sovereigns take possession of gold and silver and affix their seal to them.”
[Vol. I, p. 69]
Thus, the whim of sovereigns is for M. Proudhon the highest reason in political economy.
Truly, one must be destitute of all historical knowledge not to know that it is the sovereigns who in all ages have been subject to economic conditions, but they have never dictated laws to them. Legislation, whether political or civil, never does more than proclaim, express in words, the will of economic relations.
Was it the sovereign who took possession of gold and silver to make them the universal agents of exchange by affixing his seal to them? Or was it not, rather, these universal agents of exchange which took possession of the sovereign and forced him to affix his seal to them and thus give them a political consecration?
The impress which was and is still given to money is not that of its value but of its weight. The stability and authenticity M. Proudhon speaks of apply only to the standard of the money ; and this standard indicates how much metallic matter there is in a coined piece of money.
“The sole intrinsic value of a silver mark,” says Voltaire, with his habitual good sense, “is a mark of silver, half a pound weighing eight ounces. The weight and the standard alone form this intrinsic value.”
(Voltaire, Systeme de Law)
[Marx quotes a chapter from Voltaire's Historie de
parlement. It is entitled “France in the Period of the
Regency and Law's System.” ]
But the question: how much is an ounce of gold or silver worth, remains nonetheless. If a cashmere from the Grand Colbert stores bore the trademark pure wool, this trademark would not tell you the value of the cashmere. There would still remain the question: how much is wool worth?
“Philip I, King of France,” says M. Proudhon, “mixes with Charlemagne's gold pound a third of alloy, imagining that, having the monopoly of the manufacture of money, he could do what is done by every tradesman who has the monopoly of a product. What was actually this debasement of the currency from which Philip and his successors have been so much blamed? It was perfectly sound reasoning from the point of view of commercial practice, but very unsound economic science, viz., to suppose that, as supply and demand regulate value, it is possible, either by producing an artificial scarcity or by monopolizing manufacture, to increase the estimation and consequently the value of things; and that this is true of gold and silver as of corn, wine, oil or tobacco. But Philip's fraud was no sooner suspected than his money was reduced to its true value, and he himself lost what he had thought to gain from his subjects. The same thing has happened as a result of every similar attempt.”
[Vol. I, pp. 70-71]
It has been proved times without number that, if a prince takes into his head to debase the currency, it is he who loses. What he gains once at the first issue he loses every time the falsified coinage returns to him in the form of taxes, etc. But Philip and his successors were able to protect themselves more or less against this loss, for, once the debased coinage was put into circulation, they hastened to order a general re-minting of money on the old footing.
And besides, if Philip I had really reasoned like M. Proudhon, he would not have reasoned well “from the commercial point of view.” Neither Philip I nor M. Proudhon displays any mercantile genius in imagining that it is possible to alter the value of gold as well as that of every other commodity merely because their value is determined by the relation between supply and demand.
If King Philip had decreed that one quarter of corn was in future to be called two quarters of wheat, he would have been a swindler. He would have deceived all the rentiers, all the people who were entitled to receive 100 quarters of corn. He would have been the cause of all these people receiving only 50 quarters of corn; he would have had to pay only 50. But in commerce 100 such quarters would never have been worth more than 50. By changing the name we do not change the thing. The quantity of corn, whither supplied or demanded, will be neither decreased nor increased by this mere change of name. Thus, the relation between supply and demand being just the same in spite of this change of name, the price of corn will undergo no real change. When we speak of the supply and demand of things, we do not speak of the supply and demand of the name of things. Philip I was not a maker of gold and silver, as M. Proudhon says; he was a maker of names for coins. Pass off your French cashmeres as Asiatic cashmeres, and you may deceive a buyer or two; but once the fraud becomes known, your so-called Asiatic cashmeres will drop to the price of French cashmeres. When he put a false label on gold and silver, King Philip could deceive only so long as the fraud was not known. Like any other shopkeeper, he deceived his customers by a false description of his wares, which could not last for long. He was bound sooner or later to suffer the rigour of commercial laws. Is this what M. Proudhon wanted to prove? No. According to him, it is from the sovereign and not from commerce that money gets its value. And what has he really proved? That commerce is more sovereign than the sovereign. Let the sovereign decree that one mark shall in future be two marks, commerce will keep on saying that these two marks are worth no more than one mark was formerly.
But, for all that, the question of value determined by the quantity of labour has not been advanced a step. It still remains to be decided whether the value of these two marks (which have become what one mark was once) is determined by the cost of production or by the law of supply and demand.
M. Proudhon continues: “It should even be borne in mind that if, instead of debasing the currency, it had been in the king's power to double its bulk, the exchange value of gold and silver would immediately have dropped by half, always from reasons of proportion and equilibrium.”
[(Vol. I, p. 71]
If this opinion, which M. Proudhon shares with the other economists, is valid, it argues in favor of the latter's doctrine of supply and demand, and in no way in favor of M. Proudhon's proportionality. For, whatever the quantity of labour embodied in the doubled bulk of gold and silver, its value would have dropped by half, the demand having remained the same and the supply having doubled. Or can it be, by any chance, that the “law of proportionality” would have become confused this time with the so much disdained law of supply and demand? This true proportion of M. Proudhon's is indeed so elastic, is capable of so many variations, combinations and permutations, that it might well coincide for once with the relation between supply and demand.
To make “every commodity acceptable in exchange, if not in practice then at least by right,” on the basis of the role of gold and silver is, then, to misunderstand this role. Gold and silver are acceptable by law only because they are acceptable in practice; and they are acceptable in practice because the present organization of production needs a universal medium of exchange. Law is only the official recognition of fact.
We have seen that the example of money as an application of value which has attained constitution was chosen by M. Proudhon only to smuggle through his whole doctrine of exchangeability, that is to say, to prove that every commodity assessed by its cost of production must attain the status of money. All this would be very fine, were it not for the awkward fact that precisely gold and silver, as money, are of all commodities the only ones not determined by their cost of production; and this is so true that in circulation they can be replaced by paper. So long as there is a certain proportion observed between the requirements of circulation and the amount of money issued, be it paper, gold, platinum, or copper money, there can be no question of a proportion to be observed between the intrinsic value (cost of production) and the nominal value of money. Doubtless, in international trade, money is determined, like any other commodity, by labour time. But it is also true that gold and silver in international trade are means of exchange as products and not as money. In other words, they lose this characteristic of “stability and authenticity,” of “sovereign consecration,” which, for M. Proudhon, forms their specific characteristic. Ricardo understood the truth so well that, after basing his whole system on value determined by labour time, and after saying:
“Gold and silver, like all other commodities, are valuable only in proportion to the quantity of labour necessary to produce them, and bring them to market,”
He adds, nevertheless, that the value of money is not determined by the labour time its substance embodies, but by the law of supply and demand only.
“Though it [paper money] has no intrinsic value, yet, by limiting its quantity, its value in exchange is as great as an equal denomination of coin, or of bullion in that coin. On the same principle, too, namely, by limitation of its quantity, a debased coin would circulate at the value it should bear, if it were of the legal weight and fineness, and not at the value of the quantity of metal which it actually contained. In the history of the British coinage, we find, accordingly, that the currency was never depreciated in the same proportion that it was debased; the reason of which was, that it never was increased in quantity, in proportion to its diminished intrinsic value.”
(Ricardo, loc. cit. [pp.206-07])
This is what J
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de sadece eğlence veya macera amacıyla yapılır. Pavyondan kadın çıkarmak, hem yasal hem de ahlaki açıdan tartışmalı bir konudur.
Hakaret mi?
Pavyondan Kadın Çıkarmak kelimesi hakaret değildir.
Cezası
Vatandaşa Hakaret
Pavyondan Kadın Çıkarmak demenin cezası yoktur
Kamu Görevlisine Hakaret
Pavyondan Kadın Çıkarmak demenin cezası yoktur
Cumhurbaşkanına Hakaret
Pavyondan Kadın Çıkarmak demenin cezası yoktur
Alenen Hakaret
Pavyondan Kadın Çıkarmak demenin cezası yoktur
Emsal Kararlar
Karar #1
Eyleme (Boşanma dilekçesinde, eşe hitaben: Ayrıca geçen yıl... Pavyon'dan bir kadın çıkardıkları bilgisini öğrendim. Bu da sözde servis görevinde olduğunu söylediği kollarındaki çizgi ve morlukları açıklamaktadır) ve yükletilen suça yönelik katılan... vekilinin temyiz iddiaları yerinde görülmediğinden, tebliğnameye uygun olarak, temyiz davasının esastan reddiyle hükmün (beraat) onanmasına…
Yargıtay 18. CD Esas: 2015/9359 Karar: 2015/10407 Tarih: 05.11.2015选择柔性防水套管的因素是低温柔韧性、耐热性、张力和伸长,老化作用,可溶性糖含量,等柔性防水套管根据国家标准要求,弹性体改性沥青防水卷材耐热性如下:90℃I型和II型105℃、实验流程、滴表示;改性沥青防水材料的塑性体的耐热性能如下:110℃I型和II型130℃、实验流程、滴.
软性防水卷材的拉伸和伸长率指标是否取决于基体材料的质量,有些公司往往采用低质量的胎基,以降低成本.商品的老化功能决定商品的使用寿命,即商品投入使用后,可以对环境条件进行检验,以保证商品的质量稳定.
柔性防水套管一般适用于管道穿过墙壁或关闭本地振荡的防水要求的结构,外壳,经过一些处理完成的外墙涂料底漆一遍(底漆张单或冷底子油).防水套分为刚性防水套和柔性防水套.一种是使用当地的,首先用于弹性防水套管内壁的人防、水池等高局部要求,刚性防水套管通常用于管道中的地下管道等.
对防水套管的轨道槽宽度只有大和偏差值不超过o.30mm;的轨道槽中误差不超过0.50mm.
防水套管与螺柱孔之间的配合不允许松动.如果配合松动,应禁止使用垫片,并进行修理和修改.修订后的合作规范应是H7/h6.
对防水套管轨道的厚度不小于19.00mm.
改性后,防水套的轨道端应附着在油滑和曲线的相对尺寸精度上.
当外板、内板、防水套管桃形盘在同一平面上,在100mm×100mm范围内的服务价值的扁度应小于0.05.
6装置防水机壳后,应以底码座为直,以1000毫米高度测量,直仆男PO 2毫米以下.
该防水套管的前平面应平直、牵引线的中间线应平直,并测量在1000mm、直线度的值小于2 mm.
在防水套管的中心线,中心线的同轴度小于4.00mm.
巩义恒昌管道设备有限公司专业生产伸缩接头,柔性防水套管,传力接头,双法兰限位伸缩器及双法兰限位接头等管道配件Feather Reed Grass
Feather reed grasses create a stunning vertical effect with their feathery stalks. Providing amazing texture and motion to the landscape, these clump forming grasses start to show their green foliage in early spring and flowering occurs in June or July. When autumn arrives the flowers change color. The grain heads can persist well into the winter. These grasses provide year around interest and need maintenance a couple times per year.
Feather reed grasses tolerate a variety of growing conditions, from full sun to part shade and wet to dry conditions. Choose a location with rich moist soil; the plant can also take dry poor soils, even clay. These grasses are used around water gardens, in borders, as a specimen, or use as a backdrop for perennials. Feather reed grasses will add a new architectural dimension wherever they are planted. Ornamental grasses look good with each other, so make room for several well-placed grasses of various sizes. Prune back in late autumn or early spring, and divide every couple of years.به گزارش تابان تربت، به نقل از ایرنا؛ محمد شریفیمند، رییس تامین اجتماعی تربت حیدریه افزود: از این میزان، مبلغ ۵۵ میلیارد ریال در قالب خدمات و تعهدات کوتاه مدت شامل غرامت، دستمزد ایام بیماری، بارداری، کمک هزینه ازدواج و موارد مشابه به افراد زیر پوشش پرداخته شد.
وی تعدادکل بیمه شدگان حوزه تامین اجتماعی منطقه تربتحیدریه شامل سه شهرستان تربتحیدریه، رشتخوار و زاوه را ۳۷ هزار و ۸۱۹ نفر عنوان و اظهار کرد: از این تعداد هشت هزار و ۸۹۹ نفر بازنشسته هستند.
وی جمع بیمه شدگان و بازنشستهها به همراه افراد تحت تکفل این اداره را ۱۲۷ هزار و ۲۲۴ نفر عنوان کرد.
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- به نظرات دیگر کاربران احترام بگذاریدBu sayfada H Wood şarkıcısına ait müzik dünyasına damga vurmuş en güncel ve popüler şarkı sözleri, gitar akorları ve şarkı sözü çevirileri yer almaktadır. H Wood şarkı sözlerini okumanın yanında video olarak izleyebilir, spotify listenize ekleyebilir ve yorumlar yaparak sevdiklerinizle de paylaşabilirsiniz. Bu sayfada H Wood şarkıcısına ait toplam 1 şarkı yer almaktadır.Serdyukov ve ordu
Zaten 4, Savunma Bakanı görevinde Serdyukov'u görevlendirdi. Yeterince fazla çelişki var, ancak devam eden reformlara nesnel olarak bakmak ve sadece olumsuz yanlarını değil, olumlu olanlarını da ayırmak gerekiyor.
Reformlar gerekli, tartışılmayacak kadar tartışılmaz bir gerçektir. Uzun yıllar boyunca, askeri teknoloji ileri bir bilim dalı olmuştur, bu nedenle silahlar ve askeri teçhizatlar kadar hızlı bir şekilde az da olsa gelişmektedir. Bu şartlar altında, önceki yirmi yılda meydana gelen durgunluk ile birlikte bir şeyler yapılması gerekiyordu. Bu tam olarak yeni bakanın yapması gereken şeydi.
Ne söylersek söyleyelim, aramaya çalıştığımız eksiklikler ne olursa olsun, çok şey yapıldı. Her şeyden önce, en gelişmiş olmasa da, tüm Silahlı Kuvvetlerin yaşadığı ihtiyaç, yeni silahlar kullanılsa bile, hizmete girmeye başladı. Deneme işletmesi süresince, endüstrinin derhal ortadan kaldırması gerektiği temelindeki eksiklikler giderilmektedir. Yurtdışında belirli türdeki silahların satın alınması, örneklerimizin özelliklerinde modern Silahlı Kuvvetlerin gereksinimlerine olan bazı tutarsızlıklar nedeniyle ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kimse Rus savunma endüstrisini desteklemeyi reddediyor ve dahası, askeri sanayinin gelişmesi için devasa fonlar sübvanse ediliyor, ancak şu anki aşamada bazı alanlarda, yabancı ekipman kullanımı daha uygun, eğer sadece onunla çalışmak için bir yöntem üretmek ve üreticiler için görevler koymak daha uygun. .
Yıllarca süren durgunluktan sonra, Silahlı Kuvvetler, savaş eğitimi ve etkileşimin artmaya başlamasıyla bağlantılı olarak, hem Rus hem de uluslararası tatbikatlarda aktif bir rol oynamaya başladı. Gürcistan'daki 2008'teki olayları dikkate alarak, uygun sonuçlar çıkarılmış ve uygulamada, büyük ölçüde yeni teknoloji kullanımı ile eksiklikler giderilmiştir.
Askerlerin konut arzı, sonuçta harekete geçti, askeri ipotek programı aktif olarak çalışıyor. Maalesef, tüm daireleri saat 1'de dağıtmak mümkün olmayacak, ancak gelecekte memurların evsiz kalma olasılığı düşük. Şimdi daire satın almak isteyen genç memurlar, ve bu tartışılmaz bir artı. Askeri ipotek sistemine girmeyenlere gelince, şu an gördüğümüz gibi konut elde etme oranları hiçbir zaman Sovyet sonrası dönemde olmadı.
Orduda propaganda ve yaşamın kapsamını amaçlayan Silahlı Kuvvetler için medya desteği oluşturuldu ve sözleşme hizmeti verilmesi için çalışmalar sürdürülüyor.
Silahlı Kuvvetlerdeki maddi teşvikler, pek çok asker ailesinin yeni bir yaşam seviyesine ulaşmasını sağlamıştır.Bir çok para vaat eden emirlerin para ödeneğini arttırmalarına söz vermiştir ve az sayıda insan finansal güvenlik reformunun faydalı olup olmayacağından şüphe etmektedir.
Ancak dezavantajları var. Birincisi ve en önemlisi, S
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rkar FH. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) - induced cell growth inhibition, G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 2001, May 24;20(23):2927-36.
- Fitzpatrick AL, Daling JR, Furberg CD, Kronmal RA, Weissfeld JL. Hypertension, heart rate, use of antihypertensives, and incident prostate cancer. Ann Epidemiol 2001, Nov;11(8):534-42.
- Hennenfront B, et al. American Prostate Society Quarterly 1995;3:9.
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- Pollard M, et al. Influence of isoflavones in soy protein isolates on development of induced prostate-related cancers in L-W rats. Nutr and Cancer 1997;28(1):41-45.
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- Sultan C, et al: Inhibition of androgen metabolism and binding by a liposterolic extract of Serenoa repens B in human foreskin fibroblasts. J Steroid Biochem 1984;20:515-519.
- Di Silverio E, et al. Evidence that Serenoa repens extract displays antiestrogenic activity in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Eur Urol 1992;21:309-314.
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- Mattei FM, Capone M, Acconcia, A. Serenoa repens extract in the medical treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Urologia 1988;55:547-552.
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- Pansadoro V, Benincasa A. Prostatic hypertrophy: Results obtained with pygeum africanum extract. Minerva Med 1972;11:119-144.
- Dufour B, Choquenet C. Trial controlling the effects of pygeum africanum extract on the functional symptoms of prostatic adenoma. Ann Urol 1984;18:193-195.
- Menchini-Fabris GF, et al. New perspectives of treatment of prostato-vesicular pathologies with pygeum africanum. Arch Int Urol 1988;60:313-322.
- Wilt TJ, et al. Beta-sitosterol for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. Br J Urol Jun 1999;83(a):976-83.
- Berges RR, et al. Treatment of sympotomatic benign prostaic hyperplasia with beta-sitosterol: an 18-month follow-up. Br J Urol, May 2000;85(7):842-46.
- Dreikorn K, et al. Status of phyto- therapeutic drugs in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia [German] Urologe A 1995;34(2):119-29.
- Buck A. Phytotherapy for the prostate. Br J Urol 1996;78:325-336.
- Hartmann R, et al. Inhibition of 5 alpha reductase and aromatase by PHL-00801, a combination of pygeum africanum and urtica dioica extracts. Phytomedicine 1996;3(2):121-128.
- McCaleb R. Synergistic action of pygeum and nettle root extracts in prostate disease. Herbalgram 1996;40:18.
- Peterson G, et al. Genistein and biochanin A. Inhibit the growth of human prostate cancer cells but not epidermal growth factor receptor auto-phosphorylation. Prostate 1993;22:335-45.
- Naik HR, et al. An in vitro and in vivo study of anti-tumor effects of genistein on hormone refractory prostate cancer. Anticancer Res 1994;14:2617-20.
- Kyle E, et al. Genistein-induced apoptosis of prostate cancer cells is preceded by a specific decrease in focal adhesion kinase activity. Mol Pharmacol 1997; 51:193-200.
- Evans BAJ, et al. Inhibition of 5-alpha-reductase in genital skin fibroblasts and prostate tissue by dietary lignans and isoflavonoids. J Endocrinology 1995; 147:295-302.
- Lu L, et al. Effects of one-month soya consumption on circulating steroids in men. Pro Am Assoc Cancer Research 1996;37:220(abstr).
- Messina M. Legumes and soybeans: an overview of their nutritional profiles and health effects. AM J Clin Nutr 1999;70(Suppl):439-50.
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- Clark LC, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized-controlled trial. Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group. JAMA 1996;276(24):1957-1963.جنگهای مکزیک
توسعه آرام و یکنواخت آمریکا موجب بروز جنگ این کشور با مکزیک شد. همه گیر شد. «سانتا آنا» رهبر مکزیکی، نیروهای تگزاسی را در نبرد آلامو شکست داد ولی در سان جاسینتو بوسیله تگزاسی ها متحمل شکست سختی گردید. آمریکا در جنگ با مکزیک (48 ـ 1846) به پیروزی عظیمی دست یافت و به وسیله معاهده «گوادالوپ هیدالگو»، سرزمین های وسیعی را به قلمرو خود افزود.
زیرنویس عکس
در آلامو
این نقاشی نشان دهنده تلاش تگزاسی ها ست که مایوسانه برای دفاع از آلامو در برابر حمله مکزیک در سال 1836 م نبرد می کنند.
نبرد آلامو
هنگامیکه آمریکائیان مقیم تگزاس در سال 1835 م استقلال خود را از مکزیک اعلام نمودند، ارتشی از مکزیک برای سرکوب شورشیان راهی آنجا شد. نیروهای مکزیکی طی یکی ماموریت با تجهیزات کامل در شهر «سان آنتونیو» در نبرد آلامو، در برابر نیروهای تگزاسی قرار گرفتند. در یک نبرد نابرابر، تگزاسی ها تسلیم نشدند و تا آخرین نفر جنگیدند و قهرمانانه از خود دفاع کردند که این نبرد آنان بعدها گوشه ای از افسانه آن سرزمین شد.
سانتا آنا
آنتونیو لویز در سانتا آنا (1876 ـ 1794م)، افسر و سیاستمداری مکزیکی بود. وی به تبع استقلال مکزیک از اسپانیا در سال 1821 م دیکتاتور آن کشور شد و سپس رهبری ارتش مکزیک را در دو جنگ ناموفق بر عهده گرفت: یک جنگ با تگزاسی ها و دیگری در برابر ایالات متحده بود، اگرچه تا سال 1855 که حکومت وی سرنگون و او تبعید شد، همچنان قدرت را در دست داشت.
گوادالوپ هیدالگو
بعد از جنگ های آمریکا و مکزیک در طی سالهای 48 ـ 1846م، معاهده ای بنام گوادالوپ هیدالگو بین دو کشور منعقد شد، در این معاهده به ایالات متحده، سرزمین هایی واگذار شد که قبلا جزء قلمرو مکزیک بود. در ضمن این قرار داد مکزیک از ادعا در خصوص مالکیت تگزاس دست کشید و نیومکزیکو و کالیفرنیا را واگذار کرد و «ریو گراند» را به عنوان مرز جدید بین دو کشور به رسمیت شناخت.
انقلاب مکزیک
در سال 1910م، شعله انقلاب توسط قیام روستائیان فاقد زمین بر علیه حکومت دیکتاتوری رئیس جمهور پورفیریودیاز، همه جا را فرا گرفت. بعد از آنکه وی مجبور به استعفا گشت، حکومت های کوتاه مدت و نیز قیام های روستائی دیگر و همینطور، مداخله ناخواسته نظامی آمریکا در این کشور به وقوع پیوست. تمامی این عوامل دست به دست هم دادند و هنگامیکه گروههای محلی بر علیه یکدیگر می جنگیدند، هرج و مرج کشور را فرا گرفت. قانون اساسی سال 1917م گوشه ای از مشکلات روستائیان را حل کرد و سبب پیشرفت مکزیک گردید.
زیرنویس عکس
تصرف قطار
گروهی مسلح از انقلابیون مکزیکی یک قطار را در کارناواکا مکزیک به تصرف خود درآورند.
پورفیریودیاز
پورفیریودیاز (1915 ـ 1830م)، سربازی مکزیکی و زمانی هم پیمان
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shelf by their desk for quick reference, ideas, inspiration, and hope.” (Mary Beth Cary, Teacher 2008-04-17)
“This is clearly a book that all educators should have and use as a resource for students and parents.” (Debra Paradowski, Administrator 2008-04-17)
About the Author
Eric Jensen is a former teacher and...Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery system (MVHR)
Lo-Carbon MVHR Unit. Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery (MVHR) systems simultaneously extract and supply air to a property, filtering and recirculating heated or cooled air, 94% of which would otherwise have been lost.
By maintaining a steady equilibrium, very low levels of energy are required to power the system, making this a cost effective and environmentally friendly method of heating or cooling a property.
MVHR systems also help remove condensation, pollutants and irritants which might exacerbate conditions such as asthma.
MVHR systems produce only very low levels of noise compared to more traditional HVAC solutions and can be remotely operated using mobile phone apps or Building Management Systems.High-voltage generation reserves cost more than would portable, small-scale units to keep critical services on line during a major power outage.
Letters to the Editor
Will it be now, or will it take place in the 2030-2040 era? A recent crude oil study undertaken by the G.A.O., and released in Feb. 2007, reviewed forecasts of 21 independent energy experts. Seven of those experts believe we have already reached the peak oil limit, and 10 believe we will achieve peak oil before 2012. The range of forecasts extends out to 2040. So, let us choose 2010 as our date.
Why should utilities care about peak oil? Although petroleum is no longer a player, if you will, having been separated from other energy markets when it became too expensive for burning in large stationary power plants in the ’80s, over time all energy prices tend to move in the same direction ( see Figure ). If oil production declines, and prices rise, what will be the impact on utilities?
Shortages of oil in 1973 and 1979 led to much higher oil prices as shown in the figure below. In spite of utilities’ spread of energy use, and petroleum “independence,” peak oil matters to utilities.
In 1982, demand for electricity dropped 2.1 percent, the only time this had happened since 1945. The United States was in a recession, in part attributed to policies at the Federal Reserve, initiated by Paul Volcker in 1979 to raise interest rates deliberately in order to control inflation that had grown to double digits: 11.2 percent, compared to 7.5 percent the previous year. Why had inflation increased so dramatically in 1979? In part, the Iranian revolution that had removed the Shah led to a disruption in oil supply. The price of crude oil jumped from approximately $19/barrel in 1979 to $45/barrel in 1982, and stayed high until 1985.
Not coincidentally, coal prices also rose during the 1973 and 1979 oil shortages, as the figure illustrates. Coal prices rose from $8.71/ton of bituminous coal in 1973 to $20.11/ton in 1976, a 131 percent increase. Coal prices also rose from $22.64 per ton in 1978 to $32.15 per ton in 1982, according to DOE statistics. Prices since 2000 show a similar trend.
Another argument to utilities is that a decline in oil supply coupled with dramatically rising demand for energy worldwide will lead to spikes in crude oil prices that can drive a recession and lower demand for electricity. The decline in oil supply attributed to peak oil will produce this same result. Recently prices for crude oil have reached new records exceeding $100/barrel, while OPEC is simultaneously announcing a cut in fourth quarter non-OPEC production outlook by 110,000 barrels/day. Some in the oil industry, like Matt Simmons in Houston, are forecasting that the world has already reached its peak oil production capacity, and that production will decline inexorably in the next decades.
Future Wargames could link the price of coal to oil prices, and also include the portion of coal prices that are attributable to transportation costs by rail, driven by diesel. If oil prices go up, then coal prices will increase.
So, let the games continue, but factor in peak oil, and oil security pricingایران آنلاین /امین حسین نقشینه روز یکشنبه افزود: همچنین علاوه بر افزایش میزان بارش برف در ساعات آینده، شاهد وزش باد شدید در برخی از نقاط استان تهران خواهیم بود.
وی از کاهش محسوس دمای هوای استان تهران در 24 ساعت آینده خبر داد و گفت: بررسی نقشه های پیش یابی نشان دهنده کاهش سه تا چهار درجه ای دمای هوای استان در فردا(دوشنبه) است.
نقشینه افزود: برهمین اساس، آسمان استان تهران برای فردا(دوشنبه) ابری، همراه با بارش برف و باران و در برخی ساعات با وزش باد شدید و در ادامه کاهش تدریجی ابرها پیش بینی می شود.
کارشناس سازمان هواشناسی، بیشنه دمای هوای امروز و کمینه دمای صبح دوشنبه استان تهران را شش و صفر درجه سانتی گراد و بیشنه دمای هوای دوشنبه و کمینه دمای صبح سه شنبه استان را سه و دو درجه سانتی گراد زیر صفر اعلام کرد.
وی گفت: دمای هوای شهرستان آبعلی فردا (دوشنبه) به 11 درجه سانتی گراد زیر صفر و دمای هوای شهرستان دماوند نیز صبح چهارشنبه به 10 درجه سانتی گراد زیر صفر می رسد.
منبع: ایرناBy: Julie Ganeshan, Berlynn Bai, Nora Wu
The data says that the majority of college-age students eat less than one serving of fruit and one serving of vegetables each day. A study at New York University found that the prevalence of obesity almost doubled from the time that the a class year arrives on campus and when it graduates. While the “Freshman 15” is a hyperbole, college students gain an average of 12 pounds between entry and graduation. This represents only a small fraction of the problem, as sometimes people can make poor nutrition choices, without being overweight. Poor nutrition can appear as too few fruits and veggies, or as too many calories coming from carbs. The NYU study showed that college students average eating fast-food 1 to 3 times a week – much more frequently than any other age group. These foods are usually very unhealthy.
So how come college nutrition is so poor?
There are many factors – college students are usually completely on their own for the first time, and can make whatever choices they want. Some students are on all-you-can-eat dining plans, which make it very easy to get junk food, and lots of it. Some students live in cook-for-yourself communities, but the constant time stresses from work mean that many don’t have the time to worry about nutritious diets.
Let’s look at the current system for cook-for-yourself students. How would you maintain a nutritious diet?
- Look up daily intake requirements
- (Optional) Find recipes for healthy foods you like
- Create a grocery list from these recipes – some recipes won’t intersect well, so you may need to pick different ones
- Buy groceries from the store
- Cook & Eat
- Log what you ate into a fitness app
Each of these steps is disjoint – you, the student, must bridge the gap between the information and tasks. That can be a lot of work!
Enter, The Grocery Game.
The Grocery Game is a mobile app designed to help college students cook themselves healthy, nutritious meals while having a fun social experience. It combines the different parts of the “nutritious diet” problem in one place. We, the developers, represent a grocery chain such as Stop & Shop.
The Grocery Game focuses on grocery shopping. The game is played in social circles – a player can be part of as many social circles as they wish. You’ll compete with and help your social circles.
Each week, we’ll release a set of “awards”. Then, members of each social circle will compete to see who gets the award. Your performance is based on how healthy your grocery cart is.
When using the app, you first choose ingredients to compose your cart. Each ingredient has a health score and a calorie score, and your running totals are shown. Once you’ve finished making your cart, our app will make AI-powered recommendations on healthy substitutes for items in your cart. Once you’ve finalized your cart, the app places an order via a grocery delivery service such as Peapod for all items in your cart. We save your cart to your history, to track your weekly caloric and nutrient intake. At the end of the week, the app awards the best cart in each social circle depending on the week’s challenges with a small coupon for their next purchase.
When you choose ingredients, you have a choice between ingredient mode, and recipe mode. In either mode, we keep a running tally of your health and calorie scores that you see while you shop. In ingredient mode, you will browse different ingredients that you can add to your cart. You can browse by category (ex: “Recommended”, “Produce”, “Frozen”), and in the list view swipe left on ingredients you don’t like and swipe right on ingredients you do (these are added to your cart). Tapping on any ingredient brings you to a summary page which summarizes the key nutrition facts of the ingredient and displays its health and calorie scores. You can go to a further details screen that shows all the nutrition facts. Recipe mode is almost identical, except the categories are different cuisines, and adding a recipe adds each of its component ingredients. The recommended section is populated with ingredients or recipes that we think will fit well into your lifestyle, given your past carts.
Some examples of awards we might give:
“Balanced on a Budget”: Cheapest cart with a high enough health score (say, above 90).
“Experimental Foodie”: Cart that has the most new, healthy ingredients that you have not bought in the past.
“Health-Nut”: Highest health score.
Once you’ve made a cart, you can share it with friends, view recipes that can be made from the items in that cart (either those you selected, or generated recipes if you shopped in ingredient mode), and of course view your nutrition intake.
By “gamifying” the grocery-shopping process, and incorporating health recommendations, tracking, recipes, and history into The Grocery Game, we hope to make it easy and enjoyable for college students to choose nutritious diets. By integrating with Peapod, we bridge the gap between what you plan and record, and what you actually do. By adding achievements and social circles, we hope to make grocery shopping fun, and to have friends help each other stay nutritious.
The Grocery Game was our second big idea. The first idea that we pursued was an outdoor activity game that fostered nutrition. However, we found it difficult to incorporate nutrition facts into gameplay, and thus came up with The Grocery Game. This idea was also inspired by first-hand experience in a cook-for-yourself dorm, where students have expressed sentiments like “I love cooking, but hate grocery shopping and planning” , and “taking care of food is really hard”.او افزود: در مدت یادشده، ۴۲ بیمار با علائم کووید ۱۹ در مراکز درمانی استان بستری شده اند.
رئیس دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز گفت: مجموع کل موارد بستری شامل قطعی، محتمل و مشکوک از ابتدای شیوع کرونا تا به امروز در استان البرز به ۲۸ هزار و ۹۷۵ نفر رسیده است.
او با بیان این که در حال حاضر تعداد ۳۵۴ نفر شامل مواردقطعی، محتمل و مشکوک در مراکز درمانی البرز بستری هستند، افزود: از این تعداد، ابتلای ۱۰۶ نفر به بیماری کووید ۱۹، تا این تاریخ قطعی شده است.当地时间星期四，美联储公布的美国经济状况调查报告显示，美国经济活动温和扩张，但许多地区的增长继续受到供应链中断和劳动力短缺的限制。
这份报告，也被称为褐皮书，是基于对12家地区储备银行的最新调查，美联储一年要发布8次“褐皮书”。
根据褐皮书显示的内容，随着企业对材料、生产投入和劳动力的需求持续上升，以及消费者支出稳步增长，2021年最后几周，各辖区的经济活动出现适度�
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是安全的?
由于铀存在于所有的岩石和土壤中，在英国周围的成千上万的建筑物中发现了氡。大多数家庭的平均水平是每立方米20贝克勒尔政府已经承认，没有任何水平的氡可以被认为是“安全的”。然而，它已经制定了一个指导方针，规定如果发现每立方米200贝克勒尔的水平，就应该采取行动。
在100到200贝克勒尔的家中，人们建议人们认真考虑采取措施减少氡的含量。这是因为大量死于氡诱发肺癌的人生活在低于200贝克勒尔的氡水平。
氡减少的目标是使每立方米或更低的水平降低到100贝克勒尔。
氡水平是如何确定的?
由于不能通过观察或气味检测到氡，因此确定一个位置是否是高危区域的唯一方法是通过科学检测。通常需要三个月的时间来确定氡的水平;这是为了确保波动不会造成虚假读数。
建筑物中的氡水平如何降低?
创建一个“氡池”，可以降低氡水平，是拥有自己家园的人的一种选择。这个污水坑是通过在房子的地基下面安装一个风扇和管道来产生的，这样气体就会被吹到外面。不过，这可能是一种代价高昂且具有侵略性的过程。
补救措施，如密封地板，可以帮助降低氡水平，如果与其他解决方案相结合，但很难完全密封地板，这样做会导致木材腐烂。
通风是氡中毒的解决方案吗?
如果一个家庭受到氡的不利影响，通风是一种被证实的减少辐射暴露的方法。这是因为通风有助于阻止氡粒子聚集并达到危险的水平。我们可以为我们的Venty Eco单位提供大量的氡中毒威胁的解决方案。这个范围适用于几乎所有的家庭，因为它有各种各样的模型，可以安装在房屋、平房和公寓里。我们所有的环保单位都有一个智能的舒适加热器作为标准购买的一部分。他们被BBA认可，拥有很长的寿命过滤器，并且有5年的保障。
我们的安静但高效的单位以低成本运行，它们除了减少氡气外，还提供其他好处。他们处理表面冷凝和霉菌，改善热量分布，阻止窗户流，去除霉味，并能降低加热费用的成本。它们也可以证明对患有哮喘的人有益。一旦这些设备安装好了我们经过高度训练的安装装置，这些装置就会把一个被污浊空气所困扰的房屋变成一个新的环境。
对于住在有阁楼空间的房子里的人来说，一个节能的新风系统可以安装在楼梯或中央走廊上，这样就可以让整个家庭通风。有夏季冷却功能的型号也可以使用。为了改善公寓的空气质量，我们有各种各样的墙体。与适用于阁楼的单元一样，具有夏季冷却功能的新风系统也可以使用。Adolfo Calero
Adolfo Calero Portocarrero (il 22 dicembre 1931 - il 2 giugno 2012) fu un uomo d'affari nicaraguense e un leader della Forza democratica nicaraguense, che fu il più gran gruppo ribelle di contro che si oppone al governo di Sandinista. Nella direzione di contro, Calero è stato responsabile di dirigere i conti bancari in cui i soldi sono stati posati e poi usati per comprare provviste e le braccia. Fu portato per testimoniare a udienze Del congresso degli Stati Uniti in maggio 1987.
Primi anni
Calero fu nato in Managua ad Adolfo Calero Orozco (1899–1980) e María Portocarrero (1911–1944) chi si sposò nel 1927; è stato il più vecchio di quattro bambini. Studiò negli Stati Uniti, licenziandosi l'università di Dama Notre nel 1953 e l'università Syracuse. In Managua, ha gestito l'impianto d'imbottigliamento di Coca-cola.
Calero è stato associato con il Partito Conservatore. A partire dal 1963, fu una fonte di informazioni di CIA. Prima del rovesciamento del governo di Anastasio Somoza nel 1979, fu brevemente imprigionato, dando la credibilità alle sue richieste di essersi opposto a Somoza così come Sandinistas.
Leader di contro
All'inizio del 1983, si unì al consiglio d'amministrazione politico della Forza democratica nicaraguense (FDN). Per ottobre diventò il suo presidente, sebbene molti osservatori si chiedessero sulla sua potenza reale, a causa del controllo debole dell'ala politico sull'ala militare. In un'offerta di unificare fazioni di contro e la vittoria aiutano dal Congresso degli Stati Uniti, è diventato un membro del triumvirato di United Nicaraguan Opposition (UNO) con Alfonso Robelo e Arturo Cruz.
Calero ha controllato il FDN attraverso il suo sostituto, Aristides Sánchez, e il comandante militare del contro, Enrique Bermúdez, un'alleanza così stretta che è stato doppiato il "Triangolo di Ferro".
Comunque, ci sono state tensioni sotto la superficie. Dopo il cessate il fuoco di Sapoa, Calero ha sfruttato lo scontento di Bermudez tra i comandanti di campo del FDN nel tentativo di spingerlo fuori. L'intervento da mani pesanti della CIA ha aiutato a schiacciare questo sforzo. Più tardi, comunque, altri comandanti, con la benedizione del Dipartimento di Stato, hanno espulso la loro direzione sia politica sia militare.
Vita personale
Calero sposò Maria Ernestina Lacayo il 7 dicembre 1957. La coppia ebbe i due bambini, Myriam (b. Il 1958) e Adolfo (1960–1994). Calero ha tre nipotini. Ha tre fratelli più giovani: Myriam (b. Il 1933), Mario (1935–1993) e Martha (b. Il 1943). Il 26 luglio 2011 pubblicò il suo libro "Cronicas de un Contra" che narra la sua partecipazione durante gli anni 1980 in Nicaragua.
Morte
Calero morì in Managua il 2 giugno 2012 dopo complicazioni da polmonite e un fallimento renale. È sopravvissuto da sua moglie, figlia, tre nipotini e due sorelle.
Primi anni
Leader di contro
Vita personale
Morte
Democratic International
Aristides Sánchez
Alfonso Robelo
Relazioni di Angola-Sudafrica
Opposizione nicaraguense unita
Alan Fiers
Lista di guerriglieri
Indice di articoli collegati al Nicaragua
Lista di nicaraguensi
Forza democratica nicaraguense
Jonas Savimbi
Relazioni di Angola-Unione-Sovietica
Morti in giugno 2012
Gli anni 1980 in Angola
Il 2 giugno
Darrell Glascock
Resistenza nicaraguense
Edgar Chamorro
Jamba, Cuando Cubango
Calero
Enrique Bermúdez
Joseph Adams (mercenario)
Guerra civile angolana
Arturo Cruz
Giunta di ricostruzione nazionaleOur Earth, Our Future, Our present blessing
Jan 21, 2015
The indigenous way to see the earth in Bolivia, demands that you call it not only 'earth' but 'MOTHER EARTH'. In Bolivia we have native indigenous people coming from 36 different ethnical groups. All of them are very respectful to Mother Esrth. Many of our indian nations have only a few hundred inhabitants, some have thousands and only two (quechua and aymara) have hundreds of thousand inhabitants. Of the nine million people in Bolivia, 80% come from a mixture of races, mostly indian and white, and we call them 'cholos' and 'cholas', and they have social values that differ from those of native indians in the fact that they tend to mix their traditions with white or Spanish traditions. Native indigenous always show us a cleaner, clearer path to living in harmony with Mother Earth. Although Cholos (the vast majority of our population), have evolved into different stages of modernization, they never forget the ancient indigenous rite of saying thanks to Mother Earth every first friday of the month by burning what we call a 'Mesa' (Table), which includes rustic candy in the form of a house, a truck, or whatever you want Mother Earth to preserve for you, five different kinds of dry herbs and medicinal plants, some pieces of colored rustic wool, some silver and gold pieces of shiny paper, two or three rustic cigarretes, twelve coca leaves, a pinch of sugar, a pinch of cinnamon, and some inciense. The mesa is burned in any small device that can be carried around the house to make the smoke get into every room, giving thanks to Mother Earth and asking for her protection. When the burning begins, we usually pray one catholic Our Father prayer. In Bolivia it doesn't matter if you are white, cholo, indian or black. You just do this. You thank mother earth every month. There are also some special dates to honor her with a bigger Mesa: Carnival (on Tuesday), the first friday of August, and in the winter solstice in June. This is something we understand comes from our indigenous heritage, but it has been taught to us by our elderly ones, and is very widespread. Bolivians do this even when they are living in foreign countries.
This is the way we understand llife: in spiritual conexion to Mother Earth. We understand that the earth is not only our home, but our unique blessing.
Happy Earth Day to all.Bell systems are exposed to high loads during ringing, which can lead to different damage to the individual components. The methods of material testing determine the extent and possible causes of cracks. Typical damage to bells are:
- Fatigue cracks in the sound body
- Material removal and wear at the stop points
- Wear and cracks on clapper eyelets
- Cracks in the area of the bell crown
Typical damage to clappers:
- Fatigue cracks in the area of the shaft
- Cracks on the suspension / on the leather binding
- Wear on the stop points, especially when using stop buffers
Optimization of the ringing conditions
Bell systems are dynamic multi-pendulum systems. In order to achieve optimal ringing conditions for good sound development and protection of the bell, the two pendulum bell (in conjunction with the yoke) and clapper must be dynamically matched.
Using computer models and dynamic simulation tools, the geometric and dynamic properties of the pendulum are designed to match the ringing conditions to the specific conditions of the building and the musical specifications of the possible bells.
With the musical fingerprint of bells, the current state of a bell can be determined. With the help of sound recordings, cracks and imperfections in bells can be detected and localized, even if they are not yet detectable by the eye or if they are inside the bell.
The musical fingerprint is particularly suitable for this:
- to detect cracks that do not yet have an audible effect on the bell sound;
- to monitor endangered, valuable or damaged bells, in order to avoid crack propagation or to detect it at a very early stage;
- to check the quality of a bell repair and to detect possible further damage;
- to monitor repaired bells in order to prevent the possibility of cracking again;Hanım çalışınca evde huzur olmaz sözü doğru değildir. Çalıştığı işin niteliğine ve kadının evi, işi ve eşi ile kurduğu ortalamaya göre sonucu değişebilecek bir durumdur bu. Siz, eşinizin eline bakacak bir pozisyonda kalacaksanız bu tercih yanlıştır. Siz de çalışın, o da Kur'an’a hizmet etsin. Biiznillah böylesi sakıncalı olmaz. Mesele kadının çalışmasında değil, çalışmayı niçin ve kim için yaptığındadır. İşi putu bir kadınla elbette huzur kaybolur.tThe Congressional Dietary Supplement Caucus briefing held Sept. 13 on Capitol Hill, featured a talk by Michael Grandner, Ph.D., director of the sleep and health research program at the University of Arizona, on how lack of sleep affects health and performance, and how nutrition may play a
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and then secondly, sell it on the dark web, often to organized crime groups, in order to get paid. The buyers in turn use the credit card or other information to commit fraudulent transactions.
With ransomware, crime has become an easy, one-step monetization process. Attackers break in to a computer system, install ransomware and get the payment directly from the person or organization impacted. It’s a one-to-one interaction, and payment is easily received. While accepting ransomware payment in bitcoins may seem a bit more challenging than accepting a credit card payment, anonymity is crucial to cybercriminals, making it well worth the modest additional effort.
But even with increased awareness on cyber attacks and the heightened need for cyber security, the question remains: why are organizations still so vulnerable? And what can they do about it?
• Whitelisting: Sometimes a ransomware attack can start off with a phishing episode where someone within an organization downloads and runs a malicious executable. Once that happens, the company’s end-point security products (typically an antivirus software solution) is often not enough to detect the attack. That’s why organizations like ISACA, US-CERT and the National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD) also recommend implementing whitelisting or application control – a process by which an organization runs only “known good applications.”
In the past, whitelisting has been hard to manage and maintain. For example, when a company implements the whitelisting approach, every person and device in the company will run only known good code. But the problems arose in keeping the lists up to date, such as when an executive had to run an application like WebEx or GotoMeeting. When the application ran and automatically installed a new version of the solution, the executive would be prevented from launching it, until it was entered into the whitelist. The lack of productivity with old versions of whitelisting solutions spelled doom for that approach.
However, in the last year or so, the next generation of whitelisting solutions have hit the market, and they are far superior to the old ones. Newer solutions can trust entire families of software and pull the latest whitelists, making the process of managing “known good software” more intuitive and convenient for IT departments. So, it’s critical for organizations that earlier discarded the whitelisting approach to revisit that consideration again, especially in the face of increasing ransomware attacks.
• Patching: Keeping systems patched and up to date is important, but it is not a panacea since spear phishing attacks can still trick victims into installing ransomware.
• Backups: Maintaining a good backup helps organizations navigate the waters of a ransomware attack far more deftly. For example, when San Francisco’s transportation system was hit last fall, the city refused to pay hackers the $70,000 ransom that was being demanded. Instead, it took a few days to painstakingly restore backups and during that time, the city let the residents ride in the transit system for free.
Interestingly, we are also seeing the emergence of quirky trends among ransomware criminals. These hackers are increasingly adopting best practices to close ransom transactions quickly, as the ransom demands are often not too high compared to the time and effort it would take to restore the backup.
So, to motivate the victim to pay the ransom, ransomware attackers are:
- Offering discounts if the ransom is paid within a set number of days
- Adopting a “try before you buy” approach, where the affected party can ask for a specific file to verify the veracity of the hacker’s claims
- Offering technical “chat” support after the ransom has been paid to assist the victim in recovering files
But despite these best practice claims by cybercriminals, organizations that have become victim to ransomware attacks need to make sure a thorough cleanup process is executed as part of the incident response – perhaps even scrubbing and restoring the entire system and network – to make sure the attackers are no longer there.مقاوم سازی ساختمان
میلگرد استیل برای تقویت بتن به کار می رود. از این نوع میلگرد برای کاربرد ساختمانی استفاده می شود. محبوب ترین نوع میلگرد فولاد کربنی است که به طور معمول با نورد گرم تولید می شود. میلگرد استنلس استیل سخت و میلگردهای کامپوزیت از الیاف شیشه، فیبر کربن یا الیاف بازالت هستند.
که انواع دیگری از فولاد به شمار می روند. میلگرد، مانند تمام سازه های فلزی، می تواند مجددا به عنوان ضایعات استفاده شود. معمولاً به سایر میله های و صفحات فولادی متصل می شود، مذاب شده و دوباره به صورت فریم تولید می شود. اکثر میلگرد های فولادی به یک تقویت کننده اولیه و ثانویه اصلی تقسیم بندی می شوند.
میلگرد استیل و سایر انواع کاربری
میلگرد استیل برای تقویت بتن در ساختمان استفاده می شود. این کار موجب تقویت ساختمان می شود. تکیه گاه ثانویه، که در غیر این صورت به عنوان تقویت کننده شناخته می شود، برای استحکام و ایجاد مقاومت در برابر شکستگی و تنش های مخالف ناشی از ضربه، مانند تغییرات دما و انقباض، استفاده می شود.
میلگرد استیل یک میله تغییر شکل یافته فولاد آهنی است که برای تقویت، تقویت و نگهداری بتن استفاده می شود. معمولاً با سطحی طرح دار شکل می گیرد تا چسبندگی بهتری به بتن ریخته شده در اطراف آن ایجاد کند. هیچ الگوی خاصی برای تغییر شکل وجود ندارد، با این حال، تعداد، فاصله و ارتفاع علائم استاندارد شده در این میله رعایت شده است. همچنین میله های ساده ای نیز وجود دارند که تنها مشخص ترین روش ها مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند.
از آنجایی که میلگرد بتن را تقویت می کند، به عنوان یک ماده تقویت کننده شناخته می شود. وقتی وارد فشار می شود، بتن ماده بسیار سخت و محکمی است، اما در زمان وارد شدن فشار تقریباً هیچ استحکامی ندارد. برای غلبه بر این، میلگردها را در بتن قرار داده تا در برابر فشارها مقاومت کنند.
میلگرد استیل و انواع مختلف
میلگرد استیل یا میلگردهای تقویت کننده فولادی برای بهبود خاصیت ارتجاعی استفاده می شود، بخاطر این که بتن دچار شکستگی می شود، و تحت فشار قرار می گیرد. میلگرد فولادی با توجه به انبساط به دلیل دمای بالای ضریب انبساط حرارتی استفاده می شود.
چهار نوع میلگرد فولادی منحصر به فرد وجود دارد که عبارتند از فولاد متوسط، میلگردهای تغییر شکل یافته با استحکام بالا، میلگرد گالوانیزه، میلگرد ضد زنگ و سایر میلگردهای که به تعداد کمتر تولید می شود.
سازه ها به وسیله میلگردها به عنوان تقویت شده و مقاومت آن ها افزایش می یابد. میله ها معمولاً میله های فولادی با خاصیت ارتجاعی بالا هستند. آنها با روکش هایی مانند HYSD یا TMT منعطف می شوند. به غیر از فولاد، میلههای تقویتکننده بازالت نیز تولید می شود، اما چندان زیاد از آن ها استفاده نمی شود. به طور منظم یک قطب فولادی با سطح متقاطع دور با فاصله از 8 میلی متر به 36 میلی متر تغییر می کند.
میلگرد بتن را در برابر شکستگی غیرقابل نفوذ می شود. با استفاده از یک میله تقویت کننده که در برابر خوردگی مقاوم خواهد بود.
HYSD، فولاد متوسط و فولاد TMT چند نوع از میلگردهای تقویت کننده هستند. که در حال حاضر فولادی TMT، تقویتکننده فولادی ترجیحی برای ساخت سازهها است. در میلگردهای فولادی TMT، گریدهایی مانند FE 415، FE 500، FE 550، FE 600 و FE 700 وجود دارد. درجات بالاتر میلههای TMT در سازههایی مانند داربست، سازههای مرتفع، پلهای هوایی از طریق بررسیهایی مانند FE 415 عمدتاً در شرکتهای خصوصی مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند.
مهم ترین کاربری میلگرد
میلگرد استیل تا حد امکان برای ساخت و ساز استفاده می شود. مقدار ضریب حرارتی آن نزدیک به مقدار ضریب بتن است. بتن در صورت متراکم بود
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道，对这些藻类而言，性的主要目的并不是生育后代，而是为了增强自己的生存能力、使自己更好地应对这些压力。
对这种藻类来说，性最直接的好处便是使其变成抵抗力较强的多倍体，能够经受住更严苛的环境挑战，而当环境好转后，双倍体藻细胞便会通过减数分裂回到单倍体状态。但减数分裂这一过程除了增加基因多样性之外，还为基因组提供了一次独特的改良机会。
就像所有多细胞生物一样，这些藻类也可以设法修正DNA中的微小缺失或错误，但如果DNA破坏得太过严重，这套机制就难以将其精确修复。在这种情况下，如果有第二条DNA链作为复制模板，便可力挽狂澜。
而在单倍体细胞中，由于只有一条染色体，一般无法通过复制粘贴的方式修复受损的DNA。不过也有例外情况：在减数分裂期间，当新配对的一组染色体排在一起、尚未被拉入子细胞时，被破坏的DNA就得到了一个修复的契机。
进行减数分裂时，来自两个单倍体母细胞的染色体会排列在一起，期间可能会彼此交换组成部分。这一过程名叫“重组”，可以大大增加基因多样性，但更重要的是，它为染色体提供了一个复制粘贴其它单倍体基因的机会，可以完成凭自己之力无法进行的DNA修复。
早在几十年前，科学家就已经了解到了减数分裂的DNA修复作用。还有一些早期研究提出，这也许能解释为何有害变异比我们预想的要少见。但研究指出，这一功能在生物进化出性功能中或许扮演了重要作用。由于上述藻类属于真核生物的最古老世系之一，这也许说明“性的最初目的并不是为了繁殖”。相反，“生物进化出性，也许是为了增强对压力的适应能力。”
植物、原生生物与人类
这已经不是个新观点了。早在上世纪80年代，亚利桑那大学细胞生物学和解剖学教授哈里斯·伯恩斯坦（Harris Bernstein）和卡罗尔·伯恩斯坦（Carol Bernstein）就提出了这一理论。但该观点提出以来，始终未受到主流进化生物学的重视。
科学家在研究一种名叫草履虫的原虫时遇到了这个问题。草履虫是一种单细胞生物，全身覆盖着细小的纤毛，使其可以在淡水中游动。它们在感受到压力时也会采用有性繁殖的方法。并且当草履虫选择有性繁殖时，性交的对象常常是自己。
有证据显示，自体受精在草履虫中是一种相当常见的行为，这也许是草履虫基因多样性非常低的原因之一。这一事实无疑与“性的好处之一是可以增强基因多样性”的主流理论相矛盾。
研究中发现，就像前面提到的藻类一样，草履虫似乎也能从性交的过程中直接受益。在压力环境中，进行自体繁殖的草履虫的生存率比其它草履虫更高。最近刚刚达到性成熟的草履虫也会变得更加强壮。这些发现表明，压力不仅会诱发性行为的产生，并且激活性行为所需的过程也许还能帮助草履虫更好地应对压力。性不仅是个遗传过程，还是个细胞层面的过程，期间会涉及到多种其它细胞功能的基因。
尽管还需开展进一步实验才能完整地验证这一想法，但针对性、以及针对压力反应的细胞机制在本质上是相互联系的。除了自体受精和性成熟为个体生存能力带来的益处之外，高温压力还会激活几种使草履虫达到生殖成熟的基因。甚至无需真正开展性行为，仅仅是为基因组融合做好准备这一过程，便可使草履虫更好地应对压力。
当然，草履虫和藻类都不是动物。对其它生物而言，性并不一定具有上述益处，就算生物最初进化出减数分裂是为了修复受损的DNA，如今性在生物中所扮演的角色也可能不同于当初了。
不过，在真菌、植物或动物中，性仍可能有着某些并非与繁殖直接相关的益处，譬如修复受损DNA。并且，就算性是动植物唯一的繁殖途径，这些益处或许也会影响性的发生原因、方式、时间和频率。
这些非直接益处也许远远超出了减数分裂的范畴。研究人员在分析了从蟋蟀到小鼠的多种生物后发现，性交还可以带来许多意料之外的好处。之所以说是意料之外，是因为与无性繁殖相比，有性繁殖不仅效率更低，还会对参与性交的生物个体造成能量负担。合成卵子或精子、寻找配偶、进行交配……这些行为都需要耗费能量和资源。因此生物个体往往要在繁殖和其它有助于延长寿命的行为之间进行取舍，如扩大体型、或增强免疫系统等等。
但关于性的代价和益处，我们的许多认识都来自果蝇等现代生物，从实验室动物身上取得的结果也可能具有欺骗性。自然界中的情况可能与实验室相去甚远，因为环境区别很大。
例如，大部分与果蝇相关的文献都指出，交配是有代价的。但在研究野生环境中的果蝇时发现，实际情况刚好相反，保持“完璧之身”才会付出代价，交配过的雌性果蝇比未交配的果蝇寿命更长。虽然尚未通过详细实验证实这一点，但这可能是因为雌性果蝇可以从受精中获得多种好处造成的。
美国克瑞顿大学研究生殖生理学和行为生态学的专家艾米·沃辛顿（Amy Worthington）在野生蟋蟀身上也发现过类似的现象。她原本以为，雌性蟋蟀在交配后要把大部分能量用来产卵，因此更容易感染疾病。但事实上，它们在交配后反而会变得更加顽强。“我们在许多物种中都发现了这种现象，与未交配过的雌性生物相比，交配过的往往生存能力更强、免疫反应也更强。不过增强的程度有高有低。”
研究人员怀疑，一种名叫前列腺激素的化合物也许在其中发挥了关键作用。前列腺素对卵子的形成很重要，但也有助于调节免疫系统。我们知道前列腺素主要存在于精液中，雌性生物也许会利用受精过程中获得的前列腺素，既能提高繁殖成功率，又可增加生存几率。
“亲密”的朋友
前列腺素并非蟋蟀或昆虫所独有，几乎所有动物体内都存在这种物质。因此无论是“昆虫、哺乳动物还是两栖动物”，受精也许都能强化个体的免疫系统。
而神经科学家在研究雄性动物的过程中发现，事情的真相比这还要复杂。2018年，研究发现雄性小鼠在交配后，大脑的免疫力有所提升，这也许意味着，交配有助于它们对抗感染。此外，性也许还能改善它们的大脑机能。其他科学家发现，交配后的小鼠在特定的认知测试中会表现得更好，并且定期交配可以减缓衰老相关的脑功能退化。
针对性的益处的研究不仅在技术上难以开展，结论也容易得到错误解读，造成文化或社会性影响。记者曾经问过，对藻类的研究是否意味着压力会诱使人们做爱。而科学家对此的幽默回答是：“除非你是个单倍体藻类才会。”
当然，这些影响是双向的，文化信仰和性观念会影响我们对其它物种研究结果的解读，而我们对性行为的偏见（比如哪些类型“正常”、哪些类型“不正常”等等）又会从根本上影响我们在动物研究中最重视的方面。
我们对性行为的认知已经影响了我们对动物行为的理解，比如“正常”的性行为应该是什么样子、某一个体应不应当发生性行为等等。对动物中同性性行为的研究就是这样一个例子。你也许会注意到，围绕同性性行为开展的研究经常会做出站不住脚的假设，例如“进行性交需要付出代价，因此同性之间的性行为必定会带来某些难以拒绝的好处，如可以大大增加个体一生中的繁殖数量，这样才能在自然选择中留存下来”等等。但在许多情况下，性交并不需要付出什么代价，带来的好处也可能是我们无法理解的。
与其思考生物为何会进化出同性性行为，不如反过来想想，它们为何不能进化出这种行为。从这个角度出发后，他们意识到，同性性行为也许自古便已有之，只是因为不需要生物付出太多代价、所以没被自然选择淘汰而已。毕竟，两性分化（不同性别的个体之间存在区别、且会产生不同大小的配子）可能是生物进化出减数分裂和配子融合后才出现的。在此之前，生物也许已经学会了做几手准备、尝试与同物种的任何个体交配，并从中尝到了�
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نسته جایزه آلبرت لاسکر را در تحقیقات پزشکی سال گذشته از آن خود کند.
جایزه مصطفی (ص) جدیدترین جایزه عالی علم و فناوری است که قرار است هر دو سال یک بار به دانشمندان و پژوهشگران برتر جهان اسلام اعطا شود.
این جایزه به احترام نام پیامبر اسلام (ص) و به دلیل تأکید بسیار آن حضرت به علم آموزی به نام یکی از القاب ایشان «مصطفی» به معنای برگزیده نام گذاری شده است که در سال جاری برای نخستین بار اهدا خواهد شد.
برگزیدگان در هر رشته علاوه بر دریافت لوح و مدال مخصوص جایزه، مبلغ ۵۰۰ هزار دلار جایزه ویژه نیز دریافت می کنند که مبلغ آن از محل موقوفات جایزه تأمین می شود.
جایزه مصطفی در سال ۱۳۹۱ به تصویب شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی رسیده است و شورای سیاستگذاری متشکل از دانشگاه ها و مراکز علمی بزرگ ایران و جهان اسلام بر روند اعطای این جایزه نظارت می کند.
این جایزه به طرح هایی تعلق می گیرد که زمینه ساز بهبود روند زندگی بشر بوده و در آن ها محققان دست به نوآوری های مشهود در مرزهای دانش و فناوری زده باشند.Darwin made a massive contribution to science, and his ideas still suggest hypotheses today. These provide the starting point for my own research, published in journals of evolution. But despite the brilliance of Darwin's work, it is overoptimistic to claim that his theory explains the origin of all living things.
If Darwin had known what we now know about molecular biology - gigabytes of coded information in DNA, cells rife with tiny machines, the highly specific structures of certain proteins - would he have found his own theory convincing? Randerson thinks that natural selection works fine to explain the origin of molecular machines. But the fact is that we are still unable even to guess Darwinian pathways for the origin of most complex biological structures.
Science has turned lots of corners since Darwin, and many of them have thrown up data quite unpredicted by his theory. Who, on Darwinian premises, would have expected that the patterns of distribution and abundance of species in tropical rainforests could be modelled without taking local adaptation into account? Or that whenever we sequence a new genome we find unique genes, unlike any found in other species? Or that bacteria gain pathogenicity (the ability to cause disease) by losing genes?
But, whatever the limitations of Darwinism, isn't the intelligent design alternative an "intellectual dead end"? No. If true, ID is a profound insight into the natural world and a motivator to scientific inquiry. The pioneers of modern science, who were convinced that nature is designed, consequently held that it could be understood by human intellects. This confidence helped to drive the scientific revolution. More recently, proponents of ID predicted that some "junk" DNA must have a function well before this view became mainstream among Darwinists.
But, according to Randerson, ID is not a science because "there is no evidence that could in principle disprove ID". Remind me, what is claimed of Darwinism? If, as an explanation for organised complexity, Darwinism had a more convincing evidential basis, then many of us would give up on ID.
Finally, Randerson claims that ID is "pure religion". In fact, ID is a logical inference, based on data gathered from the natural world, and hence it is firmly in the realm of science. It does not rely upon the Bible, the Qur'an, or any religious authority or tradition - only on scientific evidence. When a religious person advocates teaching ID in science without identification of the designer, there is no dishonesty or "Trojan horse", just realism about the limitations of the scientific method. If certain Darwinists also had the intellectual honesty to distinguish between science and their religious beliefs, the public understanding of science would be much enhanced.
· Richard Buggs sits on the scientific panel of Truth in Science firstname.lastname@example.orgمادر نخست وزیر هند درگذشت
© AP Photo / Wong Maye-EIndian Prime Minister Narendra Modi greets the audience as he prepares to deliver the 37th Singapore Lecture Monday, Nov. 23, 2015
© AP Photo / Wong Maye-E
هیرابا مودی مادر نخست وزیر نارندرا مودی در ۹۹ سالگی درگذشت.
به گزارش اسپوتنیک، هیرابا، مادر نخست وزیر نارندرا مودی، صبح روز جمعه در بیمارستانی در احمدآباد درگذشت.
مادر نرندرا مودی، نخست وزیر هند به سن ۹۹ سالگی در بیمارستانی احمدآباد درگذشت. نخست وزیر هند بامداد روز جمعه در توییتی خبر مرگ مادرش را تایید کرده است.هیرابن مودی پس از وخیم شدن بیماریاش، در شفاخانهای در ایالت گجرات بستری شده بود.
هیرابا (100 ساله) متولد 18 جون 1923، پنج پسرش - سومابهای، امریتبای، نارندرا، پراهلاد و پانکاج - و یک دختر واسانتیبن به یادگار گذاشت. هیرابا که در ویسناگار ناحیه مهسانا به دنیا آمد، در کودکی مادرش را در اثر همه گیری آنفولانزای اسپانیایی از دست داده بود.
او بیشتر عمر خود را در غریبی گذراند و بی سواد بود. ویسناگار نزدیک به وادناگار، محل اصلی نخست وزیر نارندرا مودی میباشد.NAD is a pyridine nucleotide. It provides the oxidation and reduction power for generation of ATP by mitochondria. For many years it was believed that the primary function of NAD/NADH in cells was to harness and transfer energy from glucose, fatty and amino acids through pathways like glycolysis, beta-oxidation and the citric acid cycle.
Today, however, NAD is recognized as an important cell signaling molecule and substrate. The many regulatory pathways now known to use NAD+ in signaling include multiple aspects of cellular homeostasis, energy metabolism, lifespan regulation, apoptosis, DNA repair and telomere maintenance.
This resurrection of NAD importance is due in no small part to the discovery of NAD-using enzymes, especially the sirtuins.
Just about anything you want to know about NAD/NADH pathways can be found here.
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, NAD is synthesized by two pathways. In the de novo pathway, NAD is synthesized from tryptophan, but also is created in the salvage pathway from recycling of degraded NAD products such as nicotinamide. In yeast, a model system for eukaryotes, the de novo and salvage pathways for NAD synthesis play redundant but essential roles in cell growth (1).
NAD is important in numerous biological pathways, including energy metabolism regulation, DNA transcription and repair. NAD also functions as a substrate for enzymes such as DNA ligases, NAD-dependent oxidoreductases, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and more recently the Sir2p family of NAD-dependent deacetylases (1).
NADH, the reduced form of NAD, is a substrate for NADH dehydrogenase, part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain that transfers electrons to coenzyme Q, to generate NAD.
NAD/NADH has been shown to regulate the binding of corepressor CtBP to transcriptional repressors. CtBP is involved in transcription pathways for cell growth and differentiation and transformation. Studies have shown NADH to be 2–3 orders more effective than NAD at enhancing this CtBP binding to repressors.
A Role in Disease
Several diseases have been tied, directly or indirectly, to changes in NAD level or NAD/NADH balance. NAD/NADH levels regulate corepressor CtBP activity, and have thus been shown to have a role in carcinogenesis (1).
PARP1 has been implicated in mechanisms underlying type 1 diabetes. PARP1 uses NAD as a substrate and plays a role in DNA-base excision repair, signaling due to DNA damage and regulation of transcription and proteosomal function. Overactivation of PARP1 leads to NAD depletion and cell death by necrosis.
NAD depletion by PARP1 also is believed to play a role in diabetic endothelial dysfunction.
Thus from this rudimentary examination of NAD’s role in cells, one can conclude that if the availability of NAD to cells is somehow disrupted, cellular function would be seriously and negatively impacted. What is bad for the cell is quite definitely bad for the organism.
A Role in Aging
Diabetes and related vascular dysfunctions and metabolic diseases are often referred to as age-related diseases. Calorie restriction (CR) research, which examines how eating less may improve longevity, points to the seemingly strong connection of NAD to aging. Sirtuins (SIRT in mammalian research, Sir2 in the yeast research) are NAD+-dependent deacetylases and ADP-ribosylases that have been shown to play a role in the regulation of stress response, gene transcription, cellular metabolism and longevity.
Sirtuins are proteins that are known to be evolutionarily conserved, thus yeast research poses a good model for what may be happening in mammalian systems. Researchers propose that though the coupling by sirtuins of cleavage of NAD with the modification of target proteins, sirtuins could be a molecular link “relaying the cellular energy state to the machinery of life span regulation” (2).
Calorie restriction is the most effective means known to extend lifespan in a variety of organisms, including mammals. Moderate CR can be caused in yeast by reducing the glucose concentration in culture media (from 2% to 0.5%). Lifespan increases caused by low-glucose consumption has been shown to require both NAD+ and Sir2 (2).
NAD, from pathway to powerhouse. No one would have doubted that their role in respiration and mitochondrial function was important, but learning about their function in CR and longevity garners new respect for this old molecule.
- Lin, S.-J. and Guarente, L. (2003) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a metabolic regulator of transcription, longevity and disease. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 15, 241-6.
- Lu, S.-P. and Lin, S.-J. (2010) Regulation of Yeast Sirtuins by NAD+ Metabolism and Calorie Restriction. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1804, 1567-75.
Latest posts by Kari Kenefick (see all)
- How Fruit Flies (and maybe Pigeons?) Navigate; A New Report - November 16, 2015
- About the Development of an Improved BRET Assay: NanoBRET - October 15, 2015
- Sequencing the Octopus Genome: Invertebrate Intelligence Explained? - August 17, 2015一般来说，沟通者的目标是构建并发送一条信息，来改变受众的态度、决定或行为。当然，核心问题就是如何构建这套信息。
多年来，虽然社会心理学家们对这个问题提出了许多重要的见解，但最有价值的一个是安东尼·格林沃尔德（Anthony Greenwald）的“认知反应模型”（cognitive response model），它表明人们对说服的看法出现了微妙却极其重要的变化。根据格林沃尔德的模型，一场沟通能让受众并改变多少，并不在于沟通的内容，而在于受众在接收到沟通信息之后，对他（她）自己说了些什么。
应该会沟通信息做出哪些调整，才能最大限度地增强它的说服能力呢？研究这个课题的时候，研究人员一般都把重点放在信息是否清晰、有逻辑、结构化等等方面，因为人们都认为，受�
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ben più profondo e veritiero di quanto possa sembrare all'apparenza: un re infatti non deve possedere necessariamente un regno per sentirsi tale.
MANTIENI LA ROTTA! Quando qualcuno ti dice che non puoi o che non sei abbastanza bravo, che non hai le qualità necessarie ad avere successo, tieni sempre presente questo: - I genitori del famoso cantante d'opera Enrico Caruso volevano che diventasse ingegnere. Il suo insegnante diceva che non aveva voce e non
L'HANNO DETTO LORO “Nulla è buono o cattivo, a renderlo tale è il pensiero”. Shakespeare Ciò che importa non è la realtà in sé, ma l’interpretazione che ciascuno dà di essa. La medesima situazione può assumere un significato diverso per persone diverse, poiché essi la interpretano secondo le proprie esperienze precedenti o lo
IL LEONE-PECORA Un leone si imbatté in un gregge e con sua sorpresa scorse un altro leone tra le pecore. Si trattava di un leone cresciuto nel gregge da quando era un cucciolo. Belava come una pecora e si muoveva come una pecora. Il leone si diresse diritto verso di lui e, quando il leone pecora si trovò di fronte al leone vero, si mise a tremare come un fuscello.Silgram, Martyn; Jackson, D. R.; Bailey, Alison; Quinton, John and Stevens, Carly
Hillslope scale surface runoff, sediment and nutrient losses associated with tramline wheelings.
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 35(6) pp. 699–706.
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Research on arable sandy loam and silty clay loam soils on 4° slopes in England has shown that tramlines (i.e. the unseeded wheeling areas used to facilitate spraying operations in cereal crops) can represent the most important pathway for phosphorus and sediment loss from moderately sloping fields. Detailed monitoring over the October–March period in winters 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 included event-based sampling of surface runoff, suspended and particulate sediment, and dissolved and particulate phosphorus from hillslope segments (each ?300–800?m2) established in a randomized block design with four replicates of each treatment at each of two sites on lighter and heavier soils. Experimental treatments assessed losses from the cropped area without tramlines, and from the uncropped tramline area, and were compared to losses from tramlines which had been disrupted once in the autumn with a shallow tine. On the lighter soil, the effects of removal or shallow incorporation of straw residues was also determined.
Research on both sandy and silty clay loam soils across two winters showed that tramline wheelings represented the dominant pathway for surface runoff and transport of sediment, phosphorus and nitrogen from cereal crops on moderate slopes. Results indicated 5·5–15·8% of rainfall lost as runoff, and losses of 0·8–2·9?kg?TP?ha?1 and 0·3–4·8?t?ha?1 sediment in tramline treatments, compared to only 0·2–1·7% rainfall lost as runoff, and losses of 0·0–0·2?kg?TP?ha?1 and 0·003–0·3 t ha?1 sediment from treatments without tramlines or those where tramlines had been disrupted. The novel shallow disruption of tramline wheelings using a tine once following the autumn spray operation consistently and dramatically reduced (p < 0·001) surface runoff and loads of sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus to levels similar to those measured in cropped areas between tramlines. Results suggest that options for managing tramline wheelings warrant further refinement and evaluation with a view to incorporating them into spatially-targeted farm-level management planning using national or catchment-based agri-environment policy instruments aimed at reducing diffuse pollution from land to surface water systems.
Actions (login may be required)Dünyanın en büyük deniz filolarından birine sahip olan Grimaldi şirketler grubu deniz taşımacılığında lider konumundadır. Grimaldi grubu yük taşımacılığını konteynerlerde yapmakta ve yükleme işlemini palet üstünde gerçekleştirmektedir. Grup yıllar boyunca Akdeniz'de Deniz Otoyolları'nı geliştirerek ve modern feribotlar kullanarak filosunu büyütmüştür.
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GRIMALDI LINES
Göstergeleriniz minimum düzeyde. Görünürlüğünüzü ve klasmanınızı geliştirmek için bilgilerinizi güncelleyin ve içerik yazı, logo, anahtar sözcükler) ekleyin.İsviçre'nin Basel kentine bu akşam oynanacak Basel-Apoel UEFA Avrupa Ligi rövanş maçını seyretmek üzere maça giden 100 kadar Apoel taraftarını taşıyan uçak, Larnaka Havaalanı'ndan kalktıktan kısa bir süre sonra kabin basının düşmesi sonucu Baf Havaalanı'na mecburi iniş yaptı.
Rum basının haberlerine göre, uçağın kalkışından kısa bir süre sonra yaşanan problem üzerine pilotun güvenlik protokolünü çalıştırdığı ve uçağı Baf'a indirdiğini bildirildi.
Uçağın hala daha Baf hava alanında bekletildiği ve sorunun henüz giderilemediği de gelen bilgiler arasında.Forniamo uno strumento per le petizioni online gratuito per creare e firmare petizioni.
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REVOCA/NON CONVERSIONE DEL D.L. 44/2021 IN MATERIA DI OBBLIGO VACCINALE ANTICOVID PER IL PERSONALE SANITARIO
REVOCA/NON CONVERSIONE DEL D.L. 44/2021 IN MATERIA DI OBBLIGO VACCINALE ANTICOVID PER IL PERSONALE SANITARIO Il rischio per la salute, connesso alla sperimentazione vaccinale anticovid, non puo’ assurgere ad obbligo, ma solo a scelta volontaria. Il dl 44/2021 espone il personale sanitario a grave pericolo per la salute, senza neppure garantirgli alcuna forma di tutela, per la prevenzione di danni, anche gravissimi, peraltro già verificatisi in altri soggetti sottoposti a questo tipo di vacc
Creata: 2021-04-11
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NO ALLA SPERIMENTAZIONE SUI MINORI. All'ospedale Buzzi di Milano hanno iniziato a somministrare il farmaco *Sperimentale* per il *Covid-19* sui minori Tutti i maggiori esponenti del mondo scientifico si sono schierati contro tale sperimentazione genetica di massa tra cui il *Premio Nobel Luc Montagnier:* _" I bambini e i ragazzi non possono essere usati come cavie a titolo Sperimentale "_ Rivogliamo un appello al presidente della Regione Lombardia Attilio Fontana, affinché ritiri l'autorizzazion
Creata: 2021-03-30
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Contro l'obbligo al vaccino antinfluenzale e anti COVID; contro l'imposizione di Stato; contro la privazione della libertà di scelta; contro l'annullamento del diritto della libertà di cura;contro il patentino dei vaccini senza il quale l'individuo verrà privato delle libertà fondamentali,lavoro,spostamenti,azioni di vita quotidiana. Firmiamo chiedendo che venga rispettato l'articolo 32 della Costituzione: La Repubblica tutela la salute come fondamentale diritto dell'individuo e interesse della
Creata: 2020-08-11
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Gentilissimi Ministro Della Transizione Ecologica Roberto Cingolani, Ministro Della Cultura Dario Franceschini, Ministro dell’Economia e della Finanza Daniele Franco. La scriteriata realizzazione dei lavori di realizzazione del “Parco della Storia dell’Uomo”, all’interno del Parco Regionale della Murgia Materana (Parco archeologico,storico, naturale delle Chiese Rupestri), dichiarato tutt’uno con i Sassi patrimonio mondiale UNESCO, sta procurando gravi ed irreversibili danni al territorio e al p
Creata: 2021-04-13
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Le chiusure sono una scelta politica e non necessaria. Al paese e alle nostre imprese serve un ministro della salute che lavori a un piano per riaprire in sicurezza, che sia dalla parte degli Italiani, per questo chiediamo le dimissioni di Speranza dal ministero della salute e la sostituzione con un tecnico che possa cambiare le strategie del nostro governo!
Creata: 2021-03-31
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LA PALERMO CHE VOGLIAMO Un appello alla partecipazione attiva per la costruzione del programma della città Questo è l’appello di donne e di uomini giovani e meno giovani di ogni stato sociale e condizione lavorativa che – spinti dal desiderio e dalla volontà di definire un percorso condiviso, utile alla costruzione di una visione e di una pratica politica partecipate, per la crescita sociale e civile della nostra città – intendono creare uno spazio comune di discussione e di confronto, ne
Creata: 2021-04-08
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PETIZIONE POPOLARE [Art. 21 co.3, 35, 36 Statuto Comunale del Comune di Sorrento] alla c.a. dell'Amministrazione comunale della Città di Sorrento - per il tramite del Sig. Avv. Massimo Coppola Oggetto: realizzazione area verde attrezzata per animali domestici Noi sottoscritti cittadini, quali titolari di legittimo interesse in merito alla realizzazione di quanto in oggetto, ci onoriamo rappresentare e richiedere all’Ecc.ma amministrazi
Creata: 2021-04-14
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Il provvedimento a sua firma che si allega in copia è un atto gravemente illegittimo siaper il contenuto che per la forma.Quanto al contenuto, le considerazioni scientifiche e giuridiche sono facilmente smentite dalla documentazione, che pure si allega per comodità espositiva significando che il dato giuridico veniva riportato in modo distorto e contradditorio mentre, sotto il profilo medico scientifico, affermare che non esistono forme di prevenzione e terapie efficaci contro il covid è un fals
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�ه تولید بازگشت و برای ۳۹ هزار نفر اشتغال ایجاد شد.
قربانی از برنامه راه اندازی مجدد ۶۴ واحد راکد مستقر در شهرکها و نواحی صنعتی استان سمنان در سال جاری خبر داد و تصریح کرد: بازگشت به چرخه تولید این واحدها منجر به ایجاد اشتغال یک هزار و ۸۸ نفر خواهد شد.
به گفته وی، تعداد کل واحدهای راکد در شهرکها و نواحی صنعتی کشور هفت هزار و ۱۵۱ واحد صنعتی است.
معاون صنایع کوچک سازمان صنایع کوچک و شهرکهای صنعتی ایران یادآور شد: براساس پروانههای بهرهبرداری صنایع مستقر در شهرکها و نواحی صنعتی کشور، ۱۶ هزار و ۵۲۰ واحد با کمتر از ۵۰ درصد ظرفیت تولید و ۱۱ هزار و ۳۳۷ واحد بالای ۷۰ درصد ظرفیت تولید فعالیت دارند.
وی خاطرنشان کرد: سازمان صنایع کوچک و شهرکهای صنعتی ایران از طریق مشاوران کلینیکهای کسب و کار خود به پایش و عارضهیابی علل توقف تولید واحدهای صنعتی میپردازد.
معاون صنایع کوچک سازمان صنایع کوچک و شهرکهای صنعتی ایران یادآور شد: سازمان از طریق راهکارهایی همچون واگذاری کامل توسط مالک اصلی یا بانک یا مشارکت با سرمایهگذار جدید، تأمین مواد اولیه، تولید محصول جدید، اخذ تسهیلات و انتقال فناوری و بهینه کردن خط تولید به راه اندازی مجدد واحدهای تولیدی کمک میکند.
***سرپرست معاونت هماهنگی امور اقتصادی استانداری سمنان در نشست کارگروه نهضت احیا استان سمنان با تاکید بر شناسایی و رفع مشکلات تولید و احیای واحدهای راکد گفت: بازگشت واحدهای راکد به چرخه تولید بمنظور ایجاد اشتغال و افزایش ظرفیت تولید باید اولویتبندی شود.
وی با اشاره به شرایط کشور، تصریح کرد: سال جاری، سال تولید، دانشبنیان، اشتغال آفرین نامگذاری شده و حرکت در مسیر منویات رهبری و چارچوبهای مشخص شده راه خروج از مشکلات است.
صادقی با بیان اینکه استان سمنان دارای ظرفیتهای معدنی و صنعتی بیشماری است، خاطرنشان کرد: حرکت چرخهای صنعت زمینه اشتغال جوانان و رونق اقتصادی استان را رقم میزند.
سرپرست معاونت هماهنگی امور اقتصادی استانداری سمنان به ضرورت رفع موانع و مشکلات واحدهای صنعتی اشاره و بیان کرد: راهاندازی نهضت احیا بیانگر اهمیت صنایع در نگاه دولت سیزدهم است و با تلاش و همکاری دستگاههای اجرایی این مساله تحقق مییابد.
وی ابراز امیدواری کرد که با رویکرد جدید دولت برای ۱۵۴ واحد راکد شناسایی شده در شهرکها و نواحی صنعتی استان سمنان اتفاقات خوبی رخ دهد.
***مصطفی رضوی مسوول حوزه حقوقی و بانکی ستاد نهضت واحدهای اقتصادی نهاد ریاست جمهوری در نشست این نهضت در استان سمنان گفت: این نهضت پیرو فرمایش مقام مظم رهبری بمنظور حمایت از صنعتگران و تولید کنندگان در دولت سیزدهم راهاندازی شده است.
وی با بیان اینکه رفع هرگونه مانع در عرصه تولید از اهداف نهضت احیا واحدهای راکد است، افزود: عمده مشکلات صنایع کشور حقوقی، بانکی و تأمین مالی است.
وی به جبهه “تأمین مالی” در نهضت احیا اشاره و تصریح کرد: سیاست احیاء تنها به تزریق سرمایه محدود نمیشود بلکه تداوم فعالیت واحدهای احیاء شده نیز در اولویت است.
رضوی تاکید کرد: با توجه به اهمیت واحدهای تولید برای کشور، مشکلات این واحدها با قید فوریت بررسی و مصوبات در کمترین بازه زمانی اجرایی میشود.
مدیر حوزه حقوقی و بانکی ستاد نهضت احیاء نهاد ریاست جمهوری گفت: راه اندازی تورهای احیاء بنگاههای اقتصادی بهعنوان یکی از مهمترین راهکارهای عملیاتی در این زمینه است و تاکنون تورهایی در استانهای قزوین، البرز، گیلان و فارس برگزار شده است.
به گفته رضوی، این تورها پس از بررسی مشکلات اقدام به رفع موانع شده است.
وی فعالسازی ظرفیتهای راکد تولیدی را دغدغه دولت سیزدهم برشمرد و افزود: استفاده از مدیران جهادی و بهره گیری از ظرفیتهای موجود امید میرود مشکلات صنایع حل و فصل شود.
وی تاکید که مهم ترین برنامه دولت سیزدهم، راهاندازی و احیای واحدهای تعطیل و نیمه تعطیل متناسب با نیازهای کشور است.
۴۸What is the World Trade Organization?
The World Trade Organization was founded in 1995 to promote and regulate international trade between the countries of the world. It replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade which had regulated international trade since World War II.
Prior to 1945, when countries had trade disputes with each other they could only solve them through bilateral negotiations. If diplomacy failed, the only means to resolve disputes was war. After World War II, it became apparent that international trade required an impartial organization to mediate disputes. The World Trade Organization was created to enforce the world’s agreed upon rules for trade and to punish nations who violate the rules.
What Does the WTO Do?
The World Trade Organization ensures that trade between countries is equal and fair. It prohibits countries from treating each other differently. If China has a tariff on steel, it must apply the same tariff to all countries — it cannot favor some countries by charging a lower tariff. If Germany has import restrictions on products from Japan, it must apply the same restrictions to products imported from France.
When countries violate these rules by treating countries unequally, the wronged nation can appeal to the WTO to mediate the case. The organization will hear both sides arguments and deliver a verdict, although most cases are a clear-cut decision for the hearing panel. The WTO then issues a fine to the offending nation which, when paid, is used to offset the financial losses suffered by the affected countries. If the country refuses to pay, it may face punitive sanctions from other nations or expulsion from the WTO.
The WTO’s Future Direction
The World Trade Organization is currently negotiating future policies about agricultural policies and assisting developing nations. Currently, the developed countries of the world subsidize their farmers to make them more competitive. This makes it harder for farmers in developing countries to compete: they cannot export their produce as cheaply and they face inexpensive imports from developed nation’s farmers. The nations of the world are currently at an impasse over this issue, as removing farm subsidies in developed nations is politically unpopular.لغو فروش ایرباس و بوئینگ به ایران جدی تر شد؟
روزنامه آمریکایی با اشاره به ممانعت ترامپ از فروش هواپیماهای بوئینگ و ایرباس به ایران نوشت، هرگونه اقدامی از سو
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�ن خشونت را هنگامی که در زندگی واقعی نیاز به پرخاشگر بودن را حس کند، به یاد می آورد و آن را زنده می کند .What is Oral Cancer?
Wednesday December 17, 2014 by Melissa Brown, DDS
When considering dental hygiene and oral health, most people only think about basic concerns like brushing their teeth, braces or teeth whitening. While these basics are crucial to maintaining good oral health, there are serious potential health risks for which most people never prepare. Especially if you participate in high-risk behaviors, stay informed about the potential consequences of poor oral health such as Oral Cancer.
Cancer is defined as an uncontrollable, unwanted growth of cells. Cancer can happen anywhere in the body including the mouth. Oral Cancer manifests as a growth or sore in the mouth that does not go away. It can show up in the lips, tongue, cheeks or other parts of the mouth and face including the chin or the throat. Like many cancers, if not diagnosed early it can be life threatening.
Symptoms of Oral Cancer
The most common symptoms of Oral Cancer revolve around the swelling or sores mentioned above. Look for eroded areas or swollen, crusty areas on the lips, gums or other areas that are persistent and do not go away. Additionally, you may experience unexplained bleeding, numbness or intense pain. Finally, you may experience difficulty chewing or swallowing.
Risk Factors for Oral Cancer
Though cancer has genetic components, there are significant risk factors that make it more likely to develop oral cancer or other cancers. Unsurprisingly, the most significant risk factors are tobacco users of the smoking or smoke-free variety. Additionally, people with a history of alcohol abuse may experience oral cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, men face twice the risk of oral cancer as women and tobacco users are six times more likely to experience this cancer.
What to Do if You’re at Risk for Oral Cancer
If you suspect you have or are at risk for having oral cancer, contact us at Murray Hill Family Dental and make an appointment with an oral health professional. Murray Hill Family Dental uses a revolutionary Oral Cancer screening product called Identafi which specializes in early detection of oral cancer. Identafi is a cutting edge system using different wavelengths of light which explores the structures of the mouth for cancer cells. It is able to provide an 80 to 90% survival rate due to early detection.
The most important fact about Oral Cancer is that there is help to be found. If you are part of the risk groups or have a history of cancer in your family, make an appointment with Murray Hill Family Dental today. Our expert, dedicated professionals can help you with your oral health needs.Table of Contents
- What makes an assessment authentic?
- What are the advantages of using Authentic Assessments?
- Examples of Authentic Assessments
- Grading Authentic Assessments
- Further Training for Assessment Strategies in D2L
- Other Assessment Techniques
Multiple choice questions often can’t tell an instructor everything they want to know about students’ learning. Thinking about what you, as an instructor, want to measure about student learning can help you design creative and authentic assessments to align with your learning objectives.
Assessment is a term that tends to have a lot of baggage around it in education, and it can mean a couple of different things: measuring the efficacy of a degree program’s curriculum or measuring a student’s understanding of course material, for example.
Authentic assessment is a term, coined in part by Grant Wiggins, for assessments that are tightly aligned with the learning objectives of a course or learning experience and have learners working on “real world” problems. Authentic assessments usually have more than one “correct” answer but can be evaluated using a rubric that provides assurance that the data obtained from the assessment is valid.
In his essay, “The Case for Authentic Assessment”, Wiggins compares authentic assessments to traditional standardized tests. Although that direct comparison isn’t necessarily relevant in most higher education courses, we can pull some key traits of authentic assessments from that comparison. Authentic assessments
- Require students to perform, in a real world (or simulated real-world) context, all of the tasks an adult or professional would engage in to apply what they’ve learned.
- Involve open-ended and ill-structured problems.
- Require learners to adopt a role to “rehearse for the complex ambiguities of the ‘game’ of adult and professional life.”
- Require learners to justify their answer as well as the process they used to decide on that answer.
- Are realistic, in that they aren’t timed, allow learners to use resources that would be available to them.
Using authentic assessments can require more effort and planning on the part of the instructor. Despite that increase in effort, both learners and instructors can benefit when a course uses authentic assessments. One of the benefits that applies to both learners and instructors is the increase in interest and engagement in the task. For instructors, it is much more interesting to explore and evaluate an array of different answers and approaches (and can be educational for the instructor, too). Learners have more motivation to work on the assessment: it is novel, creates a direct connection between the assessment and the “real” world, and clearly demonstrates to the learner how much they’ve learned and where they still have room to grow (i.e. authentic assessments are much more transparent to the learner).
Other benefits for instructors include an increased awareness of what students’ strengths and areas for growth are (both with respect to individual students and the collective), and an opportunity to connect with each individual learner. Since authentic assessments are directly tied to learning objectives, an instructor knows, with less ambiguity, what objectives students are meeting and which ones they are not. With authentic assessments, instructors get to connect with learners as they see the unique approaches each individual learner uses to solve the ill-structured problem. Many instructors teaching online value every opportunity to connect with learners they may never interact with face-to-face.
In addition to being more engaging, authentic assessments are usually more equitable for the diverse learners in a course. The design and selection of multiple-choice questions can include implicit biases that disadvantage some learners. Because authentic assessments are more transparent, don’t have a single right answer and require learners to justify their process and their answer, every learner has an opportunity to ask questions, identify and use resources, and “make their case” as to how their answer demonstrates their learning.
Because authentic assessments are tied directly to the learning objectives of a course, program, or discipline, the examples provided here are of general categories/types of authentic assessments.
- Case studies
- Simulations (many role-playing simulations can be used online)
- Writing to a real audience – for example, a policy brief that might be shared with a legislator, or writing a pamphlet geared toward a lay audience.
- Community-partnered research or project development
The key to grading authentic assessments is to have a rubric that keeps the grader’s focus on the most important standards you want learners to meet. The Online Teaching at Michigan site has a guide on creating and using rubrics.
- The first step to creating an authentic assessment is to write learning objectives that describe how learners will demonstrate their learning.
- If you typically use essays for assessing student learning, frame the writing assignment for an audience other than the instructor/instructional team, and ideally, find individuals who are part of that audience to provide feedback to the learners.
- Have students reflect on their own academic performance on each assessment. Having them identify their own misconceptions and mistakes enhances their learning, helps to develop their metacognitive abilities, and is representative of what a professional must do when they err.
- Have students create a lightweight portfolio where they reflect on what they learned from each assignment (either through making mistakes or by engaging in the learning that occurs when someone is assessed).
- Explore libraries of case studies online (e.g. Case Consortium at Columbia University, National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science, and the Michigan Sustainability Cases)
The team at DLI has created Assessment Strategies in D2L which presents various methods for delivering assessments in the D2L environment. This is a 15-minute, interactive lesson, designed to provide course developers with an overview of how to utilize the functions in D2L to gauge learner mastery. Faculty developers should use this lesson as a starting point before designing assessments inside D2L for their online, hybrid, or other course using D2L to deliver assessments. The lesson should guide developers in the planning, organizing, and structuring of learner assessments. One of the highlights of the lesson is demonstrating how to sort assessment questions based on mastery level. Skillful segregation and re-distribution of assessment questions can ensure that tests include an equitable distribution of question types.
Assessing Prior Knowledge from Carnegie Mellon University Eberly Center
Grading and Performance Rubrics from Carnegie Mellon University Eberly Center
Peer Feedback Rubrics from Eduflow
7 Ways to Assess Students Online and Minimize Cheating from The Chronicle of Higher Education
Indiana University – Authentic assessments
University of Buffalo – National center for case study teaching in science: Case types & methods
Columbia University – Case consortium
Wiggins, G. (1989). A true test: Toward more authentic and equitable assessment. The Phi Delta Kappan, 70(9), 703-713. Retrieved May 19, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/20404004
Wiggins, G. (1990). The case for authentic assessment. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 2(2). Retrieved May 18, 2020, from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/pare/vol2/iss1/2
Williams, J.B. (2004). Creating authentic assessments: A method for the authoring of open book open web examinations. In R. Atkinson, C. McBeath, D. Jonas-Dwyer & R. Phillips (Eds), Beyond the comfort zone: Proceedings of the 21st ASCILITE Conference (pp. 934-937). Perth, 5-8 December. http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/perth04/procs/williams.htmlEbola transmission: Can Ebola spread through the air?
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Mar 24, 2023.
No, the virus that causes Ebola is not transmitted through the air. Unlike a cold or the flu, the Ebola virus is not spread by tiny droplets that remain in the air after an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Ebola is spread between humans when an uninfected person has direct contact with body fluids of a person who is sick with the disease or has died. People become contagious when they develop symptoms.
Body fluids that can transmit Ebola include:
- Breast milk
- Vaginal fluids
- Pregnancy-related fluids
What is the path of transmission?
Research suggests that fruit bats are most likely the original hosts of the Ebola virus. Other animals that have been infected include chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines. There is no evidence that mosquitoes or other insects transmit the Ebola virus.
For humans, the source of exposure to virus-carrying body fluids may include:
- An infected animal
- Another person who has symptoms of the disease or has died from the disease
- Contaminated objects, such as clothing, bed linens, doorknobs, needles and other medical equipment, or other surfaces
After people have recovered, the virus can often be detected for many months in certain body fluids, including semen, breast milk and urine.
The virus enters a person through a break in the skin or through the mucous membranes, such as the tissues of the eyes, nose, throat or vagina. For example, you could become infected if you touched infected body fluids and then touched your eyes.
The time from infection to the appearance of symptoms (incubation period) is usually eight to 10 days but can range from two to 21 days.Eski IAEA yetkilisi Laura Rockwood, Rusya’nın hafta sonu Ukrayna’nın Zaporizhzhia kentindeki Avrupa’nın en büyük atom santraline yönelik saldırısına tepki gösterdi ve “bir tür radyoaktivite salınımının çok gerçek bir olasılığı” olduğu konusunda uyardı. “Burada ateşle oynuyoruz” diyerek bağımsız nükleer uzmanların şu anda Rus kontrolündeki tesise girmesine izin verilmesini istedi. Ukrayna ve Rus güçleri arasındaki saldırı ve gelecekteki bombardımanın tesiste “elektrik gücü kaybına” yol açabileceğini ve bunun “reaktörleri soğutmak için nihai su kaybına” yol açabileceğini açıkladı.
Bayan Rockwood, Times Radio’ya şunları söyledi: “Gerçekten de korkunç bir şey oluyor ve nükleer tesisin içinde veya çevresinde hiçbir askeri faaliyet yürütülmemeli.
“Kötü bir şekilde ters gidebilecek çok fazla şey var ve Rusların, Ukraynalı yetkililerin onlara daha fazla zarar verme riski nedeniyle onları vurmayacağı beklentisiyle bazı askeri varlıklarını tesislere yerleştirdiğine dair haberler duydum. Kurulum.
“Sanırım burada ateşle oynuyoruz.
“Birkaç endişe var ve elbette radyasyonun kazara salınması.
“Bu reaktörler 911’den beri bir terörist saldırıya karşı sertleştirildiği için reaktörde gedik açmanız daha az olası.
“Ancak, radyasyonun yayılmasına veya elektrik gücünün kaybolmasına neden olabilecek her türlü başka kazalar var.
“Elektrik gücü kaybının ikincil sonuçlarından biri, reaktörleri soğutmak için nihai su kaybı olabilir.
“Ama yine de, reaktörlerin altyapısına biraz zarar vereceksiniz, personelde fiziksel yaralanmalar olabilir ve şu anda o kadar inanılmaz bir baskı altındalar ki, bunlar tam olarak olabilecek zamanlar. Tesis içindeki insan hatası, operatörlerin şu anda altında olduğu muazzam baskı nedeniyle.
DAHA FAZLA OKUYUN: Ukrayna CANLI: Putin’in saldırı köpeği Batı’nın ‘Rusya’yı yok etmek’ istediğini iddia ediyorOggi sono 230 anni dalla scomparsa di Denis Diderot
Il tempo a Roma
18°C
88%
Bahrain
Ultime notizie Comunicati stampa Siti web Altri nomi Altri contenuti dal web Mappa Commenta su FacebookIl Bahrain (), ufficialmente Regno del Bahrain, è un piccolo Stato situato su un arcipelago di 33 isole vicino le coste occidentali del Golfo Persico, la cui capitale è Manama. La lingua ufficiale è l'arabo.
Il Bahrain, in precedenza un emirato, è diventato un regno nel 2002, costituito come monarchia costituzionale. Lo Stato è retto dalla famiglia reale Āl Khalīfa e l'attuale re è Ḥamad bin ʿĪsā Āl Khalīfa, mentre il governo è presieduto da Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa.
La sua superficie è di 750 km
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to tropical regions with a wide range of vegetation types.
Profile development: AC- or ABC-profile. Rapid weathering of porous volcanic material resulted in accumulation of stable organo-mineral complexes and short-range-order minerals such as allophane, imogolite and ferrihydrite.
Use: many Andosols are intensively cultivated and planted to a variety of crops, their major limitation being their considerable capacity to render phosphorus unavailable to plants. In places, steep topography is a serious constraint.
Andosols occur in volcanic regions all over the earth. Major concentrations are found around the Pacific rim: on the west coast of South America, in Central America, the Rocky Mountains, Alaska, Japan, the Philippine Archipelago, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand.
Andosols are also prominent on many islands in the Pacific: Fiji, Vanuatu, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Samoa and Hawaii.
In Africa, Andosols are prominent along the Rift Valley, in Kenya, Rwanda and Ethiopia and on Madagascar. In Europe, Andosols occur in Italy, France, Germany and Iceland. The total Andosol area is estimated at some 110 million hectares or less than 1 percent of the global land surface. More than half of this is situated in the tropics. Figure 1 presents the world-wide distribution of Andosols. Note that the small scale of this map permits to show only the largest Andosol areas.
Andosols are azonal soils found in all climates and at all altitudes. Consequently they occur together with almost any other Reference Soil Group. A typical configuration on mountain slopes would have Andosols at the higher end of the slope, Cambisols and Luvisols at mid-slope positions and Vertisols (basic volcanic materials) or Acrisols (acidic materials) near the foot of the slope. In tropical highlands, e.g. in Kenya and Ethiopia, Andosols are often associated with Nitisols.
Andosols are characterised by the presence of either an `andic' horizon or a `vitric' horizon. An andic horizon is rich in `allophanes'1 (and similar minerals) or aluminium-humus complexes whereas a vitric horizon contains an abundance of `volcanic glass'.
Andosol formation depends essentially on rapid chemical weathering of porous, permeable, fine-grained mineral material in the presence of organic matter. Hydrolysis of the primary minerals `microcline' and `augite' may serve to illustrate this type of weathering (`glass' is actually an amorphous mixture but reacts in the same way):
KAlSi3O8 + 2 H2O = K+ + Al3+ + 3 SiO2 + 4 OH-
CaFeSi2O6 + 2 H2O = Ca2+ + Fe2+ + 2 SiO2 + 4 OH-
The liberated Fe2+ and (particularly) Al3+ ions are tied up in stable complexes with humus. The ferrous iron is first oxidised to the ferric state after which it precipitates for the greater part as ferrihydrite2:
Fe2+ = Fe3+ + e-
Fe3+ + 3 H2O = Fe(OH)3 + 3 H+
(or: 2 Fe2+ + 1/2 O2 + 5 H2O = 2 Fe(OH)3 + 4 H+ )
Aluminium protects the organic part of Al-humus complexes against bio-degradation. The mobility of these complexes is rather limited because rapid weathering yields sufficient Al and Fe to produce complexes with a high metal/organic ratio that are only sparingly soluble. This combination of low mobility and high resistance against biological attack promotes accumulation of organic matter in the topsoil culminating in the formation of a `melanic' surface horizon that has an intense dark colour and a high content of organic matter.
The fate of the liberated silica is largely conditioned by the extent to which aluminium is tied up in Al-humus complexes. If most or all aluminium is `fixed', the silica concentration of the soil solution increases and while part of the silica is washed out, another part precipitates as opaline silica. If not all aluminium is tied up in complexes, the remainder may co-precipitate with silicon to form allophanes of varying composition, often in association with imogolite3.
Note that formation of Al-humus complexes and formation of allophane associations are mutually competitive. This is known as the `binary composition' of Andosols. It seems that allophane (and imogolite) is stable under mildly acid to neutral conditions (pH>5) whereas Al-humus complexes prevail in more acid environments. If there is still (excess) aluminium available under such acid conditions, this may combine with silicon to form 2:1 and 2:1:1 type phyllosilicate clay minerals (e.g. chlorite) that are often found in association with Al-humus complexes. The stability conferred on the organic matter by aluminium is no less in the presence of allophane. This suggests that the activity of aluminium in allophane is high enough to interact with organic molecules and prevent bio-degradation and leaching.
The competition between humus and silica for Al is influenced by environmental factors:
The total pore fraction of the soil material increases greatly in the course of weathering, typically from some 50 percent to more than 75 percent (by volume). This is caused by leaching losses and stabilisation of the residual material by organic matter and weathering products (silica, allophane, imogolite, ferrihydrite).
The genesis of Andosols is further complicated if there is repeated deposition of fresh ash. Thin ash layers may just rejuvenate the surface soil material but thicker layers bury the soil. A new profile will then develop in the fresh ash layer while soil formation in the buried A-horizon takes a different course in response to the suddenly decreased organic matter supply and the different composition of the soil moisture.
The clay assemblage of Andosols changes over time, particularly that of the subsoil, as allophane and imogolite are transformed to halloysite, kaolinite or gibbsite (depending on the silica concentration of the soil solution). Aluminium from the Al-humus complexes will gradually become available and ferrihydrite will eventually turn into goethite. All these processes are strongly influenced by such factors as the rate of rejuvenation, the depth and composition of the overburden, the composition of the remaining material and the moisture regime. Eventually, an Andosol may grade into a `normal' soil, e.g. a podzolized soil, or a soil with ferric properties, or with clay illuviation.
The `typical' Andosol has an AC or ABC profile with a dark Ah-horizon, 20 to 50 cm thick (thinner or thicker occurs) on top of a brown B- or C-horizon. Topsoil and subsoil colours are distinctly different; colours are generally darker in humid, cool regions than in tropical climates. The average organic matter content of the surface horizon is about 8 percent but the darkest profiles may contain as much as 30 percent organic matter. The surface horizon is very porous, very friable, and has a crumb or granular structure. In some Andosols the surface soil material is smeary and feels greasy or unctuous; it may become almost liquid when rubbed, presumably because of sol-gel transformations under pressure (`thixotropy').
Most Andosols have excellent internal drainage because of their high porosity and their occurrence in predominantly high terrain positions. Gleyic soil properties develop where groundwater occurs at shallow depth; stagnic properties are particularly prominent in paddy fields on terraced volcanic slopes, e.g. on Java and Bali (Indonesia).
Quantities of volcanic glass, ferromagnesian minerals (olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles), feldspars and quartz in the silt and sand fractions of Andosol material differ between sites. Some of the mineral grains may have acquired a coating of volcanic glass when the temperature was still high. The mineral composition of the clay fraction of Andosols varies with such factors as `genetic age' of the soil, composition of the parent material, pH, base status, moisture regime, thickness of overburden ash deposits, and content and composition of soil organic matter. The clay fraction of Andosols contains typical `X-ray amorphous materials' such as allophane and imogolite, and/or humus complexes of Al and Fe together with opaline silica. Allophane/imogolite and Al-humus complexes may occur together even though the two groups have conflicting conditions of formation. Besides primary minerals, ferrihydrite, (disordered) halloysite and kaolinite, gibbsite and various 2:1 and 2:1:1 layer silicates and intergrades can be present.
The good aggregate stability of Andosols and their high permeability to water make these soils (relatively) resistant to water erosion. Exceptions to this rule are highly hydrated types of Andosol that dried out strongly, e.g. after deforestation. The surface soil material of such Andosols crumbles to hard granules (`high mountain granulation') that are easily removed with surface run-off water. The difficulty to disperse Andosol material gives problems in texture analysis; caution should be taken when interpreting such data.
The bulk density of Andosols is low, not just in the surface soil; it is typically less than 0.9 Mg/m3 but values as low as 0.3 Mg/m3 have been recorded in highly hydrated Andosols. The bulk density does not change much over a suction range of 1500 kPa (limited shrink and swell). Therefore, values determined on field-moist soil material can in practice be substituted for the bulk density at `field capacity', which is diagnostic for identifying an `andic' horizon.
The moisture content at 1500 kPa suction (`permanent wilting point') is high in most Andosols; the quantity of `available water' is generally greater than in other mineral soils. Excessive air-drying of Andosol material will irreversibly deteriorate water holding properties, ion exchange capacity, soil volume, and ultimately the cohesion of soil particles. In the extreme case these fall apart to a fine dust that is very susceptible to wind erosion.
Andosols have highly variable exchange properties: the charge is strongly dependent on pH and electrolyte concentration. This is also the case with some other soils, e.g. Ferralsols, but the negative charge of Andosols can reach much higher values because of the high contents of soil organic matter and allophane.
Figure 2 shows, for some Andosol components, the variation in charge as a function of pH (the clay minerals halloysite and montmorillonite, having a dominantly permanent charge, are included for comparison).
With charge properties variable, base saturation values are also variable. Base saturation values are generally low because of strong leaching, except in some very young Andosols and in Andosols in dry regions.
The strong chemical reactivity of Andosols has long been attributed to X-ray amorphous compounds. It is more appropriate, however, to ascribe this Andosol characteristic to the presence of `active aluminium' which may occur in various forms:
The role of active iron may not be ignored but is generally considered of less importance than that of active aluminium.
Andosols have a high potential for agricultural production but many are not used to their capacity. By and large, Andosols are fertile soils, particularly Andosols in intermediate or basic volcanic ash and not exposed to excessive leaching. The strong phosphate fixation of Andosols is a problem. Ameliorative measures to reduce this effect (caused by active Al) include application of lime, silica, organic material and `phosphate' fertilizer.
Andosols are easy to till and have good rootability and water storage properties. Strongly hydrated Andosols may pose problems on account of their low bearing capacity and their stickiness.
Andosols in the tropics are planted to a wide variety of crops including sugarcane, tobacco, sweet potato (tolerant of low phosphate levels), tea, vegetables, wheat and orchard crops. Andosols on steep slopes are perhaps best kept under forest. Paddy rice cultivation is a major landuse on Andosols in lowlands with shallow groundwater. Elsewhere, continued paddy rice production has resulted in formation of a dense hardpan over accumulation layers of iron and manganese oxides; these hardpans reduce percolation losses of (irrigation) water.
Major landforms in landscapes with sands
Parent material can decisively influence soil formation: soils in (almost) pure quartz sands are normally `poor'. Extensive regions with such quartz-rich sands exist on earth. By and large, these can be divided into three broad categories:
Extensive, horizontal sandstone plateaux occur in tropical shield areas. Well-known examples are the Precambrian Roraima sandstone formations on the Guiana Shield and the Voltaian sandstone formations in Western Africa. Major occurrences of consolidated sands are found in Northern Africa, in Guyana and Surinam, eastern Peru, northeastern Brazil and in Liberia (western Africa). These sandstone formations have a history of tropical weathering in common; they all have a deep weathering mantle of bleached, white sands that are very rich in quartz, poor in clay and excessively drained. Electrolyte contents differ by region:
Sandy parent materials are also abundant in areas where sand accumulates after selective transportation of weathering material by wind or water. Aeolian (wind-borne) sands will be discussed in this paragraph.
During transport, selection of particles (sorting and winnowing) occurs; the momentary wind speed and the size, shape and density of minerals determine how far a particular grain will be transported. Fine gravel travels by creep and sand-sized particles by saltation. Silt-sized particles can be carried over great distances (Saharan `dust' settles regularly in central Europe and, in the past, loess formations have formed extensive blankets far from the source areas). Fine, plate-shaped clay minerals and micas are blown out and travel even farther (which explains why wind-borne sediments are normally poor in micas). This sorting of grains results in deposits that consist of pure sand with a uniform particle size. Many aeolian sand deposits show characteristic large-scale cross bedding, indicative of sand deposition on the slip faces of dunes. See Figure 1.
`Fixed dunes' are formed when transported sand settles in the lee of an obstacle such as a brush or a piece of rock. The obstacle thus grows in size and more sand settles: the dune grows. The transport capacity of the wind decreases as it drives the sand grains to the top of the dune, causing an increasing part of the transported sand to settle before reaching the dune crest. This steepens the angle of the slope, particularly near the crest. Once the slope angle exceeds the angle of rest of the deposited sand (typically 34o for dry sand), shearing sets in along a slightly less steep plane. Thus, a slip face is formed on the leeward side of the dune. Vegetation growing on (in particular) the lower part of dunes may eventually keep most of the sand in place. Dunes along coasts are often fixed by vegetation (natural or planted by man); `parabolic dunes' may develop by landward migration of beach sand.
`Free dunes' have no fixed position, but migrate downwind by erosion on the gently inclined windward side and deposition on the leeward side (slip face) in the same way as described for fixed dunes. The smallest free dunes are common wind ripples that measure only a few centimetres in height. Large dunes are found in extensive dune areas in deserts, in sand seas known as `ergs'.
Coastal dunes occur along beaches or sand-flats that form part of a non-erosional sandy or deltaic coast. The source areas of the sand will eventually lose all sand, silt and clay particles; some become wet (groundwater) depressions whereas others acquire a rocky or boulder-strewn surface known as a `desert pavement'.
Two main types of free dunes are distinguished, viz. `crescentic' dunes and `linear' dunes.
The area of actual `erg' and dune formation is delimited by the 150 mm/yr isohyet. This precipitation boundary appears to have shifted strongly in the recent past. Between 20,000 and 13,000 yr. BP, the southern limit of active dune formation in the Sahara desert was 800 km south of its present position and most of the now sparsely vegetated Sahelian zone was an area of active dune formation at that time. These dunes, mostly of the longitudinal type, are now fixed by vegetation, but their aeolian parentage is still obvious from their well-sorted material. A similar story can be told for the Kalahari sands. Overgrazing in recent times has reactivated aeolian transport in many regions with sands.
The cover sands (sheet deposits and associated parabolic
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