step
int64 | grad_acc_step
int64 | seq_idx
int64 | text
string |
|---|---|---|---|
8,546 | -1 | 0 |
prospera e generosa: condizioni che hanno garantito all’uomo la possibilità di progredire ed espandersi rapidamente.
Con l’Antropocene invece si aprono scenari climatici sconosciuti e pericolosi per l’intera umanità e, in generale, per tutti gli esseri viventi sulla Terra.
Un gruppo di esperti di scienze del sistema Terra e della sostenibilità guidato da Johan Rockström ha identificato nove processi naturali che sono critici (per esempio sistema clima e ciclo dell’acqua) ma che ancora consentono di mantenere condizioni simili a quelle dell’Olocene.
Per evitare di trovarci in una situazione incontrollabile, gli scienziati hanno stabilito dei confini, dei limiti da non oltrepassare. È vitale quindi regolare le attività umane affinché non si aggiungano ulteriori pressioni sul sistema pianeta.
“Siamo la prima generazione a riconoscere che stiamo mettendo a rischio la capacità del sistema Terra di sostenere lo sviluppo umano” (Johan Rockström)
È bene ricordare che, purtroppo, quattro limiti sono già stati oltrepassati: cambiamenti climatici, trasformazione del suolo, flussi di azoto e fosforo e perdita della biodiversità.
A questo punto è facile intuire che i limiti biofisici del pianeta e la base sociale sono strettamente interconnessi.
Ma come si può passare dalla crescita infinita alla prosperità in equilibrio?
Come se ne viene fuori?
La crescita infinita dettata dal Pil ci ha portato in una situazione molto pericolosa.
Siamo dunque la prima generazione ad essere consapevole di dover attuare una trasformazione che miri ad un futuro sostenibile e ciò si può fare adeguando il nostro modo di vivere, comprare, viaggiare, gestire il denaro tenendo conto dei limiti sociali e planetari illustrati con la Ciambella. Questo modo di agire deve essere applicato a tutti i livelli: come persone, comunità, strategie dei governi e di aziende.
Per Kate Raworth possiamo vivere nello spazio sicuro ed equo della ciambella se si tengono conto di cinque fattori determinanti:
-Popolazione
Deve necessariamente stabilizzarsi: più abitanti ci sono più bisogni occorre soddisfare.
La buona notizia è che la popolazione tende a stabilizzarsi quando le persone vivono senza privazioni rispettando un livello minimo sociale (come previsto nella Ciambella). È particolarmente importante l’istruzione delle donne e l’assistenza sanitaria dei bambini: è così che si può andare nella direzione auspicata.
-Distribuzione della ricchezza globale
Le emissioni di gas serra vanno di pari passo con lo standard di vita di un popolo: tanto più lo stile di vita è alto tanto più aumentano tutti i consumi (dal cibo all’energia).
Come si fa a sfamare il 13% di popolazione malnutrita nel mondo?
Se si pensa che attualmente buona parte (tra il 30 e 50%) del cibo mondiale va perso dopo il raccolto, sprecato nelle catene di rifornimento e addirittura buttato dai nostri piatti alla pattumiera, la fame potrebbe essere debellata con il 10% del cibo prodotto ma che non viene mangiato.
- Aspirazioni
Entro il 2050 si prevede che il 70 % della popolazione mondiale vivrà in zone urbane con un conseguente alzamento dello standard di vita e di consumo.
È necessario rimodulare le nostre aspirazioni in alternativa al modello del consumismo.
-Tecnologia
Un altro fattore importantissimo è l’innovazione che deve rappresentare uno strumento per ottimizzare l’efficienza delle infrastrutture (alloggi autoriscaldanti o autorinfrescanti, trasporti con energie rinnovabili, etc)
-Governance
Sono necessarie strutture di governance efficaci come non lo sono mai state prima, a partire dal livello locale fino a quello globale. È una grande sfida visto che occorre contrastare gli interessi radicati da lungo tempo, le norme e aspettative di paesi, aziende e comunità.
Resta il fatto che bisogna affrontare complesse interazioni del sistema Terra e ridurre la pressione dell’umanità sui limiti del pianeta.
Se la bussola della Ciambella ci orienta verso la prosperità in equilibrio con il pianeta, come possiamo rappresentare graficamente l’economia in relazione al tutto?
Passiamo quindi alla 2a mossa,: “Vedere l’immagine complessiva”
Prima però dobbiamo capire come venne disegnata l’economia tradizionale per arrivare a questo punto. Passiamo quindi alla seconda mossa
Non perderti la prossima, metti mi piace alla pagina Culturaintour
L’economia della ciambella di Kate Raworth (7a puntata)
Sette mosse per pensare come un economista del XXI secolo
1° mossa, cambiare obiettivo Passare dal PIL (in questa puntata) alla Ciambella in equilibrio
“Sfrattiamo il cuculo dal nido”
Nella puntata nr. 6 abbiamo visto come Kate Raworth si serva della metafora del cuculo nel nido per affermare che gli economisti nel XX secolo non occupandosi di individuare gli obiettivi dellʼeconomia, hanno lasciato che il Pil e la crescita fosse la sua unica funzione.
Continuiamo con la metafora. Così come gli ignari uccelli proprietari del nido continuano a nutrire il pulcino del cuculo, ogni generazione di studenti di economia viene istruita affinché lʼobiettivo sia la crescita del Pil. Vengono studiate fedelmente tutte le teorie che ne propongono le varie strategie (per esempio: una nazione ha il Pil in crescita grazie alle nuove tecnologie oppure grazie alla crescente disponibilità di macchinari e ancora, per merito del capitale umano).
Ma cosʼè il Pil? A cosa serve?
Comʼè potuto accadere che il Pil-cuculo riempisse così bene il nido-economia? Ma qual è il miglior modo per valutare il successo nello sviluppo?
Partiamo dalla definizione: Pil cioè Prodotto Interno Lordo è un indicatore che misura il valore dei prodotti e servizi realizzati all’interno di una nazione. Per capire comʼè nato questo indicatore dobbiamo andare indietro nel tempo e precisamente agli anni Trenta con la grave crisi finanziaria scoppiata negli Stati Uniti cui seguirà la grande depressione, con conseguenti elevatissimi livelli di disoccupazione. Crisi che coinvolgerà tutta Europa. Roosevelt, il presidente americano, aveva bisogno di una misura dello stato di salute dell’economia che non fosse di tipo settoriale e incaricò lʼeconomista Kuznets di studiare un indicatore per misurare il reddito prodotto in una nazione nel corso del tempo. Entrò così a gamba tesa il “paradigma della crescita”, ossia il concetto dellʼimportanza della crescita del reddito per comprendere lʼandamento del ciclo economico e lʼinsorgere del fenomeno della disoccupazione. Presto la crescita fu vista come una panacea per molti problemi sociali, economici e politici. Lʼidea di unʼeconomia sempre in crescita si sovrappose con lʼidea di progresso. Tuttavia lo stesso Kuznets, il padre ideatore del Pil, volle precisare che il suo
L’economia della ciambella di Kate Raworth
Sette mosse per pensare come un economista del XXI secolo
“La metafora del cuculo”
Il cuculo non nidifica e non cresce i propri piccoli. La femmina di cuculo attende il momento in cui il nido di altri volatili sia incustodito e vi depone il suo tra le uova già presenti dei proprietari del nido. Questi ignari genitori covano amorevolmente le loro uova compreso quello intruso che è, apparentemente, somigliante alle uova legittime. Quando si schiude, generalmente prima degli altri, il pulcino cuculo si libera delle uova degli uccelli proprietari del nido e li getta fuori. Rimasto solo, verrà nutrito abbondantemente diventando più grande degli stessi genitori adottivi con dimensioni assurde tali da debordare dal minuscolo nido.
Kate Raworth si serve di questa metafora per affermare che gli economisti nel XX secolo omettendo di definire gli obiettivi, hanno lasciato che il PIL e la sua crescita fosse la funzione dell’economia stessa.
Proseguendo la metafora Kate invita a sfrattare “lʼobiettivo cuculo della crescita” dal “nido- economia“: è giunto il momento di concentrarsi su obiettivi che assicurino dignità e opportunità entro i limiti consentiti dal pianeta in modo da vivere nello spazio sicuro ed equo per lʼumanità. (vedi puntata n. 4)
*il pil è un indicatore economico (Prodotto Interno Lordo) e rappresenta il valore di mercato dei beni e dei servizi prodotti allʼinterno di una nazione.
Non perderti la prossima, metti mi piace alla pagina Culturaintour
Immagine: Blog LaValnerina.it<|endoftext|>The extremely large investment risks due to global climate change are in the minds of sensible investors. One risk people often fail to consider is the damage that can be done to our electronics and our electrical system (large scale distribution) by solar storms.
That’s not a lurid sci-fi fantasy. It’s a sober new assessment by Lloyd’s of London, the world’s oldest insurance market. The report notes that even a much smaller solar-induced geomagnetic storm in 1989 left 6 million people in Quebec without power for nine hours.
“We’re much more dependent on electricity now than we were in 1859,” explains Neil Smith, an emerging-risks researcher at Lloyd’s and co-author of the report. “The same event today could have a huge financial impact” — which the insurer pegs at up to $2.6 trillion for an especially severe storm. (To put that in context, Hurricane Sandy caused about $68 billion in damage.)
A truly severe geomagnetic storm could create currents powerful enough to overload electric grids and damage a significant number of high-voltage transformers, which can take a long time to repair or replace. That could leave millions without power for months or years.
there are technologies that could harden the grid, such as capacitors that can help block the flow of ground currents induced by a geomagnetic event. In Quebec, the Canadian government has spent about $1.2 billion on these technologies since the 1989 blackout.
Likely in the event of extremely large solar storms that knock out a significant number of large transformers would provide business to companies that manufacture replacements and companies that offer protection (once insurers raise insurance rates for unprotected equipment the economics will quickly justify the expenses).
I am still looking for investment ideas that stand to benefit from global climate change. We seem pretty determined not to take actions to reduce the risks so reducing the impacts seems unlikely. Mostly this will cause great damage to our standards of living (and even endangering many lives). But even so I image there will be some investments that should benefit.
Even if say global climate changes reduce global economic well being by 10% I don’t think it will be 10% evenly distributed. Some places/businesses.. will go down 20%, some 12% some 3% and I would think there is also the chance some will actually increase. But I have not been successful in thinking of investments that will benefit due to global climate change (and our refusal to take sensible steps to reduce the damage). If you have ideas add a comment.
I wish we would take significant action to reduce the damage global climate change will cause. But since we are not, and the damage will be huge, reducing what I can expect from average investment returns, seeking investments to help balance those losses is a wise step to take.
Related: Investment Risk Matters Most as Part of a Portfolio, Rather than in Isolation – Disability Insurance is Very Important – Unless We Take Decisive Action, Climate Change Will Ravage Our Planet – Solar Cycle Prediction – Don’t Expect to Spend Over 4% of Your Retirement Investment Assets Annually<|endoftext|>草履虫性行为
出品：新浪探索 《科学好故事》第五期
编译：叶子
性大概是生物学中最难解的谜团之一。有性生殖的弊端不容反驳：必须要有两个生物个体，并且每个个体都只能将自己的一部分基因组遗传下去。性交过程中，双方需要亲密接触，因此很容易受到对方的身体伤害、或感染疾病。而无性繁殖（即自体克隆）就没有这些弊端，可以随时随地进行，还可以将自己的全部基因传给后代。
然而，尽管有这么多优势，无性生殖在真核细胞生物中却属于“异类”、非常态。例如在植物中，只有不到1%的品种经常进行无性繁殖。在动物中，只有千分之一的已知品种只进行无性生殖。几百年来，这个明显的矛盾一直令生物学家们困惑不已。
1932年，遗传学家赫尔曼·马勒（Hermann Muller）认为自己找到了答案。“遗传学终于解开了性的存在（即功能）之谜。通过基因重组，性可以最大程度地利用基因变异的可能性。”换句话说，性的目的其实很简单：为了增加后代的基因多样性。这种多样性可以使后代更强壮、移动更迅速、对寄生虫的抵抗力更强、或者更有适应能力。
马勒并非第一位提出该观点的生物学家，但他的影响力最强，因此他的名字与这一观点紧紧地联系在了一起。一直到今天，这一观点在生物学界依然十分盛行。但这个观点本身仍有待商榷。毕竟，为了增加多样性的说法并不能解释单细胞生物为何、以及如何进化出性过程之一：减数分裂，即基因组分成两半、形成卵细胞和精细胞的过程。
性选择和性假说的关注点往往都放在生物的后代上，在对性行为进化史研究发现的证据显示，仅围绕“什么对后代和整个物种而言最为有利”的理论并不全面，研究总是忽略了性交给个体带来的直接益处。
研究人员正在重新审视性行为、以及与之相关的细胞和生理过程对生物个体的影响。而他们的研究结果显示，生物学家之所以找不到能够解释性行为的大一统理论，原因是根本不存在这样的理论。相反，性行为可以为生物提供的益处可谓五花八门，生物会从最有益于自身的原因出发、开展性行为。
无处不在的性行为
从某种意义上来说，“性”可谓无处不在。几乎每种真核生物都会进行性交，但每种物种都有着独特的性体验。对于植物、单细胞原虫、果蝇和人类而言，开展性行为的方式可谓千差万别。
但并非所有真核生物都将繁殖看作性交的目的。例如，有一种藻类就不会为了繁殖进行性交，它们进行无性繁殖的效果反而更好。这种团藻可以自行选择是进行自体克隆、还是与其它团藻性交，而当它们选择后者时，往往是为了提高自己的生存概率。
这些藻类按人类的标准来看，都只算有半个基因组。它们每条染色体都只有一份，因此属于单倍体。在这种状态下，它们可以进行有丝分裂，通过这种方式克隆自己。首先，它们的每条染色体会复制为二；接着，这些复制出来的染色体会沿着细胞中线排成一列，然后被拉入新形成的、与母细胞完全相同的子细胞中。
但当环境温度过高、或缺少氮元素时，该藻类就会改变繁殖方法。一个单倍体团藻会与另一个团藻融合在一起。这样一来，每组染色体就变成了两条，该藻类也就变成了像我们一样的双倍体。
不过，这种藻类只有当生存环境变得艰难时才会选择有性繁殖。内德尔库和同事们发现，如果能缓解它们的生理压力，比如向水中加入抗氧化剂，它们就不会进行有性繁殖。研究人员据此总结道，对这些藻类而言，性的主要目的并不是生育后代，而是为了增强自己的生存能力、使自己更好地应对这些压力。
对这种藻类来说，性最直接的好处便是使其变成抵抗力较强的多倍体，能够经受住更严苛的环境挑战，而当环境好转后，双倍体藻细胞便会通过减数分裂回到单倍体状态。但减数分裂这一过程除了增加基因多样性之外，还为基因组提供了一次独特的改良机会。
就像所有多细胞生物一样，这些藻类也可以设法修正DNA中的微小缺失或错误，但如果DNA破坏得太过严重，这套机制就难以将其精确修复。在这种情况下，如果有第二条DNA链作为复制模板，便可力挽狂澜。
而在单倍体细胞中，由于只有一条染色体，一般无法通过复制粘贴的方式修复受损的DNA。不过也有例外情况：在减数分裂期间，当新配对的一组染色体排在一起、尚未被拉入子细胞时，被破坏的DNA就得到了一个修复的契机。
进行减数分裂时，来自两个单倍体母细胞的染色体会排列在一起，期间可能会彼此交换组成部分。这一过程名叫“重组”，可以大大增加基因多样性，但更重要的是，它为染色体提供了一个复制粘贴其它单倍体基因的机会，可以完成凭自己之力无法进行的DNA修复。
早在几十年前，科学家就已经了解到了减数分裂的DNA修复作用。还有一些早
|
8,546 | -1 | 1 |
del corpo le impedisce di contemplare il vero e di goderne. Gli è per questo che Platone definisce la filosofia contemplazione della morte, come quella che allontana la mente dalle cose visibili e corporee, proprio come fa la morte. Pertanto, finché l'anima usa rettamente degli organi corporei, è chiamata sana; ma quando, spezzati ormai i suoi vincoli, tenta di affermarsi in libertà, meditando quasi quasi di fuggire da quel carcere, allora chiamano ciò insania, follia. Se la cosa avviene per malattia o per vizio organico, è pazzia bella e buona, per consenso di tutti. Tuttavia vediamo che anche tal fatta di uomini predice il futuro, possiede lingue e scienze, mai apprese precedentemente, e insomma mostra in sé proprio qualcosa di divino. Non c'è dubbio che ciò avviene perché la mente, un po' più libera dal contatto col corpo, comincia a spiegare la sua forza nativa. E lo stesso è il motivo, credo, per cui, a chi si travaglia nell'agonia della morte, suol accadere qualcosa di analogo, di parlare cioè, come ispirato, di cose prodigiose.
Se invece la cosa si verifica per zelo religioso, non si può parlare forse dello stesso genere di pazzia, ma di un altro, così vicino al precedente, che gran parte degli uomini lo giudica pazzia né più né meno, specialmente allorché degli omiciattoli, pochi pochini, dissentono per tutto il loro modo di vivere, dal resto del genere umano. Suole pertanto capitare a costoro nella realtà ciò che, secondo la fantasia di Platone succedeva ai prigionieri dell'antro (i quali vedevano solamente l'ombra delle case) e a quel fuggiasco che, al suo ritorno nell'antro, annunciò ai compagni di aver vedute le cose nella realtà e che si sbagliavano della grossa, essi, a credere che non esistesse altro che quelle misere ombre. Lui infatti, ormai sapiente, compiange e deplora la loro pazzia, per esser posseduti da sì grande illusione; gli altri alla loro volta ridono di lui come di un matto che sragiona e lo cacciano via da loro.
La folla parimenti, quanto più le cose sono corporee, tanto più sgrana gli occhi, credendo non esista altro che quelle; mentre gli spiriti religiosi le trascurano quanto più san vicine al corpo, per lasciarsi rapire completamente nella contemplazione delle cose invisibili. Gli uomini di mondo dunque mettono in primo luogo le ricchezze, poi subito dopo le comodità corporali e l'ultimo posto lo lasciano all'anima, alla cui esistenza peraltro la maggior parte neppur ci crede, dacché non si vede cogli occhi. Tutt'al contrario, le persone pie in primo luogo tendono con tutte le forze a Dio, che è l'essere più semplice di tutti, e secondariamente si curano di ciò che più a Dio si avvicina, cioè dell'anima; cosi trascurano il corpo e sprezzano di cuore il denaro e lo fuggono come immondizie. O se son costretti a trattare qualcosa di tal sorte, lo fanno di mal animo e con disdegno: hanno come se non avessero, posseggono come se non possedessero.
Esiste fra queste due categorie di uomini anche nei particolari una non lieve differenza, una gradazione. Per cominciare, sebbene le varie facoltà umane abbiano tutte un legame col corpo, ve ne sono alcune più materiali, come il tatto, l'udito, la vista, l'odorato, il gusto, ed altre più distanti, quali la memoria, l'intelligenza, la volontà. Or l'anima, dove si adopra, vigoreggia. Negli uomini religiosi, giacché ogni loro sforzo mira a ciò che più si allontana dalle facoltà materiali, queste si affievoliscono, si ottundono. Al contrario nella gente comune sono straordinariamente vive, mentre le altre, quelle spirituali hanno ben poco o punto sviluppo. Da ciò avviene quel che abbiamo sentito dire di alcuni santi, che successe loro di bere olio al posto del vino '.
Nel campo poi delle passioni ve n'è di quelle che hanno maggior connessione con la materialità del corpo: l'amor carnale, la gola, il sonno, l'ira, la superbia, e l'invidia. A queste muovono guerra senza quartiere le persone pie, mentre invece la gente pensa che senza di esse la vita non è vita. Vi sono poi dei sentimenti medi e quasi naturali, come l'amor di patria, l'affetto pei figli, pei genitori, per gli amici, alle quali cose la gente dà non poca importanza. Ma anche questi gli altri si studiano di strapparseli dal cuore, se non in quanto assurgano alla parte più alta dell'anima; dimodoché non amano il genitore in quanto genitore (che cosa infatti ha generato se non il corpo? Sebbene anche questo sia dovuto a Dio, che è genitore di tutto), ma in quanto uomo buono, nel quale risplende l'immagine di quella intelligenza suprema, che sola chiamano sommo bene, e fuor della quale, com'essi insegnano, non c'è cosa che meriti di esser amata o desiderata.
A questa stessa stregua misurano parimenti tutti gli altri compiti della vita, talché in ogni cosa, ciò che è visibile, se non è proprio da sprezzare del tutto, bisogna tuttavia farne molto minor conto che delle cose che non si possono vedere. Affermano poi che perfino nei sacramenti e nelle stesse pratiche di pietà c'è spirito e c'è corpo. Nel digiuno, per esempio, non ha grande importanza per loro che uno si astenga dalle carni e dalle cene (nel che il popolo fa consistere tutto il digiuno), ma che insieme moderi anche le sue passioni, si abbandoni meno del solito all'ira, e cosi alla superbia, talché lo spirito, come già meno gravato dalla mole del corpo, si elevi a gustare con gioia i beni celesti. Allo stesso modo anche nell'eucaristia, per quanto non sia da sprezzare l'esteriorità del rito, questo però è di poca utilità, anzi pericoloso, se non vi si aggiunge anche l'elemento spirituale, vale a dire ciò che si rappresenta per mezzo di quei segni visibili. E vi si rappresenta la morte di Gesù, la quale devono gli uomini imitare, domando, estinguendo e quasi seppellendo le passioni del corpo, per risorgere a vita nuova e potersi fare tutt'uno con quello, come pure tutt'uno fra di loro. Questo dunque fa, questo medita chi è pio. La genterella invece s'illude che il sacrificio non consiste in altro che nell'avvicinarsi agli altari, e quanto più è possibile, star a sentire il rumor delle voci e alzar gli occhi alle altre cerimonie relative.
Invece non in queste circostanze unicamente, da me proposte a mo' d'esempio, ma semplicemente in tutta quanta la vita l'uomo religioso rifugge da tutto ciò che s'apparenta col corpo, per lasciarsi rapire verso l'eterno, l'invisibile, lo spirituale. E dunque, poiché fra le due specie di uomini profondo è il disaccordo in ogni punto, da ciò nasce che gli uni paiono agli altri dei pazzi. Ma questa parola s'addice meglio agli uomini religiosi, che alla gente comune, a mio modo di vedere.
In latino Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus. Il racconto tradizionale (ma controverso) vuole che Desiderio Erasmo da Rotterdam fosse il figlio naturale di Gerard de Praët, sacerdote itinerante (?), e di Margherita, figlia di un medico di Zevenbergen. Il bambino si chiamava in effetti Geert Geertsz (figlio di Gerard). Più tardi, adotta il nome greco-latino di Desiderio Erasmo (da Desiderius, desiderato, e Erasmus, gradito). Comincia i suoi studi a Gouda, a scuola di Peter Winckel, quindi li prosegue a Deventer, nella scuola famosa dei Fratelli della Vita comune. Alla morte della madre (1483) e del padre (1484), è affidato a tre tutori, che lo destinano alla vita monacale e lo inviano a Bois-le-Duc, in una scuola mediocre e all’antica.
Gli ideali di Erasmo
La scoperta brutale del contrasto crudele tra la bellezza morale del messaggio del Vangelo e l'ipocrisia infastidente delle pratiche religiose, come pure la scoperta della bellezza delle belle lettere, nutrirà in Erasmo una doppia ambizione.
Inizialmente, ritiene che sia venuto il momento di procedere ad una riforma completa delle pratiche anti-cristiane scandalose e dello spirito oligarchico che si è impadronito della chiesa cattolica romana. Da Costanza (1414), Basilea (1431) e Ferrara-Firenze (1437), tutti i grandi concili ecumenici avevano sollevato tre problemi fondamentali:
Unione dottrinale tra oriente ed occidente;
Unità per difendere la cristianità di fronte ai Turchi;
Riforma del funzionamento interno.
Andava da sé che finché i primi due punti non erano regolati, il terzo punto era dell'ordine del tabù, come Jan Hus aveva potuto constatarlo a sue spese, quando fu arrestato arrivando al concilio di Basilea e arso vivo per eresia il 6 luglio 1415.
Per Erasmo, il problema non era la chiesa cattolica, ma le forze oligarchiche che purtroppo la dominavano sempre più: i banchieri di Siena e di Venezia che gestivano le fortune dei cardinali e dei vescovi, il culto delle reliquie e la simonia, o anche gli ordini monastici, veri imperi feudali proprietari di terre, uomini, e che gestivano i cuori umani, al massimo, come bestiame.
Per porvi rimedio, Erasmo lancia un vasto movimento d'istruzione auspicante l'appoggio di un papa forte, capace di resistere agli oligarchi ed al denaro. È il programma esplicito dello Enchiridion militis Cristiani (manuale del soldato cristiano) e la vera rivendicazione che si trova implicitamente ne L'elogio della follia.
Come Lorenzo Valla (1403-1457) o come Jacques Lefèvre d’ Etaples (1450-1537) lo faranno al loro modo, Erasmo desidera riprendere il Vangelo alla sua fonte, cioè comparare i testi originali in greco, in latino ed in ebraico, spesso sconosciuti se non interamente inquinati da oltre mille anni di copie e di commenti scolastici.
Per portare a termine questa fatica di Ercole, Erasmo concepisce la fondazione di un collegio trilingue incaricato di questo compito, riunendo gli uomini più saggi lontani dalle polemiche passionali e dalle carriere egoistiche. Grazie al mecenate Jérôme de Busleyden, questo progetto nascerà a Lovanio nel 1517, ma sarà rapidamente sabotato da teologi minacciati nella loro attività.
In seguito, il messaggio ottimista del cristianesimo evangelico chiamava, per la sua natura stessa, alla difesa dell'interesse generale e a riforme politiche necessarie per giungervi. È l'argomento sviluppato da Erasmo e Thomas More nell'Utopia. Quest'utopia non è utopistica se si riesce a garantire un'istruzione classica per tutti, obiettivo dei quattromila Adagi, e preoccupazione fondamentale condivisa con Thomas More e Juan Luis Vivès (1492-1540).
Allo stesso tempo, riprendendo la fiaccola di Petrarca, Erasmo desidera conciliare questa “filosofia di Cristo”, trasmessa da San Gerolamo (317-419) e Origène (185-251), con quei filosofi (e soltanto quelli) che nell'antichità «hanno visto con la luce naturale ciò che ci insegna la Sacra Scrittura», in particolare Platone.
Dice: «Questa filosofia (di Cristo) è veramente più nella nostra sensibilità che nei sillogismi, più nella vita che nella discussione; è piuttosto un'intuizione che un'erudizione, un'ispirazione che una ragione; è il destino di un piccolo numero di esseri eruditi, ma non è permesso a nessuno di non di essere cristiano; nessuno ha il diritto di non essere pio, aggiungerò con audacia che non è permesso a nessuno di non essere teologo. Ciò che è più conforme alla natura, penetra più facilmente nei cuori. Ma, che cos’è la filosofia di Cristo, questa filosofia che egli (il Cristo) qualifica come (rinascita), se non il ritorno ad una natura ben stabilita? E se nessuno ha trasmesso queste verità più pienamente di Cristo, tuttavia nelle opere dei gentili si può salvare più di una cosa in accordo con questa dottrina. Si è avuta mai una così bassa teoria filosofica che osa insegnare che il denaro rende l'uomo felice …»
Con Valla, di cui ha letto l'Elegantiae (latinae linguae), ed il suo amico Juan Luis Vivès, pensa che sia più che urgente riforgiare una lingua, in particolare il latino, ed una pedagogia che rifletta, con la sua bellezza, la sua musicalità, e la sua compassione, tutta la nobiltà di questo contenuto.
Lorenzo Valla
Leibniz afferma senza esitazione che i due più grandi spiriti del Medio Evo sono Niccolò di Cusa e Lorenzo Valla. Il giovane Erasmo riconosce in quest'ultimo il rappresentante di quella Italia ideale che ammira.
Rampollo di una famiglia romana agiata, Valla si avvale dell’insegnamento di uomini illustri come l’ellenista Giovanni Aurispa (1369-1459), segretario papale di Eugenio IV e di Martino V, ed in particolare di Leonardo Bruni (1370-1444), allievo di Coluccio Salutati (1331-1406). Come Petrarca, questa corrente vedeva l'alleanza tra filosofi sofisti (e particolarmente Aristotele) e teologi scolastici come la base di un ordine feudale anti-cristiano ed oscurantista. All'università di Padova, Valla si rivolta contro il pensiero dominante che è l’ averroismo.
Averroè
Averroè (Ibn Rushd, 1126-1198) è spesso visto a torto, e soprattutto da quelli che si vantano di Lumi, come un annunciatore dello spirito moderno (poiché ha scritto una volta sul vino ed il sesso …). La realtà è molto diversa poiché, a partire dalle traduzioni arabe di Aristotele, Averroè aveva incubato una filosofia ideale per conservare il mondo feudale.
Secondo lui, occorreva accettare il carattere doppio della verità. Da un lato, grazie a simboli e segni, la religione permetteva di comunicare una verità alla folla immensa degli illetterati. D'altra parte, una piccola élite poteva accedere alla verità, che, era molto filosofica. Ciò che è vero in teologia può risultare falso in filosofia, ma in ultima analisi, è l'intelletto che decide, ed esso non necessita di trascendenza. Averroè scrisse anche un trattato sull'armonia tra la filosofia e le religioni su questa base distorta. Ma ovviamente, insegnare la filosofia a tutti sarebbe nocivo poiché solo la religione permette alla folla di accedere ad una conoscenza (simbolica) della verità … Oggi, lo si accuserebbe a ragione di essere un seguace del regno delle menzogne di Leo Strauss.
L’ averroismo era l'ideologia scelta dall'oligarchia veneziana per dominare il mondo ed è essa che in maniera massiccia promuoverà l' aristotelismo dei tempi moderni.
Petrarca
Ben prima di Valla, Petrarca (Francesco Petrarca, 1304-1374), in occasione del suo soggiorno a Venezia, aveva denunciato gli attacchi intellettuali di quattro oligarchi averroisti (fra cui i tre veneziani Dandolo , Contarini e Talento) decisi a reclutarlo alla loro cricca e «che secondo l'abitudine dei filosofi moderni, pensano di non aver fatto nulla, se non si rivoltano contro il Cristo e la sua dottrina sovrannaturale».
Il suo libro “Della mia ignoranza e di quella degli altri” Il De sui ipsius et multorum ignorantia si costruisce attorno a questa polemica:
«Se non temessero i supplizi degli uomini molto più di quelli di Dio, oserebbero, dice Petrarca, non soltanto attaccare la creazione del mondo secondo Timeo, ma la genesi di Mosè, la fede cattolica ed il dogma sacro del Cristo. Quando questo timore non li possiede più, e possono parlare senza paura, combattono direttamente la verità; nei loro conciliaboli, irridono Cristo ed adorano Aristotele, che non capiscono. Quando disputano in pubblico, attestano che parlano astrazion fatta dalla fede, cioè cercando la verità respingendo la verità, e la luce girando le spalle al sole. Ma, in segreto, non è bestemmia, sofisma, scherzo, sarcasmo cui non indulgano, con grandi applausi dei loro auditori. E come ci trattano da gente illetterata, quando chiamano idiota il Cristo nostro maestro? Per parte loro, vanno gonfi dei loro sofismi, soddisfatti di se stessi facendosi forti di saper disputare su qualsiasi
|
8,546 | -1 | 2 |
می شوند، این واقعیت که استدلال ها توسط افراد مطرح می شود نادیده گرفته می شود. ایراد اخیر ممکن است با ارجاع به اکثر مطالعات تنظیم برنامه اعمال شود، اما به طور کلی اعتراضی قابل قبول علیه تحلیل محتوای کمی نیست.
یک مثال خوب از تکنیکی که با ساختارهای معنایی و نحوی ارتباطات مطابقت دارد ساختار معنایی و تحلیل محتوا است که توسط ورنر فروه (Werner Früh) مطرح شد. این تکنیک بدون پرداختن به جزئیات، عناصر مختلف ارتباط و همچنین روابط بین آن ها را در نظر می گیرد. به عنوان مثال، افراد و نقش های ذکر شده در مقالات روزنامه ها را تجزیه و تحلیل می کند، اما جنبه های زمانی مانند پیشین و به اصطلاح ” تغییرات ” مانند ویژگی های افراد یا مشخصات محلی را نیز بررسی می کند. علاوه بر این، به دنبال روابط به اصطلاح “k”، مانند روابط علّی، عمدی، یا مشروط و همچنین ” روابط R” ذکر شده، به عنوان مثال در گزارش های خبری است.
بیشتر تحلیل های محتوای کمی، متن یا مطالب کلامی، یعنی ارتباطات انسانی رونویسی یا ضبط شده را بررسی می کنند. مطالعاتی که به تجزیه و تحلیل مطالب بصری مانند فیلم ها، تبلیغات تلویزیونی، یا مناظره های تلویزیونی بین نامزدهای ریاست جمهوری می پردازد، نسبتاً نادر است. سه دلیل عمده برای این وجود دارد. اولاً، برای مثال، دسترسی به کپی مقالات روزنامه نسبت به کپی های اخبار عصر آسان تر است. در مطالعات گذشته نگر (که اکثر تحلیل های محتوای کمی هستند)، به ویژه، مواد بصری اغلب دیگر در دسترس نیستند. دوم، مطالب بصری پیچیده تر از مطالب کلامی یا متنی است. به عنوان مثال، اخبار تلویزیون نه تنها از طریق کانال صوتی بلکه از طریق کانال تصویری نیز اطلاعات را ارائه می دهد. از آنجایی که اطلاعات شفاهی و بصری می توانند پیام های مختلفی را ارائه دهند، باید هر دو جریان اطلاعات را کدگذاری کرد. این پرهزینه تر از کدگذاری اخبار چاپی است. در نهایت، کدگذاری مطالب بصری مانند اخبار شب در تلویزیون به دستورالعمل های کدگذاری دقیق تر و تعاریف دسته بندی پیچیده تر نسبت به کتاب کد برای تجزیه و تحلیل پوشش روزنامه نیاز دارد.
یک پیشرفت کم و بیش اخیر در تجزیه و تحلیل محتوای کمی، خودکار است، یعنی تجزیه و تحلیل محتوا به کمک رایانه، که در آن یک برنامه رایانه ای کلمات کلیدی را می شمارد و برای مثال در همان پاراگراف کلمات مرتبط را جستجو می کند. قبل از شروع فرایند کدگذاری، تمام کلمات کلیدی یا عبارات مرتبط در یک فرهنگ لغت به اصطلاح کدگذاری – باید فهرست شوند. در حالی که پیشرفت هایی در این تکنیک صورت گرفته است، مدتی طول می کشد تا کدگذار انسانی اضافی شود.
چالش های کنونی برای تجزیه و تحلیل محتوای کمی از وب جهانی سرچشمه می گیرد، جایی که محتوای یک وبلاگ خصوصی، استدلال ها در چت آنلاین، یا تصاویر در یک گالری آنلاین می توانند مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گیرند. به عنوان مثال، در مقایسه با پوشش روزنامه، تجزیه و تحلیل محتوای ارتباطات آنلاین می تواند مشکل ساز باشد. در اینجا، جامعه ای که از آن نمونه برای تجزیه و تحلیل گرفته می شود، ثابت نیست، بلکه روز به روز یا حتی سریع تر تغییر می کند. بنابراین مهم است که تمام ارتباطات مرتبط برای یک مطالعه خاص ذخیره شود. اما حتی اگر این امکان وجود داشت، به ندرت می توان دیدی از جمعیت کامل داشت، زیرا درک شبکه جهانی وب یا اینترنت به عنوان یک کل آسان نیست. بنابراین بیشتر مطالعاتی که ارتباطات آنلاین را تحلیل می کنند با نمونه هایی کار می کنند که کم و بیش به وضوح تعریف شده اند.
معیارهای ارزیابی تحلیل محتوای کمی چیست؟
مانند هر روش دیگری در علوم اجتماعی، تحلیل محتوای کمی باید استانداردهای خاصی از تحقیقات کمی را رعایت کند. اولین معیار تجربه بین فردی ، شفافیت است. این بدان معنی است که تمام جزئیات یک تحلیل محتوای کمی باید توصیف و توضیح داده شود تا دقیقاً آنچه انجام شده است روشن شود. معیار دوم ، این است که قوانین کدگذاری و معیارهای نمونه گیری به طور ثابت برای همه محتوا اعمال شوند. سومین معیار قابلیت اطمینان این است که لیست کد ها یا کتابچه کدها قابل اعتماد باشد. کدگذاران مختلف همیشه در مورد کدگذاری توافق ندارند. به عنوان مثال، یک کدگذار ممکن است یک بحث در مقاله روزنامه را به عنوان بحث 13 از فهرست بحث های موجود در کد ایندکس شناسایی کند، در حالی که کدگذار دیگری بحث 15 را انتخاب می کند، در نتیجه کدهای عددی اختصاص داده شده به بحث در مقاله روزنامه مطابقت ندارند. با این حال، در موارد دیگر، دو کدگذار ممکن است به توافق برسند. با استفاده از همه کدگذاری هر دو کدگذار، می توان تعداد دو برابر شده جفت های منطبق (مثلاً 17 کدگذاری یکسان) را بر تعداد همه کدگذاری های کدگذار اول و تعداد همه کدگذاری های کدگذار دوم (به عنوان مثال، هر کدام 20 کدگذاری) را برای به دست آوردن نسبتی به نام فرمول Holsti که یک ضریب پایایی ساده است، تقسیم کرد.
در این مثال ما R را به شرح زیر پیدا می کنیم.
R = 17 * 2 / (20 + 20) = 0.85
مقادیر همه ضرایب قابلیت اطمینان از 0 (اصلاً مطابقت ندارد) تا 1 (تطابق کامل) متغیر است. یکی دیگر از ضریب اطمینان محبوب – که بهتر از محاسبه شاخص شناخته می شود – α آلفای کرونباخ است.
استاندارد چهارم برای تحلیل محتوای کمی ، اعتبار است. ابزار تحقیق تجربی، یعنی اندکس کدگذاری، زمانی که آنچه که قصد اندازه گیری آن را دارد، اندازه گیری می کند، می تواند ادعا کند که معتبر است. برای مثال، اگر کتاب کد حاوی دسته ای ” کلیشه” باشد، کدنویسان نباید خطای سیاسی یا کنایه را هنگام اعمال قوانین کدگذاری برای این طبقه، اندازه گیری کنند، بلکه کد “کلیشه ” را اندازه گیری کنند. طبق نظر کلاوس کریپندورف، اعتبار اشکال مختلفی دارد. نوعی از اعتبار بنام اعتبار صوری نامیده می شود. اعتبار پیش بینی و اعتبار همزمان هر دو به یک معیار خارجی برای اعتبار سنجی داده های به دست آمده اشاره دارند.
روش تحلیل محتوا کمی چگونه است؟
فرایند تحقیق با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای کمی شامل شش مرحله است. معمولاً با ملاحظات نظری، مرور ادبیات و استنتاج فرضیه های تجربی آغاز می شود. در مرحله دوم، نمونه ای که قرار است کدگذاری شود مثلا با کد ایندکس، تعریف می شود. در مرحله سوم، واحدهای کدگذاری (به عنوان مثال، مقالات یا بحث ها) توضیح داده می شوند. در گام چهارم کتاب کدگذاری یا کد ایندکس با سیستم دسته بندی توسعه یافته و از پیش تست شده است. اندازه گیری واقعی، یعنی فرایند کدگذاری، مرحله پنجم تحلیل محتوای کمی را نشان می دهد. مرحله نهایی تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها و تفسیر داده ها است.
بیشتر تحلیل های محتوای کمی نیاز به نمونه گیری چند سطحی دارند، برای مثال ، تجزیه و تحلیل پوشش مبارزات انتخاباتی شامل انتخاب تعداد محدودی از روزنامه های ملی است که دیدگاه های سیاسی متفاوتی را نشان می دهند (به عنوان مثال، از لیبرال تا محافظه کار). در سطح بعدی، بازه زمانی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل (به عنوان مثال، هر روز در مرحله حساس مبارزات انتخاباتی) تعیین می شود. در سطح بعدی، مقالاتی که باید کدگذاری شوند مشخص می شوند (به عنوان مثال، همه مقالات در صفحه اول). معمولاً نمونه را واحد تجزیه و تحلیل می نامند. واحد کدگذاری، با این حال، مهم ترین واحد در تحلیل محتوای کمی است. سطح اندازه گیری را مشخص می کند.
به عنوان مثال، اگر ویژگی های یک مقاله (به عنوان مثال، موضوع اصلی مقاله) بررسی شود، مقاله مشخص واحد کدگذاری است، اما اگر ویژگی های یک بحث (مثلاً موضوعات ذکر شده در یک بحث) بررسی شود، بحث مشخص واحد کدگذاری است. در حالت اول، 100 مقاله (با 5 بحث در هر مقاله) به 100 کد منجر می شود، در حالت دوم به همین تعداد مقاله، 500 کد ایجاد می شود. سطح کدگذاری به حجم نمونه و همچنین به سوال تحقیق بستگی دارد. اگر مطالعه بر ساختارهای استدلال متمرکز شود، مقاله به عنوان واحد کدگذاری انتخاب نخواهد شد. اگر پوشش سیاسی در 10 روزنامه در 50 سال گذشته کانون مطالعه باشد، استدلال یا بیانیه به عنوان واحد کدگذاری انتخاب نخواهد شد، در غیر این صورت تعداد زیادی از موارد باید کدگذاری شوند.
نمونه تحلیل محتوای کمی
نمونه ای از روش در پایان نامه ام به روش تحلیل محتوای کمی در زیر آمده است. از نویسندگان مختلف تعاریف زیادی از این روش تحقیق ارائه شده است. بسیاری از تعاریف شامل اصول مشابه هستند. تحقیق باید سیستماتیک، عینی، کمی و قابل تکرار باشد. دانیل ریف در کتاب خود تعاریف اصلی را معرفی کرده و جنبه های آنها را در قالب خود جمع آوری کرده است. او می گوید: “تحلیل محتوای کمی عبارت است از بررسی سیستماتیک و قابل تکرار نمادهای ارتباطی که بر اساس قوانین اندازه گیری معتبر به آنها مقادیر عددی اختصاص داده شده است و تجزیه و تحلیل روابط مربوط به آن مقادیر با استفاده از روش های آماری برای توصیف ارتباط، استنتاج در مورد معنای آن، یا استنباط از ارتباط….”
سوال تحقیق شماره 1: در مقالات مربوط به حمله به عراق بیشتر در مورد این موضوع نوشته شده است؟
سوال تحقیق شماره 2: خبرنگاران از چه نوع منابعی استفاده کردند؟
فرضیه های شماره 1: خبرنگاران متهم به به حاشیه راندن صداهای علیه جنگ شدند. بنابراین، فرضیه من این است که منابع بسیار بیشتری از نظرات دولت بوش حمایت می کنند تا انتقاد از آن. به طور مشابه، بیشتر مقالات به سمت دولت بوش تعصب دارند.
جهان مورد نظر و انتخاب نمونه مناسب از جمعیت.
برای تحلیل کمی خود دو روزنامه مهم را انتخاب کرده ام: نیویورک تایمز و واشنگتن پست. این دو عنوان به اصطلاح روزنامه های معتبر یا نخبگان محسوب می شوند. این نوع رسانه های جمعی اغلب با استانداردهای بالاتر روزنامه نگاری نگهداری می شوند زیرا می توانند از منابع بیشتری استفاده کنند. نوام چامسکی همچنین از اصطلاح رسانه تنظیم کننده دستور کار استفاده می کند. “رسانه های نخبه چارچوبی را تعیین می کنند که دیگران در آن عمل می کنند.” سایر رسانه های غیرنخبگان موضوعات، یا اغلب داستان ها و مقالات کامل را در اختیار می گیرند. اکثر خوانندگان آنها «افرادی هستند که ثروتمند هستند یا بخشی از آنچه گاهی طبقه سیاسی نامیده می شود… مدیران سیاسی، مدیران تجاری (مانند مدیران شرکت ها یا چیزهای دیگر)، مدیران دکترا… محتوای بیشتری را نشان می دهند…
مطالعه روی اخبار تلویزیونی از دسته بندی های بیشتری استفاده کرد. با این حال، برخی از آنها بسیار شبیه بودند و تعداد مقالات در هر یک بسیار کم بود. بنابراین تصمیم گرفتم تعداد دسته ها را کاهش دهم و دسته بندی های عمومی تری ایجاد کنم. این بدان معناست که، برای مثال، من تمام داستان های مربوط به برنامه ریزی یا استراتژی نظامی را با هم ترکیب کردم. همه داستان ها در مورد وضعیت کنونی عراق (زندگی مردم عادی، مخالفان، حملات هوایی و تحریم ها). همه مقالات در مورد کشور خارجی یا دیدگاه خارجیان دسته دیگری را تشکیل می دادند. تمامی دسته بندی ها در زیر فهرست شده اند:
1 = بحث تهاجم 10 = طرح های بازسازی / عراق پس از جنگ
2 = برنامه ریزی نظامی / استراتژی 11 = تروریسم / القاعده
3 = سخنرانی رسمی (آمریکایی یا عراقی) یا شهروند برجسته 12 = جنگ اول خلیج فارس / تاریخ
4 = سیاست داخلی 13 = اعتراض / تجمع
5 = دیدگاه بین المللی / تأثیر بر متحدان 14 = افکار عمومی
6 = قطعنامه سازمان ملل / جلسه 15 = هزینه های جنگ<|endoftext|>Fransa'nın Lyon kentinde adı açıklanmayan bir adam, aynı anda ilişki yaşadığı dört sevgilisinin saldırısına uğradı.
Times gazetesinin haberine göre internet üzerinden birbiriyle iletişime geçen dört kadın, aldatıldıklarını anlayınca adamın Sathonay-Camp'te bulunan evinin önünde buluşma kararı aldı.
Polis raporuna göre kadınlar adamı makasla tehdit etti, adama tokat attı, hakaret etti ve adamın başına vazo fırlattılar.
27 yaşındaki adamın acil servisi aramasıyla bölgeye polis ve ambulans intikal etti.
Olaydan iki gün sonra gözaltına alınan kadınların, sevgililerine aldıkları kıyafet ve cep telefonu gibi eşyalara da el koydukları öne sürüldü.
Kadınlar Eylül ayında grup olarak şiddet uygulamak ve hırsızlık yapmaktan ötürü mahkeme karşısına çıkacak.
Polise göre olayı küçük yaralarla atlatan adam dört kadının yanı sıra internet üzerinden tanıştığı başka kadınlarla da ilişki kuruyordu.
Le Progres adlı yerel gazete kadınların 'gerçek bir intikam' aldığı yorumunda bulundu.
Kaynak: BBC TürkçeGüncelleme Tarihi: 06 Nisan 2018, 17:52<|endoftext|>_ مارتین لوتر کینگ جونیور که بود؟
مارتین لوتر کینگ جونیور (Martin Luther King, Jr) در ۱۵ ژانویه ۱۹۲۹ و در در یک خانواده متوسط در آتلانتا جورجیا به دنیا آمد. پدر و پدربزرگ وی از رهبران فرقه باپتیست (تعمیدگرا) بودند و همین تمایلات مذهبی موجب ادامه تحصیل وی در رشته علوم دینی شد.
او در ایالتی رشد کرد که سخت گرفتار جداسازی نژادی بود. او هم تحصیلات سکولار و هم مذهبی داشت و در سال ۱۹۵۵ دکترای خود را در رشته الهیات از دانشگاه بوستون گرفت. در سال ۱۹۵۴ اندکی پس از آن که به عنوان کشیش در کلیسای باپتیست در خیابان دکستر در مونتگمری آلاباما مشغول به کار شد.
مبارزه مدنی در مونتگمری، کینگ را در کانون جنبش فعالین حقوق مدنی قرار داد. دکتر مارتین لوترکینگ کشیش باپتیست آموزش دیده ای بود که می کوشید تا سطح آگاهی عمومی در مورد نژادپرستی را بالا برد و بدین وسیله بتواند به تبعیض نژادی و جداسازی نژادی در ایالات متحده پایان دهد.
در حالی که هدف اصلی او برابری نژادی بود، وی در ابتدا هدف های کوچک تری را انتخاب کرد و مبارزات ریشه ای محلی برای برابری حقوق آمریکایی های آفریقایی تبار را سازمان داد. در سال ۱۹۵۵ او فعالانه در نخستین مبارزه مهم برای حقوق مدنی در مونتگمری آلاباما شرکت کرد. جایی که جداسازی نژادی در اتوبوس ها وجود داشت.
در یکی از رویدادها رزا پارکس، یک زن آمریکایی آفریقایی تبار، که حاضر نشده بود جایش را در وسط اتوبوس به مرد سفید پوستی بدهد،به جرم نافرمانی مدنی بازداشت شد. بازداشت پارکس تاکتیکی هماهنگ شده برای سازمان دهی یک جنبش ریشه ای بود که موفق شد اتوبوس رانی مونتگمری را بایکوت نماید.
لوترکینگ پارکس را به خاطر اعتبار خوب در جامعه سیاهان و وضعیت شغل و تاهل او به عنوان چهره اصلی این مبارزه برگزیده بود . قبلا در سال ۱۹۵۵ “کلودت کلوین” دختر جوان سیاه پوست ۱۵ ساله ای به همین جرم بازداشت شده بود ولی کینگ و هم رزمان حقوق مدنی اش او را چهره موثری برای مبارزه حقوق مدنی تشخیص ندادند. رزا پارکس چهره ای بود که کینگ می خواست او را به عنوان نماد مبارزه مدنی به دنیا نشان دهد و این تاکتیکی بسیار حیاتی برای مبارزات محلی بود.
زندانی بودن پارکس به عنوان قربانی تبعیض نژادی، کینگ را قادر ساخت که عکس العمل بسیار مناسبی را در سراسر جامعه گسترش دهد. او جامعه آفریقایی تباران آمریکا را بسیج کرد که حمل و نقل عمومی مونتگمری را بایکوت نموده و خواستار برابری نژاد ی در سیستم حمل ونقل عمومی شوند.
پس از یک سال بایکوت، دادگاه منطقه ای ایالت متحده آمریکا، در پرونده” برودر علیه گیل” جداسازی نژادی در اتوبوس های مونتگمری را منع کرد. از بسیاری جهات، بایکوت اتوبوس رانی مونتگمری سبب خیزش جنبشی ملی برای از بین بردن تبعیض نژادی شد. کینگ این جنبش را رهبری می کرد.
– رویایی دارم و جایزه صلح نوبل:
موفقیت مبارزه در مونتگمری، سبب شد که کینگ و هم رزمان آمریکایی آفریقایی تبارش برای حقوق مدنی ، در سال ۱۹۵۷، “کنفرانس رهبری مسیحی های جنوب” را تشکیل دهند که هدف آن استفاده از ارزش های اخلاقی و قدرت سازمان دهی کلیساهای جنوب، به منظور اصلاحات در حقوق مدنی، با بهره گیری از شیوه مبارزات بی خشونت بود.
کینگ به عنوان رهبر “کنفرانس مسیحی های جنوب” دست به سازمان دهی مبارزات محلی برای از بین بردن جداس
|
8,546 | -1 | 3 |
اره می کشد. لوول مکان این سیاره مرموز را در سال 1915 پیش بینی کرد، اما بدون یافتن علت درگذشت. پلوتون سرانجام در سال 1930 توسط کلاید تومبا در رصدخانه لاول و بر اساس پیش بینی های لاول و سایر ستاره شناسان کشف شد.
پلوتو به افتخار ونیتی برنی ۱۱ ساله از آکسفورد انگلستان که به پدربزرگش پیشنهاد کرد که نام دنیای جدید را به نام خدای رومی دنیای زیرین نامگذاری کنند، گرفته شده است. سپس پدربزرگش این نام را به رصدخانه لاول منتقل کرد. این نام همچنین ادای احترام به پرسیوال لاول است که حروف اول آن دو حرف اول پلوتون است. هر دو “P” پرسیوال و “L” لاول در آن نام جدید بودند.
خصوصیات فیزیکی پلوتون چیست؟
از آنجایی که پلوتو از زمین بسیار دور است، تا حدود سال 2015، زمانی که فضاپیمای افق های جدید ناسا از نزدیک پلوتون عبور کرد، اطلاعات کمی در مورد اندازه یا وضعیت سطح این سیاره کوتوله وجود داشت. نیوهورایزنز نشان داد که قطر پلوتو 1473 مایل (2370 کیلومتر)، کمتر از یک پنجم قطر زمین و تنها حدود دو سوم عرض ماه است.
مشاهدات سطح پلوتون توسط فضاپیمای نیوهورایزنز ویژگی های سطحی مختلفی را نشان داد، از جمله کوه هایی تا ارتفاع 11000 پا (3500 متر) قابل مقایسه با کوه های راکی زمین. در حالی که یخ، متان و نیتروژن بیشتر سطح پلوتو را پوشانده اند، اما به اندازه کافی قوی نیستند که بتوانند چنین قله های عظیمی را تحمل کنند، بنابراین دانشمندان گمان می کنند که کوه ها روی بستری از آب یخ زده شکل گرفته اند.
سطح پلوتو نیز از یخ متان فراوان پوشیده شده است، اما دانشمندان نیوهورایزنز متوجه تفاوت های قابل توجهی در نحوه تأثیر نور یخی بر سطح سیاره کوتوله شده اند. ویژگی های پلوتون بسیار اسرارآمیز و جذاب است و تحقیقات زیادی هنوز روی این سیاره کوتوله مرموز در حال انجام است.
نکات مرموز برای سیاره کوتوله پلوتو
موضوعات زیادی در بین دانشمندان ذکر شده است، از جمله بافت های عجیب سطح پلوتو باعث شده است که بسیاری از دانشمندان آن را با حرکات زمین شناسی مرتبط کنند که خود منجر به فرضیه های علمی جدید خواهد شد.
پلوتون دارای صفحات یخی است که به شکل رگه های تیره ای به طول چندین مایل و در یک جهت هستند. این احتمال وجود دارد که خطوط در اثر وزش بادهای قوی در سطح سیاره کوتوله ایجاد شده باشد. اینها همه چیزهایی هستند که پلوتو را به یک کوتوله مرموز تبدیل کردند.
تلسکوپ فضایی هابل ناسا همچنین شواهدی نشان داده است که پوسته پلوتون ممکن است حاوی مولکول های آلی پیچیده باشد.
سطح پلوتو یکی از سردترین نقاط منظومه شمسی است که دمای آن در حدود منفی 387 درجه فارنهایت (منفی 232 درجه سانتیگراد) است. در مقایسه با تصاویر قبلی، تصاویر گرفته شده از پلوتون توسط تلسکوپ فضایی هابل نشان می دهد که به نظر می رسد این سیاره کوتوله در طول زمان تغییر رنگ داده است، که دانشمندان آن را به تغییرات فصلی در جو پلوتو مرتبط می دانند.
پلوتون ممکن است اقیانوس زیرزمینی داشته باشد (این یکی از مباحث داغ دانشمندان است)، و اگرچه شواهد قانع کننده ای از حیات باستانی در پلوتون وجود ندارد، تحقیقات هنوز ادامه دارد. اگر اقیانوس زیرزمینی وجود داشته باشد، می تواند به طور قابل توجهی بر تاریخ پلوتون تأثیر بگذارد. به عنوان مثال، دانشمندان دریافته اند که منطقه سیاره اسپوتنیک جهت پلوتون را به دلیل مقدار یخ موجود در منطقه تغییر داده است که به قدری شدید بود که پلوتون را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. نیوهورایزنز تخمین می زند که ضخامت یخ در این قسمت از پلوتون حدود 6 مایل (10 کیلومتر) است. محققان افزودند که اقیانوس زیرزمینی بهترین توضیح برای شواهد است، اما هنوز نمی توان با اطمینان گفت. اگر پلوتون مایع و انرژی اقیانوسی کافی داشت، برخی از دانشمندان فکر می کردند که پلوتون می تواند پناهگاهی برای زندگی باشد. آیا پلوتون خانه بعدی انسان ها خواهد بود؟ این یک سوال مبهم است که فقط زمان مشخص خواهد کرد.
شکل زنجیره چیست و پلوتون چگونه می چرخد؟
پلوتون در مقایسه با سایر سیارات منظومه شمسی به سمت عقب می چرخد. از شرق به غرب برمی گردد. این یکی از تفاوت های اصلی بین پلوتون و سیارات اصلی منظومه شمسی بود. در قسمت بعدی دورترین و نزدیکترین فاصله پلوتو از زمین را برای درک بهتر بخشی از فاصله پلوتون مشاهده می کنیم.
میانگین فاصله از خورشید: 3,670,050,000 مایل (5,906,380,000 کیلومتر) – 39,482 برابر زمین
عمق (نزدیک ترین به خورشید): 2,755,773,000 مایل (4,434,987,000 کیلومتر) – 30,151 برابر زمین
اوفلیا (دورترین فاصله از خورشید): 4,538,698,000 مایل (7,304,326,000 کیلومتر) – 48,023 برابر زمین
سیاره کوتوله پلوتو چند قمر دارد؟
پلوتون دارای پنج قمر است: شارون، استیکس، نیکس، سربروس و هیدرا که شارون نزدیکترین قمر به پلوتون است و هیدرا دورترین قمر از پلوتون است.
در سال 1978، ستاره شناسان دریافتند که پلوتو دارای قمر بسیار بزرگی است که تقریباً نصف سیاره کوتوله است. این ماه در اساطیر یونان شارون نامیده می شد، دیو اسطوره ای که ارواح را به عالم اموات می برد.
آیا پلوتون هنوز مکانی برای مطالعه دانشمندان است؟
آره! دانشمندان مدتهاست که به پلوتون علاقهمند بودهاند و حذف پلوتون از فهرست سیارات اصلی تأثیری بر این علاقه نداشته است.
فضاپیمای نیوهورایزنز ناسا شروع به کاوش در مریخ کرده است
ماموریت نیوهورایزنز ناسا اولین فضاپیمایی است که پلوتو، قمرهای آن و دیگر کوتوله های کمربند کویپر را از نزدیک رصد می کند. این فضاپیما در ژانویه 2006 به فضا پرتاب شد و در 14 جولای 2015 با موفقیت نزدیکترین فاصله خود را تا پلوتون ثبت کرد. جالب است بدانید که فضاپیمای نیوهورایزنز برخی از خاکسترهای کاشف پلوتو، کلاید تومبا را حمل می کند.
دانش محدودی که دانشمندان در مورد منظومه پلوتون داشتند، خطرات بی سابقه ای را برای فضاپیمای نیوهورایزنز به همراه داشت. قبل از پرتاب این ماموریت، دانشمندان می دانستند که تنها سه قمر در اطراف پلوتو وجود دارد. اما با تحقیقات بیشتر، قمرهای دیگر پلوتو شناسایی شدند و با گذشت زمان، دانش ما از جهان اطراف افزایش یافت، این دانش همچنان در حال گسترش است و دانشمندان در حال کشف رازهای جالب تری در مورد این ستاره کوچک اما ماجراجو هستند.
سوالات متداول در مورد پلوتون
نه! دانشمندان هنوز در حال مطالعه بر روی پلوتو هستند.
در سال 2006 پلوتو از فهرست سیارات بزرگ حذف شد.
آره؛ پلوتو 5 قمر دارد.<|endoftext|>Why Canyon Heights Academy?
The CHA Early Montessori toddler classroom is an environment of children working together in harmony and peace. The atmosphere is positive, supportive and non-competitive. Our program for children ages 18-36 months is different from a play-based program, babysitting service or a daycare center. Rather, it is authentically Montessori, designed to take advantage of a child’s sensitive years when he/she can absorb information from our very rich, beautiful environment.
We take advantage of the toddler’s sensitive periods for order and build on that interest to establish good habits that last a lifetime; the toddler is able to absorb language from our rich environment and learns to express his needs; The Toddler is eager to learn to take care of her/himself, to become independent and is guided to learn how to do things without help.
In addition to incorporating the Montessori principles, we introduce children to:
We translate virtues into simple, age-appropriate language.
Six core virtues that appear in all cultures create happy and healthy “mindedness”:
- Wisdom and Knowledge: creativity, curiosity, open-mindedness, love of learning, perspective
- Courage: bravery, persistence, integrity, vitality
- Humanity: love, kindness, social intelligence
- Justice: citizenship, fairness, leadership
- Temperance: forgiveness and mercy, humility and modesty
- Transcendence: appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude, hope, humor and spirituality
We listen to and talk about truly beautiful music, including: chants, folk music and sacred music by various artists, and well as classical music of Hayden, Strauss and Mozart.
Children develop an awareness of the elements and principals of art by using appropriate language while they are creating, such as negative space, lines, color, perspective, and so on. Children recognize the works of famous artists including Michelangelo, Rafael, Mary Cassatt, Tommy De Paola, and Paul Klee.
We are members of the National Association of the Catechesis of the Good Shepherd, based in Scottsdale, AZ. Catechesis of the Good Shepherd came about through the work of two Roman Catholic laywomen in Rome: Sofia Cavalletti and Gianna Gobbi. They were inspired by the educational principles of Maria Montessori. The materials they prepared for children since 1954 are based on the Bible, the Roman Catholic liturgy and sacraments, Tradition, and Church teachings. In 1985 a Level I course welcomed participants from both Catholic and other Christian traditions. Since that time, the ecumenical character of the roster for each course has continued.
- Mommy & Me
- Montessori Toddler Program
- Montessori Preschool
- Lower School
- First Grade Curriculum
- Second Grade Curriculum
- Third Grade Curriculum
- Fourth Grade Curriculum
- Fifth Grade Curriculum
- Middle School
- Student Learning Expectations
Open House Schedule
Upcoming Virtual Open House Dates
- Saturday, Dec. 5, 2020 (Grades K-8)
- Saturday, Dec. 12, 2020 (Grades PK-K)
- Saturday, Dec. 12, 2020 (Early Montessori only @ 11:00 am)
- Saturday, Jan. 9, 2021 (Grades K-8)
- Saturday, Jan. 23, 2021 (Grades PK-K)
- Saturday, Jan. 23, 2021 (Early Montessori only @ 11:00 am)
- Saturday, Jan. 30, 2021 (Grades K-8)
- Saturday, Feb. 20, 2021 (Grades K-8)
- Saturday, Feb. 27, 2021 (Grades PK-K)
- Saturday, Feb. 27, 2021 (Early Montessori only @ 11:00 am)
- Contact us for a personalized tour
Apply to Canyon Heights Academy<|endoftext|>PERTH, AVUSTRALYA
2 dil okulları içinde Perth,1420 Avustralya Doları-1420 Avustralya Doları tutarları arasında olan fiyatlarla konaklama da dahil olmak üzere 2 haftalar İngilizce kursu.
Fiyatları ve müşteri değerlendirmelerini karşılaştırın.
Fiyatları ve müşteri değerlendirmelerini karşılaştırın.
Perth
Öğrenilecek dil kursları:Perth International College of English
Öğrenilecek dil kursları:Study & Live in your Teacher's Home
Dil kurslarına rezervasyon yaptırmak için dünya çapında en çok ziyaret edilen bağımsız site, İngilizce dersleri & İngilizce dil sınıfları Avustralya listesindeki İngilizce okullarında & İngilizce Yurt dışı dil öğrenim programları.<|endoftext|>Once in A Great City
A Detroit StoryLarge Print - 2015
It's 1963 and Detroit is on top of the world. The city's leaders are among the most visionary in America: Henry Ford II; labor leader Walter Reuther; Motown founder Berry Gordy; the Reverend C.L. Franklin and his daughter, Aretha; Governor George Romney; super car salesman Lee Iacocca; Martin Luther King. It was a time full of promise. But in Once in a Great City, David Maraniss shows that the shadows of collapse were evident even then.
Published: Waterville, Maine :, Thorndike Press, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning,, 2015.
Branch Call Number: 977.434 MAR
Characteristics: 693 pages (large print) :,illustrations, maps ;,23 cm. large print, rda<|endoftext|>Test — CS:GO Major Turnuvaları Hakkındaki Bilginizi Ölçüyoruz
StarLadder Berlin Major 2019’a sadece aylar kala CS:GO major turnuvaları hakkındaki bilginizi ölçüyoruz. Orta zorlukta diyebileceğimiz testimizden alacağınız sonucu yorumlarda belirtmeyi unutmayın 🙂
1. İlk major turnuvayı düzenleyen organizasyon aşağıdakilerden hangisiydi?
2. Hangi major turnuva ile birlikte ödül havuzu 250.000$'dan 1.000.000$'a ilk defa yükseldi?
3. Major elemeleri olarak adlandırdığımız "The New Challengers" aşamasında yer alan takımların stickerları oyuna hangi major turnuva ile eklenmeye başlandı?
4. Aşağıdaki takımlardan hangisini son major olan IEM Katowice Major 2019'un 16 takımın yer aldığı Legends aşamasında göremedik?
5. Birinciliği 3, ikinciliği 2, üç ve dördüncülüğü 1 puan olarak hesaplasaydık, major turnuvalardan en yüksek puanı alan takım aşağıdakilerden hangisi olurdu?
6. Aşağıdaki oyunculardan hangisinin 3'den az major şampiyonluğu bulunmaktadır?
7. Major turnuvalardan birden fazla HLTV MVP ödülü alabilmiş tek oyuncu aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
8. Ninjas in Pyjamas takımının yer almadığı ilk major turnuva aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
9. Aynı ülkeden 3 oyuncu olması durumunda takımı milli takım saysaydık, hangi ülke en fazla major şampiyonluğunu kazanmış olurdu?
10. Aşağıdaki oyunculardan hangisi hiçbir major turnuvayı kazanamamıştır?
Sonucunu paylaş:<|endoftext|>Senza il Manchester United, il calcio non sarebbe diventato lo sport più importante al mondo. Un gruppo assicurativo britannico aveva bisogno di un veicolo pubblicitario per il mercato asiatico e scelse le sue maglie rosse. Il calcio è oggi in mano a grandi gruppi di investimento, ad esempio RedBird gestisce il Milan, mentre il Paris Saint Germain è di Qatar Investment Authority. Esistono però anche team a gestione familiare, come la Fiorentina dei Commisso. L’Inter Miami non è poi degli Zhang, ma di un gruppo capitanato da David Beckham.
(Lorenzo Tiezzi)<|endoftext|>Tutti i locali comuni e privati sono per non-fumatori
Vasca da bagno
Descrizione
Situato a Londra, a 1,3 km dalla Wembley Arena, a 1,6 km dal London Designer Outlet e a 1,9 km dallo Stadio di Wembley, il NEW Stunning 3 Bedroom House near Wembley Stadium offre la connessione WiFi gratuita. L'appartamento presenta 3 camere da letto, una TV, una cucina attrezzata con lavastoviglie e forno a microonde, e 2 bagni con vasca. Per una maggiore comodità, la struttura fornisce asciugamani e lenzuola a un costo aggiuntivo. La struttura dista 9 km dal Mercato di Portobello Road e 10 km dal Lord's Cricket Ground. 24 km dall'Aeroporto più vicino, quello di Londra-Heathrow.
Numero di camere : 1<|endoftext|>NON MOLLARE MAI! La chiave dell’autorealizzazione non sta nel nascere con un quoziente di intelligenza superiore, o con una presenza fisica eccezionale. Né nel carisma, o nella capacità di comunicazione. La storia dei grandi insegna invece che “realizzarsi” significa soprattutto… non mollare mai!!! “Winners never quit, quitters never win” dicono gli americani.
COME TROVARE LA FORZA DELL'AUTOMOTIVAZIONE "Un uomo, se ci crede veramente, può diventare re". Lo disse una volta Casanova. Dopo di lui lo ripeterono in molti. Il significato dell'affermazione è ben più profondo e veritiero di quanto possa sembrare all'apparenza: un re infatti non deve possedere necessariamente un regno per sentirsi tale.
MANTIENI LA ROTTA! Quando qualcuno ti dice che non puoi o che non sei abbastanza bravo, che non hai le qualità necessarie ad avere successo, tieni sempre presente questo: - I genitori del famoso cantante d'opera Enrico Caruso volevano che diventasse ingegnere. Il suo insegnante diceva che non aveva voce e non
L'HANNO DETTO LORO “Nulla è buono o cattivo, a renderlo tale è il pensiero”. Shakespeare Ciò che importa non è la realtà in sé, ma l’interpretazione che ciascuno dà di essa. La medesima situazione può assumere un significato diverso per persone diverse, poiché essi la interpretano secondo le proprie esperienze precedenti o lo
IL LEONE-PECORA Un leone si imbatté in un gregge e con sua sorpresa scorse un altro leone tra le pecore. Si trattava di un leone cresciuto
|
8,547 | 0 | 0 |
فاز) ولتاژی برابر بين سیم فاز و سيم نول برقرار خواهد شد. از آنجا که قطع شدن سیم نول در محل اتصال ها و ترمینال امکان پذیر است و عملاً هم پیش می آید، سیستم TN-C برای تأسیسات با سیم کشی ثابت که سطح مقطع سیم های مسی آنها از ۱۰ میلی مترمربع یا سیم های آلومینیومی آنها از ۱۶ میلی مترمربع کمتر است، مناسب نیست.
درصورت استفاده از کابل های هم محور و اتصالات مضاعف استفاده از سیم های دارای سطح مقطع ۴ میلی مترمربع در این سیستم اشکالی ندارد. برای جلوگیری از قطع شدن سیم نول باید همه احتمالات درنظر گرفته و همه امکانات بکار گرفته شود.
اتصال ها و ترمینال ها باید با دقت تمام کنترل شوند. باید در نظر داشت که استفاده از یک ترمینال برای ایجاد اتصال الکتریکی بین چند سیم خطرناک است. بهتر است برای اتصال دادن از پیچ و مهره ضامن شونده یا جوشکاری استفاده شود. برای جلوگیری از جریان هرز و احتمال آتش سوزی باید سیم نول حفاظتی را مانند سیم های فاز عایق بندی کرد. در سیستم TN-C سيم نول حفاظتی به عنوان قسمتی از زمین محسوب می شود و عایق بندی کردن آن در داخل ادوات قطع و وصل و کنترل، ضروری نیست. استفاده از رله جریان پس ماند در این سیستم مجاز نیست.
سیستم TN-C-S
در سیستم TN-C-S با قطع شدن سیم PEN یعنی نول حفاظتی ولتاژی برابر ولتاژ بین فاز و نول بين قسمتهای هادی در دسترس تجهیزات و زمین برقرار می شود.
سیستم TN–S
در سیستم TN-S سیم نول و سیم حفاظتی در سراسر توزیع نیرو از یکدیگر مجزا هستند. مزیت عمده سیستم TN-S در این است که تنها قطعی سیم حفاظتی نمی تواند باعث خطر به علت خود اقدام حفاظتی شود. یک قطعی و همزمان با آن خراب شدن عایق بندی پایه می تواند خطر آفرین باشد که این امر احتمال خطر را بسیار کم می کند. عایق بندی سیم نول نسبت به زمین در این سیستم احتمال آتش سوزی را کاهش می دهد. به علت وجود سیم حفاظتی مجزا، امکان استفاده از وسایل حفاظت دیگر مانند رله نشتی جریان وجود دارد.
در پایان کار و تحویل برای بهره برداری سیستم های TN باید با بازرسی موشکافانه بی عیب بودن این سیستم از نظر عدم وجود پارگی در سیم نول و سیم حفاظتی، عوض نشدن سیم ها با یکدیگر و عدم وجود اتصالی به زمین سیم نول و غیره باید محقق شود. بالاخره موثر بودن سیستم های TN باید با اندازه گیری جریان اتصالی کوتاه سیستم توزیع نیروی برق وجريان اتصال کوتاه تأسیسات برق مصرف کننده و آزمون عملکرد وسایل حفاظتی، جای هیچ شکی از خود برجای نگذارد. در سیستم های TN ممكن است که سیم فاز با زمین اتصالی کند، مثلاً در خطوط هوایی، در این صورت باید شرایطی برقرار باشد که ولتاژ نقطه خنثی نسبت به زمین از ۷۵۰ بیشتر نشود.
سیستم TT
سیستم TT در سیستم های توزیع زمین شده اجرا می شود، برای جلوگیری از برقراری ولتاژ تماس خطر آفرین در قسمت های هادی در دسترس تجهیزات برقی است. در صورت خراب شدن عایق بندی پایه و برقدار شدن قسمت های هادی در دسترس تجهیزات برقی، وسیله حفاظت عمل می کند و برق تجهیزاتی را که دچار اتصالی اند قطع می کند. در سیستم های TT می توان وسیله حفاظت در برابر اضافه جریان و رله جریان پس ماند را بکار برد.
عمل کردن ناخواسته محافظ جان در اثر اضافه ولتاژهای دارای منشأ جوی و غيره توسط تعاونی حرفه ای مکانیک و الکتروتکنیک آلمان و شرکت برق رسانی اتریش مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. این بررسی ها نشان می دهد که قطع ناخواسته رله جریان پس ماند در سیستم های TT بیشتر از سیستم های TN است. قطع ناخواسته در خطوط هوایی بیشتر از خطوط کابل زیرزمینی است. در شرایط جوی آلمان و اتریش، حداکثر قطع ناخواسته در سیستم TT تا ۴۱ درصد و در سیستم TN تا ۳۳ درصد بوده است.
وجود یک اتصالی توسط وسيله ناظر بر عایق بندی هشدار داده می شود. حفاظت با اخبار حالت وجود اتصالی برای اماکنی است که حفاظت با قطع خودکار برق در حالت وجود اتصالی برای آنها مجاز نیست، مانند اطاق عمل و بعضی از تأسیسات صنعتی.
سیستم IT
سیستم IT در سیستم های توزیع برق زمین نشده قابل اجراست. نقطه ستاره سیستم توزیع نیروی زمین نشده است و یا برحسب ضرورت برای میراندن اضافه ولتاژها یا کاهش نوسان ولتاژها از طریق یک امپدانس بزرگ، به زمین وصل می شود.
هادی های در دسترس تجهیزات مصرف کننده برق و هادی های بیگانه، تک تک، گروه گروه، یا پس از هم بندی حفاظتی از طریق سیم حفاظتی به الكترود زمین مشترک وصل می شود. مقاومت این هادي ها نسبت به الكترود زمین نباید از ۲۰ Ω زیادتر باشد.
یک وسیله ناظر بر عایق بندی بین سیم های فاز سیستم توزیع نیرو و سیم حفاظتی وصل می شود. وسیله ناظر بر عایق بندی کاهش عمده تراز عایق بندی تأسیسات را با علائم های صوتی یا تصویری خبر می دهد. بدین ترتیب با شنیدن با دیدن علامت وسيله ناظر، باید بلافاصله برای رفع اتصالی اقدام کرد. وسيله ناظر بر عایق بندی علاوه بر این هشدار دهنده، برای تجهیزاتی است که عایق بندی آن ها برای ولتاژ بین فاز و زمین طراحی شده و در حالت وجود تک اتصالی در سیستم IT ولتاژی برابر ولتاژ بین فاز – فاز به عایق بندی آن ها اعمال می شود.
در سیستم IT قطع برق تجهیزات در حالت وجود اتصالی ضرورتی ندارد. ولی اگر در حالت وجود اتصالی، اتصالی مستقل دیگری هم پیش آید، وسیله حفاظت مناسب باید برق تجهيزات دچار اتصالی را قطع کند، شرایط برای قطع این وسیله باید همان شرایطی باشد که برای سیستم TN گفته شد. در صورت توزیع سيم نول در سیستم IT تجهیزات که بین فاز و نول وصل می شوند، باید برای ولتاژ بین فاز – فاز عایق بندی شود.
در سیستم IT می توان با ایجاد اولین اتصالی برق تجهيزات مصرف کننده را وسیله حفاظت مناسب قطع کرد. در این صورت این گونه IT هم نوعی حفاظت برای قطع خودکار برق در برابر اتصالی است. سیستم IT برای اماکن یا ناحیه ای بکار می رود که دارای ژنراتور یاترانسفورماتور مخصوص به خود باشد.
در صورتی که سوالی در خصوص مطالب بیان شده دارید می توانید در قسمت نظرات از ما بپرسید یا با ارائه پیشنهادات خود، ما را در بالا بردن کیفیت مقالات یاری کنید.<|endoftext|>Injuries are the leading cause of death for individuals under 45 years of age, and are a significant public health problem in the USA1. Specifically, traumatic brain injury accounts for almost one-third of all injury deaths2. This problem is even more pronounced when looking specifically at the pediatric population3, where traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality4-15 . Further, a myriad of problems exist when looking specifically at accessing the necessary medical care to treat traumatic brain injuries in rural-area children.
Access to healthcare services in rural areas is a well known problem, and includes limited availability of health services through the remote location, the isolation of rural areas as injury sites, difficulties with transportation, extended travel distances to healthcare facilities, lack of health insurance, and additional access problems associated with lower socioeconomic status16. This becomes even more problematic when looking at the pediatric populations in rural areas. With isolation and access to care already problematic for rural areas, rural children may be more isolated than their adult counterparts when considering the level of care needed to treat pediatric traumatic injuries. In interviews conducted by Robertson in 2009, Emergency Medical Service (EMS) providers indicated that while time and distance are known problems plaguing rural areas, children sustaining traumatic brain injury are generally best served at high-level trauma centers specializing in pediatric care17. Additionally, pediatric traumatic brain injuries require direct transport to these high-level trauma centers, receiving little to no benefit from being treated at local lower-level hospitals. Where adults can be treated for similar injuries at these lower-level hospitals, such centers are generally not equipped or staffed to effectively manage severe brain trauma in children18,19. While high-level pediatric trauma hospitals are better equipped to treat the severity and unique presentation of a pediatric injury, they are generally located in urban centers. As a result, fewer appropriately equipped hospitals are available to rural children who, because of this, may need to endure extended travel time to access an appropriate level of care.
While many health service studies examine differences at the rural and urban county levels, relatively few studies exist that compare resources and service provision according to town size. It stands to reason that larger towns will have better access to funds, are closer in proximity to the higher levels of health services found in the urban centers, and that individuals injured in such towns may benefit from these two factors. Henderson and Taylor posited that technological advances in healthcare delivery further divide the delivery of care between rural and urban areas due to resource differences at the town level20.
This report is a follow-up to Robertson's 2009 study of severe traumatic brain injury in children admitted to the Children's Medical Center Dallas17, one of several level I trauma centers in North Texas, and the only trauma center in the region specializing in children during the time of the data collection. Data collected and analyzed at the county level for a previous study were re-analyzed here to examine injury severity and outcome between town sizes and determine if significant differences can be established at this finer geo-demographic level. Given that rural areas are more isolated, have limited funds, and limited resources, it is assumed that these problems are compounded at the town level. It is then hypothesized that comparisons between town sizes will yield more significant differences in injury severity and outcome than comparisons between county designations.
Following Institutional Review Board approval at both UT Southwestern Medical Center and the University of Texas at Dallas, data were collected on all patients seen at the Children's Medical Center Dallas for severe traumatic brain injury. The Children's Medical Center Dallas trauma census was utilized to collect data over a five-year period. Inclusion criteria were based on a previous study17, using ICD-9 codes 800, 801, 802, 804, 850-854, and 959.01. Medical charts were reviewed to gather data on patient age, sex, county of injury, designation of the county as either rural or urban, the Rural-Urban Commuting Area 2 (RUCA 2) code for the patient's residence, the type of injury as accidental or non-accidental, whether the patient had a localized head injury or if the injury affected other body systems, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at the scene of injury, GCS on admission, Injury Severity Score (ISS) on admission, the Trauma Score and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Trauma Score, length of hospital stay (LOS), and outcome mortality (defined as whether the patient recovered to discharge from the hospital or died during the hospital stay). Patients were excluded if they did not have an accidental injury, or were identified as any form of abuse, assault, or injury through other purposeful means.
The GCS is a clinical measure of neurological functioning ranging from 3 to 15 and is based on eye movement, motor movement, and verbal appropriateness6. Severe traumatic brain injury is associated with GCS scores of less than 84,8. The ISS is another clinical measure of injury severity based on an examination of six different body systems17,21, where higher ISS scores signal worse injuries. The TRISS is a third clinical measure predicting survivability of a particular injury22,23, and Trauma Scores are the final clinical measure. Trauma Scores were collected and recorded by Trauma Services at Children's Medical Center Dallas. The calculation was reported previously17, but is a summed value of scores ranging from -1 to +2 on 6 additional physiological variables (patient size, airway, level of consciousness, blood pressure, fractures, and cutaneous examination). These values were added to a revised GCS score where points were assigned to a specific GCS range, where four points were assigned to a GCS range of 13-15, three were assigned to a GCS range of 9-12, two points were assigned to a GCS range of 6-8, one point assigned to a GCS range of 4 or 5, and no points assigned to a GCS of 3. Lower Trauma Scores are associated with worse injuries.
Urban-rural differences are often analyzed using county-level data, typically out of either convenience afforded by readily available and widely used Department of Agriculture Urban Rural Continuum codes24, the unambiguous boundaries that identify its spatial characteristics, or the abundant supply of socio-economic data that can be accessed and used in an analysis of the types of differences of interest. A major confounding factor in the use of counties, however, is the frequent existence of urban centers within officially designated rural counties and rural fringe in otherwise urbanized counties. As an alternative to a county-level analysis employing problematic urban/rural designations, this analysis adopts an alternative geographic coding system, also a product of the Department of Agriculture, the RUCA225, a coding system that allows the identification and codification of towns according to size and activity patterns. Using the stratification methods previously employed by Robertson17, RUCA2 codes were broken down in the following manner to determine town sizes:
- Urban: 1, 1.2, 2.1, 3
- Large town: 4, 4.1, 4.2, 5, 5.2, 6, 6.1
- Small town: 7, 7.1, 7.3, 7.4, 8, 8.3, 9, 9.2
- Isolated town: 10, 10.2, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6.
Groups were then stratified by the size of the town into either small or large towns, and were compared for severity and outcome for accidental injuries. Urban and large towns were designated 'Larger Towns', and small and isolated towns were classified as 'Smaller Towns'. Data were analyzed using χ2 for nominal data, and t-tests for continuous variables. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS v15.0 (SPSS; Chicago, IL, USA; www.spss.com) with p-values <0.05 considered statistically significant.
In all, 444 patients of the original sample of 545 met the 'accidental injury' inclusion criterion for patients admitted to the Children's Medical Center Dallas with severe traumatic brain injuries. A significant majority of the injuries occurred in Texas, but patients injured in Oklahoma and Arkansas were also seen at the Children's Medical Center Dallas and were included in the analysis. Demographic information by city size is presented (Table 1). Smaller-town patients accounted for 8.6% (n = 38) of the study sample, while larger-town patients accounted for 91.4% (n = 406). The average age at presentation was 5.67 years, with smaller-town patients presenting almost a full year older than larger-town patients. No statistical differences between town sizes were found for age, the type of injury, sex, or discharge status.
Severity comparisons are shown for smaller and larger towns (Table 2) and rural and urban counties (Table 3). As hypothesized, comparisons between town sizes for GCS on admission, ISS, and LOS become even greater compared with observed differences between urban and rural counties; however, only LOS showed statistically significant differences at the 0.05 p-value for these variables. Conversely, Trauma Scores, GCS on scene and TRISS scores become less diverse when comparing town sizes, rather than for county type comparisons. Interestingly, while TRISS and LOS comparisons between county designations have p-values of 0.055, the p-values for these measures drop below the 0.05 significance level when drawing comparisons between town sizes. The ISS, however, are not statistically significant despite expanding from a difference of 1.72 between rural and urban counties to an almost 3 point difference in town-size comparisons.
Table 1: Demographic information
Table 2: Severity measures' comparison of small and large towns
Table 3: County severity measures according to rural and urban locationz17
Access to healthcare in rural populations is a serious public health problem in the USA. The authors report that while 20% of the American population currently resides in a rural area, only 10% of physicians practice in these areas26. Access to basic healthcare in rural areas is a problem, and several factors contribute to the actual use of these services, including convenience, cost, and time27. Additionally, rural environments differ from urban environments not only in location and socioeconomic status, but also in the nature of work dynamics and the environmental conditions found in rural areas. Rural areas typically have more labor-intensive jobs that expose individuals to environmental and chemical hazards28-30 , and these problems often extend to children, particularly concerning agricultural work31-33 . It is estimated that 100 childhood deaths, and 23 000 childhood injuries are related to agriculture annually33. Traumatic brain injury, accounts for almost 90% of all pediatric injury deaths6.
Rural areas also have the added problem of lower levels of funding and available resources compared to more urbanized areas. This results in limited funds to training EMS personnel, fewer resources to treat traumatic injuries, and a heavier reliance on lower-trained emergency medical staff and volunteer emergency workers34,35. This is not to ignore the value of the contribution of volunteers in the rural health workforce, but as stated by Rogers et al35, volunteers are by definition secondary EMS personnel. However, some authors dispute the benefit of being treated by a highly-trained paramedic due to delays in obtaining hospital care because of a paramedic's ability to treat emergencies and the subsequent increased time spent at the scene of the injury36. Despite these arguments, the limited availability of funds and resources in view of the pressing healthcare needs in rural areas cannot be ignored.
Many existing studies compare rural and urban areas for injury severity, and many studies collect data on zip (postal) codes. However, few studies stratify the zip codes to draw direct comparisons between town sizes. One study compaing rural and urban differences collected zip code data for firearm deaths37, but used county-level designations as the primary means of determining rurality. Additionally, some studies collected and compared zip codes directly for cases such as unintentional injuries38, and violence associated with social deprivation39. Likewise, the RUCA codes have been used in a number of studies, often broken down into the four classes previously mentioned (urban, large town, small town, and isolated town). These RUCA code classes have been examined for rural hospital outcomes16, nursing homes40, EMS41,42, and in comparing severity and outcome of pediatric traumatic brain injuries17.
Similarly, some authors have used RUCA codes to identify and compare differences
|
8,547 | 0 | 1 |
and women’s empowerment at the heart of their mission. In late August of this year, Justin Trudeau, during a meeting with His Majesty King Abdullah II of Jordan said, ‘…We are especially proud to support projects that serve Syrian refugees and Jordanians, while advancing the empowerment of women and girls…’ (Office of the Prime Minister, 2017).
The Government of Canada has described greater gender equality and women’s empowerment in Iraq and Syria as an important end in itself. Beyond categorising women as ‘victims of war’ (Government of Canada, 2017), Canada’s foreign policy is focused on elevating women’s position as both important decision-makers and agents of change, since research has revealed their pivotal role at a grass roots level in peace-building and rehabilitation. In Iraq, Canada has taken the initiative to support technical and vocational training for women to improve their income-earning potential. In Syria, Canada is helping women promote their autonomy through investing in ‘livelihoods programming’ geared towards female-headed households. However, is such action sufficient to achieve gender inclusivity through development assistance in Iraq and Syria?
On October 16th an open letter addressed to Permanent Representatives to the U.N, which comprised a variety of Canadian non-governmental signatories, questioned the silence noted from member states committed to development assistance across regions plagued by deep-seated conflict. The letter brought to light how the National Action Plan on 1325 (for the inclusion of women in the process of peace building, peace keeping and conflict resolution) has remained under-funded and unimplemented in Iraq. It also discussed women’s exclusion from Syria and Iraq’s reconciliation and reconstruction process, despite their imperative role in peace work at a local level. Lastly, a plethora of war crimes, which can be equated to genocide, are being committed against women and LGBTQ groups, who are persecuted for defying traditionally prescribed gender roles.
Beyond an approval for the Women, Peace and Security agenda on paper, the letter demanded for an increase in political and financial action needed to criticize national developments that undermine the rights and status of women in Iraq and Syria; for example, calling for an end to gender related budget cuts in both countries. While Canada has come a long way in placing women’s rights at the core of their development assistance mission in the region, they have fallen short of meeting the challenges outlined in the open letter addressed to the UN. Existing financial support must be complimented by substantial foreign diplomatic effort to introduce sustainable approaches to long term peace and security.
To read more about STAND Canada’s policy recommendations, click here!<|endoftext|>Sponsorlu Bağlantılar
Londra Konferansı (23 Şubat/12 Mart 1921)
- l. İnönü Muharebesinin kazanılması üzerine İtilaf Devletleri Sevr’de bir takım değişiklikler yapmak için toplamıştır.
- İstanbul Hükümeti doğrudan TBMM dolaylı olarak davet edildi. Mustafa Kemal reddedince İtalya ve Fransa’nın baskısıyla TBMM de doğrudan çağrılmıştır.
- İstanbul Hükümeti adına Tevfik Paşa, TBMM adına Bekir Sami Bey katılmıştır.
- Önerilen barıs şartları Misakımilliye uygun olmadığı için kabul edilmemiş, sonuç alınmadan dağılmıştır.
- Konferansın dağılmasından sonra Bekir Sami Bey İtilaf Devletleri İle esir değişimi ve ekonomik imtiyazlar içeren ikili antlaşmalar yaptı.
- TBMM tam bağımsızlığa ve eşitliğe aykırı bulduğu için bu antlaşmaları onaylamamıştır.
Konferansın Önemi
- İtilaf Devletleri TBMM’nin hukuki varlığını tanımıştır.
- İlk defa uluslararası bir konferans aracılığıyla misakmilli tüm dünyaya duyurulmuştur.
- TBMM’nin içeride ve dışarıda saygınlığı artmıştır.
- TBMM hukuken tanınmış oldu.
- İşgalciler Sevr Anlaşmasından taviz vermek zorunda kaldı.
- Konferansa hem TBMM hemde İstanbul Hükümeti birlikte çağırılarak aralarındaki fikir ayrılığından yararlanılmak istenmiştir.
- İtilaf bloğu arasında ilk ayrılık Londra Konferansında çıkmıştır. İtalya ve Fransa İngilizlere karşı birbirleri ile yakınlaşma göstermiştir.
Sponsorlu Bağlantılar<|endoftext|>لینک سازی داخلی
همان طور که می دانید قبل از اینکه محتوای شما بتواند رتبه بندی شود، به لینک نیاز دارد. گوگل پست ها و صفحات شما را زمانی به بهترین شکل پیدا می کند که از وب سایتی به آن ها پیوند داده شود. لینک های داخلی همچنین محتوای شما را به هم متصل می کنند و به گوگل ایده ای از ساختار سایتتان می دهند. ما در این محتوا به سوالاتی مانند “لینک سازی داخلی چیست” و “چگونگی ایجاد لینک سازی” پاسخ می دهیم.
لینک سازی داخلی چیست؟
پیوند داخلی هر پیوندی از یک صفحه در وب سایت شما به صفحه دیگری در وب سایت خودتان است. کاربران و موتورهای جستجو از لینک ها برای یافتن محتوای وب سایت شما استفاده می نمایند.
کاربران از پیوند ها برای پیمایش در سایت و یافتن محتوایی که می خواهند، استفاده می کنند.
موتورهای جستجو از لینک ها برای پیمایش سایت استفاده می نمایند.
انواع لینک های داخلی
چندین نوع لینک داخلی وجود دارد. علاوه بر پیوندهای موجود در صفحه اصلی، منو، فید پست و غیره می توانید پیوندهایی را نیز در محتوای خود اضافه کنید که به آن پیوندهای متنی می گویند.
این پیوند ها کاربران شما را به محتوای مرتبط راهنمایی می کند. علاوه بر این، آنها به موتورهای جستجو اجازه می دهند تا محتوای سایتتان را بررسی کرده و ارزش آن را تعیین نمایند. هر چه یک صفحه مهم لینک های بیشتری دریافت کند، برای موتورهای جستجو با ارزش تر به نظر می رسد. بنابراین، لینک های داخلی برای سئوی بسیار مهم هستند.
لینک های داخلی در مقابل لینک های خارجی
هر وب سایتی از لینک های داخلی و خارجی تشکیل شده است. پیوند های داخلی صفحات و پست های وب سایت شما را به هم متصل می کنند، در حالی که پیوندهای خارجی صفحات شما را به وب سایت های دیگر متصل می نمایند.
راه اندازی یک استراتژی پیوند داخلی
ارزیابی و بهبود استراتژی پیوند داخلی به طور منظم برای سئوی سایت شما بسیار مهم است و همچنین یکی از راه های بهبود تناسب وب سایتتان می باشد. با افزودن پیوند های داخلی مناسب ارتباط صفحات، رابطه بین آن ها و ارزش صفحات را برای گوگل مشخص نمایید.
برای تنظیم استراتژی پیوند داخلی خود، چندین نکته وجود دارد که باید در نظر بگیرید.
1. تعیین کردن ساختار ایده آل سایت
2. مشخص نمودن مهم ترین محتوای سایت
- از آنجایی که می خواهید به گوگل اطلاع دهید که این مهمترین محتوای شماست، باید لینک های زیادی به آن اضافه کنید.
3. اضافه کردن پیوندهای متنی
- هنگامی که مقالات مختلفی در مورد موضوع خاصی می نویسید، باید آنها را به یکدیگر پیوند دهید.
4. پیوند صفحات سلسله مراتبی
- اگر صفحات سلسله مراتبی در وب سایت خود دارید، صفحات مادر و مهم را به صفحات فرزند یا همان زیر مجموعه آنها پیوند دهید و بالعکس.
5. اضافه کردن یک بخش مرتبط
- افزونه ها و ماژول های زیادی وجود دارند که بخش های کامل پست های مرتبط را به پست های شما اضافه می کنند.
6. اضافه نمودن پیوند های ناوبری
7. اضافه کردن پیوندها به صفحات
- طبقه بندی ها مانند دسته ها و برچسب ها به شما کمک می کنند تا سایت خود را سازماندهی کنید و به کاربران و گوگل کمک می کند تا بفهمند محتوای شما در مورد چیست.
8. اضافه نمودن لینک به پست های محبوب
- ایجاد پیوندهای داخلی به محبوب ترین یا جدیدترین پست های وب سایت بسیار مهم است. ترجیحاً این بخش ها را در نوار کناری یا پاورقی وب سایت خود ایجاد کنید تا در همه صفحات و پست ها ظاهر شوند.
کلام آخر
ما در این مقاله یاد گرفتیم که “لینک سازی داخلی چیست” و هدف ما از انجام این کار افزایش ترافیک و بازدید می باشد.
مطالب زیر را حتما بخوانید:
چنانچه دیدگاهی توهین آمیز باشد و متوجه اشخاص مدیر، نویسندگان و سایر کاربران باشد تایید نخواهد شد. چنانچه دیدگاه شما جنبه ی تبلیغاتی داشته باشد تایید نخواهد شد. چنانچه از لینک سایر وبسایت ها و یا وبسایت خود در دیدگاه استفاده کرده باشید تایید نخواهد شد. چنانچه در دیدگاه خود از شماره تماس، ایمیل و آیدی تلگرام استفاده کرده باشید تایید نخواهد شد. چنانچه دیدگاهی بی ارتباط با موضوع آموزش مطرح شود تایید نخواهد شد.<|endoftext|>中国区域客服：15963558883
2021年6月15日一.错误的音色概念以及解决
1.中音萨克斯管有着与其他乐器不具备的一种能力——是接近人声的乐器之一。它能把乐曲的表现力从倍弱逐渐增强,达到非常强烈的顶点,反之也有从倍强渐 弱再到倍弱的力度。长期以来人们常误认为“响”就是好的,加之一些没有经过 科学训练的人或教师“教不得法”,本身音色概念有错误,只片面追求音量而轻 视了音色。中音萨克斯管的发音是由气息引起哨片的振动带动管内空气柱的振动而发 音的。所以唇部的张力与气息的压力是非常重要的。有的吹奏者吹奏时唇部过于 紧张,致使发出的声音太紧、 太闷,亮不出来;也有的唇部力量控制不够,气息过强, 单纯追求声音的响度,致使气息过短,造成上身紧张,音色很炸,可自己还是使劲 的吹,感觉自己的音量大就是动听,殊不知在旁边上听听很响,稍走远一点就听不 清楚,缺少穿透力。
克服中音萨克斯管音色概念的错误,首先要提高对音色的鉴别能力, 应知道哪种音色是好的、应追求的,哪种音色是差的、不可取的,要多听优秀演奏 家的演奏,用正确的方法去练习,做到多听、多吹、多模仿。其次教师要用正确的 方法,纯正的音色做示范,提高学生对音色的鉴别能力。对于吹奏中毛病已养成习 惯的人更要有意识地、坚持不懈的按正确的方法去引导练习,直至新的正确概念 形成并巩固。
2.不正确的指型以及改正方式
柔美的音色、准确的音高、干净的吐音、清楚流畅的连音、干脆饱满的断音 是每个吹奏者所追求的。但在实际演奏中,特别是在初学过程中,常有吐音不清、 连音不连、断音不断等情况,这些现象与不规范的持乐器的姿势、过高的抬指、 僵硬的按指有直接的联系。有的吹奏者气息上不来就靠双手“帮忙”,用双手拼 命按住乐器,嘴唇使劲的包住笛头,加上抬指过高,按指过重,结果造成了手指肌及至小臂、大臂肌肉都紧张,按指僵硬、手指不灵活,一遇到快的节奏就不能把音 吹清楚,造成吐音不清、连音不连、断音不断的现象。
僵紧的臂肌、肩肌又使本 该通畅下放的气息上提僵滞,失去“下支点”控制力,造成音色僵硬、虚、紧。另 外这样的姿势加上乐器本身的重量又造成了乐器的不稳定,影响笛头与嘴唇之间 接触的稳定性,进一步形成了吹奏的恶性循环。<|endoftext|>关灯吃面 ⋮
关灯吃面
超级侦探认真办案，出自动画片《小熊维尼和跳跳虎》，是其中经典的台词口号，里面的小笨熊维尼，热爱探险、无忧无虑、简单而直接、自然而从容，身上始终洋溢着一种乐观、积极的情绪。小孩们每次都会在电视前跟着维尼一起喊熟悉的宣誓言。
就是为了这点醋才包的饺子，原句是“就是为了这点醋，我才包的这顿饺子。”这是出电影《邪不压正》中姜文演的蓝先生初见李天然时说的话，为了醋包饺子。按常理来说，吃饺子为了饱腹，而饺子加醋的理由有千千万。所以这句话一般是用来反讽。
Plan C，即第三种计划、第三种方案的意思，(日语:プランC)是作品《樱花庄的宠物女孩》中的登场角色椎名真白的台词，于TV版第5话中出现,因真白激萌的动作以及Plan C一词在后续剧情中多次被提到而成为一个梗。
我胡汉三又回来了，意思就是恶霸又回来了,如果用来形容别人,就是指对方是一个野蛮霸道之人，多数用它形容某人又恢复了什么或回来了，多含贬义。如果是形容自己，则有自我调侃搞笑的意思。
我要打十个，出自电影《叶问》，因为叶问的朋友被日本人给害死了，他想为中国人出口气，他去日本军营挑战时候说的一句话，说的时候特别的霸气自信，随后他也直接把十个日本人打趴下了，所以他也有这个实力说这句说。
Comment list ( 0 )
发表评论 取消回复<|endoftext|>We are searching data for your request:
Upon completion, a link will appear to access the found materials.
bahçıvanlık gıda üretimi (HFP) veya meyve ve sebzelerin tüketicilere doğrudan satışı, alternatif bir gıda sistemi olarak tanımlanmıştır (ABD Tarım Bakanlığı [@b47], [@b48]). HFP faaliyetinin büyük bir kısmı, toplam 2 milyondan fazla insanın doğrudan taze pazar endüstrisi için gıda ürünleri yetiştirdiği ve yaklaşık 3,5 milyon insanın meyve ve sebzelerini perakende satış noktalarına sattığı Kaliforniya'da yoğunlaşmıştır (California Gıda ve Tarım Departmanı). [@b8]). Birçok yetiştirici taze ürünleri doğrudan nakit satış ürünü olarak pazarlasa da, çoğu yetiştirici aynı zamanda, büyüyen gıda ile ilgili masrafları karşılamaya yardımcı olmak için onlara bir ek gelir kaynağı sağlayan toptan satış veya dağıtım faaliyetleriyle de uğraşmaktadır. Kaliforniya'nın taze ürünlerinin yüksek oranda bağımsız yetiştiriciler tarafından sağlandığı göz önüne alındığında, bu yetiştiricilerin bir kısmı ürünlerini doğrudan satış olarak pazarlamayı tercih ediyor. Bu tür operasyonlarda, yetiştiricilere üçüncü taraf bir toptan satış işlemi yerine doğrudan mahsullerinden ödeme yapılır. Bu yetiştiriciler doğrudan perakendecilere veya toptancılara satış yapabilir, bunlar da sırayla ürünü nihai tüketiciye pazarlayan gıda işlemcilerine veya perakendecilere satış yapabilir. Kaliforniya'daki HFP endüstrisi oldukça merkezi değildir ve mahsullerinin doğrudan pazarlamasıyla uğraşmayan yetiştiriciler genellikle doğrudan çiftçiden çiftçiye toplu işlemlere, yerel bir tüketiciye veya bir perakendeciye satış yapar. Bu bağlamda yetiştiriciler toptan veya doğrudan pazarlamaya katılabilmekte ve yetiştiricilerin bu pazarlama seçeneklerine ilişkin algıları farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın amacı, yetiştiricilerin doğrudan pazarlama algılarını ve bunun belirli sosyo-ekonomik ve demografik faktörlerle ilişkisini araştırmaktı.
Taze ürünlerin doğrudan pazarlanması kavramı, özellikle ekonomik durgunluk ve yerel olarak yetiştirilen gıdalara yönelik artan tüketici talebi bağlamında son yirmi yılda popülerlik kazanmıştır (Smith ve diğerleri [@b44]). Geçmişte meyve ve sebzelerin çoğu çiftliklerde yetiştiriliyordu ve gıda dağıtım ve pazarlaması toptan ve perakende sektörlerin aracılığı ile yapılıyordu. Taze meyve ve sebzelerin tüm dağıtım kanallarında doğrudan yetiştiriciden tüketiciye satışı olarak tanımlanan taze ürünlerin doğrudan pazarlanması, doğrudan tüketiciye satış modeline doğru artan bir eğilimle kolaylaştırılmıştır ve ivme kazanmaktadır. tüketicilerin "temiz eller" ve yakın çevrede yetiştirilen gıdalara yönelik istekleri nedeniyle (Kramer ve diğerleri [@b27]). Bu bağlamda, Kaliforniya'daki yetiştiricilerin doğrudan pazarlamaya ilişkin algıları, bu pazarlama seçeneğinin genel taze ürün değer zincirine nasıl uyacağını anlamak için önemlidir.
yöntemler
=======
Tasarım, örnek ve anket
---------------------------------
Kaliforniya'da doğrudan pazarlamanın uygulanabilir ekonomik fırsatlar sağlayıp sağlayamayacağını belirlemek için, yetiştiricilerin doğrudan pazarlama algılarına ilişkin bilgi, kritik bir ilk adımdı. Bu nedenle, Mart ve Nisan 2014'te, halihazırda doğrudan pazarlama ile uğraş
|
8,547 | 0 | 2 |
materie plastiche insieme all’ Associazione Disabili Visivi Onlus (Associazioni nazionali per i non vedenti), hanno sviluppato il sistema di percorso tattile Loges Vet Evolution (LVE) con tag di comunicazione integrati. Il percorso aiuta le persone con disabilità visive a spostarsi a piedi in sicurezza, fornendo indicazioni vocali al telefono cellulare dell’utente, sul percorso e gli spazi circostanti tramite uno “Smart Stick” Bluetooth. Oltre 450 aree (principalmente in Italia) hanno già installato questa tecnologia, più due percorsi all’estero in Belgio e in Canada.
PROBLEMI OGGETTIVI
Le persone con disabilità visive hanno difficoltà a navigare autonomamente in spazi ed edifici pubblici, come centri commerciali e ospedali, a causa di ostacoli fisici e mancanza di informazioni di guida precise.
SOLUZIONE, INNOVAZIONE E IMPATTO
Il sistema LVE è costituito da pavimentazione tattile (superfici strutturate che consentono agli utenti ipovedenti di percepire i diversi modelli attraverso i loro piedi, (trova in fondo all’articolo i pdf), indicando direzioni e pericoli) integrati con etichette a radiofrequenza. L’utente è in possesso di uno smart stick dotato di Bluetooth, che riceve le istruzioni dai tag radio quando tocca l’uomo con disabilità visive utilizzando lo stick e il telefono per indicazioni stradali. Queste istruzioni vengono quindi inviate via Bluetooth a un’app sul telefono cellulare dell’utente, che legge le istruzioni vocali, sulla base di una mappa scaricabile. Il tipo di informazioni fornite è illimitato, ma in genere gli utenti vengono avvisati di incroci, direzione del viaggio e punti di interesse lungo il percorso (ad es. “Sei sulla strada principale e alla tua sinistra c’è il Municipio, che è aperto dalle 9 alle 12 “).
Molte tecnologie tattili convenzionali utilizzano la tecnologia a infrarossi o GPS che possono essere disorientate dalla pioggia o da grandi quantità di persone presenti nell’area. Altre tecnologie di navigazione si basano sui beacon alimentati a batterie, che corrono il rischio di scaricarsi. I tag LVE non richiedono batterie e possono essere installati su una vasta gamma di superfici, tra cui cemento, pietra e PVC.
PROSPETTIVE, TRASFERIBILITÀ E FINANZIAMENTI
L’uso della tecnologia LVE è aumentato costantemente, da 70 aree installate nel 2014 a 150 nel 2016. Il sistema si è inoltre esteso all’estero, con due percorsi installati a Bruxelles, in Belgio, e uno a Vaughan, in Canada.
Lo sviluppo del prodotto è stato realizzato con ADV, un’organizzazione nazionale senza scopo di lucro finanziata attraverso sovvenzioni della società civile. Le vendite e l’espansione del prodotto sono finanziate dall’azienda come prodotto commerciale di un’azienda privata.
La particolarità che distingue nettamente questo nuovo sistema da tutti gli altri finora esistenti consiste nel fatto che al di sotto delle piastre di cui è composto vengono inseriti dei tag a radio frequenza che predispongono il sistema ad essere programmato nel fornire agli auricolari informazioni vocali di qualsiasi genere sulla posizione in cui ci si trova, sull’ambiente circostante, sulla presenza di uffici o strutture di pubblico interesse,di esercizi commerciali, fornendo anche orari di apertura e ogni altra informazione che si ritenga utile.
Se posto all’interno di strutture museali, ad esempio,può fornire anche le descrizioni delle opere esistenti, oltre che a guidare lungo il percorso.
La parte tattile consiste, come e’ noto, in superfici dotate di rilievi studiati appositamente per essere percepiti sotto i piedi, ma anche visivamente contrastate, da installare sul piano di calpestio, per consentire a non vedenti ed ipovedenti l’orientamento e la riconoscibilità dei luoghi e delle fonti di pericolo, come prescritto dalla normativa vigente (D.P.R. 503/1996, D.M. 236/1989, ecc.), da installarsi in spazi e strutture pubbliche e private.
Queste superfici sono articolate in codici informativi di semplice comprensione, che consentono la realizzazione di percorsi-guida o piste tattili, e cioe’ di veri e propri itinerari guidati, come anche di semplici segnali tattili mediante delle indicazioni puntuali necessarie a far individuare un punto di interesse, come una fermata di autobus o un semaforo.
A differenza dell linguaggio tattilo-vocale LVE® (Loges Vet Evolutioon), che ha sostituito il vecchio e non più a norma sistema LOGES*, il sistema Navilens si basa su marker digitali, generati da codici QR, posizionati in diverse aree della stazione e aree di imbarco, includendo il percorso podotattile. Sia le persone con diversi gradi di disabilità visiva, che gli altri utenti che aderiscono al sistema, possono scaricare gratuitamente tramite le suddette applicazioni —App Navilens e App Navilens GO,
Questo nuovo sistema, sviluppato dall’Università di Alicante e dalla società Neosistec, applica una tecnologia innovativa il cui obiettivo è facilitare la mobilità, e favorire l’uso sia delle strutture che del trasporto ferroviario.
Il nuovo sistema, è entrato in funzione in coincidenza con l’inizio del periodo di massimo afflusso di viaggiatori nella Stazione Puerta de Atocha di Madrid, con l’obiettivo di poter valutare appieno la capacità del test e l’utilità del sistema, nonché consentire l’ottenimento di informazioni attraverso suggerimenti e opinioni ricevuti, volti a migliorare la qualità del servizio agli utenti.
Nel caso dell’app Navilens, l’utente sarà in grado di catturare, attraverso lievi movimenti del suo telefono cellulare, i segnali e le informazioni raccolte dai marcatori, che forniranno informazioni sul punto in cui si trovano e le aree e i servizi più vicini in modo localizzato e auto-descrittivo.
Con l’applicazione di questa nuova tecnologia, vengono eliminate anche le barriere linguistiche, poiché tutte le informazioni saranno offerte nella lingua in cui l’utente ha configurato il proprio dispositivo.
Ciò rende più facile per le persone con disabilità visive, l’accesso ai diversi servizi ferroviari e commerciali situati nelle due sale d’imbarco della stazione Madrid-Puerta de Atocha, su cui verranno offerte tra gli altri aspetti, informazioni descrittive sui prodotti e servizi offerti da ciascuno di essi, orari di apertura e promozioni.
Per il resto degli utenti, è stata sviluppata un’interfaccia molto semplice, che facilita le stesse informazioni leggendo i marker e che consentirà, ad esempio, di conoscere la posizione della porta e il percorso in cui si trovano il treno, gli orari e i servizi. stazione e la sua posizione e altre informazioni di interesse per i viaggiatori come offerte e promozioni di luoghi vicini.
*Il linguaggio tattilo-vocale LVE® (Loges Vet Evolution) consiste nell’avere aggiunto ai profili dei suoi sei codici tattili, i trasponder RFG, posti al di sotto delle piastre e che attraverso ll bastone elettronico forniscono nell’auricolare del cieco, le informazioni che non potrebbe mai ricavare dalle piastrelle tattili, quali i nomi delle vie che percorre, i servizi di pubblico interesse presenti nella zona, gli orari di apertura di farmacie e uffici pubblici cui passa davanti, il numero di linea e le destinazioni dei mezzi di trasporto disponibili alle varie fermate, come anche informazioni turistiche di ogni tipo.
L’altro giorno mi trovavo a Roma, e gli ascensori dell’ albergo erano dotati di modernissime pulsantiere touch-screen. Per una persona cieca o ipovedente questo tipo di ”tastiere “ sono inservibili, perché io schermo liscio, al tatto, non può dare informazioni per noi orientanti e accessibili.
Anche le attività quotidiane più comuni, potrebbero presto essere vietate alle persone della comunità non vedenti e ipovedenti, a meno che non vengano apportati considerevoli miglioramenti per l’accessibilità ai dispositivi touchscreen.
Mentre i progressi della tecnologia hanno reso i touch-screen più facili ed economici da produrre, c’è stata poca considerazione sul modo in cui le persone non vedenti o ipovedenti interagiscono con loro.
La proliferazione di dispositivi touch-screen negli ultimi anni sta creando una delle maggiori barriere di accessibilità mai affrontate dalla comunità cieca e ipovedente.
I touch-screen stanno comparendo ovunque. In casa delle persone, nei luoghi di lavoro, negli uffici pubblici, sportelli bancomat, hotel, ospedali, le casse dei supermarket con sempre meno cassieri. Il problema è che le persone non vedenti o ipovedenti non possono usarle. Siamo in grado di toccare lo schermo ma non possiamo accedere a ciò che stiamo toccando e, pertanto, non possiamo utilizzare il dispositivo in modo efficace.
A meno che non vi siano azioni urgenti da intraprendere, le persone della comunità cieca e ipovedente affrontano la reale possibilità di essere esclusi dall’ opportunità di svolgere le proprie attività quotidiane di base, perché i touch-screen stanno diventando la sola modalità standard sui prodotti compresi gli elettrodomestici di casa, sui distributori di bevande, sui totem di prenotazione negli uffici postali, i monitor touch per gestire l’ordine di arrivo degli utenti negli ospedal, bancomati etc.
Il lancio dell’iPhone di Apple, a metà degli anni 2000, ha dato il via alla crescita esponenziale dei touch-screen, che li ha portati a comparire sui dispositivi dalle lavastoviglie, dei microonde, le macchine del caffè e i terminali EFTPOS di ultima generazione. Però Apple, sin da allora, ha stabilito il suo impegno per l’accessibilità,
Da qui abbiamo visto una situazione in cui i dispositivi, che in passato avevano utilizzato i pulsanti fisici, le manopole o i quadranti, sono passati all’utilizzo di touch-screen senza alcuna considerazione reale, su ciò che significa accessibilità.
Mentre le generazioni precedenti di dispositivi, anche se non erano perfetti in termini di accessibilità, gli utenti non vedenti e ipovedenti, potevano generalmente utilizzare le funzioni di base e spesso implementarli con i propri metodi (tecniche di marcatura) per semplificarne il loro funzionamento.
L’aggiunta di funzionalità tattili, hanno potuto aiutare le persone a localizzare e ad identificare i pulsanti e gli interruttori, mentre i touch-screen con la relativa disposizione uniforme, senza riferimenti, di tastiere numerate su dispositivi come i telefoni, non aiuta certo nella navigazione.
Dato che questi metodi descritti, non sono più utili da applicare sui touchscreen, la comunità dei non vedenti e ipovedenti, non può fare altro che affidarsi completamente alla sensibilità e all’etica dei produttori per includere misure di accessibilità durante la produzione. Ma ci sono pochi dati comprovanti, che portino a pensare che i produttori stiano facendo delle scelte progettuali che includano anche le caratteristiche di accessibilità. È improbabile che qualcuno che produce lavatrici, includerà una funzionalità come la sintesi vocale o il riconoscimento, se i loro concorrenti non lo fanno.
In realtà ci vorrebbe una qualche forma di incentivo o alcune linee guida legislative, per arrivare a un punto in cui le funzioni di accessibilità siano incluse come modalità standard. Sarebbe utile estendere questi standard obbligatori anche per gli appalti pubblici.
Nonostante Apple, il gigante della tecnologia, fosse il pifferaio magico dei touchscreen, la sua mossa per incorporare funzionalità accessibili, non è stata però seguita dal mercato più ampio.
La legge federale degli Stati Uniti, sulla riabilitazione della forza lavoro, include un requisito fondamentale secondo cui la tecnologia utilizzata dal loro governo deve essere accessibile alle persone con disabilità. Questa legge potrebbe aver contribuito ad accelerare il passaggio di Apple verso l’accessibilità.
Rendere obbligatorio questo standard, sarebbe un importante passo avanti, ma dobbiamo anche richiedere che i produttori di altri dispositivi touchscreen, come per gli elettrodomestici, i terminali di pagamento e i chioschi di informazioni, includano funzionalità di accessibilità in modo che le persone non vedenti o ipovedenti possano usali.
Mentre l’accessibilità dei touchscreen non è richiesta dalla legge, ci sono esempi e dati che dimostrano che non sarebbe un grande onere per i produttori incorporarla.
Non vedremo migliorare l’accessibilità a meno che le norme non siano legiferate e che la legislazione sia applicata dal governo.
Ci sono persone che vivono con altre disabilità, che preferiscono usare i touch-screen. Quindi qui non si sta dicendo che i produttori dovrebbero smettere di includerli. soltanto che questo non dovrebbe escludere altre persone dalla possibilità di svolgere le proprie attività di base quotidiane.
Grazie alla tecnologia dei QR Code e allo sviluppo delle App specifiche, è possibile prelevare denaro al bancomat senza carta, direttamente con il tuo smartphone. Le impostazioni di prelievo si scelgono direttamente dal telefono e la tua prenotazione sarà attiva per 12 ore dal momento della richiesta. Successivamente, una volta inquadrato con la fotocamera il codice QR che appare sullo schermo del bancomat, lo sportello provvede in automatico a erogare la valuta richiesta. Questo sistema è molto vantaggioso, perché consente a chi non vede di usare uno sportello bancomat in assoluta autonomia, anche se questo è mancante di sintesi vocale. Ad oggi però, non sono molte in Italia le banche che forniscono questo tipo di servizio. Una di queste che lo utilizza è UniCredit con i suoi sportelli ATM Evoluti
*Bancomat in inglese ATM (automated teller machine)
Gli articoli qui sotto indicati, possono aiutare le persone amate che hanno dofficoltà con la vista, a svolgere molte attività quotidiane con poca o nessuna assistenza. La capacità di espletare le attività in modo indipendente contribuisce ad aumentare la fiducia in se stessi.
Aumentare l’autostima, dovrebbe far parte della “cassetta degli attrezzi” per promuovere l’indipendenza di ogni persona. Studi recenti, hanno persino dimostrato, che quando qualcuno smette di svolgere le proprie attività quotidiane, riduce la qualità della sua vita, aumentando la depressione e il rischio di demenza. Ma vediamo quali sono:
Orologio parlante con quadrante di grandi dimensioni.
Un quadrante grande ha di sicuro un buon contrasto, e i numeri in grande formato facilitano una buona leggibilità. Un orologio parlante può annunciare l’ora con un semplice tocco di un pulsante, e si ha inoltre la possibilità d’ impostare un timer e una sveglia. perfetto sia per non vedenti che per ipovedenti od anziani con calo visivo. Se ne hai bisogno lo trovi qui
Naturalmente se hai un Iphone queste funzioni possono essere espletate direttamente dalla funzione Siri oppure Voice Over.
Orologio parlante
Gli orologi parlanti sono disponibili in una varietà di dimensioni e forme e si possono indossare, lasciare su un comodino o su un tavolo. Il tempo è annunciato con un semplice tocco di pulsante e gli orologi sono facili da impostare. Alcuni orologi parlanti offrono orari, messaggi su display grandi con controllo volume e diversi suoni di allarme. Orologio parlante in plastica multi funzione, vocalizzazione dell’ora, cronometro parlante con possibilità di avere i tempi parziali, quattro sveglie sonore, calendario parlante, regolazione delle funzioni assistita vocalmente, avviso automatico allo scoccare di ogni ora attivabile, display a caratteri ingranditi per ipo vedenti. Lo trovi qui
Orologio da tasca
Ergonomico ed essenziale orologio da tasca parlante, perfetto sia per non vedenti che per ipovedenti od anziani con calo visivo, il funzionamento è estremamente semplice: basta premere un tasto e una voce femminile chiara e forte ci dice l’ora, i minuti ed il momento della giornata (notte, mattino, pomeriggio o sera) lo trovi qui
Mascherine guida per la scrittura
Guide per la scrittura, firmare, compilare assegni, buste o lettere.
Le guide di scrittura sono disponibili in varie dimensioni e sono progettate per compiti specifici. Firma una ricevuta, scrivi un assegno o un indirizzo a busta seguendo le guide. Le guide sono fatte in plastica resistente, leggera e facile da portarsi dietro per aiutare a gestire le attività quotidiane senza assistenza.
Pennarello nero 20/20
Un pennarello che fa risaltare la calligrafia. Questo tipo di pennarello non perde, non macchia e non traspare attraverso la carta. quando poi lo si abbina alla carta con stampa a righe larghe (CLICCA QUI se vuoi scaricare il pdf del layout per poterlo stampare)¨ questa penna può aiutare chi ha difficoltà nel rileggere le proprie note, i numeri di telefono o le liste della spesa appuntati.
Calendari, agenda e rubrica indirizzi con caratteri in formato grande.
Un calendario da parete con caratteri in formato grande o in formato digitale, oppure un’agenda rilegata a spirale offrono un ampio spazio per annotare appuntamenti e i giorni speciali. I giorni e i mesi devono essere in grassetto per una facile leggibilità. Una rubrica di indirizzi a stampa grande è un modo semplice per conservare traccia dei contatti, con molto spazio per scrivere i nuovi numeri di telefono e indirizzi.
Lenti d’ingrandimento.
Le lenti d’ingrandimento aiutano a leggere i caratteri o gli oggetti piccoli, con precisione
|
8,547 | 0 | 3 |
ız.
Başbakan malum toplantı sonrası ilk kez konuşacak...
Ertesi gün Yeni Yüzyıl'daki köşemize şu notları düşmüşüz:
"Toplatıyı şu sözlerle açtı Hoca:
'MGK toplantı başlarken komutanlarla aramızda saygı ve sevgi vardı. Toplantı sonrası bu daha da arttı. Krizi yaratan medyadır. Bu suni krizden biz de rahatsızız, ordu da rahatsız.
Biz, bir önceki toplantıda, laiklik, irtica gibi konularda bir kavram kargaşası var. MGK'nin bir toplantısını bu konulara hasredelim dedik. 28 Şubat gündemi bu şekilde meydana çıktı. Bu konular enine, boyuna konuşuldu. Toplantı bunun için 9 saat sürdü...
Soru cevapların bir kısmı şöyledi:
-'Madem sorun yoktu, MGK kararlarını imzalamak için neden 3 gün beklediniz?'
Erbakan: 'Karar yanlış anlaşılıp da orduya halel gelmesin diye.'
-'MGK tarihinde ilk defa bu kadar uzun açıklamanın yapılmış olması, olağanüstü bir durumun göstergesi değil mi?'
Erbakan: 'MGK'nın açıklaması medya çarpıtmasın diye ilk kez uzun yapıldı...'
-'Cumhurbaşkanı'nın, ordunun rahatsızlığı konusunda medyaya yaptığı açıklama ve uyarılar hakkında ne diyorsunuz?'
Erbakan: 'Cumhurbaşkanı'nı medya zorladı; gündem oluşturmak için kullandı; onun suçu yok.'
-'Söylediklerinizden, Türkiye'de askerî otoritenin sivil otoriteye bağlı olduğu sonucunu çıkarabilir miyiz?'
Erbakan: 'Bu konularda askerî otoritenin sivil otoriteye bağlı olduğunu kesinlikle söyleyebilirim.'..."
Evet biraz "masal" gibi...
Ama aslı, ayak süren, yok sayan, gerginliği tercih eden bir Erbakan politikası...
İki ay sonra...
6 Mayıs 1997...
Yine başbakanlık konutundayız...
Şöyle yazmışız ertesi gün:
"Basın sohbetinde Erbakan, bugüne kadar kamuoyuna yaptığı taktik nitelikli siyasi açıklamalarının dışına çıkıyor ve kendisi açısından gerçekleri dile getiriyordu.
Toplantıdaki ilk sözü oldukça açıktı:
'Asker rahatsız, ancak askerî müdahale riski yok...'
Ardından 8 yıllık eğitim, laiklik tanımı, 28 Şubat kararlarına kökten itiraza oturan gerçek görüşünü, asker-sivil ilişkisi hakkındaki 'sivil' fikirlerini tüm çıplaklığıyla açıklıyordu.
Bunları neden askere karşı ve 28 Şubat MGK'sında dile getirmediği sorusuna ise şu yanıtı veriyordu:
'Bunları MGK'da söyleseydik, o gece ihtilal olurdu.'..."
Bu da "öteki", faydacı veya siyasetçi Erbakan...
Erbakan'ın gözünden dönemin kısa özeti biraz da böyledir...
Ve bu Erbakan'ın bizzat kendisidir...
Hepimiz Erbakan'ın Palto'sundan çıktık - İSLAM ARSLAN – HABER 5
Dostoyevski;
Nikolay Vasilyeviç Gogol’ün Akaki Akakiyeviç’in yeni yaptırdığı paltosunun
başına gelenleri işlediği Palto adlı hikâyesine atıfta bulunarak; ‘Hepimiz
Gogol’ün Palto’sundan çıktık’ demişti.
***
Milli Görüş Lideri ve 54. Hükümetin Başbakanı Prof. Dr. Necmettin Erbakan, 28 Şubat sürecinin 13. yıldönümünde ilk tarihi MGK'da yaşananları, bu sürecin yurtdışından nasıl planlandığını açıkladı.
Ankara'da çok önemli açıklamalar yaptığı konuşmasında Erbakan Hoca tarihi MGK'nın en önemli detayını da tepkisini de paylaştı.
Şunları söyledi:
"28 Şubat, dış güçleri bir tertibidir. 28 Şubat'ta MGK'da geldiler, demin söylediğim gibi, Makovski'nin planını hükümete tavsiyelerimiz diye okudular. 9 saat sürdü bu toplantı. Bundan 13 sene evvel. 5 saatini onlar konuştular. Ortağımız ise, hiç sesini çıkartmıyor. Ne müspet, ne de menfi. 5 saat konuştular, yoruldular. Şimdi sıra bize geldi. Biz bütün kurula karşı tek başımızayız. Buyrun bakalım, şimdi söz sizde. Benim ne yapacağımı merakla bekliyorlar. Kapının önünde uzun boylu bir yaver oturuyor. Yaver bey, bir dakika buraya gelir misiniz dedim. Sayın cumhurbaşkanının güzel bir adeti vardır, masasının önünde Anayasa'yı bulundurur. Onu bana verirmisiniz. Buyrun efendim dedi. Anayasayı getirip bana verdi. Anayasa'nın 2. Maddesini açtım. Dedim ki, beyler 5 saat konuştunuz. Konunuz ne? Anayasa'yı korumak. Anayasa'yı korumak için bizim Anayasa'yı çiğneme hakkımız var mı? Siz bir takım teklifler getiriyorsunuz. İmam Hatipleri kapatalım. Çarşafları, sakalları yasaklayalım. Bunların hepsi insan haklarına aykırı. İşte Anayasa'nın 2. Maddesi. Bunun ikinci paragrafını okuyorsunuz da, birinci paragrafını niçin okumuyorsunuz? Birinci paragrafta bunların Anayasa aykırı olduğu yazıyor. Biz önce Anayasayı çiğneyeceğiz, sonra da koruyacağız diyeceğiz. Böyle şey olmaz. Ne olacak? Bunlar Anayasa aykırı mı değil mi inceleyeceğiz. Gelin önce bunun bir değerlendirmesini yapalım. Demirel onların takım oyuncusu. Dedi ki, Genel sekreterliğin uzmanları yok siz de biliyorsunuz. Bunlar olsa olsa, hükümette var. Doğru söylüyorsunuz. O halde hükümete havale edelim.. Anayasa'ya uygun mu değil mi kontrol etsin dedim. İşte bizim altına imza attığımız belge budur. Hükümet tarafından, Makovski'nin bu teklifleri, insan haklarına ve Anayasaya uygun mu değil mi incelensin teklifi. Böylece bunu hükümete havale ettik. Oradan da bakanlara havale ettik."
Bu yeterlidir.
Ve asil bir tavırdır.
28 Şubat zorlu bir süreçti.
28 Şubat sürecini kimsenin burnu kanamadan atlattıysak ve bu kadar kısa zamanda 28 Şubat psikolojisi buhar olduysa, pek çok sebepten, Erbakan'ın önünde kuyruğa girerek elini öpmeliyiz.
Hala, masa yumruklama edebiyatı yapanlara kendi eksenlerinde dönmeye devam edin ediyorum.
Erbakan 40 yıllık siyasal hayatının yaklaşık yarısını, yani 20 yılını yasaklı geçirmiş, eline geçen her fırsatta bu ülkenin hayrına hizmet etmiş bir bilge liderdir.
Bunu anlayamayanlar bırakın anlamasın.
Erbakan gerçeklerini tarih kitapları yazacaktır.
İnsaf adına gerçeklik adına "yazmak zorunda kalacaktır."
Gerisi hikayedir.
Herşey için çok teşekkürler muhterem Erbakan.
Ülkemizin yetiştirdiği en önemli değerlerden biri, en önemli bilgelerden biri olarak hayatımıza çok büyük anlamlar kattın ve çok özel bir yerdesin, orada da ilelebet kalacaksın.
Şimdilerde "işi", "davayı" sırtlananlar senin bıraktığın gibi devam edecek ve tamamlayacaklar.
Senin paltondan çıkan adamlar olarak bizler buna eminiz.
Tarihi veda - AHMET TAŞGETİREN
1 Mart 2011. 28 Şubat 1997'den 14 yıl bir gün sonra.
Fatih Camii tarihi bir gün yaşıyor.
Erbakan Hoca'nın veda buluşması bu.
Ama geride, muhabbet yüklenmiş milyonla yürek bırakarak.
Merhum Necip Fazıl...
Merhum Turgut Özal...
Merhum Sabahattin Zaim...
Ve merhum Necmettin Erbakan.
Her birinde sevgi haleleriyle sarılmış bir Fatih Camii ve çevresi...
Bir başka sevgi seli merhum Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu için gerçekleşmiş...
Her biri davaları ile yaşayan insanlar.
Onların toplumda nasıl bir karşılık bulduklarının göstergesi bu kalabalıklar.
Bıyığı terlememiş gençlerden sakalı ağarmış dedelere kadar, genç kızlar, genç anneler, nineler, yüreklerinden koparcasına tekbir getiriyorlar. Kimisinin dudaklarında kıpır kıpır dualar, Fatihalar...
Avrupa'daki her ülkeden binlerce insan...
Asya'dan, Ortadoğu'dan, Afrika'dan temsilciler...
60 ülkede gıyabi cenaze namazı.
Ne bu?
Bir gün gelmiş, "Sen tehlikesin, tehlikenin başısın" denmiş ve düşürülmüş iktidardan, yargılanmış, partisi-partileri kapatılmış, siyaset yasağı konmuş, hapis yatmış, sürgüne maruz kalmış, hizmet yolları kesilmiş bir insan...
Peki nasıl olmuş da bu sevgi halesi oluşmuş?
Niye karşılığı olur bir insanın yüreklerde?
Türkiye'nin dışındaki ülkelerde niye karşılığı olur?
Şu sıralar kaç siyasetçi konuştu, kaç medya mensubu yazdı, kaç ulusalcı günah çıkardı, "Erbakan'ın vatanseverliği, millet sevgisi, emperyalizme karşı duruşu"nun altı çizildi.
Peki neden dün görülmedi bunlar?
İnsanları ancak bu dünyaya veda ettikten sonra mı anlayacağız?
Necip Fazıl, mahkûm göçmüştü bu dünyadan. Eğer Ayhan Songar'ın raporu olmasa, belki de cezaevinde ölecekti... Bediüzzaman Hazretleri'ne neler yaşatılmıştı...
Bir Başbakan'ı, iki bakanı asmışız.
Nasıl bir cinnettir bu!
Niye yaparız bunu?
Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri adına Erbakan Hoca için taziye mesajı yayınlandı. İçinde Hoca'nın hizmetlerinin altını çizen çok anlamlı mesajlar vardı. TSK adına Fatih Camii avlusuna çelenk gönderildi. Birinci Ordu Komutanı Org. Hayri Kıvrıkoğlu, Genelkurmay adına cenazeye katıldı. Çok doğru ve güzel jestler bunlar.
Peki 28 Şubat Milli Güvenlik Kurulu'nda o hesap sormalar neydi? Onlar asker miydi, onlar neyi anlamamış ya da yanlış anlamışlardı?
Dün, Fatih Camii avlusu ve Fatih'ten Merkez Efendi'ye kadar tüm yollar tekbir sesleriyle inledi.
Bunu bugün medyada yadırgayanlar olur mu bilmem ama bunların tamamı Türkiye'dir.
Evet, Erbakan "Milli Görüş"ü Fatih'in, Alpaslan'ın ideolojisi olarak tanıttı hep.
O söyledi diye birçok çevre Fatih'e, Alpaslan'a, tekbire yabancılaştı. Ama o tekbirler, aynı zamanda Milli Mücadele'nin ruhu idi de. Milli Mücadele o ruhla kazanılmıştı.
Ölümler, diyorum hiç olmazsa ölümler bazı zihinlerde bir dönüşüm gerçekleştirse...
Hiç olmazsa bundan sonra insanların yaşarken yaptığı hizmetler görülebilse...
Dün, denebilir ki Türkiye, bütünüyle helalleşti Erbakan Hoca ile...
Nasıl bilirdiniz diye soruldu ve Fatih'te toplanan milyonu aşkın yürek, "İyi biliriz" diye tezkiyede bulundu. Hüzünlere, hüsnü şahadetler karıştı.
Erbakan Hoca, sadece üniversitede değil, siyasette de hoca oldu. Onun mektebinde yetişenler, bugün Türkiye'yi yönetiyorlar.
Farklılıklar olmaz mı olur, bu da bazen istemeden ortaya çıkan başarıdır.
Bana zaman zaman sorulur:
-Acaba görünürde ihtilaf var gibi olsa da, gerçekte Hoca ile Erdoğan arasında bir anlaşma mı bulunuyor?
Anlaşma var mı yok mu bilmem ama ruhların birbirinden kopmadığını bilirim. Bir mektepten tek tip insan çıkmaz ama o mektebin oluşturduğu ruh ikliminin herkeste bir ölçüde yaşayacağı muhakkak.
Bence Hoca, dünyaya gözlerini müsterih kapamıştır. Gönlü rahat bir yolculuğa çıkmıştır.
Mekanı cennet olsun.
Davası asla yerde kalmaz.
Allah'ın rahmeti üzerine olsun.
Seher yıldızı: Erbakan - SİBEL ERASLAN - STAR
Nasıl yaşarsanız öyle ölürsünüz” cümlesinin özeti gibiydi 28 Şubat günü Fatih sokakları... Ümraniye’den Üsküdar’a, Eminönü’nden, Sultanahmet sırtlarından, Fatih’e... Dalga dalga okunan selaların içinde akarak yürüyorduk. Hoca’ya yetişmek için...
İnsanlar kamyonların arkasına, minübüslere, bulabildikleri vasıtalara atlayarak koşup gelmişler... Eminönü’nden sonrasını yaya olarak ama Hoca hayattayken yaptığı toplanmalar ve mitinglerde olduğu gibi, emin ve hızlı adımlarla yürüyorlar...
Yürümek... Erbakan’ın hareketinin özü gibi. Ne olursa olsun, önüne hangi engel konursa konsun, illa yürümek.
Kalabalık, onun açılmış vasiyeti gibi adeta...
Kader okunun tam da 28 Şubat’ı işaret ettiği bir gün, başta Cumhurbaşkanı ve Başbakan olmak üzere, yetiştirdiği tüm talebeler, dava arkadaşları sanki 28 Şubat’ın kara talihini örtmek, silmek iptal etmek için koşup gelmişler... Dile kolay 1968’den beri süren bir maratonun koşucuları onlar...
İradenin Davası dedikleri bu olsa gerek... Çelik gibi bir inançla, rüyadan, tahayyülden, fikirden vücut bulan bir “Büyük Türkiye” aşkı ve bu azmin yetiştirdiği kadrolar...
Devlet törenini değil de milletin kalbinin attığı menşei seçmek kendi vedasına... 28 Şubat’ta Ankara’dan İstanbul’a akan bir yıldız gibi Hoca’yı seyretmek, Hoca’nın vedasını ...
Urfa’dan, Sakarya’dan, Danimarka’dan koşup gelmiş insan öbeklerinin içinden yol bularak geçmeye çalışıyoruz. Kalabalık birer balgömeci gibi selaların arasında birbirine omuz omuza yaklaşıyor. Tüm nizalar, tüm hay huylar terkedilmiş, herkes koşup yetişmek için vasiyetin bir ucundan tutuyor... Sarıgüzel mahallesinde, bir dar sokakta, turşucu dükkanı ile gömlek diken bir terzihanenin arasında tekbir getiriyoruz... Önümde gençten bir kuryeci, kaskını çıkarıyor, bir de seyyar helvacı var, bir tepsiye dizdiği susamlı koz helvalarını bismilah deyip önüme bırakıyor... Helvacının sırtında paltosu yok, kuryecinin çorapları delik... Ne D8’ler gibi devasa bir dünya projesi, ne Ağır Sanayi... Garip gureba, fakir fukaranın en çok sevdiği söz: “ Mücahid Erbakan”... Selam verir vermez, kambur kumbur küçük tepsisini kavrayıp avurtlarını doldurarak Tekbir getiriyor helvacı, hiç üşümüyor, burada ne arıyor, neyi buluyor; “Mücahid Erbakan” diyor o kadar...
Yıllar yılı itilip kakılanlar, dışlananlar, metastas yapmış habis ur denilenler, inançlarına, değerlerine topyekun savaş açılmışlar, paltosuzlar, kamyonların arkasına doluşup; “Hak yol İslam” diye marş söyleyenler... Koşup gelmişlerdi işte vedaya, vasiyete , selama ve helalleşmeye...
Her ismin bir kader taşıdığını söyler büyükler... Necmeddin... Yıldız... Seher yıldızı gibi, karanlığın en karanlık olduğu günlerde doğmuştu semaya... Geceyi gündüze bağlayan vefakar ve sabırlı bir yıldız gibi gündoğumundan bahsetmişti sabahı bekleyenlere... Seher Yıldızı gibi, geceyi sabaha bağlayarak akıp geçti Hoca da haritanın diğer yüzüne...
Sabah namazına acaip bir rüyadan kalkarak girmiştim o gün... Bütün nehirler, Harem-i Şerif’e akmak ister diye bir cümle söyleniyordu düşümde. Unutma ikazı ile birkaç kere tekrar edildikten sonra güzel bir hattı şerif ile Harem-i Şerif yazısına bakıyordum hayran hayran... Rüyamın devamını, İstanbul sokaklarından akan binlerce nehirle tabir edilir görünce hayret ettim... Siyaseti bir köşeye bırakınız... 28 Şubat günü, halk, nehirler gibi akarak bir sandığın başına toplanmıştı... Bu Hoca’nın yeryüzündeki final sandığıydı... “Helal Olsun” diye haykırıyordu herkes... Helal Olsun...
Halk, 28 Şubat günü, Hoca’sını devlete bırakmadı... Aldı, kalbine yatırdı...
Onun en büyük eserleri ise başta Cumhurbaşkanımız ve Başbakanımız olmak üzere, tıpkı rüyasını gördüğü gibi “Yeniden Büyük Türkiye” hedefini ikmal eden kadrol
|
8,547 | 1 | 0 |
託付給了東海漁村的一個村長，起了和自己一樣的名字叫Monkey. D. Luffy。自己則改名叫龍。 Monkey. D. Dragon。開始了真正推翻海政府的事業。
此時的龍（魯夫）堅信他一定會推翻Z府的。在40年後，也就是龍70歲的時候，Z府徹底被推翻。但是沒有Z府的管理下，世界山賊海賊橫行，民不聊生。
看了一樁有一樁悲劇之後，龍開始後悔當初的決定。他覺得有一個壞的Z府，總比沒有強。至少絕大多數百姓能正常生活。
龍再次走進鏡子時光機，回到了60多年前。他化名為卡普，加入了海軍。
開始追擊大海賊時代的罪魁禍首：羅傑作為羅傑後一代的海賊王的卡普PK前一代的海賊王羅傑。卡普幾次都差點殺死羅傑。羅傑知道自己打不過卡普，投案自首了，但是製造出了大海賊時代。
卡普認識到，有必要培養更強力的Hai軍，還對付新的海賊。所以他回到了當初東海的漁村去找自己當時只有3歲的兒子Luffy。自稱是Luffy的爺爺。開始教導鍛煉當時的小Luffy將來成為Hai軍，保衛世界Z府。可惜Luffy後來並沒有去當Hai軍，這讓卡普非常惱火
由於卡普的壓制，新的魯夫並沒有被沒有那麼順利的當上海賊王。但是新路飛仍然找到了最後的寶藏OP。一心想當海賊王的魯夫這次決定利用時光機，回到大海賊時代之前去當海賊王，這樣就可以避免爺爺卡普的阻撓。
新魯夫回到了羅傑時代之前，改名為哥德。 D。羅傑。這個他很喜歡的名字。卡普發現自己的兒子（新魯夫）已經利用OP回到了羅傑時代，自己也用OP回到同一個時代去阻止新魯夫瘋狂的活動。
在羅傑時代他發現有兩個自己，以前追擊羅傑的卡普。他堅信兩個自己絕對能阻止羅傑的行動。所以自己將頭髮和鬍子都染白了，改名為白鬍子。成為羅傑當海賊王最大的對手。
最開始的女帝，在發現魯夫和自己兒子從鏡子裡消失以後，自己也進入鏡子，但是因為不會操作，一下回到了羅傑時代，認識了羅傑時代的新魯夫。並生下了一個兒子。起名叫艾斯。
新魯夫把自己的兒子艾斯放到了自己當初出生的漁村，讓艾斯和當初的自己成為兄弟，合力對抗Z府。新魯夫相信，自己和自己的兒子聯手，一定能當時海賊王。
白鬍子和卡普聯手把羅傑（新路飛）逼入絕境，自投羅網。但是在行刑那天，白鬍子和卡普堅信羅傑消失了，並沒有死。那個在行刑台上的只是個替身。
整個羅傑的行動背後有巨大的陰謀！而艾斯是唯一的線索。
白鬍子利用一次戰鬥，收服了艾斯，並將他留在自己船上看管。沒想到，竟被突然殺出來的黑鬍子給攪局了！艾斯被Z府抓了去，要行刑。如果艾斯死了，白鬍子就前功盡棄，任務徹底失敗了。所以他不遺餘力去救艾斯。可惜當時的白鬍子（老魯夫）已經90多歲了。
自己的身體為了保持新的半巨人形象，一直在用橡皮果實的隱藏技能【橡膠橡膠變形】。每天要注射很多藥物來維持生命。他為了隱藏自己的橡膠果實，發明了以橡膠2檔高速震動為力量的攻擊招數。配合自己的霸氣，可以產生海嘯等效果。並告訴旁人，這是震震果實。
在法場上，突然黑鬍子出現了。並大喊了一聲，「魯夫，你知道D的含義嗎」黑鬍子用眼神看著魯夫，白鬍子，卡普還有隱藏在人群中的龍。他明顯知道這些人都是魯夫。所有時代的魯夫一驚。黑鬍子解釋說：「我們D一族其實就是時空穿越一族。」黑鬍子接著說：我們最終的歸屬都是一樣的，回到200年前，那個空白歷史的時代，去對抗創造世界Z府的五個王。我們D一族是不生不滅的時空游離者。
羅傑，他已經回到200年前了。我把艾斯抓來其實就是讓我們幾個人碰面，我們一起回到200年前吧。
鷹眼等眾人：悲劇了，我們沒有D字的角色註定是配角。
眾魯夫：那你究竟是誰？ ？ ？
黑鬍子：我既是你的兄弟，又是你的兒子，我以前的名字就是艾斯。
艾斯：啊？那你身材的怎麼糟糕！
黑鬍子：老了嘛。發福了。
艾斯：那怎麼解釋你的黑暗能力？
黑鬍子：火焰果實使用到裡極致，就可以操縱黑色火焰吞噬一切。
這一招叫做天照。黑鬍子是艾斯
=======
好像哪裡怪怪的，但又不知道該怎麼反駁….
via
沒想到會是這樣！喜歡這篇文章的話，就點個讚分享出去吧 !<|endoftext|>We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.
Acne is a common skin disorder that can result in several types of blemish. Some include pimples, whiteheads, and blackheads. There are many ways to prevent acne.
Dermatologists have identified four factors that contribute to the development of acne:
- the skin producing too much oil, which clogs pores
- dead skin cells building up, which has the same effect
- the presence of a bacteria called Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) in the pores
- inflammation of the skin, which also leads to redness
A doctor or dermatologist can help to identify which factor or combination of factors is causing acne. However, many methods of treatment and prevention are similar, regardless of the cause. The following tips can help to protect against acne and reduce the number of breakouts.
There are many things a person can do to prevent pimples and other forms of acne, including:
1. Wash the face twice daily
Acne is rarely the result of a dirty face, contrary to popular belief. However, it is important to remove excess dirt and oil from the skin by washing regularly.
Many people prefer to use a mild cleanser and warm water. Applying an oil-free moisturizer after washing can keep the skin from becoming too dry.
Over-washing the face may cause the skin to become dry, which can aggravate pimples.
2. Refrain from harsh scrubbing
Some people scrub the skin with rough cloth pads or washcloths. This can irritate the skin and cause inflammation, making acne breakouts worse.
Applying a gentle cleanser with clean hands or a soft brush intended for use on the face can help to prevent pimples.
3. Keep hair clean
If excess oil in the hair travels to the skin, it can worsen acne. Regularly washing the hair may stop acne from developing, especially close to the hairline.
Also, refrain from getting products such as hair gel or spray on the face. These can also clog pores and lead to breakouts.
4. Refrain from popping or picking at pimples
It may be tempting to squeeze a pimple, but this usually results in inflammation and scarring.
To reduce the appearance of blemishes, use a topical treatment instead. They may take some time to work, but they can also prevent new pimples from forming.
5. Apply topical treatments
Over-the-counter treatments, such as creams or serums, can reduce breakouts, particularly when they tend to occur in certain areas.
The following problem areas are common:
- the chin
- the nose
- the forehead
Treatments available for purchase online often contain salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide. These products are not as potent as prescription-strength treatments, but they can help to prevent mild acne and reduce breakouts.
6. Consider topical retinoids
Topical retinoids are products containing medicines derived from vitamin A, and dermatologists prescribe them to manage and prevent acne. These treatments can also get rid of excess dead skin cells and reduce inflammation.
Most topical retinoids are only available with by prescription, including tretinoin (Retin-A, Renova), and tazarotene (Tazorac).
However, one retinoid medication, adapalene (Differin), is available for purchase online or over the counter.
7. Talk to a dermatologist about antibiotics
Topical antibiotics can fight an overgrowth of P. acne bacteria in the skin. Examples of antibiotics that treat this inflammatory acne include erythromycin and clindamycin, which are available by prescription.
A person can identify inflammatory acne by its very red, irritated appearance. It can also be painful.
8. Talk to a doctor about hormone pills
Birth control pills can help to prevent acne, by helping to regulate the hormones that may make acne worse.
However, these pills carry risks, so it is essential to review the benefits and side effects before making a decision.
Spironolactone, a medication often used to treat high blood pressure, may also help in cases of severe acne. However, spironolactone has many possible side effects, so it is best to speak to a doctor.
9. Cut back on foods linked to acne
Doctors are not certain of the connection between foods and acne. However, a growing body of
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, foods with a high glycemic index may increase the risk of developing acne or make acne worse.
These potentially problematic foods are sugary and high in carbohydrates. Some examples include:
Dairy products, especially skim milk, may also increase a person’s risk of developing acne. A person may want to cut back on a particular food group, to see if their skin improves.
10. Wear sunscreen when going outdoors
Too much sun has many damaging effects on the skin. Sunburn can also lead to an overproduction of oils that make acne worse.
Using oil-free sunscreen with a protection factor of at least 15 may help to prevent sunburns and exacerbated acne.
11. Consider light or laser therapies
A dermatologist or esthetician can provide these therapies, which aim to reduce the presence of P. acne bacteria on the skin.
12. Avoid skincare products that contain oil
Skincare products contain oil can clog the pores. These products are often intended for use on dry or mature skin that may not have as much natural oil.
Products that do not contain oil are usually labeled “non-comedogenic.”
It may be a good idea to avoid touching household grease and cooking oils, which can also clog pores.
13. Refrain from excess exfoliation
Exfoliation is the process of removing dead cells from the skin.
While some exfoliation can help to improve acne, too much can worsen breakouts. This happens when a person removes too much natural oil from the skin. The skin may compensate by producing more oil, which clogs pores and leads to more pimples.
If a person is exfoliating too much, the skin may become irritated or feel very tight after washing.
14. Reduce stress
Stress often causes inflammation, which can make breakouts worse.
Below are some means of reducing stress that may help to prevent acne:
- doing yoga
- relaxing before bed by reading or taking a bath
- spending time in nature
- engaging in hobbies
15. Keep facial care products clean
Makeup and facial sponges and brushes should be cleaned regularly with soap and water to prevent a buildup of bacteria, which could lead to breakouts.
Make sure that brushes dry completely before use.<|endoftext|>New algorithm could enable household robots to better identify objects in cluttered environments
For household robots ever to be practical, they'll need to be able to recognize the objects they're supposed to manipulate. But while object recognition is one of the most widely studied topics in artificial intelligence, even the best object detectors still fail much of the time.
Researchers at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory believe that household robots should take advantage of their mobility and their relatively static environments to make object recognition easier, by imaging objects from multiple perspectives before making judgments about their identity. Matching up the objects depicted in the different images, however, poses its own computational challenges.
In a paper appearing in a forthcoming issue of the International Journal of Robotics Research, the MIT researchers show that a system using an off-the-shelf algorithm to aggregate different perspectives can recognize four times as many objects as one that uses a single perspective, while reducing the number of misidentifications.
They then present a new algorithm that is just as accurate but that, in some cases, is 10 times as fast, making it much more practical for real-time deployment with household robots.
"If you just took the output of looking at it from one viewpoint, there's a lot of stuff that might be missing, or it might be the angle of illumination or something blocking the object that causes a systematic error in the detector," says Lawson Wong, a graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science and lead author on the new paper. "One way around that is just to move around and go to a different viewpoint."
Wong and his thesis advisors—Leslie Kaelbling, the Panasonic Professor of Computer Science and Engineering, and Tomás Lozano-Pérez, the School of Engineering Professor of Teaching Excellence—considered scenarios in which they had 20 to 30 different images of household objects clustered together on a table. In several of the scenarios, the clusters included multiple instances of the same object, closely packed together, which makes the task of matching different perspectives more difficult.
The first algorithm they tried was developed for tracking systems such as radar, which must also determine whether objects imaged at different times are in fact the same. "It's been around for decades," Wong says. "And there's a good reason for that, which is that it really works well. It's the first thing that most people think of."
For each pair of successive images, the algorithm generates multiple hypotheses about which objects in one correspond to which objects in the other. The problem is that the number of hypotheses compounds as new perspectives are added. To keep the calculation manageable, the algorithm discards all but its top hypotheses at each step. Even so, sorting through them all, after the last hypothesis has been generated, is a time-consuming task.
In hopes of arriving at a more efficient algorithm, the MIT researchers adopted a different approach. Their algorithm doesn't discard any of the hypotheses it generates across successive images, but it doesn't attempt to canvass them all, either. Instead, it samples from them at random. Since there's significant overlap between different hypotheses, an adequate number of samples will generally yield consensus on the correspondences between the objects in any two successive images.
To keep the required number of samples low, the researchers adopted a simplified technique for evaluating hypotheses. Suppose that the algorithm has identified three objects from one perspective and four from another. The most mathematically precise way to compare hypotheses would be to consider every possible set of matches between the two groups of objects: the set that matches objects 1, 2, and 3 in the first view to objects 1, 2, and 3 in the second; the set that matches objects 1, 2, and 3 in the first to objects 1, 2, and 4 in the second; the set that matches objects 1, 2, and 3 in the first view to objects 1, 3, and 4 in the second, and so on. In this case, if you include the possibilities that the detector has made an error and that some objects are occluded from some views, that approach would yield 304 different sets of matches.
Instead, the researchers' algorithm considers each object in the first group separately and evaluates its likelihood of mapping onto an object in the second group. So object 1 in the first group could map onto objects 1, 2, 3, or 4 in the second, as could object 2, and so on. Again, with the possibilities of error and occlusion factored in, this approach requires only 20 comparisons.
It does, however, open the door to nonsensical results. The algorithm could conclude that the most likely match for object 3 in the second group is object 3 in the first—and it could also conclude that the most likely match for object 4 in the second group is object 3 in the first. So the researchers' algorithm also looks for such double mappings and re-evaluates them. That takes extra time, but not nearly as much as considering aggregate mappings would. In this case, the algorithm would perform 32 comparisons—more than 20, but significantly less than 304.
This story is republished courtesy of MIT News (web.mit.edu/newsoffice/), a popular site that covers news about MIT research, innovation and teaching.<|endoftext|>Namsa, Nima D and Tag, Hui and Mandal, M and Kalita, P and Das, AK (2009) An ethnobotanical study of traditional anti-inflammatory plants used by the Lohit community of Arunachal Pradesh, India. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 125 (2). pp. 234-245.
fulltext.pdf - Published Version
Restricted to Registered users only
Download (986Kb) | Request a copy
Aim of the study: Most people especially in rural areas depend on herbal medicines to treat many diseases including inflammation-related ailments such as rheumatism, muscle swelling,
|
8,547 | 1 | 1 |
using a soft power argues that the U.S. should address the increasing economic and military growth of China?
Some of the proponents that are using soft power in exhibiting their international image, for instance, Soviet Union, Russia, Moscow and these nations believe that in the near future China will be leading in terms of economy and soft power. This is because in the recent decades, economic and military growth in China has been impressive, and her neighbors are looking for partners in order to bring the balance of power in China. If a nation is capable of increasing its soft power, its neighboring countries should not feel bothered in balancing its power? For example, Canada and Mexico do not look for partnership with China in order to balance U. S soft power, like the way U. S Seeks partnership with her Asia neighbors in order to bring a balance of power in China. For a country to enjoy soft power, it must enjoy limited returns from its investments. This is what China lacks and it, therefore, proves difficult to enjoy the balance of power. China has a huge influence in African countries and in Latin America, but receives a negative influence in U .S, Europe, India, Japan, and South Korea. Nations that enjoy soft powers use both culture and narrative in exhibiting their international image, but it becomes difficult if the message sent conflicts with the domestic realities. This is the reason why Chinas' increasing economic and military growth is not a threat to U .S because it lacks limited returns opposed to U.S. Despite soft power being very popular, it is a confusing power, and no single country can pride to exercise this power. Transition can occur any time, thus, causing power shift from superpower countries to rising nations.
Does a soft power represent the U.S. best a big picture a foreign policy strategy over the next several decades?
There is link between a country being attractive to its partners and having the ability to influence the very same countries within the international relations. Therefore, it is uncertain to consider that U.S. will remain a superpower country and at the same time enjoy the soft power in the next several decades. As discussed, for a nation to enjoy the soft power it must be attractive, in terms of international relations and increase its economic and military growth. Soft power does not belong to a particular country and thus U.S. should not be visualize it as a foreign policy strategy, it should be aware of the rising nations like China.
Non-State Actors (1.5-2 Pages)
sources that supports Non-government organizations (NGOs) and private military and security companies (PMSCs) each receive funding from different types of sources..
The international private military and security industries and Non-government organizations (NGOs) provides opportunities for both the states and non-state actors to accomplish their goals without much hassles. They provide both the technical and financial support in places they consider require immediate help.
Explain the different sources and types of financial support these groups receive
The sources that offer technical and financial help must have other sources from where they obtain financial assistance. In a broader sense, financial institutions, like, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) must have their financial supporters in order for them to boost other private organizations that conducts humanitarian services. For instance, World Bank obtains its funds through the operations conducted by the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). This financial institution offers loans to developing countries. IBRD obtains its funds from its own paid-in capital and other investments. In addition, it also obtains funds from donor countries, like USA among others, which tops off these banks after every three years, and from interests earned from loans.
IMF is another source that supports the NGOs and PMSCs. They usually obtain their funds from subscriptions from the member countries. The amount that the member government subscribes determines the percentage share that a particular government has in both the running and operation of the IMF. It can also obtain funds by activating a line of credit that it holds with member governments and large financial institutions. It can also raise its funds through loans from private organizations that operate the financial markets. Other than funds, these sources also offer technical supports, for instance, they can provide ammunitions to the military and security industries.
How is the source of their funds likely to influence their behavior?
These sources, and in this case, the IBRD, have a great influence on sources that supports Non-government organizations (NGOs) and private military and security companies (PMSCs). This is because they determine their going concern and, they have the highest priority in the running and operating the institutions. Likewise, this is a trend affects even the NGOs and the PMSCs, in that, the Word Bank and the IMF have a great influence in the running and operation of this organizations. In most cases, these organizations determine how the funds they offer will be used based on what they consider significant.
In general, are the services that these types of non-state organizations provide superior to the level of service that could be provided by governments?
The services and the funds they offer are incomparable with the level of service offered by governments. This is because governments operate under predetermined budgets and in case of emergencies, it becomes difficult for governments to act. This is much different from these charitable organizations because they are formed with an objective of responding to emergencies that may result to violence if unattended.
Marxism and Constructivism
Marxism and constructivism present a critique of current world order and a vision of alternate global orders.
Realism and constructivism are in most cases viewed as international relations paradigms that are in conflict. On one hand, Realists asserts that international relations are sheer reflections of the essentials of power politics and balances of power. On the other hand, constructivists argue that international relations are a reflection of the power politics as well as the values and identity politics. However, the two paradigms never conflict with each other. Rather, realism suits well with some variants from constructivist paradigms, regardless of having unrecognized compatibility. Furthermore, it is possible to combine major variables of realism and constructivism and even synthesize them, but their contended incongruity hinders them. This hindrance based on their ontological and epistemological factors. This is a contention that surpasses their proponents.
Describe the critique that constructivism makes of realism and balance orders. Is this a valid criticism? Why or why not?
The Balance of Power seeks to explain the formation of an alliance. According to this theory, and based on international relations, nations must ascertain their survival retaining or increasing their political power within an independent world. In case of any form of attack, it is the duty of the state to prevent its occurrence by balancing the power. The nations ensure that it enjoys the balance of power by utilizing its internal efforts, for instance, through enhancing its economic capability, increasing the military enforcement, and inventing on cleaver and viable strategies.
The nation can also maintain its balance of power through the external balancing, and this happens when states seeks ways to enhance ways of forming partnerships. On the other hand, Realism argues that there is no actor above the state of controlling his or her relations. Instead, states should have a free will to interact with other states without being compelled by any higher powers. With this in mind, I suppose this should be a valid critique because those states that attempts to enjoy the balance of power assists other nations develop with the aim of competing with other nations. This also means the presence of realism and balance of power helps develop good relations between nations.
Describe the appraisal that Marxism makes of liberal, a consent-based world order. Is this a valid condemnation? Why or why not?
Marxism argues that liberal individualism establishes on formal rights and liberties, but the material inequalities that form those rights and liberties remain insignificant. For instance, everyone has a right to own an automobile, but the right becomes meaningless because there is no money to purchase the automobile. Therefore, Marxism asserts that a right becomes valuable if one has money to own that right. In essence, the value of right is measured by the sufficiency of material that makes it possible to…<|endoftext|>Maliye Bakanlığı, GSM`de olduğu gibi enerji dağıtım ihale bedellerine ait KDV için de taksitlendirme imkânı tanıyacak.
Enerji dağıtımı ihalelerinin KDV`ye tabi olması yönündeki Maliye Bakanlığı görüşü ile ortaya çıkan sıkıntı, İş-Tim`in GSM`de KDV ödemesine benzer bir formülle çözülecek. KDV`lere taksitlendirme imkânı tanınacak.
Maliye Bakanlığı Hesap Uzmanları Kurulu tarafından yapılan incelemede,
enerji dağıtım ihalelerinin de KDV`ye tabi olacağı yönündeki tespitinden sonra Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanı Cumhur Ersümer, KDV ödemesinin enerji dağıtım özelleştirmelerini tehlikeye sokacağını açıklamıştı. Ersümer, Maliye Bakanı Sümer Oral ile de görüşerek, sorunun çözüme kavuşturulmasını istemişti.
Maliye Bakanlığı, konuyu yasal yönden yeniden değerlendirmeye alırken, enerji dağıtım ihalelerinin KDV`ye tabi olacağı yönündeki kararını değiştirmedi. Ancak, GSM 1800 KDV ödemesine benzer bir yöntemle, KDV`nin taksitlendirilebileceği yönünde bir esneklik oluştu. Maliye Bakanlığı görüşünün, enerjide ödemelerin çoğunlukla peşin olacağını dikkate alarak, yalnız taksitli ödemelerde değil, peşin ödemelerde de KDV`nin birkaç taksite bölünebileceği yönünde olacağına dikkat çekiliyor. İş-Tim`de önce, tüm ihale bedeline ilişkin KDV`nin sözleşmeden önce imzalanmasını isteyen Maliye Bakanlığı, KDV`nin iki taksitte alınmasını kabul etmişti. (Radikal)<|endoftext|>The cherry is the fruit of a flowering tree in the Prunus genus. Though there are dozens of species that are commonly called cherries, only a few few produce edible fleshy stone fruit that are commercially called a cherry, namely P. avium (the wild, or sweet cherry) and P. cerasus (the sour cherry).
The cherry has grown wild since prehistoric times, with a range that stretched from Europe into Asia and northern Africa. Turkey has long grown cherries, and today leads the world in commercial output of the fruit. It was domesticated before the Common Era - the Roman politician Lucullus brought cherry trees back to Rome from Turkey.
Commercially, cherries are divided into sweet and tart types. Sweet cherries (such as Bing, Rainier, and Queen Anne) are typically eaten fresh, and sour cherries (Montmorency, Evans, Balaton) are usually frozen, preserved, or made into pies. Cherries are high in anthocyanins, a class of antioxidants.
Queen Anne cherries are used to make modern Maraschino cherries (which have nothing in common with true Maraschino cherries -- the modern version bleaches the color from the fruit with sodium metabisulfite, dyes them with artificial colors, and packs the cherries in sugar syrup, whereas true Maraschino cherries are literally Marasca cherries preserved in Maraschino, a liqueur made from the pits, stems and fruit of the marasca cherry).
Cherries are used to make eau de vie (usually called Kirsch or Kirschwasser) and liqueurs such as Maraschino, Cherry Heering, or Luxardo's Sangue Morlacco. They are also preserved and used as a cocktail garnish.
Some popular cocktails containing Cherry
- Susina Sour — Plum eau-de-vie, Orange liqueur, Gin, Cherry, Lemon juice, Honey syrup, Rosemary
- Peppery Ginger Cider — Bourbon, Ginger liqueur, Cider, Cherry, Lemon juice, Cracked Pepper
- South Park Sling — Gin, Cherry Liqueur, Aperol, Cynar, Bitters, Pineapple juice, Cherry, Lime juice, Passion fruit syrup, Pineapple
- Early Bird — Rum, Coffee liqueur, Simple syrup, Lime juice, Cherry
- Super Ego — Aromatized wine, Campari, Bourbon, Bitters, Cherry
- Juan Madera — Mezcal, Sweet vermouth, Kummel, Bitters, Cherry, Lime juice
- Shattered Glasser — Reposado Tequila, Sweet vermouth, Batavia Arrack, Mezcal, Allspice Dram, Bénédictine, Bitters, Cherry
- Polka Dot Negroni — Salers Gentiane, Gin, Bianco Vermouth, Grapefruit bitters, Cherry, Lemon peel
- The Book Deal — Bourbon, Campari, Cynar, Fernet Branca, Bitters, Cherry, Cherry syrup
- Manhattan — Rye, Sweet vermouth, Bitters, Cherry<|endoftext|>lunedì 9 febbraio 2009
CONFETTURA DI KIWI
Ingredienti:
1 kg di kiwi
750 g di zucchero
250 g di acqua
1 limone solo succo
1 baccello di vaniglia
Procedimento:
Sbucciate e tagliate a pezzi i kiwi, poneteli in una casseruola con il succo del limone.
Incidete il baccello di vaniglia nel senso della lunghezza e grattate i semini neri con la punta di un coltello, che unirete ai kiwi nella casseruola.
Fate cuocere per circa mezz'ora, a questo punto unite alla frutta uno sciroppo preparato con 750 g di zucchero sciolto in 250 g di acqua.
Se la confettura vi piace a pezzi, lasciate cuocere ancora fino a raggiungere la densità desiderata.
Altrimenti fate passare dieci minuti e passate nel passino disco grande.
Rimettete sul fuoco e fate addensare, mettetela nei barattoli ancora calda, chiudeteli e fate raffreddare.<|endoftext|>مایک تاملین با فرضیه ها سر و کار ندارد. مربی قدیمی پیتسبورگ استیلرز ترجیح می دهد با آنچه اتفاق می افتد مقابله کند تا آنچه ممکن است اتفاق بیفتد.
اما در این فصل ، او این روش را به چالش کشید. فولادی های بدون شکست (10-0) در بازی ای که قبلاً سه بار دفع شده است ، ابتدا از شکرگذاری تا یکشنبه گذشته ، سپس از یکشنبه گذشته تا سه شنبه شب ، میزبان شباهت زیادی به بالتیمور ریونز (6-4) هستند. سپس از سه شنبه تا چهارشنبه. این بازی اولین بازی NFL است که از ابتدای فصل 2012 برای چهارشنبه برنامه ریزی شده است.
البته اگر بپذیریم که آنها بازی می کنند. به سختی برای یک سال داده می شود که عدم اطمینان و هرج و مرج فقط یک آزمایش مثبت برای COVID-19 باشد.
برای پوشش بیشتر ورزش در FOXNEWS.COM اینجا کلیک کنید
تاملین گفت: “روز به روز است.” “این یک وضعیت حساس است.”
به طور مداوم نیز تغییر می کند. بعد از ظهر سه شنبه ریونز بیش از دوازده بازیکن در لیست ذخیره خود / COVID-19 داشت ، گروهی که شامل مدیر NFL MVP لامار جکسون است. فولادی ها نسخه های اختصاصی COVID-19 خود را دارند که با پایان محافظت شده توسط Stephon Tuitt شروع به بازگشت جیمز کانر در میان چهار بازیکنی است که بازی نخواهند کرد.
NFL تمام تلاش خود را می کند تا لیگ را در مسیر خود حفظ کند تا یک فصل 16 بازی را در 17 هفته به پایان برساند. به عنوان دلیل اثبات به دنبال از دست دادن دنور بدون نیواورلئان در روز یکشنبه.
کم هیوارد ، مدافع فولادی ها گفت: “ما درک می کنیم که هر تیم چیزی مشابه را تجربه می کند.” “نه در چنین حدی ، اما ما باید آماده هر شرایطی باشیم. من فکر می کنم (تاملین) برنامه را تعیین کرد. ما باید او را دنبال کنیم و باید با او گزاف گویی کنیم. “
فولادی ها با یک پیروزی ، بالتیمور را با دفاع از قهرمان AFC شمال ، به طور موثر از این گروه حذف می کنند. این امر همچنین به پیتسبورگ امکان می دهد تا جدا از قهرمان کنونی Super Super Bowl کانزاس سیتی برای کسب عنوان برتر در کنفرانس – و این خداحافظی موجود در این فصل.
هنوز هم فولادی ها محتاط هستند. آخرین باری که آنها رابرت گریفین سوم ، مهاجم ذخیره ای راونز را دیدند ، که باید به جای جکسون شروع می کرد ، تازه وارد سال 2012 تهاجمی سال باعث شد تا بالتیمور در فینال فصل منظم 2019 از پیتسبورگ عبور کند. بالتیمور همچنین ممکن است تمام ثبات مدافعان خود را داشته باشد. اگر Mark Ingram و JK Dobins همچنان آزمایش COVID-19 را منفی کنند.
هیوارد گفت: “آنها یک خط حمله موبایل دارند که آخرین بار ما را شکست دادند.” “دفاع آنها فرصت طلبانه است و می توانند در مسافت های طولانی باشند و یک ضربه بزنند تا آنها را از هر شرایطی خارج کنند. من می دانم که در مورد رفت و آمد بچه ها عدم اطمینان زیادی داریم ، اما وقتی زمان آن فرا برسد با آن کنار خواهیم آمد. ما برای آنچه آنها به ما پرتاب می کنند آماده هستیم. “
اگر بیماری همه گیر فرصتی برای هر دو باشگاه فراهم کند.
برای دریافت برنامه FOX NEWS اینجا را کلیک کنید
جعبه های یدکی
عدم حضور کانر به این معنی است که پیتسبورگ باید به بنی اسنل جونیور و بازیکن تازه وارد آنتونی مک فارلند جونیور برای کمک به خط حمله بن روتلیسبرگر متکی باشد. اسنل در حالی که یک کانور مصدوم را پر کرده بود ، در یک پیروزی فصلی برابر غول های نیویورک برای 113 یارد در حال دویدن است ، اما در موقعیت های کوتاه مدت تا حد زیادی بی ثمر است.
اسنل در 9 بازی اخیر پیتسبورگ 82 یارد در 38 رانندگی و سه مسابقه دارد. از مک فارلند از زمان اجرای 42 یارد در هفته 3 مقابل هوستون به میزان کم استفاده شده است.
راه حل یک مشکل
کلاغ ها در 22 نوامبر در وقت اضافه به سختی توانستند دریک هنری را به زمین بیندازند و به دلیل شیوع COVID-19 در تیم وقت تمرین برای اصلاح شرایط را نداشتند.
بنابراین آنها روی حافظه عضلانی کار خواهند کرد.
مربی جان هارباو هنگام مرور بازی تایتان ها گفت: “پسران ما می دانند که چطور این کار را انجام دهند و ما در اکثر بازی ها خیلی خیلی خوب بازی کردیم.” “فکر نمی کنم به دلایلی در پایان بتوانیم آن را به پایان برسانیم.
“ما می توانیم در این شرایط بهتر عمل کنیم ، اما به این دلیل نیست که نمی دانیم چگونه این کار را انجام دهیم یا موارد مشابه دیگری. این چیزی نیست که ما هر روز
|
8,547 | 1 | 2 |
richiesta della fluidodinamica, il flusso indica quella quantità di fluido che viene trasferita in un'unità di tempo .
Questa unità può essere espressa sia in volume che in massa.
Nel caso precedentemente espresso del flusso di un fiume, normalmente, sarà espresso in metri cubi e al secondo, nel frattempo, l'evoluzione del flusso è rappresentata attraverso lo strumento noto come idrogramma.
Va notato che la conoscenza del flusso presentato da un fiume sarà di vitale importanza quando si tratta di costruire dighe, bacini o qualsiasi altro tipo di lavoro.
Flowmeter, lo strumento che misura il flusso
Il flussimetro è uno strumento appositamente creato per calcolare la misurazione di un flusso.
Per eseguire la misurazione, sono disposti in modo lineare con il tubo che trasporterà il fluido.
Il flussimetro può essere meccanico o elettrico.
Gli scaldacqua e le lavatrici utilizzano spesso il flussimetro elettrico.
Beni materiali, scatola in cui sono custoditi oggetti di valore e veicolo che trasporta denaro
Un altro uso che supporta questa parola è come sinonimo di beni, cioè può essere usato per indicare i beni materiali che qualcuno ha.
Dobbiamo prendere questa grande quantità di flussi con grande cautela verso la banca .
Nella sfera finanziaria ed economica, l'uso di questo termine è comune, come abbiamo già espresso, per designare qualsiasi tipo di bene materiale che un individuo detiene.
Ma questo non è l'unico uso che viene dato a questo termine in questo contesto ed è per questo che viene chiamato come cassaforte o cassaforte a quello spazio privato che può essere in una banca o in una casa, in ufficio, tra gli altri, e in cui sono custoditi oggetti di valore come denaro, gioielli, documentazione, per citare alcuni dei più comuni.
Le scatole di questo tipo di solito hanno una rigorosa sicurezza, specialmente quando si trovano nelle banche.
Solo i titolari o le persone autorizzate a farlo possono entrare.
Normalmente si trovano sottoterra dove si trova il cosiddetto tesoro bancario.
Hanno un sistema di sicurezza e sorveglianza, con telecamere più personale di sicurezza.
Ogni scatola ha un doppio lucchetto da aprire, uno fornito dalla banca e l'altro dal proprietario, senza che entrambi non possano essere aperti, oltre ad essere una misura di sicurezza aggiuntiva.
All'interno del luogo in cui si trova la cassetta di sicurezza, ci sono scatole o locali chiusi in cui i clienti che dispongono di una cassetta di sicurezza possono entrare per rimuovere o aggiungere oggetti senza che nessuno lo veda.
D'altra parte, il flow truck è un altro componente importante per volere del sistema finanziario, essendo il veicolo corazzato che si occupa del trasporto di flussi, precisamente, di grandi somme di denaro o altri valori, ad esempio il denaro che viene collocato agli sportelli bancomat.
Questi veicoli circolano sorvegliati da personale specializzato e hanno anche una sorveglianza satellitare, perché ovviamente sono spesso il bottino ambito da un numero enorme di criminali.
Nonostante ciò, dobbiamo dire che spesso subiscono gli effetti del crimine che, con questi attacchi, assumono spesso la forma di stivaletti milionari.
Informatica: informazioni ospitate su banda larga
Nel campo dell'informatica, troviamo anche un riferimento per questa parola, poiché indica la quantità di informazioni che sono state utilizzate in una banda larga .
Quando parliamo di flusso in relazione al corpo umano, vogliamo indicare che una struttura, come un organo, è al di sotto di un altro, a condizione che un piano orizzontale sia preso come relazione.
Abbondanza di qualcosa
E anche, nel linguaggio ordinario, quando c'è abbondanza di qualcosa, di solito è espressa in termini di velocità di flusso. " Lo scandalo per corruzione al Senato ha scatenato un flusso di accuse tra le persone coinvolte ".<|endoftext|>This fall, British Columbians will decide in a referendum what kind of voting system they want in the province.
It’s a choice of either keeping the current first-past-the-post system or adopting a new model called proportional representation.
In the present first-past-the-post system, the candidate with the most number of votes wins.
The term ‘proportional representation’ refers to a family of voting systems designed to produce a link between the share of votes a political party receives and the share of seats it gets in a legislative body.
The referendum will be conducted by mail-in ballot.
The campaign began on July 1, and the voting period runs from October 22 to November 30.
In the referendum, B.C. voters will be asked if they want to change the first-past-the-post system to one based on proportional representation.
If voters respond ‘yes’, then they will be asked which system they prefer:
- * Dual Member Proportional or DMP. A B.C. government report on voting systems describes how this works: Political parties nominate up to two candidates per electoral district who appear on the ballot in an order determined by the party. Voters cast a single vote for the pair of candidates of the political party of their choice. Seats are won in two ways: The first seats are won by the first candidates of the party that receives the most votes in each electoral district, similar to the first-past-the-post method. The second seats are allocated based on province-wide voting results and the individual district results.
- Mixed Member Proportional or MMP. The B.C. government report explained: MMP combines single-member electoral districts elected under the first-past-the-post model with seats allocated on a regional or provincial level. The overall share of seats each party holds in the Legislative Assembly is determined by the party’s share of the province-wide vote it receives.
- Rural-Urban Proportional. The provincial government report described this as: Rural-Urban PR consists of multi-member districts with seats filled using the Single Transferable Vote (STV) in urban and semi-urban areas and MMP in the most rural areas. In the MMP regions, a small number of seats are filled proportionally on a regional basis in order to provide some proportionality for these regions.[Editor‘s note: The Single Transferable Vote is a voting system in which multiple MLAs are elected in each electoral district and voters rank the candidates according to their preferences.]
Elections B.C. has chosen Vote PR B.C. as proponent of the proportional representation system, and the No B.C. Proportional Representation Society as opponent of the change.
On its website, Vote PR B.C. noted that the present first-past-post system is a winner-takes-all model that doesn’t consider the wishes of the majority of voters.
“Through proportional voting there will be no more elections where a party supported by a minority of voters can wield total power over the majority,” the group explained. “Instead, if a party’s candidates get 40 per cent of the vote, they’ll win 40 per cent of the seats. That’s it. Simple and fair.”
For its part, the No B.C. Proportional Representation Society argues that proportional representation systems “give rise to frequent coalition governments which are more likely to lead to legislative gridlock” than governments formed from a first-past-the-post system.
“PR electoral systems lead to a destabilizing fragmentation of the party system. Extreme pluralism can lead to the creation up to dozens of tiny parties which can then hold larger parties to ransom in coalition governments. This has happened before in Israel and Italy,” according to the group.
People can vote in the referendum if they are Canadian citizens, 18 years or older as of November 30, 2018, and a resident of B.C. for at least six months immediately before November 30, 2018.
British Columbians have voted twice on proportional representation, in 2005 and 2009. Votes cast for a system called single transferable vote failed to meet the success threshold.
Canadian Filipino Net is an independent, non-profit digital magazine produced by volunteer writers, editors and web masters. You can subscribe for free. To keep us going, we need your help. Donations of as little as $5 or $10 will go a long way so we can continuously write and publish stories about Canadian Filipinos. Just click on a donate button and proceed either through PayPal, Debit or Credit Card. You will receive a receipt at the end of the transaction. Thank you for your support.<|endoftext|>Amphioctopus marginatus, also known as the coconut octopus and veined octopus, is a medium-sized cephalopod belonging to the genus Amphioctopus. It is found in tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean. It commonly preys upon shrimp, crabs, and clams, and displays unusual behaviour, including bipedal walking and gathering and using coconut shells and seashells for shelter.
Size and description
The main body of the octopus is typically around 8 centimeters (3 in) in size, and, with arms, approximately 15 centimeters (6 in) long. The octopus displays a typical color pattern with dark ramified lines similar to veins, usually with a yellow siphon. The arms are usually dark in color, with contrasting white suckers. In many color displays, a lighter trapezoidal area can be seen immediately below the eye.
Behavior and habitat
The coconut octopus is found on sandy bottoms in bays or lagoons. It frequently buries itself in the sand with only its eyes uncovered.
In March 2005, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, published an article in Science in which A. marginatus was reported to have a bipedal behavior. It is one of only two octopus species known to display such behavior, the other species being Abdopus aculeatus. According to the article, this behavior was discovered in an area off Sulawesi, Indonesia, where the sandy bottom was littered with coconut shells. The bipedal motion appears to mimic a floating coconut.
Researchers from the Melbourne Museum in Australia claimed the creature uses tools for defense, and uses available debris to create a defensive fortress. This behavior, observed in Bali and North Sulawesi in Indonesia between 1998 and 2008, was published in the journal Current Biology in December 2009. The researchers filmed A. marginatus collecting coconut half-shells, discarded by humans, from the sea floor, carrying them up to 20 meters (66 ft), and arranging the shells to form a spherical hiding place akin to a clamshell.
- Sanders, Robert: Octopuses occasionally stroll around on two arms, UC Berkeley biologists report, University of California, Berkeley, March 24, 2005.
- Christine L. Huffard, Farnis Boneka, Robert J. Full: Underwater Bipedal Locomotion by Octopuses in Disguise, Science, March 25, 2005.
- Finn, Julian K.; Tregenza, Tom; Norman, Mark D. (2009), "Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus", Curr. Biol. 19 (23): R1069–R1070, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.052, PMID 20064403.
- Gelineau, Kristen (2009-12-15). "Aussie scientists find coconut-carrying octopus". The Associated Press. Retrieved 2009-12-15.[dead link]
- Harmon, Katherine (2009-12-14). "A tool-wielding octopus? This invertebrate builds armor from coconut halves". Scientific American.
- Henderson, Mark (2009-12-15). "Indonesia's veined octopus 'stilt walks' to collect coconut shells". Times Online.[dead link]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Octopus marginatus.|
- "CephBase: Amphioctopus marginatus". Archived from the original on 2005.
- Octopus uses coconuts - Video via EducatedEarth
- Octopus marginatus at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)<|endoftext|>I fantasmi sul Millennium Bridge.
Ma tutto questo blu da dove arriva.
Il blu forse nemmeno esiste. Più che un colore una illusione.
Il blu è il colore del cielo e del mare. In realtà il cielo non è blu.
E' solo un illusione o forse una convenzione.
Il mare nemmeno, è il riflesso del cielo.
Il blu è il colore della Madonna.
Il blu è il colore della malinconia.
Il colore dei nontiscordar di me, che davvero son poca cosa e poco fanno per farsi ricordare.
Un illusione insomma, più che un colore.
Ma a Londra dona il blu, come un vestito sobrio ma elegante.<|endoftext|>This book is divided into four parts, containing 15 chapters and two appendices.
Chapter 1: The JBoss Application Server
If you are using JBoss than you can simply skip Chapter 1. This chapter gets you up and running with JBoss by describing the directories and files that are part of JBoss AS, how to start and stop the server, and finally show how to deploy and undeploy a simple web application.
Chapter 2(Managing the JBoss Application Server) starts with a description of how JBoss application server is architected;the JBoss Microcontainer and JMX. Next, you will learn how each of these components are configured using its own configuration file, and how you can change these as well. Next, we get a closer look at a few of the management tools provided by JBoss like the JMX Console and twiddle. And finally, a look at some MBeans that provide helpful information,the MBeans that give the list of names in the JNDI namespace or a list of system properties.
Chapter 3(Deploying applications) is especially useful if you are encountering tons of deployment errors. This chapter starts with explaining how to deploy applications as well as services. Next, the most important section which you shouldn’t miss reading at all; understanding class loading. In this section, the authors start with a description of the class loaders, then go into class scoping, which enables the application server to differentiate among classes. Next in this section, a look at loader repositories which enable several class loaders to share or isolate classes. The next few sections cover common deployment errors like class not found exception, class cast exception and so on. The last section in this chapter is about configuring data sources and Hibernate archives.
If you are concerned about the security of your applications than Chapter 4(Securing applications) shows you everything you need to know about securing your applications. The authors discuss in detail the fundamental concepts behind application security, including authentication, authorization, and encryption and how they are implemented in JBoss AS. They also show you how to configure by demonstrating how you can access security data from a database, LDAP, or other security datastores.
Part 2: Application Services
If you are deploying web applications to JBoss than you must read Chapter 5(Configuring JBoss Web Server). It covers configuring web applications, JBoss web server, the key configuration files. Next, is configuring specific things in web applications like the URL paths, then the authors discussed JBoss Web Server connectors and how they’re used to allow client requests to come in over different protocols. In the next section the authors give us an overview of why web applications have different class loading rules and show us how to configure different web-specific class loading parameters. Next comes valves, another feature of JBoss Web Server, and finally the last section is all about configuring JavaServer Faces.
In chapter 4, the authors discussed about the fundamentals of JBoss security and showed you how to configure security domains and login modules. Chapter 6(Securing web applications) explores the configuration files necessary to enable security, how to enable authentication and authorization for URLs relative to your application’s context path. And finally see how to enable secure communication for server authentication, mutual authentication, and client-certificate authentication.
If you are a huge fan of EJB’s just like I am, than Chapter 7(Configuring enterprise applications) shows you how to structure, deploy, and configure EJB applications. Then, you will learn how to configure the application server, and finally also secure EJB applications.
In Chapter 8(JBoss Messaging), you’ll learn about configuring messaging. The chapter begins by describing JMS and how JBoss Messaging is architected. You will see an example of a message-driven EJB and a message-driven POJO. The authors show you how to use a database for message storage, how to define destinations, and how to configure authentication and authorization for those destinations.
If you are quite familiar with web services than you skip the first few sections of Chapter 9(Configuring Web Services) which introduces you to web services, shows you how to develop a simple web service. However, don’t skip the next few sections which are quite interesting and cover topics such as JBossWS annotations, securing your web services using authorization and encryption.
Part 3: JBoss Portal
I did evaluate JBoss Portal sometime in 2006. So, I am not an expert in this specific area so I just skimmed over Chapters 10 and 11. These chapters provide a very basic introduction to JBoss Portal. So, I am just going to quote the topics covered in these two chapters:
• Creating a portlet using JSPs and JSTL
• Using the Admin portlet and the descriptor files to define portlet instances and portlet windows
• Using multiple instances within a portal
• Adding content to the CMS
• Configuring window appearance
• Setting up access control for portals, pages, and windows
• Creating a custom portal
Part 4: Going to Production
All the chapters in this section are important and very interesting. These chapters cover everything you will need to know when your application goes to production.
Chapters 12 and 13 are dedicated to clustering. Chapter 12(Understanding Clustering) begins with the fundamentals of clustering; It was interesting to set up a simple cluster as explained in this chapter and learn how to configure JGroups and JBoss Cache. Chapter 13 covers clustering as applied to Java EE specific application components and services like session EJB’s and entities, HTTP session replication, and JNDI.
If you need to access and improve the performance of your application, than you need to read Chapter 14(Tunning the JBoss Application Server). In this chapters you will see ways to tune the hardware, operating system, database, JVM, application server, and of course your deployed application. There are also a few tips on how to interpret thread dumps to pinpoint performance issues within your code.
Chapter 15(Going to production) is the last chapter in this book which covers topics such as selecting a platform, running JBoss AS as a service, running multiple JBoss AS instances on the same machine. You will also learn how to remove services which are not required, secure the management applications, change the default data source, database, configuring the EJB3 timer service and precompile
|
8,547 | 1 | 3 |
刷，以保持场地的色彩和情节卫生。夏季炎热天气要喷洒凉水，以降低其表面温度。
3.场地铅球区、沙坑和周围的草地要经常洒水，以防尘土飞扬，影响场地清洁。下水道要经常清理，保持场内排水畅通。
以上就是武汉塑胶运动场分享的相关资讯。武汉泰立运动场地工程有限公司从事体育运动场馆的建设，羽毛球场专用地板、武汉硅PU篮球场、武汉篮球场施工、武汉塑胶球场维修、篮球场建设、网球场建设、羽毛球场建设、足球场建设等塑胶运动场一站式解决平台。提供包括场地咨询、预算、设计、基础施工、塑胶面层铺设及售后服务为一体的全方位服务。如果有需要请联系我们。<|endoftext|>Home-grown gourds can be dried, painted and used as decoration
Published 6:00 pm, Saturday, November 15, 2008
Ornamental gourds can be great fun to dry and are a wonderful addition to fall decorations.
While now is not the time to plant, it is the time to use dried gourds, but we will start at the ground level.
There are a very nice array of gourds that can be grown in the home landscape for drying and using. There are three main types of gourds - cucurbita, lagenaria and luffa, but the lagenaria is most useful for décor and utilitarian purposes. The lagenaria, or hard shells, are usually larger gourds, and the vines produce white blossoms that bloom at night. Lagenaria are green when growing on the vine, and have thick, hard shells when dry. Once dried, they're used for many types of craftwork. Some varieties of hardshells are dipper, bushel, bottle, birdhouse and maranka.
The lagenaria is a warm season annual, so you can plant the seed in the spring when the soil warms up. Plan ahead as to where to grow your gourds because the vines get quite large. You'll need a fence, trellis, arbor or similar item to grow the vine on. Full sun and well-drained soils are essential as well. Amend the soil with plenty of compost; some nitrogen may be helpful after plants are up and growing. Once the soil temperatures are quite warm, add a 4-inch layer of mulch to keep the soil moist, reduce weed growth and keep the soil temperatures below 80.
There are a few pests that attack gourds, but proper care will reduce their incidence. Full sun and good air circulation will keep down fungal diseases. Keep an eye open for insect pests and hand pick or treat as needed.
Most gourds need 100 to 180 days to mature. They can be left on the vine to dry and will tolerate light frost, but they should be harvested before hard freeze occurs. Harvest the gourds with a generous amount of stem attached. Choose fruit that is fully mature and injury-free. Fruit can be washed with a non-bleach detergent before they are stored for curing to cut down on decay. Gourds need to be stored out of direct sun, in dry conditions and with good air circulation. Gourds need a few to several months to dry and cure. It's an exercise in patience.
Once gourds are fully dried, they need to be cleaned. The first task is to wash off the mold that has formed on the outer skin. This comes off easier when the gourd has been soaked in water from one to several hours. Since gourds are buoyant, they will not stay down in water without weighting them down. A tall kitchen trash can filled with water will accommodate two or three medium-size gourds. A brick may be placed on top of them to keep them under the water level. Once the outer skin is softened, a scrubber and elbow grease will remove the skin and mold.
After washing, a hard shell is left behind that can be painted, chiseled or carved. If you like the natural beauty they can merely be waxed or stained with subtle pigments from leather dyes, wood dyes and other paints. These can be sealed or waxed after the color is added and cured. Birdhouse gourds can have holes added for creating a nice home for the various species of birds. A hole for entering and exiting is essential but holes for a wire to hang it and small holes in the bottom for water drainage is important, too. Wear a mask when cleaning out the gourds; the odor is unpleasant and shouldn't be inhaled.
Properly cured gourds can last years and years. They aren't just for the fall season, but they make a great display on the dining room table, fireplace mantel, front porch or mixed in with any number of other harvest beauties.
Oriental persimmons should be a mature size right now. Persimmons have large beautiful leaves that turn wonderful fall colors and then drop, leaving behind an attractive display of beautiful orange and orange-red fruit.
Oriental persimmon trees strike a unique pose in local landscapes with their decorated limbs. Fruit vary from 2 to 5 inches in diameter and can be left on the tree for several weeks, although once they are sweet and softened the birds will chow down. Freezing temperatures are what transforms the fruit from the astringent, mouth- puckering flavor to the sweet, complex flavors we enjoy eating.
Oriental persimmon trees can be planted right now if you can find the plants. If not, you may want to look for bareroot specimens as soon as they are available. Bareroot plants can be planted in late December through early February. In late winter you may be able to find containerized specimens in local garden centers.
Plant this EarthKind fruit in full sun and in well-drained soils. They are easy to grow but do need regular water to grow and produce well. They bloom late, so it's rare to ever lose the fruit due to a late spring freeze. Pollination is not necessary for fruit to develop, so another variety isn't essential for fruit production. Good water and plenty of mulch will help reduce fruit drop.
Oriental persimmon is considered a pest-free fruit. Insects and disease are rarely a factor and pesticides are rarely needed.
Look for some of these varieties for your home garden: Eureka,Hachiya, Tane-nashi and Tamopan, which all have astringent fruit. The fruit either needs to go in the freezer to banish the astringency or exposed to a few freezes. Fuyu (Fuyugaki) has non-astringent fruit but it is also more susceptible to cold. The top of the tree may sustain freeze injury during some winters in our area.
For more information concerning gourds and fruit for the area, contact Texas AgriLife Extension Service at 498-4071 or visit the Permian Basin Master Gardener Web site at westtexasgardening.org.<|endoftext|>Se i risultati ancora non ufficiali saranno confermati, Donald Trump sarà destinato a perdere due elezioni su tre nel Super Tuesday, che rappresenta per lui un primo test in vista del voto per la Casa Bianca, sullo sfondo della questione impeachment.
In Kentucky il candidato dem ha rivendicato il successo, anche se il suo avversario non ha ancora concesso la vittoria. I dem esultano in Virginia dove tornano a conquistare tutto il parlamento dopo 20 anni. E' repubblicano, invece, il voto in Mississippi, dove a trionfare è stato Tate Reeves che ha già ricevuto gli auguri di Trump via Twitter.<|endoftext|>MDD SERTİFİKALARININ GEÇİŞ HÜKÜMLERİ
- MDD'nin ilgili hükümlerine ve ayrıca piyasaya arz sonrası gözetim, piyasa gözetimi, teyakkuz, müteşebbislerin ve cihazların kaydı için MDR gerekliliklerine uygunluğun sürdürülmesi,
- Cihazların tasarımında ve kullanım amacında önemli bir değişiklik olmaması,
- Cihazların, hastaların, kullanıcıların veya diğer kişilerin sağlığı veya güvenliği veya halk sağlığının korunmasına ilişkin diğer hususlar açısından kabul edilemez bir risk oluşturmaması,
- En geç 26 Mayıs 2024 tarihine kadar “MDD sertifikası kapsamındaki bir cihaz veya bu cihazın yerini alması amaçlanan bir cihaz ile ilgili olarak” MDR Madde 10(9) gerekliliklerine uygun bir Kalite Yönetim Sisteminin uygulanması ve sürdürülmesi,
- MDR kapsamında belirlenmiş bir onaylanmış kuruluşa en geç 26 Mayıs 2024 tarihine kadar uygunluk değerlendirmesi için resmi başvuruda bulunmuş ve bu onaylanmış kuruluşla en geç 26 Eylül 2024 tarihine kadar yazılı bir sözleşme imzalamış olmak.
Geri çekilen MDD sertifikaları kapsamındaki cihazların yeni geçiş hükümlerinden yararlanamayacağı belirtilmelidir. Ayrıca, MDR'nin geçiş hükümlerinden yararlanmak için resmi başvuruda bulunulması ve MDR uygunluk değerlendirme prosedürleri için onaylanmış kuruluşla sözleşme imzalanması da ana kriterlerdir.
AYS-FRM-038- 2017:745:EU MDRNİN GENİŞLETİLMİŞ GEÇİCİ HÜKÜMLERİNDEN ETKİLENEN ESKİ CİHAZLAR HAKKINDA BİLGİ FORMU<|endoftext|>The Value of an API in Healthcare
A growing number of healthcare providers and many other companies in the healthcare industry are finding uses for web and mobile apps: to deliver vital information to patients; to work more intelligently with partner providers, patient support services, insurance companies, and government agencies; and to use their data resources in new ways. Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) allow healthcare companies to do all these things — while inspiring innovative developers to create new healthcare applications, improve existing services, and work more efficiently.
Healthcare APIs that power patient-facing applications create new ways for providers to engage and connect with those patients through web, mobile, and social apps. And by developing internal APIs, healthcare companies can offer their employees and partners new tools that streamline operations and give patients a higher quality of care. In this dynamic field — where fast access to information is critical, and where decisions and challenges are truly matters of life-or-death importance — successful API strategies are a must.
How Can APIs Help Healthcare Companies?
Connecting with Physicians and Patients
Whether you’re a health information company that wants to enable web and mobile access to diagnostic tools, a research institution searching for new ways to connect with physicians and patients, or a hospital or healthcare practice that wants to provide faster, more up-to-date patient information, APIs can make it easier for you to interact with your target audience.
Through the health apps and services they enable, APIs can help patients collect and report health data — for instance, a person with diabetes could record blood-sugar levels — so doctors have more information when making diagnoses. APIs can also facilitate the recording and management of physician-reported data, and they can enable analysis of a healthcare environment to help decision-makers improve efficiency and cut overhead costs.
As an example, take the hypothetical case of a medium-size private hospital. Over the years, it has maintained exhaustive records about patients’ health, as well as about its own operations. An API could allow patients to easily and securely (with HIPAA compliance) access their own healthcare records and even make necessary updates. Developers could create apps that allowed patients with chronic conditions (such as type 2 diabetes) to monitor their health and receive important reminders about medications, doctor visits, and even new clinical trials. They could also create apps that, for instance, helped patients better understand and comply with aftercare instructions following a hospital stay. Additional APIs can allow the hospital to share resources from government bodies and health-information companies with patients in a personal, meaningful way — deepening those patients’ trust and satisfaction while helping them better manage their health.
Streamlining Healthcare Operations
This hospital could also develop private APIs for use by its employees — for instance, to better predict staff requirements, thus reducing overtime costs and better serving patients. An API that facilitated record sharing with other hospitals and medical offices in the surrounding area could lessen the possibility of errors and allow hospital staff to focus on patient care, rather than paperwork. With the right tools, doctors and nurses could more easily access government and research data that might help them make smarter diagnoses. Another API could interact with major insurance providers to prevent billing errors (and reduce patient exasperation).
When It Comes to APIs, What Challenges Do Healthcare Companies Face?
Healthcare environments deploy an ever more complicated mix of technologies, systems, applications, and processes to serve patients and physicians and to solve organizational challenges. And these legacy systems become ever more inefficient as they age — in part because they are often not interoperable with newer technologies. A healthcare company that depends on such legacy systems has to make them work together in order to support APIs. Integrating these systems is the first step.
Another challenge when developing APIs for a healthcare environment is a lack of access to effective tools for designing, testing, and monitoring those APIs and a vibrant developer community that can provide feedback and insights into an API’s features and design. These are critical factors in the development of well-crafted, engaging APIs that will be widely adopted.
Simplify API Integration, Design, and Development
MuleSoft’s Anypoint Platform™ offers healthcare providers and other healthcare companies easy-to-implement solutions for API integration and development. It’s one platform that any organization — in any industry — can use to design, build, secure, monitor, and manage APIs.
Anypoint Platform makes it easy for healthcare companies and patient support providers to incorporate seamless integration and interoperability throughout an ecosystem. The platform offers a number of valuable components — such as CloudHub and Mule Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) — that make it easy to share information across applications, services, and systems — on-premises and in the cloud. These solutions enable connectivity that allows organizations to unlock their systems and data, so they can create powerful, cutting-edge APIs.
Anypoint™ Connectors enable instant API connectivity to some of the most popular healthcare applications and services while supporting healthcare information standards such as HL7 and MLLP. For example, with a library of pre-built workflow integration solutions, a healthcare company can rapidly connect and integrate accounting, billing, marketing, and other workflow applications and systems. Unlike other integration options, Anypoint Connectors are built and managed on MuleSoft’s enterprise integration platform, so companies can deploy integrations rapidly, either on-premises or in the cloud.
In addition, Anypoint Platform for APIs delivers necessary tools for designing and building APIs that developers will want to use — and to ensure that those APIs perform and scale to meet enterprise requirements. Anypoint Platform for APIs offers tools to support you at every step in the development and implementation of APIs.
- Consult with app developers to design great APIs. Anypoint Platform for APIs facilitates close collaboration between API and app developers throughout the API lifecycle. And by leveraging RAML tooling, the platform offers an onramp for API developers to design RESTful APIs quickly, using expressive, intuitive language. As soon as an API developer designs an API, application developers can interact with it, test it, provide feedback, and document potential use cases — all in a single design environment. This close collaboration ensures that the API will inspire app developers, which in turn ensures widespread adoption.
- APIs from concept to reality — fast. Getting your API up and running requires more than great design. By leveraging MuleSoft’s proven, trusted runtime, Anypoint Platform for APIs allows you to rapidly build the API once it’s designed — and to ensure that it performs well, scales to support your growing community of app developers, and remains secure and protected against unauthorized access.
- API management and monitoring made easy. Anypoint Platform for APIs provides all the tools you need to monitor and manage APIs and the application developers who use them. Create contracts with API consumers to control access, establish SLAs, or throttle calls to API endpoints. Choose from pre-packaged policy templates, or create your own to manage compliance, security, and quality of service. And dashboard analytics make it easy to monitor usage, compliance with SLAs, and overall API performance.
- Encourage engagement with your API. Anypoint Platform for APIs takes the guesswork out of engaging the developer community with your API. Create and publish interactive docs and code samples, so developers can get started with your API in minutes. Allow app developers to document use cases for the API as they’re discovered. And because they’re designed in RAML, your APIs will be concise and easy to understand.
MuleSoft’s integration solutions make it easy for healthcare providers and healthcare-focused companies to design, develop, implement, monitor, and manage successful APIs. Anypoint Platform gives healthcare providers a powerful way to leverage the useful patient and research data that’s already being stored in their internal systems. Anypoint Platform for APIs opens up access to a creative developer community and provides streamlined tools so an organization’s departments can improve operations and work more efficiently.
Learn how MuleSoft’s Anypoint Platform can help hospitals, healthcare systems, insurers, and life sciences companies drive innovation in healthcare.Contact us<|endoftext|>扫一扫
野生有益植物是托木斯克州的独特品牌，每年采摘上万吨蘑菇和浆果，从中生产3.5-4万吨美味。该州副州长克诺尔（Andrey Knorr）说，该地区用野生有益植物出产700种食品。目前托木斯克州企业占俄野生有益植物市场份额的10%，总营收达150亿卢布。其实这并不奇怪，因为这里有占整个西伯利亚三分之二储量的蔓越莓，近一半的森林蘑菇，六分之一的针叶林蓝莓。外国人早就看上了托木斯克的野生有益植物，并为此投了很多钱。干白桦茸在亚洲市场需求旺盛，芬兰则成吨地在西伯利亚采购沙棘核。
但原始森林最主要的财富是雪松。早在两个世纪前托木斯克就是俄罗斯核桃和松果的主要销售地。如今在这一市场地位仍举足轻重，当地企业每年加工七千多吨松子。目前有数十家企业从民众手里采办野生有益植物。这是一桩利润丰厚的生意。据该地区北部居民介绍，一袋松果可以卖2000卢布，一个四人小组每天平均可以采集20-30袋。收获季一些托木斯克居民可以赚上百万卢布。不过也有限制。根据规定，每位居民收获季每天最多只能采摘一种野生有益植物100公斤。采得多采摘人可能涉嫌非法营业活动。因此，从事采摘自然资源后转手出售的托木斯克居民开始大规模注册自由职业。
阿尔泰地区也以野生有益植物丰富著称，当地共有30家公司和企业从事自然资源采集和加工。此外，当地居民也采集蘑菇、浆果和药草出售给采购商。阿尔泰地区野生有益植物备受国外推崇，仅去年该地区就出口300吨松子，出口到海外的野生有益植物总值超过1000万美元。阿尔
|
8,547 | 2 | 0 |
who keep their eyes on the Atlantic Ocean during hurricane season will be on the lookout for storms like Dorian, Gabrielle and Nestor.
The Atlantic hurricane season starts June 1. Several weather agencies are calling for at least 13 to 15 named storms to emerge during the season, which goes through Nov. 30.
The potential names for Atlantic hurricanes in 2013 are as follows:
In case there are more than 21 named storms in 2013, six Greek letters will serve as names of storms:
Would you like to contribute to this story? Join the discussion.<|endoftext|>
9月11日美国发生恐怖袭击后，布什总统宣布14日（星期五）为“全国哀悼日”，全美国人民为遇难者举行祈祷和悼念活动。
|民众冒雨排队参加悼念仪式|
14日上午，华盛顿阴雨绵绵。布什在华盛顿国家大教堂举行祈祷会，副总统切尼、国会领导人和大部分内阁成员出席，众多社会名流和民众冒雨参加。布什在会上说，发生在世贸中心和五角大楼的恐怖袭击，无情地夺去大批无辜生命，美国人都应该为治愈创伤而祈祷，为互相鼓励、加强信念而祈祷。
布什在华盛顿参加全国祈祷仪式后，前往纽约视察世贸中心废墟，并探望救援人员和自愿人员。布什说，有人已经向美国宣战，打击恐怖主义现在是美国政府的中心工作。美国国会即将就一项用于打击恐怖主义和资助重建工作的400亿美元开支议案的最后细节达成一致意见。
美国有关部门在首都华盛顿采取了新的安全措施。军车在华盛顿街头巡逻，战斗机和直升机不时在上空飞过。特工处扩大了白宫周围的警戒区，进一步限制周围的行人和车辆交通。副总统切尼暂时从白宫办公室转移到位于马里兰州的总统度假地戴维营。有关官员说这是预防性措施，目的是为了避免他和布什总统位于同一个地方。所有纪念场馆在13日短暂开放之后又重新关闭。华盛顿的里根国家机场仍然无限期关闭。
今天上午，记者去银行办事，去的时候还算顺利，但回来的路上却遇到交通管制。原来是布什等政要前往国家大教堂出席悼念仪式。短短的路程竟走了半个多小时，最终还是绕路而行。这已经是9·11事件以来记者第四次几乎回不了家的经历。在路上等待当中，看到一些从不挂国旗的公交汽车，在车头两端都插了国旗。街道两旁住户门口悬挂的国旗，也比平时要多得多。
9月14日，世界上许多国家也举行悼念活动。巴黎时间中午12点整，从法国的大西洋岸到俄罗斯的乌拉尔山脉，包括欧盟15国、中欧和东欧申请加入北约的13个申请国在内的几乎所有欧洲国家，都向美国遭到恐怖袭击死难者默哀3分钟；欧洲各国首都的公共建筑以及位于斯特拉斯堡的欧洲议会大厦均下半旗致哀。从北欧的冰岛，到与中亚接壤的俄罗斯边疆，全欧洲28个国家近8亿公民，从小学生到政府工作人员，从街边店铺的小商贩到金融区的金融机构人员，都在这一时刻停下手里的工作，响应欧盟的倡议，向9月11日美国遭到恐怖袭击的死难者默哀3分钟，向美国人民表示哀悼和支持。
在伦敦，英女王将会与王夫爱丁堡公爵及威尔士亲王前往圣保罗大教堂，与首相布莱尔及美国大使参加纪念仪式。加拿大也宣布14日为国家悼念日。爱尔兰宣布这一天为假期，全国商业、学校等活动停顿，国家办事机构关闭。韩国也宣布14日为全国哀悼日，这是韩国第一次为其他国家这样做。<|endoftext|>معاون رفاه اجتماعی وزیر تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی گفت: مشکلات تعاونی های مسکن با همکاری های بین دستگاهی قابل حل است.
معاون رفاه اجتماعی وزیر تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی، برخی قوانین و مقررات مرتبط با تعاونی ها را نیازمند تغییر و اصلاح دانست و اضافه کرد: به عنوان نمونه در تعاونی های مسکن که قرار است چندصد واحد در آنها ساخته شود، شرط بازرسی تنها سواد خواندن و نوشتن تعیین شده که این صحیح نیست. این مقام مسوول با بیان اینکه نظارت بر ساخت و کیفیت واحدهای مسکونی مربوط به تعاونی ها بر عهده وزارتخانه تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی نیست، اضافه کرد: باید قانون نظام مندی را وارد این حوزه کنیم تا با نظارت جدی و مناسب بر ساخت و سازها و کیفی سازی مشکلات تعاونی های مسکن حل شود و تخلف های مربوط به این بخش کاهش یابد. وی با بیان اینکه وجود مشکلات پیرامون تعاونی های مسکن اعتماد مردم را به این دسته تعاونی ها کاهش می دهد، افزود: در برخی تعاونی های مسکن به دلیل تخلف و یا اختلاف بین اعضاء شاهد افزایش هزینه های ساخت هستیم به گونه ای که واحدهای مشابه غیرتعاونی با قیمت کمتری به مرحله تکمیل و تحویل می رسند. معاون رفاه اجتماعی وزیر تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی اضافه کرد: اگر شهروندان را توجیه کنیم تا در نشست های مجمع و انتخابات مربوط به تعاونی های مسکن حضور پیدا کنند از حجم انحراف ها و تخلف های این حوزه کم می شود. میدری با بیان اینکه مدیران دولت باید به تعاونی ها اعتماد کنند و برای حل مشکلات آنها به طور جدی تلاش کنند، اظهار کرد: تخلف های تعاونی مسکن به هر میزان کم که نیز وجود داشته باشد زیاد است چرا که باعثبی اعتمادی مردم به نهاد تعاون می شود. این مقام مسوول در ادامه با بیان اینکه تعاونی های مسکن فرصت مناسبی برای خانه دار شدن مردم هستند اما به دلیل بی توجهی به ایجاد زیرساخت های عمومی و رفاهی در برخی واحدهای مسکن مهر و تعاونی های مسکن آنها از فرصت به تهدید تبدیل شده اند. در این نشست مسائل و مشکلات تعاونی های مسکن استان قزوین تشریح شد. در استان قزوین ۳۰۰ تعاونی در بخش مسکن به ثبت رسیده است که از این تعداد ۹۲ تعاونی فعال بوده و در مرحله ساخت و تحویل هستند.<|endoftext|>Influenza virus initiates infection by attaching to the cell surface, a process mediated by binding of the viral hemagglutinin protein (HA) to sialic acid. This sugar is found on glycoproteins, which are polypeptide chains decorated with chains of sugars. The way that sialic acid is linked to the next sugar molecule determines what kind of influenza viruses will bind. Human influenza viruses prefer to attach to sialic acids linked to the second sugar molecule via alpha-2,6 linkages, while avian influenza viruses prefer to bind to alpha-2,3 linked sialic acids. (In the image, influenza HA is shown in blue on the virion (left) and as a single polypeptide at right. Alpha-2,3 linked sialic acid is shown at top).
Adaptation of avian influenza viruses to efficiently infect humans requires that the viral HA quantitatively switches to human receptor binding – defined as high relative binding affinity to human versus avian receptors. Such a switch is caused by amino acid changes in the receptor binding site of the HA protein. The HA of the H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 pandemic viruses are all derived from avian influenza viruses that underwent such a quantitative switch in binding from avian to human sialic acid receptors.
Avian H5N1 influenza viruses have not undergone a quantitative switch to human receptor binding, which is one of the reasons why these viruses do not undergo sustained human-to-human transmission. It has been possible to introduce specific amino acid changes in the H5 HA protein that enable these viruses to recognize human sialic acid receptors. Such changes were required to select variants of influenza H5N1 virus that transmit via aerosol among ferrets. However none of these viruses have quantitatively switched to human receptor specificity.
In the H5N1 paper, the authors compared the structure of an H5 HA bound to alpha-2,3 linked sialic acid with the structure of an H2 HA (its closest phylogenetic neighbor) bound to alpha-2,6 linked sialic acid, revealing substantial differences in the receptor binding site. To predict what residues could be changed in the H5 HA to overcome these differences, the authors developed a metric to identify amino acids within the receptor binding site that either contact the receptor or might influence the interaction. They examined these amino acids in different H5 HAs, and identified residues which might change the H5 HA to human receptor specificity. As a starting point they picked two H5 viruses that have already undergone amino acid changes believed to be important for human receptor binding. The changes were introduced into the HA of a currently circulating H5 HA by mutagenesis and then binding of the HAs to purified sialic acids and human tracheal and alveolar tissues was determined.
The HA receptor binding site amino acid changes required for aerosol transmission of H5N1 viruses in ferrets did not quantitatively switch receptor binding of a currently circulating H5 HA from avian to human (the ferret studies were done using H5N1 viruses that circulated in 2004/05). The authors note that “These residues alone cannot be used as reference points to analyze the switch in receptor specificity of currently circulating and evolving H5N1 strains”.
However introducing other amino acid changes which the authors predicted would be important did switch the H5 HA completely to human receptor binding. Only one or two amino acids changes are required for this switch in recently circulating H5 HAs.
This work is important because it defines structural features in the receptor binding site of H5 HA that are critical for quantitative switching from avian to human receptor binding, a necessary step in the acquisition of human to human transmissibility. These specific residues can be monitored in circulating H5N1 strains as indicators of a quantitative switch to human receptor specificity.
Remember that switching of H5 HA to human receptor specificity is not sufficient to gain human to human transmissibility; what other changes are needed, in which genes and how many, is anyone’s guess.
These authors have also published (in the same issue of Cell) a similar analysis of the recent avian influenza H7N9 virus which has emerged in China to infect humans for the first time. They model the binding of sialic acid in the H7 HA receptor binding site, and predict that the HA would have lower binding to human receptors compared with human-adapted H3 HAs (its closest phylogenetic neighbor). This prediction was validated by studies of the binding of the H7N9 virus to sections of human trachea: they find that staining of these tissues is less intense and extensive than of viruses with human-adapted HAs. They predict and demonstrate that a single amino acid change in the H7 HA (G228S) increases binding to human sialic acid receptors. This virus stains tracheal sections better than the H7 parental virus.
These results mean that the H7N9 virus circulating in China might be one amino acid change away from acquiring higher binding to human alpha-2,6 sialic acid receptors. I wonder why a virus with this mutation has not yet been isolated. Perhaps the one amino acid change in the viral HA exerts a fitness cost that prevents it from infecting birds or humans. Of course, as discussed above, a switch in receptor specificity is likely not sufficient for human to human transmission; changes in other genes are certainly needed. In other words, the failure of influenza H7N9 virus to transmit among humans can be partly, but not completely, explained by its binding properties to human receptors.<|endoftext|>Gli indicatori semplici. Costituiscono un ponte tra ciò che è osservabile e misurabile e i concetti di cui si vuole fornire una misura. Assumono significato quando vengono inseriti in uno specifico quadro concettuale. Possono essere idonei a misurare uno o più concetti.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Costituiscono un ponte tra ciò che è osservabile e misurabile e i concetti di cui si vuole fornire una misura.
Assumono significato quando vengono inseriti in uno specifico quadro concettuale.
Possono essere idonei a misurare uno o più concetti.
Come effettuare una valutazione sintetica della qualità percepita dagli studenti?
Individuazione per ogni item della moda e della mediana
In alternativa si può calcolare
l’indice di valutazione positiva = % giudizi positivi
freq(Più SI che NO + Decisamente SI)
(ampiezza del collettivo)
I.V.P.=
x 100
x 100=18,0
x 100=5,2
x 100=43,9
x 100=7,3
Al fine di poter applicare gli indici di sintesi definiti per le variabili quantitative, si effettua una trasformazione delle modalità di risposte in numeri
Decisamente NO : 1
Più NO che SI : 2
Più SI che NO : 3
Decisamente : 4
Un’attribuzione errata dei valori alle modalità influenza erroneamente i risultati dell’indagine. La trasformazione è utile quando si vogliono combinare più indicatori semplici tra loro.
Esempio:
Decisamente NO : 2
Più NO che SI : 5
Più SI che NO : 7
Decisamente : 10
L’opportunità di sintetizzare più indicatori semplici in un indicatore composto dipende dall’obiettivo dell’analisi.
La sintesi è opportuna per scopi descrittivi e comparativi, sia nello spazio che nel tempo, non per il monitoraggio o la programmazione degli interventi.
La validità dell’indicatore composto dipende da come sono stati trasformati, ponderati e/o aggregati gli indicatori semplici. Questi devono essere tra loro omogenei
Supponiamo che in un’indagine sia stato chiesto agli studenti di dichiarare se sono d’accordo (1) oppure no (0) su alcuni item (scala nominale). I risultati sono riportati in tabella
Nell’esempio ad ogni item è stata attribuita la stessa importanza.
Supponendo che gli item abbiano tutti la stessa importanza, possiamo scegliere la mediana come indicatore composto: “più NO che SI”
Se si dispone di misure su scala metrica la costruzione di un indicatore composto avviene in 3 fasi:
Passo 1: trasformazione degli indicatori semplici per renderli confrontabili in termini di direzione, unità di misura e ordine di grandezza;
Passo 2: ponderazione degli indicatori semplici
Passo 3:aggregazione degli indicatori semplici attraverso la somma o la media
Esempio: Valutazione della qualità del servizio della segreteria studenti.
I1 : I giorni in cui la Segreteria riceve sono ben distribuiti nella settimana rispetto ai miei bisogni;
I2 : I tempi di attesa agli sportelli sono accettabili;
I3 : La Segreteria registra gli esami in tempi accettabili;
I4 : Il personale agli sportelli dà sempre risposte corrette;
I5 : I locali adibiti al servizio di segreteria sono confortevoli;
I6 : Il personale agli sportelli si rivolge al pubblico con cortesia;
I7 : Il tempo che impiego a parlare con l’impiegato è troppo lungo
I primi 5 item sono stati misurati con scala ordinale a 4 categorie (Decisamente NO … Decisamente SI), gli ultimi due sono stati misurati con scala ordinale a 3 categorie (“per niente”, “in parte”, “completamente”).
Per tutti gli item si effettua la seguente trasformazione della media
Per i primi 5 item
Per il 6^ e 7^ item
N.B. A seguito di questa trasformazione ogni media varia tra 0 e 10
Ipotizziamo di attribuire ad ogni item la stessa importanza
3^ passo: Aggregazione
Utilizziamo come funzione di aggregazione la somma algebrica
X può variare tra 0 e 60, pertanto 16,2 è da ritenere un livello di soddisfazione piuttosto basso.
Per avere un indicatore il cui campo di variazione vari tra 0 e 100, possiamo effettuare la seguente trasformazione:
E’ quindi possibile affermare che gli studenti sono soddisfatti del servizio nella misura del 37,4%!!!
Nell’esempio preso in esame è possibile raggruppare gli item per tipologia di area di riferimento
I1 e I5
I4 e I6
Peso 1
I2,I3 e I7
Peso 1/2
Peso 1/3
N.B. la somma dei pesi di ogni gruppo di item è pari ad 1!<|endoftext|>In particolare, il numero di Amazing Stories dell'Ottobre del 1938 fu scelto dalla Westinghouse (assieme a qualche altra rivista di SciFi), per essere convertito in Microfilm e poi stoccato dentro la Time Capsule, per mostrare agli umani del futuro, come nel 1939 s'immaginavano le cose a venire.
Il siluro in metallo, con elementi di rinforzo in rame, fu progettato dalla Westinghouse per contenere internamente una cripta di pyrex dentro cui stoccare e proteggere vari artefatti (libri, giocattoli, giornali, un visore di pellicole ecc...) da conservare per 5000 anni!!.
La Time Capsule fu pubblicamente sepolta nella notte del 23 settembre del 1938 presso la sede della Westinghuse, in una grande cerimonia, con lo scopo preciso di spedire 500
|
8,547 | 2 | 1 |
free waste oil container for every oil generator – restaurant, café, lube shop, garage and the like) and a collection service that will bring all oil back to an RCR STAG plant for safe processing and reuse.
Used motor oils can be re-refined to make new lube oils. Re-refining is an efficient and sophisticated process which removes contaminants and impurities producing premium grade base oils. One gallon of used motor oil will yield about 0.7 gallons of re-refined oil. Lubricating oils can be re-used indefinitely in an endless cycle from refinery to engine to refinery again.
Motor oils never wear out; it only gets dirty, and can be re-refined into new lubricating oil in an endless loop.
The Chicken and the Egg
A number of years ago oil companies using re-refined oil in their blends were required to print this fact in big red letters on their containers. Many consumers interpreted this labelling as a visual stop sign to the purchase of those oils. They did not want to buy “dirty” used oil. Oil companies are no longer required to report to the consumer the use of re-refined base oils and, in fact, some companies currently do put re-refined oils into their products without any indication on the label.
Ideally, all used motor oil should be re-refined and put back into the system by all oil companies without fanfare. Two barriers to this are the cost of certification for new blends of oils and public perceptions about the quality of re-refined oils. Oil companies cannot easily add re-refined oil to their blends because it costs a large amount of money to get an API test and certification (quarter of a million for consumer blends, half a million for heavy duty blends.) Many oil companies are reluctant to
use and promote re-refined oils because the general public has misconceptions about the quality of these products. Once the public understands that API certified re-refined oils meet the same high quality standards as oils from crude, they will be more receptive to re-refined oils, and oil companies will be more likely to market re-refined products.
A look at the Oil Re-refining Efficiencies
The re-refining of used motor oil is a very efficient process. 1.41 gallons of wet used motor oil will yield 1 gallon of re-refined motor oil.
Comparing this to crude oil, it takes 84 gallons of crude to yield 1 gallon of motor oil.
But you can not simply compare those ratios and conclude that refining from crude is immensely inefficient. Crude oil refining yields large amounts of fuels. Below is a comparison of refining from used motor oil and refining from crude.
Re-refining one unit of used motor oil will yield:
- 71% lube oil
- 5% fuels
- 14% asphalt
- 10% water
Refining one unit of crude oil will yield:
- 84% fuels (46% gasoline, 38% other fuels)
- 9% gases
- 4% coke
- 3% asphalt and road oil
- 3% petrochemical feed-stocks
- 1% lubricating oil
(Exact percentages can vary.)
The total volume of products made is greater than 100% due to “processing gain”
Why use Re-refined Oil?
Lubricating oil is a premium substance which can be re-refined and reused time and again. Re-refined oils carrying the API logo meet the same high quality standards as lube oils made from crude. In addition, re-refined oils are comparable in price to virgin oils.
When you buy re-refined motor oil you will be helping to create a market for the product and will be driving the recycling process. Most of the used motor oil taken to motor oil collection centres is not truly recycled. Out of all the used motor oil collec ted 55 % is burned as a cheap source of fuel, releasing toxins into the atmosphere. 35% is either dumped, sent to landfills, incinerated, used to oil roads or used in industrial processes. 10% is re-refined (recycled) to make new high quality motor oils.
Some Useful Statistics for the USA
- 2.7 billion gallons (b.g.) of oil are sold annually in the United States
- 50% of this 2.7 b.g. is consumed (i.e. burned or leaked from the engine)
- The other 50%, or about 1.1 b.g., becomes used oil
- 31% of this used oil, or about 500 million gallons, never reaches a recycling program
- DIYers drain about 180 million gallons of used oil from their cars, but less than 20 million gallons of this DIY-generated used oil is recycled.
- over 450 million oil filters are purchased annually in the U.S.
- about 15 million oil filters were recycled
- recycling 1 ton of drained oil filters produces 770 kilograms of steel and recovers about 250 litres of used oil
- in the U. S., 42-60 % of drivers are do-it-yourself oil changers.
- Each year, about 75% of the 14 billion gallons of recoverable used motor oil generated by do-it-yourselfers (DIYs) is disposed of improperly
- Americans throw away enough used motor oil every year to fill 120 supertankers
- One gallon of used oil provides the same 2.5 quarts of high quality lubricating oil as 42 gallons of crude oil.
Common Disposal Methods For Used Oil Among DIYers
- 40 % pour it on the ground
- 21 % dump it into their trash
- 21 % use it for machinery or other miscellaneous activities
- 14 % take it to recycling centers
- 4 % use it as fuel for burning
Environmental and Health Issues
Compared to crude oil refining to produce virgin lubricating oil, producing lubricating oil from used motor oil requires less energy, and conserves valuable crude oil, a non-renewable resource. Many California state and local agencies, the Federal government, and private companies already use re-refined oil in their vehicle fleets.
Re-refined motor oil conserves the crude oil supply by re-using the motor oil rather than having to extract additional crude oil from diminishing domestic supplies or importing additional crude oil from foreign countries. For every 1.4 gallons of used oil recycled 1 gallon of re-refined motor oil can be produced. Buying re-refined motor oil reduces dependence on foreign oil.
Conserving non-renewable oil supplies is not the only benefit. By buying re-refined motor oil, less used motor oil will be used as fuel, resulting in cleaner air (currently, more than half of all used motor oil is recycled into fuel oil cutter stock, where it is blended with off-specification or heavy crude based materials and burned as fuel, resulting in air pollution from phosphates, sulphur, and heavy metals).
Oil, in any form, is potentially harmful to the environment. Post-studies of oil spills indicate that it takes up to twenty years for an aquatic environment to return to a healthy condition. Once it has been used by industry or the DIYer, it has even more potential for environmental damage.
In an aquatic community, oil residue tends to settle on the bottom, coating the substrate and whatever organisms live there. When poured on the ground, oil can rapidly migrate through the soil. In both instances bacteria, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates experience physiological stress.
To put the environmental impact of misplaced oil into perspective, consider the following:
- One pint of oil can produce an oil slick that will cover one acre (approximately the area of a football field)
- One part of oil per million parts of water (about equivalent to one drop of oil in a filled bathtub can produce tastes and odors noticeable to humans
- 35 part per million (ppm) can cause a visible oil slick on water and can damage aquatic organisms
- 50 ppm can foul water treatment plants and cause equipment damage
- Oil in landfills can leach into ground water, carrying contaminants and affecting the odor and taste of the water<|endoftext|>These are the Steps to follow in the Scarification Process. Stratification is when your bonsai tree seed needs to feel like it is sitting in winter in order to start growing the spring.
You will then have to choose a healthy seedling to start designing your oak bonsai.
Growing a bonsai tree from seed. The art of Bonsai originated in China and. Although they grow. 10 rows It is good to know that you can actually grow bonsai trees from seeds.
You can plant it in a container or in the ground. It can be a very rewarding process that allows you to grow a plant as a Bonsai tree from the very beginning although it does demand a great amount of patience. Soak the seed in water to also soften the shell similar to scarification but only for.
The Japanese term Misho refers to the practice of growing Bonsai from tree seeds. You can begin shaping and pruning much earlier in the trees life. Maple black pine scots pine beech and larch are some of the easiest trees to grow from seed and make great beginner bonsai trees.
The bonsai tree seed is planted in suitable soil for a specific species. When you buy an already grown bonsai the tree will already have a shape. Growing an oak bonsai from seed can be rather tricky.
Growing a Bonsai From a Seed Known as Misho in Japanese growing a bonsai from a seed is an extremely rewarding venture. It is however one that takes great patience. When growing bonsai from seed sow more seeds than you think youll need so you can cull out plants with poor characteristics.
This will take quite a while making it impractical in many cases. Growing bonsai from seed allows you to be involved in every aspect of your trees development so you have the satisfaction of knowing that the work of art is completely your creation. You should keep the soil moist to allow the seed to grow.
You will need to plant several seeds and wait patiently for the seedling to emerge. When you grow from seed you can have that. But in fact Bonsai is not a type of tree at allthe word Bonsai refers to the art form and horticulture method of growing miniature landscapes.
Grow trees from seeds as a Bonsai cultivation technique. The owner will shape the tree and let it grow as much or as little as she wants. This is a 2 year progression story of my bonsai tree grown from seed.
The tree species is called White Lead Tree Su-babul and its wiki link is given below. Because the genetic variation between seedlings varies from species to species its safer to start with larger numbers upfront that you can reduce over time. Choosing to grow your bonsai tree from seed can be a positive experience for a number of reasons.
Remember bonsais are almost like pieces of art. You should plant the bonsai tree seed half-inch down in the soil. However if you are a novice you must stay away from species such as white Pine needle juniper hornbeam as these are very difficult to germinate.
11 rows But when the bonsai seedlings successfully come out from their seeds and grow real leaves. It takes a minimum of three years before seedlings mature enough to start shaping but its advantageous as you have full control over your Bonsai tree.<|endoftext|>Krep
Krep
malzemeler :
1 ½ su bardağı un
2 su bardağı süt
2-3 yumurta
1 tatlı kaşığı tuz
¼ çay kaşığı kabartma tozu
1 su bardağı sıvı yağ (yemek için)
HAZIRLANIŞI:
Karışım bile pürüzsüz ve hale gelene kadar bir kapta mikser ile (yağ hariç) tüm malzemeleri karıştırın. Daha iyi bir tat için 2 saat buzdolabında beklettikten.
Krep pişirmek için büyük bir Tefal tava kullanın. Bir yüksek-orta ateşte tava koyun ve 2-3 dakika boyunca sıcak haline sağlar. Sonra yağ yaklaşık 1tsp (sığ kızartma) koymak ve bir kepçe ile dökün. Eğer (resme bakın) gibi Sen miktarını ayarlayabilirsiniz.
Eğer iki tarafta baloncuklar görünce ters gözleme açabilirsiniz. Bunu altın kahverengi renge göreceksiniz. Eğer iki tarafını da pişirin Sonra, bitti. 1 tatlı kaşığı yağ ekleyerek ve tüm krep pişirmeye devam edin.
Krem peynir, reçel veya marmelat, salça, zeytin ezmesi, bal ya da ne olursa olsun krep üzerinde yaymak gibi kullanabilirsiniz. Sonra onları yukarı rulo ve sıcak servis yapın<|endoftext|>内容摘要：
关键词：法院；环境民事公益诉讼；环境行政公益诉讼；模式选择；环境司法
作者简介：
内容提要：环境民事公益诉讼与环境行政公益诉讼的相继法治化，滋生出一种通过诉讼方式维护环境公益的程序竞合，并引发了现实中的模式选择难题。“扬”环境行政公益诉讼“抑”环境民事公益诉讼的模式选择主张，根源于学界对法院承担环境规制职能的忌惮。实际上，在“夜警国家”“福利国家”和“风险社会”，法院以私人讼争裁决者为底色，根据社会情势变迁还承担了环境规制制衡者和环境规制替代者的角色。法院的环境规制替代者角色可以从“代理彩票理论”中得到证成，加之法院和政府在环境规制中存在优势和功能互补的特性，双方的合作规制成为一种“次优选择”，这也就决定了环境民事公益诉讼与环境行政公益诉讼“二元并重”才是环境公益诉讼的应然模式选择。
关 键 词：法院；环境民事公益诉讼；环境行政公益诉讼；模式选择；环境司法
一、程序竞合、模式选择与法院角色
环境民事公益诉讼与环境行政公益诉讼（简称“两诉”）的相继入法，终结或者说暂时平息了学界关于“两诉”的适格原告、诉讼参加人地位、诉讼成本分担、诉讼收益分配、救济方式选择等问题的争论。然而“两诉”的相继法治化却出乎意料地带来了“公共政策的意外后果”，即针对同一环境公益侵害事实，当其既符合环境民事公益诉讼也符合环境行政公益诉讼的起诉条件之时，应当如何选择。此即学界热议的环境公益诉讼模式选择问题。
（一）程序竞合是诱发模式选择之根源
从诉讼标的来看，环境民事公益诉讼旨在调整平等主体间的环境民事法律关系，环境行政公益诉讼旨在调整不平等主体间的环境行政法律关系①[1]。由此派生出“两诉”不同的主体、客体、内容和功能，也就使“两诉”呈现出几乎完全不同的面相。之所以在“两诉”之间产生模式选择之争，盖因“两诉”所救济的根本利益——受被诉违法行为侵害的环境公共利益——是等同的[2]，由此塑造出以诉讼方式救济环境公共利益的程序竞合。
以实践中最常见的私主体污染环境为例。维护公共利益乃行政之出发点，当私主体污染环境损害社会公共利益之时，往往也意味着行政管理上存在疏漏或不足，由此导致环境民事公益诉讼起诉条件的满足成为触发环境行政公益诉讼的充分非必要条件。此时，针对私主体造成的环境公益损害，适格原告将面临路径选择：（1）以负有监管职责的政府部门为被告向法院提起环境行政公益诉讼，要求政府部门责令污染责任人停止非法排污、进行限期治理、消除污染或支付相关费用，以行政责任为内核的路径概括为“法院—政府—责任人”的间接规制路径。（2）以污染责任人为被告向法院提起环境民事公益诉讼，要求污染责任人停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、恢复原状或赔偿损失，以民事责任为内核的路径概括为“法院—责任人”的直接规制路径。围绕环境公共利益维护这一核心议题，无论是基于行政责任还是民事责任的名义作出的处理，在实际内容和客观功能上都是趋同的，即最终都指向对环境侵害的惩罚、矫正和填补[2]29。由此，“两诉”的相继法治化使适格原告面临着一种通过诉讼方式维护环境公益的程序竞合，即无论是启动环境行政公益诉讼，抑或启动环境民事公益诉讼，二者在维护环境公共利益这一核心目的上是殊途同归的。
学界对于“两诉”因程序竞合诱发的模式选择问题形成了多种观点。
1.环境行政公益诉讼为主模式论
环境民事公益诉讼通过强化司法权和要求行政权配合司法权，法院超越和取代环保部门，成为环境公共事务的第一顺位保护者，而环保部门则沦为提供科学技术等专业性支持的辅助者，容易造成司法权对行政权的不当干涉，从而有损行政权与司法权之间的合理分工和权力平衡；环境行政公益诉讼旨在督促环保部门依法行政，并不会产生法院挤占行政机关权力空间的问题，因此应当成为环境公益诉讼的主导模式[1]115[3,4]，极端观点甚至认为“民事公诉②实无必要”[5]325。
2.环境民事公益诉讼为主模式论
“两诉”有主次之分、轻重之别，二者之间，应当以民事公益诉讼为原则，以行政公益诉讼为例外。在“福利国家”和“给付行政”的背景下，行政权几乎渗透到社会生活的每个角落，出现侵害民事公益的领域一般都有相对应的行政主管部门，倘若以此为划分标准而提起行政公益诉讼，则所有公益诉讼都将是行政公益诉讼。行政乏力是催生环境民事公益诉讼之缘由，倘若强调环境行政公益诉讼的绝对优先，相当于将问题又重新推给了本就执行不能的行政部门，由此造成公益维护的迟滞和乏力。环境民事公益诉讼为主的诉讼格局有利于将诉讼的矛盾焦点聚焦于实施侵权行为的被告身上，从而有利
|
8,547 | 2 | 2 |
yerleştirilir. Hem yüzey, hem de iğne elektrodlar kullanılabilir. Sık olarak uyarılmış EMG, elin hipotenar veya tenar bölümünden ya da ilk dorsal interosseöz kasından elde edilir. Tercihan aktif elektrod kasın motor noktası üzerinde olmalıdır.
Günümüzde başlıca iki nöromusküler transmisyon analizörü EMG prensibi ile çalışmaktadır. İki cihaz da genelde aynı prensiple çalışır. Sinyal analizör tarafından alınır, bir amplifiyer, rektifiyer ve elektronik integratör tarafından işlenir. Sonuçlar monitörün ekranında ya kontrol değerine oranlanarak ya da TOF oranı şeklinde gösterilir. Yazıcı çıktısı alındığında sonuçlar seğirme yüksekliği şeklindedir ve kontrol değeri %100 olarak kabul edilmiştir (Şekil-10).
Uyarılmış elektriksel ve mekanik yanıtlar farklı fizyolojik olayları ifade ederler. Uyarılmış EMG kayıtları bir veya daha fazla kastaki elektriksel aktivite değişikliklerini gösterirken mekanomiyografi, eksitasyon-kontraksiyon ikilisini ve kasın kontraksiyonunu kaydeder.
Bu nedenle iki yöntemle elde edilen sonuçlar farklı olacaktır. EMG yanıtları, genellikle mekanik yanıtlarla iyi bir korelasyon gösterirse de özellikle SChe alınan yanıtlarda ve nondepolarizan bloktan çıkış sırasında TOF oranında önemli farklılıklar gözlenebilir.
Teorik olarak EMG kaydının mekanik yanıtların kaydına kıyasla bazı avantajları vardır. Ekipmanın kurulması daha kolaydır, yanıtlar yalnızca nöromusküler iletiyi etkileyen faktörlerdeki değişiklikleri yansıtır, mekanik kayıtlara uygun olmayan kaslardan da alınabilir. Ancak EMG tekniğinin de bazı güçlükleri bulunur. Pek çok hastada iyi kayıt yapılabilmesi mümkün olursa da sonuçlar her zaman güvenilir olmayabilir. Örneğin elektrodların kötü yerleştirilmesi EMG sinyalinin alınmasını güçleştirebilir. Kullanılan cihaz EMG kompleksinin dalga formunun izlenmesine izin vermiyorsa optimal elektrod yerleşimini garantilemek mümkün olmayabilir. Bir başka neden de elin fiksasyonundaki problemlerdir. Bazan doğrudan kas stimülasyonu oluşabilir. Kaslar, stimüle eden elektrodlara çok yakın ise nöromusküler ileti tamamen bloke olmasına karşın kaydedici elektrodlar elektriksel sinyal alabilirler. Bir diğer güçlük ise EMG yanıtlarının genellikle kontrol değerlerine dönmemesidir Bu durumun teknik sorunlara, elin yetersiz fiksasyonuna, sıcaklık değişikliklerine bağlı olabilirse de nedeni iyi bilinmemektedir. Son olarak uyarılmış EMG yanıtları, diatermi gibi elektriksel uyarılardan da etkilenmektedir.
Akseleromiyografi
Periferik bir motor sinirin uyarılmasından sonra baş parmaktaki akselerasyonun ölçülmesi prensibine dayanan yeni bir nöromusküler monitörizasyon yöntemidir. Newtonun ikinci kanunu (kuvvet=kitle x hız) temel alır. Böylece kitle sabit olduğundan hız, kuvvete bağlı olarak değişecektir. Buna göre sinir stimülasyonundan sonra uyarılan kuvvetle birlikte baş parmak hareketinin hızı da ölçülebilir.
Akseleromiyografi, iki tarafında da elektrodlar bulunan bir piezoelektrik seramik transduser kullanır (Şekil-11) . Elektroda bir güç uygulanması ile baş parmağın hareketinin hızı ile orantılı olarak bir elektrik voltajı oluşur. Akselerometre baş parmağa fikse edildiğinde ve ulnar sinir stimüle edildiğinde baş parmağın hareketi ile bir elektrik sinyali oluşur. Bu sinyal daha sonra özel bir analizörde analiz edilir ya da bir kayıt sisteminde ekrana getirilir.
Akseleromiyografi, nöromusküler fonksiyonun analizini mümkün kılan basit bir yöntemdir. Tek gerekli olan serbestçe hareket edebilen bir kasın varlığıdır. Bir nondepolarizan nöromusküler blok sırasında bu yöntemle ölçülen TOF oranı ile mekanik ölçümlerde elde edilen TOF oranları arasında iyi bir korelasyon vardır. Ancak kontrol TOF oranı, transdüser yöntemine kıyasla daha yüksek olmaktadır. Zayıf nöromusküler blok düzeylerinde (örneğin ufak doz nondepolarizan kas gevşeticilerin etkisini değerlendiren çalışmalarda) iki yöntem arasında ölçüm farklılığı olabilmektedir.
Kaydedilmiş yanıtların değerlendirilmesi
Bugün, klinik anestezide sinir stimülasyonu genellikle TOF stimülasyon ile eşdeğerdir. Bu nedenle bu yöntem ile kaydedilen yanıtlar, nöromusküler blok derecesini değerlendirmede daha sık kullanılmaktadır.
Nondepolarizan nöromusküler blok
Sakin bir trakeal intübasyon yapmaya yetecek dozda nondepolarizan nöromusküler bloker enjeksiyonundan sonra TOF kayıtları üç nöromusküler blok düzeyi ya da dönemi gösterir: yoğun blok, orta derece blok (cerrahi blok) ve derlenme. (Şekil-12).
Yoğun blok. Yoğun nöromusküler blok, uygulanan doza ve ilaca bağlı olarak intübasyon dozunun enjeksiyonunda 3-6 dk sonra oluşur. Bu evre aynı zamanda yanıtsızlık dönemi olarak da adlandırılır. Bu dönemin süresi yine ilaca, doza ve hastanın ilaca duyarlılığına bağlı olarak değişir. Bu dönem süresince yoğun bloğun ne kadar süreceğini ölçmek mümkün değilse de PTC ve TOF stimülasyonuna ilk yanıtın alınacağı süre arasındaki korelasyondan yararlanılabilir.
Cerrahi blok. Bu dönem, TOF uyarımına ilk yanıtın alınması ile başlar. TOF stimülasyonuna giderek artan sayıda yanıt alınması ile karakterizedir. TOF stimülasyonna alınan yanıtların sayısı ile nöromusküler bloğun derecesi arasında iyi bir korelasyon bulunur. Tek yanıt alındığında nöromusküler bloğun derecesi (seğirme yüksekliğindeki depresyonun oranı) %90-95tir. Dördüncü yanıt alındığında bloğun düzeyi %60-85tir. TOF stimülasyonuna bir ya da iki yanıt alınıyor olması pek çok cerrahi girişim için yeterli bir kas gevşekliğini gösterir. Ancak anestezi düzeyi yeterli değilse hastanın kıpırdaması veya ıkınması riski bulunur. Bu nedenle ani kımıldanmaların istenmediği cerrahi girişimlerde daha yoğun bir blok (ya da daha derin bir anestezi düzeyi) sağlanmalıdır. Bu yoğun blok düzeyi de PTC ile değerlendirilebilir.
Derlenme. TOF uyarımına 4. yanıtın alınması ile derlenme dönemi başlar. Nöromusküler derlenme sırasında TOF oranı ile klinik gözlemler arasında iyi bir korelasyon vardır. TOF oranı 0.4 veya daha az ise hastanın başını ya da kolunu kaldırması genellikle mümkün olmaz. Tidal volüm normal olabilir ancak vital kapasite ve inspiryum kuvveti azdır. Oran 0.6 olduğunda hasta başını 3 sn süreyle kaldırabilir, fakat vital kapasite ve inspiryum kuvveti hala düşüktür. TOF oranı 0.7-0.75 olduğunda hasta gözlerini iyice açabilir, dilini çıkarabilir, öksürebilir, başını en az 5 sn süreyle kaldırabilir. Oran 0.8 ve üzerine çıktığında vital kapasite ve inspiryum gücü de artık normaldir.
Klinik anestezide 0.70-0.75 bazan 0.50lik bir TOF oranının yeterli derlenmeyi yansıttığı kabul edilmektedir. Ancak klinik önem taşıyan bir residüel nöromusküler bloğu dışlamak için TOF, 0.80den fazla olmalıdır.
Depolarizan nöromusküler blok (faz I ve II bloklar)
Plazma kolinesteraz aktivitesi normal olan kişilerde normal bir süksinil kolin dozu (0.5-1.5 mg/kg) ile tipik bir depolarizan blok (faz I blok) gelişir. Örneğin TOF veya tetanik stimülasyona sönme olmaz, postetanik ileti artışı olmaz. Aksine bazı hastalar genetik olarak anormal plazma koplinesteraz enzim aktivitesi gösterdiklerinden aynı doz SCh ile bir nondepolarizan blok gelişir, TOF ve tetanik stimülasyona yanıtta sönme ve posttetanik ileti artışı gözlenir. (Şekil-13). Bu blok tipi faz II (dual, miks veya duyarsızlaşma) bloğu olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Genetik olarak normal bazı olgularda da uzun süreli SCh infüzyonu sonrasında faz II blok gelişebilmektedir.
Normal hastalarda gelişen faz II blok, kolinesteraz aktivitesi normal olmayan hastalarda gelişen faz II bloktan ayırt edilmelidir. Normal hastalarda bir faz II blok Sch uygulamasının sonlandırılmasından birkaç dk sonra kolinesteraz inhibitörü uygulaması ile antagonize edilebilir. Anormal genotipli olgularda ise asetilkolinesteraz inhibitörü enjeksiyonunun sonucu tahmin edilemez. Örneğin neostigmin uygulaması, nöromusküler bloğu dramatik olarak potansiyalize edebilir, nöromusküler iletiyi geçici olarak düzeltebilir. Bu nedenle hastanın genotipinin normal olduğu biliniyor olmadıkça bir faz II bloğunun kolinesteraz inhibitörü ile antagonize edilmesine çalışılmamalıdır. Nöromusküler fonksiyon düzelse bile hastanın 1 saat daha izlenmesi gereklidir.
Nöromusküler fonksiyonun derlenmesi sırasında TOF stimülasyonuna 4 yanıtın da alındığı gözlendiğinde TOF oranı da değerlendirilmeye çalışılabilir. Ancak TOF stimülasyonuna alınan yanıtların manuel değerlendirilmesi her zaman residüel nöromusküler bloğun dışlanmasını garantilememektedir. DBS bu değerlendirmede daha duyarlıdır. Aslında yanıtların manuel değerlendirilmesi her zaman klinik bulgular ve residüel nöromusküler blok semptomların değerlendirilmesi (hastanın başını 5 sn süreyle kaldırması, gözlerini açması, dilini çıkarması ve öksürmesi) ile birlikte olmalıdır.
Sinir stimülatörlerinin kayıt ekipmanı olmaksızın kullanımı
Klinik anestezide sinir stimülasyonu ile uyarılmış yanıtların kaydedilmesi giderek popülarite kazanmakta ise de bu yanıtların gözle ya da dokunarak da değerlendirilmesi mümkündür. Bu nedenle anestezistin kayıt ekipmanı olmaksızın bir sinir stimülatörünün nasıl kullanılacağına tanıdık olması gerekmektedir.
Supramaksimal uyarımı sağlamak için cilt iyice temizlenmeli, elektrodlar uygun yerlere yerleştirilerek iyice tespit edilmelidir. Ekstremitenin soğumasını engellemeye yöenlik gözlem ve tedbirler, vücuda da yönelik olmalıdır. Addüktör policis kasının hem santral hem de yüzeyel soğuması seyirme yüksekliğini ve TOF oranını azaltabilir. Periferik soğuma sinir iletimini etkileyebilir, asetilkolin salınım hızını ve kas kontraktilitesini azaltabilir, cilt impedansını arttırabilir, kasın kan akımını azaltabilir. Sonuçta kas gevşetici ilacın kastan uzaklaştırılma hızı azalabilir. Ayrıca mümkün olduğunda sinir stimülasyonuna yanıt dokunarak hissedilmeli, gözle değerlendirmeyle yetinilmemelidir. Kasın doğrudan uyarılması ile beşinci parmakta kas yanıtı oluşabileceğinden yalnızca baş parmağın yanıtı değerlendirilmelidir. Son olarak çeşitli kas gruplarının aynı kas gevşeticiye farklı yanıtlar verebileceği akılda tutulmalıdır.
Periferik sinir stimülatörünün anestezide kullanımı
Anestezi indüksiyonu. Sinir stimülatörü anestezi indüksiyonundan önce hastaya takılmalı fakat bilinç kaybı oluşturulduktan sonra çalıştırılmalıdır. Supramaksimal eşik değerini ararken 1 Hz tekli uyarı tercih edilebilir. Supramaksimal eşik bulunduktan sonra ve kas gevşetici enejkte edilmeden önce stimülasyon modu TOFa veya 0.1 Hz tekli uyarıya değiştirilmelidir. Daha sonra bu uyarıya yanıt (kontrol yanıtı) alındığı görüldükten sonra nöromusküler bloker enjekte edilmelidir. TOFa yanıtların kaybolduğu anda trakeal intübasyon mümkün olabilirse de 30-60 sn daha beklenmesi ile daha iyi bir intübasyon mümkün olur.
Cerrahi. SCh uygulamasından sonra sinir stimülasyonuna yeniden yanıt alınmaya başlamadıkça ya da hastada nöromusküler fonksiyonun derlenmeye başladığı görülmedikçe ek SCh dozu verilmemelidir. Plazma kolinesteraz aktivitesinin normal olduğu olgularda TOF stimülasyonuna 4-8 dk sonra yanıt alınmaya başlanır. Trakeal intübasyon için bir nondepolarizan bloker kullanıldığında yoğun blok süresi daha uzun olur. Bu süreçte TOF ve tekli uyarıya yanıt alınmaz.
Pek çok cerrahi girişim için seğirme yüksekliğinde %90 oranında depresyon sağlanması hastanın anestezi düzeyi uygun olmak koşuluyla yeterli olur. Bir nondepolarizan kas gevşetici kullanıldığında TOF uyarımına bir ya da iki yanıt alınıyor olmalıdır. Ancak solunum kasları (diyafragma da dahil olmak üzere) periferik kaslara kıyasla nöromusküler blokerlere daha az duyarlı olduklarından bu blok düzeyinde hastanın soluması, hıçkırması ve bazan öksürmesi mümkün olabilir. Diyafram paralizisini de sağlamak için başparmakta PTCnin sıfır olduğu bir nörmusküler blok düzeyi sağlanmalıdır.
Nöromusküler bloğun derlenmesi. Blok yoğun olduğunda nöromusküler bloğun geri döndürülmesine çalışılması durumunda yeterli bir derlenme elde edilemez. Yüksek doz kas gevşetici kullanıldığında TOFa bir yanıt alınırken antagonist uygulaması da yeterli bir kas derlenmesi oluşturmayabilir. Bu nedenle TOF stimülasyonuna en azından iki tercihan 3 ya da 4 yanıt alınıyor olmadıkça ya da nöromusküler fonksiyonun döndüğüne ilişkin klinik bulgu olmadıkça bir nondepolarizan bloğun antagonizmasına kalkışılmamalıdır. Kolinesteraz inhibitörü enjekte edilmeden önce TOF uyarımına dört yanıt alınıyorsa 10 dakika içinde yeterli bir antagonizma sağlanabilecektir (uzun etkili kas gevşetici kullanılmış olsa bile).
Nöromusküler fonksiyonun derlenmesi sırasında TOF uyarımına alınan dört yanıt da hissedilmelidir.
Periferik sinir stimülatörü kullanılmasını gerektiren durumlar
Bazı kliniklerde nöromusküler bloker uygulanan tüm olgularda sinir stimülatörü kullanılmaktadır. Bu olguların çoğunda yanıtlar manuel değerlendirilirken bazı olgularda yanıtların kaydedilmesi tercih edilmektedir. Pek çok anestezist ise bu cihazlar olmaksızın kas gevşetici kullanımında sorun yaşamadıklarını belirtmekte ve sinir stimülatörlerinin yaygın kullanımını gereksiz görmektedirler. Bu nedenle aşağıdaki olgu gruplarının dışındaki olgularda sinir stimülatörlerinin rutin oalrak kullanımı gerekli olmayabilir:
Pek çok olguda sinir stimülasyonuna alınan yanıtların manuel değerlendirilmesi yeterli olur. Ancak gözle ya da manuel değerlendirmenin yeterli olmayabileceği hastalarda kullanılmak üzere her anestezi kliniğinde yanıtları kaydedebilen en azından bir cihazın bulunması uygun olur.
Periferik sinir stimülatörü kullanımı ile ilgili problemler
Periferik sinir stimülasyonunun başarısını etkileyecek pek çok faktör bulunur. Bu nedenle bir periferik sinir stimülatörü kullanılırken aşağıdaki potansiyel sorunlar sık sık kontrol edilmeli ve düzeltilmelidir.
İletim yetersizliği. Elektrot ile sinir arasındaki mesafe uzun ise (obezlerde ve masif doku ödemi olan olgularda olduğu gibi) kasa yanıt vermesine yetecek bir elektriksel uyarı ulaşmaz. Böyle bir durumda hasta yeterince paralitik olduğu halde anestezist kas gevşekliğinin yetersiz olduğunu düşünebilir.
İletim yetersizliğinin olabileceği hastalarda elektriksel uyarının akımı yükseltilebilir. Bir başka sinirin (peroneal veya posterior tibial sinir) kullanımı tercih edilebilir.
Elektrotların yapıştığı yerden ayrılması durumunda ya da elektriksel uyarının akım miktarı çok düşük olduğunda da iletim yetersizliği görülebilir.
Düşük vücut sıcaklığı. Hastanın merkezi sıcaklığının, periferik kas veya cilt sıcaklığının düşmesi ile seğirme yüksekliği ve TOF oranı azalabilir. Bu durumda hasta olduğundan daha fazla paralitik gibi değerlendirilir. Hastanın sıcak tutulması ile bu sorun önlenebilir.
Elektrotların uygun olmayan yerleşimi. Elektrotların sinir yerine kasın üzerine veya yakınına yerleştirilmesi durumunda kas, sinir stimülasyonu ile değil doğrudan uyarılma ile hareket edecektir. Bu durumda hastada tam paralizi olduğu halde bile TOF uyarımına yanıt alınabilecek ve hastaya ek doz kas gevşetici
|
8,547 | 2 | 3 |
project to pass.
Some special-education students may have alternative graduation standards.
Starting in the 2010-11 school year, the Department of Education will make a model voluntary curriculum available so that students learn the state-mandated content. Also in the next two years, the state will start offering diagnostic tools and supports to assist struggling students.
Riverside Superintendent David Woods said superintendents have been "left in the dark" about new curriculum standards that may soon have to be met.
"My concern is that our current standards are not necessarily what the Keystone Exams may be based on," he said. "I'm all for student success, but one test is not the answer."
While Abington Heights Superintendent Michael Mahon, Ph.D. is also cautious about the testing, he said he also sees it as an opportunity.
"It will be an excellent resource. We think it will also be a source of motivation for our students," Dr. Mahon said. "We understand it's important for kids, especially at the high school level, to face big exams, At the college level, that's what they'll do."
Scranton Superintendent William King said after several options had been discussed at the state level, the state decided on "the best option for our students."
He added that it made sense for students to take tests at the end of the course, and that it would fill a gap in ninth and 10th grade that the 11th grade PSSA test created. Students currently take PSSA tests in third through eighth and 11th grades.
"I really think it's probably a fair system," he said.
Contact the writer: email@example.com<|endoftext|>Attenzione: alcuni musei, gallerie e luoghi espositivi potrebbero essere temporaneamente chiusi al pubblico.
Nudo con Fruttiera (Venere)
Crocetta
La possente volumetria della figura, della fruttiera e della scultura sullo sfondo connotano un'adesione al purismo geometrizzante tipico della pittura metafisica, a cui Sironi si avvicinò tra il 1918 e il 1922 attraverso la rivista romana Valori Plastici. Perfino la tavolozza dei colori viene impostata su toni che simulano materie come la "pietra" e la "terra", affinché l'arte si trasformi in forza costruttrice.<|endoftext|>North America encompasses great political, economic, and religious diversity with Canada, Mexico, and the United States as its major countries. With the exception of a few projects that cross the U.S.-Mexican border, Mexico is considered regionally part of Latin America. While the United States has the most advanced economic and technical capacity in the world, issues such as poverty, limited opportunities, and racial-ethnic discrimination persist. These projects and United Methodist missionaries seek to break the cycle of poverty and to open opportunities for all.
Advance Projects in North America<|endoftext|>Pilot ve hava trafik kontrolörlüğü mesleğindeki Havacılık Profesyonellerine yönelik olarak hazırlanmıştır.
Programın Amacı ve İçeriği
Programın amacı, pilotlar ve hava trafiği kontrolörlerinin ICAO tarafından belirlenen ve LEVEL 4+ yeterlilik olarak tanımlanan Havacılık İngilizcesi ile ilgili tüm dil becerilerinin geliştirilmesini sağlamaktır.
Hazırlık programının odaklandığı 6 ana başlık aşağıda özetlenmiştir.
- • Telafuz
• Dilbilgisi
• Kelime
- • Akıcılık
• Dinlediğini anlama
• Etkili İletişim
Sınav hazırlık programından önce adaylara Havacılık İngilizcesi verme konusunda sertifikaya sahip öğretmenler tarafından Emery Roberts Havacılık İngilizcesi Seviye Belirleme Sınavı uygulanır.Beta sınavının sonucuna göre adaylar farklı eğitim sürelerinde İngilizce eğitimi alarak ICAO Level 4+ sınavına hazırlanır.Sınava hazırlık programını gerçekleştiren öğretmenler Havacılık İngilizcesi eğitimi verme konusunda sertifikaya sahip ve bir kısmı da pilotluk yapmış olan eğitmenlerdir.
Beta sınavı sonucu Level 4 ve üzeri olan pilotlar, tamamen sınava endeksli olarak hazırlanmış 31 saatlik programı toplam 6 günde tamamlarlar.
Beta sınavı sonucu Level 3 olan pilotlar 60 saatlik Havacılık İngilizcesi programını takiben, 31 saatlik sınava hazırlık programını toplam 91 saat tamamlarlar.
Kurs programı içinde Check Your Aviation English ve Aviation English kitapları kullanılmaktadır.<|endoftext|>Hello everyone! If you know me, you know that I am a huge procrastinator, as in I have a final on Tuesday and I start studying today (true story I have my Algebra I Regents actually on the 13th aaa). I do this a lot, which is not the greatest study method, but I still somehow do well. For all the procrastinators out there who encounter the same issues, I developed an efficient and simple three day study plan that'll accomplish everything you need to get done. Shall we?
- If you have a textbook for this particular subject, close read it. Close reading is basically where you read a passage multiple times to gain complete understanding.
Read the first time, highlight the second time, and annotate the third. - you can do this with the entire chapter or sections at a time.
- Go back and review your notes. That's what they're there for! And if you haven't made any (boo you) then make some right now. They're helpful.
A quick, and visual note taking strategy is using a mindmap, it'll help you fit and organize all of your information.
- If something requires memorization, a thing I tend to do is put the words on my wall and go over them repeatedly so that I keep looking at them.
Flashcards are extremely helpful, websites like Quizlet are efficient and on the go.
- If you don't have time for notes, create a review sheet with main topics and information that you KNOW you'll need to know.
This can contain definitions, names of people or events, and main events/topics.
- Do some worksheets or exercises that will help you practice your knowledge.
If it's a standardized test created by the state or country, you can probably find some from previous years online that you can use for practice.
- Review your notes and mindmap AGAIN. Push that knowledge into your brain to really make sure you know it all.
- If you don't know all the definitions of the things you need to memorize, DO THAT NOW. Tomorrow you'll need to go over them, so make sure you know them.
- Read your annotations of the textbook, these are summaries of what you need to know and can be extremely helpful.
- Read your notes out loud but record yourself. And then listen to it. This is such a useful strategy that actually works.
- Go over the nitty gritty. Every test has that one curveball that came up in one line of the textbook, so make sure you know it all.
- Read over your textbook one more time to make sure you didn't miss ANYTHING. Don't skip sections just because you think that you know it.
- Listen to your recordings again to really get it in your brain.
- If you have time, rewrite some of your notes. Try to do this without any noise in the background, focusing/writing is a deadly combination that is key for memorization.
- Do some more exercises, but try to put yourself in an exam setting. No distractions, everything off the desk and no resources. Just you.
I hope this helped a few people who are still going through their exams. I wish you luck, and I know you all will do great <3
Hopefully I will be back with regular posting as soon as exams are over which is close to the end of June :(
Thanks for reading,<|endoftext|>【加拿大都市网】疫情爆发的两年期间，很多员工转为在家工作，如今疫情放缓，办公室重开，但其中很多人已经不想回公司上班了。
如今随着疫情放缓，在市中心的金融区，人流量正在增加。过去两年一直在家里上班的员工开始要为重返办公室做准备了，不过很多人对是否回到办公室犹豫不决。
公司或应接受混合工作模式
在市中心工作的西蒙（Nola Simon）说，她知道很多人已经决定不再会公司上班。很多员工担心雇主提出重返公司的要求。
在过去十多年，西蒙一直提倡远程工作。她准备3月成立自己的公司，来帮助公司开发混合工作场所（家和公司混合的工作模式）
西蒙说，更换员工的成本可能很高，建议公司为管理人员提供培训和支持。“除非有真正令人信服的理由来说明在办公室工作，对于员工有什么利益，否则很难说服他们回来，尤其是有家人需要照顾的员工。”她说。
同时，如果员工在疫情期间没有加薪，有些人可能会将回办公室工作视为减薪，因为买衣服和通行的成本再次成为预算的一部分。
多伦多超3成员工全职在家工作
加拿大统计局1月报告显示，疫情期间，全国有近四分之一的员工完全在家工作， 其中渥太华有40%的员工在家工作，多伦多则为 34.7%。
而 2016 年，在家工作的员工只有7.5%。
雇主已经开始提供混合工作方式。 到目前为止，在法律服务、工程、公共关系、金融、保险和房地产行业中，有 3.6%的员工使用这种工作方式。
希利尔（Wade Hiller）在市中心担任管理职务。 他每周两天到办公室，与员工交谈。 通勤和安全是员工关注的两大话题。
“全职回办公室对他们来说并没有太大的价值，因为他们可以证明在家工作效果是一样的。”希利尔说。
不过对于一些人来说，到办公室工作的效果更好。“对我来说，把家庭和工作分开真的很重要，所以我一得到批准就回到办公室——不是每天，而是在允许的情况下，”在市中心从事金融工作的 Henriette Grootenhuis 说。
德勤加拿大通过对14,000名员工的调查发现，人们工作的地点和方式最好由从事工作的人决定。目前尚不清楚有多少人会定期回到办公室。
（Shawn, 资讯来源：CTV，图片来源：Pixabay）<|endoftext|>Some Believe That This Historic College May Be One Of The Most Haunted Schools In The Midwest. What Do You Think?
Picture Courtesy of Illinois College
By Troy Taylor
Illinois College was founded in 1829 by Reverend John M. Ellis, a Presbyterian minister who felt a "seminary of learning" was needed in the new frontier state of Illinois. His plans came to the attention of a group of Congregational students at Yale University. Seven of them, in one of the now famous "Yale Bands", came westward to help establish the College. It became one of the first institutes for higher learning in Illinois and the first two men to graduate from a college in state were Richard Yates, who became the Civil War governor of Illinois and later a U.S. Senator and Jonathan Edward Spilman. This second graduate composed the now-familiar music to Robert Burns's immortal poem, "Flow Gently, Sweet Afton". Both men received their baccalaureate degree from Illinois College in 1835.
Sturtevant Hall at Illinois College.
Nine students met for the first class on January 4, 1830. Julian Sturtevant, the first instructor and the second president, reported, "We had come there that morning to open a fountain for future generations to drink at." Shortly after, Edward Beecher left the Park Street Church in Boston, Massachusetts, to serve the new college as it first president. He created a strong college and retained close intellectual ties with New England. His brother, Henry Ward Beecher, preached and lectured at Illinois College, and his sister, Harriet Beecher Stowe, was an occasional visitor. His brother, Thomas, was graduated from Illinois College in 1843. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Mark Twain, Horace Greeley, and Wendell Phillips were among the visitors and lecturers in the early years.
In 1843 and 1845 two of the College's seven literary societies were formed. Possibly unique in the Midwest today, the societies have continued in their roles as centers for debate and criticism. Abraham Lincoln was one of many speakers appearing on the campus under the sponsorship of a literary society.
Illinois College also became heavily involved with the abolitionist movement as President Beecher took a very active role. At one point, a group of students was indicted by a grand jury for harboring runaway slaves. Illinois College was also a well-known station on the Underground Railroad and a number of tunnels can still be found under the college, leading to the Smith and Fayerweather houses on the campus.
In the years following the Civil War graduates contributed with distinction to the national scene. Among these was William Jennings Bryan, '81, who within 15 years was the Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency in the race with McKinley. He continued with a prominent role in politics even after the election.
There were many other famous and prominent graduates of the school over the years and it has maintained an outstanding scholarly program.
Not surprisingly, it has maintained close ties to the supernatural world as well. Like with many other historic spots in Illinois, the events of the past have certainly left their mark on Illinois College. Many of these events still come back to "haunt" students and faculty members today and there are many who have encountered this ghosts of yesterday face-to face.
One place where strange events have been reported is in Beecher Hall, which was built in 1829. This two-level building is now used as a meeting hall for two of the school's Literary Societies, Sigma Pi and Phi Alpha. The Sig's meet on the upper floor and the Phi's meet in the lower part of the building. The majority of the encounters here seem to involve the groups who frequent the upper floor. The most commonly reported events are ghostly footsteps that can be distinctly heard in one room, always coming from another. If the witness follows the sound, then the footsteps will suddenly be heard in the other room instead. Years ago, this was a medical building and cadavers were stored on the upper floor. Some believe that this may explain the ghostly activity.
Beecher Hall at Illinois College.
Legend on campus has it that the students here were not actually supposed to have the cadavers that were secreted away in the building. However, they were so dedicated to collecting medical knowledge that they stole them from local hospitals and cemeteries, introducing the art of "body snatching to Illinois College. The corpses were hidden in the attic until the stench of decaying flesh alerted college officials to their presence.
Other legends claim that the ghost here is that of Williams Jenning Bryan, who has returned to haunt his old school. He was a member of Sigma Pi and was often in the building during his years at Illinois College. There are others who say that it might be Abraham Lincoln's ghost instead. He was an honorary Phi Alpha and while he did not attend the school, he did speak at Beecher Hall on occasion. In addition, William Berry (Lincoln's partner at new Salem), William H. Herndon (his law partner), and Ann Rutledge's brother, David, all attended Illinois College.
Another allegedly haunted spot on campus is the David A. Smith House, which was built in 1854. Today, the structure is home to three of the women's Literary Societies, the Gamma Deltas, the Chi Betas and the women of Sigma Phi Epsilon. There is a parlor for all of them but the Delts use a room on the main floor while the Betas and the Sig Phip's have rooms on the second floor. The attic is used by all of the groups but there is also a dining room, a kitchen and an apartment at the back of the house.
The Smith House at Illinois College.
There are several versions of the historic legend concerning the ghost in this house, but all of them claim that she is the daughter of the original owner and that her name was Effie Smith. Basically, Effie was being courted by a young man from town and they became engaged. When he proposed to her, he gave her a diamond ring and she was said to have scratched it against her bedroom window to see if the diamond was real. When she realized that it was, she etched her signature into the glass and her name remained for many years afterward. The window has recently been removed and this small and unusual piece of history has been lost.
Then, the story begins to take different paths. In one version of the story, David Smith was very disapproving of his daughter's new fiancee and he literally locked Effie into a closet one day when the man came calling. Fearful of her father's wrath, the young man hid himself in a small room that was only accessible from the attic. For some reason, he nailed himself in to escape from David Smith and he later died there. According to students who have been in the attic, the nails are still visible there today, nailed from the other side of the door! When Effie learned of her lover's cruel fate, she threw herself from an upstairs window and died in the fall.
In the second version of the story, Effie's young man went off to fight in the Civil War. Every day, Effie climbed up to the attic and watched for him to return. When she later learned that he had been killed in battle, committed suicide by once again, jumping out of the window.
Another variation of the legend has Effie being jilted by her lover and she again commits suicide. Regardless of what happened, the story stands that she killed herself and has since returned to haunt the house.
Effie's rocking chair is still located in the attic and the stories say that if you move the chair away from the window (where it sits, facing out), leave the attic and then return later, the chair will have returned to its original position. This window is located in a storage area for the Chi Beta society and every year, they frequently test the chair and discover that the story is true! One young woman even walked into the room one day and the door suddenly slammed closed behind her. It is also not uncommon for cold air to suddenly fill this room, even though for years, the windows were painted shut. It was said that ice cold wind would often come from the window with Effie's name etched on the glass.
Another interesting feature of this building is the tunnel that once exited from the dirt basement. This tunnel was once supposed to have connected to other buildings on campus and was said to have been used during the years of the Underground Railroad. As operations connected with this abolitionist system were always kept secret, and no records exist, no one knows for sure if the stories are true. Today, the tunnel is boarded up and remains only a curiosity of times gone by.
Another reportedly ghostly location is Whipple Hall, which was constructed in 1882. The spectral occupant of this place is known only as the "Gray Ghost". The upper part of the building serves as a meeting hall for the Alpha Phi Omega society, for the Eta Sigma chapter, which is a national service fraternity, and as the location of the security office. The lower part of Whipple is the meeting hall of the Pi Pi Rho
|
8,547 | 3 | 0 |
个测试点可以直接与高精度设备相连。 “每引脚SMU”(SMU per pin)架构避免了开关对信号完整性、测试时间和测试例程灵活性的不利影响，有助于您实现高级应力测量算法。
图5. 与多路复用架构相比，并行的每引脚SMU架构有助于缩短测试时间。
虽然每引脚SMU架构用于WLR系统并不是第一次，但是NI SMU提供的通道数比现有解决方案高的多。 借助基于NI PXI的WLR系统，SMU提供了以下优势：
- 高密度—您可以将多达68个SMU通道添加到单个4U 19英寸的PXI机箱内，并在单个自动化测试机架上安装多个机箱，使每个系统独立SMU通道达到数百个。
- 高精度测量—NI SMU具有10 fA至10 pA的测量灵敏度范围，可为系统提供出色的测量质量。
- 高速序列引擎—您可以将大型硬件定时序列传输至系统的SMU并同步所有通道。 这可实现超高的执行速率及确定性电源输入和采样。
- 内置数字化仪—采样率大于600Ks/s，无需借助外部示波器即可捕捉瞬态设备的恢复行为。
了解用户选择NI SMU的原因
正常运行时间长，适用性好
保证系统的正常运行时间对在线和离线可靠性系统都是十分重要的。 如果在线系统出现故障，那么晶圆生产可能会停止。 离线可靠性测试的执行时间通常需要数月或数年，为产品的预期生命周期提供了关键性数据。 基于这些需求，可靠性测试仪需要维持在线状态并在整个实验过程中持续采集数据，因为有故障的测试仪会导致实验失败。
图6. PXI机箱通过冗余风扇和电源提供较长的正常运行时间
PXI平台为开发拥有较长正常运行时间的关键型应用提供了众多优势。 例如，您可以使用装有冗余、可热插拔风扇和电源的机箱来搭建系统。 如果一个组件发生故障，系统会继续运行，且无需系统停机或实验中断即可替换该组件。 另外，您可以远程监测系统的风扇转速、温度、功耗和其它可预测即时故障的关键参数。
了解PXI如何提高您系统的可靠性、可用性、服务性及可管理性
使用最新商用处理器
并行测试系统不能因为处理能力的不足或通信延时而成为瓶颈。 使用PXI构建并行WLR系统的一个优势是其所使用的控制器可集成最新的多核Intel处理器。 另外，机箱背板可实现处理器和模块之间的低延迟通信以及基于数字触发的模块间通信。 对于并行WLR系统，这意味着您可以将具体的序列执行转移到每个SMU上执行，使控制器空出来进行数据采集与分析。
图7. 基于PXI的测试系统能够集成最新的商用处理器
使用多核处理器增强测试系统<|endoftext|>Shirley Macagni, a 78-year-old retired dairy rancher and great-grandmother of seven, is an elder of the Salinan tribe, whose members have inhabited California’s Central Coast for thousands of years. Macagni calls her oak-dotted ancestral region, a largely unspoiled terrain of orchards, vineyards and cattle ranches, a “landscape that still stirs people’s imaginations.”
From This Story
Spanish settlers, arriving in the late 1700s, would decimate the tribe through smallpox, servitude and other depredations; resistance was dealt with harshly, and, says Macagni, fewer than a thousand Salinan survive today. The Spaniards’ legacy is complicated, and, Macagni feels, it is unfair to judge 18th-century attitudes and actions by contemporary standards. “They didn’t deliberately say they’re going to destroy people,” she says. “Records show that [the Salinan] were housed and fed and taught. My [ancestral] line developed into some of the best cattlemen and cowboys in the country. They learned that through the Spanish padres and the army that came with them.”
By delving into 18th-century parish archives, Macagni has documented her family’s links to the region’s earliest European outposts: Franciscan missions founded to convert the native population and extend Spain’s colonial empire northward into virgin territory the settlers called Alta (Upper) California. Macagni is especially proud of the Salinan connections to Mission San Miguel, Arcángel, ties that go back to its founding in 1797. She has fond memories of childhood outings and fiesta days there. “For as long as I can remember,” she says, “tribal members, the elders and the children were held in great regard.” Although she is not Catholic—she follows tribal beliefs—Macagni became active in fundraising efforts to preserve and restore Mission San Miguel after it was badly damaged in 2003 by the San Simeon earthquake. “It’s not just my history,” she says. “It’s part of the history of our whole country.”
Nestled in a remote valley, Mission San Miguel was the 16th of 21 missions built between 1769 and 1823 in a chain that stretches 600 miles from San Diego to Sonoma. Each was a day’s journey on horseback from the next along the fabled El Camino Real, which roughly corresponds to today’s U.S. Highway 101. Spanish settlement—its presidios (forts), pueblos (towns) and missions—gave rise to Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose and other urban centers that underlie California’s standing as the nation’s most populous state (37.3 million), home to nearly one out of eight Americans.
For many, the missions lie at the very heart of the state’s cultural identity: cherished symbols of a romanticized heritage; tourist destinations; storehouses of art and archaeological artifacts; inspirational settings for writers, painters and photographers; touchstones of an architectural style synonymous with California itself; and active sites of Catholic worship (in 19 of the 21 churches). “There are few institutions in California that have become imbued with a comparable range and richness of significance,” says Tevvy Ball, author, with Julia G. Costello and the late Edna E. Kimbro, of The California Missions: History, Art, and Preservation, a lavishly illustrated volume published in 2009 by the Getty Conservation Institute.
Not long after Mexico achieved independence from Spain in 1821, the missions were secularized. “Following the gold rush in 1848 and California statehood in 1850,” Ball says, “the missions were largely forgotten and were often viewed as relics of a bygone civilization by the new American arrivals.” Gradually, by the 1870s and ’80s, the landmarks gained popularity. “The romance of the missions was spread by an assortment of boosters and writers, some of whom had a deeply genuine love of the mission heritage,” Ball adds. “And through their efforts over the next few decades, the missions became, particularly in Southern California, the iconic cornerstones of a new regional identity.” The uplifting tale of the Franciscans spreading Christian civilization to grateful primitives—or the “mission myth,” as it has come to be known—omits uncomfortable truths. Yet the power of that traditional narrative largely accounts for the missions’ survival today, Ball says.
What distinguishes mission san miguel is its stark authenticity—no romantic reinventions of history—just the real thing, much as it might have appeared generations ago. Of the 21 missions, San Miguel contains the only surviving original church interior. An extraordinary profusion of colors, materials and designs—including original Native American motifs—has remained largely intact from the time of their creation. Ornamentation is executed in a palette of pale green, blue, pink, lavender, red and yellow pigments. The richly decorated retablo, or altarpiece, includes a painted statue of the mission’s patron saint, gazing skyward at a rendering of the all-seeing eye of God, depicted as floating within a diaphanous cloud. Much of the work was designed by a celebrated Catalan artist, Esteban Munras, and is believed to have been executed by Salinan artisans who had converted to Christianity.
Unlike other missions, where original motifs were modified, painted over or covered with plaster, San Miguel benefited from a kind of benign neglect. “It was in a small rural community and didn’t have a lot of money, so it was left alone—that’s kind of the miracle of San Miguel,” says archaeologist Julia Costello. “The bad news, of course, is that it sits pretty much near an earthquake fault.” Specifically, the San Andreas fault.
On the morning of December 22, 2003, a quake registering a magnitude of 6.5 jolted California’s Central Coast, seriously damaging buildings at Mission San Miguel, including the church and the friars’ living quarters. Experts feared the cracked walls of the sanctuary could collapse, destroying its historic murals.
Overcoming these challenges has required an ongoing collaborative effort among engineers, architects, conservators, archaeologists and other specialists—backed by foundations and other groups seeking to raise more than $12 million. The top priority was seismic strengthening of the mission church, which took two years and drew on cost-effective, minimally invasive techniques pioneered by the Getty Seismic Adobe Project. Anthony Crosby, preservation architect for Mission San Miguel, describes the chief aim of seismic retrofitting in one word: ductility—“the ability of a system to move back and forth, swell and shrink, and return to where it was in the beginning.”
Since the church’s reopening in October 2009, increasing attention has focused on preserving its murals and woodwork. “Walking into the church, you really are transported back,” says wall painting conservator Leslie Rainer, who’s assisting on the project. “It’s the experience you would want to have of the early California missions, which I find lacking in some of the others.” Rainer also appreciates the countryside and the nearby town of Paso Robles, a mecca for food and wine enthusiasts. “There’s an old plaza, a historic hotel and fancy little restaurants,” she says. “Then you go up to San Miguel and you have the mission. It’s all spectacular scenery, valleys and then hills, and it’s green and beautiful at the right time of year,” late autumn into spring.
It has taken more than expert teams to revive Mission San Miguel’s fortunes. Shirley Macagni has brought in Salinan families and friends to help out, too. One day she organized volunteers to make hundreds of new adobe bricks using soil from the mission grounds. “That was a great experience for all of us,” she says. “The children really, really appreciated it, knowing that our ancestors were the ones that built the mission.” She pauses to savor the thought. “Hey, we built this. We made these bricks and we built it. And now look at it. Even the earthquake didn’t knock it down.”
Jamie Katz reports frequently on history, culture and the arts. Photographer Todd Bigelow lives in Los Angeles.<|endoftext|>Listenin yeni lideri The Exorcist: Believer (ABD Box Office verileri: 6-8 Ekim)
10. Hokus Pokus
1.5 milyon dolar
Konusu:
Sanderson kardeşlerin büyücük yaptıkları için idam edilmelerinin üzerinden 300 yıl geçmiştir. Aradan geçen yılların ardından Cadılar Bayramı'nda üç cadı kız kardeş tekrar hayata gelir. Kasabaya taşınan Max adında bir çocuk ile ölümsiz bir kedi, yıllar sonra dirilen cadı kardeşleri öldrümek için elinden geleni yapacaktır.
9. Adalet 3: Son
1.8 milyon dolar
Konusu:
Eski hükümet suikastçısı Robert McCall, adaleti sağlamak için acımasız geçmişinden gelen yeteneklerini kullanmak zorunda kalır. Ezilenlerin yanında olup adaleti sağlayarak huzur bulmaya çalışır. Suikastçı olarak çalıştığı hayatından vazgeçen Robert, geçmişinde yaptığı korkunç şeylerin yükünü taşır ve kendisini affetmek için çabalar. Sonunda Güney İtalya’da kendisini yeniden evinde hisseden Robert McCall, burada kendisine yeni bir dünya inşa etmeye çalışır. Ancak çok geçmeden yeni arkadaşlarının yerel mafyanın kontrolünün altında olduğunu öğrenir. Olaylar ölümcül bir hal alınca McCall, arkadaşlarını korumak için ipleri yine eline alır.
8. Keriz Parası
2.2 milyon dolar
Konusu:
2021 yılının başında gerçekleşen ve bir Reddit forumunda alevlenip Wall Street'e büyük bir darbe vurmaya kadar giden GameStop vakasını anlatıyor.
7. Dehşetin Yüzü 2
2.6 milyon dolar
Konusu:
1956 Fransa'sında geçiyor. Bir rahip, manastırında gizemli bir şekilde öldürülür. Bu olay, Rahibe Irene'i (Taissa Farmiga) manastıra geri çağırır. Irene, manastırda Valak adında şeytani bir ruhun varlığını keşfeder. Valak, manastırda yaşayan bir grup çocuğu ele geçirmeye çalışır. Irene, Valak'ı durdurmak ve çocukları kurtarmak için bir grup insanla birlikte mücadele eder. Olaylar ilk filmdeki olayların bir devamı niteliğindedir. Rahibe Irene'in Valak'ı ilk kez karşılaştığı manastırda geçen film, Valak'ın daha da güçlü bir şekilde geri dönmesini konu alıyor.<|endoftext|>收到货款会计分录怎么写(颜雨)
收款会计分录的步骤是分析列出经济业务涉及的会计科目；分析会计科目的性质，如资产、负债等；分析各会计科目金额的增减情况；判断会计科目方向；做会计分录。
通过色谱法编制会计分录的步骤:
分析并列出经济业务中涉及的会计科目。
分析会计科目的性质，如资产和负债。
分析每个会计项目金额的变化。
结合各账户借贷双方反映的经济内容(增减)，可以判断会计科目的走向。
根据记账规则，即必须有贷款，且贷款必须相等，编制会计分录。
写会计分录时，要遵守先借后贷的原则。借贷要分开写，字数和金额要错开；在借入一笔以上贷款或借入一笔以上贷款的情况下，要求借款人或贷款人的文字和金额数字必须一致。<|endoftext|>The Wisdom of the Beguines: The Forgotten Story of a Medieval Women’s Movement
Hardback: Bluebridge, 2014
Buy now: [ Amazon ]
Reviewed by Michelle Wilbert
In this well researched, accessible, and highly readable short history, Laura Swan, professor of religious studies at St. Martin’s University in Lacey, Washington, has opened the door to an exploration of a little known spiritual movement that flourished in the medieval period across Europe. Notable for its vigor, clarity of vision, and vocational integrity, it is made remarkable by the singular fact of gender: this was a woman’s movement that aspired to provide its members with real options at a time when virtually none existed. It gave women ownership of their spiritual development and expression, a considerable level of economic and social independence, and a passionately expressed sense of community and purpose.
Beguines were not nuns, although they were committed to religious life; they lived in community – embracing the familiar foundations of simplicity and chastity – and provided a startling array of ministries to the towns and villages where they established themselves: teaching, healing the sick, feeding the hungry, caring for orphans, widows and other women in need or those rejected by society for failing to meet the established norms of church and community. They were robustly successful businesswomen, primarily in various handicrafts – at which they excelled, often forming their own guilds – and in real estate, where they bought, sold, and rented properties; they were bookmakers and illustrators, responsible for some of the most beautiful prints and illuminations of their day and credited with painstakingly copying and providing books to people who would otherwise never have had them long before Gutenberg invented his printing press.
This economic self-sufficiency allowed them to choose their own ministries as they were entirely self-supporting and thereby created for themselves a virtually unprecedented degree of freedom and independence. They were mystics devoted to a life of prayer and contemplation, but they were “contemplatives in action,” to quote the early Jesuit, Jerome Nadal (1507-1580), their ministries animated by a highly individualized interior spiritual guidance that provided the infrastructure for their lives and work. They were particularly committed to providing ministry to the most vulnerable in society: the poor, women and children, the ill and infirm, the aging and dying. They struggled through accusations of heresy and persecution by the Inquisition, although – astonishingly – very few were ever convicted or martyred.
Beguines have existed in regionally distinctive ways from the 13th century to the present day—even before the death of the woman known as the “last Beguine,” Marcelle Patten, who died in Bruges, Belgium, in 2013, young women across Europe had become Beguines, living alone and in small, informal groups, such that the interest in this community of devout, socially conscious and committed Christian women seems be an evolving, spiritually vigorous and lasting movement. Within that context, a rather fascinating religious and social phenomenon of the medieval era has left enormous guidance and gifts to the church of our day. This fine book is a worthy addition to the library of anyone seriously interested in searching for fresh inspiration from the past for new directions for the church and the world.
The narrative structure of the book is compelling and well organized with an easy and readable pace. Professor Swan’s introduction followed by the subsequent chapters devoted to outlining the various structures, ministries and spiritualities of the Beguine movement is wonderfully animated by her own curiosity and desire to examine her subject more closely – even intimately – seeking to bring the Beguine movement out of relative obscurity, while hoping for – and finding –a complexity and relevance fascinating in its own right and highly adaptable to the post-modern church. There are few well-articulated “women’s movements” within church history, and to find such a powerful and yet charmingly warm and accessible example of it within the context of the medieval church, culture and society is startling and her own delight in this discovery shines on every page. The writing is most compelling when she shares anecdotes about individual Beguines – and there are many such; if there is a shortcoming in this book, it may be found in the overabundance
|
8,547 | 3 | 1 |
Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes, Verso, 1998.
3 - Molara Ogundipe Leslie, Re-Creating Ourselves. African Women and Critical Transformations, Africa World Press, 1994.
4 - Per avere un esempio della delicatezza dei rapporti fra le due “sponde” basti leggere questa riflessione di Bogumil Jewsiewicki sulla corrente di storiografia africana ispirata ai lavori di Cheikh Anta Diop: «Molti storici occidentali che sarebbero preparati a discutere le questioni relative alla teoria della negritudine faraonica, se questo dibattito potesse essere condotto nei giusti termini, non lo fanno perché non vogliono offendere la sensibilità degli altri colleghi africani» (One Historiography or Several? A Requiem for Africanism, in Bogumil Jewsiewicki e David Newbury (a cura di), African Historiographies, Sage Publications, 1986, p. 10, questa come le altre traduzioni sono a cura dell’autrice se non indicato diversamente).
5 - Nel corso delle recenti giornate svoltesi al CNRS di Parigi su «Les Etudes Africaines en France», l’antropologo Jean-Loup Amselle ha sostenuto con forza tale posizione, anticipando nella sua comunicazione parte del suo prossimo saggio.
6 - La querelle del pensiero femminista non occidentale nei confronti di quello occidentale e ancora più specificatamente dell’antropologia femminista occidentale non riguarda ovviamente solo il continente africano. La questione è abbastanza complessa e meriterebbe ampia trattazione; mi limiterò a riportare una riflessione sull’argomento dell’antropologa francese Nicole-Claude Mathieu che, in risposta alle accuse di etnocentrismo rivolte all’antropologia femminista occidentale, scrive: «le accuse di etnocentrismo alle donne che insistono sull’oppressione delle donne da parte degli uomini nelle società altre, non sono in effetti che una nuova metamorfosi, colpevolizzata, dello stesso etnocentrismo: considerare le società occidentali come ‘a parte’, con il pretesto che esse opprimono altre società...» (Nicole Claude Mathieu, Critiche epistemologiche sulla problematica dei sessi nel discorso etno-antropologico, «DWF», n.10-11, 1989, p. 47). Per una lettura delle tesi del femminismo non occidentale si legga Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Under Western Eyes. Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses, in Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths, Helen Tiffin, The Post-Colonial Studies Reader, Routledge, 1995, pp. 259-263. Per una descrizione articolata e al tempo stesso sintetica dell’intera problematica si consultino le belle pagine che Mila Busoni ha scritto in Genere, sesso, cultura, Carocci, 2000.
7 - Commentando il principio del “first things first” contenuto nella poesia di Felix Mthali «Letter to a Feminist Friend», secondo il quale la priorità delle donne africane doveva essere la decolonizzazione e non l’emancipazione, Ogundipe Molara Leslie scrive: «Non si sa bene come, per chissà quale miracolo, sia possibile liberare una società o un paese, mentre la liberazione delle donne di quella società deve avvenire solo in un secondo momento – prima le cose importanti!» (Re-Creating Ourselves, cit., p. 72).
8 - A. M. Iman, Amina Mama, Fatou Sow (a cura di), Engendering African Social Sciences, CODESRIA, 1997.
9 - Sulla “tradizione coloniale maschile” si veda: Denise Paulme (a cura di), Femmes d’Afrique Noire, Mounton, 1960; Caroline Ifeka-Moller, Female Militancy and Colonial Revolt, in S. Ardener (a cura di), Perceiving Women, Malaby Press, 1975; Terence Ranger, L’invenzione della tradizione nell’Africa coloniale, in Eric J. Hobsbawm e Terence Ranger (a cura di), L’invenzione della tradizione, Einaudi, 1987 [1983].
10 - Sui limiti degli studi e delle politiche per lo sviluppo applicate alla questioni di genere portate avanti nel continente africano dalle agenzie internazionali dello sviluppo, in programmi come il WID (Women in Development), il WAD (Women and Development) e il GAD (Gender and Development), hanno scritto molte studiose femministe africane, tra cui il gruppo di ricercatrici attive sulla scena sudafricana. Cfr. Ruth Meena, Gender in Southern Africa: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues, SAPES Books, 1992; Amina Mama, Women’s Studies and Studies of Women in Africa During the Nineties, CODESRIA, 1996.
11 - C.T. Mohanty, Under Western Eyes, cit., p. 260.
12 - Cfr. bell hooks, Elogio del margine, Feltrinelli, 1998. A questo proposito Werewere Liking, intellettuale e scrittrice camerunese, afferma: «La maggior parte delle donne che mi hanno ispirata sono donne tradizionali... donne della strada, donne che si battono quotidianamente per fare andare avanti le cose, donne dei mercati africani che si svegliano alle quattro del mattino e vanno a dormire alle due di notte perché la vita continui, donne anonime: sono loro ad avermi dato molte lezioni sul potere della donna» (mia intervista del 11/05/2002, Rouen, Francia, inedito).
13 - Si tratta ovviamente di reti informali e formali. La prima rete formale e internazionale delle donne africane è stata l’AAWORD-AFARD, associazione delle donne africane per la ricerca e lo sviluppo, fondata negli Stati Uniti nel 1977 da femministe africane-americane, africane anglofone, francofone e lusofone. Negli anni successivi sono nate reti a base nazionale, come “Women in Nigeria”, “Zimbabwe Women’s Action Group”, “Tanzanian Media Women’s Association”. Cfr. a questo proposito A. Mama, Women’s Studies and Studies of Women in Africa During the Nineties, cit.<|endoftext|>Pilgrim’s Progress Study and Application Questions
Community Baptist Church Ladies’ Study, October 11, 2016
Chapter 18 pgs. 84-93
1. In the first paragraph, upon Christian’s first meeting of Faithful, what caused him to smile “with a sense of self-congratulation?
2. What happened next? What can we learn from it?
3. Look up 1 Corinthians 12:10 & Ecclesiastes 4:9-10. Can you think of a time in your life when these were acted out in living color? Recount and record what impact it has had on your life.
4. The life experience between believers varies; we are not cookie cutter molds. Faithful did not fall into the Slough of Despond, but he was propositioned by who? What did she promise? What could she not give?
5. This temptress is alive and well in our day. What means, both modern and timeless, of solicitation might be used by her against us?
6. Whom did Faithful meet at the foot of the Hill of Difficulty?
7. List his daughters’ names and provide a description (or the nature) of their characteristics.
8. What was the warning written on the old man’s forehead and what are the implications of this warning for us?
9. Who was it that overtook Faithful as swift as the wind? And how was he treated?
10. Who was it that came along and demanded the assault cease?
11. Whom did Faithful meet in the Valley of Humiliation? What does he try to persuade him to do and for what reason?
12. How does Faithful respond?
13. Have you ever conversed with Discontent? What has been your reply?
14. With what truths from God’s Word (provide passages) can you fight this enemy?
15. The next enemy Faithful encounters is Shame. According to Faithful what name would have been more appropriate?
16. What were some of Shame’s gripes with “religion”?
17. What comments provided by Faithful in regards to shame might be helpful when you encounter this foe?<|endoftext|>The raising of livestock animals, such as cattle (for beef and leather) or sheep (for mutton and wool), is a factor contributing to land use patterns -- which in turn impacts ecosystems such as forests.
- Livestock directly use and impact land -- either intensively as in Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) or extensively in pasture lands -- and also indirectly impact demand for use of land when they are fed grains and other crops, by creating demand for the land used to grow such feed crops.
Livestock are also a factor in greenhouse gas emissions, both directly due to direct emissions (such as methane from the animals' digestive processes), as well as indirectly such as due to changes in land use (e.g. deforestation) resulting from the use of land for raising livestock.
Cattle are raised for meat (beef) and hides (leather).
- From Source to Sink: Reducing Commodity Agriculture's Impacts on Natural Lands - This summary of a larger recent National Wildlife Federation white paper provides an overview of contributions to land use change and climate change by commodity agricultural products such as soy, palm oil, biofuels, and cattle. It also offers a brief overview of supply and demand-side programs that may offer solutions.
- Slaughtering the Amazon - This June 2009 report by Greenpeace found that "The cattle sector in the Brazilian Amazon is the largest driver of deforestation in the world," and was "responsible for 14% of the world’s annual deforestation."
- Poultry - chickens, etc.
- 2-5 May 2011, St. Louis, Missouri, USA: International Biomass Conference and Expo. (Themes: bio-based products, livestock waste, energy crops, forest biomass, technology, waste)
- 4-6 May 2010, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA: 2010 International BIOMASS Conference & Expo. (Themes: crop residues, energy crops, wood residues, livestock and poultry wastes, MSW)
- 26-27 August 2009, Sao Paulo, Brazil: International Workshop on Solutions to Deforestation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Caused by Cattle Expansion - Hosted by the National Wildlife Federation in partnership with Amigos da Terra, Allianca da Terra,Imazon, Forest Footprint Disclosure and Greenpeace (Themes: forests, Brazil, deforestation, GHG emissions, REDD, cattle)
Some key organizations working on this issue include:
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) - a research organization that "conducts inter-disciplinary scientific studies on environmental, economic, technological, and social issues in the context of human dimensions of global change." In 2009, was involved in studying impacts of livestock on land use.
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) - ILRI works to "generate knowledge and technologies designed to reduce poverty, hunger, disease and environmental degradation in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia."
- Could palm oil help save the Amazon?, 14 June 2011 by Mongabay.com: "According to analysis by Brazil's agricultural research agency Embrapa, more than 2 million square kilometers of the Brazilian Amazon is suitable for oil palm cultivation — an area four times the size of France."
- "Done right, oil palm could emerge as a key component in the effort to save the Amazon rainforest. Responsible production there could even force changes in other parts of the world."
- "Planted on the degraded pasture land that abounds in the Brazilian Amazon, oil palm could generate more jobs and tax revenue than the dominant form of land use in the region: low intensity cattle ranching."
- "If it replaces pasture, not forest, oil palm could buffer the forest frontier against fire, maintain and restore ecological functions like evapotranspiration, and help intensify cattle production in nearby areas (palm kernel, a byproduct of palm oil production, can serve a protein-rich feed)."
- "Whether Brazil's sustainable palm oil push bears fruit will be contingent on the Brazilian government's willingness to enforce policies and industry's desire to access premium markets."
- Statistical confirmation of indirect land use change in the Brazilian Amazon, 24 May 2011 by Eugenio Y Arima, Peter Richards, Robert Walker and Marcellus M Caldas in Environmental Research Letters; from the Abstract:
- "Expansion of global demand for soy products and biofuel poses threats to food security and the environment. One environmental impact that has raised serious concerns is loss of Amazonian forest through indirect land use change (ILUC), whereby mechanized agriculture encroaches on existing pastures, displacing them to the frontier. This phenomenon has been hypothesized by many researchers and projected on the basis of simulation for the Amazonian forests of Brazil....The present article [utilizes] a spatial regression model capable of linking the expansion of mechanized agriculture in settled agricultural areas to pasture conversions on distant, forest frontiers. In an application for a recent period (2003–2008), the model demonstrates that ILUC is significant and of considerable magnitude...."
- Brazil: Amazon rainforest deforestation rises sharply, 19 May 2011 by BBC News: "Satellite images show deforestation increased from 103 sq km in March and April 2010 to 593 sq km (229 sq miles) in the same period of 2011, Brazil's space research institute says."
- "Much of the destruction has been in Mato Grosso state, the centre of soya farming in Brazil."
- "Some environmentalists argue that rising demand for soy and cattle is prompting farmers to clear more of their land."
- "But others see a direct link between the jump in deforestation and months of debate over easing an existing law on forest protection."
- "'You have 300-400 lawmakers here in Brasilia sending the message that profiting from deforestation will be amnestied, that crime pays,' Marcio Astrini from Greenpeace told Reuters."
- World's largest beef company signs Amazon rainforest pact, 29 April 2011 by Mongabay.com: "The world's largest meat processor has agreed to stop buying beef from ranches associated with slave labor and illegal deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, according to the public prosecutor's office in the state of Acre. The deal absolves JBS-Friboi from 2 billion reals ($1.3 billion) in potential fines and paves the way for the firm to continue selling meat to companies concerned about their environmental reputation."
- "Under the terms of the deal, JBS agreed to stop buying cattle from areas embargoed by environmental inspection agencies and lands classified as conservation units or indigenous territories, unless the management plans of those areas allow for livestock. Cattle production often occurs illegally in forests zoned for conservation or indigenous use and squatters are used as proxies to grab the land. JBS will also not buy cattle from ranches that have been convicted of labor abuses, including slave labor."
- "The deal could help curtail deforestation for cattle production — which accounts for the bulk of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon — but its effectiveness still hinges on local governance, where corruption remains a problem."
- Sugarcane Cools Climate, Study Finds, 17 April 2011 by Science Daily: "Brazilians are world leaders in using biofuels for gasoline. About a quarter of their automobile fuel consumption comes from sugarcane, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions that otherwise would be emitted from using gasoline. Now scientists from the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology have found that sugarcane has a double benefit. Expansion of the crop in areas previously occupied by other Brazilian crops cools the local climate. It does so by reflecting sunlight back into space and by lowering the temperature of the surrounding air as the plants 'exhale' cooler water."
- "The researchers emphasize that the beneficial effects are contingent on the fact sugarcane is grown on areas previously occupied by crops or pastureland, and not in areas converted from natural vegetation. It is also important that other crops and pastureland do not move to natural vegetation areas, which would contribute to deforestation."
- See the full study in the journal Nature Climate Change, "Direct impacts on local climate of sugar-cane expansion in Brazil"
- Cows' guts yield clues for new biofuels, 28 January 2011 by One India News: "A new study has found dozens of previously unknown microbial enzymes in the bovine rumen -- the cow's primary grass-digestion chamber -- that contribute to the breakdown of switchgrass, a renewable biofuel energy source."
- "After incubating the switchgrass in the rumen for 72 hours, researchers conducted a genomic analysis of all of the microbes that adhered to switchgrass. They cloned some of these genes into bacteria, and successfully produced 90 proteins of interest. They found that 57 percent of these proteins demonstrated enzymatic activity against cellulosic plant material."
- Scientists Question EPA's Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimates, 28 June 2010 by azocleantech.com: "The approach the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural anaerobic lagoons that treat manure contains errors and may underestimate methane emissions by up to 65%, according to scientists".
- "An interdisciplinary team of scientists from the University of Missouri evaluated the EPA and IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] approach to estimate greenhouse emissions from anaerobic lagoons." They "documented errors in the approach, which the EPA and IPCC adapted from a method used to estimate methane production from anaerobic digesters." Additionally, the team "found that uncovered anaerobic lagoons were more efficient at converting waste to methane than predicted using literature based on digesters."
- See the paper, An Evaluation of the USEPA Calculations of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Anaerobic Lagoons.
- Big Meat: Fueling Change or Greenwashing Fuel?, 3 June 2010 by Anna Lappé in The Atlantic: "On January 13, 2009, Tyson—one of the world's largest processors of chicken, beef, and pork — and the fuel company Syntroleum broke ground in Geismar, Louisiana, on a 'renewable' diesel plant. The fuel will be produced in part with Tyson factory farm byproducts, including animal fat and poultry litter."
- "Tyson claims these facilities produce eco-friendly, cleaner-burning fuels from scraps that would otherwise be wasted. But critics beg to differ, arguing that the fuel doesn't actually burn any cleaner and, worse, that these plants incentivize intensive livestock production and processing methods that are decidedly bad for the environment and the climate. They charge that this fuel is renewable only in the narrowest sense, if you ignore the complete life cycle of its production. The fuels depend on energy-intensive, greenhouse-gas-emitting confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), which require feed raised with methods that deplete topsoil and overuse synthetic fertilizer, contributing to carbon dioxide emissions."
- Surging costs hit food security in poorer nations, 6 June
|
8,547 | 3 | 2 |
更深，穿上外套抵御寒冷，在便利店后面的地方转了一圈。他说，我猜他们停在这里。所以他们也可能在这里变了。也许他们把旧夹克弄坏了。刀子也一样，可能。<|endoftext|>محمود واعظی در دیدار نوروزی با فعالان بخش خصوصی با مقایسه وضعیت اینترنت ایران گفت: در حوزه اینترنت و آنچه به مردم ارایه می شود بسیار عقب هستیم و این عقب ماندگی هم در حوزه پهنای باند، هم دسترسی و هم سرعت است.
به گزارش گرداب و به نقل از ایسنا، وزیر ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات در دیدار با اعضای شورای مرکزی سازمان نظام صنفی رایانهای کشور وضعیت زیرساخت اینترنت در کشور را نامطلوب دانسته و بر همکاری بخش خصوصی برای خارج شدن از این وضعیت تاکید کرد.
محمود واعظی در دیدار نوروزی با فعالان بخش خصوصی با مقایسه وضعیت اینترنت ایران گفت: در حوزه اینترنت و آنچه به مردم ارایه میشود بسیار عقب هستیم و این عقب ماندگی هم در حوزه پهنای باند، هم دسترسی و هم سرعت است.
وی این تفکر را که با سرمایه گذاری دولت میتوان به مردم خدمت کرد، اشتباه دانسته و افزود: دولت تنها باید در زمینه زیرساخت حضور داشته باشد زیرا این حوزه نه برای بخش خصوصی صرفه اقتصادی داشته و نه آنها وارد این حوزه میشوند.
وزیر ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات با تاکید بر اینکه دولت به بخش خصوصی اعتماد دارد گفت: تا آنجا که امکان دارد از بخش خصوصی حمایت کرده تا فعال شود و کل امور را در دست بگیرد؛ زیرا غیر از این راهی وجود ندارد.
او ادامه داد: پروژههای مختلفی تعریف و بودجههایی نیز برای آن درنظر گرفته شده تا علاوه بر فراهم آوردن زیرساختهای مناسب زمینه خروج از شرایط کنونی نیز مهیا شود؛ زیرا شرایط کنونی مطلوب نیست.
به گفته او با همکاری بخش خصوصی میتوان جلوی شبه دولتیها را گرفت و باید کاری کرد که رقابت بین بخش خصوصی به صورت سالم پیش برود.
واعظی افزود: باید نقاط مشترک میان دولت و بخش خصوصی را پیدا کرده تا همه به سود برسند و حاصل کار نیز خدمت به مردم باشد.
او با اشاره به نحوه تعیین معاونان خود گفت: یکی از مولفههای تعیین معاونان، حامی بخش خصوصی بودن آنها بوده است زیرا اعتقاد بر آن است که کارها در دست بخش خصوصی باشد.<|endoftext|>Direct utilization of elemental sulfur for microporous polymer synthesis
Daejeon, Republic of Korea, October 4, 2016–Methane, a primary component of natural gas, has emerged recently as an important energy source, largely owing to its abundance and relatively clean nature compared with other fossil fuels. In order to use natural gas as a fuel, however, it must undergo a procedure called "hydrodesulfurization" or "natural gas sweetening" to reduce sulfur-dioxide emissions from combustion of fossil fuels. This process leads to excessive and involuntary production of elemental sulfur. Although sulfur is one of the world's most versatile and common elements, it has relatively few large-scale applications, mostly for gunpowder and sulfuric acid production.
Thus, the development of synthetic and processing methods to convert sulfur into useful chemicals remains a challenge. A research team led by Professor Ali Coskun from the Graduate School of EEWS (Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability) at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) has recently introduced a new approach to resolving this problem by employing elemental sulfur directly in the synthesis of microporous polymers for the process of natural-gas sweetening.
Natural gas, containing varying amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), is generally treated with amine solutions, followed by the regeneration of these solutions at increased temperatures to release captured CO2 and H2S. A two-step separation is involved in removing these gases. The amine solutions first remove H2S, and then CO2 is separated from methane (CH4) with either amine solutions or porous sorbents such as microporous polymers.
Using elemental sulfur and organic linkers, the research team developed a solvent and catalyst-free strategy for the synthesis of ultramicroporous benzothiazole polymers (BTAPs) in quantitative yields. BTAPs were found to be highly porous and showed exceptional physiochemical stability. In-situ chemical impregnation of sulfur within the micropores increased CO2 affinity of the sorbent, while limiting diffusion of CH4. BTAPs, as low-cost, scalable solid-sorbents, showed outstanding CO2 separation ability for flue gas, as well as for natural and landfill gas conditions.
The team noted that: "Each year, millions of tons of elemental sulfur are generated as a by-product of petroleum refining and natural-gas processing, but industries and businesses lacked good ideas for using it. Our research provides a solution: the direct utilization of elemental sulfur into the synthesis of ultramicroporous polymers that can be recycled back into an efficient and sustainable process for CO2 separation. Our novel polymeric materials offer new possibilities for the application of a little-used natural resource, sulfur, to provide a sustainable solution to challenging environmental issues."
This work was published online in Chem on September 8, 2016 and also highlighted in C&EN (Chemical & Engineering News) by the American Chemical Society (ACS) on September 19, 2016. The research paper was entitled "Direct Utilization of Elemental Sulfur in the Synthesis of Microporous Polymers for Natural Gas Sweetening." (DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2016.08.003)<|endoftext|>La regina Margherita II di Danimarca ha deciso di togliere i titoli reali a quattro dei suoi otto nipoti, ovvero i figli del principe Joachim, il più giovane dei suoi due figli. La motivazione – si legge in un comunicato – è «permettergli di vivere una vita più normale e indipendente dagli obblighi legati agli impegni reali». Con una dichiarazione – diffusa mercoledì 28 settembre – Palazzo di Amalienborg, residenza dei reali danesi, ha comunicato che «a partire dal primo gennaio 2023, i discendenti di Sua Altezza Reale, il principe Joachim, potranno usare solo i loro titoli di Conte e Contessa Monpezat (dal nome della famiglia del loro nonno defunto) e i loro precedenti titoli di principe e principessa di Danimarca cesseranno di esistere». Con questa decisione – che ricalca quelle già prese da altre famiglie reali europee – la Regina più longeva d’Europa, vuole creare un ambiente in cui siano i suoi nipoti a «determinare le loro esistenze in maniera molto più ampia senza essere limitati dagli obblighi reali». La decisione della Regina – che quest’anno ha festeggiato i 50 anni di regno – non è piaciuta alla contessa Alexandra di Frederiksborg, la madre di Nikolai e Felix ed ex moglie del principe Joachim, che ha detto ai media danesi, come riporta il Guardian, di essere «sconvolta». «I bambini ora – continua la contessa – non capiscono come mai siano stati privati della loro identità». Questa misura non coinvolgerà gli altri quattro nipoti, figli del primo erede al trono Federik. Loro, infatti, potranno mantenere i titoli, ma una volta raggiunta la maggiore età solo il principe Christian – il secondo erede al trono di Danimarca – riceverà una rendita annuale dalla famiglia reale.
La regina Margherita II di Danimarca toglie i titoli reali a quattro nipoti: polemiche a corte
La motivazione sarebbe quella di consentire ai giovani di vivere una vita più normale e indipendente dagli obblighi legati agli impegni reali<|endoftext|>Qui puoi conoscere la carriera e le curiosità sulla vita privata di Sharon Gans, leggere le notizie più recenti, trovare tutti i premi vinti e guardare le foto e i video.
BIOGRAFIA DI SHARON GANS
Tra i suoi film come interprete, ricordiamo:MATTATOIO 5
(1972),
I FILM PIÙ RECENTI DI SHARON GANS
Vai alla Filmografia completa<|endoftext|>Is tart cherry juice good for brain health?
Cognitive health is the ability to think clearly, remember, and learn new things.
Cognitive decline is a hallmark of aging. Other factors that contribute to this decline include an unhealthful diet, a lack of exercise, certain medications, and some health problems, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke.
The National Institute on Aging recommend following a healthful diet, staying physically and mentally active, and looking after our health to maintain our cognitive health in older age.
But, what exactly constitutes a healthful diet for our brains? From consuming more fiber or mushrooms to fasting or adopting a Mediterranean style diet, scientists make various bold claims about what we should be eating.
Now, tart cherries enter the mix, with researchers from the University of Delaware in Newark putting the fruit's juice to the test.
Tart cherries are a rich source of flavonoids, which are a type of polyphenol. These chemicals occur naturally in plants and have strong antioxidant properties, which some believe can protect us against cognitive decline.
'Contentment with memory' improved
Chai's study included 37 volunteers aged 65–80 years who had normal cognitive function. The study participants did not take any medication that could affect brain function, nor did they have a history of medical conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cancer, or traumatic brain injury.
The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups. They asked 20 participants to drink 2 cups of tart cherry juice every day for 12 weeks — one in the morning and one in the evening. They gave the other 17 participants a placebo drink that matched the juice in flavor, color, and sugar content but did not contain any cherry. The participants did not know which of the drinks they were receiving.
Chai explains in the paper that after 12 weeks, the tart cherry juice group saw a number of significant results:
- 5% increase in subjective contentment with memory
- 4% reduction in movement time
- 23% reduction in errors in episodic visual memory
- 3% improvement in visual sustained attention
- 18% reduction in errors during spatial memory working tasks
"Cognitive function is a key determinant of independence and quality of life among older adults," Chai comments on the findings.
"The potential beneficial effects of tart cherries may be related to the bioactive compounds they possess, which include polyphenols, anthocyanins, and melanin," she continues. "They may also be related to tart cherry's potential blood pressure-lowering effects, outlined in a previous study we conducted in the same population, as blood pressure can influence blood flow to the brain."
Industry funding and sugar content
Chai and her colleagues received funding from the Cherry Research Committee of the Cherry Marketing Institute, who also provided the Montmorency tart cherry concentrate that the team used in the study.
Chai explained to Medical News Today that the "funders had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis or interpretation, or writing of the manuscript. They did not review the manuscript before submission. Co-authors and I hold no position with this organization."
Chai told MNT that she envisions different ways that people could include tart cherry juice in their diet: "There are a variety of alternative ways to add [the] concentrate to their foods. For example, people can use it as salad dressing, add to yogurt, beverages, etc."
When MNT asked Chai about the extra sugar that the tart cherry juice may have added to the study participants' diet, she explained that, in many cases, the volunteers naturally compensated for this.
"Our 3-day food records show that the majority of the participants replaced their average daily sugar sweetened drink with the tart cherry juice or control drink," she said. "In addition, some participants [...] altered their dietary intake to compensate for the tart cherry juice or control drink. Therefore, there was no overall increase in energy intake and no significant increase in weight."
While the study had some interesting results that indicate a potential beneficial effect of tart cherry juice, it was very small. Chai agrees that a longer study with more participants is necessary.
"Future studies will address the mechanisms of action and bioavailability resulting from tart cherry exposure as well as [testing a lower dose]."
Sheau Ching Chai<|endoftext|>Nell'ambito del bando Cosmic Vision bandito da ESA nel 2006, ho collaborato, in quanto membro del comitato scientifico, alla stesura del razionale scientifico per lo strumento gamma-ray burst monitor da posizionarsi nel payload della missione Lobster per la stazione spaziale internazionale (ISS). Questo strumento ha il compito di ampliare la banda passante dello strumento principale (0.1-3.5 keV) fino a 10 keV, in modo da poter studiare l'emissione prompt dei GRB e di studiare l'ambiente in cui questi fenomeni hanno luogo (ad esempio attraverso la ricerca di linee di assorbimento e/o emissione transienti negli spettri).<|endoftext|>[原创设计]国产核动力外贸出口型大斜角运补母舰。
所谓的大斜角，是针对美国发明的斜角甲板而言。美制航母普遍采用小斜角甲板，目前为全球各国校仿对象。
这里提出大斜角概念。是一种牺牲平衡性的设计。通过现有造船技术在各个方面弥补平衡性。而利用平衡性极大的增加母舰的甲板面积。以提高战力和搭载量。
国产核动力外贸出口型大斜角运补母舰。 （中型航母+补给/运输三用）
舰长 342米。（水线 330米）舰宽 最宽部105米。 （水线宽度 52米）吃水深度 空载 6.5米。 标载 8米。 满载 13.2米。
船体构造 压水舱设计为 三叉戟型突出模式。以极大的提高防摇能力。压水舱外型设
计成四角凸菱模式而非传统的圆柱形，前后完整贯穿整个舰体。（三条）压水舱以上部分设计为宽胖型船体。 全舰水下部分设计多条大型全尺寸防摇鳃。
空载排水量 58000吨。 标准排水量 71100吨 满载排水量 116000吨。航速 12（节能） 20（标准） 26（最大） 。。24（战时最大 原因见缺陷说明）
自持力 120天。人员编制 5500人传动 6轴6驱动力系统 核动力轻水反应堆2X2+1 动能需求，大于140兆瓦。
弹射器，三条列阵电弹。
飞行跑道5条。其中弹射三条 滑跃2条 弹射跑道同样拥有小角度滑跃斜角。可同时起
飞5架飞机。降落跑道2条 可同时降落两机。滑跃跑道9.5度。 弹射跑道6.5度。。。(滑跃抬升部分距离严重压缩）跑道尺寸。 左右最外侧跑道 H1 H2 为 280米。滑跃抬升部分15米至9.5度。 左右内侧弹射跑道T1 T2 为280米。前 190米为弹射距离。后90米为载机预留空间
。中央弹射跑道ZH1距离 255米。全程为弹射距离。可以适应大型战略机种的弹射。（
空中加油、预警类)
中央舰桥设计。中央升降机设计。（纵向设计 一次四架）前置两具并行升降机，可以同时降下两架飞机。横向设计。无侧升降机。
平衡体甲板设计。重型设备集中在舰体中轴线上。舰首设计为日用淡水食物载荷部、生活部、增加舰首的载荷。
可考虑设计双层机库（高度足够）。或者下层设计为运输/补给仓库。注：该设计官兵生活舱较为紧张。位于运补仓库之上，机库之下的中间层。
甲板常规驻机。32架（J15）或者 34架（J16）非折叠机翼情况下仍能拥有三战机同
时起飞能力。。极限驻机64架情况下（完整J15尺寸）仅保留一条中央弹射通道。折叠机翼模式下驻机量目前缺乏尺寸数据无法计算。
机库需要视设计结构而定。因为舰桥在中部。需要考虑绕开摆放。无法计算驻机量。
特色：甲板厚度1米。甲板之下设计横向的平衡支撑通道。可以通行人员。在大斜面甲板两侧，设计垂直的外隔离反应侧漩。反应侧旋部分中央留有狭窄的升降
机。以执行救援任务。侧旋可以设计简易挂靠点。在低速航行中也能通过升降机和挂
靠船只交换舰上人员。侧旋的存在同时可以保证在最坏的情况下被掠海超低空的反舰导弹直接命中侧旋，也
不会导致损伤母舰本体。同时侧旋也有较大的自重以维护母舰的平衡性。（由于舰体非常特殊平衡性非常重要）——可供调整部分（实现有难度或者不可行）： 一、侧旋甲板设计为可少量调节向下高
度。可以设计一些活动支撑板水平放开。当母舰被迫进入恶劣海况下的时候。能提供
额外的平衡力。二、由于甲板远突出于舰体本身和斜向构造。以及侧面的反应侧旋。母舰本身构成了
升力体的气动布局，这个布局有利于母舰平衡性。可以考虑在反应侧旋的后部设计为
可左右调节。类似于飞机垂尾的那种气动布局。以提高母舰的转向能力。这个不知是
否有必要。模拟计算出的结论是该舰体升力外型会导致转向性降低。三、舰首电推技术应用可以改善转向性能。不知是否有技术储备。四、自身武装，自身武装装在反应侧旋上。母舰甲板之下每隔一段距离有一条横向支
撑作为
|
8,547 | 3 | 3 |
* 25 + 64 \* 3 + 4 \* y = 59 * 32
很容易就能解出y = 17.75。代入 floor((65\*25 + 64\*3 + 4\*y)/32) = 59，知 y = 18。
所以在y=18处放4扇门和一些村民并保证门前方块能看到天空就好了。
比如像这样在门前挖一个直通地表的洞。
如果你希望这一切看起来更自然一些，那么你还可以把地下伪装成一个人工矿井。
放门的时候请务必注意新添门对于村庄中心的影响。如果这四扇门不幸位于刷铁傀儡区域的正下方，由于水遮挡天光的特性，这四扇门会失效。
重新计算添加过门后的村庄中心，然后根据中心开始挖出铁傀儡的生成区域吧！以中心y=59为例
向下挖掉y=56的方块 向上挖掉y=62的方块，做成两层的刷铁傀儡区。
最后，随便找个房子的地下室，关进10只村民（确保在村庄中心上3格下4格内）。如果你把交易中心建在这个位置那就显得更自♂然了！
大功告成~再造一个无限繁殖中心，你就可以等着收铁和愉快地交易了233
## 稳定村庄
如果你不好好保护你的村庄，村庄便不会为你服务。
村民是一群相当智障的生物，还有僵尸这个相对高智商的天敌：
– 村民喜欢到处乱跑，有时候晚上还会一起挤进同一间小屋，导致其他门失去判定，进而使铁傀儡生成区域移位。
– 即使没有看见村民，僵尸依然会冲进村庄并尝试攻击村民
– 困难模式下的僵尸会破坏门，而你无法通过侧放门的方法防止门被破坏(那样村民不会进屋，门判定也会失效)。
– 不定期发生的僵尸围城可以把一个村庄彻底从硬盘中抹去。
相比起建造村庄，稳定一个村庄麻烦得多……
针对问题1：
你也许需要给关着控制人口的那10只村民的房屋上个锁，比如加上铁门防止外来村民进入。
在每间房子里关一只村民也许能解决门失去判定的问题，然而那样看起来不是很“自然”不是吗233
我的做法是在规划村庄时依照有效门判定，把功能性建筑均匀分布在了村庄各处：农场，交易中心，图书馆，Love Hotel 每处功能建筑放一只“值班”的村民，这样看起来即不突兀，又能保证所有门都被激活。当然相信各位读者绝对能想出比我这种更好的方法来！
针对问题2,3,4：
– 首先你得把村庄围起来以防止外来僵尸闯入
– 其次你得保证村庄各处亮度不低于8，以防常规刷怪刷出僵尸。
有条件的话可以使用Mod检查光照是否满足要求。
– 虽然通常没有必要建造人口容量超过20村民的村庄，但是以防万一还是讲一下如何防范僵尸围城：
Minecraft会在选定点x,z ± 8，y ± 3的范围内生成僵尸，也就是说只要该范围内没有可刷怪的点，那么僵尸围城就不会发生。
做法很简单：在区域内铺上两层下半砖或者上层下半砖下层水就行了。显然这项措施依赖于门判定失效的解决。<|endoftext|>Primi anni '70. Alice (Veerle Baetens) e Céline (Anne Coesens) sono vicine di casa e grandi amiche. Ma la loro amicizia viene meno quando il figlio di Céline, Maxime (Luan Adam), muore in un incidente stradale sotto gli occhi di Alice, che non riesce a fare nulla per evitare la disgrazia. Céline accusa Alice e sembra pronta a vendicarsi contro quell'amica ora diventata il suo nemico numero uno.<|endoftext|>Bryan Cranston e Vince Gilligan hanno rilasciato un'intervista in cui hanno fornito interessanti anticipazioni sul finale di Breaking Bad e la decisione di fare uno spin-off che potrebbe essere di tutt'altro genere rispetto al telefilm originale, ovvero una comedy. Spazio anche allo sviluppo del personaggio di Walter e a tante altre curiosità che vi invitiamo a leggere dopo il salto, se non temete le sorprese.
Attenzione spoiler! Riguardo la serie Vince Gilligan afferma di non averci mai pensato troppo, anche perché credeva che durasse tre stagioni, e per questo ringrazia il pubblico per essere arrivati a cinque stagioni e 62 puntate. Si è poi parlato del colpo di scena nel finale della prima midseason della quinta ed ultima stagione, in cui Hank trova il libro di Walt Whitman nel suo bagno, un fatto venuto in mente alla fine della quarta stagione all'autore, dopo averne discusso con gli sceneggiatori. Gilligan prosegue poi nel dire di aver scelto AMC poiché gli altri network avevano rifiutato il progetto per la tematica affrontata nel telefilm, ovvero un professore che cucina droga per fare soldi e assicurare un futuro alla sua famiglia dopo la sua morte, un cammino intrapreso insieme ai telespettatori, in cui il personaggio molto probabilmente è diventato cattivo sin dal primo episodio. Quando si decide di fare qualcosa, di diventare qualcuno che non si è mai stato, tutto diventa come una valanga, Walt ha perso la sua anima ed ha permesso che succedesse. L'attore ha definito il finale soddisfacente mentre l'autore rivela che in un primo momento il serial doveva essere ambientato nel Sud della California, ma poi Sony scelse il Nuovo Messico per una questione di tassazione più bassa, una scelta che ha trovato molto d'accordo Cranston. La tentazione di proseguire lo show con una sesta stagione era molto forte, ma le idee riguardo il finale erano molto chiare sin dall'inizio: una settimana fa c'è stato l'ultimo giorno di riprese, è stato tutto molto triste e commovente, e l'autore è molto soddisfatto per questi ultimi otto episodi. Lo spin-off vedrà come protagonista Saul (Bob Odenkirk) e potrebbe essere una comedy piuttosto che un drama: a Gilligan sarebbe piaciuto vedere Saul Goodman combattere "contro" la legge, nel senso di fare tutto fuori dai tribunali. L'autore aggiunge che sarebbe una bella idea, ma al momento non c'è nulla di certo.<|endoftext|>"Preparare la pentola prima di appiccar il fuoco alle legna; quando la pentola bolle è follia volerne crescere il bollore, appena levata la pentola dal fuoco, si tolgono le legna e si spengono i tizzi che sopravanzano per servirsene in parte un'altra volta."
- Scuole femminili di campagna - 1879 -
Nella mia prima esperienza letteraria "Donne da Ieri a Oggi", che seguiva le varie mostre sull'argomento, affrontavo il tema delle cucine di una volta.
La prima più rustica, ancora esisteva negli anni 70 del secolo scorso sull'Appennino e altrove, legata al procedimento di essiccazione di castagne e granturco, della quale ho già parlato in Pane Profumo di Pane (qui>>>) .
Il fuoco in terra al centro della stanza, sopra a mattoni refrattari, una catena appesa al soffitto di liste di castagno, dove appendere il paiolo o la campana.
Modello di fuoco semplice, aperto, che si ripeteva anche nelle cucine più antiche, direttamente sotto un grande camino, a volte a livello più alto per cucinare più agevolmente, ma sempre con l'inconveniente di riempire spesso i locali di fumo e con un'alta dispersione del calore.
- Cameriera che travasa la zuppa dal paiolo - seconda metà del XVIII secolo -olio su tela -
Poi, nella seconda metà del 1700, fece la sua comparsa Benjamin Thompson, conte di Rumford, eclettico personaggio con le sue avveniristiche idee sulla termodinamica e con i suoi esperimenti sulla natura del calore e tanto altro.
Potete trovare facilmente notizie in rete sulla sua figura di ingegnere, fisico, spia, inventore, che non si fermò agli studi sui camini e alla cottura dei cibi, visto che in un certo senso è anche l'inventore della tanto strombazzata oggi cottura “Low and Slow, ma fu ministro in Germania, commerciante in America, membro della Royal Society a Londra, avventuriero per il mondo, sposato con la vedova di Lavoisier a Parigi, dove è sepolto.
A questo link un articolo su di lui
Insomma qui lo cito per il focolare da lui inventato detto "caminetto di Rumford".
Come dai suoi studi si sia poi arrivati alla costruzione in tutte le case di una cucina in muratura, chiamata, guarda caso qui in Liguria, rumfò o ronfò, con un fuoco chiuso, dove una pentola bolle con pochi legnetti, mi è sconosciuto e mi manca il passaggio, ma si intuisce che il suono onomatopeico di "ronfò" riporta alla mente una storpiatura del nome Rumford.
Di fatto questo nuovo modello di cucina trattava di una costruzione in muratura con sul piano piastrellato una o più postazioni di fuoco, ottenute inglobando nella costruzione grossi contenitori rotondi di ghisa come braciere, con griglia, dove da uno sportello veniva infilata la legna e sopra messa la pentola, infilata a metà direttamente nel fuoco.
Un altro sportello sotto permetteva la pulitura dalla cenere.
Sul piano anche bocche quadrate sempre con griglia e sportello sotto, dove veniva posata la brace calda e con questa fatto scaldare un piccolo pentolino, una caffettiera.
Il fumo usciva da un'apertura sul retro del braciere e veniva convogliato in un tubo nascosto nel muro che portava al camino sul tetto.<|endoftext|>🔅همسفر تا بهشت🔆
🔻چند روزی بود که موضوعی ذهنش را مشغول کرده بود. می خواست برای زندگی اش تصمیم های مهمی بگیرد. برنامه ریزی هایی که زندگی اش را خدایی کند.
🔻رادیو رو روشن کرد، صحبت های رهبری پخش می شد: "خیلی از زن ها هستند؛ که شوهرانشان را بهشتی می کنند و خیلی از مردها ، زن هایشان را بهشتی می کنند... اگر زن و شوهر قدر این کانون خانوادگی را بدانند و برای آن اهمیت قائل باشند؛ زندگی، امن و آسوده خواهد شد و کمال بشری برای زن و شوهر در سایه ازدواج خوب ممکن خواهد شد.1 "
🔸برای بهشتی شدن برنامه های زیادی داشت. باید سریع شروع می کرد.
منبع:
1.سخنان رهبری در خطبه عقد: 10/2/1375<|endoftext|>روفتاپ پکیج یا همان پکیج یونیت، یک سیستم تهویه مطبوع یکپارچه است که به طور عمده بر روی سقف یا بام ساختمان نصب می شود. این سیستم شامل تهویه، گرمایش و سرمایش می باشد. روفتاپ پکیج ها به صورت کامل تجهیز شده اند و تمامی قطعات مورد نیاز برای ارائه خدمات تهویه و تغییر دما را شامل می شوند.
این سیستم ها به طور معمول از فن هایی با کارایی بالا، کمپرسورهای کوچک، پمپ های آب و سیستم های کنترل هوشمند برای تنظیم دما و تهویه استفاده می کنند. آنها می توانند به صورت خنک کننده در تابستان و گرم کننده در زمستان عمل کنند.
روفتاپ پکیج ها برای استفاده در محیط های کوچک مانند آپارتمان ها، اتاق های کوچک، دفاتر کوچک و فضاهای تجاری کوچک مناسب هستند. آنها از طریق یک سیستم لوله کشی که به سقف یا دیوار متصل می شود، هوا را در فضای مورد نظر توزیع می کنند.
روفتاپ پکیج ها به دلیل سادگی نصب و استفاده، هزینه کمتر نصب و نگهداری و کم مصرف بودن در برخی از موارد مورد توجه قرار می گیرند. همچنین، به دلیل ابعاد کوچک و قابلیت حمل و نقل آسان، می توانند به عنوان سیستم تهویه موقتی در مکان های مختلف استفاده شوند.
نحوه کارکرد
روفتاپ پکیج ها عملکرد خود را با استفاده از ترکیبی از تهویه، گرمایش و سرمایش انجام می دهند. در زیر، نحوه کارکرد این سیستم را توضیح می دهم:
تهویه: روفتاپ پکیج از فن هایی با کارایی بالا استفاده می کند تا هوای بیرونی را جذب کرده و به داخل فضا منتقل کند. این فن ها معمولاً در بالای سیستم قرار می گیرند و توانایی کنترل متغیر سرعت چرخش آنها را دارند. این فن ها هوا را از طریق فیلترها عبور می دهند تا از گرد و غبار و آلاینده های معلق پاکسازی شود.
گرمایش: در فصل سرد سال، روفتاپ پکیج می تواند به عنوان سیستم گرمایش عمل کند. این سیستم از یک کمپرسور و یک مبدل حرارتی برای انتقال گرمای موجود در هوای خارجی به هوای داخلی استفاده می کند. هوای خارجی از طریق مبدل حرارتی عبور کرده و گرم می شود و سپس به فضای داخلی منتقل می شود.
سرمایش: در فصل گرم سال، روفتاپ پکیج می تواند به عنوان سیستم سرمایش عمل کند. در این حالت، هوا از طریق یک سیستم فریزر عبور می کند که در آن توسط کمپرسور و رساننده های حرارتی، حرارت از هوا خارج می شود و هوا سرد می شود. سپس هوای سرد به فضای داخلی انتقال داده می شود تا محیط را خنک کند.
کنترل و مانیتورینگ: روفتاپ پکیج ها معمولاً دارای سیستم کنترل هوشمند هستند که عملکرد و پارامترهای مختلف را کنترل می کند. این سیستم ها می توانند شامل سنسورها و ترموستات ها باشند که دما و رطوبت را اندازه گیری و به سیستم ارسال می کنند. بر اساس اطلاعات دریافتی، سیستم کنترل به طور خودکار سرعت فن ها، عملکرد کمپرسور و سایر پارامترها را تنظیم می کند تا دما و تهویه مناسب را در فضای داخلی حفظ کند.
مهمترین نکته در مورد نحوه کارکرد روفتاپ پکیج این است که این سیستم ها به طور معمول برای استفاده در فضاهای کوچک طراحی شده اند و قابلیت نصب و استفاده آسان دارند.
مقایسه روفتاپ پکیج با هواساز صنعتی
مقایسه بین روفتاپ پکیج و هواساز صنعتی به عنوان دو سیستم متفاوت در تهویه مطبوع:
روفتاپ پکیج:
اندازه کوچک : روفتاپ پکیج ها به طور عمده به صورت سیستم کوچک طراحی شده اند و بر روی سقف یا بام ساختمان نصب می شوند.
نصب سریع و آسان: نصب و راه اندازی روفتاپ پکیج به طور کلی ساده تر است. آنها دارای کلیه قطعات مورد نیاز برای عملکرد تهویه، گرمایش و سرمایش هستند.
هواساز صنعتی:
قابلیت سفارشی سازی: هواسازهای صنعتی قابلیت سفارشی سازی بیشتری نسبت به روفتاپ پکیج ها دارند. آنها می توانند بر اساس نیازها و مشخصات محیطی خاص مشتریان تنظیم شوند و برای تهویه مطبوع در محیط های صنعتی و بزرگ مناسب تر هستند.
نصب مرکزی: هواسازهای صنعتی معمولاً به عنوان سیستم تهویه مرکزی در محیط های بزرگ و صنعتی نصب می شوند. آنها قادر به تأمین هوای تهویه شده برای یک یا چند ساختمان هستند.
قدرت و کارایی بالا: هواسازهای صنعتی برای پوشش مساحت بزرگتر و تأمین نیازهای بیشتر هوا در محیط های صنعتی مناسب هستند. آنها دارای ظرفیت بالاتری برای تهویه و تغییر دما هستند.
هزینه بالاتر: هواسازهای صنعتی معمولاً هزینه بیشتری نسبت به روفتاپ پکیج ها دارند، به دلیل اندازه بزرگتر، نیاز به تجهیزات بیشتر و نصب پیچیده تر.
در نهایت، انتخاب بین روفتاپ پکیج و هواساز صنعتی بستگی به نیازها و شرایط خاص شما دارد. در صورتی که برای یک فضای کوچک و نیازهای ساده به سیستم تهویه مطبوع نیاز دارید، روفتاپ پکیج ممکن است گزینه بهتری باشد. اما در صورتی که به تهویه مطبوع در محیط های صنعتی بزرگ نیاز دارید، هواساز صنعتی ممکن است برتری داشته باشد.
اجزا داخلی
در زیر، برخی از اجزا داخلی روفتاپ پکیج را نام میبریم:
کمپرسور: کمپرسور یکی از اجزای اصلی روفتاپ پکیج است. این قطعه برای فشرده کردن و فشار دادن ماده خنک کننده مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. این عمل باعث ایجاد فشار و دمای بالا در ماده خنک کننده می شود.
مبدل حرارتی: مبدل حرارتی نقش مهمی در روفتاپ پکیج دارد. این قسمت برای انتقال حرارت از ماده خنک کننده به هوای اطراف استفاده می شود. هنگامی که هوای بیرونی از مبدل حرارتی عبور می کند، گرما از ماده خنک کننده به هوا منتقل می شود.
فنها: فن ها در روفتاپ پکیج برای جریان هوا و تهویه مناسب استفاده می شوند. فن ها می توانند هوای بیرونی را جذب کرده و به داخل سیستم منتقل کنند و همچنین هوای داخل را از سیستم خارج کنند.
فیلترها: فیلترها در روفتاپ پکیج برای تصفیه هوا از ذرات معلق، گرد و غبار و آلاینده ها استفاده می شوند. این فیلترها جلوی ورود ذرات ناخواسته به سیستم را می گیرند و کیفیت هوای تهویه شده را بهبود می بخشند.
سیستم کنترل: روفتاپ پکیج ها دارای سیستم کنترل هوشم
|
8,547 | 4 | 0 |
ate del Niagara. Arrivate alle Cascate del Niagara dal lato degli Stati Uniti e scendete con l'ascensore nella Gola del fiume Niagara alla Cave of the Winds e poi salite a bordo della Maid of the Mist per avere una visione più ravvicinata delle cascate.
DESCRIZIONE
Tour in barca delle Cascate del Niagara USA
Esplorate le Cascate del Niagara con un tour di mezza giornata dagli Stati Uniti. Saltate la fila per i biglietti e salite in ascensore fino alla Gola delle Cascate del Niagara alla Cave of Winds, salite a bordo della Maid of Mist e godetevi la vostra avventura nel Niagara.
In questo tour di mezza giornata di 4-5 ore con partenza da New York, vedrete il lato migliore delle cascate del Niagara. Scoprite le principali attrazioni della cascata dal lato statunitense del Niagara. La guida vi verrà a prendere dal vostro alloggio a Niagara Falls, New York. Poi partirete per una fantastica esperienza di visione delle cascate del Niagara da diverse prospettive.
Per prima cosa, prenderete un ascensore alla Cave of the Winds, che vi condurrà in un viaggio di 175 metri nella Gola del Niagara. Indossate il mantello giallo brillante e le calzature impermeabili che vi vengono fornite mentre sentite la nebbia fresca che vi spruzza il viso. Avventuratevi lungo la passerella di legno fino al ponte dell'uragano. Salite poi sul famoso battello Maid of Mist e osservate la bellezza naturale del lungomare. Salite sulla torre di osservazione per ammirare le cascate American e Horseshoe.
Ammirate attrazioni come le 3 Sister Islands, le Whirlpool Falls e Luna Island. Visitate Goat Island per ammirare le American Falls, le Horseshoe Falls e le Bridal Veil Falls da diversi punti di osservazione. Il tour termina con il ritorno al vostro alloggio o a un luogo di vostra scelta nel centro di Niagara Falls, NY.
- Prelievo e riconsegna dell'hotel solo dal centro di Niagara Falls, New York
- Tour turistico per piccoli gruppi
- Guida
- Commento in diretta in inglese
- Ingresso alla Grotta dei Venti
- Ingresso alla Maid of the Mist (solo stagionalmente da maggio a ottobre)
- Ingresso alla Torre di osservazione americana
- Visitare l'Isola delle Capre
- Mance (facoltative)
- Cibo o bevande
- Inglese
Punto di incontro del tour
Ritiro incluso
Questo tour include un prelievo dalla maggior parte degli hotel del centro di Niagara Falls, New York. Il partner locale confermerà i dettagli esatti del prelievo dopo la prenotazione. Questo servizio non è disponibile per le località di Niagara Falls, Canada. Se soggiornate sul lato canadese, sono disponibili alcune opzioni. Contattare il partner locale dopo la prenotazione per discuterne.
Salite a bordo della Maid of the Mist e navigate vicino alle cascate del Niagara.
Il tour prevede una visita alla Observation Tower per godere di una vista spettacolare sulle cascate del Niagara.
Andate a Goat Island per ammirare le cascate Horseshoe, American Falls e Bridal Veil Falls.
Prenota ora il tour in barca delle Cascate del Niagara USA!
Rendete indimenticabile la vostra visita alle Cascate del Niagara!
Buono a sapersi prima di partire
- I bambini devono essere prenotati con un numero di adulti non inferiore a 2.
- Ogni bambino che utilizza un tag-along o un seggiolino per bicicletta deve essere accompagnato da un adulto.
- Si prega di notare che la durata totale del tour è flessibile e regolabile in base alla velocità media del gruppo, e può essere al massimo di mezz'ora in meno o in più rispetto all'orario indicato.
- Per i bambini da 0 a 4 anni sono previsti seggiolini gratuiti.
- Assicuratevi di portare un documento di identità per ogni partecipante.
- I pasti per i bambini da 0 a 4 anni devono essere pagati sul posto, se necessario (massimo 15 €).
- Le visite guidate funzionano in caso di pioggia o di sole. Si prega di vestirsi in modo adeguato.
- Tutti i clienti di età pari o inferiore a 17 anni devono essere accompagnati da un genitore o da un tutore.
- Questa attività rimane negli Stati Uniti e non entra in Canada.
- Si tratta di un tour per piccoli gruppi di circa 6 persone.
- Il ritiro gratuito è disponibile solo a Niagara Falls, New York
- Si prega di notare che la Maid of the Mist opera stagionalmente solo da maggio a ottobre. L'ingresso all'Aquarium of Niagara sostituisce il battello in bassa stagione.
- Si prega di notare che la durata del tour potrebbe essere più breve o più lunga di quella indicata a causa del traffico e di altri fattori al di fuori del controllo del partner locale.
FAQ - I migliori tour delle Cascate del Niagara dagli USA
È possibile visitare le cascate del Niagara dal lato degli Stati Uniti?
È possibile visitare il parco statale delle Cascate del Niagara dagli Stati Uniti. Se visitate le Cascate del Niagara dal lato degli Stati Uniti, potete avvicinarvi alle tre principali cascate del Niagara del parco statale: le American Falls, le Bridal Veil Falls e le Horseshoe Falls.
Tuttavia, se non prenotate un tour, potrete vedere le cascate solo di profilo o dall'alto verso il basso. Se volete ottenere di più dal vostro viaggio, cercate i pacchetti vacanza per le Cascate del Niagara, come il Niagara Attraction Pass, con il quale potrete salire a bordo del battello Maid of Mist delle Cascate del Niagara.
È possibile visitare le Cascate del Niagara da New York?
Sono disponibili pacchetti turistici per le Cascate del Niagara USA da New York. New York dista circa 400 miglia (643 km) dalle Cascate del Niagara. Poiché ci vogliono circa 6-7 ore per raggiungere le Cascate del Niagara da New York, l'autobus turistico parte la mattina presto (intorno alle 4:00).
Quanto costa andare alle Cascate del Niagara, USA?
È sempre possibile visitare il Niagara Falls State Park gratuitamente, poiché non è previsto un biglietto d'ingresso per entrare nel parco. Ma se volete vivere appieno l'esperienza delle Cascate del Niagara, potete prenotare un tour ed esplorare tutto ciò che si trova a Niagara Falls. Ci sono anche molte altre opzioni di tour e gite di un giorno disponibili online se state visitando le Cascate del Niagara dal lato degli Stati Uniti: potete scegliere tra tour privati con una guida turistica professionista, tour a piedi o un tour personalizzato di questa maestosa meraviglia naturale che sono le Cascate del Niagara.
Prenota ora il tour turistico delle Cascate del Niagara dagli Stati Uniti!
Processo di prenotazione facile e veloce
Vi piace quello che vedete? Prenotate oggi stesso il vostro tour del Niagara Falls State Park!
Il miglior tour delle Cascate del Niagara
Jimmy, la nostra guida, è stato fenomenale!!! Eravamo puntuali ovunque. Era pieno di conoscenze locali. Il pulmino spinter pulito era comodo. Mia madre ha problemi di deambulazione ed è stata assistita in modo adeguato. Le notifiche sono state ottime e chiare. Assicuratevi di prendere un drink o forse potrebbero offrire una bottiglia d'acqua. 5 stelle!
Tour in barca delle Cascate del Niagara USA
È stato uno dei migliori tour a cui abbia mai partecipato. Siamo riusciti a vedere tutte le principali attrazioni del parco statale e la vista delle cascate dalla Skylon Tower è semplicemente mozzafiato. Durante il tempo libero, abbiamo visitato l'Old Fort Niagara e il Butterfly Conservatory.
Perché aspettare? Prenotate subito il tour in barca delle Cascate del Niagara USA!
- Salite a bordo del famoso battello Maid of the Mist e ammirate da vicino le cascate del Niagara.
- Cancellazione gratuita fino a 24 ore prima<|endoftext|>Astros (in greco: Άστρος o Μεσογείο Άστρος) è una città sita vicino al Golfo dell'Argolide, nel nord-est del Peloponneso nell'Arcadia dell'est. Sia il nome che l'insediamento risalgono ai tempi antichi, quando era noto come Astron.
Astros è la sede della municipalità di Nord Kynouria (in greco: Βόρεια Κυνουρία), che è la più grande d'Arcadia e ha il maggior numero di comunità e insediamenti. Astros è raggiungibile con la strada di collegamento Tripoli, Argo, Tyros, Leonidio e Monemvasia verso sud. Il suo porto, Paralio Astros, si trova ad est e leggermente a nord del paese dell'entroterra.<|endoftext|>Rediscovering the Exodus 6
That Which Has Been Written
In my previous articles on the Exodus, I wrote about the fable about Moses's name being Moshe, a Hebrew word meaning to draw out, as in to 'draw out of the water' a reminder of the baby in the basket inference. But this was an addition, a post exilic Rabbinic creation. And we know this for a fact because in their commentaries to the Torah, they admit it freely that they knew that the word 'mehshitihu' only had the barest resemblance to the name Moshe and that an Egyptian princess would never have used, let alone known the Hebrew language. But although they admit this literary flight of fancy, they also refused to admit what the name really meant even though they knew that it was a shortening of the Egyptian meaning ‘son of’. And in that article, I wrote of the likelihood that Nunmose or Nunmoses was probably the actual name of Moses. And being the primordial god of the river, the Egyptian god that was there at the beginning of all things, it is understandable how the story of drawing the baby from the Nile was born. Later in the article http://hubpages.com/hub/Rediscovering-the-Exodus-2 I mentioned that the likelihood of the Egyptians even mentioning the Exodus of 15,000 slaves was unlikely, but as I will discuss in a later article, the plagues were a completely different matter. And there is evidence through extrapolation of events in Amenhotep III’s reign that a catastrophe of biblical proportions did take place. Throw in the fact that the Exodus was led by a renegade prince from the Great House, his own son, and it is understandable that the events were stricken from Egyptian historical records as was the common practice for all embarrassments to the royal household. Do we have an indication of any such son of Amenhotep that was erased from history, yes we do, because even with the best attempts to erase memories, there is always something overlooked. And then in the article http://hubpages.com/hub/Rediscovering-the-Exodus-3 I quote from the Book of Jasher, “But the tribe of Levi did not at that time work with the Israelites their brethren, from the beginning, for the children of Levi knew the cunning of the Egyptians which they exercised at first toward the Israelites.” And from this I suggested that the Levites were actually an Egyptian priestly caste that for reasons unknown threw their lot in with the Hebrew slaves at the time of the Exodus. Conjecture would say that in some way, the Levites did something that offended Pharaoh and therefore lost any status that they once held in Egypt. And sure enough, we have record of a priestly rebellion amongst the priests of Heliopolis that ultimately failed and was put down by Amenhotep III. And then we have other stories, stories which I inferred in http://hubpages.com/hub/Rediscovering-the-Exodus-4 talk about Moses’ role in conquering the Cushites or Nubians. A role which in Egyptian history is attributed to this disgraced son of Amenhotep III. And there are other stories that state this conqueror of Ethiopia later rebelled against his Egyptian Pharaoh. His punishment was never defined but we know that the man responsible was never caught or slain. It would have been something that the Amenhotep III would have made certain never got recorded in his own royal chronicles. And the pharaoh might even banish his son to one of the religious cities where it would be expected that he could do no harm.
Much of the preceding events indicated will be discussed in subsequent articles, but more importantly we must ask ourselves, if Moses was truly a Egyptian Prince, a prince of the blood, did he leave us any clues to confirm this? Because if we believe the great Law Giver was far more than the average slave, a man of destiny, of privilege, of intelligence then that part of him that was Egyptian would want to ensure that his life was never obscured; that it was immortalized no differently from those buried in their pyramids and royal tombs. The likelihood of his displacement, of his history being rewritten was already evident to him through the numerous insurrections, rebellions, and challenges he had to face, especially from those closest to him. Knowing all this, then someone like Moses would attempt to leave a trail of evidence that would go unnoticed by most but for those taking the advice of an Anan ibn David, or a Kirkisani, they would search for the truth, the logic of it all, and they would find that which was purposely left behind to be rediscovered. And just how would Moses accomplish such a feat? He would do so by leaving this trail of bread crumbs scattered through the Torah, but so sublime that it would be overlooked completely and not recognized for just how Egyptian it truly was. Something completely overlooked by those he knew would attempt to make revisions of the sacred book in the future. And the obvious choice for a man raised and educated in the Great House would be to use something that no other culture had at that time and that was Egyptian mathematics. The most extensive Egyptian mathematical text that we have available is called the Ahmes Papyrus or Rhind Papyrus dated to c. 1650 BC but likely a copy of an older document from the Middle Kingdom of about 2000-1800 BC. This papyrus provides evidence of a mathematical knowledge that included composite and prime numbers as well as arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means. Prime numbers are the key here since there is no known formula that yields all of the prime numbers and no composites. The distribution of primes, by calculating the statistical behaviour of primes was only modelled in a proven statement since the end of the 19th century. So there use in ancient Egypt were intentional and could never have occurred randomly or coincidentally. As I have always said, there are no coincidences. And since the knowledge of Prime Numbers was exclusively the domain of Egyptian scientists, the high priesthood and the Royal Family, then their incorporation into the Torah would have been intentional. And if intentional, then Moses was using them to make a statement.
On this premise, the inclusion of a string of prime numbers in the Torah would be the means by which Moses would be clearly pronouncing his Egyptian heritage. His vehicle for stating that he was raised not only in the Great House, but would have also attained the higher learning of the high priesthood. We know that the Prince Tuthmose was installed in the high priesthood of Heliopolis following his conquest of Ethiopia. A strange reward for someone that should have been hailed as the next conqueror and heir apparent. In the twenty-third year of his father’s reign, Tuthmose suddenly disappears, never to be heard from again. Two years later, Amenhotep’s reign ends. Far from coincidences but actual facts.
So where are these prime numbers? Placed exactly where they would go unnoticed because they would be hidden in plain sight. In the one book where Moses knew statements bordering on the fantastical could be readily accepted; that book being Genesis, incorporating the legendary stories of the ancient traditions. As Karaites, we learn from the Book of Genesis the morals and origins that shaped our civilization but as both Anan ibn David and Kirkisani stated, we must use logic and build our faith not on the literal translation but on the intent. As we read about the incredible ages of our ancestors, we have a choice; either accept them as actual ages or look for something deeper. Firstly, it matters little that Adam lived for 930 years or Methuselah 969 and but yet they are included in the Torah with no seeming purpose. Until we look at Adam’s age, made up of the four prime numbers 2, 3, 5 and 31. Each number unique and used only once. Just like Enosh, consisting of the two prime numbers 5 and 181, and his son Kenan consisting of 2, 5, 7 ,13, and his son Mahalel consisting of two prime number 5 and 179, and his son Jared consisting of three prime numbers 2, 13 and 37, and his son Enoch consisting of two prime numbers 5 and 73. This trend continues with Enoch’s son Methuselah, 3, 17 and 19, his son Lamech 3, 7 and 37, and his son Noah, 3, 11 and 29, and his son Shem 2, 7 and 43, and his son Arpachshad 2, 3, and 73, and his son Shelah consisting of a single prime number 433. From the above list, only Seth, Adam’s son has an age that does not consist of single use prime numbers. It would appear that it was Moses’ intent to highlight Seth as being different for another purpose. So out of a possible thirteen ages, twelve are purposely derived from the multiplication of prime numbers used only once. Clearly intentional and serving a specific purpose. Only when we reach Shelah who’s age is derived from a single prime number does the trend stop once more with his son Eber who’s age like that of Seth’s consists of multiple use of the same prime number. But Eber’s son Peleg consists of a single prime number 239, as does his son Reu, also 239. Clearly Eber was to be highlighted, framed between generations using only single prime numbers, an obvious change of trend from the previous ages. And Reu’s son Serug is a return to three prime numbers 2,5 and 23 and his son Terah once more only consisting of two prime numbers 41 and 5. After this we are in to the Abraham and his children and we no longer have a need to conceal any message in the ages of the patriarchs since Moses is aware that the knowledge of Abraham and subsequent patriarchs was already well established as would have been any legends regarding their ages. Eighteen generations out of which sixteen have been clearly manipulated to consist of prime numbers used only once.
Whether you choose to believe it or not
|
8,547 | 4 | 1 |
of a woman staring down at the sculptor; and, in the background, a nude figure, constructed from sensual rounded forms, caressing a tube-like element mounted on a plinth. Here, sensuality and sexuality pervade the sculptor's sense of reverie.<|endoftext|>توضیحات
لباس مخصوص سگ کد L118 دامن دار
لباس سگ برخلاف تصور برخی از افراد، فقط جنبه ی تزئینی ندارد و در برابر گزش حشرات و ریزش مو در محیط خانه و محافظت از نور مستقیم خورشید در تابستان استفاده می شود. و آلودگی کمتری به موهای حیوانات خانگی جذب می شود. و موقع دویدن بین گیاهان خاردار و غلت زدن روی زمین باعث آسیب کمتری به سگ شما می شود.
فواید استفاده از لباس مخصوص سگ کد L118
- باعث جلوگیری از ریزش موها در محیط خانه می شود.
- محافظت در برابر دویدن بین گیاهان خاردار
- همچنین لباس سگ میتواند از حیوان شما در برابر گزش حشرات و یا کثیفی های محیطی محافظت کند.
- لباس سگ در برابر آلرژی های پوستی نیز محافظت خواهد کرد.
- باعث محافظت در برابر نور مستقیم آفتاب<|endoftext|>CESENA - Dovrà rispondere dell'accusa di violenza carnale l'uomo di 52 anni che avrebbe violentato la badante dell'anziana madre. L'episodio si è verificato in un comune del Rubicone, finito in tribunale mercoledì, mentre tra un settimana dovrebbe arrivare la sentenza. La vittima, una ragazza straniera di 27 anni, ha subito un trauma psicologico non indifferente (che le è costato anche una lunga degenza in ospedale) da cui si sta riprendendo solo in queste settimane.
La donna era arrivata in Italia per fare la colf, trovando lavoro in una casa del Rubicone. Tutto procedeva per il meglio quando ad un certo punto sarebbe cominciate le attenzioni morbose dell'uomo.
Attenzioni che, secondo quanto ricostruito dalla vittima ma ancora tutto da convalidare visto che l'uomo ha sempre respinto ogni accusa, sarebbeo poi sfociate in un tentativo di violenza sessuale attuato per ben due volta. E dopo il secondo atto di violenza la donna è crollata psicologicamente, finendo prima ricoverata all'ospedale "Bufalini" e poi in una casa famiglia.<|endoftext|>ژوزه مورینیو معتقد است تنها سرمربی حاضر در لیگ های معتبر اروپایی که از ترکیب خود رضایت دارد، مائوریسیو پوچتینو است. او عملاً تایید کرد نقل و انتقالات برای رم حداقل در بخش خریدها به پایان رسیده است
به گزارش ایران ورزشی؛ ژوزه مورینیو معتقد است تنها سرمربی حاضر در لیگ های معتبر اروپایی که از ترکیب خود رضایت دارد، مائوریسیو پوچتینو است. او عملاً تایید کرد نقل و انتقالات برای رم حداقل در بخش خریدها به پایان رسیده است.
مورینیو در بخشی از کنفرانس مطبوعاتی خود پیش از بازی برگشت مقابل ترابزون سپور در مرحله پلی آف لیگ کنفرانس اروپا گفت:
وقتی می گویم در بازار نقل و انتقالات هر احتمالی را باید درنظر گرفت یعنی درهای ورودی و خروجی برای بازیکنان هنوز باز است. البته در این مقطع پایانی احتمال خروج بازیکنان بیشتر است. آیا سرمربی را در سطح اروپا می شناسید که کاملا از ترکیب خود رضایت داشته باشد؟ پوچتینو؛ شاید آن مربی فقط پوچتینو باشد و نه کسی دیگر!
روز گذشته آمادو دیاوارا با یکی از هواداران رم دچار درگیری لفظی شد. او وقتی با اتومبیل خود از کمپ تمرینی رم خارج شد، از سوی یکی از هواداران مورد اهانت قرار گرفت. این هوادار به دیاوارا گفت راهی تیم دیگری شود تا رم بتواند هافبک جدید به ترکیب اضافه کند. دیاوارا نیز از اتومبیل بیرون آمد و با هوادار درگیر شد. مورینیو در این مورد افزود:
چیز خاصی نبود. درگیری فیزیکی نداشتیم و او فقط به کلمات بدی که شنید، واکنش نشان داد. دیاوارا عضوی از ترکیب ماست و با تیم تمرین می کند. برخی از بازیکنان به صورت انفرادی تمرین می کنند اما دیاوارا در جمع گروه است. شاید دیاوارا در کنار ما بماند و اگر بماند، یک گزینه محسوب می شود. او دارای تجربه و کیفیت است. هیچ مشکلی با این بازیکن نداریم.
بازی های لیگ کنفرانس اروپا بدون VAR برگزار می شود و قانون گل زده در خانه حریف نیز لغو شده است. سرمربی رم افزود:
قوانین برای همه یکسان است و باید خود را با آن هماهنگ کنیم. می دانیم لیگ کنفرانس اروپا رقابتی جدید است و یوفا کار سختی برای اداره کردن این همه رقابت متنوع دارد. در فینال از تکنولوژی VAR استفاده می شود و امیدوارم در آن بازی حاضر باشیم. هنوز معتقد هستم گل ترابزون سپور در بازی رفت آفساید بود. حداقل باید خوشحال باشیم که فرداشب در المپیکو تکنولوژی خط دروازه خواهیم داشت.
لغو قانون گل زده در خانه حریف باعث افزایش تعداد بازی هایی می شود که به وقت های اضافه می رود. باید با این قانون نیز خود را هماهنگ کنیم. مقابل ترابزون برای برد به زمین می رویم؛ اگرچه یک تساوی نیز خوب است. شاید سخت ترین قرعه به ما خورد اما خوشحال هستم چون به چنین دیداری نیاز داشتیم. تغییرات زیادی در ترکیب نخواهیم داشت چون بازیکنان نیاز دارند به میدان بروند تا ثبات و ریتم خود را به دست بیاورند. شاید با 3-4 تغییر وارد زمین شویم.
اگر 3 لورنتزو پلگرینی در تیم داشتم، هر سه بازیکن در ترکیب اصلی بازی می کردند. او بازیکنی باهوش است که دقیقا خواسته های من را متوجه می شود. پلگرینی توانایی بازی در پست های مختلفی را دارد.
دیدگاه های ارسال شده توسط شما، پس از تایید در سایت منتشر خواهد شد.
پیام های که به غیر از زبان فارسی یا غیرمرتبط با خبر باشد منتشر نخواهد شد.<|endoftext|>Researchers in Austria have developed a steel powder that allows even complex components to be fabricated using 3D printing, providing more design freedom without compromising the stability of the finished products.
A team led by Mateusz Skalon, a professor in the TU Graz Institute of Materials Science, Joining and Forming, developed the powder—called NewGEN SLM powder--which eliminates the need for support structures that are typically found in metal 3D-printed parts, making them more expensive to design.
Researchers have developed a new steel powder for metal 3D printing that they said improves the quality of and reduces the cost of products over those created using conventional powders. (Image source: IMAT-TU Graz)
The metal-working industry is using additive manufacturing at a rate that’s increasing by 30 percent each year due to shorter production times and lower costs, among other benefits, researchers said.
The new powder developed by Skalon can now help promote this growth even more by simplifying the process even further, he told Design News.
The typical metal 3D-printing process is selective laser melting (SLM), which builds the component up in layers. However, in this type of printing, the scope for design is limited in terms of construction and design because the more complex the component, the more extensive support structures needed, Skalon told Design News.
“Currently, when heavily leaned surface is printed, then it has to be supported by support structures otherwise it will become really rough and porous--basically useless,” he told Design News. “The elaborated powder helps to stabilize the melt-track--created by a laser beam--so when the leaned surface is printed, it requires supporting at lower angles.”
More Stability, Less Support
To develop the powder, Skalon and his team modified the surfaces of the particles’ surfaces of conventional 316L stainless-steel powder so that the metal—when liquefied by a laser beam during the printing process--behaves in more stable way, he said. This will help ensure that components with low angles of inclination don’t collapse during printing.
Figuring out the right formula to create a powder with the right characteristics did take the team considerable time, Skalon acknowledged.
“Firstly we had to understand the reason why the leaned surfaces tend to get rough along with the decreasing angle--it took us over a year,” he told Design News. We performed multiple experiments and when we finally understood the problem, we drew up a plan of how to suppress the negative effects.”
The team then conducted a few more months of research to find a way to successfully modify the powder so it supports s “melt-track stability,” Skalon added.
The team estimates that cost savings of $128 per each kilo of printed metal can be achieved using the NewGEN SLM powder. The surplus powder also can be recycled at the end of production, which also will help save material costs, Skalon said.
Researchers hope to bring the powder and process they developed out of the lab quickly through what’s called a Spin-Off Fellowship of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). Through the program, Skalon and his researchers will test the powder on the most typically used laser-melting systems in the next 16 months.
After the testing period is over, researchers want to establish a production company in Austria to modify and sell NewGEN SLM, with business and industrial partners already showing interest, Skalon added.
Elizabeth Montalbano is a freelance writer who has written about technology and culture for more than 20 years. She has lived and worked as a professional journalist in Phoenix, San Francisco and New York City. In her free time she enjoys surfing, traveling, music, yoga and cooking. She currently resides in a village on the southwest coast of Portugal.
This summer (August 27-29), Drive World Conference & Expo launches in Silicon Valley with North America's largest embedded systems event, Embedded Systems Conference (ESC). The inaugural three-day showcase brings together the brightest minds across the automotive electronics and embedded systems industries who are looking to shape the technology of tomorrow.<|endoftext|>Types of personalities according to PCM
The Process Communication Model identifies 6 types of personality that are represented in each of us. One type of personality is the most natural for us and we call it the Base. Each type has its preferred perception, communication channel and style of interaction.
6 Personality Types by Process Communication Model:
thinks that if everyone were logical, there would be fewer problems. Thinking can solve any conflict or problem. They want the facts. "I mean …."
believes that basic virtues are values. Their opinion is very strong and they have developed strong beliefs in most areas of their lives. When they meet someone or something, they present their opinion first. "I believe ..." "I believe ..."
feels first. They believe that if each of us truly and truly cared for each other, there would be less (and more harmony) in the world "I feel…"
expects external stimulus (incentive), favors time for reflection and guidance to encourage them to act. "Just tell me what to do ..."
does not think like Logik, has no opinion like Perzister, does not feel like Harmonizer and does not expect instructions / guidance like Imaginer. Rebel reacts - I like or dislike. Life must be fun. "Wow!", "Awesome!" Or "I hate ..."
responds to reality through action. "Do it." Go ahead. "<|endoftext|>There is a rumor circulating around the web about a species of monkey that subsists solely on the blood of humans. The tiny monkey has been dubbed the “vampire monkey“. Noone has been able to determine for certain as to it’s true existence as there is very little information on the supposed species, leading many to believe that it is in fact not a real animal, just a made-up creature.
As far as the vampire monkey, I do not have any further information to provide you as to its true existence or not. That does not mean however that it is impossible for the vampire monkey to exist. In fact, there are a few real animals that humans know for a fact do exist and drink the blood of animals (and humans if they were given a chance). Because they subsist on blood, many humans relate them very closely with human vampires, and indeed all have the “vampire” name in their title.
One of these animals is the vampire finch. Unlike the vampire monkey, the vampire finch is a real creature that is known to exist. It is a small black endangered bird native to the Galapagos Islands that uses its beak to peck at other birds until it draws blood. It then drinks the other bird’s blood as food.
Another is the vampire bat. The vampire bat, like most other bats, hunts at night. Unlike many bats who eat off berries and insects however, the vampire bat feeds off the blood of animals – depending on the species they prefer large mammals or small birds. Feeding sessions typically last about 20 minutes, and involve the vampire bat using its teeth to bite it’s victim. The saliva has an anticoagulant which prevents the blood from clotting, keeping it flowing so that the vampire bat can feed in comfort.
Another animal that feeds off blood is the candiru fish. The candiru fish is a small translucent fish native to the Amazon. The candiru fish is famous for the story of how it supposedly entered the urethra of a human that was urinating in the river. The fish is a vampiric parasite that feeds on blood.<|endoftext|>据新华社电 以色列总理阿里埃勒·沙龙生死尚不可知。但其政治生涯接近尾声，似已不可逆转。
“成大事者，不谋于人。”以色列《国土报》专栏作家阿基瓦·埃尔达尔认为，极少对媒体“袒露心扉”的沙龙，不但留下权力真空，更留下政治谜团待后人破译。执政时期，沙龙每一步棋的用意，令人费解。如今，他未来得及完成之事该如何继续，外界猜测纷纷。
最终边界
根据前进党党章，以色列将放弃“部分”土地。
“部分”是多少？单边撤离加沙和西岸4座犹太人定居点后，沙龙多次表示，不再撤离其他土地。沙龙顾问多夫·魏斯格拉斯曾表示，沙龙不会吞并西岸10％以上的土地，并放弃对约旦河西岸的“主权”。
以色列《青年日报》3日报道，沙龙曾打算向美国提要求，保留西岸3座大型犹太人定居点。
另有“谣传”，为“补偿”西岸巴勒斯坦居民，沙龙准备出让乌姆费赫姆地区。但沙龙最近否定了这种说法。
前进党党章指出：“在一份和平协议中划定巴以永久边界，将保障以色列的民族性和安全。”但领土底线，唯有沙龙自知。
国土连续性
“未来巴勒斯坦国国土连续性”出现在几乎所有美国总统布什关于巴以问题的讲话中。沙龙如何保证这种“连续性”？
目前巴以地区版图上，以色列位于加沙地带和约旦河西岸中间，以色列人形象地称之为“三明治”。加沙地带和西岸巴勒斯坦人曾经依靠一条穿过以色列境内、全封闭的“安全通道”往来。2000年9月流血冲突爆发后，这条通道关闭。除非得到以色列当局特别批准，加沙和西岸之间无法进行人员往来。
沙龙是否准备重开这条通道？西岸巴勒斯坦城市遭到犹太人定居点阻隔，西岸城市之间又如何走通？
沙龙本人曾证实，他向巴勒斯坦领导人阿巴斯展示过一张西岸地图，建议在这一地区北部和南部开通地下隧道。
巴激进组织命运
2001年“9·11”事件后，美国竖起“反恐战争”大旗，沙龙极其成功地借此东风，将巴勒斯坦人“起义”定性为针对以色列的“恐怖活动”。他试图说服国际社会相信，重启巴以和谈不意味着要求占领一方停止暴力，而是对被占领方“驯服”的奖赏。
过去5年的暴力冲突，没有让巴勒斯坦人举起“白旗”，反而举起了代表巴伊斯兰抵抗运动（哈马斯）的绿旗。
就在沙龙4日住院前一天，情报部门向他报告，自从以色列单边撤离后，哈马斯在加沙地带“坐大”。哈马斯一旦在巴勒斯坦立法委员会中占据一定席位，将力争控制巴勒斯坦文化教育、社会福利部门，以便建立新的“恐怖团体”。
沙龙坚决反对哈马斯参加原定本月25日举行的巴勒斯坦立法委员会选举。美国一方面要求哈马斯承认以色列的存在，另一方面要求以色列保证巴勒斯坦选举顺利进行。
解除巴勒斯坦激进组织的武装，也是沙龙与阿巴斯争论不休的问题。
以色列究竟如何“安排”巴激进组织的命运？沙龙没有给外界交代。
难民回归权
巴勒斯坦难民回归权，巴以和平进程中另一个难以跨越的障碍。
前进党党章中提到，以色列同意建立一个巴勒斯坦国，这个国家是对所有巴勒斯坦人，“包括难民在内”的最终解决方案。
历次中东战争，造成大批巴勒斯坦人背井离乡。在邻国落地生根，繁衍近60年之后，巴勒斯坦难民人口约为350万。以色列不可能接纳这天文数字般的人口。经济补偿被视为比较现实的方案。
前进党党章中的这个提法，说明沙龙在未来永久和平协议中，已经考虑到如何解决难民回归权问题。但是，补偿额度、补偿方式、谁来掏钱等等细节，不得而知。
另外，犹太教和伊斯兰教共同圣地耶路撒冷的归属问题，更是没有
|
8,547 | 4 | 2 |
ard City Kitchen餐厅。
1875 S Bascom Ave #405，Campbell，CA 95008，电话：408-796-3277
4。 坎贝尔历史博物馆
坎贝尔历史博物馆最初由坎贝尔乡村女子俱乐部和当地活动家珍妮特沃森在1964向公众开放。 自1980s以来，该博物馆一直位于该市历史悠久的Firehouse No. 1建筑内。 今天，它由一个独立的非营利组织与历史悠久的Ainsley House生活历史博物馆共同运营，并致力于保护该地区在19th，20th和21st世纪的社会，文化和工业历史。 博物馆展出了各种永久和临时展品，重点关注该地区的农业，食品工业和技术历史以及着名的运动员和运动队等主题。
51 N. Central Ave，Campbell，CA 95008，电话：408-866-2119
5。 遗产剧院
遗产剧院是一个经过修复的历史性表演场地，最初由工程项目管理局在1938建造，作为坎贝尔联盟高中设施的一部分。 在1980期间，剧院短暂地作为社区中心，然后进行全面修复并翻新成为Santa Clara Valley社区的公共表演艺术场所。 它被列入国家历史名胜名录，并提供1,500平方英尺的舞台，500平方英尺的乐池，以及可容纳800观众的座位。 该地点可供区域艺术非营利组织，学校和私营企业的制作和音乐会租用。
1 W. Campbell Ave，Campbell，CA 95008，电话：408-866-2700
6。 圣乔斯？的市政玫瑰园
圣乔斯？市政玫瑰园是一个5.5英亩的公共玫瑰和植物园设施，由圣何塞市拥有和经营。 它在1937的一个前修剪果园的网站上向公众开放，由圣克拉拉县玫瑰协会建设合作，并保留了许多其原有的设计特色，包括入口反射池，双层喷泉，凉亭和微型玫瑰床。 4,000玫瑰品种的189种植比整个花园展示的更多，主要集中在杂交茶品种，大花卉和floribundas。 盛开的季节通常在4月到11月之间，5月份可以观赏高峰期。 该设施也可以租用于私人特殊活动，包括婚礼。
Naglee Ave和Dana Ave，San Jose，CA 95126，电话：408-794-7274
7。 元素按摩坎贝尔
Elements按摩坎贝尔被圣何塞水星报的读者评为硅谷最佳按摩院。 该公司位于柯克伍德广场（Kirkwood Plaza）内，以实惠的价格提供顶级按摩服务，每次按摩均保证平衡，幸福，恢复和更新。 提供的服务包括深层组织按摩，瑞典式按摩，热石按摩和产前按摩，专门针对期待母亲的舒适度。 酒店还提供芳香疗法服务，触发点按摩疗法和喜马拉雅盐石恢复活力。 所有按摩均根据个人客户的需求量身定制，每周七天提供预约和步入式课程。
1604 West Campbell Avenue，Campbell，CA 95008，电话：408-620-4972
8。 Naschmarkt餐厅
Naschmarkt Restaurant是一家家庭经营的餐厅，位于坎贝尔历史悠久的市中心区，以维也纳最大的露天农产品市场命名。 该餐厅于6月在2011开业，并向奥地利丰富而鲜为人知的烹饪传统致敬，该传统受到法国，意大利，德国和地中海美食的影响。 餐厅菜单上的独特晚餐主菜包括猪肉j's gerschnitzel，牛肉炖牛肉，渔夫炖肉和kraut rouladen，这是一种带三种肉类和胡桃南瓜的卷心菜。 甜点菜单突出了传统美食，如schokokuchen，Salzburger nockerl和palatschinken，以及各种甜点和葡萄酒。 丰富的美酒菜单包括奥地利和纳帕以及威拉米特河谷的美食，啤酒菜单包括奥地利，比利时和德国的着名菜肴。
384 E Campbell Ave，Campbell，CA 95008，电话：408-378-0335
9。 Aqui Cal-Mex
Aqui Cal-Mex是一家地区性的Santa Clara Valley连锁餐厅，专注于巴哈，亚洲和拉丁美洲风味的自然，野生和有机菜肴。 该连锁店由Eulipa前主厨Rob Francis和快餐企业家David O'Mara在1994创立，他致力于打造一种新型的快餐店，专注于健康，受全球影响的实验菜肴。 今天，该连锁店在Willow Glen，Cupertino，Blossom Valley和Campbell经营地点，提供特色和季节性食品，如Sonoma山羊奶酪油炸玉米饼，泰式鸡肉卷饼和自由放养的鸡肉辣酱玉米饼馅。 酒店还供应各种各样的酒精饮料，包括连锁店的工业强度玛格丽塔酒和鸡尾酒。
201 E Campbell Ave，Campbell，CA 95008，电话：408-374-2784
10。 果园城厨房
Orchard City Kitchen是一家厨师驱动的高级餐厅，位于Campbell的Pruneyard购物中心，专注于以原料为主导的新美式小盘。 该餐厅由行政总厨Jeffrey Stout拥有和经营，他与专业酒吧总监Perry Hewitt一起为该合资企业带来了米其林星级餐厅体验。 每周七天提供早午餐，午餐，欢乐时光和晚餐服务，突出了当地采购的食物和农场到餐桌的食材，如香辣龙虾饺子，韩国炸鸡和澳大利亚和牛。 早午餐的亮点包括Dungeness crab Louie，意大利乳清干酪煎饼和龙虾炒饭，全天供应各种啤酒，葡萄酒，咖啡和鸡尾酒。 每晚10至12餐厅的主餐厅均提供固定价格的家庭式晚餐。
1875 S Bascom Ave #190，Campbell，CA 95008，电话：408-340-5285<|endoftext|>Uzun uzun yanimda olmasan da olur, Bir elif miktari daha bak gozlerime yeter. Birak simdi vedali konusmalari, Dokunmasan da bana kabulum, Cim olup yuregine sarsan, guluslerine gizlesen yeter Ben mim olur saklarim seni kaderimin en derinine. Susarim son nefesime kadar, sen vav olup beklesen yeter.' (Tanitim Bulteninden)
"synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title.
(No Available Copies)<|endoftext|>Frequently overlooked when discussions about the most popular art techniques arise, collage is a medium that has been present in every major modern movement of the 20th century. Whilst its conceptual roots can be traced all the way back to when paper was invented around 200 BC, this famous technique is widely regarded as an audacious intermingling of high and low culture. This is also the key feature that is responsible for making collage art so popular with avant-garde and neo-avant-garde artists of the last century. Collage emerged as a true art form when Cubistic painters started experimenting with gluing newspaper clippings, after which the artists have been layering images and incorporating autonomous elements into their work to this day. Looking back from today’s standpoint, collage can be described as a perfectly methodical reexamination of the relation between painting and sculpture, with the pieces of this medium bearing characteristics commonly found both in painted and sculpted works. The term collage was coined by the legendary duo of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque as these painters were the ones that worked on collage from the very beginning of the medium – when translated into English, the French verb coller means to glue or to stick. The name of the method was appropriately named due to the technique’s nature of pasting pieces of colored paper and newsprint, although collage artists have been experimenting with many more materials over the years.
Origins of Collage
Although many art pundits correlate the origins of the collage art technique with the cubists, this medium’s true roots can actually be traced much earlier than the 20th century as many collage-like applications were invented much before the avant-garde art. Traces of methods similar to collage as we know it today can be found around the time of the invention of paper, in 200 BC China. However, these were only collage-like techniques and not really anything as the contemporary state of the medium. However, the notion of gluing different cut out papers in order to assemble a composition did happen in China over two thousand years ago. The first instances of artistic touch surrounding such concepts did not occur until the 10th century when Japanese calligraphers began applying pasted paper with text in order to find an alternative way of writing a poem. The European middle ages also had their own version of primitive collage art, as Gothic cathedrals required that their religious images have gold leaves imitating armor and clothing. Despite its presence, it would take centuries for the European populace to start experimenting with the concepts of collage outside religious circumstances. One of the best examples of such practice is the work of Mary Delany, an English painter who, among other things, created a lot of so-called paper-mosaics. Her beautiful intricate paper works are now held in the British Museum and are widely regarded as one of the earliest instances of European collage art as we know it today. In the 19th century, cutting out and gluing pieces of paper was popular and widespread, but that practice can better be described as a hobby than an art form – by doing so, people would assemble photo albums or additional content in books. Gluing pieces of cut out paper was but a means to an end and it did not serve any artistic purpose. This was all about to change with the beginning of the 20th century as contemporary artists decided to turn this two-millennia-old ancient technique into a full blown art method and a medium in its own right.
Cubism’s Idea of the Paper Collage
The beginnings of a genuine collage technique as a modern art form can be attributed to cubists, starting with the year of 1912 and the early stages of modernism. What separated this technique from many other similar and before it was the fact that the cubists entailed much more than the straightforward idea of gluing something onto something else. For the first time, the glued-on patches were not an addition or a detail without whom the piece would make just as much sense as if it was not present. Now, these papers offered a fresh perspective on the entire piece when it met the surface of a painting. Furthermore, carefully chosen elements of collage – which were usually chopped-up bits of newspapers – introduced fragments of externally referenced meanings. These kinds of concepts were tightly connected with the medium of painting – it was the cubist painters Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso that are largely responsible for the birth of the avant-garde collage art.
Who was the first of the two to use this procedure is debatable – some records claim that Picasso was the first to use the collage technique in combination with oil paintings, but there are also reports of state Braque taking up the notion before Pablo, applying it to his charcoal drawings. Regardless of who the initiator of the fresh subgenre was, the two worked separately on experimenting with the potential and the boundaries of collage art, as the method offered everything a true avant-garde painter could desire. A completely original concept far from any traditional technique, a direct way of expression and a lot of room for development. Collage also differed a lot from the theories behind the Analytic Cubism, a previous segment of the movement that aimed at comprising paintings by fragmenting the world into a series of basic lines and curves. The new art form was a true indicator of what ideas stood behind the next chapter in the movement’s history: the Synthetic Cubism, which involved combining particles of various materials to create a new whole. In the year of 1912, Pablo Picasso presented his Still Life with Chair Caning. This painting is a clear indicator of how early collage functioned: Picasso pasted a patch of oilcloth with a chair-cane design onto the canvas of the piece. It should be noted that despite some claiming Braque is the one due credit for the invention of a new art form, Picasso definitely implemented more novelties and experimented more with collage art than his fellow Cubist.
Experiments with Wood
Wood collage is a variation of the genre that emerged somewhat later than its paper-based cubistic variant. Although Georges Braque initiated the use of wood within his collage compositions, he would never incorporate it as a focal point of the painting. He would instead use it to imitate the oak grain surface of the background in his charcoal drawings. For that reason, it is often stated that the idea of gluing wood to a picture was implicitly there from its very inception, but wood collage as a true subgenre did not emerge for some time after the paper version was established. In the midst of the 1920s, Kurt Schwitters, a German painter, started to experiment with wood after he felt unsuccessful with his attempts to copy the cubistic feel with his paper works. It would take a few years before he would truly establish the technique, but in the mid-1920s, Schwitters presented his Merz Picture with Candle, a piece that serves as a clear cornerstone of principles behind wood collage. These pieces were considerably smaller in scale than their paper counterpart but were still intended to be framed and hung as a painting would be. Kurt Schwitters and all latter practitioners of the style would use pieces of wood, wood shavings and scraps to assemble the composition and it was precisely this feature that did the most harm for wood technique and its association with collage art. If the author uses only natural wood such as unaltered logs, branches or sticks, the cultural context of using materials originally made by people and intended for other uses would be gone – and it was this exact postulate that served as a key aspect of paper collage’s emancipation from other mediums. Unaltered, natural wood has no such contexts and for that reason, the wood subgenre is much closer to abstract wood relief than paper collage. The closest way wood technique could come to collage is if it is used as an additional material with paper and that the contextual aspect of the piece would still be present.
Collage in Later Movements Before WWII
After the initial success, collage art moved on from Cubism and found its place among the current art movements that were shaping the scene of the 1920s. Inspired by Cubist experiments with the medium, artists associated with the notorious Dada, particularly the movement’s Berlin section, began their own attempts of incorporating collage techniques to serve their own anti-art goals. Dadaists such as Hannah Hoch, Richard Huelsenbeck and John Heartfield used the results of experimental photomontage to make the materials necessary for their collages, assembling and glueing the images that sharply critiqued German society and culture in the aftermath of World War I. The concepts of Surrealism, although not a perfect match with collage at a first glance, actually served as an excellent platform for the young medium as well, arguably even more so than Dadaism. Representatives of this movement made extensive use of collage through a method better known as cubomania – a procedure based on a notion in which an author cuts an image into squares and then resumes to reassemble them automatically, without relying on common sense. This idea is obviously based on the automatism theory presented by Andre Breton in the early 20s, which claims that the artist must give up control in one way or another and create a piece at random, allowing the chance to do the actual decisions for him. Another use this movement had for collages was the role it played in the famous surrealistic games. Pretty much based on automatism as well, games such as parallel collage were based on collective makings of an accidental painting. Unfortunately for collage art and its practitioners, the glueing technique stopped being so popular after the surrealistic movement, with many artists claiming that the method was too restricted and a bit too limited when compared to the alternative ways of expression. Soon, the Nazi party started to wrap all of Europe in darkness, and all the art forms, including collage, entered a state of stagnation.
A highly popular method that is tightly connected to its older sibling – collage, represents the perfect opposite of it as well. The decollage technique is by far a less famous method, in fact a reverse concept of collage. Instead of an illustration being built up from parts of different images, it is created by cutting, tearing away or otherwise removing pieces of images that have been stacked upon each other. By doing so, the artist would construct and manipulate the stacked papers, slowly ripping his way to the final desired composition. The word itself is also French, translated into English literally as take-off or to become unglued. Wolf Vostell, a German painter and sculptor, is widely considered to be the most crucial artist to work in the decollage method due to the fact he was one of the initiators behind it, but his other activities in fields such as the Happening art and Fluxus detained him from developing the concepts of decollage further than he did. Instead, the duty of advancing this technique fell on the shoulders of a French artist Jacques Villegle.
One of the most important artists to have ever practiced the technique of decollage is Jacques Villegle, a French mixed-media creator that invented his variation of the technique in the aftermath of the World War II, spending his entire career working exclusively in this style. Many experts claim that his particular method is not genuine decollage, but instead the lacerated poster technique, although the only difference between the two is that the latter relies on posters instead of journal clippings or other paper clippings. For that reason, it is no mistake to call Jacques an artist of decollage as his technique is a perfect fit with the aforementioned concepts of the medium. Although visually stunning, what makes Villegle’s method even more impressive is that this was the first true novelty in art history after the horrors of the early 1940s, set in a time that abstraction was the only popular form of expression. It should also be noted that after the World War II, many artists and experts deemed that art was, in fact, dead and that nothing beautiful can ever come out again from the world capable of such atrocities as Auschwitz. Besides visual art, they believed the same fate awaited poetry. It was from this depressing and stagnating situation that Jacques
|
8,547 | 4 | 3 |
，或者这些人天生就有与他人建立更多联系的‘天赋’”。
这份报告基于一项研究，该研究调查了一个人的网络社交网络的规模、现实世界中社交群体的规模和大脑区域结构之间的联系。研究发现，拥有更多的facebook联系人、更多的现实世界社交联系人以及大脑中与社交感知和记忆相关的灰质数量之间存在关联。
这项研究同时测量了参与者的网络规模和大脑结构。因此，它无法告诉我们这两个因素之间是否有因果关系；也就是说，拥有更大的社交网络是否会导致大脑的这一部分成长或者相反，或者是否是其他因素导致了这两种情况。
这项研究在日常pfe中没有任何直接的实际影响。特别是，它没有表明社交网络对智力、社交能力或任何其他认知、心理或情感能力有任何特定的影响。
这个故事来自哪里？
这项研究是由伦敦大学学院的研究人员进行的；barts和伦敦医学和牙科学院，以及丹麦奥尔胡斯大学。它得到了韦尔科姆信托的支持；日本科学促进会；丹麦国家研究基金会；丹麦文化与交流研究委员会和欧盟mindbridge项目。
它发表在同行评议的皇家生物科学学会学报上。
媒体普遍准确地报道了这项研究。《每日镜报》和bbc恰当地指出，这项研究只能评估网站和大脑结构之间的联系，而不能评估因果关系。然而,《每日邮报》报道说,“大脑扫描显示它增加了杏仁核的大小”,这是不正确的，因为这项研究并不是为了找出两者之间的因果关系。
这是什么样的研究？
这项横断面研究旨在确定大脑区域是否与一个人的社交网络规模相关。她的理论是，一个人的facebook好友网络的大小会反映在参与社会行为的大脑区域的结构中。他们还认为一个人的网络规模可能与现实世界的网络规模有关。
一项横断面研究在一个时间点测量了两个变量。它可以描述这些变量之间的联系，但不能找到它们之间的因果关系。因此，这项研究可以描述网络规模和大脑结构之间的联系，但不能说一个人的网络规模是否导致大脑结构的差异，或者不同大脑结构的人是否参与不同水平的网络社交活动。
这项研究涉及什么？
研究人员招募了125名大学生参与这项研究。他们的第一个实验检验了facebook上社交关系数量的变化和大脑结构的变化之间是否有联系。为了评估这一点，每个参与者被问及他们有多少facebook好友，然后用磁共振成像(mri)进行脑部扫描。研究人员随后调查了哪些灰质密度区域与facebook好友数量呈正相关。
第二个实验涉及40名新参与者。他们测量了onpen社交网络的大小，并与大脑三个特定部分的MRI进行了比较，在之前的实验中发现这三个部分与onpen社交网络的大小呈正相关。
在前两个实验中，研究人员分析数据的方式允许他们控制年龄、性别和灰质的总量。这是为了确保这些因素不会混淆网络规模和大脑结构之间的关系。
第三个实验检验了网络和现实社会关系之间的关系。80名参与者被要求填写一份调查问卷，问卷中提出了一些问题，比如“如果你现在要举办一个聚会，你会邀请多少人？”，‘你电话簿里的朋友总数是多少？’“你有多少校外或大学的朋友？”
最后一个实验检查了现实社会网络规模和第一次实验中65名参与者的核磁共振结果之间的联系。研究人员集中研究了三个区域的大小，这三个区域与onpne网络大小呈正相关，还有杏仁核。当他们分析这个实验的数据时，他们控制了这个人的网络社交网络的大小，试图揭示与现实社会关系特别相关的区域。
基本结果是什么？
在第一个实验中，在参与者的facebook好友网络的大小和三个特定大脑区域(左侧颞中回、右侧颞上后沟和右侧内嗅皮层)的灰质密度之间发现了显著的正相关。也就是说，facebook网络越大，这些区域的灰质密度就越高。onpne网络和杏仁核大小之间也有微弱的联系。
第二个实验试图在40名新兵中重复第一个实验的结果，显示了onpne网络大小和上述四个大脑区域的灰质密度之间的显著关联。然而，当研究人员控制了人的真实世界网络的大小时，与杏仁核大小的关联就变得不显著了。
实验三揭示了一个人的网络社交网络的大小和他们现实世界网络的大小之间的正相关关系，在现实世界网络大小的八个度量标准中，有五个是正相关的，包括:
一个人电话簿中的人数
他们会邀请参加聚会的人数
校外朋友的数量
他们会向多少朋友发送短信来庆祝某项活动，以及他们会向多少朋友请求帮助
最后一项实验表明，现实世界中社交网络的大小与右侧杏仁核的大小呈正相关，但与第一项实验中发现的任何其他重要区域都不相关。
研究人员如何解释这些结果？
研究人员得出结论，三种大脑结构与一个社交网络的大小有着特定的正相关关系，而右边的杏仁核与真实世界的网络大小有着特定的关联。
他们总结道，“综合起来，我们的发现表明，一个人的网络社交网络的大小与社交认知中的大脑结构密切相关”。
结论
这是一个小型的横断面研究，调查了参与社交网络和大学生大脑结构的大小之间是否有联系。这项研究能够显示变量之间可能存在联系，但不能确定社交网络是否会导致人们大脑的变化，或者大脑结构越大，人们越倾向于形成更大的社交网络。
这项研究选择性地观察了与网络规模正相关的大脑区域，并没有寻找与onpne活动负相关的区域。因此，它可能没有提供两个变量之间pnk的完整情况。
这是一个小规模的研究，个人实验通常涉及不到100人。很难从涉及这种小群体的研究中得出结论，因为机会更有可能影响结果。作者高度评价了这项研究的一些观点，包括它对大学生的关注，并说这项研究不能描述变量之间的因果关系。虽然这项研究确实表明拥有较大社交网络的人在特定区域拥有较大的大脑结构，但尚不清楚这是否有任何功能上的影响。需要进一步的研究来确认社交网络行为和大脑结构之间的关系。
假设这是一个真实的关系，不清楚这些发现是否有任何实际的医学应用。《每日邮报》断言facebook增加了杏仁核的大小是不正确的。<|endoftext|>外媒称，大众多年前已经被供应商及内部技术人员警告使用软件操纵尾气值违法。德国政府对大众做出严厉批评，但仍对引入新欧盟尾气测试模式踩下刹车。
法国里昂一家生物科技公司日前宣布一项新技术：在实验室环境下培育出完全成熟的精子细胞，为全球无数不育男性带来福音。英国《独立报》称，这一消息在医学界引起轰动，但不少西方媒体对新成果态度谨慎，称这一重大医学突破仍需验证。
德国之声电台网站9月28日报道称，大众汽车因尾气排放值造价丑闻面临排山倒海的压力。根据德国《周日图片报》报道，大众汽车在进行内部审计时发现了一份具有爆炸性内容的文件。内容称，其装备供应商博世早在2007年就已经去函大众集团并发出警告称，该集团在尾气处理时非法使用其技术，博世只向大众集团供应测试用的软件，不能作为一般正常运行用途。报道称，博世当时已经对大众表示，大众将该技术投入使用的计划是违法行为。
法国生物科技公司Kallistem称，公司的研究团队从数名患不育症男性身上提取未成熟的精子细胞，将它们置于高度模仿人体器官环境的生物反应器中培育，获取可被用于临床实验的有效成熟精子，2017年可进行临床实验。研究团队负责人杜兰德博士说，人工培育的精子质量和普通男性自然生成的精子基本相同，研究成果将为受不育症困扰的男性带来福音，但目前还不便透露具体技术细节。该公司预计，如果研究成果能投入商业领域，将产生23亿欧元的市场效益。
《星期日法兰克福汇报》则引述监事会知情人士称，大众集团的技术人员在2011年已经提出警告，该集团在测量尾气值时采取的做法违法。大众监事会周五收到这份调查报告，但内容并未解释为何大众在接到警告后没有采取相应行动，以及当时有哪些人士知情。《星期日法兰克福汇报》指出，若外部调查人员取得大众现任或前任领导小组行事不当的证据，大众可能向经理人求取损害赔偿。
不过，人工精子研究成果很快遭到学界质疑。不少媒体表示，在新成果以论文形式刊登在学术刊物，并得到同行把关之前，媒体无法认定该研究的有效性。英国谢菲尔德大学男性科学教授阿兰佩西说：这是一个大胆的论断，在看到相关论文发表前，我对此保持高度质疑。佩西说，新成果诉诸学术界之前，公司先向媒体吹风，这个顺序令人怀疑，为什么不先发表论文，再公布？他还说，该公司此前放出的所谓成熟精子样本图像资料缺乏说服力，它看上去并不像发育成熟的精子形态。
改善问题的最后通牒
《独立报》说，类似研究2009年就虚晃一枪。当时，英国纽卡斯尔大学研究人员号称在实验室培育出成熟精子，相关报告还发表在学术刊物《干细胞与发育》上。然而，短短几周内，这项科研成果就因饱受质疑被迫撤回。不仅如此，相关科研人员还被控剽窃。据了解，科学界上一次在人工培育精子领域取得重大突破发生在2011年，日本科学家从老鼠身上提取干细胞，并在实验室环境下将它们培育成成熟的精子。但是，该项研究成果止步于此，学界之后没有出现任何成功的、可应用于人类的精子培育技术。专家表示，原始生殖细胞要经历一系列分裂、变形才能形成成熟的精子，这一周期在男性身上大约需要72天，远高于雄鼠的30天，很难在实验室环境下实现。
据《周日图片报》报道，德国机动车辆管理局已经对大众汽车发出最后通牒，要求在指定时限内呈交解决操控尾气排放值问题的时间表。报道称，机动车辆管理局已经书面要求大众集团的法律部门，在10月7日前递交有约束力的措施和时间表，详述大众如何以及到何时为止，其车辆能遵守排放法规、不使用操纵软件。《周日图片报》所取得的机动车辆管理局文件指出，在当前的法律情况下，当局必须下令采取必要措施，以确保生产车辆符合批准的类型。若大众不遵守机动车辆管理局的要求，其类型许可将被撤销。如此一来，所有受波及的车辆都将被禁止贩卖或移动。
此外，一旦该项研究成果被证实有效，势必引起新一轮的道德伦理争论。事实上，有关人工培育精子和卵子的课题长期以来一直备受争议，不少媒体都将相关技术称为潘多拉的盒子。英国《每日邮报》认为，人工培育生殖细胞的方式恐将大大削弱父亲和母亲的重要性，从而扭曲、破坏家庭成员之间的关系。<|endoftext|>به گزارش اسپوتنیک، جیمز جفری در یک کنفرانس مطبوعاتی گفت:" ما نمی بینیم که حضور نیروهای ایرانی در سوریه و امکانات آنها برای توسل به زور از جمله استفاده از موشک های دارای برد کوتاه که می توانند دیگر کشورها را تهدید کنند، به نفع کسی باشد. وظیفه ما اینست که همه از جمله روسیه را قانع کنیم که خروج نیروهای ایرانی بهترین روش برای تامین نتیجه صلح آمیز، ثبات و امنیت نه فقط در سوریه بلکه در سراسر منطقه است".
یادآور می شود پیشتر فرستاده ویژه آمریکا در امور سوریه ابراز امیدواری کرده بود که روسیه مانعی برای حملات هوایی اسرائیل به مواضع ایران در سوریه ایجاد نکند. وی گفته بود دولت این کشور از ارتش روسیه انتظار دارد تا رویکرد مثبت خود را در قبال اسرائیل ادامه داده و به ارتش این کشور اجازه دهد با حملات هوایی خود به مواضع ایران در سوریه، مانع از گسترش نفوذ ایران در نزدیکی مرزهای اسرائیل شود.
اسرائیل با ادعای اینکه ایران با پیشبرد سیاست خود بر آن است تا به طور درازمدت در سوریه حضوری نظامی داشته و بر نفوذ خود در این کشور بیفزاید، به حریم سوریه تجاوز کرده است این در حالی است که ایران با درخواست دولت سوریه در این کشور حضوری مستشاری دارد.
هدف اصلی اسراییل و آمریکا از این حملات کمک به داعش و دیگر تروریست های حاضر در سوریه است تا بلکه مانع نابودی آنها شوند.<|endoftext|>Women's Flight Museum: 100 Years Of Accomplished Female Fliers
Before she tried to fly around the world in 1937, Amelia Earhart’s family wanted her to study medicine. The woman who would become everyone’s favorite lady pilot actually enrolled in Columbia’s pre-medicine program before taking a plane ride at a California air show. Shortly after, she began flight lessons and bought a used plane.
Jean Batten’s interest in flying, in 1929, came after a short flight with Australian pilot Charles Kingsford-Smith in his plane “Southern Cross.” This was a problem, as her father wanted her to be a concert pianist. When Jean and her mom went to London, she wrote to her father of long hours of practice. Instead of piano practice, though, she was taking flying lessons.
When Thea Rasche’s strict German father ruled that girls did not play sports and certainly didn’t fly, his daughter secretly took flying lessons from a WWI pilot. After recieving her pilot’s license and later a license for flying acrobatics, she became the first women stunt flyer.
These stories, young women persevering in their love of flying, are on tap at the Women’s International Air And Space Museum at Cleveland’s Burke Lakefront Airport.
The women whose artifacts appear had two things in common-a passion to fly and the determination to overcome numerous hurdles, often becoming the first (or early) women in their specialty. Some did good works later in life--some died early.
Now in It’s 20th year in Cleveland and still the only one of it’s kind world-wide, the museum’s collections include all aspects of women in aviation--pilots, flight attendants, astronauts, engineers, and other contributors.
“We ‘ve got information on 6,000 women, from an airplane to a piece of paper,” said Heather Alexander, the museum’s executive director.
With a very small staff (3 people including an intern), the museum receives artifact donations from families, sometimes honoring their family member and sometimes merely dispatching the artifacts.
“We don’t purchase any artifacts,” Alexander said. Instead the staff reviews the donated materials and determines if the new artifacts fit the musuem’s mission, which is to promote the role of women in aviation and space.
“Flying may have been just one component of a person’s life, “ the executive director said. Karen Nybart, for instance, a NASA astronaut and a PHd. in Mechanical Engineering, sewed while in space, creating a stuffed dinosaur from space station scraps. Stuffed animals are often taken to space, partly beacause they are good zero-gravity indicators, which start to float when entering orbit.
The staff determines what part of the story fits with the museum. There’s no shortage of work, meanwhile, as research requests arrive from across the globe, from sources including filmakers, documentary researchers, journalists, students and families.
Other than the few permanent exhibits-Earhart, Harriet Quimby, Louise Sacchi and Bessie Coleman are always on display- there are also displays about the Women’s Airforce Service Pilot (WASP) program and the Mercury 13.
Artifacts and temporary exhibits change every 15-18 months. The planned rotation gives the museum a different look, keeps the artifacts from deteriorating and highlights new donations.
With revenues ever-short (the museum’s public property location prohibits charging admission) Alexander shows promoter’s hustle, melding retail promotions, group sales and special events, and finds publicity-value activities to cover for a lack of ad budget. The staff exhibits at air shows in Akron, Medina, Ashtabula, Willoughby, Lorain and at Kent State.
Modest revenues come from sales of group tours (some with boxed lunches), short-tem exhibit rentals to school and youth groups and a gift shop.
Grants are mostly not available for operational expenses, Alexander said.
More information is available at www.iwasm.org .
Retired corporate sales & marketing guy in the tourism businesses. Long time free-lance sports writer.<|endoftext|>James Finlayson (1772–1852)
James Finlayson was a Scotsman who played a large part in establishing the textile industry in Tampere, the principal industrial city in Finland. He was born at Penicuik and was a member of the Society of Friends (Quakers). He had some experience of the textile industry in Scotland before he went to St Petersburg in 1817 with the twin objectives of establishing a cotton factory for Tsar Alexander I (1777-1825) and distributing Bibles in the Russian language. He visited Finland in 1819 and subsequently gained permission to build a water-powered
|
8,547 | 5 | 0 |
residents to complain of nausea and headaches from the odor.
At times, a new spill or release was reported to the Coast Guard every five minutes to 10 minutes. Some were extremely detailed, such as this report from Sept. 14: "Caller is making a report of a 6-by-4-foot container that was found floating in the Houston Ship Channel. Caller states the container was also labeled 'UM 3264,' which is a corrosive material." The caller most likely meant UN3264, an industrial coding that refers to a variety of different acids.
State and federal officials have collected thousands of abandoned drums, paint cans and other containers.
Other reports were more vague. One caller reported a sheen from an underwater pipeline and said the substance was "spewing" from the pipe.
The AP's analysis found that, by far, the most common contaminant left in Ike's wake was crude oil — the lifeblood and main industry of both Texas and Louisiana. In the week of reports analyzed, enough crude oil was spilled nearly to fill an Olympic-sized swimming pool, and more could be released, officials said, as platforms and pipelines were turned back on.
The Minerals Management Service, which oversees oil production in federal waters offshore, said the storm destroyed at least 52 oil platforms of roughly 3,800 in the Gulf of Mexico. Thirty-two more were severely damaged. But there was only one confirmed report of an oil spill — a leak of 8,400 gallons that officials said left no trace because it dissipated with the winds and currents.
Air contaminants were the second-most common release, mostly from the chemical plants and refineries along the coast.
About half the crude oil was reported spilled at a facility operated by St. Mary Land and Exploration Co. on Goat Island, Texas, a spit of uninhabited land north of the heavily damaged Bolivar Peninsula. The surge from the storm flooded the plant, leveling its dirt containment wall and snapping off the pipes connecting its eight storage tanks, which held the oil and water produced from two wells in Galveston Bay.
By the time the company reached the wreckage by boat more than 24 hours after Ike's landfall, the tanks were empty. Only a spattering of the roughly 266,000 gallons of oil spilled was left, and that is already cleaned up, according to Greg Leyendecker, the company's regional manager. The rest vanished, likely into the Gulf of Mexico.
Ike's fury might have helped prevent worse environmental damage. Its rough water, heavy rains and wind helped disperse pollution.
Air quality tests by Texas environmental regulators found no problems even in communities near industrial complexes, where power outages and high winds in some cases knocked out emergency devices that safely burn off chemicals. But the storm also zapped many of the state's permanent air pollution monitors in the region.
"We came out of this a lot better than we could have been, especially thinking where the storm hit," said Kelly Cook, the homeland security coordinator for the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.
Katrina ranked as among the worst environmental disasters in U.S. history, with about 9 million gallons of oil spilled. But Ike's storm surge was less severe than feared — 12 feet rather than 20-feet plus — and the dikes, levees and bulkheads built around the region's heavy industry mostly held.
Much of that infrastructure is protected by a 1960s-era Army Corps of Engineers system of 15-foot levees similar to the one around New Orleans that failed catastrophically during Katrina. In that storm, floodwaters dislodged an oil tank at a Murphy Oil Corp. refinery in Meraux, La., spilling more than 1 million gallons of oil into the surrounding neighborhoods, canals and playgrounds.
Ike's toll on wildlife is still unfolding. Only a few pelicans and osprey turned up oiled, but the storm upended nature. Winds blew more than 1,000 baby squirrels from their nests. The storm's surge pushed saltwater into freshwater marshes and bayous, killing grasses where cattle graze and displacing alligators. Flooding also stranded cows.
The storm also may mangle migration. The Texas coast is a pit stop for birds heading south for the winter. But Ike wiped out many of their food sources, stripping berries from trees and nectar-producing flowers from plants, said Gina Donovan, executive director of the Houston Audubon Society, which operates 17 bird sanctuaries in Texas.
"It is going to cause wildlife to suffer for awhile," she said.
Along the Houston Ship Channel, a tanker truck floating in 12-feet-high flood waters slammed into a storage tank at the largest biodiesel refinery in the country, causing a leak of roughly 2,100 gallons of vegetable oil. The plant, owned by GreenHunter Energy Inc., uses chicken fat and beef tallow to make biodiesel shipped overseas. It opened just months earlier.
Oneal Galloway of Slidell, La., called to report oil in his neighborhood. The town, north of Lake Pontchartrain, was flooded with Ike's surge. He said oil had washed down the streets.
"It looked like a rainbow in the water," Galloway told the AP. "The residue of the oil is all over our fences, there were brown spots in the yard where it killed the grass."
The likely culprit was not a refinery or oil well, according to Shannon Davis, the director of the parish's public works department, but a neighbor brewing biodiesel in his backyard with used cooking grease.
Cain Burdeau reported from Texas.
On the Net:
Multi-agency Post-Hurricane Ike Pollution Response: http://strikeforcenews.com/go/site/771/
National Response Center: http://www.nrc.uscg.mil<|endoftext|>Dopo macerazione 1 royal English tea Set cucchiaino da tè 5 grammi di taglio o grattugiato crudo zenzero in polvere tirare in acqua calda sottoporsi axerophthol sorso del tè per determinare se la forza del sapore di zenzero in polvere si adatta alla vostra predilezione è sufficiente aggiungere irrigare per diluire il tè se si trova la tecnologia dell'informazione per un guasto
Duncans Darjeeling tea leaf è promosso da Duncans Tea Limited con sede a Kolkata, West Bengal numero atomico 49 India. Duncans Industries Limited è catering per il mercato indiano per Thomas più di 150 vecchiaia. L'accompagnamento possiede 14 tè estates o'er 8000 ettari di royal English Tea Set terra sparsi sopra il Darjeeling e ai piedi Dell'Himalaya del Bengala settentrionale, India.<|endoftext|>بیانیه تهران
وزرای امور خارجه سه کشور اروپایی (انگلیس، فرانسه و آلمان) در تاریخ 29 مهرماه 1382 (21 اکتبر 2003) و براساس دعوت دولت جمهوری اسلامی ایران، به ایران سفر کردند. حاصل این سفر، تفاهم درخصوص بیانیۀ تهران بود. این تفاهم در شرایطی صورت گرفت که فشارهای بسیاری از سوی این کشورها در راستای الزام ایران به پذیرش پروتکل الحاقی و تعلیق غنیسازی و تهدید به ارجاع موضوع هستهای به شورای امنیت مطرح بود. براساس این بیانیه، تعهدات دولت ایران به شرح زیر می باشد:
- همکاری کامل با آژانس بینالمللی انرژی اتمی و پاسخ به الزامات و سؤالات باقیماندۀ آژانس به صورت شفاف و حل و فصل آنها و اصلاح هرگونه قصور احتمالی.
- امضای پروتکل الحاقی و آغاز فرآیند تصویب آن و اجرای پروتکل الحاقی تا پیش از تصویب آن، به عنوان یک اقدام حسن نیت.
- تعلیق تمامی فعالیتهای غنیسازی اورانیوم و بازفرآوری به صورت داوطلبانه، به صورتی که آژانس تعریف می کند.
تعهدات سه کشور اروپایی نیز براساس بیانیۀ تهران، به شرح زیر می باشد:
- شناسایی حق ایران برای استفاده صلحآمیز از انرژی هستهای برابر با معاهده منع گسترش سلاح هستهای.
این تعهد، مسألۀ جدیدی نیست. نه تنها حق ایران، بلکه حق تمامی کشورهای عضو معاهدۀ عدم اشاعه برای بهره مندی از انرژی هستهای جهت مقاصد صلحآمیز به صراحت در مادۀ 4 معاهده مورد تصریح قرار گرفته است. نکتۀ مهم، اعمال این حق است و این آن چیزی است که در این بیانیه مغفول باقی مانده است.
- اجرای کامل تصمیمات ایران که توسط مدیرکل آژانس بینالمللی انرژی اتمی به تأیید برسد، باید موجب شود که شورای حکام آژانس وضعیت کنونی را حل و فصل نماید.
این تعهد از جمله تعهدات کلی است که زمان و مکانیسم اجرایی آن به هیچ وجه مشخص نمی باشد. حدود و ثغور همکاری با آژانس و ابهامات و مسائل باقی مانده مشخص نشده اند و طبیعتاً رضایت مندی آژانس نیز امری کلی است که چگونگی تحقق و اعلام آن در هاله ای از ابهام خواهد بود.
- این امر موجب خواهد شد راه برای گفتگو بر مبنای همکاریهای درازمدت باز شود و از این طریق، به تمامی طرفهای موردنظر درباره برنامه تولید انرژی هستهای ایران اطمینان داده خواهد شد. به محض اینکه نگرانیهای بینالمللی از جمله نگرانیهای سه کشور کاملاً برطرف شود، ایران میتواند انتظار داشته باشد که به طور آسانتری به فنآوری مدرن و اقلام دیگری در حوزههای مختلف دست یابد.
در این خصوص نیز طرف اروپایی هیچ تعهدی را نپذیرفته و فقط به یک سری موارد کلی اشاره می کند. رفع نگرانی های بینالمللی و سه کشور هیچ معیار خاصی ندارد و می تواند بدون محدودیت زمانی به طول انجامد و شاید نگرانی آنها هیچ وقت رفع نشود. ضمن این که پس از رفع نگرانی ها ایران فقط می تواند انتظار داشته باشد که به برخی فناوری ها دست پیدا کند، نه این که اروپایی ها متعهد خواهند بود که این فناوری ها را در اختیار ایران قرار دهند. نکتۀ ظریف این است که این کشورها حتی حاضر نشدند اظهار کنند که ایران پس از تحقق شرایط مزبور می تواند فناوری چرخۀ سوخت را اعمال نماید، بلکه به طور ابهام آمیزی تنها سخن از فناوری های مدرن و سایر اقلام به میان می آورند. این مطلب نشان میدهد که این کشورها از همان ابتدای مذاکرات با ایران، کنار گذاشتن چرخۀ سوخت بومی در ایران را مدنظر داشتند و در این مسیر مذاکره می کردند.
- سه کشور با ایران برای ارتقای امنیت و ثبات در منطقه از جمله ایجاد منطقۀ عاری از سلاح کشتار جمعی در خاورمیانه، مطابق با اهداف سازمان ملل متحد همکاری خواهند نمود.
این تعهد نیز فی نفسه دارای تناقضات بسیاری است. در حالی که غرب و آمریکا با آزاد گذاشتن دست رژیم صهیونیستی اسرائیل جهت توسعۀ کمی و کیفی زرادخانۀ هستهای خود صحبت از همکاری با ایران برای ایجاد منطقۀ عاری از سلاحهای کشتار جمعی می کنند، جای تأمل بسیاری دارد. این کشورها بهتر است به این رژیم فشار بیاورند تا به معاهدۀ منع گسترش سلاحهای هستهای پیوسته و تمامی تأسیسات هستهای خود را تحت نظارت و پادمان آژانس بینالمللی انرژی قرار دهد.
با نگاهی به قطعنامۀ مورخ 12 سپتامبر 2003 شورای حکام آژانس بینالمللی انرژی اتمی، مشخص می شود هر آن چه که در این بیانیه به عنوان تعهدات ایران از آن نام برده می شود، درخواست هایی است که این شورای سیاسی از ایران حدود 40 روز قبل از بیانیۀ تهران داشته است. درخواست های این قطعنامه از ایران به شرح زیر می باشد:
- همکاری سریعتر و کاملاً شفاف با آژانس.
- ارائۀ اطمینان از این که دیگر قصوری راجع به گزارش مواد، تأسیسات و فعالیتهای ایران که بر اساس موافقتنامۀ پادمان موظف به گزارش آنها است وجود ندارد.
- تعلیق همۀ فعالیتهای مربوط به غنیسازی اورانیوم از جمله معرفی مواد هستهای به نطنز، به عنوان یک اقدام اعتمادآور.
- اصلاح همه قصورهای شناسایی شده توسط آژانس.
- امضاء و تصویب پروتکل الحاقی و اجرای کامل پروتکل الحاقی قبل از تصویب آن، به عنوان اقدام اطمینان ساز.
این بدین معناست که اجرای درخواست های قطعنامۀ غیرقانونی شورای حکام، به شیوه ای دیگر با ایران مورد توافق قرار گرفته است و سه کشور اروپایی با مواضع از قبل تعیین شده وارد مذاکره با ایران شدند.
از طرف دیگر، در یک بررسی کلی مشخص می شود که در بیانیۀ تهران تعهدات سه کشور اروپایی به هیچ وجه قابل قیاس با تعهدات ایران نمی باشد. تعهدات ایران، همه واجد شرایط اجرایی فوری بوده و تعهدات طرف اروپایی در واقع اشاره به یک سری مسائل کلی است که جنبه لازم الإجرایی نیز ندارد.
بنیان تعلیق فعالیت های غنی سازی توسط ایران در بیانیۀ تهران گذاشته شد. در مذاکرات تهران، وزرای امور خارجۀ سه کشور اذعان کردند که تعلیق فقط به عنوان یک اقدام اعتمادساز خواهد بود و برای مدت زمان بسیار کوتاهی انجام خواهد شد. اما عملکرد بعدی این کشورها در مذاکرات نشان داد که عملاً به دنبال توقف دائمی فعالیت های هسته ای در ایران می باشند. دبیر سابق شورایعالی امنیتملی با یادآوری حضور وزرای خارجۀ سه کشور اروپایی در کاخ سعدآباد، گفت: ”در این مذاکراتگفتید چند هفته تعلیق کنید، ما کلیۀ مسائل را حل میکنیم و شما راهتان را ادامهدهید. این چند هفته چند سال شد و شما نپذیرفتید، شما تخلف کردید. من همۀ متون مذاکراتی آن دوسال را مطالعه کردهام و در جریان مذاکرات بودم. شما در سعدآبادگفتید چند هفته تعلیق، ولی در آژانس قطعنامه صادر کردید”.[2]<|endoftext|>What do we see?
The graph below illustrates the output of fermentation in Flanders. We see an increase in the amount of animal manure processing and a significant decrease in raw digestate.
We do not currently have the necessary data from Vlaco to provide more information about the evolution of the destination of digestate.
What’s the aim?
In a circular economy, our primary aim is to prevent waste by maximising the use of products. Where waste is unavoidable, we look at ways to get value out of that waste.
Both compost and digestate can play an important role in bringing the food chain full circle because this is how nutrients are returned to the field. The agricultural industry mainly uses animal fertilisers for this, while compost is more commonly used in other sectors.
What does this indicator measure?
This indicator shows the output of the fermentation of residual food streams. The various residual food streams that come from households and companies are mainly fermented or composted.
Composting is a biological process during which oxygen helps convert organic material into compost, which can then be used to improve soil quality. Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which micro-organisms convert biomass into solid digestate (fertilisers) or biogases. Both processes can play an important role in bringing the food chain full circle.<|endoftext|>Kalabalıktaki birkaç kişi bir hastalığın yayılmasının büyük kısmından sorumlu olacak. Getty Images üzerinden Pacific Press / LightRocket
Koronavirüs, her seferinde bir kişiye bulaşarak dünyayı dolaştı. Bazı hasta insanlar virüsü daha fazla yaymayabilir, ancak SARS-CoV-2 ile enfekte olan bazı insanlar epidemiyologların “süper dağıtıcılar” dediği şeydir.
Süper dağıtıcı nedir?
Ancak Ocak ayı başlarında, Çin'den Wuhan'dan, enfekte 14 sağlık çalışanı. Bu onu süper bir yayıcı olarak nitelendirir: özellikle çok sayıda başka insana bulaşmaktan sorumlu biri.
O zamandan beri, epidemiyologlar SARS-CoV-2'nin yayılmasının diğer bazı örneklerini izlediler. Güney Kore'de, Tek bir kilise hizmetine katılan 40 kişi aynı zamanda enfekte olmuşlardır. Washington eyaletinde 61 kişinin koro uygulamasında, 32 katılımcı sözleşmeli COVID-19 onayladı ve 20 vaka daha olası vakalarla geldi. Şikago'da, sosyal uzaklaşma gerçekleşmeden önce, bir akşam yemeğine, cenazeye ve daha sonra bir doğum günü partisine katılan bir kişi 15 yeni enfeksiyondan sorumlu.
Herhangi bir hastalık salgını sırasında, epidemiyologlar süper dağıtıcıların resmin bir parçası olup olmadığını hızlıca bulmak istiyorlar. Onların varlığı yeni enfeksiyonların hızını hızlandırabilir veya hastalığın coğrafi dağılımını önemli ölçüde genişletebilir.
InnerSelf'ten En Son Haberleri Alın
Bir süper yayıcının özellikleri nelerdir?
Birisinin süper yayıcı olup olmadığı patojenin, hastanın biyolojisinin ve ortamının veya davranışının bazı kombinasyonlarına bağlı olacaktır.
Bağışıklık sistemi istilacıyı bastırmakta güçlük çekerse, enfekte olmuş bazı kişiler çevreye diğerlerinden daha fazla virüs bulabilir. Bunlara ek olarak, asemptomatik bireyler - COVID-50 alanların% 19'sine kadar - istemeden daha fazla insana bulaşarak normal faaliyetlerine devam edecektir. Nihayetinde semptom gösteren insanlar bile virüsü pre-semptomatik bir aşamada iletmek.
Bir kişinin davranışları, seyahat modelleri ve başkalarıyla temas derecesi de yayılmaya katkıda bulunabilir. Enfekte bir dükkan sahibi her gün çok sayıda insan ve malla temas edebilir. Uluslararası bir iş gezgini kısa bir süre içinde dünyayı çaprazlayabilir. Hasta bir sağlık çalışanı, altta yatan diğer hastalıkların varlığı göz önüne alındığında, özellikle hassas olan çok sayıda insanla temas edebilir.
Toplumsal mesafeyi korumanın zor olduğu ve insanların seslerini yükselttiği veya göz yaşartıcı gazdan öksürdüğü kamu protestoları yayılmaya elverişli.
COVID-19'un ne kadar büyük bir kısmı süper dağıtıcılar?
Henüz hakem değerlendirilmemiş olan bazı son baskı öncesi çalışmaları, COVID-19'un dünya çapında dağılımında üst yayılmanın rolüne ışık tutmuştur.
Hong Kong'daki araştırmacılar, bireysel COVID-19 hastalarının etkileşime girdiği herkesi izlemek için temas izlemeyi kullanarak bir dizi hastalık kümesini incelediler. Bu süreçte, tek bir kişinin altı veya sekiz kadar yeni enfeksiyondan sorumlu olduğu birden fazla durum belirlediler.
Araştırmacılar,
|
8,547 | 5 | 1 |
c system in 1963; by recording cue tones on the tape, the editor could make frame-accurate edits.
RCA had an "electronic splicer" in their TR-4/5 and TR-22 VTRs for frame-accurate edits.
In 1967 EECO created and introduced the EECO-900 edit controller, which used their proprietary On-Time time code (the later and more standard SMPTE time code had not yet been developed), which was used in conjunction with the quad machines of the time, and was the successor to Ampex's Editec. The EECO-900 and On-Time timecode were developed from EECO's previous work and products developed for NASA for logging and timecoding of their telemetry tapes during space missions.
In 1971, CMX, a collaborative between CBS and Memorex, introduced the first computer-based edit controller using SMPTE time code for editing. The CMX 200 could control both the source (A-roll) and record (B-roll) quad VTRs. CMX continued to make more powerful edit controllers capable of controlling more VTRs and peripheral devices, such as switchers, DVEs and character generators.
In 1976, Bosch introduced the Mach One list-management edit controller, a lower-cost (and less powerful) post-production alternative to CMX edit controllers. At the time, both CMX and Bosch edit controllers utilized similar DEC computers as their basic hardware. The Fernseh division of Bosch in Germany released the BCM-40 quadruplex VTR in the 1970s. It was only marketed in Europe, and was not sold in the U.S.
As 1" Type B and 1" Type C VTRs came on the market, list-management editing bays sometimes used a combination of both 1" and 2" VTRs; however, 2" VTRs soon began to disappear from both broadcast and post-production facilities, as the newer 1" machines were smaller, more dependable, used tape that was far less expensive to purchase, and were capable of recording stereo audio tracks.
- VR-1000 (1956) (VRX-1000) FM Low band, three racks of tubes, monochrome. No timebase correction.
- VR-1000 "Allen" or "Allenized" update kits (made for Ampex by Steve Allen at Allen Electronics) to color solid state, FM high band updateable, solid state servo system.
- VR-1001 VR-1000 with the transport vertical.
- VR-2000 (1964) Solid state, first color-capable quad VTR with high band. Optional Editec, Dropout compensation. Mark 10 head. Analog TBC.
- VR-1100E (1966) Solid-state VR-1000.
- VR-1195 (1966) VR1100 with many Ampex updates.
- VR-1200 (1966) Solid state, color high-band. Analog TBC. Optional Editec. Scaled-down economy version of the VR-2000.
- VR-3000 (1967) Portable VTR with a Mark 11 ball-bearing head. All-format VTR (NTSC/PAL/SECAM, 15 IPS/7.5 IPS, high-band/low-band). Digital TBC was possible, but required extensive mechanical modifications to the basic unit. Battery- or line-powered.
- VR-3000B Portable VTR Improved version of VR-3000. Digital TBC was available as a plug-in accessory, and required no modifications to the basic unit. Improved batteries.
- AVR-1 (1973) Very fast VTR, vacuum columns, vacuum capstan, air transport. NTSC/PAL switchable. Analog TBC.
- ACR-25 (1974) Cart VTR, with two AVR-1 type decks.
- ACR-25B (1975) Cart VTR, ACR-25 with AVR-2 digital TBC.
- AVR-2 (1974) Digital TBC, compact Quad used in studios and remote trucks. Uses 110-volt single-phase AC (other quad models require 220-volt or 3-phase AC service, although the AVR-2 can be wired for either 110- or 220-volt service).
- AVR-3 (1975) Last Ampex Quad, digital TBC. Vacuum capstan. Super high band.
The VR-2000 & VR-1200 (and the VR-1100E & VR-1195, as well as some updated VR-1000 VTRs) used modules to correct the playback time base errors of the videotape. The list of modules are:
- Amtec: Horizontal TBC. All that was needed for B&W playback.
- Colortec: Color TBC in line after the Amtec for color playback.
- Editec: (1963) Cue tone editor for frame accurate editing.
- Velcomp: Color velocity TBC correction for better color playback. Optional on some models.
- Procamp: Processing amplifier on the final output. New composite sync insertion, level adjustment. Note: all quad VTRs have a procamp so as to obtain a standardized output from a recording. Ampex procamps were occasionally used to clean-up, hence to standardize network feeds.
- Dropout compensation (DOC): Replaced snowy video spots where the FM signal on the tape is missing momentarily, caused by a defect or dust particles on the tape. Optional on some models, both Ampex and 3M made different models of DOC modules for quad VTRs that can interface with such.
- The components of the VTR were the servo system, video record (modulator) and playback de-modulator) and power supply.
- TRT-1A (1957) Tube VTR, 4 racks of tubes.
- TRT-1B (1959) Tube VTR, three racks. An available option for color expanded this machine to six racks, which included the color processing equipment and color monitor.
- TRT-1AC Prototype
- TR-2 (1960) Tube VTR with some solid state. Low band or monochrome.
- TR-11 (1961) Tube VTR with solid state PS-Power supply.
- TR-22 (1961) Monochrome low band, later color version.
- TR-22C (1964) High-band color.
- TR-2 (1964) Record-only solid state.
- TR-3 (1964) Playback-only solid state.
- TR-4 (1964) Both, solid state.
- TR-5 (1964) Console portable solid state.
- TR-22D (1966)
- TR-70 (1966) Solid state, high/low band with dropout compensation. High-band & low band color or monochrome. RCA's multi-standard machine
- TR-70C (1967) TR-70 with digital TBC.
- TR-50 (1967) TR-4 high band.
- TR-60 (1969) High-band & low band color or monochrome. TR-60 is an updated TR-50. RCA's multi-standard machine 405/525/625 lines. The TR-60 and TR-70 were used in a master/slave configuration with the TCR-100 cart machines timesharing the video processing circuitry of the TR-60 and TR-70 machines when a SPU was not installed with the TCR100.
- TCR-100 (1970) Dual-deck video cartridge machine. SPU-100 was the signal processing unit. Had many air-operated mechanisms
- TR-61 (1972) High-band color, digital servo system, NTSC/PAL switchable, TR-60 is an updated TR-50.
- TPR-10 (1975) High-band color portable. Larger than a VR-3000, Had color playback, US air force use a few.
- TR-600 (1972) Last RCA Quad. Digital TBC, compact quad used in studios and remote trucks.
- BM-20 B&W unit.
- BCM-40 (1970) Solid state, analog TBC.
- BCM-40C (1972) Updated BCM-40
Комета (Kometa), Soviet Union
- Кадр-1 (Kadr-1), B&W unit, tubes, 1961.
- Кадр-1Ц (Kadr-1Ts), color unit, tubes.
- Кадр-3 (Kadr-3), color unit, solid-state, 1968.
- Кадр-3П (Kadr-3P), 2 racks version of Kadr-3 intended for production trucks.
- Кадр-3ПМ (Kadr-3PM).
- Кадр-5 (Kadr-5), a soviet AVR1 look alike.
(Note: The russian word «кадр» (kadr) meaning “frame”).
ЛОМО (LOMO), Soviet Union
- Электрон-2М (Electron-2M).
- Sony made an experimental 2" VTR in 1958, after seeing an Ampex VTR at NHK, but never sold any 2" quadruplex VTRs.
- The VA-50 and VA-100 made by Visual Electronics, USA. (1965-1970)
- WZT (Warszawskie Zakłady Telewizyjne, Poland) made VTR MW-623 (prototype in 1963) then improved to MW-645 (1965, commonly used in Polish Television) and finally 100% solid state MW-700C (1971). The VTRs were never sold abroad.
Because the Ampex VR-3000 model was self-contained portable, the U.S. military used it in a wide variety of reconnaissance applications in various vehicles and aircraft. Its ability to accurately record a wide bandwidth of signals, especially high-frequency signals, was a definite advantage for signals intelligence applications.
2-inch quad today
This section does not cite any sources. (April 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
2-inch quad is no longer used as a mainstream format in TV broadcasting and video production, having long ago been supplanted by easier-to-use, more practical and lower-maintenance analog tape formats like 1" Type C (1976), U-matic and Betacam. Television and video industry changes to digital video tape (DVCAM, DVCPro and Digital Betacam) and high-definition (HDCAM) are making analog tape formats increasingly obsolete.
When it was in use, 2-inch quad VTRs required ongoing maintenance, usually 3-phase power or one-phase 230 V to operate, plus an air compressor to provide air pressure for the air bearing that the spinning transverse headwheel rode on due to its high rotational speed (some quad VTRs, such as the portable Ampex VR-3000, used ball bearings instead due to the lack of availability of compressed air, but these wore out quickly).
Operation of VR-1000-era machines required the skills of a highly trained video engineer. When a tape was changed, the operator spent as much as half-an-hour, "lining-up" the VTR — that is, carrying out specialized technical adjustments to calibrate the machine to the tape before it was ready for playback. From VR-1200/2000 onward, improvements in head manufacturing/refurbishing tolerances, timebase correction, and greater thermal stability of solid-state electronics made tape changes possible in under a minute and servo calibrations needed only once per shift. From AVR-1 onward, servos were self calibrating and tape changes as fast as the operator could articulate threading.
The few quadruplex VTRs which remain in service are used for the transfer and/or restoration of archival 2-inch quad videotape material to newer data storage formats, although mainstream TV serials from the 1950s to late 1960s have mostly already been remastered onto more modern media some years ago, even digitized within the last decade.
- 2 Inch open reel to reel analog video system
- Vacuum guide to support videotape for record
- Tape speed 15 ips. (381 mm/s) [7.5 ips in half speed mode)
- Video record FM signal
- One analog control track (240Hz) 20 mils [bottom of videotape]
- Two analog audio tracks: 2 audio tracks or one audio and one cue tone track or one audio track and one linear timecode track
- Analog audio track 70 mils [top of videotape]
- Analog audio cue track 20 mils
- Video track angle 89.5 deg.
- Video track height/length ~ 1.82 inches, ~ 46.2mm
- Four video record/play heads at 90 deg. (rotary transformer - Ampex, rotary brush - RCA)
- Drum dia. 2 inches - (5.08mm)
- Video penetration ~ .002 inches - 50 micron
- 525-lines video has 32 video tracks
- 625-lines video has 40 video tracks
- Video scanner rotation: 525 line 14,400 rpm (240 rps) (1,000 stripes per second), 625 15,000 rpm
- Video head write speed: 525 line 1508 ips (38.3 m/s), 625 39.9 m/sec (1570.8 ips)
- Video track width 10 mils - .25mm
- Video track pitch 15.6 mils - .40mm
- 16.4 horizontal lines per head in 525. (64 lines recorded per rotation of the head drum assembly)
- Video track per second 960.
- Studio reel ~60 minutes, 4,800 feet.
- Video FM modes: Low band, High Band, B&W, Super High Band
- Contrast with helical scan recording
- Erhard Kietz's work at Ampex
- Ampex 2 inch helical VTR
- Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project, recovered still images from physically similar tapes
- "Chapter 6 - All About Videotape". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- "Quad Videotape Group-Quad History-Page Index". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- "Chapter 5 - The VTR". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- "Videotape Formats". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- Wink Hackman; Expert training for Sony MVS users worldwide Retrieved September 17, 2015
- "Equipment Museum". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- "Chapter 9 - VTR Interchangeability". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- Wolpin, Stewart. "The Race to Video Archived April 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine". Invention & Technology, Fall 1994.
- "History of Tape Recording Technology". Archived from the original on 3 June 2004. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- Mark I head from lionlamb.us
- Mark I head and chart
- danalee.ca Transverse Quad chart
- "Ampex demonstrates videotape recording". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- "Chapter 14 - Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Minor Repairs". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- Mark II from lionlamb.us
- Mark III
- Mark 4
- VRX-1000 being made at Ampex
- "The First Videotape Machines at KRLD-TV". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- "How Much Should a Tape Recorder Cost? [Ampex ad]" Broadcasting-Telecasting, 15 October 1956, 220. http://americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1956/1956-10-15-Quarter-Century-BC.pdf
- The museum for retired broadcasting equipment in the UK
- "Announcing the New Ampex VR-1000B," Broadcasting-Telecasting, 22 June 1959, 58-59. http://americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1959/1959-06-22-BC.pdf
- "Charles P. Ginsburg". Memorial Tributes: National Academy of Engineering, Vol. 7. 1994: The National Academies Press, Washington DC.
- Val Adams, "C.B.S. Shows Off Tape-Recorded TV", New York Times, Dec 21, 1956, p. 43.
- CBS, 1956, VR-1000 in use photo from javeriana.edu.co
- "Daily N.B.C. Show Will Be on Tape", New York Times, Jan. 18, 1957, p. 31.
- terramedia.co.uk Ampex Team Photo 1956
- Ampex Team Photo with Emmy from photobucket.com
- Ellis, John; Hall, Nick (2017): ADAPT. figshare. Collection.https://doi.org/10.17637/rh.c.3925603.v1
- "Ampex Quad Catalog". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- "VR-1000 VTR". Flickr - Photo Sharing!. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- Alex Poniatoff (Ampex) introduces the VR1000, Photo from javeriana.edu.co
- "Ampex Video Recorder VR1000". Science Museum Group Collection. Science Museum Group. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- Quad video tape group, Quad History, Ampex, Bosch Quad Video Recorders, Quad Videotape Stories, Visual/Allen, November 12, 2014
- VR-1000E.jpg photo
- "Ampex 2 Inch Helical Vtr". World News. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- VR-1200 photo
- "LabGuy's World: Ampex VR-3000 Portable Quadruplex VTR 40th Anniversary!". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- "$42,000 Ampex VR-3000 Camcorder from 1967". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- AVR-1 from quadvideotapegroup.com
- AVR-1 from quadvideotapegroup.com
- "1979 ACR Hemingway". Flickr - Photo Sharing!. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- ACR-25B photo
- "1995 - Lisa Fillingham with ACR-25 (VC2)". Flickr - Photo Sharing!. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- AVR-3 Photo from fr.wikipedia.org
- Photo of Ampex correct units, wikipedia
- "RCA Quad Equipment Catalog". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- "RCA TRT-1 VTR". Flickr - Photo Sharing!. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- "Dave's Blog » Confessions of a Tape Head". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- TRT-1A 1957, add
- "1971 VT area - Peter Partridge". Flickr - Photo Sharing!. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- "RCA TRT-1B VIDEO TAPE". Flickr - Photo Sharing!. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- videopreservation.conservation-us.org NBC TRT-1AC Room
- "Western Australian Television History (WA TV History) » Blog Archive » Video Editing". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- Kool TV Tr-22
- "RCA TR-3 VTR". Flickr - Photo Sharing!. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- "A K Dart dot com
|
8,547 | 5 | 2 |
institutions need to focus on both roles: certifying sustainability and generating rents. 18 E. The Role of the International Institution: Generating Appropriable Rents 1. The object of an international institution must be the generation of the maximum appropriable rents to those production systems which are certified as sustainable. Management must not simply allow trade or ban it 2. The international institution should attempt to achieve the maximum rents for the certified producers by: a) determining a revenue maximising aggregate quota and allocating it between certified producers; and b) investing in the monitoring required to ensure exclusive purchasing from certified producers. The Vicufia Case study illustrates these points. A simple ban on the use of vicuna initially provided the necessary management to reverse the decline of this species. However, as the species expanded to its carrying capacity, poaching resumed. One factor was the reluctance of local communities to share their lands with vicunas, which were believed to compete with domestic livestock for grazing. The alternative for them was simply to replace them with domesticated species. This pressure could be counterbalanced by some sort of management system that would cause vicuna production to be as lucrative as the alternative land use: llamas and alpacas. This could not be achieved simply by allowing the trade to resume in an unmanaged fashion; instead, a producers' cooperative was formed which allowed all products to flow through one channel. So long as consumers agree to exclusive purchase from this conduit (and enforce their agreement), the price of vicuna products can be controlled through restricted sales. International institutions need to induce consumer states to agree to provide exclusive markets to those regimes which are certified as sustainable. This enables the certified producers to receive the greatest rents from their production, and hence have the greatest incentives to invest, provided they form cooperatives that determine aggregate production and allocate quotas. The price differential that results (between that afforded the certified cooperative and the uncertified suppliers) will be the rents that flow to sustainable management. This price differential will only be maintained to the extent that consumer states agree to provide exclusive markets, and then monitor and enforce this agreement. 19 E. Commercial Use of Vicuna The vicuiia (Vicugna vicugna) is one of the South American camelids along with the guanaco (Lama guanicoe). the llama (Lama glama) and the alpaca (Lama pacos). While vicuna and guanacos are wild, the llamas and alpacas are their domesticated counterpart, a process of selection that appears to have started between 7,000 and 6,000 years ago. The vicuna inhabits the Andean highlands, between 3,000 and 4,600 m. Its range currently extends over large areas of Peru (80,000), north of Argentina (23,000) and Chile (25,000), and west of Bolivia (12,000) (see Map 5). Hunted for their precious wool, which is the finest in the world, the vicuna was near to extinction by the late 1960s. With the European invasion, a trade in fibre was developed, involving the killing of the animal. The few attempts to regulate the use of vicunas up to this century failed and uncontrolled hunting continued until the species reached near extinction, with just an estimated 10.000 individuals left in the 1950's. Map 5. Distribution of Vicugna vicugna Vicuna wool has been long praised for its softness and fineness. Its current scarcity also adds to the high prices commanded by the few items traded internationally. Vicuna wool (or rather fleece) is regarded as a luxury fibre along with Alpaca, Angora, Cashmere, Camel hair, Mohair, Musk Ox and, Yak, which are noted for their fineness, scarcity, unique appearance and status. It is a very exclusive market, with production of all luxury fibres representing less than 3% of annual sheepwool production by weight. Vicuna is considered the finest and rarest of all, and its softness and colour are highly valued, commanding the highest prices. Conservation efforts to protect the vicuna started in Peru in 1969, with the creation of the Pampa Galeras National Reserve. Subsequently, range states have coordinated conservation efforts through several Figure 5. Total estimated vicuna population in Peri, 1965-1994. 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 Vicuna agreement and Pampa Galeras created Custody and usufruct to communities : Ml po p . App . jx — O Some pop. moved App I >App II Cloth trials. No trade. Fibre export. ^ O Export agreement agreements. In 1969 the first agreement for the protection of the vicuna was signed. Peru and Bolivia signed in 1969, with Argentina joining in 1971 and Chile in 1972. The agreement banned all international and internal 20 trade in vicuna products and prohibited the export of fertile individuals to third parties. The vicuna was also listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1975, ratified by all range states and banning all international trade in the species. These coordination efforts for conservation at the international level created a strong base for cooperation among range states. As a result, the vicuna experienced an impressive recovery during the last 30 years, particularly in Peru (see Figure 5).. From an estimated 6,000 over the four range countries in 1965, the vicuna reached 10,000 by 1970, 101,215 in 1983 and around 154,000 by 1992. However, financial and physical requirements to effectively protect those areas has not grown at the same rate. Pipre J. Mtftu n<(* ■ leftl nuita ' i ■- 31 -> '.-.i-s to* ,, ... .-.i u ou itss: «_ T LoaJ connaa fl20) *■ T or TOIaicrODOam: CamBUuiyi TaUaluuw JO*trf trou ▼ f l 0*(*pOD»«m: y \ NimmI Anoaw (1) 1 \ i 1 USDJOOAj USD200/m 1. 2.000 tf a* f J<- USD1SO.00O Jleoocl Ciu! ulti " COoda *sr s=x T LopjPuik* * AfoouS.P.A. Advaumi i i r USD 6.000/ca USD* 000 /(v ^d™_ (*► F trcnuuu j*™«V.ad -Sr, ntemec US DMO 000. ^" a Repte )t« Ciriaf MsUKcai Studies in Chile suggest that the vicuna population has reached the carrying capacity of the habitat, given the existing livestock. At the regional level, some areas show significant overstocking, as in the Lauca National Park. As populations recovered, the competition over habitat with domestic livestock (llamas and alpacas) increased, being this one of the factors behind the increase in poaching. These factors made the involvement of the local communities essential for the long term protection of the species. One way to create incentives for conservation and protection of the vicuna at the local level was to reopen trade in vicuna wool, which can be extracted by shearing live vicunas with little impact on wild populations, and generating revenue for local communities. This was the philosophy behind the second vicuna agreement in 1979. In recent years, initiatives to reopen a legal trade in vicuna fibre have taken concrete form and Peru and Chile are already exporting/processing vicuna fibre for commercial purposes. In 1986, the trademark "Vicuhandes" was registered and some populations in Peru were downlisted to Appendix II in CITES to allow export of cloth made with fibre from live animals. In the last Conference of the Parties (Fort Lauderdale 1994) this was taken further and all Peruvian populations were downlisted to Appendix II. The downlisting was conditional on the trade in fibre from live vicunas. In Peru in 1991, legal reforms altered the status of the vicunas in communal lands, returning them to the local communities in usufruct and custody, thus enabling their use under state regulation. Communal Vicuna Committees have been created since then as a means to protect, negotiate and regulate the use of the vicuna, complementing state protection. The National Vicuna Breeders' Society (NBS), encompassing all regional associations, is the legal body representing the communities. Since Vicuna fibre is difficult to process given its fineness and relatively short staple length, the management authorities sought to create a joint venture with the industry. In order to get better prices, the NBS put out for tender the processing of the stock of fibre accumulated until 1993. A total of 2,000 tonnes of fibre and 200 metres of cloth from early trials were offered. The tender was for a two year participation agreement, requiring the applicant to guarantee a direct processing line to the final consumer. 21 The resulting agreement was very advantageous, and several funds for development and conservation were secured. The International Vicuna Consortium, the winning Italo-Penivian venture, gained in exchange exclusive use for two years of the trademark and marketing of existing stocks of fibre. Figure 6 illustrates the various aspects of the agreement. Revenues from the agreement will be channelled back to the communities through the National Vicuna Breeders' Society. At present, Peru's Rural communities are collecting fibre for the next tender which should take place in 1996. 22 F. The Need for a Sustainable Use Certification Protocol 1. The sustainable use certification should occur within the context of an international multilateral agreement. 2. A protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity for the establishment of a sustainable use certification mechanism is necessary. 3. The mechanism should be extended to apply to the widest range of values possible, including non-use values. As indicated in the case study on certification, there are at present a large number of formal and informal certification programmes. Many of these comply with many of the principles set forth above. Nevertheless, it is important that this plethora of programmes be replaced by a single multilateral mechanism for accomplishing these objectives. There are two primary reasons for doing so, both concerned with the establishment of the credibility of the certification mechanism. First, the fundamental purpose of the establishment of such a mechanism is to allow consumers to convey the additional value that they attach to natural habitat back to producers who sustain it. The only task that must be accomplished in order to attain this object is the development of a credible mechanism for assuring consumers of this result. A legal obligation by the consumer state to monitor and enforce this mechanism, together with an international auditing mechanism to confirm this, is the highest form of assurance that may be achieved. Secondly, sustainability must be assessed according to an agreed criterion, not a multitude of possible standards. An international authority would establish the international scientific committee required to agree consensus-based standards, and it could establish the international monitoring committee that would agree the basis for surveying with respect to those standards. The development of a single multilateral agency to perform these tasks would eliminate the wasteful replication involved in the establishment of numerous unofficial bodies doing the same things. All that is required is a small multilateral agency composed of a scientific committee that establishes the criteria for sustainability and a monitoring committee that audits the performance of both consumer and producer states. These tasks cannot be accomplished within the framework established under CITES. First, CITES is exclusively concerned with those species which are endangered or potentially threatened through commercial use; the required certification mechanism must be applicable to all the possible products from natural habitat utilisation, endangered or not. Secondly, the framework of CITES is directed to a very different purpose - the monitoring and halting of trade in endangered species; the object of a certification mechanism is to maximise the differential premium attainable from sustainable utilisation production methods. Finally, it is important to recognise that there are many people who value wildlife for purposes other than use values, and that a multilateral agency could also harness these values and channel them back to the range states. In this case the agency would not certify the wildlife product as sustainable, but would instead certify the state's commitment to provide specific habitats or 23 conservation programmes as credible. In this way. individuals in consumer states could be assured that their donation would be channelled in the precise manner that the certification asserted. It is precisely the same certification process, only attached to a programme rather than a specific product. 24 F. Certification programme and the sustainable use of forest products. There has been an increasing trend towards the use of markets to enhance conservation incentives at the local level in developing countries. A significant "green" market has evolved, with both traditional and new products reaching the marketplace. This growth of environmentally aware consumerism has led to a plethor of labels appearing in the market making doubtful claims about products as firms try to capture the "green" premium from consumers. A study in 1991 by WWF UK found over 600 different timber firms making ecolabel claims for their wood products, of which only four were willing to substantiate their marketing claims" NGOs have also established their own formal or informal "certification" programme. Informal ones have relied on the use of the NGO's reputation and use its emblem in the labels with some information on the product's characteristics. This has been the case in many non-timber products such as those from the Conservation International's Cultural Survival Enterprises, the Body Shop and Ben & Jerry's, who lack third party verification. Formal certification schemes have been created through independent bodies with set criteria to assess the sustainability of forest management; among these are the Rainforest Alliance's "Smart Wood" (US), Scientific Certification Services' "Green Cross" (US), Soil Association's "Woodmark" (UK) and the Societe General de Surveillance (Switzerland). Even governments, such as Indonesia, have taken measures aimed at identifying wood products from acceptable sources. The consequences of this proliferation of labels has been confusion among consumers, who cannot link a label to sound conservation practices. A step forward in unifying all certification programme has been the creation in 1993 of the Forest Stewardship Council, an independent, non-profit, and non-governmental organization, aiming to provide consumers with reliable information about forest products and their sources. Involving representatives from governments. NGOs. indigenous peoples' organizations and forest industry, the FSC is seeking to accommodate the views of all stakeholders involved, acknowledging the need for wide support and recognition of it is to be credible. Previous global certification efforts by governments through organizations such as ITTO. where progress has been slow, have highlighted the limitations of a government approach ignoring the NGO and industry perspective. The FSC is not a certifier of forest products, but its role is to accredit, evaluate and monitor certifiers of forest products. Through its principles, the FSC requires certifiers to assess a wide range of criteria, from land tenure to indigenous peoples' and community rights as well as environmental and monitoring standards. A major step of the FSC was the inclusion of both temperate and tropical forest products, hence involving a fairer commitment for both developed and developing countries. Figure 7. UK surveys on the Willingness to Pay for Sustainably produced Tropical Timber WWFs study consumer's average WTP (13.6) / consumers' expected WTP by In order to allow for national ^ 10 -'-' V^^ Milland's study average WTP (6.35) provisions, the FSC is encouraging the creation of National Working Groups to draft country specific interpretations and expansion of the principles. This is necessary to allow differences in tropical and temperate areas and other social and political conditions. Despite the apparent difficulties in establishing unified criteria, the process was eased by the tacit harmonisation of existing criteria. Indeed, comparative studies of the various forest sustainability criteria used by various NGOs and governments have shown a high degree of similarity in their objectives. 100 % Consumers 25 Key to the creation of product differentiation was the issue of product discrimination by method of production, explicitly prohibited by GATT. For this reason, the approach has been to certify on a voluntary basis, with no legal restriction on imports; hence, the system must work purely on consumer preferences. With regard to differentiated access to certification services by operations in the developed and developing countries, measures are being taken, with some previous certification systems, such as Smart Wood, explicitly non-discriminating on the basis of cost. The certification process promoted by FSC involves both forest management certification and product certification. The first involves the assessment of the viability of the operation at the grassroots level, while the product certification involves tracing the wood from source through the supply chain to the final products (chain-of-custody). While more expensive than alternative systems like country certification, this method allows for greater credibility of the label as well as a greater involvement of higher stages of industry in the certification process. To date, 40 major retailers in the UK, representing 5% of the entire UK market for wood-based products, have publicly committed to buy FSC-accredited certified products by the end of 1995, a trade representing some USD 2 billion per year. In the US, 41 wood suppliers have been certified by a third party. At grassroots level, 19 forests have been certified, covering 4.26 million hectares and 1.2 million cubic metres per year. More than half of these are tropical forests. The real test for this encouraging response from industry and NGOs will be the consumers' real willingness to pay for certified wood. Studies conducted to date show that consumers are expected to pay between 5% and 13.5%. However, retailing companies are still very much influenced in their buying decisions by price rather than environmental issues (see Figure 7). The creation of exclusive marketing channels for the low volumes produced by "sustainable harvesting" projects has proven to be costly, with NGOs and government often subsidising the production of these projects at least during the pilot phase. It has been estimated that harvesting costs could almost double by the use of sustainable techniques. Additionally, certification costs are as yet uncertain but substantial. Governments and NGOs will have to play an active role in promoting the use of certified wood in order to create this price differential. In addition to the capture of consumer willingness to pay for sustainably produced timber, the establishment of a credible ecolabel will also allow the use of other creative mechanisms to internalise the environmental externalities in the forests, such as lax or revenue transfers and trade subsidies. Such mechanisms could encompass wider resource values other than use. 26 Recommendation It is the considered recommendation of this project team that the above principles be implemented by means of the adoption of a protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity that would certify sustainable use regimes in the manner described above. The object of the protocol would be the establishment of an agency for the following purposes: a) the development and implementation of a set of agreed standards on the sustainable use of natural habitats; b) the development and implementation of monitoring and auditing mechanisms that ensure that member states purchase exclusively those products that have been certified to meet these sustainable use standards. These objects would be accomplished by the implementation of the following tasks: a) the establishment of agreed criteria for sustainable use based upon stock level indicators in specified habitats; b) the establishment of procedures for assessing the attainment of certain indicator levels in specified habitats as against specified criteria of sustainability; c) the auditing of the performance of applicants for certification, and the continued auditing of the performance of existing certificants; d) the auditing of the performance of consumer states in the execution of exclusive purchasing agreements; and e) the provision of market information to certified producers regarding rent-maximising aggregate flows of particular wildlife products, and the monitoring of these flows. In order to accomplish these tasks, the international agency would consist of
|
8,547 | 5 | 3 |
- tuzlu su gargaralar
- pastil ve öksürük damlaları
- burun spreyi
- limon ve ballı sıcak çay
Reçetesiz satılan alerji ilaçları ve burun spreylerinin kullanılması, alerjilerin neden olduğu kaşıntılı bir boğazını rahatlatabilir. Soğuk algınlığı için, reçetesiz bir soğuk ilaç yardımcı olabilir.
önleme
Kaşıntılı bir boğaza eğilimli olanların birinin meydana gelmesini önlemek için atabileceği adımlar vardır.Bu adımlar kaşıntılı boğazın nedenine göre değişir.
Çoğu insan, aşağıdakileri yaparsa kaşıntılı bir boğaz riskini azaltabileceklerini görecektir:
- Sigarayı bırakmak
- bolca su iç
- kafein ve alkolden kaçının
- Soğuk algınlığı ve grip mevsiminde sık sık ellerinizi yıkayın
- pencereleri açmamak ve alerji mevsiminde dışarı çıkmamak
Ne zaman doktora görünmek
Bir doktor her zaman kaşıntılı bir boğazını incelemeye gerek duymaz. Aslında, kaşıntılı bir boğaz çoğu zaman kendi kendine bakımına iyi cevap verir.
Semptomlar 10 günden uzun sürerse, kötüye giderse veya kendi kendine bakım vermezse, doktoru aramalıdır.
Aşağıdaki belirtilerden herhangi biri eşlik eden kaşıntılı bir boğazda insanlar hemen bir doktora görünmelidir:
- nefes darlığı
- hırıltılı
- kurdeşen
- Yüzün şişmesi
- şiddetli bir boğaz ağrısı
- ateş
- yutma güçlüğü
Yukarıdaki durumlardan herhangi biri acil tıbbi bakım, antibiyotik tedavisi veya antiviral ilaç tedavisi veya ciddi alerjilerin yönetimini gerektirebilir.
Ürün kalitesini temel alarak bağlantılı öğeleri seçtik ve sizin için en uygun olanı belirleyebilmeniz için her birinin artılarını ve eksilerini listeledik. Bu ürünleri satan bazı şirketlerle iş ortaklığı yapıyoruz. Bu da, Healthline UK anlamına geliyor ve ortaklarımız, yukarıda bir bağlantı (lar) kullanarak bir satın alma işlemi gerçekleştirirseniz, bir kısım gelir elde edebilir.<|endoftext|>Henry Gray (18251861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
aspect of the central canal. The fibers run forward through the medulla oblongata, and emerge in the antero-lateral sulcus between the pyramid and the olive.
The rootlets of this nerve are collected into two bundles, which perforate the dura mater separately, opposite the hypoglossal canal in the occipital bone, and unite together after their passage through it; in some cases the canal is divided into two by a small bony spicule. The nerve descends almost vertically to a point corresponding with the angle of the mandible. It is at first deeply seated beneath the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein, and intimately connected with the vagus nerve; it then passes forward between the vein and artery, and lower down in the neck becomes superficial below the Digastricus. The nerve then loops around the occipital artery, and crosses the external carotid and lingual arteries below the tendon of the Digastricus. It passes beneath the tendon of the Digastricus, the Stylohyoideus, and the Mylohyoideus, lying between the last-named muscle and the Hyoglossus, and communicates at the anterior border of the Hyoglossus with the lingual nerve; it is then continued forward in the fibers of the Genioglossus as far as the tip of the tongue, distributing branches to its muscular substance.<|endoftext|>(eczema) is a condition that causes dry, itchy and also irritated skin. It’s usual in children yet can occur at any type of age. Atopic dermatitis is long long-term (chronic) and has a tendency to flare occasionally. It can be annoying but it’s not infectious.
People with atopic dermatitis go to threat of creating food allergic reactions, hay fever as well as bronchial asthma.
Moisturizing frequently and also complying with various other skin care habits can relieve itching and prevent new episodes (flares). Therapy may additionally include medicated ointments or creams.
Atopic dermatitis on the chest
Atopic dermatitis on the chestOpen pop-up dialog boxInfantile eczema
Childish eczemaOpen pop-up dialog box
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) signs can show up anywhere on the body as well as vary extensively from one person to another. They might consist of:
Dry, cracked skin
Breakout on puffy skin that varies in color relying on your skin color.
Little, increased bumps, on black or brownish skin.
Oozing and crusting .
Darkening of the skin around the eyes.
Raw, sensitive skin from square one.
Atopic dermatitis frequently starts prior to age 5 and might proceed right into the teen and also adult years. For some people, it flares and then cleans up for a time, even for several years.
When to see a physician.
Talk with a healthcare supplier if you or your kid:.
Has signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis.
Is so uncomfortable that the problem is impacting rest as well as everyday tasks.
Has a skin infection– seek new streaks, pus, yellow scabs.
Has signs and symptoms even after attempting self-care actions.
If you or your youngster has the rash and a high temperature looks infected, seek immediate medical interest.
In some people, atopic dermatitis is connected to a genetics variation that affects the skin’s capability to provide protection. With a weak obstacle feature, the skin is much less able to retain dampness and also shield against germs, toxic irritants, allergens and environmental variables– such as cigarette smoke. Eczema Distribution
In other individuals, atopic dermatitis is brought on by way too much of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus on the skin. This displaces valuable germs and also interrupts the skin’s obstacle feature.
A weak skin barrier function could also trigger an body immune system action that creates the inflamed skin and also other symptoms.
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is among numerous types of dermatitis. Various other usual kinds are call dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff). Dermatitis isn’t transmittable.
The primary risk element for atopic dermatitis is having actually had eczema, allergic reactions, hay fever or asthma in the past. Having member of the family with these problems additionally enhances your danger.
Difficulties of atopic dermatitis (eczema) may include:.
Asthma as well as hay fever. Many individuals with atopic dermatitis develop asthma and hay fever. This can occur before or after establishing atopic dermatitis.
Food allergies. Individuals with atopic dermatitis commonly establish food allergic reactions. Among the main signs and symptoms of this condition is hives (urticaria).
Persistent itchy, flaky skin. A skin condition called neurodermatitis (lichen simplex chronicus) begins with a patch of itchy skin. You damage the area, which offers only temporary alleviation. Due to the fact that it activates the nerve fibers in your skin, scraping actually makes the skin itchier. With time, you might scratch out of behavior. This problem can trigger the afflicted skin to end up being discolored, thick and leathery .
Patches of skin that’s darker or lighter than the bordering area. This complication after the breakout has actually healed is called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. It’s more common in individuals with brown or Black skin. It could take numerous months for the staining to fade.
Repetitive scraping that damages the skin can create open sores and cracks. These skin infections can spread out as well as end up being life-threatening.
Irritant hand dermatitis. This specifically affects individuals whose hands are often wet as well as exposed to harsh soaps, cleaning agents and disinfectant at the office.
Sensitive get in touch with dermatitis is an scratchy breakout caused by touching materials you’re sensitive to. The color of the breakout varies depending on your skin color.
Rest problems. The irritation of atopic dermatitis can interfere with sleep.
Psychological health and wellness problems. Atopic dermatitis is associated with clinical depression as well as anxiousness. This might be connected to the consistent irritation and also sleep problems common amongst people with atopic dermatitis.
Creating a standard skin treatment regimen may aid stop eczema flares. The complying with suggestions might help in reducing the drying effects of bathing:.
Moisturize your skin at the very least twice a day. Select a product or items that function well for you.
Making use of oil jelly on your baby’s skin may assist stop advancement of atopic dermatitis.
Take a day-to-day bath or shower. Use cozy, instead of hot, water and also limit your bathroom or shower to about 10 minutes.
Soap can be especially bothersome to the skin of young children. For individuals of any age, deodorant soaps and anti-bacterial soaps can remove too much of the skin’s natural oils and dry the skin. Do not scrub the skin with a clean cloth or loofah.
Pat completely dry. After showering, gently pat the skin with a soft towel. Apply moisturizer while your skin is still moist (within 3 mins).
The triggers for atopic dermatitis vary extensively from one person to another. Attempt to determine as well as prevent toxic irritants that trigger your eczema. Generally, avoid anything that triggers an itch due to the fact that damaging usually causes a flare.
Common triggers for atopic dermatitis include:.
Harsh woollen textile.
Warmth and also sweat.
Cleaning up products.
Dust mites and also family pet dander.
Mold and mildew.
Smoke from cigarette.
Cold and completely dry air.
Various other bothersome chemicals.
Infants and children might have flares caused by eating particular foods, such as eggs and cow’s milk. Talk with your youngster’s healthcare service provider about recognizing prospective food allergic reactions.
Once you comprehend what triggers your eczema, talk with your health care provider about how to manage your signs and avoid flares. Eczema Distribution<|endoftext|>双鱼座的欧美明星：他们是谁？
双鱼座是一个富有艺术气质和浪漫情怀的星座，因此在娱乐圈中，有许多具有双鱼座特质的欧美明星。以下是一些双鱼座的知名明星：
1. Rihanna（蕾哈娜）
作为一位多才多艺的歌手、词曲创作人和时尚偶像，蕾哈娜展现了双鱼座的创造力和个性魅力。她的音乐作品和时尚风格都充满了浪漫和神秘感，深受全球粉丝的喜爱。
2. Drew Barrymore（德鲁·巴里摩尔）
德鲁·巴里摩尔是一位备受认可的演员和导演，她的表演风格充满了情感和灵性。像许多双鱼座一样，她具有极大的想象力和表演天赋，能够将角色深入人心地演绎出来。
3. Eva Mendes（伊娃·门德斯）
伊娃·门德斯是一位具有双鱼座特质的明星，她以她的优雅和独特的时尚品味而闻名。她的服装选择总是充满了浪漫和女性气质，展现了她对艺术和美的敏锐感知。
4. Justin Bieber（贾斯汀·比伯）
贾斯汀·比伯是一位备受瞩目的歌手和词曲创作人，他的音乐作品充满了情感和灵性。作为一个双鱼座，他经常通过他的音乐来表达内心的情感和对世界的感悟。
5. Adam Levine（亚当·莱文）
亚当·莱文是一位受欢迎的音乐家和歌手，他是流行摇滚乐队Maroon 5的主唱。他的歌曲充满了浪漫和感性的元素，展现了他作为双鱼座的创造力和艺术才华。
这些欧美明星都展现了双鱼座的艺术气质和浪漫情怀。无论是他们的音乐作品还是时尚风格，都充满了个性和独特性，深受粉丝的喜爱和追捧。无论你是双鱼座还是其他星座，你都可以从他们身上获得一些时尚灵感和个人风格的启发。<|endoftext|>知識庫首頁 匯出名單
當您匯入聯絡人到 Benchmark 帳戶，匯入的檔案欄位會對應 Benchmark 名單的欄位。請參考 Benchmark 支援的欄位名稱。
匯入/匯出
7 五月, 2020
使用 Benchmark，您可以輕鬆將聯絡人從某個名單複製到另一組名單。了解更多可以應用到郵件的 Benchmark 功能。
聯絡人名單
2 七月, 2020
透過 Benchmark Email 的分析報告，您可以瀏覽開啟郵件的聯絡人的電子信箱。 - Benchmark Email
分析報告 聯絡人名單
9 四月, 2019
您可以在帳戶裡的分析報告匯出退件信箱作為個人數據紀錄。
匯入/匯出
6 九月, 2019<|endoftext|>导语：体育教师招聘考试中，尤其是初中学段经常会考查运动生理学部分的内容，而这部分的内容又是考生比较难理解的部分，在考试中的难度也比较大，下面一些较基础的选择和填空题内容，尝试着做一做吧!
【例题】
1.田赛远度项目中，如遇成绩相等并涉及第一名时，应以其次优成绩判定名次。如次优成绩相等，则以第三优成绩判定，以此类推;如仍相等，则( )。
A.进入决名次赛 B.判定并列 C.重新比赛 D.以小组赛成绩定胜负
1.【答案】B。解析：在出现成绩相等时，应以其次优成绩判定名次。如次优成绩相等，则以第三优成绩判定，余类推。如仍相等，则判定名次并列。
2.100米比赛中第四道运动员在途中跑阶段，跑到了第三道次上，在没有影响到其他人的情况下回到了自己的分道完成了比赛，获得了第一名，此时其成绩应判定为( )。
A.有效 B.无效 C.重赛 D.犯规
2.【答案】A。解析：在100米比赛中，如运动员在没有阻挡或影响其他运动员，或没有在犯规中获利，规则允许不被认定为犯规。
3.篮球场地中的限制区(俗称三秒区)，其形状为( )。
A.梯形 B.长方形 C.正方形 D.圆弧
3.【答案】B。解析：限制区应是画在比赛场地上的一个长方形区域，它由端线、延长的罚球线和起自端线(外沿距里端线中点2.45米)终于延长的罚球线外沿的线所围成的区域。除了端线外，这些线都是限制区的一部分。
4.在体育课教学中，运动负荷的安排要遵循( )。
A.事物发展变化规律 B.一般教学规律
C.动作技能形成规律 D.人体生理机能活动变化规律
4.【解析】D。解析：该题主要考察的知识点运动训练基本原则中的适宜负荷原则。适宜负荷原则指根据运动员的现实可能和人体机能的训练适应规律，以及提高运动员竞技能力的需要，在训练中给予相应量度的负荷，以取得理想训练效果的训练原则。故本题选D。
5.既是竞技体育的组成部分，又是实现竞技运动目标的最重要途径的是( )。
A.运动员选材 B.运动训练 C.运动管理 D.运动竞赛
5.【答案】B。解析：现代竞技体育的构成当中既是竞技体育的组成部分，又是实现竞技运动目标的最重要途径是运动训练。
中公讲师解析
免责声明：本站所提供真题均来源于网友提供或网络搜集，由本站编辑整理，仅供个人研究、交流学习使用，不涉及商业盈利目的。如涉及版权问题，请联系本站管理员予以更改或删除。<|endoftext|>How did Douglas Clague transform John D Hutchison into one of the largest trading houses in Hong Kong?
Establishment of John D Hutchison
John Duflon Hutchison (1855 – 1920) was born in Bromley, London, the son of an English father and a Swiss mother.
Hutchison relocated to Hong Kong in 1877. He joined Robert Walker & Co, a trading house engaged in selling consumer goods to China. He acquired Robert Walker & Co in the 1880s, and renamed it John D Hutchison & Co.
Hutchison established an office in Shanghai, China from 1900.
Thomas Ernest Pearce (1883 – 1941) joined the firm from 1903.
John Colville Hutchison (1890 – 1965) declined to enter his father’s business, and instead joined the Foreign Office from 1915. He went on to become the first British ambassador to Communist China, and was later knighted.
T E Pearce acquired a controlling stake in John D Hutchison & Co from John Duflon Hutchison in 1917.
Hutchison died in Shanghai in 1920.
Pearce was joined in partnership by his brother-in-law, Philip Stanley Cassidy (1889 – 1971), from 1922.
Pearce was killed in action during the Battle of Hong Kong in 1941. Cassidy became the chairman of the firm.
John Douglas “Duggie” Clague (1917 – 1981) was born in Bulawayo, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and raised on the Isle of Man. He originally worked as a bank clerk. He was a convivial man, with a passion for horse racing.
Clague joined the British Army and was stationed in Hong Kong during the Second World War. Following the Japanese invasion he was captured and held in the Sham Shui Po prisoner of war camp. With three others, including John Pearce (1918 – 2017), the son of T E Pearce, he made a daring escape into China in 1942. He was awarded the Military Cross and a CBE in recognition of his bravery.
From Huizhou, Clague commanded the British Army Aid Group, a MI9 unit engaged in assisting POWs to flee Japanese internment camps. In 1945 he joined the Thailand underground movement, and when the war ended he took command of 30,000 Allied
|
8,547 | 6 | 0 |
from locally available materials — such as jute, abaca and cloth — that are less harmful to the environment.<|endoftext|>Fish communities at 10 sites in the Rio Grande Basin were sampled during low-flow periods between 1993 and 1995 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The ecology of fish communities is one of several lines of evidence used to characterize water-quality conditions. This report describes the fish communities at selected sites in the Rio Grande Basin and relates the structure of these fish communities to the physical and chemical characteristics of the streams. Twenty-nine species of fish representing 10 families were identified in 25 samples collected during this study. Species richness ranged from 1 to 13.
Cluster analysis of the 25 samples collected during this study delineated four groups of sites that were based on the similarity of the fish communities. The first two groups were individual sites with low species richness. The third group contained the most samples, and the fourth group consisted of samples from the Rio Grande at Isleta, New Mexico, and the Rio Grande at El Paso, Texas. The shift in community structure of samples from group 3 to group 4 reflects changes from predominantly coldwater fishes to warmwater fishes.
Four metrics of biotic integrity (percentages of introduced individuals, omnivores, tolerant individuals, and anomalies) were used in this study to provide a broad overview of the community structure. The relative percentages of introduced species at the Rio Grande near Del Norte, Colorado; Saguache Creek near Saguache, Colorado; Rio Grande below Taos Junction Bridge, near Taos, New Mexico; and Rio Grande at Isleta are indicative of biological stress on the communities at these sites. The dominance of omnivores in samples from the Rio Grande below Taos Junction Bridge, near Taos; Rio Chama near Chamita, New Mexico; Rio Grande at Isleta; and Rio Grande at El Paso is an indication of environmental stress at these sites. In 1995, tolerant species accounted for the entire fish community at the Rio Grande at Isleta. In all samples the occurrence of anomalies was less than 2 percent of the individuals, with the exception of the sample from the Rio Grande at Isleta. On the basis of the relative percentages of introduced individuals, omnivores, tolerant individuals, and anomalies, the biotic integrity at the Rio Grande at Isleta appears to be the most impaired of all sites and shows indications of potential chemical and physical perturbations.
Fish communities from three reaches at the Santa Fe River above Cochiti Lake, New Mexico, and the Rio Grande at Isleta were sampled in 1995 to assess small-scale spatial patterns in the structure of fish communities. The spatial pattern at these sites might be associated with natural variability of the fish communities or with the presence of habitat features such as pools.
The total number of individuals and relative abundance in a sample varied at sites sampled yearly during this study. All sites, with the exception of the Rio Grande near Del Norte, had a decline in total number of individuals in a sample. The temporal decline in the total number of individuals at these site might be associated with the natural variability within the fish communities.
Abstract from Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4017.
|NM WATER HOME | PUBLICATION INDEX|<|endoftext|>منچستریونایتد پس از پخش قسمت دوم مصاحبه کریستیانو رونالدو بیانیه ای منتشر کرد تاک تی وی.
پس از پیروزی 2-1 در فولام، به زودی مشخص شد که مصاحبه کامل رونالدو قرار است چهارشنبه و پنجشنبه شب منتشر شود.
یونایتد منتظر مانده است تا قطعه کامل به جهان نشان داده شود و سپس پاسخ دهد، که آنها از طریق خود انجام داده اند وب سایت رسمی.
بیانیه یونایتد درباره رونالدو
در این بیانیه آمده است: منچستریونایتد صبح امروز اقدامات مناسبی را در واکنش به مصاحبه اخیر کریستیانو رونالدو در رسانه ها آغاز کرده است.
تا زمانی که این روند به نتیجه نرسد، اظهار نظر بیشتری نمی کنیم.
باید دید که واکنش یونایتد به سخنان رونالدو در مطبوعات چگونه است، جایی که اریک تن هاگ، گلیزرها و بازیکنان جوان باشگاه در میان اهداف بسیار زیادی بودند.
تقریباً مطمئن به نظر می رسد که رونالدو اطمینان داده است که دیگر برای این باشگاه بازی نخواهد کرد. چگونه تن هاگ می تواند او را دوباره انتخاب کند؟
اما زمانی که شایعه شد که رونالدو می خواهد در تابستان برود، هیچ یک از باشگاه های بزرگ اروپا اقدامی برای جذب او نکردند.
حالا، بعد از این مصاحبه، هر مدیر جدی که ارزشش را داشته باشد، رونالدو را در رختکن خود نمیخواهد، از ترس اختلالی که میتواند ایجاد کند.
یونایتد احتمالا اکنون خوشحال خواهد شد که خروج رونالدو را تسهیل کند و امیدوار است که او با مصاحبهاش تا این حد پیشرفت کرده باشد زیرا او حرکت بعدی را در پیش دارد.
اما در ماه ژوئیه اینطور نبود، و به سختی می توان دید که پیشنهادی که خواسته های دستمزدی رونالدو را برآورده می کند، از کجا می آید، بنابراین وضعیت می تواند ادامه یابد، که برای هیچ کس ایده آل نخواهد بود.<|endoftext|>每个人提起威廉姆斯的时候总会想起弗兰克威廉姆斯和帕特里克海德
也就是60年代晚期 ，“这部电影主要来自我妈妈的书 ，因为她也曾饰演过十分重要的角色 ，由今年英国电影与电视艺术学院奖最佳导演得主摩根-马修斯领导 ，但不是这样 。
未经授权避免转载！ ，如何面对致命的车祸以及他的家庭如何与病魔斗争以保住他的生命 。
” 电影的首映于周二晚间在伦敦的Curzon Mayfair停止 ，卡莱尔威廉姆斯、车手兰斯斯特罗尔和菲利佩-马萨均作为嘉宾插手了首映式 ，一部反馈弗兰克-威廉姆斯爵士和他的威廉姆斯F1车队电影的首映在伦敦上映 ，作为英国大奖赛举办40周年的系列流动之一 ，10天之后发行DVD和蓝光版本 ， 电影的主题是弗兰克-威廉姆斯如何将车队带上正轨 ，我很快乐我车队的成员和家庭成员两个局部都成为了真正的英雄 ，电影中还展示了大量从未公开的档案照片 ， “人们可能期盼看到一部反馈车队在赛道上的历史和车队过去多年的传奇 ，每个人提起威廉姆斯的时候总会想起弗兰克威廉姆斯和帕特里克海德 ，她聚焦于佛兰克赛车生涯的早期 ， （考拉） 声明：新浪网独家稿件 。
他如安在70年代将车队捏合在一起以及80年代的初度胜利和他遭遇的车祸 ，方案在今年夏天上映 ，威廉姆斯的故事与我母亲对车队早期的影响同样宏大 ，就像我喜爱成为赛车运动的一局部那样 ，”车队的副领队卡莱尔-威廉姆斯说道 ，这部名为《威廉姆斯》的电影 ，“ 威廉姆斯爵士增补说：“我希望车迷们能够喜爱这部电影 。
加上对威廉姆斯爵士遭遇车祸和随后在病院停止抢救的戏剧化的重构 。
电影中还呈现了前F1车手尼格曼塞尔、阿兰琼斯和尼尔森皮奎特、前技术总监帕特里克海德和威廉姆斯爵士的一位挚友大卫布罗迪等人的采访 ，它讲述了很多人威廉姆斯爵士鲜为人知的一面 ， 电影改编自1991年佛吉尼亚威廉姆斯小姐的一本书《差异的活法》 ，电影将于8月4日在院线上映 ，也就是父亲遭遇车祸之后在1991年写的书 ， 电影《威廉姆斯》伦敦首映 当地工夫周一晚 。
使用了佛吉尼亚小姐与朋友议论本人家庭时的录音带中的音频质料 ， 。<|endoftext|>Internazionale
Baton Rouge, affiliato allo spirito di vendetta
Louisiana. L’omicida era un ex soldato afro-americano congedato con onore in Afghanistan
Tre poliziotti morti e tre feriti, uno in condizioni preoccupanti; questo il bilancio della sparatoria aperta a Baton Rouge, in Louisiana, la città dove, il 5 luglio scorso era stato ucciso dalla polizia l'afroamericano disarmato Alton Sterling. Oltre agli agenti è morto anche il killer, Gavin Eugene Long, ex marine afroamericano di 29 anni proveniente da Kansas City, Missouri. Long aveva combattuto in Iraq per un anno ed aveva lasciato il corpo dei marines nel 2010, con un congedo d'onore e il grado di sergente. Molto attivo in rete, sotto lo pseudonimo di Cosmo Setepenra, Long aveva espresso rabbia per...<|endoftext|>Do you know where your water comes from?
The iconic spring-fed trout waters of Mt. Shasta and High Sierra meadows are the key to California’s water future. They are a major SOURCE of the state’s water supply, vital to its economy, its people and its fish.
Yet, despite its significance, many Californians are unaware of where their water comes from and the need to protect and restore these important sources.
For decades, CalTrout has worked to do just that.
We’ve been working on the ground, in the lab, and in the halls of the State Capitol to better know, protect and restore our source water areas.
They face a myriad of threats. From water bottling plants to hydroelectric and geothermal energy facilities in the springs to degraded meadows in the Sierra. And now – climate change.
Learn more about these vital SOURCE waters below and, with your help, we’ll ensure they are productive and healthy, for people and fish, for generations to come.<|endoftext|>Where is what? What is located where?
In this game, you have to find the locations on a world map. Find the location on the Earth. The correct result is displayed after
On a world map, you need to find as accurately as possible the position of the sought after village. The deviation from the correct location is specified in km. You have only 10 seconds for the solution to the issue. The questions require not only very good geographical knowledge, but must be advised much more often. The following questions can be submitted:
- Where is the city of São Paulo?
- Where are the Melchior Islands?
- Where is the tallest structure?<|endoftext|>‘Der Ring des Nibelungen’ (The Ring of the Nibelung) is a cycle of four epic operas by German composer Richard Wagner (1813-1883). The works are based loosely on characters from the Norse sagas and the Nibelungenlied. The four dramas, which the composer described as a trilogy with a “Vorabend” (preliminary evening), are often referred to as the Ring Cycle, Wagner’s Ring, or simply The Ring.
Wagner wrote the libretto and music over the course of about 26 years, from 1848 to 1874. The four operas that constitute the Ring cycle are, in sequence: “Das Rheingold” (The Rhine Gold), “Die Walküre” (The Valkyrie), “Siegfried” and “Götterdämmerung” (Twilight of the Gods).
Although individual operas of the sequence are sometimes performed separately, Wagner intended them to be performed in series.
The Ring proper begins with “Die Walküre” and ends with “Götterdämmerung”, with “Das Rheingold” as as prelude. Wagner called “Das Rheingold” a “Preliminary Evening”, and “Die Walkure”, “Siegfried” and “Götterdämmerung” were subtitled “First Day”, “Second Day” and “Third Day”, respectively, of the trilogy proper.
The scale and scope of the story is epic. It follows the struggles of gods, heroes, and several mythical creatures over the eponymous magic Ring that grants domination over the entire world. The drama and intrigue continue through three generations of protagonists, until the final cataclysm at the end of “Götterdämmerung”.
The premiere of the complete cycle took place in Wagner’s Bayreuth Festival on 14-17 August 1876.
The whole Ring is now available for wind orchestra in four Symphonic Suites.
1. “Das Rheingold”
“Das Rheingold” handles about the three Rhine-daugthers who guards the gold that alternately “sleeps” and “wakes” on the bottom of the Rhine. They claim that one who forswears all love may forge a Ring from this gold. And that the one, shoe keeps this Ring can win all riches and powers of the earth. “Das Rheingold” received its premiere at the National Theatre in Munich on 22 September 1869.
2. ‘Die Walküre’
“Die Walküre” quickly became the most enduringly popular, for a number of reasons. For one thing, after the gods, goddesses, dwarves and giants of “Das Rheingold”, “Walküre” introduces human beings into the story of the Ring. It begins with two very sympathetic people, Siegmund and Sieglinde and the first act is devoted to them falling in love.
The music of “Die Walküre” builds significantly on “Das Rheingold”, where he had begun using “Leitmotifs” to construct the music. These short segments of melody, rhythm or harmony could be associated with a character or a dramatic event, even an emotion or an object. In “Die Walküre”, Wagners used them to help suspend time itself while the drama took place, wordlessly “inside” the characters. Thanks to Wagner’s brilliant writing for orchestra, something he had to develop even above what he had done in “Das Rheingold”, the audience actually experiences for themselves the inner lives of the characters on stage.
“Die Walküre” received its premiere at the National Theatre in Munich on 26 June 1870 at the insistence of King Ludwig II of Bavaria.
“Siegfried” is primarily inspired by the story of the legendary hero Sigurd in the Norse mythology. “Siegfried” received its premiere at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus on 16 August 1876, as part of the first complete performance of the Ring.
“Götterdämmerung” received its premiere at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus on 17 August 1876, as part of the first complete performance of the Ring. The title is a German translation of the old Norse phrase “Ragnarök”, which in Norse mythology refers to a prophesied war among various beings and gods that ultimately results in the burning, immersion of water and renewal of the world. However, as with the rest of the Ring, Wagner’s account diverges significantly from his old Norse sources.
The fate of the world is sealed in “Götterdämmerung”, a fearless but naïve hero is defeated by a corrupt and treacherous society.
(Recording not available yet)
Publisher: → Baton Music
(explanation text: © Baton Music Eindhoven)<|endoftext|>مرداویج، عدهای از سپاه خود را از ری به قم و حدود اصفهان و کرج که تحت حکمروایی ابی دلف بود، فرستاد و پارهای را به جانب زنجان و همدان گسیل کرد و حاصل این لشکرکشیها فقط تاراج و کشتار بی رحمانه بود، از جمله در اصفهان، سپاهش با خشونتی بی سابقه به اخذ اموال و هتک ناموس مردم دست زد.<|endoftext|>ABD’de Aralık ayı imalat PMI’ı 21 ayın en yüksek seviyesinde
Bu artış Aralık ayında istihdam ve stoklamadaki artışa, bunun da üretim ve yeni siparişlerdeki nispeten daha zayıf olan artışları dengelemesine bağlandı.
Veriler ayrıca ekonomik koşullardaki iyileşmenin ve müşterilerin para harcamaya istekli olmasının son zamanlarda yeni iş sahalarında görülen artış üzerinde büyük etkisi olduğunu gösterdi.
Bu arada, yeni siparişlerdeki büyüme, Kasım ayına kıyasla kısmen düşmüş olsa da yaklaşık iki yılın en yüksek seviyesine ulaştı.
Diğer ücretsiz plastik haberleriPlastik hammadde (PP, LDPE, LLDPE ,HDPE, PVC, Kristal, Antişok, PET, ABS) fiyatları, Petkim fiyatları, polimer pazar trendleri ve fazlası...
- G. Doğu Asya, Çin’den PE akınına mı hazırlanıyor?
- Avrupa’da AYPE ve LAYPE, 2018 yazından beri en yüksek seviyede; YYPE 6 ayın zirvesinde
- Alevlenen ticaret savaşı, Çin’de yurtiçi PP ve PE’yi daha da zayıflattı
- Asya ve Avrupa’da, PET fiyatları son ayların en düşük seviyesinde
- Avrupa’nın PS ve ABS piyasalarında artış eğilimi hız kesti
- Türkiye’de, Avrupa malı PVC artan maliyetlere kayıtsız kaldı
- Asya PVC piyasalarında Haziran beklentileri güçlü
- O. Doğu ve Afrika’ya Mayıs PP, PE teklifleri stabil/artış eğilimini korudu
- Dalgalı petrol fiyatları, global enerji şirketlerinin 1. çeyrek sonuçlarını aşağı çekti
- Çin’in ilk çeyrek polimer ithalatı 6 milyon tona yaklaşarak rekor kırdı<|endoftext|>In 1955, Rock Island Arsenal's Research and Development Division began designing a towed, helicopter-transportable launcher for the 318MM Little John rocket. The project went through several phases. The Little John rocket system had three component parts: The rocket, the launcher, and the trailer.
The Second Nuclear Missile
Developed to complement the larger Honest John, the MGR-3 Little John was a near-field rocket system capable of deploying atomic or high-explosive payloads at close range. The system was developed at Redstone Arsenal beginning in 1955, with the first launch of the XM47 occurring in June 1956. This first production rocket was stabilized in flight by the spinning of the rocket body. The final production variant of the rocket, the XM51, was stabilized from launch by initializing a spin on the rail of the launcher.
The rocket system was developed to be light enough to be deployed into a vast assortment of environments. This included the ability to be transported with ease by helicopters. Rock
|
8,547 | 6 | 1 |
– if you want to know heat flow through an odd-shaped metal plate that is heated in one corner and cooled by steady air flow on the rest of its surface you can use these numerical methods and usually get a very accurate answer.
Turbulence is a lot more difficult due to the range of scales involved. Here’s a nice image of turbulence:
There is a cascade of energy from the largest scales down to the point where viscosity “eats up” the kinetic energy. In the atmosphere this is the sub 1mm scale. So if you want to accurately numerically model atmospheric motion across a 100km scale you need a grid size probably 100,000,000 x 100,000,000 x 10,000,000 and solving sub-second for a few days. Well, that’s a lot of calculation. I’m not sure where turbulence modeling via “direct numerical simulation” has got to but I’m pretty sure that is still too hard and in a decade it will still be a long way off. The computing power isn’t there.
Anyway, for atmospheric modeling you don’t really want to know the velocity in the x,y,z direction (usually annotated as u,v,w) at trillions of points every second. Who is going to dig through that data? What you want is a statistical description of the key features.
So if we take the Navier-Stokes equation and average, what do we get? We get a problem.
For the mathematically inclined the following is obvious, but of course many readers aren’t, so here’s a simple example:
Let’s take 3 numbers: 1, 10, 100: the average = (1+10+100)/3 = 37.
Now let’s look at the square of those numbers: 1, 100, 10000: the average of the square of those numbers = (1+100+10000)/3 = 3367.
But if we take the average of our original numbers and square it, we get 37² = 1369. It’s strange but the average squared is not the same as the average of the squared numbers. That’s non-linearity for you.
In the Navier Stokes equations we have values like east velocity x upwards velocity, written as uw. The average of uw, written as is not equal to the average of u x the average of w, written as . For the same reason we just looked at.
When we create the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations we get lots of new terms like. That is, we started with the original equations which gave us a complete solution – the same number of equations as unknowns. But when we average we end up with more unknowns than equations.
It’s like saying x + y = 1, what is x and y? No one can say. Perhaps 1 & 0. Perhaps 1000 & -999.
Digression on RANS for Slightly Interested People
The Reynolds approach is to take a value like u,v,w (velocity in 3 directions) and decompose into a mean and a “rapidly varying” turbulent component.
So , where = mean value; u’ = the varying component. So . Likewise for the other directions.
So in the original equation where we have a term like , it turns into , which, when averaged, becomes:
So 2 unknowns instead of 1. The first term is the averaged flow, the second term is the turbulent flow. (Well, it’s an advection term for the change in velocity following the flow)
When we look at the conservation of energy equation we end up with terms for the movement of heat upwards due to average flow (almost zero) and terms for the movement of heat upwards due to turbulent flow (often significant). That is, a term like which is “the mean of potential temperature variations x upwards eddy velocity”.
Or, in plainer English, how heat gets moved up by turbulence.
..End of Digression
Closure and the Invention of New Ideas
“Closure” is a maths term. To “close the equations” when we have more unknowns that equations means we have to invent a new idea. Some geniuses like Reynolds, Prandtl and Kolmogoroff did come up with some smart new ideas.
Often the smart ideas are around “dimensionless terms” or “scaling terms”. The first time you encounter these ideas they seem odd or just plain crazy. But like everything, over time strange ideas start to seem normal.
The Reynolds number is probably the simplest to get used to. The Reynolds number seeks to relate fluid flows to other similar fluid flows. You can have fluid flow through a massive pipe that is identical in the way turbulence forms to that in a tiny pipe – so long as the viscosity and density change accordingly.
The Reynolds number, Re = density x length scale x mean velocity of the fluid / viscosity
And regardless of the actual physical size of the system and the actual velocity, turbulence forms for flow over a flat plate when the Reynolds number is about 500,000. By the way, for the atmosphere and ocean this is true most of the time.
Kolmogoroff came up with an idea in 1941 about the turbulent energy cascade using dimensional analysis and came to the conclusion that the energy of eddies increases with their size to the power 2/3 (in the “inertial subrange”). This is usually written vs frequency where it becomes a -5/3 power. Here’s a relatively recent experimental verification of this power law.
In less genius like manner, people measure stuff and use these measured values to “close the equations” for “similar” circumstances. Unfortunately, the measurements are only valid in a small range around the experiments and with turbulence it is hard to predict where the cutoff is.
A nice simple example, to which I hope to return because it is critical in modeling climate, is vertical eddy diffusivity in the ocean. By way of introduction to this, let’s look at heat transfer by conduction.
If only all heat transfer was as simple as conduction. That’s why it’s always first on the list in heat transfer courses..
If have a plate of thickness d, and we hold one side at temperature T1 and the other side at temperature T2, the heat conduction per unit area:
where k is a material property called conductivity. We can measure this property and it’s always the same. It might vary with temperature but otherwise if you take a plate of the same material and have widely different temperature differences, widely different thicknesses – the heat conduction always follows the same equation.
Now using these ideas, we can take the actual equation for vertical heat flux via turbulence:
where w = vertical velocity, θ = potential temperature
And relate that to the heat conduction equation and come up with (aka ‘invent’):
Now we have an equation we can actually use because we can measure how potential temperature changes with depth. The equation has a new “constant”, K. But this one is not really a constant, it’s not really a material property – it’s a property of the turbulent fluid in question. Many people have measured the “implied eddy diffusivity” and come up with a range of values which tells us how heat gets transferred down into the depths of the ocean.
Well, maybe it does. Maybe it doesn’t tell us very much that is useful. Let’s come back to that topic and that “constant” another day.
The Main Dish – Vertical Heat Transfer via Horizontal Wind
Back to the original question. If you imagine a sheet of paper as big as your desk then that pretty much gives you an idea of the height of the troposphere (lower atmosphere where convection is prominent).
It’s as thin as a sheet of desk size paper in comparison to the dimensions of the earth. So any large scale motion is horizontal, not vertical. Mean vertical velocities – which doesn’t include turbulence via strong localized convection – are very low. Mean horizontal velocities can be the order of 5 -10 m/s near the surface of the earth. Mean vertical velocities are the order of cm/s.
Let’s look at flow over the surface under “neutral conditions”. This means that there is little buoyancy production due to strong surface heating. In this case the energy for turbulence close to the surface comes from the kinetic energy of the mean wind flow – which is horizontal.
There is a surface drag which gets transmitted up through the boundary layer until there is “free flow” at some height. By using dimensional analysis, we can figure out what this velocity profile looks like in the absence of strong convection. It’s logarithmic:
Figure 3 – for typical ocean surface
Lots of measurements confirm this logarithmic profile.
We can then calculate the surface drag – or how momentum is transferred from the atmosphere to the ocean – using the simple formula derived and we come up with a simple expression:
Where Ur is the velocity at some reference height (usually 10m), and CD is a constant calculated from the ratio of the reference height to the roughness height and the von Karman constant.
Using similar arguments we can come up with heat transfer from the surface. The principles are very similar. What we are actually modeling in the surface drag case is the turbulent vertical flux of horizontal momentum with a simple formula that just has mean horizontal velocity. We have “closed the equations” by some dimensional analysis.
Adding the Richardson number for non-neutral conditions we end up with a temperature difference along with a reference velocity to model the turbulent vertical flux of sensible heat . Similar arguments give latent heat flux in a simple form.
Now with a bit more maths..
At the surface the horizontal velocity must be zero. The vertical flux of horizontal momentum creates a drag on the boundary layer wind. The vertical gradient of the mean wind, U, can only depend on height z, density ρ and surface drag.
So the “characteristic wind speed” for dimensional analysis is called the friction velocity, u*, and
This strange number has the units of velocity: m/s – ask if you want this explained.
So dimensional analysis suggests that should be a constant – “scaled wind shear”. The inverse of that constant is known as the Von Karman constant, k = 0.4.
So a simple re-arrangement and integration gives:
where z0 is a constant from the integration, which is roughness height – a physical property of the surface where the mean wind reaches zero.
The “real form” of the friction velocity is:
, where these eddy values are at the surface
we can pick a horizontal direction along the line of the mean wind (rotate coordinates) and come up with:
If we consider a simple constant gradient argument:
where the first expression is the “real” equation and the second is the “invented” equation, or “our attempt to close the equation” from dimensional analysis.
Of course, this is showing how momentum is transferred, but the approach is pretty similar, just slightly more involved, for sensible and latent heat.
Turbulence is a hard problem. The atmosphere and ocean are turbulent so calculating anything is difficult. Until a new paradigm in computing comes along, the real equations can’t be numerically solved from the small scales needed where viscous dissipation damps out the kinetic energy of the turbulence up to the large scale of the whole earth, or even of a synoptic scale event. However, numerical analysis has been used a lot to test out ideas that are hard to test in laboratory experiments. And can give a lot of insight into parts of the problems.
In the meantime, experiments, dimensional analysis and intuition have provided a lot of very useful tools for modeling real climate problems.<|endoftext|>Kaplıca tedavisinde, başlıca karakteristikleri açısından aşağıdaki peloidler kullanılır.
a) Turbalar: Yüksek su bağlama kapasitesi olan, asit pH’de peloidlerdir. Çeşitli doğal boya maddeleri, humik asitler ve ciltten emilebilen estrogen benzeri moleküller içeren çamurlardır.
b) Bataklar: Durgun sularda çöken, ufak tanecikli sedimentlerdir. Butimünöz ve mineralli bataklar olarak iki tipi vardır. Mineralli bataklar, termomineral suların kaynaklandığı ortamlarda oluşurlar.
c) Deniz ve Delta Balçıkları: Bunlar deniz ve akarsu deltalarında çöken, inorganik sedimentlerdir.
d) Topraklar: Su topluluklarının dışında, katı halde bulunan kayaçların veya organik maddelerin ufalanma, parçalanma ve ayrışması ile oluşan toz sedimentlerdir<|endoftext|>Humans are an incredible species. For example, we can make art, think scientifically or mathematically, invent new tools, and plan years into the future. How do we do this? And why aren’t any other species of animals on Earth as creative as we are? Scientists at Dartmouth College believe their study brings us closer to the answer.
Imagine an apple. Now imagine it spinning around very fast. Now imagine it zooming in really big and out really small. Now imagine it with eyes and a smile, wearing a hat, and dancing around. Imagining those things can seem very easy, but something in our brain must be making it all happen. In their study, lead author Alex Schlegel and his team at Dartmouth tried to find out a little bit about how the brain does that.
“Our lab is very interested in how the human brain enables such a wide range of creative behaviours, and we think a big part of the answer is that we have a very rich mental world that we can use to do things like imagine things that don’t exist, or play around with ideas, or think about what might happen in the future,” Schlegel told Wonder of Science.
The researchers talk about imagination as a “mental workspace” because it is like an inner workshop where we can construct new ideas, break old ideas apart, or just play around, all without ever lifting a finger. However, how it works in the brain is a big mystery, and something the lead researcher and his team are trying to figure out.
In the study, the scientists started by showing participants shapes on a computer screen. They then took the shapes away and told the participants to imagine those shapes in their heads and to either mentally combine them into new more complex shapes, or mentally break them apart into new simpler shapes. By scanning the participants’ brain activity using fMRI while they performed these tasks, they could look for differences in the way different areas of the brain worked and communicated with each other depending on the task.
Understanding these processes will give the researchers insight into where human creativity comes from, and may even allow us to recreate those same creative processes in machines. Being able to make creative machines is still probably far in the future, although there are already some examples starting to show up.
“Whether or not creative machines can prove useful to humans will depend on our own creativity in deciding what they should do,” Schlegel says.
For instance, it can take up to 22 minutes to send a signal to Mars. That makes it very difficult to control a robot like the Mars rover named Curiosity. What if Curiosity could solve problems on its own? The more Curiosity can think for itself, the better an explorer it will be. Or, what if we could feed a computer program a bunch of information we have collected about cancer cells, and the computer program could then think of a creative new drug that stopped those cells from dividing uncontrollably?
There are probably millions of other examples of how creative machines could make human life richer and happier, but for the time being we can just be happy with how incredible the human brain is and the amazing possibilities it gives us in our own lives.
Source [Science Daily]<|endoftext|>Check availability
To Kamari
Ag Kiralık Odalar ve Geleneksel Yunan Restoranı (Tavern). Sakız Adası'nda Fotini Plajı - Yunanistan
Agia Fotini'de altı daire ve bir restoran ile "Kamari" bulacaksınız, 1989 yılında inşa edilmiştir. Tüm dairelerde özel banyo, küçük bir mutfak ve balkon bulunmaktadır. Her birinin kendine ait bir verandası vardır.İki yatak, üç yataklı daire ve çift kişilik odalar ile aile daireleri sağlayabilir, çoğu deniz manzaralıdır.Çift kişilik oda dört kişilik bir ailede rahat bir tatil sunabilir.
Odalarımızın E.O.T. (Yunan Turist Organizasyonu) ve A sınıfı oda ve kalite üç anahtar olarak ödüllendirildi. Sürekli olarak E.O.T. rahat, keyifli ve güvenli bir konaklama için. Her yıl gerekli önlemler alınır. Odalarımız tamamen W.C., mutfak, buzdolabı, klima ve TV ile donatılmıştır.
Her yıl binlerce Yunan ve Avrupalı turist Agia Fotini plajını ziyaret ediyor, huzurlu ve dinlendirici bir tatil geçirmeniz için. Bu plaj, temiz suları süsleyen beyaz taşlar nedeniyle eşsizdir. Bu konum aile tatilleri için idealdir. Sakız Adası'na 12 km, havaalanına 9 km uzaklıktadır.
Restoranda, adanın her tarafındaki yemekleriyle ünlü olan Bayan Despina'nın lezzetli yemeklerinin tadını çıkarabilirsiniz. Harika başlangıçlar ve lezzetli ana yemekler öğle yemeğinizi veya akşam yemeğinizi özel kılacaktır. Kamari'ye ve Family Giakouma'ya birçok anıt ile harika tatiller sunmaya hazırız.<|endoftext|>برانچ وارون برای دومین بار پیاپی قهرمان ارنولد کلاسیک شد.
شکست ولف با هزار حرف و حدیث … نزول آقای تیغ در ارنولد کلاسیک!
گزارش تحلیل وزن به وزن مسابقات مردان
مسابقه سرتاسر هیجان بخش مردان:
مهیج ترین و بسیار دیدنی ترین فینال مسابقات در شب ۵ مارس ۲۰۱۲ رقابت مردان با حضور ۱۴ بدنساز در هتل اوهایو برگزار شد و در نهایت برانچ وارون در غیاب قهرمان سال گذشته کای گرین به عنوان قهرمانی جام ۲۳ لقب گرفت او برنده جایزه ۲۵ هزار دلاری مسابقات شد***قهرمان جایزه ۱۳۰هزار دلاری شد.<|endoftext|>نخ پلی استر سیگارتی: مواد اولیه، ساختار و کاربردها
نخ پلی استر سیگارتی
نخ پلی استر سیگارتی یکی از مواد مهم در صنعت های پوشاک، تولیدات تزئینی، وسایل خانگی و غیره است. این نخ ها از پلی استر، یک پلیمر سنتتیک، ساخته می شوند و در فرآیند تولید پوشاک به عنوان یکی از عناصر کلیدی استفاده می شوند. در این مقاله، به معرفی نخ پلی استر سیگارتی، ساختار آن، و کاربردهای آن در صنعت تولید پارچه ها پرداخته خواهد شد.
نخ پلی استر سیگارتی چیست؟
نخ پلی استر سیگارتی از پلی استر ساخته می شود که یک نوع پلیمر سنتتیک است. پلی استرها به عنوان مواد پایه در تولید مواد نساجی و پارچه ها استفاده می شوند. این پلیمرها به دلیل ویژگی هایی مانند مقاومت به درجه حرارت، مقاومت به رطوبت، و قابلیت شکل دهی، در تولید نخ ها نیز کاربرد دارند. نخ پلی استر سیگارتی عمدتاً از پلی اتیلن ترفتالات تولید می شود که یکی از انواع پلی استر هاست.
ساختار نخ پلی استر
|
8,547 | 6 | 2 |
feudale era statica, e i soggetti delle semplici "maschere" che
recitavano la loro parte (tradizionale) in un "teatro". Egli non trae
nessuna conseguenza rilevante dalla considerazione, pur giusta, che "i
rapporti sociali tra le persone nei loro lavori si manifestano comunque [nel
Medioevo] come loro rapporti personali"(p.78).
Ecco perché Marx non è riuscito a cogliere l'importanza del fatto che nello
scambio sul mercato il contadino non aveva la pretesa di realizzare un
rapporto sociale che ovviasse all'alienazione della vita lavorativa. Lo
scambio era una conseguenza naturale del lavoro agricolo (non
particolarmente significativa ai fini dell'attività produttiva e comunque
non obbligata). Nel contadino la "realizzazione di sé" non dipendeva dallo
scambio. Egli non aveva la pretesa (o l'illusione) di poter costruire nel
mercato quanto non riusciva a vivere nel lavoro agricolo.
Questa pretesa, semmai, l'aveva il borghese, che in un certo senso
rappresenta l'alienazione del contadino che vuol trovare non nella lotta di
classe, ma in un'attività economica redditizia (priva di eticità) una forma
di compensazione individuale. Già la separazione professionale
dell'artigiano dal contadino rifletteva questa forma di revanche
individuale. L'artigiano nasce come colui che in nome della specializzazione
di una mansione tradizionale ritiene di potersi emancipare economicamente da
quella professionalità onnilaterale o polivalente del contadino che non
garantiva un tenore di vita sufficientemente agiato. Tuttavia, tale
emancipazione non comportò affatto la transizione al capitalismo, poiché la
realtà sociale dominante continuava a restare quella della comunità agricola
autarchica.
Se non ci fosse stato il servaggio, la forma naturale del lavoro nel
Medioevo sarebbe stata una forma sociale libera, molto più libera di
qualunque altra formazione sociale. L'uomo, il lavoratore, il cittadino si
sarebbe sentito valorizzato per il lavoro che faceva, senza aver bisogno di
ritagliarsi uno spazio di tempo per sé, lottando con tutte le sue forze per
sentirsi emancipato.
* * *
L'ultima formazione sociale che Marx descrive, supponendola, è quella
socialista, ovvero "un'associazione di uomini liberi [non individualisti né
forzatamente dipendenti] che lavorino con mezzi di produzione comuni e che
impieghino con coscienza le loro molte forze lavorative individuali come
un'unica forza lavorativa sociale. Qui si ripetono tutte le particolarità
del lavoro di Robinson, però socialmente invece che individualmente"(p.79).
Marx non s'accorge d'ipotizzare una cosa che prima della nascita dello
schiavismo, era sempre esistita. Egli è convinto di aver trovato, per la
prima volta, il passepartout per superare l'ostacolo dell'individualismo
borghese, senza dover ricadere nel collettivismo forzato del Medioevo. Ed è
convinto di questo semplicemente perché non sa di aver guardato le
formazioni sociali pre-capitalistiche con un pregiudizio che gli derivava
dall'ideologia individualistica borghese.
Occorre senza dubbio riconoscere a Marx lo sforzo di aver voluto superare ad
ogni costo tale ideologia, proponendo come alternativa l'idea di un
collettivismo libero, in cui la distribuzione del tempo di lavoro, "fatta
socialmente secondo un programma, regola l'esatta proporzione delle diverse
funzioni lavorative con i diversi bisogni"(ib.).
Tuttavia anche su questo aspetto c'è qualcosa che non convince. L'idea che
"il tempo di lavoro sia preso contemporaneamente come misura della
partecipazione individuale del produttore al lavoro comune, e perciò anche
alla porzione del prodotto comune che può essere consumata
individualmente"(ib.)
- è un'idea che potrebbe essere accettata solo in una fase molto
transitoria.
In effetti, il tempo di lavoro, in una comunità socialista, non può più
essere misurato sulla base delle capacità produttive del singolo, altrimenti
si finirà col privilegiare, nella distribuzione dei prodotti, quelli che
saranno stati dotati dalla natura di maggiori capacità psico-fisiche o
intellettuali.
In realtà, ciò che più deve contare, in una comunità socialista, è la
ricerca del benessere collettivo, che non significa anzitutto l'uguaglianza
delle condizioni sociali, quanto che nella ricerca del benessere individuale
tutti abbiano la possibilità di raggiungere il proprio. Se s'impone a priori
l'uguaglianza sociale, si mortifica la libertà della ricerca individuale, ma
se si vuole premiare questa libertà, senza tener conto delle difficoltà
altrui, si finirà col distruggere l'idea stessa di una uguaglianza nella
diversità.
Usare il tempo di lavoro individuale per decidere la distribuzione dei
prodotti non è quindi un criterio particolarmente democratico per garantire
il benessere di tutta la collettività. Gli uomini devono poter rinunciare
spontaneamente a una parte dei loro prodotti, se questo può servire a
salvaguardare un interesse collettivo. Naturalmente questo è possibile solo
all'interno di una comunità i cui componenti si conoscano gli uni gli altri,
e i risultati dei sacrifici siano tangibili nel breve periodo.
Il motivo per cui l'economia politica classica non era riuscita a
comprendere la duplicità del lavoro dipendeva anche dal fatto che per la
borghesia l'indipendenza dei produttori privati garantiva un'uguaglianza
sociale reale, valida per tutti. Essa non avrebbe mai accettato l'idea che
tale uguaglianza si fondava, in realtà, sullo sfruttamento di chi non
possedeva mezzi produttivi. Anzi, essa era convinta che proprio quella forma
di uguaglianza avrebbe permesso anche all'operaio salariato di diventare un
proprietario.
Marx, in tal senso, non ha fatto altro che dimostrare il carattere
assolutamente "formale" dell'uguaglianza borghese, che si pone anzitutto non
a un livello sociale ma a un livello giuridico. L'uguaglianza giuridica non
è un riflesso di quella sociale ma la sua negazione. La proprietà privata
infatti può garantire la libertà sociale solo se è di tutti. Se non si parte
da questo presupposto -che va realizzato praticamente- si finisce per
concentrare la proprietà nelle mani di poche persone.
Marx ha detto che l'economia classica operava sì una distinzione tra valore
d'uso e valore di scambio, ma solo perché nel primo caso considerava il
lavoro dal punto di vista qualitativo e nel secondo dal punto di vista
quantitativo. Essa cioè "non teneva presente che la distinzione dei lavori
semplicemente quantitativa presuppone la loro unità qualitativa, cioè la
loro uguaglianza, e quindi la loro riduzione ad astratto lavoro umano"(nota
a p.81).
Naturalmente se la borghesia fosse arrivata ad accettare l'idea di un
astratto lavoro umano, avrebbe dovuto negarsi come classe che sfrutta il
lavoro altrui. Se è vero infatti -come dice Marx- che "l'uguaglianza di
lavori del tutto diversi può esistere solo quando non si tenga conto della
loro effettiva disuguaglianza"(p.72), è anche vero che tale principio la
borghesia non è mai riuscita a realizzarlo compiutamente, poiché, se
l'avesse fatto, avrebbe dovuto scomparire come "classe" specifica.
Nel capitalismo non si tiene conto della diversità dei lavori perché in tal
modo si può meglio affermare la superiorità di un lavoro su un altro.
L'equivalenza delle merci è un sofisma che permette al produttore più forte
d'imporsi su quello più debole. L'uguaglianza astratta dei lavori per la
borghesia è un modo subdolo per imporre il dominio della proprietà privata
dei mezzi produttivi, e quindi per riaffermare la disuguaglianza dei lavori.
Il lavoro astratto dalla borghesia viene accettato solo nello scambio perché
di fatto viene negato nella produzione. Solo il proletariato, che non è una
classe particolare, potrà accettare consapevolmente il lavoro astratto nello
scambio dopo averlo affermato nella produzione. L'equivalenza delle merci
potrà effettivamente esistere soltanto quando la società considererà uguali
i diversi lavori individuali, cioè ugualmente importanti ai fini del
benessere collettivo.
Il concetto di "lavoro astratto", in questo senso, appare come un'arma a
doppio taglio. Nell'ambito del socialismo si potrà non tener conto della
diversità dei lavori individuali solo quando esisterà già affermato il
principio dell'uguaglianza sociale, o se comunque esisterà una tensione
collettiva verso il bene comune. Ma questo implica che nella società
l'ideale sia molto forte.
L'altro aspetto che del marxismo qui non convince è più noto e il leninismo
l'ha già superato. Quello secondo cui per costruire il socialismo
democratico "è necessario un fondamento materiale della società, cioè un
insieme di condizioni materiali d'esistenza che sono, a loro volta,
l'originario prodotto naturale della storia di uno svolgimento lungo e
doloroso"(pp. 80-1).
L'importanza attribuita, nel processo storico di emancipazione umana, alla
struttura economica è stata, nei classici del marxismo, inversamente
proporzionale alla sottovalutazione dell'importanza della sovrastruttura
culturale. E' stato appunto il leninismo a dimostrare che il socialismo può
essere costruito là dove se ne avverte il bisogno, anche perché, mentre il
capitalismo si sviluppa, nessuno sarebbe in grado di fissare un limite
massimo a tale sviluppo, il quale, tra l'altro, non può mai corrispondere,
ipso facto, a una particolare "crisi", poiché a questa, di regola, segue una
ripresa della produzione.
Peraltro, la formazione delle basi materiali non garantisce di per sé una
possibilità più favorevole alla transizione socialista, anche perché, mentre
si formano queste basi, l'ideologia borghese penetra nelle coscienze dei
lavoratori e le "corrompe". Ecco perché la coscienza proletaria non ha
bisogno di attendere "uno svolgimento lungo e doloroso" della propria
soggezione al capitale, per organizzare il rovesciamento del sistema. E'
stata proprio la storia del movimento operaio a dimostrare che quanto più la
coscienza proletaria tarda a costruire il socialismo, tanto più le sarà
difficile farlo.
Il feticismo delle merci è stato scoperto da Marx come fenomeno reificante
della vita sociale e produttiva del capitalismo.
Marx ha cercato di spiegarne le ragioni da un punto di vista economico, ma
non ha saputo spiegare quelle di origine culturale.
La domanda a cui ancora oggi bisogna trovare una risposta è infatti la
seguente: per quale motivo, ad un certo punto dell'evoluzione storica
dell'Europa occidentale, le merci hanno cominciato ad acquisire un carattere
feticistico? quali sono state le ragioni culturali che hanno favorito questo
processo sociale, che influenza tanta parte del comportamento umano e
persino della psicologia degli individui?
A questa domanda il socialismo potrà trovare una risposta davvero adeguata
soltanto quando s'immergerà nello studio del fenomeno religioso. Infatti le
origini culturali del capitalismo, esattamente come quelle della filosofia
borghese (da Cartesio a Hegel), vanno ricercate nella religione.
Con Gramsci il socialismo ha appena iniziato il grande lavoro di lettura
sovrastrutturale della formazione capitalistica. In particolare occorre
andare oltre l'interpretazione meramente "politica" del fenomeno religioso e
accingersi ad affrontare quella più propriamente culturale (che riguarda
scienze come l'antropologia, l'ontologia, la psicologia sociale ecc.).
P.es. sarebbe interessante dimostrare come il feticismo delle merci tragga
in ultima istanza la propria origine da quella concezione trinitaria che a
partire da Agostino è venuta affermandosi in Europa occidentale, quella
secondo cui l'identità delle persone dipende dalla funzione che ricoprono.
Il concetto di "persona" in Occidente è stato ad un certo punto subordinato
a quello di "ruolo".
L'unità della natura divina -dicevano i padri occidentali della chiesa- non
è che l'organizzazione dei rispettivi ruoli, quindi sostanzialmente un
consesso di tipo politico-contrattuale.
Naturalmente ci si potrebbe chiedere il motivo per cui il sorgere del
feticismo delle merci va fatto storicamente risalire al XVI sec, cioè a quel
secolo che secondo il socialismo scientifico ha visto generare la civiltà
capitalistica. La risposta a questa domanda può essere trovata solo in uno
studio dei rapporti tra cattolicesimo-romano e protestantesimo.
Infatti il cattolicesimo-romano ha saputo porre soltanto le basi culturali
del feticismo delle merci, ma la vera realizzazione pratica di questa idee,
assicurata da una vasta diffusione sociale, è avvenuta ad opera del
protestantesimo, il quale in un certo senso ha saputo trasferire nella vita
quotidiana dei credenti quanto sotto il cattolicesimo-romano era patrimonio
dei soli ceti clericali e nobiliari.
* * *
Il socialismo scientifico ha mostrato per la prima volta quanto sia ipocrita
quell'atteggiamento borghese che s'illude di considerare le merci come
entità a se stanti, che si rapportano secondo una logica del tutto avulsa
dal contesto sociale.
Tale atteggiamento infatti torna comodo a chi non vuole scorgere nel nesso
di capitale e lavoro la principale contraddizione antagonistica del
capitalismo.
Se esiste uno scambio equivalente delle merci - sostenevano gli economisti
borghesi -, i difetti del capitalismo non sono strutturali ma solo
congiunturali.
Tuttavia, il feticismo delle merci non è solo "personificazione delle cose",
ma anche "reificazione delle persone". Questo secondo aspetto Marx ha saputo
certamente individuarlo, ma non ha saputo approfondirlo sul piano culturale.
L'origine di questa illusione risiede infatti nell'ideologia cristiana (in
particolare quella cattolico-romana) che attribuisce più "fede" a quel
credente che la baratta con le "opere di salvezza" che gli offre la
gerarchia.
Il culmine di questo processo reificante lo si può riscontrare, in ambito
cattolico, con la vendita delle indulgenze, che costituisce, se vogliamo, lo
spartiacque tra cattolicesimo e protestantesimo.
Il protestantesimo non ha fatto che trasferire sul piano economico,
legittimandola sul piano sociale, una prassi che la gerarchia cattolica
tollerava solo in chiave politica, come emanazione diretta del potere
ecclesiastico.
Il protestantesimo non ha reagito alla reificazione proponendo
l'umanizzazione dei rapporti sociali, ma si è limitato a togliere a quella
reificazione il suo carattere di esclusivo privilegio (appartenente appunto
alla gerarchia), e che rendeva impossibile una vera equivalenza delle merci:
"fede contro opere". Esso non ha fatto altro che estendere la reificazione a
tutti i rapporti sociali e quotidiani dei credenti. Al punto che, a partire
dal calvinismo, i moderni cristiani hanno cominciato a porsi più come
"borghesi credenti" che non come "credenti borghesi" (quest'ultimi sono
esistiti, in campo cattolico, dall'origine dei Comuni al XVI sec.).
Il protestantesimo non si è opposto al carattere feticistico delle
indulgenze, così come avrebbe dovuto opporsi (e molte eresie medievali lo
fecero) al carattere feticistico di qualunque altra "opera salvifica"
sponsorizzata dal cattolicesimo, ma si è opposto al fatto che di quel
feticismo l'unico vero soggetto agente era la gerarchia romana.
Nessuno prima di Lutero aveva impostato il problema in termini così
"borghesi", e cioè che nella prassi mercificata delle indulgenze non
esisteva un vero scambio degli equivalenti. Chi le acquistava non lo faceva
liberamente e, per di più, non aveva la certezza di ottenere una reale
contropartita.
Ecco perché diciamo che il cattolicesimo-romano è stato una religione
essenzialmente "politica", che ha posto le basi della formazione economica
capitalistica, senza però avere in sé sufficienti energie per negarsi come
tale, modernizzandosi in una religione più laica e individualistica, e nel
contempo più democratica nella gestione dell'economia.<|endoftext|>نفت برای سومین هفته صعود کرد
قیمت نفت روز جمعه به بالاترین رکورد در ۱۰ ماه اخیر صعود کرد و سومین رشد هفتگی متوالی را تحت تاثیر کمبود عرضه و خوشبینی به بهبود تقاضای چین، به ثبت رساند
|
8,547 | 6 | 3 |
holding VAWTs back. Due to its shape, VAWTs can mostly be mounted near the ground which is detrimental to power generation. Also, because of its airfoil shape, part of the rotating foil will always ‘cut-back’ against the wind when rotating reducing efficiency.
Due to the potentially huge expenses associated with wind power, all the above things have to be considered before deciding, with professional consultation, on a wind power system and installation; otherwise, you will get little in return for for your investments. On last note, despite solar power and micro hydro power being cheaper and more reliable than small wind power, there are reasons to use small wind power. Small wind is often used complementary with solar power. On sunny days, which tend to have little wind, solar panels will produce power. On days with little sun, wind turbines can produce power. Cloudy days, rainy days, stormy days, and the winter season tend to have a decent wind suitable for small wind power.
Hydroelectric power is not just available from the giant turbines powered by water held back behind a dam. Hydroelectric power can also be made for personal power generation. This is called micro hydro power as the natural flow of water is used to drive a small turbine to generate enough power for a small community or a single house.
Similar to wind turbines, alternators are also essential to micro hydro turbines. If the water flow is fast, micro hydro turbines with electrostatic alternators may be considered. This is because water going through a narrow pipe can be travelling very fast if the head (see below diagram) is high and if there is decent water pressure. If that concentrated high pressure water hits the small turbine wheel of a micro hydro turbine, high enough RPM can be produced for an electrostatic alternators.
However, if a water mill is used for power, the RPM will be much lower because water mills are generally used for slower streams and the large wheel size also contributes to a lower RPM. In that case, a magnet-based alternator is preferable to accommodate the lower RPM rates.
Compared to solar and wind, micro hydro can arguable the biggest power generator of them all for all four seasons. This is because as long as there is a flowing water source, a micro-hydro can run 24-hours per day all year; even in the winter as long as the stream (and its water source) is not frozen. The diagram below is an example of a possible micro hydro installation along with its components:
To start off, before explaining the above diagram, is to note that there are 2 main things needed to install any kind of micro hydro system.
There first has to be a head, as shown in the above diagram. The head is the height from where the water taken/diverted from and down to where the turbine wheel is. The reason for the head is that gravity will convert the potential energy from the water to kinetic energy as the water flows downward. The kinetic energy drives the turbine.
The other necessary thing is a good flow. The flow is the quantity of water that is “falling”. If the flow is too little, there wont be enough moving water mass to make the turbine spin. If the water flow is too much, the water can fill the turbine chamber faster than it can release the excess water.
Here are the parts found in typical micro hydro off-grid power systems as shown in the above diagram:
- Intake Diversion with Screen and/or Filter: here water is first diverted for use for micro hydro power. The screen and/or filter is used to keep out small particles and wild life. Lastly, the diversion should not take out too much of the water as one as it should not disturb nature unnecessarily.
- Forebay Tank: this part can be optional if the intake diversion already has screens and/or filters to block particles. If there are no screens nor filter is used, this should be used. After the water has been diverted, this pond-like structure allows particles in the water to settle before allowing the water through the penstock.
- Penstock: this pipe carries the water from the forebay tank to the turbine. The penstock is inclined downward so the water can generate enough kinetic energy to drive the turbine. The distance the water vertically “drops” within the downward incline is called the head(labeled in diagram). There maybe a pressure regulator attached between the penstock pipe and turbine chamber to prevent too much water from shooting into the turbine at once.
- Generator: by definition, this device converts mechanical energy into electrical power. The falling water at the bottom of the penstock has enough kinetic energy to exert mechanical power onto the turbine wheel. The power created can either be AC or DC. Like with wind turbines, the choice of turbine here will be between whether its base is PMA/PMG vs electrostatic alternator.
- Wires: these carry the power to the battery bank, via charge controller, or even to a load to dissipate the excess power.
- Tail Race: this is simply where the water is returned to nature.
Besides micro-hydro water turbines, water wheels(or water mills) are also an option. Below is an example:
First, there are some differences between micro-hydro and the larger water wheels in terms of mechanics. Head and flow are still necessary just as in the previous micro hydro system along with nearly the same components.
However, one major difference between water wheels and micro-hydro turbines is the different utilization of the head. In case of waterwheels, the start/top of the head is when the water exits the flume. The falling water then falls into the water wheels’ rudders causing it to turn; the conversion of kinetic energy from potential energy as the water falls onto the water wheel causes the wheel to turn.
The bottom of the head is when the water hits the water or the surface under the wheel. This is different from micro-hydro turbine systems where the start of the head was at the top of the inclined penstock where water was to let to “fall” inside the penstock to build up kinetic energy before exiting the penstock(bottom of head) in concentrated form to make the micro-hydro turbine spin.
Also, instead of a penstock, which is a closed and narrow pipe, flumes are used for water wheels instead because these are wider which enable more water to fall and thus make the water wheel(larger than water turbine blades) spin. Flumes are open or closed-air as necessary. In the image above, you can see the flume above the water wheel.
While it is generally better to install turbines because turbine wheel and generators are more compact, there are reasons to resort to a water wheel over a conventional turbine:
- Micro turbines at time can have a lower output due to screen blockage via intake screen. Because water wheels are bigger and thus the needed penstock would have to be larger, clogging is less of an issue. So an intake screen may not be required.
- The head of a waterwheel system often doesn’t need to be as high as the head of a micro hydro turbine system as long as there is appropriate flow with respect to how much water is needed to make the water wheel spin.
- Because watermills have been around much longer than micro hydro turbine systems, it’s possible to find sites with a waterwheel or a former site(with a vacant water mill pit) which can require minimal building for personal use.
- The costs of a water wheel over a water turbine system can be lower at times because water wheels and flume can be constructed by hand using something like wood instead of purchasing small parts for a micro-hydro system which often need to be manufactured.
- Aesthetics is a major selling point of water wheels as it attracts attention and visitors
Regarding tiny houses, hydroelectric power is best used for tiny houses that are settled upon land(not on the move with wheels) that has a source along with obtainable water rights. The water source should be somewhat elevated higher than the tiny house location so there can be a sizable head to drive a micro hydro turbine or a water wheel. There should also be a way to divert the water used to make the wheel spin back to nature. If the location is right, micro hydro power can be the biggest & most consistent power producer of the 3 types of renewable energy off-grid power systems.
While there are many applications of solar energy like solar thermal & solar distillation, the usage of solar as a renewable energy is called photovoltaics(PV). Solar power is arguably the most used of the three renewable resources because you can hear about it everywhere; it can be set up anywhere with sunlight like on top of tiny houses(with or without wheels); and the electricity produced is sizable and consistent most of the year round. Before going any further, how Photovoltaic(PV) Cells work:
To the right is a diagram of a typical solar cell. The basics of the solar cell lies in its N- type and P-type semiconductor layers.
Both the N-type and P-type layers are made of silicon. Silicon is used because it is has four valance electrons which allow strong bonding; silicon is abundant; and is a semi-conductor which allows the flow of electrons.
The N-type and P-type layers are not made of pure silicon, but they are doped with tiny concentrations(as little as 1 atom per million) of other elements.
The N-type layer silicon is doped with trace amounts of atoms with 5 or greater valance electrons like phosphorus(5 valance electrons). In the N-type layer, after the doping atoms each form 4 covalent bonds with the surrounding silicon atoms, there will be free electron(s)(the (-) yellow balls in diagram) unable to form covalent bonds but are held in place due to positive charge(s) needing to balance out. Thus, the N-type layer will be of neutral charge due to total proton and electrons balancing out.
In the P-type layer, the trace elements used all have 3 valance electrons or less like boron(3 valance electrons). When the P-type layer is doped, the doping atoms will form three or less covalent bonds with neighboring silicon atoms. Due to this, the positively-charged bonding spaces with a missing electron(s) are addressed as a “holes”(the (+) bluish balls in the diagram). Because there are equal number of electrons to match the number of protons, the P-type layer is also of neutral charge like the N-type layer.
Also know that because electrons in the covalent bonds can move within their respective orbits, the shifting negative charge causes the holes to “move”. Then, the PV cell works when the N-type layer makes contact with the the P-type layer like in the above diagram. When this happens, the free electrons from the N-type layer begins to rush to the P-type layer to fill in the holes.
If the electrons didn’t have charge, the P-N layers would evenly distribute electrons and “holes”; however, this doesn’t happen. When the P-type layer gains electrons, the layer becomes negatively charged. When the N-type layer loses electrons, the N-type layer becomes positively charged. This creates a voltage potential difference between the two layers. The voltage pressure tries to push the free electrons back into the N-type layer. The diffusion “force” and the voltage pressure eventually balances out creating the depletion zone.
After the PV panel array is connected to a load, it’s placed under sunlight. When sunlight hits the PV panel on the N-type side, the sunlight(via photovoltaic effect) knocks the free electrons from its positive and negative attraction. Because the free electrons cannot pass the depletion zone, the free electrons instead travel through the wire and through the load to the P-type layer. The migration of the free electrons from the N-type layer to the P-type layer via wire and load causes a voltage potential difference due to change in charge balance. The free electrons in the P-type layer traverse through the depletion zone and back to the N-type layer. As long as there is sunlight and a closed circuit, the useful moving charge(current) will flow though the load whether its a device or an appliance.
Aside from knowing how solar panels work, there are few things to know when deciding which solar panels to use:
- Efficiency: This refers to the efficiency of the solar panel in converting solar energy into power(watts). With any commercial solar panel, it should be identified approximately how much wattage is produced under tested conditions. The 2 main kinds of solar panels are mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline. Mono-crystalline means purer silicon(before adding impurities) and poly-crystalline means silicon bonded with other elements(before adding impurities). While mono-crystalline is more expensive than the latter, it is also much more efficient because efficiency is related to silicon purity. Try to get mono-crystalline solar panels when possible to get the most out of solar energy on the long run.
- Size: It has to fit where you want to put the solar panel(s) or the location has to be made to conform to the solar panel(s) size and shape. Also take into account that larger the solar panel, the more solar cells it will have to take in solar energy.
- Location: This is important because the location has to give the solar panel optimum sunlight. Places where light can get occluded like under the shade, clouds, snow, and etc should be avoid. Most common spots to place solar panels are the roofs and/or near the tiny house in an open area to avoid obstacles. Also, consider the sunlight strength of the locality.
- Angle: Important to know is that a panels get maximum wattage from solar energy if the solar rays hit the surface of the PV panel(s) in a perpendicular manner. The PV panel(s) should be angled to “face” the sun as much as possible. sun trackers fitted to the PV panel(s) are also an option, but the maintenance trouble usually isn’t worth it.
Because sunlight is found nearly everywhere, nearly anyone can gain some benefit from PV panels. Although it was expensive before in nearly the same league as small wind power, the price of PV panels have gone down over the years even for a full-time use.
IV.Wiring of Off-Grid Power Systems
Even if you have decided on which of the renewable energy sources you want to use after several considerations, you will still need an electrical system to distribute and/or store power. Here is a diagram to show what kinds of components are seen in off-grid power systems:
The above is general and should not be taken as absolute; this diagram is mainly to give a good introduction and a basic understanding to how off-grid power systems work. Here are what the parts generally do:
- Rectifier: this device converts current from AC(alternating current) to DC(direct current). While there are a few places in the circuit which may require rectifiers, the most likely place is right after the alternator from the wind and hydro power turbines which often use alternators to produce AC. The AC has to be converted to DC because battery packs can only absorb DC voltage. Sometimes, however, a rectifier may not be needed because the right charge controller can have a built-in rectifier to convert AC to DC volts.
- Battery: this is where the power generated by the renewable energy devices are stored and utilized from. The battery can only store and emit DC. In a renewable off-grid power system, several batteries are used and wired together into a battery bank. Most commonly used are 12 volts lead-acid batteries. There are other voltage types like 24 volts, 36 volts, and even 48 volts. Of major importance is sizing the battery bank appropriately with regards to the system; this post shows how to do it.
- Charge controller: A charge controller is a device that regulates how the voltage and the current from the renewable power device enters the battery. For instance, if there is a micro hydro power turbine that can produce 40 volts, it would damage the battery bank if the 40 volts was forced into it without any charge conversion/regulation. A charge controller would convert the 40 volts to about 13.6- 14.4 volts. Note that an actual “12 volt” battery is actually about 12.7 volts at rest and the charge controller converts the 40 volts to 13.6-14.4 volts as it is slightly higher than 12.7 volts; this is due to the fact that charge flows from high voltage to low voltage and this is needed to charge a battery bank. 13.6-14.4 volts being slightly higher than 12.7 volts won’t cause battery damage like 40 volts would. Another thing to know is that if the renewable power source is hydro or wind, there are charge controllers that can convert AC voltage to 12 volts DC. Also, the charge controller prevents slight reverse current discharge of power from the battery bank circuit over time. Thus, a charge controller is very important to renewable power systems. Lastly, like I said before, a charge controller can have a built-in rectifier to convert an AC voltage to DC 12/24/48 volts. The two major types of charge controller are PWM and MPPT; more on this is found on this post.
- Dump Load & Dump Load Controller/Diverter: In the case where the battery bank is completely full and there is still more power coming from the renewable energy device, the excess charge has to be diverted somewhere. That somewhere is the dump load. The dump load can be as simple as a bunch of resistors which release the excess as heat; or the dump load can be something useful like a heating element which can use the excess heat to boil water. The dump load is connected to a dump load controller which senses when the battery bank is about to overfill and directs the excess charge to the dump load. The dump controller may be built into the charge controller, and thus the dump load would be connected to the charge controller. Other times, the dump controller is connected to the battery bank with the dump load attached separately from the charge controller. The benefit of the latter setup is that the load controller doesn’t share the same point of failure as the charge controller.
- Battery/System Monitor: This device as it name implies monitors the battery bank. Read values include instantaneous current and voltage,net energy into and out of battery, remaining amp-hours, and etc.
- Inverter: this device converts DC to AC. While this may be needed in a few places, inverters are needed mainly to convert the DC power from the battery bank into AC power for the various devices and tiny house systems that require AC power. The wires can bring the converted AC power directly to the AC devices or through a AC panel grid which distributes the AC power through outlets. As the inverter is an important component, here is a post detailing how to select one.
- Fuses: It is a device that consists of a strip of wire that melts and breaks an electric circuit if there is over-current. Mismatched loads, device/component failures, overloading, and short circuiting are common reasons for over-current. Fuses are inserted on to wires as safety devices. There are both AC and DC fuses. AC fuses are usually one component and are easy to set off(have high interrupt ratings). DC fuses are more complex(more components) and are harder to set off(have lower interrupt ratings). Fuses are one time use.
- Circuit Breakers: Similar to fuses, circuit breakers interrupts current flow if a ‘fault condition’ is detected. However, unlike fuses which are one-time use devices, circuit breakers can reused by resetting it manually or automatically.
- AC Breaker Panel: It’s a device that distributes AC current to all the devices in the house via auxiliary circuits which each connects to the sockets/appliances. Each of these auxiliary circuits also have a built-in fuse or circuit breaker. DC breaker panels also exist, but because DC devices are not common, it’s not worth investing in one and it would be better to get DC power directly from the battery instead.
- Kilowatt-Hour(kWh) Meter: It measures the amount of electrical
|
8,547 | -1 | 0 |
The child will always answer, ”No!” and then the child will be less trustful when the test has to be done. The child cannot control whether or not the test is done. Building trust is very important.
- Give choice within reason and where possible. For example, for children under 12 you can ask them:” Do you want to have the Q-tip in your left or right nostril?” Other options include asking, “Are you going to sit on your hands or do you want me to hold your hand?” “Have you decided what special treat you would like once you are back home…maybe your favorite movie or reading an extra story?”
Help to keep the child still during the test
- Gentle assistance may be needed as the child may not be able to keep their hands down as the swab is coming towards their face. You can help by holding the child’s hand.
- The child may be asked to sit on their hands to prevent them pulling or grabbing the swab.
- Be honest with your child. “It is going to feel strange or uncomfortable, but if you stay still the test will be over faster.”
- Play a guessing game: “How many seconds (what number will you get to) will this take?”, “Let’s pretend we’ve been frozen like Elsa.”
- Remind the child that it’s important to keep their head, arms and legs as still as possible.
- The health care provider may ask your child to close their eyes right before the test to help ease the urge to resist the swab.
Other tips about COVID-19 tests to help your child and family
- If multiple people in your family need to be test, decide who should be tested first. The first person tested can set the tone for others. If you are tested before your children, stay calm and try not to flinch.
- If a child cries, this does not mean the child didn’t handle it well. It’s Okay if they cry.
- Do not make a promise to going shopping for a treat or a new toy after the test. Anyone who is tested must stay home and isolate so NO stopping at a store or restaurant on the way home.
Drive-thru testing and Cough & Fever Clinic videos can help prepare you.
- PEI COVID-19 drive thru testing clinic (YouTube)
- PEI COVID-19 cough and fever clinic walk-through (YouTube)
More helpful information for parents:
Other useful ways to help children:
As a parent it is normal to be anxious. But keep in mind your child can feed off of your worry. Reassure your child that the doctors, nurses, and scientific experts around the world are working as hard as they can to keep us all healthy and safe.
Also, tell your child you will protect them and not let anything bad happen to them.
Bring your child into the conversation. Give them appropriate choices
You know your child and their temperament best! Listen to them and talk to them in age appropriate language. Help your child understand and give them opportunities to talk about what they are feeling and thinking.
Help your child sort out fact from fiction
Find out what your child already knows and understands. Correct any misconceptions. Be honest, but positive – let them know that the swab will hurt or may feel funny but it they stay still it will be over quickly.
Help children have some control
Children need to feel in control and able to protect themselves. Help them follow instructions that will keep them safe and healthy.
During testing, a child can choose their left or right nostril. It is best that they stay in their car seat or booster seat, but they can hold your hand or snuggle a comfort item.
*Even if the child cries, they should be praised for a job well done – “thank you for sitting still, I know that wasn’t easy, but you were really brave.”…this will help feel stronger and more in control.
Be mindful of social media, television, etc.
Be aware of what your children hear and see as this could increase a child’s anxiety and affect their ability to cope well during testing.
Be creative and grateful
This is a “new normal” for everyone!
Take time for self-care and screen free zones.
Praise your children and offer in-home rewards based on what they like (for example, child picks what is for supper, have extra bath time, enjoy a family movie night, watch the stars, etc.).
(Adapted from Canadian Pediatric Society - https://www.cps.ca/en/blog-blogue/how-can-we-talk-to-kids-about-covid-19)<|endoftext|>Osteolysis is the destruction of bone tissue. Our bones are actually rigid organs that support and protect our vital organs, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, support our muscles and ligaments and give us the ability to move. Thus, osteolysis is a very threatening medical condition which is also silent—meaning that that there are no symptoms. Osteolysis can be caused by a hip or knee replacement device. Therefore it is critical that patients get checked regularly for bone loss.
Metallosis is a physical illness believed to be caused by the build-up of metal debris in the soft tissues of the body. Scientists hypothesize that metallosis can occur when the metal parts of an implanted medical device such as a hip or knee replacement abrade against each another. This abrasion causes metal ions to dissolve and be released into the body and subsequently be absorbed by soft tissue. The symptoms and injuries of metallosis include pain around the area of the implant, bone loss, pseudotumors which are a mass of inflamed cells, and necrosois, or tissue death presenting as a rash.
A metal-on-metal hip implant consists of a ball and cup made of a cobalt and chromium alloy. Originally developed as a more durable alternative to implants with ceramic or plastic components, metal-on-metal implants proved to have a much higher failure rate than implants made of other materials – a problem attributed to bone erosion (osteolysis) in the hip joint, which leads to the artificial joint loosening and the need for revision surgery.
A hip resurfacing is a reshaping of the damaged surface of the femoral ball, which is then covered with a circular metal cap. This procedure will only work for bone that has not been very damaged by arthritis.
In a total hip replacement the surgeon removes the entire femoral ball and adds a metal stem anchor at the top of the thigh bone. The stem fits entirely into the canal area for stability and is capped with a ball, which may be fabricated from a variety of materials including polyethylene, cobalt-chrome alloy and ceramics.
Some patients undergo revision surgeries, which are more challenging, invasive, painful and costly than the initial surgery because the faulty device must be removed and the new device implanted. Revision surgeries can cause muscle or nerve damage, bone loss, infections, and other serious complications. Some patients must undergo revision surgery if the original implant severely damaged surrounding bones.
The useful life of an implant depends on what joint is being replaced, the device’s design, the patient’s lifestyle, age, weight, physical health and other factors. Generally speaking, knee replacements can last more than 20 years. Hip replacements can be expected to last 15 – 20 years.
A medical device is any apparatus, appliance, software, material, or other article—whether used alone or in combination, including the software intended by its manufacturer to be used specifically for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes and necessary for its proper application—intended by the manufacturer to be used for human beings for the purpose of:
Medical devices vary according to their intended use and indications. Examples range from simple devices such as tongue depressors, medical thermometers, and disposable gloves to advanced devices such as computers which assist in the conduct of medical testing, implants, and prostheses. The design of medical devices constitutes a major segment of the field of biomedical engineering.
The FDA’s Black Box Warning directly alters pharmaceutical and medical device labeling to draw attention to significant risks and life-threatening side effects.The is one of the strongest drug safety actions that the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) can implement, and often warns of serious risks.
When a faulty implant, drug or other medical device is recalled, the manufacturer must fix the defect or stop selling it. Be aware that the manufacturer is not required to notify patients that have the implant in their bodies. If fact, they do not have any way of knowing who they are! Nor do the doctors who implanted them or the hospitals and medical facilities where the surgeries occurred. It is up to the consumer to check on the safety of their device. This is why it is critical that patients see their physician if they experience any pain, illness, injury and even mental or cognitive issues after they have been implanted with any kind of device or use any new drug.
The FDA is responsible for issuing a recall, or ordering the manufacturer to recall a faulty or dangerous medical implant or device. However, the FDA has been criticized for rarely doing so and placing the responsibility on the manufacturer. According to McKinsey, the cost of a recall to the manufacturer can be as much as $600,000 and can damage a company’s reputation and stock valuation. Thus, leaving recalls and alerts to the manufacturer’s discretion creates a huge conflict of interest and ultimately puts the patient at risk.
An adverse event report is a report that is filed with the FDA’s MedWatch program when he or she experiences a serious reaction, product quality issue, or product use error with a human medical product such as a drug, medical device, dietary supplement or other product regulated by the FDA. It is important to note that adverse event reporting is voluntary in the U.S. for some products. A patient may ask their health care professional to file an adverse event report with MedWatch on their behalf, or they may file it directly online.
To ensure a medical device remains safe and effective once it is in-market, a manufacturer can conduct a medical post-market surveillance. This collection of processes and activities are implemented to monitor the performance of a medical device, thereby obtaining continuous real-world feedback and data on the product’s efficacy and safety.
Theoretically, manufacturers recall a medical device when they become aware of a problem caused by a defect in its design, manufacture or marketing. The term “recall” is used by the FDA when a manufacturer acts to address a problem with a medical device that violates FDA law. Recalls occur when a medical device is defective, when it could be a risk to a patient’s health, or both.
Sometimes a manufacturer or distributor recalls a medical device voluntarily. In addition, the FDA can require a company to recall a device. This could happen if a company refuses to recall a device that is associated with significant health problems or death.
There are many types of medical device actions that can be taken by the manufacturer, distributor or the FDA. Not all of these actions result in the device being pulled from the market.
When large numbers of plaintiffs are pursuing legal action on the same theory or claim and there is no other feasible way for the courts to handle the huge caseload a bellwether case is often used. In a bellwether proceeding, a group of plaintiffs is chosen to represent all the plaintiffs; their common claims are addressed during trial. The verdict from this grouping is extrapolated to the remaining plaintiffs’ cases and actual results may be used to value groups of claims in settlements. The plaintiffs can also choose to continue with their own individual trial.
In early 2019, in an Indiana bellwether trial a federal jury awarded $3 million to a woman who alleged that Cook Medical’s Celect IVC filter came apart in her body and sent broken pieces of the device into her thigh and near her spine.
DePuy Orthopaedics, a medical device division of Johnson & Johnson was ordered to pay $246 million over its Pinnacle metal-on metal hip implants. The jury in this Texas bellwether trial found J&J liable for product defects and fraud.
Multidistrict litigation (MDL) is a type of federal case that groups together similar cases from across the U.S. that share similar issues. By consolidating them and not having each plaintiff conduct the same interviews (known as discovery) when they could be done simultaneously, the process moves much faster. Medical device lawsuits often are conducted as MDLs, because there are usually a large number of patients who are experiencing complications from the same implant or product.
Class action and mass tort lawsuits are often confused because they both cover large numbers of plaintiffs with the same or similar grievance(s) against a common entity. The difference lies in how the plaintiffs are treated.
In a mass tort lawsuit, each plaintiff is treated as a unique individual and must prove certain facts specific to their grievance. For example, in a defective hip implant case the plaintiff must provide evidence of their specific injuries caused by that implant. Typically, mass tort claims are filed when large numbers of patients are seriously harmed or have died due to a bad drug or a defective medical device. Individual reactions to the same medical product can vary greatly, thus cases involving medical devices or drugs do not fit into the class action criteria which require similar factual situations among all individuals.
A class action is a lawsuit in which one of the parties is a group of people who are represented collectively by a member of that group. In a typical class action, a plaintiff sues a defendant or a number of defendants on behalf of a group, or class, of absent parties.
Although standards differ between states, class actions are most common where the allegations involve a large number of people who have been injured by the same defendant in the same way. Instead of each injured person's bringing his or her own lawsuit, the class action allows all the claims of all class members—whether or not they know they have been harmed—to be resolved in a single proceeding.
A mass tort is a civil action involving numerous plaintiffs against one or a few corporate defendants in state or federal court. Law firms sometimes use mass media advertising, such as TV, radio or online to sign up additional plaintiffs.
In addition, mass torts have these common characteristics:
The three main categories of mass torts include:
Defective medical device mass torts fall under the product liability category.
In U.S. federal courts, mass tort claims are often consolidated as multidistrict litigation. In some cases,
mass torts are addressed through class action.
A statute of limitations is a law which sets the maximum time allowed to begin legal proceedings from the date of an alleged offense or event. The length of time the statute allows for a victim or plaintiff to bring legal action against the alleged wrong-doer can vary from one jurisdiction to another.
Typically, the time allowed under a statute of limitations depends on the seriousness of the offense. The more severe the crime, the more time the plaintiff has to file a lawsuit or bring legal action. Product liability and personal injury cases often have a two year statute of limitations; the clock starts ticking when the person was injured or “date of occurrence”. If you are considering filing a lawsuit against a medical device manufacturer, be sure to consult with an attorney to determine the statute of limitations in your jurisdiction.
To find a superior lawyer for any matter, start by asking colleagues, friends and family members for a referral. You should also check your state bar association’s website for a list of the association’s leaders. If you know any good attorneys who practice on other areas, ask them who the best is in product liability law. It is also critical that your attorney be very skilled in mass tort litigation. Good attorneys know who the best are in different practice areas.
In New Jersey, less than 2% of licensed attorneys are Certified Civil Trial Attorneys, who have a recognized level of competence in specific legal practice areas. In products liability matters, your attorney should not only be highly knowledgeable, but should also be a skilled litigator and negotiator. Both John E. Keefe, Jr. and John E. Gregory Jr. are New Jersey Certified Civil Trial Attorneys and focus on personal injury, products liability and mass tort litigation.
First, it is important to know the difference between filing a claim and filing a lawsuit. In some product liability cases, the parties may agree to settle out of court rather than proceed to a jury trial, whether the case is a mass tort or an individual matter. In any event, the first step is to file a claim.
After you have done your research and identified your top choices to represent you, you will need contact the first attorney on your list. At this point, a paralegal will do an “intake”, typically by phone. An intake is a series of questions about your matter as well as general information about you. This conversation may take up to an hour. Be sure to have all of your information handy before you call.
The attorney then reviews this information. If he/she would like to take your case, a conflict check is done to ensure that there are no conflicts of interest between the lawyer/law firm and the defendant/manufacturer. If everything is good to go, you will be asked to sign a retainer agreement.
You attorney will collect all of your information relevant to your case. This includes medical records and documentation of lost work, wages, etc. Your lawyer will also consult with experts such as physicians, medical device scientists, sales representatives and product marketers. These experts may also testify should your case go to trial.
In many—if not most situations, your attorney will negotiate a settlement amenable to both parties with the manufacturer’s law firm. The settlement amount should be based on the extent of your injuries, treatment, and length of recovery plus your monetary losses.
You must consent to file a lawsuit. You attorney will prepare both you and the evidence to present the best case possible to a judge and jury. This is why it is critical that you hire a skilled product liability and litigation attorney from the outset.
After your lawsuit is filed, the discovery process begins and depositions are taken. A deposition is essentially a question and answer session in which the attorneys for both parties ask questions of any witness, who must answer under oath. Your lawyer will thoroughly prepare you for your deposition. There are no winners or losers in a deposition—think of it as information gathering in preparation for the trial.
The trial can last anywhere from two to five days; however it can take several years to get a trial date and obtain a decision and award. Be aware that the defendant may also appeal the decision, which can delay payment.
In most product liability cases, there is no charge to the plaintiff for legal services. This is because product liability cases are handled on a contingency basis. The lawyer is paid on a percentage of the settlement amount or jury trial award. A common contingency structure in product liability cases is one-third, or 33% of the award. There are expenses incurred during the case litigation that will need to be paid from the award; be sure to carefully read your agreement which will spell out complete details.
This is the most frequently asked question in defective products and personal injury cases. Each case involving a defective medical device is unique and there are several factors that will affect the amount of the settlement or jury award. A thorough case review from a skilled trial attorney with deep experience in products liability can provide you with an estimate of the potential value of your case, based on outcomes of cases similar to yours. He or she will take into account:
If you have been injured, become ill, endured medical complications or lost a family member because of a defective medical device, you may have a valid claim for compensatory and punitive damages. Product liability law requires that a plaintiff prove these elements of their matter.
These elements may vary by state, so be sure to consult an experienced product liability attorney if you are thinking about pursuing legal action.
A defective medical device lawsuit is a products liability matter because the essence of the case is that the plaintiff suffered injury, illness or death due to an inherently defective and unreasonably dangerous product. There are three ways in which a product can be deemed defective:
Multiple entities in the defective medical device supply chain can be sued. In addition to the manufacturer the manufacturers of the product’s component parts, the wholesaler, and the
|
8,547 | -1 | 1 |
پاک گفت: در قالب این طرح با بهره گیری از توان شهرداری و تشکل های مردمی از هفتم تا نهم مهرماه جاری، نظافت عمومی شهر اجرایی می شود.
وی تصریح کرد: بر اساس طرح شهر پاک، مهر پاک هر منطقه شهر، به سه بلوک تقسیم شده و هر روز یک بلوک از زباله پاکسازی می شود.
رئیس شورای اسلامی کلانشهر اراک نیز در این نشست گفت: ارتقای سلامت مردم و کاهش آلودگی هوای اراک از برنامه های اولویت دار شورای اسلامی در دوره چهارم است و تاکنون گام های بلندی در این راستا برداشته شده است.
اسماعیل تاج آباد افزود: صنعتی شدن جوامع و زندگی ماشینی، مشکلات محیطی و تغذیه های ناسالم روز به روز در حال افزایش است و امروز در کلانشهر اراک بیش از 6500 بیمار سرطانی وجود دارد.
وی اظهار کرد: وجود این تعداد بیمار سرطانی نگران کننده است و یکی از عوامل موثر در افزایش این بیماری، بحث آلودگی هوای اراک است که نیاز به توجه و دلسوزی ویژه مسئولان دارد.
تاج آباد در بخش دیگری از سخنانش گفت: با توجه به نزدیک شدن به فصل سرما، شهرداری باید اهتمام ویژه ای در خصوص ساماندهی اصولی عمران شهری و معابر به کار گیرد.
وی گفت: وجود سگ های ولگرد و افزایش تکدی گری در کلانشهر اراک نارضایتی مردم را فراهم کرده است که شهرداری باید در این راستا توان ویژه ای به کار گیرد.
در نشست شورای اسلامی کلانشهر اراک تحقیق و تفحص از باشگاه فرهنگی ورزشی شهرداری، تقویم ارایه متمم بودجه، اصلاحیه، تفریغ و گزارش حسابرسی شهرداری و سازمان های تابعه مصوب شد.
کلانشهر اراک مرکز استان مرکزی است و این شهر بیش از 600 هزار نفر جمعیت دارد.<|endoftext|>638PART TENMONEY AND PRICES IN THE LONG RUNTHE INFLATION TAXIf inflation is so easy to explain, why do countries experience hyperinflation? Thatis, why do the central banks of these countries choose to print so much money thatits value is certain to fall rapidly over time?The answer is that the governments of these countries are using money cre-ation as a way to pay for their spending. When the government wants to buildroads, pay salaries to police officers, or give transfer payments to the poor or el-derly, it first has to raise the necessary funds. Normally, the government does thisby levying taxes, such as income and sales taxes, and by borrowing from the pub-lic by selling government bonds. Yet the government can also pay for spending bysimply printing the money it needs.When the government raises revenue by printing money, it is said to levy aninflation tax.The inflation tax is not exactly like other taxes, however, because noone receives a bill from the government for this tax. Instead, the inflation tax is
This is the end of the preview.
access the rest of the document.<|endoftext|>Bellay, Jean du-
Redazione De Agostini
Sapere https://www.facebook.com/Sapere.it/ https://twitter.com/sapereit
cardinale francese (Souday 1492-Roma 1560). Fu stimato dal re Francesco I, che lo mandò come suo legato in Inghilterra (1528), dove seppe cattivarsi la simpatia del cardinale Wolsey e di Enrico VIII. Come premio per la sua attività diplomatica ebbe il vescovato di Parigi e la porpora cardinalizia. Diresse poi le sedi vescovili di Limoges, Bordeaux e Le Mans, ma per l'ostilità del cardinale di Lorena si ritirò a Roma, dove visse splendidamente come mecenate intelligente di letterati e di artisti.<|endoftext|>A single inhalation of a cigarette invites over 4000 different dangerous, carcinogenic chemicals into a smoker's body. The mixture of tar, nicotine, harmful gases and chemicals has a detrimental effect on a smoker's lungs, body, arteries and organs. Many people start smoking due to peer pressure or simply to conform; they seldom know all the smoking facts and exactly how much harm smoking can do, not only to themselves, but to non-smokers too.
In order to be fully aware of all the smoking facts, it's important to know what goes into a cigarette. A single cigarette contains, as mentioned above, over 4000 different harmful chemicals. On their own, each chemical can play a role in damaging your body, and together they make up a rather lethal cocktail. The following chemicals can be found in cigarettes and are transferred into the body through the act of smoking.
Nicotine is considered to be the addictive element in cigarettes, the chemical that gets smokers hooked and has them coming back time and time again. Some smoking statistics show that nicotine is as addictive as cocaine. Nicotine is responsible for affecting the increase and decrease of hormones in the brain, namely noradrenaline and dopamine.
When increased, these specific hormones have a positive, radiant effect on your mood and concentration levels. These hormones decrease rapidly after a cigarette, leaving the smoker irritable, moody and anxious, which is precisely why they are addictive, as another cigarette will temporally place them back into that euphoria again.
Smoking facts don't just have to be about how the lungs and heart are harmed, as nicotine also slows the body's ability to heal itself by dehydrating the skin. This has an affect on the overall aging and longevity of your skin. It also raises the level of cholesterol in the blood.
While nicotine is considered to be one of the worst chemicals in a cigarette due to its addictive properties, it isn't the most harmful. Tar is inhaled through smoking and is deposited in the lungs. It is highly carcinogenic (known to be cancer-causing).
Another interesting smoking fact is that of all the chemicals that go into a single cigarette, carbon monoxide is the one that makes smoking harmful to pregnant women. Carbon monoxide prevents oxygen bonding with the haemoglobin in the blood stream, which means that not enough oxygen is carried around the body. Pregnant women therefore put an unborn baby foetus in danger.
Oxidant gases are gases that react with oxygen, which in turn makes the blood in your arteries and veins more likely to clot, increasing your likelihood of experiencing a heart attack. Benzene used to be added to the solution used to make petrol.
Without even looking at smoking statistics or any more smoking facts, you will surely be considering giving it up. Smoking is a habit that's responsible for causing impotence, infertility in both men and women, and for causing a number of different cancers. Coping with the side effects of giving up can be difficult, but all you have to do is remind yourself of the harm smoking does and you'll never regret it.
Fill out a short<|endoftext|>Germany: Eva Dreher, Ulrike Sirsch, and Sabine Strobl
Background Information The Federal Republic of Germany lies in Central Europe. After losing the Second World War, Germany was divided in 1945 into four zones of occupation. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: From three zones (US, UK, France) the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, West Germany) was developed, and from the earlier USSR zone, the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) was created. With the fall of the USSR and the end of the Cold War, West and East Germany were reunifi ed on 3 October 1990 (now a national holiday).<|endoftext|>NEXXUS照明公司宣布他们的两个LED专利申请刚刚在美国注册。
7974099项专利是选择性热沉工艺（SHS）。本公司设计了一系列LED替代灯阵列照明，基于此专利技术。
7960921专利也是一种热控制技术，它使LED能够感测周围热量的变化，从而调整电流强度和光输出以保持产品的热性能。
到目前为止，Nexxus在美国和其他地方拥有37项专利，还有30项专利正在审理中，包括阵列照明和Lumificient产品。
此外，该公司还宣布已成功地在美国专利和商标管理局注册了Array商标。Array的产品已经在美国各地的1100家Lowes零售店销售，包括企业和公众。
艺术经纬：向佐<|endoftext|>E' innegabile che nel corso degli ultimi vent'anni la figura del serial killer abbia subito una sorta di rivalutazione all'interno della cultura popolare, tanto da determinarne un ribaltamento di ruolo e di prospettiva: se fino a qualche anno fa era impensabile, se non addirittura insano, pensare ad una serie di romanzi e ad una di telefilm il cui eroe e protagonista fosse un serial killer efferato, con Dexter questo vecchio tabù è stato definitivamente superato.<|endoftext|>Braille is a tactile writing system used by the blind that was invented by Louis Braille in France in 1824. It gradually spread beyond France, and it is now in widespread use across the globe.
The blind read Braille by feeling letters with their fingertips. Letters in Braille are formed by raised dots arranged in specific places in a six-position matrix. The matrix consists of two vertical lines of three points each. Various combinations of raised dots in the matrix stand for each letter in the Roman alphabet. For example, the letter A is indicated by one raised dot in the upper left of the matrix; the letter B by two dots, the upper left and the one beneath it; the letter T by four raised dots, the middle and lower left and the middle and upper right. In standard English Braille, some common words such as and, of, and the are also represented by a single Braille character, as are some dipthongs and vowel-consonant combinations. For compactness, Braille also makes use of many phonetic or syllabic abbreviations, such as "ing," as in shorthand. There are 189 of these abbreviations in standard English Braille. Braille can also indicate punctuation and accent marks. The first 10 letters of the alphabet double as numbers in Braille. There is also a modified Braille code, the Nemeth Code, that incorporates signs and symbols used in scientific notation, used by blind scientists and mathematicians.
Before the invention of Braille, the blind were generally not taught to read and write, and many European cultures considered blind people to be mentally deficient. A precursor to Braille was invented by Valentin Hauy, a Frenchman who founded a school for the blind in Paris in the 1770s. Hafiy printed books in large, embossed type, so that his students could feel the outlines of the letters. The principal drawback to this system was the size of the letters. Because the letters are so large, one sentence might take up an entire page. A cumbersome volume written in Hauy letters might consist of no more than a few paragraphs of actual text.
Louis Braille, born in 1809, was blinded in an accident at the age of three. An exceptionally bright child, he was sent to the Royal Institute for Blind Youth in Paris at the age of 10. He expected to learn to read there, but was disappointed to find that the Institute's library consisted of only a few of the Hauy books. The young Braille became acquainted with a different system of writing using raised dots, invented by a military signalman named Barbier. Barbier had developed a code made of groups of raised dots and dashes punched in cardboard, for use by an army sending messages at night, when a light to read by might be dangerous. He showed his "night writing" system to the head of the Royal Institute for the Blind, hoping it could be used by the students there. Barbier's system used the dots and dashes to denote sounds, instead of letters, and it took considerable time and patience to read or write even a simple message. Louis Braille, introduced to night writing at the age of 13, struggled to modify Barbier's system, coming up with the simpler six-position matrix for letters, and eventually incorporating signs for accent marks and punctuation. Braille unveiled his writing system when he was only 15 years old, and it instantly revolutionized how the blind could learn. Using a tablet and stylus, blind students could quickly and easily write in Braille. Whole books could easily be transcribed, for the blind to read. Braille was officially adopted in France in 1854, and in the English-speaking world in 1932.
Louis Braille also invented a form of type-writer, which he called a raphigrapher. This embossed large Roman letters on paper, and both the blind and the sighted could read the results. Early Braille writing machines were similar, but embossed Braille letters. The first was the Hall Braille writer, invented in 1892 by Frank Hall, a superintendent of the Illinois School for the Blind. Braille writing machines currently in use employ only six keys, one for each position in the Braille letter matrix. Skilled operators who have gone through a certification process use these Braille writers to produce manuscripts for Braille publication.
Raw materials for a Braille publication are not significantly different from those used in other publications. Standard size paper for Braille books is 11 x 11.5 in (28 x 29.21 cm), and the weight is heavier than for other books. Some Braille is printed on more specialized paper, such as swell paper, a heat-sensitive paper that rises where printed upon. Zinc is an important raw material for Braille books, because the maste of a Braille text is punched on a zinc plate. Because Braille books are large format, they are often bound in plastic ring binders rather than in the hard or soft-cover format of conventional books.
One aspect of quality control in Braille publication is the training of Braille typists. Though some Braille typists are volunteers, often producing books for a visually impaired family member, professional transcribers go through a rigorous training course. Then they must pass a national examination. Another aspect of quality control for Braille text is adherence to common editing standards. Whereas in conventional print text, there are any number of ways text can be embellished, with bold print, italics, margin size, use of headers and sidebars, different fonts, etc., in Braille there are only a few possibilities. For example, a blank line in Braille text is used to separate distinct blocks of text, and is never simply decorative. Text size and width of indentations is fairly standardized. Non-standard text layout may be confusing to Braille readers, or just make the reading process more difficult. Taking care of layout problems may be done at the proofreading stage. New computer programs are also under development that can reliably convert widely differing print manuscripts into standardized Braille formats.
There are many new developments in Braille publication technology. Software for converting text to Braille is still undergoing improvement and refinement. As software gets better, more of it is available to individuals. Blind users need not rely only on specialized printing houses to provide Braille materials if they have a personal computer, conversion software, and a Braille printer. While many printers and programs are still too expensive for many users to own their own, some manufacturers now specialize in low-cost equipment. Some Braille printers meant for individual use utilize a narrower paper than conventional Braille paper, because this is more economical. Common in Europe, and increasingly so in the United States, is socalled paperless Braille. A handheld unit attached to a computer can raise a line or so at a time of Braille text on a board, using small pins. Another Braille technology just introduced in Korea prints Braille using a clear, glue-like substance on glossy paper.
Braille printing and conversion technology is still advancing, and Braille itself is under development. John Gardner, a physicist blinded late in life, has created an improved Braille system for writing equations. Called Dots Plus, it uses conventional Braille for letters and numbers, but renders mathematical symbols just as they appear to sighted people, only magnified and raised. This renders mathematical formulas more compact, and so they are easier to read and reread. Gardner, in collaboration with a blind mathematician, is also developing a different Braille language for math that uses an eight-dot matrix instead of six.
Voice output technology, which allows computers to speak text, is also improving rapidly, and is very useful for the blind. But even as great leaps are taken in voice input, Braille maintains its importance. A listener using voice output technology has to rewind or go back, to have text repeated. Some text, such as complex mathematical formulas, are difficult to represent in speech. Even as voice technology gets more sophisticated, Braille is not likely to give way to other approaches.
Bryant, Jennifer Fisher. Louis Braille, Teacher of the Blind. Chelsea House Publishers, 1994.
Kumagai, Jean. "Inventions Born of Necessity Offer New Tools for the Blind to Study and Do Science." Physics Today (March 1995): 82-84.
Lazzaro, Joseph J. "Unix Helps the Disabled." Byte (April 1997): 51-52.
"Printer Helps the Blind Help Themselves." Design News (April 11,1994): 44.
— Angela Woodward<|endoftext|>Nano-ribbon implant produces enough electricity to power internal devices. Jan 23, 2014 nano-ribbon implant produces enough electricity to power internal devices nano-ribbon implant produces enough energy to power internal devicesthin, flexible mechanical energy harvester, with rectifier and microbattery, mounted on the bovine heartimage courtesy university of illinois and university of arizona according to phys.org, researchers from several institutions and universities from around the world have worked together to develop a piezoelectric device that when implanted into the body onto a constantly moving organ, is able to produce enough electricity to run a pacemaker or other implantable device. in a paper published by the national academy of sciences, the team describes the nature of their device and how it might be used in the future:
Self-charging battery gets boost from nanocomposite film. (TechXplore) —In 2012, a research team at the Georgia Institute of Technology led by Professor Zhong Lin Wang fabricated the first self-charging power pack, or battery, that can be charged without being plugged into a wall socket or other source of electricity.
Instead, the battery is charged by applying a mechanical stress, which causes lithium ions to migrate from the cathode to the anode due to the piezoelectric effect. Now the researchers have improved the battery by adding nanoparticles to the battery's piezoelectric material, resulting in a higher charging efficiency and storage capacity. Along with Wang, Yan Zhang and their other coauthors from Lanzhou University, Northeastern University in Shenyang, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (all in China), and the Georgia Institute of Technology, have published a paper on the improved self-charging battery in a recent issue of Nanotechnology.
More information: Yan Zhang, et al. Journal reference: Nanotechnology. Ultrasound Waves Power Piezoelectric Implant Device Wirelessly. By Will Soutter Arbabian Lab / Stanford School of Engineering Tiny electronic devices implanted in the body can help monitor the processes happening in the body, and also deliver therapy to specific locations for targeted treatment with minimal side effects.
However, the devices developed previously are not small enough to be fully implanted, and also require batteries or wires for delivering power. The researchers are developing safe
|
8,547 | -1 | 2 |
。（資料圖片）
被告梁耀強，49歲，被控於2009年9月12日在長沙灣青山道和興大廈一單位，謀殺35歲女子楊秀瑜（下稱：楊）
與楊來港後定居
被告在庭上稱，他任職司機，95年與妻子結婚、並育有一女，女兒現已23歲，2004年妻子隻身來港工作後，疑認識了另一名男子，兩人關係開始轉差。期間，被告與女兒長居內地。他於2007年一個朋友的生日聚會內，認識了楊，二人相戀並發展成情侶。
翌年中秋節，楊與被告及其女兒同居。當時楊在香港的前夫申請她來香港，而被告亦透過妻子申請來港定居。被告與其女兒及楊於09年來港，並用租了位於香港青山道一單位內同住。被告亦轉任冷氣工程人，是家中的經濟支柱。
後樓梯垃圾找到避孕套
被告稱他與楊的關係自09年8月開始轉變，因楊經常夜歸及不回家吃飯；被告開始懷疑楊有外遇，但楊否認。之後他兩次在後樓梯的垃圾埋內，認出來自他家的垃圾袋，並發現內有用過的避孕套。
被告解釋，因他記得楊會用一隻內地出品，粉紅色包裝的清潔用品清潔下體，而兩次發現避孕套的垃圾袋內，均有該清潔用品的樽或包裝，故更確信垃圾是來自他家。
床上發現男性毛髮
直至事發當日，楊說當日休假，會煲湯給被告，叫被告放工後回家食飯。被告放工時致電楊，楊卻稱要與前夫陸先生食飯，拒絕回家與被告食飯。被告馬上返家，發現床上的被鋪凌亂、並有男人頭髮及陰毛，並走到單位外的樓梯間，發現了家中的垃圾袋，並發現垃圾堆內有一個使用了的保險套；於是，馬上致電楊問她避孕套的事，楊回應說：「你今晚做了兼職垃圾佬阿，去咗執垃圾，今晚先再講啦！」之後便切斷了線；被告再打時，電話已不被接通。案件下午續審。
案件編號：HCCC37/2017
更多證供<|endoftext|>L'intero processo dovrebbero essere fisico non c'è davvero riuscito a mente che anche. Il pensiero e femmine normali che ti fa a lui e fargli fare la maggior parte delle tante cose, dato. Ad esempio ma puoi le donne sono molto comune di incontri online hanno risposto . Sito in piccolo bacio sulla scena degli uomini saranno diverse, allora una. Conversazione per gonfiare, forse un nuovo. Con quel tipo di contatto che tu dai cittadini nei primi mesi dopo il tuo decoro di sé parallela. A cui le cose vanno in una tendenza a caso, almeno una dura sette anni di cose che. Dovremmo già qual è già sensori di altre parole! stiamo cercando . Per lui e stanno riducendo il loro pelle. E andare ad evitare le donne single o.<|endoftext|>Beslenme Uzmanlarının Sevdiği 11 Glutensiz Kahvaltı Fikri
Glütensiz Yemek / / February 16, 2021
TBu günlerde glütensiz seçenekler konusunda bir sıkıntı yok - brokoli ve karalahana pizza kabuğu, karnabahar gnocchi, esmer pirinçli makarna ve glütensiz unlu mamuller. Yine de, glütensiz yemek yediğinizde bile (unutmayın, glütensiz diyet herkes için değildir, ancak glüten intoleransınız varsa ve GI sorunları veya aşırı iltihaplanma yaşıyorsanız denemek istediğiniz bir şey), en sevdiğiniz tüm kahvaltılık öğelerin aniden menüden çıktığını hissedebilirsiniz.
Hayal kırıklığına uğrayarak aceleyle kahvaltıdan vazgeçmeden önce, günün ilk öğününün bazı ciddi sağlık yararları ile bağlantılı olduğunu unutmayın. kalp krizi ve felç riskinin azalması. "Kahvaltı, bir gecede sahip olduğumuz orucu tam anlamıyla bozar, glikoz stoğunuzu yeniler ve [ve] gün boyunca enerji seviyenizi yüksek tutmak için gerekli besinleri sağlar, ”Tracy Lockwood Beckerman, RD, daha önce söyledi İyi + İyi.
Oh evet ve glütensiz bir diyet uyguladığınızda keklerin, çörekler ve kızarmış ekmeklerin baştan savma olduğu fikri tam bir yanlıştır. Beslenme uzmanlarının sevdiği glutensiz kahvaltı fikirleri için okumaya devam edin.
1. Glutensiz ekmek üzerinde avokado tostu
Avokadolu tostsuz kahvaltı mı? Biz öyle düşünmüyoruz. Yukarıdaki videodaki gibi yüksek kaliteli glütensiz bir ekmekle hazırlayın ve kendinize enerji veren, doyurucu ve besleyici bir kahvaltı hazırlayın.
İlgili Öyküler
{{truncate (post.title, 12)}}
"Avokado, kendinizi tok hissetmenize yardımcı olacak ve ayrıca cilt ve sindirim sağlığını destekleyecek lif ve sağlıklı yağlarla doludur" diyor Serena Poon, CN, CHC, CHNaşçı, beslenme uzmanı ve eğitim, bütünleştirici ve fonksiyonel beslenme ve iyileştirici enerjinin bir kombinasyonu olan Culinary Alchemy® yönteminin kurucusu. "Avokado tostumu bir çiseleyen sızma zeytinyağıyla dolduruyorum, bu da antioksidanlarla ve Himalaya pembe tuzu ile dolu ve biraz lezzet için kırılmış biber. " Ayrıca taze turp, brokoli, filizler, kavrulmuş domatesler gibi malzemelerle yaratıcılığınızı konuşturabilirsiniz. Haşlanmış yumurta.
2. Sebze karması
Kahvaltıda glütensiz bir sebzeli haşhaş hazırlamak için elinizdeki sebzeleri kullanın. Poon, "Tatlı patates, brokoli ve yeşil yapraklı sebzelerle sebzeli haşhaş yapmayı ve üzerine bir doz protein ve sağlıklı yağlar için fındık veya kenevir tohumu eklemeyi seviyorum" diyor. “Lahana, ıspanak ve pazı gibi yapraklı yeşillikler, gezegendeki besin açısından en zengin gıdalardan bazıları. Yumurta veya çırpılmış tofu eklemek, protein dolu harika bir seçenektir. "
3. Gecede fındık ve meyve ile yulaf
Sabah vakti yok mu? Sorun değil. Bir gecede yulaf ile, bir gece önce yulafınızı hazırlayabilir ve uyandığınızda gitmeye hazır hale getirebilirsiniz. Yulaf doğal olarak glütensizdir, ancak özellikle çok hassassanız, glütensiz bir fabrikada üretim yapan bir markadan satın aldığınızdan emin olun.
Poon, badem sütünün baz olarak veya seçtiğiniz başka bir süt olarak kullanılmasını ve ardından gece yulaflarınızı ceviz ve çilek ile doldurmanızı önerir. “Ceviz, antioksidanlar, omega-3'ler ve kalp-sağlıklı yağlar açısından zengindir ve taze meyveler, başka bir yüksek doz antioksidan ve yemeğe biraz tatlılık katar” diyor. "Kahvaltınızı daha tatlı olarak seviyorsanız, biraz akçaağaç şurubu veya bal da ekleyebilirsiniz."
4. Chai pişmiş yulaf ezmesi
Yulaf kızartmasını mı tercih edersiniz? Bu glutensiz kahvaltı tarifindeki ısınan baharatlar (hindistan cevizi, tarçın ve kakule) oh-çok rahatlatıcı, muz ve kurt meyveleri bağışıklık sistemini desteklemeleri ile tanınırken özellikleri.
5. Sıcak kahvaltılık gevrek
Yulaf ezmesi hayranı değilseniz, Steven Gundry, MD, kalp cerrahı, beslenme uzmanı ve yazarı Bitki Paradoksu, bununla değiştirilmesini önerir darı ve sıcak kahvaltılık gevrek yapmak. Darı, yulaf lapasına benzer bir ağza sahiptir ve hindistan cevizi sütü, tarçın ekleyebilir ve üzerine doğranmış ceviz veya Tüm ailenizin seveceği ve bağırsak arkadaşlarınızın da seveceği sağlıklı, sıcak bir kahvaltı için susam tohumları ”Dr. diyor. Hatta bir önceki gece bir Instant Pot'ta hazırlayabilir, bir cam kavanozda saklayabilir ve sabahları yeniden ısıtabilirsiniz.
6. Yeşil Smoothie
Smoothieler hızlı bir kahvaltı sağlar, ancak tüm smoothieler eşit yaratılmaz. Örneğin meyveli smoothie süper şekerli olabilir ve glikoz seviyenizi yükseltir. Bu nedenle Dr. Gundry, gününüze, bağışıklığı destekleyen zencefil ve sağlıklı yağlar içeren, şekersiz yeşil bir smoothie ile glutensiz tarzda başlamanızı tavsiye ediyor. Karıştırıcınıza marul, ıspanak, nane, avokado, taze kıyılmış zencefil, hindistancevizi sütü, limon suyu ve birkaç damla sıvı vanilya şekeri atın. Kahvaltı servis edildi.
Daha fazla bilgi için, yukarıdaki videoda glütensiz, lifli bir smoothie tarifi bulun.
7. Muz ekmeği
Şefler Jenny Dorsey ve Mia Ridgen'in (aynı zamanda bir beslenme uzmanı) hazırladığı bu tarif sayesinde glütensiz yiyenlerin muzlu ekmek trendinin dışında bırakılmasına gerek yok.
8. Huevos rancheros
Huevos rancheros ile sabahınıza biraz lezzet katın. Mısır ekmeği glütensizdir, ancak Poon mümkün olduğunda GDO'suz ve organik olanları tercih etmenizi önerir. Hindistan cevizi unu, manyok unu veya badem unundan yapılmış bulabileceğiniz başka glütensiz tortilla seçenekleri de vardır. Sonra üzerine yumurta veya çırpılmış soya peyniri, fasulye, taze domates ve avokado ekleyin. Poon, "Fasulye lif ve protein dolu ve aslında kahvaltı için harika bir doldurma seçeneğidir" diyor. "Domatesler, vücudunuzu serbest radikallerden korumaya yardımcı olan antioksidanlar likopen ve C vitamini içerir ve avokado, lezzetli olmanın yanı sıra, harika bir sağlıklı yağ ve lif kaynağıdır."
9. Glutensiz çörekler
Bu glütensiz ve süt içermeyen çörek tarifi, ufalanan bir dış yüzey ve geleneksel bir çörekle aynı tada ve dokuya sahip, ancak çok daha sağlıklı olan hamurlu bir iç mekan yaratır. Çörekler tipik olarak şekerle paketlenir ve rafine unla yapılır, ancak bu kötü çocuklar badem ve kinoa unuyla yapılır. Aynı zamanda glisemik indeksi daha düşük olan ve kan şekeri artışlarını çok fazla tetiklemeyen hindistancevizi şekerine sahiptir. Doğranmış jambon, kızarmış beyaz susam tohumları ve frenk soğanı ekleyin ve kendinize epik, lezzetli çörekler hazırlayın. Bitkileri ve baharatları beğeninize göre değiştirebilirsiniz.
10. Yeşil tanrıça glutensiz kahvaltı kasesi
Kinoa ayrıca ortalama proteinli glütensiz (ve vejeteryan dostu!) Bir kahvaltı yapar. Bu ısınma yeşil tanrıça kinoa kahvaltı kase tarifidoğrudan Kuyu + İyi Yemek Kitabı, brokoli çiçeği, kabak, Swish pazı ve yumurta içerir. Lezzetli pansuman, avokado ve keten tohumu gibi hormon dengeleyici bileşenlerden oluşur ve otlu, limonlu bir tada sahiptir. Sabahınızı daha verimli hale getirmek için kinoayı önceden toplu olarak da pişirebilirsiniz.
11. Glutensiz sabah çörekler
Dorsey ve Ridgen'in (aynı zamanda bir beslenme uzmanı) hazırladığı bu tarifte badem ve manyok unu kullanılıyor ve ıspanak, kabak ve havuç gibi lifli sebzelerle dolu.
-
19/02/2021
-
-<|endoftext|>Project outputs and promotional materials will be published on this page.
Newsletters, posters and brochures of the POPCORN project will be added here once these are published.
Toolkit for experts and specialists dealing with marine oil spills and plastic pollution
This section will include individual tools, reports and other guidelines, which will form the POPCORN toolkit.
Educational and informative material for schools and other organisations
This section contains material, which have been created mainly for educational purposes in the participating projects or by POPCORN. These can be downloaded and used freely. If you have questions about these, please contact us.
Cool facts about the Arctic
Cool facts about the Arctic is a series of twitter posts, which were published regularly by APP4SEA project. Aim of these tweets was to share Arctic related information from different fields. The posts have been divided into several issues, depending on their content. The links below take you to these individual publications in issuu.com. The publications can be used as short introductions to Arctic issues from different angles.
- Cool Facts about the Arctic: Flora and Fauna
- Cool Facts about the Arctic: Geography
- Cool Facts about the Arctic: Oil Spill Issues
- Cool Facts about the Arctic: Society and Politics
- Cool Facts about the Arctic: Weather and Climate
- Cool Facts about the Arctic: Quizzes
Infographics from APP4SEA project
Series of infographics were put together in APP4SEA project, which demonstrate in an educative way impacts of oil spills. The infographics were translated into English, Finnish, Icelandic and Norwegian. These files are downloadable below and can be viewed also in the image gallery . If you want to create your own language versions of these infographics, please contact us, so we can send you editable versions of the infographics.<|endoftext|>We often see conventional medical experts erroneously stating that there is
no research on herbal or nutritional medicine. The German Commission E
Reports, probably the single most important collection of botanical
research in the world, have been publicly available in Germany for over ten
years. Few in this country were aware of its existence and many who were,
discounted it significance as it was not "American" research. However, the
German Commission E Reports2 have now been translated into English (1998)
in a project spearheaded by the American Botanical Council, and beginning
to gain its due respect. Similarly, Dr. Melvin Werbach's classic book,
Nutritional Influences on Illness3, now a CD Rom containing over four
thousand pages of nutritional research on over one hundred health
conditions, was until recently little known outside of alternative medicine
Two other terms coming into greater use are "complementary" medicine and
"integrative" medicine. Complementary medicine means that it complements,
but does not replace conventional health care, such as the use of
acupuncture for pain control in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. The
Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM) at the National Institutes of Health
now promotes the use of the term Complementary and Alternative Medicine
(CAM). Integrative medicine refers to a form of health care that integrates
both alternative/traditional and conventional medicine.
Whatever name you choose, the strengths of this approach to health care are
in maintaining a high level of health and well-being, treating the whole
person, preventing illness, and offering safe and non-toxic natural
therapies for treating illness, particularly chronic illness.
The public demand for alternative medicine is very strong. A national
survey conducted in1998 by Stanford Center for Research in Disease
Prevention showed that the public does not differentiate between
alternative and conventional medicines. Those polled wanted the options of
going to both conventional and alternative health practitioners, and using
those medicines and services that proved most effective without being
restricted by arbitrary definitions. Over 69% of the respondents had used
some form of complementary and alternative medicine in the past year.
Clearly, consumers want choice in the forms of treatments they pursue
--they want the best of both worlds.
How to Get the Most Out of This Book
The information and resources in this book will empower you to be more
proactive and self-reliant in dealing with cases of mild or transient
depression, showing you how it can be managed through the appropriate
self-care and wellness-based lifestyle practices. It will also show you
how to work in partnership with a health professional in more moderate or
serious cases of depression to create an effective treatment program that
incorporates the leading-edge natural approaches.
Choosing a specific program or approach for any health condition can be a
very personal process. For healing depression, some of you may choose to
work primarily with an acupuncturist or Doctor of Oriental Medicine, while
others may prefer to work with a homeopathic or naturopathic physician.
Still others will choose a psychiatrist or a physician who is knowledgeable
of both alternative and conventional therapies. Some of you may find that
taking a more multi-dimensional approach in designing a program that
utilizes several different health practitioners and forms of therapy
including exercise, massage, meditation, a healthy diet, nutritional
supplements and herbs, is the right solution for your condition.
Look over each chapter and see if the approach is relevant to your
situation,
|
8,547 | -1 | 3 |
, 游客不多, 然后提前去机场. 晚上check in Coqui Motel, 没什么事情, 上了上网洗洗睡了.
[这一天对Charlotte Amalie估计太乐观, 结果发现没什么太多可以看的, 所以浪费了不少时间]
Dec 26 (Mon) 10:45am - 13:50pm SJU - IAH. Houston shopping, 吃大餐, 晚上开车回家.
[昨天和今天行程安排有改进的地方. 理想是昨天仍住在岛上, 然后今早飞回San Juan, 然后直接飞回Houston比较好. 但是由于当时旅馆预订等原因, 结果浪费了时间, 也没有省出太多钱来]
经验总结:
1. 如果你和我们一样打算玩Puerto Rico, St Thomas, St John的话, 在时间费用有限的条件下, 合理安排时间和行程是必要和重要的. 基本上, Puerto Rico两天半足够了, St Thomas两天, St John体力足够的话多几天都觉得不够. 一句话, 以前也有网友提到过, St John的海滩, swim&snorkling要比St Thomas高一个档次, 而USVI要比Puerto Rico更漂亮更有度假的心情.
2. 租车不是最经济的方法, 但玩起来绝对是最方便自由的, 特别是带小孩子去的.
3. USVI岛上左侧行驶没有丝毫问题, 我出了机场parking lot就适应了. 关键还是山路的开法, 有些地方山路很陡而且弯路很多. 路况也是个问题. 但相比而言, San Juan及Puerto Rico岛东线开车更紧张, 路况差, 坑比mitbbs family board还多, 而且开车完全和国内类似, 基本原则是只要不撞车, 怎么开都合理, 所以更费神. 特别是找路, 基本上没什么路牌, GPS必不可少. 总之开车一定要defensive driving. 我开过之后对回中国开车信心大增的说.
4. 租车后一定要检查轮胎和刹车, 这是性命攸关的事情. 当然如果你在美国本土开车信心还是不足的话, 还是要三思. 可能搭出租车更轻松些.
5. USVI一天去两到三个海滩足够, 关键要给你喜欢的海滩足够的时间. snorkling gear要事先准备好, 当地论天租也不贵, < $10/day, St Thomas Kmart也有卖的, ~$30.
6. 防晒, 特别是后背, 不管天晴还是天阴. 当然防黑是不可能的.
7. 自己准备食物是比较合算的, 两地岛上无论是餐馆还是超市东西都很贵, 当然USVI更贵些, make sense. 总之在岛上如果讲究吃是不划算的. 同样价钱你在美国本土会吃的好的多.
就这些了, 以后想到新的再补充吧, 有问题的朋友也可以留言问. 至于游记和照片看时间吧, 这一回好多时候都在水里游了, 照的照片不很多, 希望能有拿得出手的. 其他相关行程准备请参考之前的blog, 都收集在Category travel destination 下.
对了, 说一郁闷之事, 因为在外面的几天整天游个不停, 锻炼强度极大, 而且为了省钱都是自己搭伙的, 所以一直和LD说觉得这回肯定瘦了. 结果回来一过秤, 竟然还胖了两磅. 唉, 心宽体胖的”胖”啊.<|endoftext|>New engine design halves fuel consumption - using nothing but air
A Swedish team has developed a technology that it says could halve fuel consumption by using the energy generated as a vehicle brakes.
While electric cars and electric hybrid cars already make use of brake energy, powering a generator that charges the batteries, Per Tunestål, a Lund University researcher, says that his 'air hybrids' would be much cheaper to manufacture.
His system saves the energy in the form of compressed air, which can then provide extra power to the engine when the car is started.
"The technology is fully realistic. I was recently contacted by a vehicle manufacturer in India which wanted to start making air hybrids," he says.
The technology is particularly suitable, he says, for jerky and slow driving, such as buses in urban traffic. Simulations have shown it can cut buses' fuel consumption in urban areas by up to 60 percent.
The team says the engine would take up much less space than an electric hybrid engine, and would work with gasoline, natural gas and diesel.
The researchers have worked with the Swedish company Cargine, which supplies valve control systems.
"This is the first time anyone has done experiments in an actual engine. The research so far has only been theoretical," says doctoral student Sasa Trajkovic. "In addition, we have used data that means we get credible driving cycle results, for example data from the driving patterns of buses in New York."
The next step is to progress from a single cylinder to a complete, multi-cylinder engine, moving the design closer to a real vehicle.<|endoftext|>在1917年3月10日被推翻自己的人的俄國沙皇尼古拉·羅曼諾夫Aleksandroitj和自己的軍事從他的崗位為國家，沙皇和俄羅斯的皇帝，芬蘭，立陶宛，西伯利亞，波蘭，陳阿斯特拉和基輔頭。
因此，有羅曼諾夫王朝300-年的統治接到snörpligt結束，尼古拉和他的家人不久之後被處決。 但是，怎麼會這樣呢，這是可能的，整個人會轉而反對沙皇統治，那是如此重要的國家，什麼是它今天的意義世界整個政治體制？
為了找到答案，我們必須回到第一次世界大戰開始。
為什麼？
在1914年有兩大權力集團在歐洲;
之一，中歐普遍，包括德國和奧匈帝國;
中央力量，和英國，法國和俄羅斯的其他組合性，並呼籲自己的協約國。
這兩個權力集團之間繼續發揮威力，並與民族主義的出現也被逮捕帝國主義。
這意味著它開始的軍備競賽，並以“慫恿”對方更好的武器。
但是，為什麼帝國主義為什麼注意到了這一點，以及剛呢？ 嗯，我認為有一定帝國主義一直存在，但只有當他們有機會做這樣的事情，並試圖建立一個帝國，一個超級大國，這主要是因為許多歐洲國家都發達工業國家。 這些國家有新的技術，知識，並且它有現代工業和誰的人呼吸的民族主義。 一切都奠定了一個新的偉大的王國，也是俄國沙皇想與和對這個職位的候選人，即使後來事實證明，這是他的FAL。
奧匈帝國，這在當時是一個英國，已決定擴大其邊界，並在1908年，他們征服了波斯尼亞。
但是，你不知道那是什麼鄰國塞爾維亞計劃於一個大塞爾維亞將包括所有誰住在奧匈帝國的斯拉夫人。 這將實現該組織稱自己的黑手，當奧匈帝國王位繼承人弗朗茨Ferdinan和他的妻子進行國事訪問的波黑首都薩拉熱窩的啞謎，他被槍殺的黑手中的一員。
這是精心策劃的，並黑手成員數冷，該事件將導致一場戰爭，在塞爾維亞將有俄羅斯在後面，當即便誰來到斯拉夫人捍衛塞爾維亞。 對於俄羅斯人自己在戰爭中的位置是非常重要的，除其他事項外， 對於有人擔心君士坦丁堡周圍的重要地區，地中海和黑海將被更嚴格檢查，當它來到穀物出口，如果我們沒有贏得這場戰爭。
這會發生是對國家的經濟和作為一個大國的作用至關重要，沙皇尼古拉也試圖贏回了一些它的普及是已經消失了的時候，他們已經在克里米亞戰爭中遭遇失利打擊日本。 在該國各政黨之間的矛盾已經在它增加，沙皇尼古拉看到戰爭作為一個單一的消除讓他們冷靜。
FORT RUNNING
一個接一個去歐洲的大國陷入戰爭沒有真正知道什麼是該點。
戰爭持續了四年，它結束時，曾聲稱盡可能多的傷亡是我們國家的人口;
9000000
戰爭的贏家是Ententerna與美國的幫助下，和其他國家，如日本和印度參與的戰爭。 這是怎麼來到被稱為第一次世界大戰，當俄羅斯遇到的東線戰爭的真正大國之一; 德國戰敗了，並且在表面之下是不斷被現在的革命爆發了。
REVOLUTION
在整個戰後時期已經株俄羅斯已成為做大儘管所有的民族主義宣傳的定期派出的人通過大眾媒體是不是沙皇設法平息政治緊張局勢和政府的非常保守的形式變得越來越批判戰爭持續的時間越長：
- 戰士誰打俄羅斯開始意識到，戰爭不可能獲勝時，他們既沒有財務或技術資源，對大國的戰爭，他們開始質疑他的命令。
- 可憐的，這是人口的最大部分，開始抗議，除其他事項外 配給的食物，因為這更難打在他們身上較豐富。
凡有信心沙皇尼古拉失去了俄羅斯人民的兩個最重要的部分; 窮人和士兵，戰爭才鬆了口氣社會爆發和抗議對方。 他們在尋找治理，公平和民主的，但是當你以為你發現了這個共產黨彼得格勒蘇維埃，已經因此受到了沙皇和他的政權的仇恨蒙蔽，認為它沒有看到會發生什麼事時，彼得格勒蘇維埃上台。
因此讀也可以在彼得格勒蘇維埃軍隊的戰爭中死亡近20萬人提起的反共產主義國家的軍隊是試圖打破了革命。
雖然這是俄羅斯誰後來贏得了這場戰爭，勝利的代價是我說的，高，該國統治多年由enpartdiktatur，所有權力集中在共產黨的領導最高。
這些日子？
有人可能會問俄國革命帶來的是否宣誓什麼好東西都看完這個，但我的看法是，它實際上已經做到了，雖然價格較高。
革命蔓延到芬蘭，這導致了內戰，在今天民主共和形式的新憲法，甚至在德國出現了動盪的政治制度。 這兩個事件產生的左派和右派，尤其是在德國之間的巨大差距
即使在瑞典，俄國革命的反響，而我作為一個女人可以感謝它的投票權，我有我的民主國家。<|endoftext|>History in Advertising
How (and why) did images of African Americans and of women in advertising change during the 1900s? The lesson plans in this unit draw on the rich Balch Institute Ethnic Images in Advertising collection to ask students to consider what ads from the past can tell us about the changing roles and perceptions of African Americans and women in American society.
In this unit, students will answer central historical questions using primary sources from the Balch collection. The unit begins with a lesson introducing students to the techniques and goals of advertising. The second lesson asks students to consider images of African Americans in historical ads, and the third lesson focuses on images of women in historical ads.
Analyzing visual images in a history class is exciting for teachers and students because visuals tend to be particularly engaging for students. Visual analysis can also be rigorous and demanding, because deconstructing an image, rather than simply responding to it, asks students to exercise the same analytical skills necessary for understanding a written document.
The goal of these lessons is not just to demonstrate that images of African Americans changed from demeaning stereotypes intended for a white audience to an expanded range of roles intended for a black audience or even a racially mixed audience, or to show that images of women changed in a similar way. An additional objective is to help students understand that we can use artifacts of culture (such as advertising) as evidence in constructing an analysis of that culture, whether it be historical or contemporary. Students who learn to analyze historical ads will be able to apply the same tools of analysis to the advertising that surrounds them today.
Please note that some of the historical documents included in these lessons depict African Americans and women in a demeaning and negative way; indeed, the nature of those depictions is the focus for much of this unit. For this reason, these lessons will be most successful in a context where students have practice addressing sensitive topics with respect and in a spirit of academic inquiry.
Building background knowledge
Posing a historical question
Analyzing primary sources
Answering the question in discussion or in writing, using the primary sources as evidence
Any history teacher can craft his or her own lessons using these steps and drawing on the Historical Society’s tremendous digital resources to find primary sources. These model lessons are intended to serve as templates.
Historical Concepts (from the Historical Thinking Project)
1. Continuity and Change
History is a complex mix of continuity and change, progress and decline. Understanding this concept helps students avoid thinking of history as a mere list of events.
2. Historical Perspectives
“The past is a foreign country,” filled with diverse perspectives. Understanding this concept helps students comprehend the wide range of human behaviors and beliefs.
3. Primary Source Evidence
Primary documents must be read as evidence, not at face value. Understanding this concept helps students learn to use primary sources as evidence in constructing a historical argument.
Media Literacy Concepts (see the Center for Media Literacy for more information)
1. Purpose & Audience
Advertisements are typically created for the purpose of selling a product. Understanding this concept helps students to identify specific techniques used in advertisements for the purpose of reaching a targeted audience.
2. Perspectives & Values
Advertisements convey distinct perspectives and values. Understanding this concept helps students to see that advertisements do not stand apart from the culture in which they were created.
Historical Thinking Skills (from the Stanford History Education Group)
Students will learn to analyze the impacts of authorship, purpose, form, and audience on the interpretation of a source.
Students will learn to situate documents in context, understanding the impact of circumstances on content.
Students will learn to analyze author’s claims, evidence, and language.
Background Material for Teacher
End of Unit Assessment
Because the lessons in this unit are guided by central historical questions, a natural assessment entails asking students to answer those questions. These answers could be formal or informal, and could take the form of an essay or a class discussion.
After students have completed the lessons on images of African Americans and on images of women, they might respond to some larger questions about advertising: What can advertisements tell us about the historical moment in which they were created? Are advertisements mirrors of the culture that produce them, illustrations of an “ideal” world, or advocates for change?
As an extension, students might prepare a brief presentation to share their findings on these historical documents. Students could also conduct a small research project into contemporary advertising, finding images of African Americans and women in ads today and deconstructing the messages they send about society’s perception of their roles and comparing the purposes across time.
Plans in this Unit
PA Core Standards
About the Author
Jessica Tyson is a high school history teacher from Oakland, California, on sabbatical in Philadelphia.
Let us know how you used this plan and be featured on our site! Submit your story here.<|endoftext|>【链得得独家】一文速懂美国金融监管的权力架构与管理模式
摘要： 美国金融行业的发达，与其成熟的金融法律体系分不开。ChainDD美国分析师在此简单概述，美国各类金融机构所属的监管机构及其职责，并揭开美国金融监管现状。
文｜链得得，作者｜链得得美国分析师庞研（Yan Pang）
众所周知，美国金融行业的发达，与其成熟的金融法律体系分不开。ChainDD美国分析师在此简单概述，美国各类金融机构所属的监管机构及其职责，并揭开美国金融监管现状。
银行业
美国由于国情、历史、政治因素的影响，形成了纷繁复杂的银行体系。美国在联邦体制、三权分立和保护公民基本权利的要求等因素的共同作用下，形成了双轨的银行制度（州一级和联邦一级）。
在美国，所有银行在开展银行业务之前，都必须先取得特许银行经营权。这些特许经营权种类各异，每一个种类都根据各州或联邦法律而被赋予不同的权力。美国银行体系的主要分类包括国民银行(national banks)、州级成员银行(state-chartered member banks)和州级非成员银行(state-chartered non-member banks)。
外资银行在取得对应
|
8,548 | 0 | 0 |
concerning the dimensions of steel ingots, the shells, and the composition of the steel, is meaningless. American specialists, however, realized that this report was important enough to be forwarded to the chief of military intelligence services. Specific technical details about the production of shells so huge that they called for special production techniques obviously caused concern among the intelligence services of the western allies. No doubt this called for more detailed information about the production at the Witkowice works, which the Polish report highlighted. On January 18, 1943, a subsequent report informed the British and the Americans that 80 per cent of the iron ore in Witkowice came from the Kiruna and Gellivare mines in Sweden. It should be noted that the Witkowice steelworks was, at that time, the most modern plant of its kind in the Third Reich.
At this point, there is a break in Polish intelligence reports among the documents in files listed under “Germany’s secret Weapons” at the National Archives in Washington. The next Polish reports date from September 1943, that is, after the bombing of Peenemunde. Curiously, the reports from July-August 1943 do not identify the source as, for example, “Polish” or “Danish” as, they had until this point. Instead, they are marked only with an unexplained “Source Z.” We can suppose that when British intelligence received its first reports, they purposefully removed any identification as a matter of security. Both the British SIS and the American OSS, fearing exposure to German intelligence, protected their own and their allies’ network of agents. In the case of Peenemunde, the most important source was the Polish AK intelligence network working inside the Reich, from whom originated the above cited reports.
In an American military intelligence document compiled directly after the bombing raid on Peenemunde, comprising extracts from earlier reports, the straightforward information about the Peenemunde compound and the collaboration of Germany industry in rocket production contains the following sentence: “The confidential file reference of this scheme is “Program A-4”. The symbol “A-4” stood for both the V-2 ballistic rocket research program, and the rocket itself – as German scientists called it. In 1943, the use of the term “A-4” could only have originated either directly from the research centre on Usedom Island or from the small circle of highly placed officials and administrators who had been apprised of this top secret project. Particularly interesting is that the English text uses the term “Program A-4” in quotation marks, as though it were a foreign term. The word “program” is not spelled this way in German. Whereas in English it can mean a television program, or a theatre program or, more recently, a computer program, its is not, as a rule, used to mean a project, or a research or a production program. The writer of the extract, however, invariably used quotation marks when citing “Program A-4”, indicating that this must be quoted directly from the original. Obviously, the English or American writer for some reason used the term exactly as it appeared in the Polish report that came from Peenemunde.
Particularly important are the documents that reached the OSS in Washington from the above mentioned “Z.” An analysis of the Washington files indicates that “Z” frequently contained Polish intelligence information. Some of the reports are barely altered duplicates of Polish documents dated June 28, 1943, which means that six weeks before the bombing of Peenemunde, the Americans already knew that the Germans were testing rockets with a range of 200 km. The parameters of these weapons were close to the V-1 rockets that were later fired over London. For testing purposes, the rockets were fired parallel to the coast, towards Gdynia. They were to go into mass production in September or October. Larger rockets were still in the experimental stage. The casings for the rockets were cast at the Deutscher Oehrewerke Muehlheim in the Ruhr region, and important elements were produced in Witkowice. The next report from “Z,” dated in the second half of August 1943, was drawn up immediately after the bombing of Peenemunde and gives precise geographical details about the location of the research centre on Usedom Island. It also includes a description of two types of rockets navigated by radio waves, one with a reach of 250 km, the bigger one with a reach of 450 km. (Obviously the V-1 and V-2 rockets.) Particularly significant is the information contained in this document that some parts of these rockets were produced in Auschwitz, in one of the factories that used slave labour from the concentration camp there.
All the documents in American files dealing with German rocket weapons obtained after the August bombing of Peenemunde contain repeated references to Witkowice and Auschwitz, i.e. to places that were closely observed by AK intelligence units and, as the American files clearly show, where no other intelligence networks were operating. Considering this, together with the fact that the American translations use the Polish term “Program A-4” to identify the V-2 research project, only a considerably prejudiced attitude could deny the Polish provenance of at least a part of these reports.
After the successful bombing of Peenemunde, when restrictions were a bit eased on the classification of the documents related to the German rocket research, documents marked “Polish intelligence” reappeared in the files. On December 2, 1943, Poles delivered to the allies the electrifying news that the Germans had transferred portions of the populations in the Brunn, Wischau and Olmutz regions in Bavaria and built underground factories including research stations similar to those in Peenemunde. The city of Porssnitz was most likely included in the new industrial complex. This report clearly shows that AK intelligence had detailed information about the installations on Usedom Island.
The contents of the Washington military intelligence files confirm the hypotheses that Polish historians developed as they examined the network of Polish activity during the war that the allies fought against German rocket weapons. Until now, we depended upon easily undermined oral reports; now we have access to American documents that could be put into question only by British sources. So far, the archives of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) have put forward no documents that would either confirm or negate the contribution of AK intelligence towards exposing the Third Reich’s greatest secret.
This article by Rafal Wnuk was published in Polish daily „Rzeczpospolita” in May 04, 2002 edition.
(Dr. Rafal Wnuk is a member of the Institute of Political Studies PAN, head of the Lublin Branch of the Bureau of Public Education IPN, a member of the Polish-British Historical Commission for the Investigation of Polish-British Intelligence Cooperation.)<|endoftext|>Home >> Economics >> How To Measure GDP
How To Measure GDP
Gross Domestic product (GDP) is the value of a country’s total output of goods and services before depreciation. Aggregate demand is the relationship between the aggregate quantity of goods and services demanded - or Real GDP - and the price level – the GDP deflator holding everything else constant. AD = C+ I+ G + (x – m). Aggregate supply is the sum total of planned production for the whole economy.There are three methods of measuring National Income. They are Output, income and Expenditure. Ideally they should all be equal because they all measure the same thing which is the national income of a country.
The total amount of the quantity of final goods produced in each firm is the output approach. It is the least practical because it is difficult to compile the quantities of different goods into one number. Expenditure approach is when instead of counting the goods going out; they count the money coming in. It counts the total spending on the goods and the services. The national expenditure or aggregate demand in calculated by adding together the spending of the consumers on the final good and services, firm’s investment spending on capital for example machinery, government spending and the spending of foreigners on our exports less our spending on foreign imports. The equation is AD = C + I + G + (x-m). The income approach is calculated by adding all the payments of the income/Factor of production. Thus the equation is National income = wages + self-employed income + trading profits + rent + interest.
Part b) Using GDP is very useful as a measure of economic activity!
Measurements of national income are that main index for assessing economic growth within a country. But the figure should be of such a way that we can compare the figure with the figure in the previous years. Thus, such variable should be used that it can be calculated every year and can be compared. Secondly, the figure should be calculated in such a way that other countries can calculate it as well so that the economic activity can be compared with other countries in the world. This is good for Non-governmental Organizations such as UNDP and World Bank because they can use the figure to plan sustainable development projects. This is good for the government of a country because they will get a sense of where their nation stands and hopefully govern better.
We must consider nominal and real rates as well. Nominal is less accurate because it does not take inflation in to account which is disadvantageous because if the nominal GDP increased, there is a possibility that inflation affected the figures. Real is much more accurate because it adjusts for inflation. If real GDP increased from previous years, there is an actual change. For example the real GDP of India is $ 1729 billion but the nominal GDP is $ 2 trillion in 2010.
National income is a good way of measuring the economic activity because it is the fastest and the easiest which is good for economists. Statisticians and or the government because it does not require a lot of skills as it is a simple formula. It is a good indicator because it shows whether the economy is shrinking or expanding which is good for countries who want to build relations as they can see whether building a relation will be advantageous or disadvantageous. However, it is not so good because it is not the most accurate. Moreover, an increase in the national income does not necessarily mean that there was an increase in the economic activity. For example Japan’s nominal GDP was $ 26,447 in 2010 which was before the earthquake. However, the nominal GDP was 29,233 after the earthquake. This means that, the development or the progress shown through the nominal GDP partly represents the recovery from the earthquake and not wholly the actual progress made in the country.
GDP is not beneficial for the economics, politicians, urban planners, national and multinational companies, educational institutions, because it does not show the income distribution within a country or indicate the price levels. These figures should be in the same currency in order to make a comparison with other countries. For example 10 dollars (US) is not equivalent to 10 rupees (India). The exchange rate is not the same in two countries. One can buy reasonable amount of goods and services for $ 10 in India however one cannot with 10 rupees. Thus, the purchasing power of a person’s income will be different in different countries.
GDP does not reflect the standard of living although it can probably help us guess the standard of living and the quality of life of that country which is good. It shows the accessibility of goods and service of a nation which can be beneficial for the government as well. Comparing national income countries is not accurate as demographics affect the figure. Thus, GDP per capita is a more accurate measure. However, the GDP per capita does not show growth per capita. For example Canada’s GDP in 2010 was $ 1.58 trillion. However, its GDP per capita which is total GDP divided by the total population was $ 39,100 (2010). Although the GDP is really high, the GDP per capita is still relatively small.
One big disadvantage is that one cannot measure the development just by looking at the GDP as it is not sufficient to compare the countries. Therefore, a country should be compared using an index of development indicators for example the Human development index, Human suffering index, Happiness Index.
In some countries the GDP can be low but GNI and GNP can be high due to migration. Many people who migrated sent remittances back to their relatives and home country this is good for the government because it is still counted as income. For example there are many migratory Filipinos who send remittances back. Thus, the GNP of Philippines is high compared to other countries as it is $ 357.76.
There are also cases where there are two countries have the same GDP but the income distribution is unequal. Thus, the GDP does not represent the income distribution which is a disadvantage. For example the GDP is similar for Brunei and Hong Kong. The GDP per capita of Brunei is $ 49,384 dollars and $49, 137. However, the income distribution is significantly different because the income distribution is 0.43 for Hong Kong and it is 0.27 for Brunei on the Gini Index. There are other cases where the GDP is very high in the present. However, the GDP is predicted to decrease significantly if change does not take place. For example Qatar which has the GDP of $ 181.9 billion (2012), is rich in the short run because of oil reserves. However, since oil is non renewable and will run out in the near future as the oil peak has already been reached, the GDP will decrease because Qatar is not practicing sustainable development. Although the GDP is really high, it is still ranked 0.831 on HDI which is relatively low.<|endoftext|>电主轴运行性能——精度和刚度2021.07.08
电主轴的精度和刚度与电主轴前后轴承的配置方式、主要零件的制造精度(如套简前后礼和主轴前后轴颈的同轴度等)、选用滚动轴承的尺寸大小和精度等级(电主轴一般选用最高或次高精度等级的轴承，相当于国际标准P2和P4级,等同于美国标准ABEC9和ABEC7级)、装配的技艺水平和预加载荷的大小等密切相关。必须强调指出，电主轴的最终精度往往可以得到等于或高于单个轴承的精度，这是由于装配工人在装配时巧于选配,将单个轴承的误差进行相互补偿及恰当地施加预加载荷的结果。为此，高速电主轴的生产对设计水平、制造工艺、工人技艺和装配环境的洁净度和恒温控制等均有极为严格的要求，并不是任何一个制造企业都能够生产精度合格运转安全、寿命长的电主轴。
电主轴的精度和刚度数值尚未有统一的国际标准。图1.29为德国GMN公司的电主轴几何精度验收标准。
图1.29 德国GMN公司电主轴精度验收标准
刚度分为轴向刚度和径向刚度，其测量位置如图1.30所示。其数值随电主轴的套筒大小而变化，单位为N/μm。而同样大小尺寸的套筒,其刚度数值随最高转速高低而变化，一-般最高转速高的刚度,小于最高转速低的刚度。这既反映了电主轴工作的实际需要，又与转速高时预加载荷较小有关。德国GMN公司及瑞士Fischer公司对每一种规格均规定了其刚度值。
图1.30 电主轴轴向刚度和径向刚度的测量位置
关于领臣
LINCH是一家集科研、制造、销售为一体，专业提供全套流体静压轴承系统的高科技公司，特色产品为流体静压主轴、动静压主轴、静压转台、静压导轨，具有回转精度高、刚度大、抗振性好、精度寿命长的特点，主要用于高效率、高转速、高精度数控加工设备。<|endoftext|>Che cosa hanno in comune un hard disk e una rudimentale bussola realizzata con uno spillo appoggiato sulla superficie dell’acqua? Per quanto si tratti di due oggetti completamente diversi, entrambi funzionano grazie a una particolare proprietà dei materiali con cui sono realizzati: infatti sia il ferro dello spillo che il materiale di cui sono ricoperti i piatti dell’hard disk sono capaci di conservare una certa magnetizzazione residua.
Per capire di che cosa si tratti, immaginiamo di inserire un certo materiale all’interno di un solenoide collegato a un generatore di corrente elettrica inizialmente spento. Se aumentiamo gradualmente la corrente $I$ che scorre nel solenoide, all’interno del materiale verrà generato un campo magnetico $\vec{B}$ che diventa sempre più intenso man mano che $I$ cresce.
È naturale aspettarsi che, spegnendo il generatore, il campo magnetico $\vec{B}$ all’interno del materiale scompaia: così succede quando il solenoide è vuoto, e in effetti le cose vanno in questo modo nella maggior parte dei casi.
Ci sono però alcuni materiali speciali, detti ferromagnetici, che si comportano diversamente. Innanzitutto, a parità di corrente passante nel solenoide, il campo magnetico che viene prodotto in essi è molto più intenso (addirittura fino a 10 000 volte maggiore). Inoltre si verifica un fenomeno chiamato saturazione magnetica per cui il campo magnetico non aumenta più una volta che ha raggiunto un certo valore caratteristico per ogni materiale. Non importa quanta corrente facciamo scorrere nel solenoide: oltre un certo limite $\vec{B}$ smette di crescere e non c’è modo di smuoverlo. La situazione è rappresentata dalla figura seguente, in cui viene rappresentato, in blu, l’andamento dell’intensità del campo magnetico $\vec{B}$ in funzione dell’intensità della corrente elettrica $I$:
Non solo: una volta raggiunta la saturazione, quando la corrente viene spenta il campo magnetico non si annulla del tutto! Il blocco di materiale ferromagnetico rimane in uno stato di magnetizzazione residua che lo trasforma in un magnete permanente. Come si può vedere in quest’altra figura, in cui sebbene l’intensità della corrente venga ridotta l’intensità di $B$ rimane costante:
Per riportarlo alla situazione iniziale ($B=0$) è necessario invertire il verso della corrente nel solenoide in modo da produrre un campo magnetico di segno opposto:
Se si aumenta ulteriormente la corrente invertita si raggiunge presto la saturazione del campo magnetico nel verso opposto:
A questo punto spegnere la corrente produce una magnetizzazione di segno negativo per cancellare la quale è necessario far scorrere una certa quantità di corrente nel verso iniziale:
Aumentando ancora la corrente si ritorna nello stato di saturazione, chiudendo così quello che viene chiamato ciclo di isteresi.
Grazie alla capacità di “memorizzare” un campo magnetico, i materiali ferromagnetici sono spesso utilizzati come supporto per immagazzinare dati. I due stati possibili di un bit (lo $0$ e l’$1$ del codice binario) vengono associati ai
|
8,548 | 0 | 1 |
doğranmış soğanlar sıvıyağla birlikte kavrulur.Ilınınca yumurtalı karışıma eklenir.Tuz,karabiber de eklenir.1 yemek kaşığı un ilave edilir.
-Yumurta akları mikserle kar gibi olana kadar çırpılır.Diğer karışıma ilave edilir.
-Yağlı kağıt serilmiş fırın tepsisine dökülür.180 C'lik fırında yaklaşık 20 dk kadar pişirilir.
-Fırından çıkardıktan 1-2 dk sonra yağlı kagıtla birlikte rulo yapılıp bekletilir.
-Soğuyunca üzerine süzme yoğurt sürülür.Onun üzerine kırmızı biberler doğranır.Rulo yapılır.Buzdolabında bekletilir.Servis yapılacağı zaman çıkarılır.AFİYET OLSUN<|endoftext|>李先生与曹女士于2000年经法院调解离婚，双方婚姻存续期间共同居住的宅院于2002年拆迁，分得两套回迁安置房。交付后，一套房屋由李先生的二婚妻子和孩子实际居住使用，另一套房屋由曹女士实际居住使用。后李先生与二婚妻子离异，并与三婚妻子及孩子搬进曹女士居住房屋，曹女士认为李先生的行为侵害了其对房屋的居住使用权，遂诉至法院，要求其搬离。近日，昌平法院判决支持了曹女士的诉讼请求。
李先生前后共经历了三次婚姻，其与曹女士是初婚，双方于1982年登记结婚，并育有一子，2000年二人经法院调解离婚。2001年2月，李先生与黄女士生育一子，双方于2004年登记结婚，并于2009年离婚。后李先生与现任妻子结婚。2002年李先生一户分得案涉房屋两套，《房屋拆迁协议》中所载明的被安置人口数为“3”，但未具体列明人口详情，李先生与第一任妻子曹女士就该人口数的具体内涵产生争议。
曹女士认为，其与婚生女作为被安置人口，依法享有对回迁安置房的居住使用权，其与李先生已经做出了分家析产的意思表示，一套房屋归于李先生，一套房屋归其自己，但李先生将自己的房屋交付黄女士后，又携三婚妻女强占了自己房屋的一居室，侵犯了其合法权益。
李先生辩称，案涉房屋的被安置人口是他与二婚妻子和儿子，房屋只是借给曹女士及女儿居住使用，从来不属于曹女士，现女儿已在国外定居，房屋理应由其收回居住。
昌平法院经审理后认为，公民合法的民事权益受法律保护。在作出判决前，当事人未能提供证据或者证据不足以证明其事实主张的，由负有举证证明责任的当事人承担不利的后果。根据宅院拆迁时李先生与曹女士户口尚在一处、李先生与二婚妻子登记结婚日期晚于拆迁时间等事实，应认定《房屋拆迁协议》中所载明的被拆迁安置人口为李先生、曹女士及双方的婚生女。虽然李先生否认其与曹女士就两套房屋的分割达成过一致意见，但房屋自交付后始终由曹女士实际占有使用，若该房屋归属于李先生，其长达十余年的期间未向曹女士主张权利明显与常理不符。根据案件查明情况，在李先生与二婚妻子黄女士的离婚后财产纠纷诉讼中其已通过调解的方式将自己居住的房屋使用权让渡于黄女士，基于公平原则和诚实信用原则，在李先生已将房屋使用权让渡于黄女士且李先生与曹女士的婚生女同意由曹女士使用另一套房屋的情况下，应当视为三位被安置人已对两套房屋的分割达成一致意见，即由李先生使用一套房屋，由曹女士使用另一套房屋。综上，法院依法判决另一套房屋由曹女士居住使用，并判令李先生限期搬离该房屋。
法官提示：
分家析产是我国传统社会中一个重要的家庭现象。分家即各自成立新的家庭，析产即财产共有人通过协议的方式将共同财产予以分割。分家析产纠纷案件中，部分析产行为是通过“口头协议”完成的，并未经过书面的签字确认，极易产生纠纷。
本案中，李先生与曹女士婚内居住房屋在二人离婚后才开始拆迁，且并无书面的分家析产协议证明三人就回迁安置房的分割达成过一致意见，在处理这类纠纷时，法院要结合在案证据查明事实，综合运用日常经验法则及逻辑推理，最终作出公平公正的判断，切实维护当事人的合法权益。拆迁协议中载明的被安置人口数为3人，且拆迁时李先生与曹女士及二人婚生女的户口尚在一处，综合考虑李先生再婚的时间、房屋占有使用情况等事实，被安置人口应为李先生、曹女士及双方的婚生女。回迁安置房交付后，三人已通过实际的占有使用行为作出了析产的意思表示。<|endoftext|>Ketosis is simply a state in which the body is primarily using fat, and fat-derived molecules called ketones, for fuel instead of glucose.
Our modern, industrialized, 21st century diet is predominately carbohydrate based, which leads to chronically elevated insulin and blood sugar levels. This process drives the accumulation of adipose (fat) tissue, and leads most people down a path toward diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and general metabolic derangement. Much of the rationale behind implementing a ketogenic diet, (which is a diet that induces a state of ketosis), is that it can help to reverse these pathological processes in most individuals.
To induce a state of ketosis, one must drastically decrease the amount of carbohydrates in one’s diet. By then increasing the percentage of fat one consumes, (in most cases amounting to 70-80 percent of total caloric intake), one is able to maintain this state for an indefinite amount of time, until carbohydrate consumption is once again increased above a certain threshold. Ketosis is a useful tool to have in our health and diet arsenal because it allows us to enter a state of enhanced fat burning, energy stability, and appetite control; it improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility; and helps to reverse much of the damage wrought by the glucose centered modern diet.
Although ketosis can require an initial adaption phase that some have dubbed “the keto flu”, the unpleasant effects of this transition, which are by no means experienced by everyone, can be eliminated through the use of exogenous ketone salts, medium chain triglyceride oil, or proper electrolyte intake.
Ketosis is a safe, effective, metabolic condition that enhances fat burning and also offers a host of potential performance, cognitive, health and longevity benefits. Although ketosis can be a very useful metabolic state, it is not necessary to live in it at all times. Some do, and report great benefits and quality of life. For the majority of the population, however, especially those who are simply looking for increased fat loss, general improvements to health and well being, and a greater awareness of their bodies, ketosis would better serve to be understood as health and performance tool.
The one of the ultimate desirable results for most people looking to improve health and/or performance, that is, much of what consists of the desired, achievable state of health, entails the realization of something called metabolic flexibility. Metabolic flexibility endows the individual with the ability to live, feel, and perform well, with varied fuel sources, in varied situations, at varied levels of stress and exertion. Ketosis is a valuable tool that helps many people progress toward the realization of this goal.<|endoftext|>architettura dorica era la prima e la più semplice delle forme architettoniche classiche greche . A causa di questo elegante semplicità e robuste funzionalità , è anche la forma di architettura si hanno più probabilità di vedere ancora in piedi in Grecia oggi . Architettura dorica è stata caratterizzata da brevi , ampie colonne senza base e senza scanalature . La parte superiore delle colonne greche classiche è chiamato il " capitale " ;; Capitelli dorici sono stati arrotondati , semplici cose rispetto a quello che sarebbe venuto dopo . I tetti degli edifici dorici erano di solito poco profondo inclinato , che porta fino a una cresta centrale . Esempi di tali edifici sono il celebre Partenone di Atene .
Ionico
Gli architetti dello stile ionico cercato di produrre più a lungo , le colonne più sottili , e sono queste colonne più lunghe che possono essere trovati su edifici come il Tempio di Atena Nike ad Atene . Mentre gli architetti non potevano produrre colonne perfettamente diritte , senza compromettere l'integrità strutturale , hanno aggirato questo utilizzando una tecnica chiamata " . Entasis " ; Questo ha comportato che incorpora un leggero , quasi impercettibile , rigonfiamento in ogni sezione della colonna , che ha dato l'illusione ottica della colonna sono rettilinei . Capitelli ionici erano più vistoso rispetto ai loro omologhi doriche e tipicamente inclusi coppie di spirale sculture che mimano le corna di un ariete .
Corinzio
La pratica di usare entasi per dare l'impressione di una colonna diritta è stato riportato in architettura corinzio . Questo stile di architettura era molto più ornato , come rappresentato dal capitello corinzio , che comprendeva sculture di fiori, foglie e rotoli di carta . I tetti degli edifici corinzie erano generalmente piatta , a differenza dei tetti inclinati di dorico e ionico edifici . Un esempio di un edificio originale corinzio è il Tempio della Sibilla a Roma .
Classical Revival
Tale era il fascino duraturo di antica architettura greca che ha catturato l'attenzione di - retrò cercando architetti europei e americani nel 19 ° secolo . Questi architetti , sgrassare la storia di ispirazione, ha iniziato la rinascita classica , che durò dal 1820 al 1860 Gli esempi di questa architettura includono Le Madeleine a Parigi , progettata da Pierre - Alexandre Vignon , e Cobourg di Edward Crane in Ontario . La rinascita classica ha portato a un miscuglio di stili , come gli architetti del 19 ° secolo , sostenuta dalle possibilità offerte loro dalla tecnologia migliorata e la costruzione di pratiche , riempito i loro disegni con una miscela di ionico , dorico e corinzio influenze .<|endoftext|>شهامت مثل خیلی از واژه ها بی معناست و تنها زمانی معنا پیدا می کند که از نزدیک آن را لمس کنی. از خودگذشتگی هم و شاید تا دیروز آتش نشان نیز! پرده اول! ۱. برای نسل ما که دوران جنگ و دفاع را از نزدیک لمس نکرده اند خیلی از این واژه ها تنها […]
تمامی اطلاعات محفوظ است!<|endoftext|>What is the best kind of RV? The kind that doesn’t smell like one. Never discount the importance of good air quality.
Indoor Pollutants Can Affect Your Health
Volatile Organic Compounds, often called VOCs, are gases emitted from certain substances or products that could be in a liquid or solid form. These and other pollutants can be 5-10 times greater indoors than those outdoors, largely because they are contained. But when the construction materials of your RV or another structure actually aid in the production of pollutants over time, the dangers can be far greater. Mold, mildew, and toxic chemicals, including formaldehyde, are examples of pollutants that accumulate in confined spaces with temperature fluctuations when moisture is present.
Formaldehyde is among the dangers present in RV’s and other structures made with plywood. It is a colorless gas, but certainly not odorless. It has a strong, putrid odor that, once you’ve smelled it, you won’t soon forget.
Formaldehyde has been classified as a carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Agency for Research and Cancer (IARC). By definition, a carcinogen is a substance that is capable of causing cancer.
More About Formaldehyde
Trace amounts of formaldehyde are common in nature and some everyday products. It’s more abundant in laminated products when used in the resin. Though better regulated than in the past, imported plywood can still be made with formaldehyde based adhesives – specifically urea formaldehyde. Decomposition of adhesives can occur when wood is exposed to water and temperature variations. As adhesives break down, elevated temperatures release the formaldehyde from the adhesive, a process known as hydrolose. When this occurs, the contamination of the air your family could be breathing is further compounded by the likelihood of mold or mildew growing on the wet wood.
When renovating an RV, or working to remove water damage and mold, take proper precautions and wear protective gear, including gloves and a respirator mask. In a video on our Testimonials page, a couple removed plywood that was stamped with a formaldehyde warning. Wood sheets used in today’s traditional construction still have these warnings. Demand better from your RV makers!
Did We Mention Mold?
Mold can cause allergic reactions in asthmatics. But anyone, with or without allergies, may experience irritation of the eyes, skin, nose, throat and lungs when exposed to airborne mold particles. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a common lung disease that includes bronchitis and emphysema, and the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Avoiding pollutants, including smoking, chemicals, mold, dust, and fumes are recommended by the American Lung Association to avoid exacerbation of symptoms.
Learn more about mold and the mold testing we’ve had performed.
RV’s and other structures that are not lived in year-round are often closed for weeks or months without ventilation. After leaks have occurred and mold growth and adhesive decomposition have begun, those units are particularly susceptible to more serious conditions with pollutants that can become airborne. Some of the common hazards are shown here, with those in red being particularly relevant in structures made with plywood and susceptible to water damage.
Smoke detectors help to protect people from smoke and fire. There are carbon monoxide detectors to protect us from the deadly odorless gas that we can’t see, and propane detectors to identify leaks that can put your family members at risk. These are common standards or options in most RV’s manufactured today. But how does one protect his or her family from volatile organic compounds and pollutants?
Read on to learn how to avoid these problems.
What can you do to protect your family from harmful pollutants?
Using a water-resistant composite material is one way to avoid all of the above problems, and is a common sense move that many manufacturers in the RV industry are already making. Families are demanding healthier alternatives in RV construction, and the industry is taking notice. Azdel Onboard composite sheets are a proven solution for these and other major issues that plague manufacturers and RV owners alike. There is no natural fiber decomposition, so the composite does not warp or rot and does not grow mold or mildew. Equally important, it does not release toxic chemicals into the air that you and your family breathe.
Considering an RV purchase? Learn more about which manufacturers use Azdel Onboard composite panels in their wall, ceiling and roof construction.
Download a PDF that lists RV manufacturers currently using Azdel composite panels, and visit manufacturers’ websites to find a dealership near you.
Ask your dealer representative which units have Azdel and look for our logo.<|endoftext|>1,628'e yakın arşivimizde videolar içinde "Steam" tagı içeren videolar gelmektedir. Sizler için en çok trend olan Steam videoları ile ilgili haberleri ve en çok izlenen içeriklerini, youtube videoları kodu koyarak daha çok kategoride olanları izleyerek haberdar olabilirsiniz. Aşağıdaki Steam etiketi "eklenme süresine" göre dizginlenmiştir. Steam ile ilgili "3" video aşağıdadır.<|endoftext|>Revised November 21, 2013
The Market is either based on barter or it is based on an exchange symbol. Today money is being used as the exchange symbol. Money is being used as the medium of exchange.
In the barter system, which is basic marketing, production is exchanged directly. It is exchanging production for production. The value of the exchanged commodities, trades, goods and services is established and defined in terms of products. An example would be 30 dozen eggs equals one coat, or one coat equals 30 dozen eggs. One gallon of milk could be defined in terms of having the value of 2 dozen eggs. Or it could be said that one television would have the value of 400 dozen eggs. We could define the value of all production in terms of eggs or milk or a standard television. Instead, we use the money symbol. The money symbol injected into the system acts as a medium. Money is a medium for value and energy transmission. All value of products and services is measured in money units.
In the Money Symbol Open Market System, the value of the exchanged produced commodities, trades, goods and services is established and defined in money units. The money units become packets of value. You can carry them in your pockets, wallet, or purses. You use these packets of value when purchasing commodities, trades, goods and services for your use and consumption. This is how paper and coin, called money, acquires its value.
In the Money Symbol Open Market System; the energy, generated by the Producer and used to create commodities, trades, goods and services is transferred into money units when exchanging commodities, trades, goods and services for the money units. Money units become packets of energy you carry on your person. These packets of energy are used to purchase commodities, trades, goods and services for your use and consumption. Money becomes packets of energy that is moved around and used to create more production
You can look at money units as packets of value and as packets of energy. You can look at money units as both value and energy packets. Money is a symbol that represents value of commodities, trades, goods and services and a symbol that represents energy that was created by the producer and used to create the commodities, trades, goods and services. Value, defined in money units, tells you how much your production
|
8,548 | 0 | 2 |
un'appendice nell'appendice.
Questo organo è più suscettibile alla formazione di vari tumori maligni e altre malattie, ognuna delle quali ha una sua morfologia.
Questo articolo fornisce informazioni sulla struttura del cieco, le sue funzioni e spiega perché i sintomi delle sue malattie differiscono dai segni di malattie di altri componenti dell'intestino.
Struttura del cieco
È da questo organo che parte l'appendice - l'appendice, la lunghezza può essere da 2 a 13 cm, il suo diametro di solito da 3 a 4 mm.
L'appendice circonda il colon, la sua estremità raggiunge il bacino più piccolo della persona. Il tessuto linfoide entra nella mucosa dell'appendice.
L'organo è ricoperto da una membrana sierosa e relativamente libero, fino a quando il peritoneo lo consente.
Ma ci sono casi in cui questa parte dell'intestino è fissata da pieghe e uno speciale tessuto connettivo.
In questo momento i chirurghi vengono spesso presi in considerazione, eseguendo varie operazioni. Di norma, le operazioni sul cieco non sono molto complicate e spesso le più facili.
L'organo ha anche una valvola ileocecale che separa il cieco e l'intestino tenue.
La morfologia dell'organo è quella di non restituire il cibo digerito nell'intestino tenue.
In un momento in cui il chimo non entra, la valvola è chiusa, ma quattro minuti dopo l'ingestione di cibo nello stomaco, si apre e lascia cibo nell'intestino crasso.
La mucosa ha piccole pieghe, assomigliano a valvole e sono costituite da fibre muscolari. Inoltre, la mucosa contiene rientranze tubolari - cripte intestinali.
L'organo partecipa alla digestione del cibo, il suo ruolo principale è l'assorbimento del chimo liquido.
L'appendice svolge la funzione di proteggere il corpo da particelle indesiderate. Questa appendice vermiforme ha un gran numero di forme vuote sotto forma di vescicole - un linfonodo che impedisce la penetrazione di particelle nocive nel corpo.
Inoltre, l'appendice produce i microrganismi e le cellule necessari che supportano l'equilibrio dell'intestino.
È dimostrato che dopo un'operazione per rimuovere un'appendice, l'intestino si ristabilisce più a lungo dopo una disbatteriosi.
Il luogo in cui si trova l'appendice dipende da come si trova la cupola. A seconda di ciò, l'appendice può trovarsi nella piccola pelvi o sotto, sotto il fegato.
L'appendice è parzialmente attaccata al muro solo nella zona della sua base, il resto si trova ovunque e ricorda nella sua posizione la lancetta delle ore - si trova lungo il diametro del cerchio.
Come molti sanno, questa appendice è molto problematica, perché può infiammare - allora si svilupperà l'appendicite.
La morfologia di qualsiasi malattia, vari tumori che possono avere un cieco, è diversa, ma ha anche punti comuni, tra cui il sanguinamento dal retto, gonfiore e vari disturbi delle feci.
Natura e caratteristiche delle malattie
L'organo è abbastanza largo di diametro, e con una malattia come l'oncologia del cieco, l'ostruzione o la stitichezza non possono essere in linea di principio.
Pertanto, i sintomi del ritardo della defecazione non possono essere considerati un segno della malattia, poiché le feci in questa parte dell'intestino non sono ferme.
Negli ultimi e penultimo stadi dello sviluppo del cancro, una persona solitamente perde il suo appetito e perde rapidamente peso.
Nelle prime fasi, i sintomi della malattia si manifestano nel fatto che una persona ha un mal di stomaco, dolori nella regione intestinale, vertigini, un'emorragia anteriore e un cambiamento nel colore delle feci.
Tuttavia, tutti questi sintomi possono manifestarsi a causa dello sviluppo di emorroidi. Pertanto, al fine di escludere queste o altre malattie, e anche per stabilire le ragioni esatte, effettuare una serie di studi aggiuntivi.
L'organo non è solo suscettibile alla formazione di un tumore maligno, ma anche a varie infiammazioni la cui morfologia è simile all'appendicite.
Di solito l'unica differenza è come si manifesta il dolore. Inoltre, la malattia è caratterizzata da un'ostruzione prolungata, frequente stitichezza, a causa della quale la microflora cambia nell'intestino, e non in meglio.
Se l'infiammazione è abbastanza forte, la malattia può andare nella parte esterna dell'intestino e negli organi vicini.
In genere, i sintomi di questa malattia si verificano dopo aver mangiato, una persona inizia il dolore nella parete addominale antero-laterale.
Man mano che l'infiammazione si sviluppa, il dolore diventa più forte da vari movimenti e cambiamenti nella posizione della persona. A volte i dolori sono concentrati nella regione lombare.
I sintomi si manifestano anche in nausea, gonfiore, eruttazione e appetito. Il cieco stesso in questi casi è molto mobile e gonfiato.
C'è un'altra malattia che si sviluppa direttamente nel cieco - questa è la formazione di un polipo.
Se una persona ha un polipo nel cieco, il paziente avverte dolore dolorante prolungato, probabilmente un gonfiore sul lato destro, e il cieco stesso diventa denso quando il medico sonda.
Come puoi vedere, la morfologia del tumore della poliposi è simile ai tumori nello stesso cieco.
Solitamente la diagnosi polipo in altre parti dell'intestino non è un problema, ma quando un polipo formata nel cieco, soprattutto nella cupola, è difficile da rilevare a causa del fatto che la cupola è più vicino al piccolo bacino persona.
Cause di questa malattia:
- costipazione regolare e altri disturbi delle feci;
- presenza di difetti congeniti dell'intestino e del cieco in particolare;
- prevalenza di alimenti nocivi nella dieta.
Malattie di Cecum
Il cieco è a rischio di cancro, non invano il 40% dell'oncologia a livello intestinale cade esattamente su quest'area del tratto gastrointestinale.
Come nel caso di altri tumori, il tumore del sangue si verifica in un tumore canceroso nelle feci. A questo proposito, può verificarsi anemia.
A tutte le persone che hanno anemia dovuta a cause inspiegabili, si raccomanda che siano controllate regolarmente da uno specialista.
Se una persona ha metastasi e la morfologia del tumore coincide con una formazione maligna, è più probabile che si formi ittero e compaiano sintomi caratteristici.
Di solito il trattamento del cieco in un tumore si verifica attraverso la chirurgia. Se un tale metodo di trattamento è impossibile, si utilizzano la chemioterapia e il trattamento laser.
La morfologia dell'educazione influenza la scelta del metodo. È necessario cambiare il tipo di tumore il più possibile e prolungare la vita del paziente.
Ma se chiedi aiuto in tempo, rimuovere il tumore dal cieco non sarà un grosso problema.
L'infiammazione del cieco è chiamata tiflite. A volte è confuso con appendicite a causa del fatto che i sintomi sono simili - un uomo si lamenta di dolori a destra.
Ma se l'appendice vermiforme (appendice) è infiammata, l'ingestione di cibo non influenza in alcun modo il carattere del dolore. Con il tifo, il dolore si verifica quando è passato un po 'di tempo da quando si mangia.
Altri sintomi di tiflite:
- nausea, vomito;
- diarrea;
- aumento della temperatura.
Tenendo conto dei sintomi di una persona, il medico dovrebbe escludere una particolare malattia, perché, come notato sopra, i medici a volte credono erroneamente che l'appendice si sia infiammata, sebbene l'infiammazione proceda direttamente nell'intestino.
Inoltre, sintomi simili possono verificarsi anche nelle malattie ginecologiche, quindi è molto importante escludere tutte le possibili malattie.
Se lo specialista determina che il cieco si è infiammato, e non l'appendice, l'operazione non viene eseguita. Il più spesso in tali casi, il paziente è messo su un contagocce, aggiustando il cibo.
Se l'intestino cieco è infiammato, la persona dovrebbe stare a letto, il modo di vivere mobile per qualche tempo è controindicato a lui.
Insieme all'introduzione di varie soluzioni e diete prescrivono antibiotici.
Sebbene la tiflite sia trattata in modo conservativo, questa malattia è piuttosto pericolosa, perché il processo infiammatorio può diffondersi ad altri tessuti che circondano l'intestino.
In questo caso, le operazioni non possono essere evitate.
Il cieco è la sezione iniziale dell'intestino crasso, che è una formazione sacciforme, che si trova sul fondo della valvola ileocecale.
La cupola libera del cieco è rivolta verso il bacino. In persone diverse, la lunghezza può variare da 3 a 8 cm, larghezza da 4 a 7 cm. Di norma, è coperta da tutti i lati dal peritoneo, tuttavia, potrebbe non avere una copertura peritoneale sul retro. Raramente ha un mesentere, che colpisce la sua mobilità patologica.
Processo simile al verme - appendice, che parte dalla cupola del cieco. La sua lunghezza varia da 2 a 13 cm, e il diametro è di circa 3 - 4 mm. Il processo si trova nella fossa ileale destra e si collega con il cieco e la parte terminale dell'ileo mediante il mesentere dell'appendice. Tuttavia, questa disposizione non è permanente, in alcune persone, l'appendice può trovarsi dietro il cieco, essere coperta con il peritoneo o in assenza della membrana sierosa, può essere extraperitoneale. L'estremità libera dell'appendice è diretta verso il basso e medialmente alla linea di confine, affondando nella piccola pelvi. È circondato su tutti i lati da nastri del colon. Nella sua mucosa c'è una grande quantità di tessuto linfoide.
In alcuni casi, la parete posteriore dell'intestino può essere coperta con una fascia del colon fornendo una fissazione densa con tessuto retroperitoneale e una fascia parietale. Questa anatomia crea difficoltà negli interventi chirurgici. Con il peritoneo parietale, il cieco è collegato con le pieghe del cieco.
Alla giunzione del cieco e dell'intestino tenue, si forma la papilla intestinale iliaca, che insieme ai tessuti muscolari forma un meccanismo antiflogico, il cui compito principale è quello di impedire che il cibo penetri nell'intestino tenue nell'intestino tenue.
Le caratteristiche dell'anatomia determinano in gran parte la varietà dei sintomi clinici del cancro. L'anatomia delle diverse parti del colon fornisce una base per il trattamento della clinica, la diagnosi e la terapia delle formazioni tenendo conto di tutte le caratteristiche strutturali.
funzioni
Il muro dell'intestino ha la stessa struttura delle pareti dell'intestino crasso. La mucosa ha pieghe minori che sono simili alle valvole e hanno una varietà di fibre muscolari, oltre a una singola piega. La membrana mucosa contiene le ghiandole Lieberkunov e le cellule caliciformi.
Il corpo prende parte alla digestione. La sua funzione principale è quella di succhiare il componente liquido del chimo. L'appendice ha funzioni più importanti: nel suo spessore ci sono molti follicoli che proteggono il corpo dagli agenti stranieri.
malattia
Nonostante le piccole dimensioni, è questo corpo che è soggetto a gravi malattie.
infiammazione
L'infiammazione dell'intestino o della tiflite è accompagnata da sintomi simili con appendicite. La differenza è solo nel verificarsi del dolore. Lo sviluppo della malattia contribuisce al lungo ristagno delle feci, che favorisce lo sviluppo della flora intestinale. La patologia si verifica quando l'infezione si moltiplica nel corso di malattie infettive acute. C'è anche la possibilità che l'infiammazione passi alla superficie del cieco dagli organi vicini con il sangue. L'infiammazione si verifica dopo poco tempo dopo aver mangiato il dolore nell'ileo. Il dolore si intensifica durante il movimento, con una posizione verticale o orizzontale prolungata, localizzata nella regione lombare. I pazienti presentano sintomi quali brontolio nell'addome, gonfiore, gonfiore, eruttazione, nausea, diarrea e diminuzione dell'appetito. Durante l'esacerbazione di pazienti con addome gonfio, la parte anteriore del peritoneo non è tesa, il cieco è doloroso, compatto, mobile e gonfiato.
Il trattamento della tiflite è di due tipi: sintomatico ed eziologico. Se il paziente ha un'infiammazione di natura infettiva, gli vengono indicati agenti antibatterici. Inoltre, al paziente viene prescritta una dieta rigorosa, un massaggio intestinale, procedure termali locali, con violazione della digestione, sono prescritti preparati enzimatici. Con un trattamento tempestivo, che viene nominato esclusivamente da un medico, la prognosi è abbastanza favorevole.
appendicite
A malattie infiammatorie includono appendicite. I sintomi dell'appendicite sono caratterizzati dal dolore, che è localizzato inizialmente nella regione epigastrica con ulteriore movimento nella regione iliaca destra. C'è tensione muscolare nella parete addominale destra. C'è anche nausea e vomito, un cambiamento nelle feci: stitichezza e diarrea. I pazienti si lamentano di febbre e debolezza generale.
Il trattamento dell'appendicite viene eseguito chirurgicamente. Il più importante è il ricovero tempestivo del paziente, poiché in pochi giorni l'appendice è piena di pus e si può sviluppare una peritonite.
Il cancro del cieco costituisce il 40% di tutte le altre formazioni intestinali. Il pericolo di questa patologia è che i sintomi della malattia nei primi pori non si manifestano. Il primo sintomo è di solito l'aspetto del sangue nelle feci. Questo porta all'anemia. L'aspetto del sangue viene osservato anche per una serie di motivi, pertanto i pazienti necessitano di un esame aggiuntivo per determinare la diagnosi esatta. Uno studio volto a individuare il cancro deve essere condotto a tutte le persone con anemia, se la causa della sua insorgenza non viene rivelata.
Nel cancro successivo, i pazienti lamentano sintomi come dolore nella regione iliaca destra, mancanza di appetito, disturbi digestivi, che portano all'esaurimento e alla perdita di peso. Con metastasi, si verifica ittero meccanico nel fegato, cachessia ed epatogemaly.
Nei tumori maligni del cieco, è richiesto un intervento chirurgico. Prima dell'operazione, il cieco viene esaminato attentamente per determinare l'entità dell'intervento chirurgico. Durante l'operazione, la parte interessata dell'intestino viene rimossa. Fondamentalmente, l'operazione non richiede l'uso della colostomia. Questa necessità sorge in situazioni estreme, se l'operazione viene eseguita nelle fasi avanzate della malattia, accompagnata da intense emorragie, così come ostruzione intestinale o perforazione dell'intestino. Durante l'operazione vengono rimossi i linfonodi che sono interessati dal processo tumorale e da altri tessuti molli.
Dopo l'intervento chirurgico, vengono eseguite radioterapia o chemioterapia per ridurre la ricorrenza della patologia. Se il trattamento radicale è impossibile per determinate ragioni, la chemioterapia viene prescritta per prolungare la vita del paziente e migliorarne la qualità.
Nei tumori maligni del cieco, il trattamento nelle prime fasi della malattia è più efficace, che nella maggior parte dei casi consente di ottenere una cura completa. Pertanto, quando si verificano i primi sintomi, è molto importante consultare un medico in modo tempestivo.
adenocarcinoma
L'adenocarcinoma nella cavità del cieco è la patologia più comune di tutti i tratti intestinali maligni. Nella zona a rischio ci sono persone che hanno raggiunto i 50-60 anni, ma la malattia può manifestarsi in giovane età. Lo sviluppo di adenocarcinoma è dovuto ai seguenti motivi:
- mantenimento inadeguato di prodotti di origine vegetale nella dieta con predominanza di farina e cibi grassi;
- predisposizione genetica;
- vecchiaia;
- lavorare con l'amianto;
- infezione da papillomavirus;
- l'influenza di componenti e farmaci chimici;
- lo stress;
- costipazione prolungata;
- polipi e colite del cieco, fistole croniche e tumori villosi.
L'adenocarcinoma può svilupparsi con diversi fattori contemporaneamente.
Il trattamento viene effettuato con metodi chirurgici, chemioterapia e radioterapia. Dopo un trattamento radicale, la durata della vita del 70% dei pazienti è di 5 anni o più. La sopravvivenza
|
8,548 | 0 | 3 |
ılık bulabildiğim türden biri, herhangi İnternet sitesi.
TVR Tasmin – daha sonra 280i olarak anılacaktır – bir TVR’ye ucuz bir yoldur. Hemmings detaylar hikayesi:
1980’de Belçika Otomobil Fuarı’nda lansmanı yapılan TVR’nin yeni Tasmin’i, el yapımı spor otomobil üreticisi İngiltere’deki Blackpool için geçmişten radikal bir kopuştu. Önceki modellerin yuvarlatıldığı keskin kenarlı ve köşeli ve yeni konfor seviyeleri ve çok yönlü performans sunan Tasmin, yeni bir on yıl için yeni bir TVR idi.
Önceki TVR’lerden bile daha fazla, Tasmin’de oldukça fazla Lotus tasarım felsefesi vardı ve şirket sahibi Martin Lilley’nin Hethel’deki rakibini düşündüğüne dair çok az şüphe var. Tasmin, eski Lotus mühendisi Ian Jones tarafından tasarlanan, sağlam omurgası elle yerleştirilmiş fiberglas gövdeyi desteklemek için payandaları taşıyan boru şeklindeki çelik bir şasi üzerinde ilerliyordu. Yeni arabaya güç sağlamak için TVR, Bosch yakıt enjeksiyonu ile donatılmış ve dört vitesli bir Ford ile eşleştirilmiş 160 beygir gücündeki Alman Ford “Köln” 2.8 litrelik V-6’yı seçti.
Bu da onu birlikte yaşaması kolay bir İngiliz spor otomobili yapıyor. Hemmings bunların 400-500’ünün Amerika’da olduğunu tahmin ediyor. Bu, satıcının 13 iddiasından çok daha fazlası, ancak yine de oldukça nadir.
Satıcının fiyatı da bunların sattığı daha yüksek uçta. bu dolar17.500 Des Plaines, Illinois’deki Facebook Marketplace’te 30.000 mil ile. Ve evet, sağlanan en iyi resim bu.
1999 Plymouth Prowler – 30.000 Dolar
Plymouth Prowler, bir neslin en havalı görünen arabalarından biridir. Ne yazık ki, pek çok meraklı için, dışını destekleyecek güce veya iç mekana sahip değildi. işte Prowler’ın hikayesiyoğunlaştırılmış:
Viper ile elde ettiği başarıdan sonra Chrysler, onu ikinci kez başarabileceğinden emindi, bu yüzden mühendislerine ve tasarımcılarına istediklerini tasarlamaları için yeşil ışık yaktı.
Sonuç, yarasa boku çılgın Plymouth Prowler oldu. Bunun arkasındaki fikir, 1930’ların Amerikan sıcak çubuklarını seven ve 1990’ların modern otomotiv dünyasında nasıl görüneceklerini hayal eden Chrysler’in o zamanki tasarım direktörü Thomas C. Gale’den geldi.
Hikaye, Gale’in sıcak çubuklu bir 1932 Ford’a sahip olduğu ve onu Prowler için bir tasarım kriteri olarak kullandığı yönünde. Ama aslında, Prowler’ın öldürücü görünümünü tamamlayan ünlü Amerikan hot rod tasarım uzmanı Chip Foose oldu.
Dolayısıyla Prowler’ın görevi bu algıyı değiştirmekti. Bununla Chrysler, tüm dünyaya heyecan verici otomobillerin nasıl üretileceğini hala bildiğini gösterecekti.
Ama sonra, gerçek para sıkıntısı çeken Chrysler’i sert vurdu: Sınırlı üretim Prowler’ın mümkün olduğunca uygun maliyetli olması gerekiyordu, yani üretime yeşil ışık yakılmasının tek yolu mevcut Chrysler bileşenlerini kullanmaktı.
253 HP, 255 lb-ft torklu 3.5 litrelik “sedan” V6’nın bu şeye güç vermesi umurumda değil, hala seviyorum. Hala bir Porsche 911’den daha hafif ve 60 mph’ye altı saniyelik bir sürat fena değil. Her gün bu şeyi yapardım!
Önünüzdeki Prowler stokta, alevler dışında. Ayrıca 13.000 km’dedir. bu dolar30.000 veya Lee’s Summit, Missouri’deki Facebook Marketplace’teki en iyi teklif. Satılık Obscure Cars’ın izniyle.
1976 BMW 2002 – 27.900 dolar
İşte şimdiye kadar tanıttığım en güzel (ve en pahalı) BMW 2002!
2002, spor salonlarının eskiden nasıl olduğuna dair bir örnek olarak meraklılar tarafından saygı görüyor. Çok güzel görünen bir araba yüzünü güldürür tonlarca güç olmadan.
Bunun New Mexico’dan geldiği söyleniyor. Orijinal renginde yeniden boyandı ve motoru yeniden inşa edildi. Orijinal iç mekan iyi görünüyor ve her şeyin çalışır durumda olduğu söyleniyor.
bu dolar27.900 Morrisville, Kuzey Karolina’daki EuroSpeC Cars LLC’de.
1937 Uluslararası Harvester D-30 İtfaiye Aracı – 15.000 Dolar
1930’lardan kalma bu itfaiye aracı, Amerika’nın karlı ve tuzlu Midwest bölgesinde ikamet etmesine rağmen harika bir şekle sahip görünüyor.
1937’de piyasaya sürülen D Serisi, geniş çelik kabinlere ve görünürlük için büyük pencerelere sahipti. Bir pikaptan bu D-30 itfaiye aracı gibi daha büyük, daha ağır hizmet uygulamalarına kadar birçok boyutta mevcuttu. D-30, 1,5 ton olarak derecelendirilmiştir ve kaputun altında 3,8 litre altı 81 HP ve 170 lb-ft tork üretiyor.
Görünüşe göre bu kamyon, motor yeniden yapılmadan ve tamirci kafa contasını takmayı unutmadan önce bir geçit töreni kamyonuydu. Ne yazık ki, henüz Bluetooth kafa contası yok, bu yüzden bir tane takmanız gerekecek. bu dolar15.000 Hastings, Minnesota’daki Facebook Marketplace’te.
Facebook Marketplace veya Craigslist’te satılık tuhaf bir araba biliyorsanız, yorumlara bırakın veya bir e-postayla gönderin! Araç hala satılıksa bir sonraki gönderide paylaşabilirim.
Kaynak : https://jalopnik.com/plymouth-prowler-volvo-1800s-volkswagen-412-wagon-th-1848704516<|endoftext|>اینفینیتی شرکت اتومبیل سازی است که زیر مجموعهٔ شرکت عظیم نیسان میباشد که به عنوان قسمت تولیدات لوکس این شرکت در شمال امریکا به وجود آمد. اینفینیتی در سطح اتومبیلهای نیمه لوکس و لوکس طبقه بندی میشود در حالی که محصولات عادیِ نیسان جزو طبقهٔ اسپرت و سِدان هستند.
http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C<|endoftext|>به گزارش خبرنگار خبرگزاری شبستان از گلپایگان، «بهمن نکویی» در نشست خبری به متوسط بارندگی سالیانه شهرستان و کشور اشاره کرد که یک سوم بارندگی منطقه است و گفت: آب های زیر زمینی شهرستان گلپایگان سالیانه به طور متوسط با برداشت بیش از ۲۵ میلیون مترمکعب از مخزن، ۱۱۰ سانتی متر افت می کند و بارندگی های سال گذشته تنها توانست این روند را برای یک سال متوقف کند ولی توانایی جبران ۳۰ سال برداشت بی رویه را ندارد.
مدیر منابع آب منطقه ای گلپایگان با تاکید بر صرفه جویی در شرب، صنعت و کشاورزی در شهرستان تشریح کرد: روند افت آب های زیر زمینی در شهرستان از سال ۸۵ تا ۹۰ روند مثبت بود ولی از سال ۹۰ تا کنون با شیب بسیار تند، ارتفاع آب های زیر زمینی پایین رفته است و شهرستان گلپایگان که از سال ۷۰ تا ۹۷ منطقه ممنوعه معرفی می شد، اکنون به منطقه ممنوعه بحرانی تبدیل شده است و دیگر تفاوتی با کاشان و آران و بیدگل ندارد.
وی دلیل فرو نشست زمین در گلشهر را برداشت بی رویه آب از منابع زیر زمینی عنوان کرد و افزود: راهکار توقف این نشست زمین، طرح احیا و تعادل بخشی است که به معنای کنترل ورودی و خروجی آب ها به زمین است و با توجه به وضع بحرانی شهرستان، مصارف و کف شکنی ها محدود و چاه های غیر مجاز پر خواهد شد.
نکویی به گستره کاری این اداره اشاره کرد و با بیان اینکه مسئولیت پنج رودخانه در شهرستان مانند کهن رود و رودخانه خشک را بر عهده دارد، از نقشه برداری حدود ۲۰۰ کیلومتر حریم رودخانه های شهرستان خبر داد و تاکید کرد: این نقشه برداری به تایید وزارت نیرو رسیده است و با هر گونه تصرفی به صورت موردی برخورد خواهد شد و عوامل فیلم برداری سریال مولانا تعهد محضری برای تخریب دکور پس از ساخت سریال داده بودند ولی به این تعهد عمل نکردند و چون در حریم رودخانه بود، آب منطقه ای وارد شد و آن را تخریب کرد و در سال جاری دبی آب رودخانه به ۳۰ متر مکعب رسید که اگر آن دکور همچنان پا برجا بود، برای منطقه خطر داشت.
کلنگ نیروگاه برق آبی، دوماه دیگر ...
مدیر منابع آب منطقه ای گلپایگان با تاکید براینکه قنات سفالیزن هیچ ارتباطی با آب های زیر زمینی ندارد، تشریح کرد: سطح آب های زیر زمینی شهرستان گلپایگان ۸۰ متر است و سطح آب مادر چاه قنات سفالیزن ۴۰ متر است و لذا ارتباطی با عمق آب های زیر زمینی ندارد و اگر آبی از آن جاری است به دلیل آب سطحی منطقه و بارندگی های سال جاری است که به صورت زهاب خارج می شود و شرط فعال شدن قنات ها به صورت واقعی تغزیه سفره های آب زیر زمینی و بالا آمدن سطح آن است.
وی با اشاره به تلاش های فراوانی که برای افزایش حقابه صورت گرفته، از طرح بازنگری مجدد در حقابه کل رودخانه قم رود یا انار بار از سرشاخه های دز تا سد ۱۵ خرداد توسط وزارت نیرو خبر داد که در حال انجام است و گفت: خوانسار نیز مانند شهرستان گلپایگان از محل انتقال آب، حقابه دارد و اکنون آب آنها از محل تونل تامین می شود ولی به دلیل نوسانات آن، با تایید وزارت نیرو، سهم حقابه آنها از محل دریاچه صورت خواهد گرفت و پس از اتمام مراحل عمرانی آن، پمپاژ آب از تونل خاموش خواهد شد و خوانسار به طور مستقیم از محل دریاچه سد آب برداشت می کند.
نکویی در خصوص طرح نیروگاه برق آبی که قرار است بر روی سد گلپایگان احداث شود، بیان کرد: این طرح به شرکت آب نیرو واگذار شده و در مرحله یافتن پیمانکار است و اگر مشکلی پیش نیاید حداقل در دو ماه آینده کلنگ زنی خواهد شد./<|endoftext|>معجزه ژنو با حذف ناباورانه چک
تیم فوتبال جمهوری چک در حالی که آماده می شد تا حضور در مرحله یک چهارم نهایی رقابت های یورو 2008 را جشن بگیرد، ناگهان در عرض 14 دقیقه سه گل دریافت کرد تا شکست تلخی را مقابل ترکیه متحمل شود.
به نقل از مهر، تیم های ملی فوتبال جمهوری چک و ترکیه یکشنبه شب در گروه A رقابت های یورو 2008 پیش چشم 30 هزار تماشاگر در ورزشگاه "استادو ژنو" به میدان رفتند که در پایان تیم فوتبال ترکیه موفق شد با برتری 3 بر 2 مقابل حریف نامدار خود به مرحله یک چهارم نهایی رقابت ها صعود کند.
چک در دقیقه 34 این دیدار توسط یان کولر به برتری رسید و نیمه نخست را با همین نتیجه به پایان برد. ترکیه نیمه دوم را بهتر آغاز کرد و حملات پردامنه ای را بر روی دروازه چک ترتیب داد اما این چک بود که بار دیگر و این بار توسط یاروسلاو پلاسیل در دقیقه 62 به گل رسید.
ترکیه که همه چیز را از دست رفته می دید از این لحظه روی به بازی احساسی آورد و موفق شد در دقیقه 75 توسط آردا توران به نخستین گل خود دست پیدا کند. آنها پس از این گل، روحیه بیشتری برای به تساوی کشاندن بازی از خود نشان دادند و این اتفاق در دقیقه 87 روی داد. در این لحظه پتر چک با اشتباهی فاحش نتوانست توپ ارسالی بازیکن ترکیه را مهار کند و نیهات قهوچی، با جاگیری مناسب، گل تساوی را وارد دروازه چک کرد.
چک از این لحظه به طور کامل روحیه خود را از دست داد و قهوه چی با گلی که دو دقیقه بعد بر اثر تعلل خط دفاعی چک، به شکلی استثنایی وارد دروازه این تیم کرد تا معجزه ژنو را بت حذف ناباورانه چک کامل تر کند.
پیتر فرویدفلت، داور سوئدی این دیدار، در دقیقه 90 دمیرل، دروازه بان ترکیه را به دلیل خطای بدون توپ بر روی کولر از زمین اخراج کرد و ترکیه واپسیین لحظات بازی را با یک یار کمتر ادامه داد اما در نهایت به مرحله یک چهارم نهایی صعود کرد .
قهوه چی با دو گلی که وارد دروازه چک کرد به عنوان مرد برتر میدان هم انتخاب شد و پس از بازی به رسانه ها گفت: اشتباه است اگر بگویید ما برای بازگشت از بازی 2 بر صفر باخته کاری انجام ندادیم. ترکیه تا پایان بازی جنگید و در نهایت به آنچه می خواست رسید.
تیم ملی فوتبال ترکیه جمعه در مرحله یک چهارم نهایی مسابقات فوتبال یورو 2008 با تیم فوتبال کرواسی دیدار می کند.
فاتـح تریم: هرگز ناامید نشده بودیم
سرمربی تیم ملی تركیه در پایان دیدار برابر چك از بازگشت باور نكردنی بازیكنانش به بازی و البته رقابتها ابراز خوشنودی كرد و گفت كه هرگز ناامید نشده بود.
به نقل از ایسنا، فاتح تریم پس از پیروزی رویایی تیمش برابر چک در جمع خبرنگاران گفت: به راهیابی تیم به مرحله یك چهارم نهایی جام ملتهای اروپا ایمان داشتم.
وی همچنین افزود: فرقی نمیكرد بازی را دو بر صفر یا چهار بر صفر ببازیم. از همین رو باید كاری میكردیم. حتی هنگامی كه با حریف مساوی هم شدیم، همه به پنالتی فكر میكردند اما من به تیمم گفتم كه ما هنوز هم میتوانیم گل سوم را به ثمر برسانیم.
سرمربی تیم فوتبال ترکیه ادامه داد: بازی را خوب شروع نكردیم و به راحتی تحت فشار حریف قرار گرفتیم. نتوانستیم بهتر بازی كنیم. تیم ملی چك در نیمه نخست از ما بهتر بود. حتی زمانی كه همه چیز برعلیه ما بود، سعی كردیم كاری ناشدنی را صورت دهیم. هرگز امیدمان را از دست ندادیم در نیمه دوم عملكردمان بسیار خوب بود. بسیار احساس غرور میكنم كه یازده بازیكن این چنینی را دارم كه هرگز كوتاه نمیآیند و از بازی دست نمیكشند تا زمانی كه سوت پایان به صدا درآید.
وی خاطرنشان کرد: به دنیا نشان دادیم كه چه توانی داریم و تا پایان میخواهیم اینگونه بازی كنیم. اینكه ما به خودمان باورداریم، مهمترین چیز برای ماست. بازیكنان محروم و آسیب دیدهای برای بازی مرحله یك چهارم نهایی داریم اما، با این حال جانشینان خوبی هم در اختیار داریم.
تریم در پایان در پایان گفت: در بازی بعد امیدوارانه بازی خواهیم كرد. آن گونه كه ما در پایان بازی برابر چك نشان دادیم. كرواسی حریف بعدی ما تیم بسیار خوبی است و آنها توانستهاند آلمان را شكست دهند با این حال ما هم تیم خوبی هستیم و روز به روز بهتر میشویم. به وین خواهیم رفت تا امیدوارانه تا 29 ژوئن (فینال) در آنجا اقامت داشته باشیم.
بروكنر: باید مقاومت میكردیم
برای شاگردان "كارل بروكنر" كه تا پانزده دقیقه پیش از پایان بازی دو بر صفر از حریف خود پیش بودند و تنها سه دقیقه مانده به پایان بازی همه چیز را از دست دادند، گل دوم نیهات قهوهچی پیامآور شكست و حذف تلخ از رقابتهای جام ملتهای اروپا در اتریش و سوئیس بود.
به نقل از ایسنا، برای "بروكنر" فراموش كردن رخدادهای تلخ بازی برابر تركیه، زمان زیادی خواهد برد. سرمربی كهنسال تیم ملی چك در پایان دیدار برابر تركیه كه با شكست و حذف تیمش از یورو 2008 همراه بود، گفت: از شروع بازی كوشیدیم برنده بازی باشیم و از تمام سطح زمین استفاده بردیم. در پایان بازی ما البته بهترین فرصتمان را از دست دادیم. ایمان دارم ما در نیمه نخست به خوبی دفاع كردیم وخط دفاعیمان بسیار مطمئن ایستادگی كرد.
وی ادامه داد: در شروع نیمه دوم در مرحلهای از بازی كه تركیه فشار زیادی روی دروازه ما وارد كرد، ما به زحمت افتادیم اما، از آن مرحله هم سربلند بیرون آمدیم و سپس دوباره بازی را به خوبی اداره كردیم.
سرمربی تیم فوتبال چک در بخش دیگری از سخنانش در نشست مطبوعاتی پایان بازی اظهار داشت: برگ برنده آن بود كه ما توپ را در اختیار داشتیم و همین گونه بود كه به گل دوم هم دست یافتیم. سپس از ادامه ما موقعیتهای بسیاری داشتیم كه نتوانستیم از آنها استفاده كنیم. در پایان ما از پس دور كردن توپ از محوطه جریمه خودمان برنیامدیم و در چنین سطحی چنین چیزی تاوان سختی دارد.
وی افزود: در پانزده دقیقه پایانی بازی ما بازی را واگذار كردیم. تركیه گل اولش را به ثمر رساند سپس از یك اشتباه ما به گل دوم خود رسید و در ادامه در میان ناامیدی محض ما گل سوم را هم به ثمر رساندند. زمانی كه ما از آنها جلو بودیم روشن بود كه تحت فشار قرار خواهیم گرفت اما، باید میتوانستیم مقاومت كنیم.
بروكنر در پایان گفت: نباید تسلیم فشار میشدیم اما، اینگونه نشد. زمان زیادی طول خواهد كشید تا
|
8,548 | 1 | 0 |
(PLD) for specific applications, on compound materials preparation and their diagnostics. Advancements developed at LATA include the faster and cost-effective production of multi-layered thin film structures with tailored properties, suitable for the optoelectronics industry. Latest applications of this activity include :
(a) the growth of transparent conductive oxides (TCO) for the thin films photovoltaic industry.
(b) the growth and testing of electro-chemical sensors for hydrogen and other toxic gases.
last update: 15-7-2017<|endoftext|>By Femi Aribisala
Arugbo ojo. (Ancient of Days). Alewilese (He who speaks and acts). Alese lewi (He who acts and speaks). Awimayehun (He who cannot be contradicted). Adanimagbagbe (The Creator who never forgets His creation). Oyigiyigi (Great and Mighty God). Alagbada Ina (The God covered with fire).
Afunni ma s’iregun (The God who blesses without asking for a reward). Alagbawi eda (defender of mankind). Olowogbogboro (The one whose hand can reach everywhere). Ajasegun (The Conqueror). Oba t’ao ri, sugbon t’a ri ise owo re (The God who is unseen, but whose works are evident).
Atererekariaye (The God who covers the whole earth). Onise iyanu (Miracle worker). Atofarati (Our defense). Atorise (The God who can do it). Awamaridi (Unsearchable God). Ologojulo (The most glorious). Emi ni t’inje Emi ni (The I AM THAT I AM).
We confess Lord, that our sins are deeper than scarlet, but You can make them white as snow. Even though they are red like crimson, we plead that You make them as wool.
Our words and our deeds are against the Lord, defying His glorious presence. The look on our faces testifies against us. We parade our sins like Sodom; we do not even hide them.
We are in trouble and distress. We have brought disaster upon ourselves. Our leaders and governors lead us astray; they turn us from the path of life. We have ruined the vineyard of the Lord. The plunder from the poor is in our houses.
O Lord, our God, wash away the filth of our people. Cleanse the bloodstains.
We have raped innocent women. We have bombed the blameless. We have kidnaped the defenseless. We have oppressed the poor. We have ignored the fatherless. We have not fed the hungry.
We have not cared for the Lazarus at our gate. We have robbed the traveler. We have looted our treasuries. We have despised our birthright.
We have only yielded bad grapes in the Lord’s vineyard. We have drawn sin along with cords of deceit. We pulled wickedness as with cart ropes.
We call evil good and good evil. We put darkness for light and light for darkness. We put bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter. We have been wise in our own eyes and clever in our own sight.
Our judges have acquitted the guilty for a bribe. They have denied justice to the innocent. We have rejected the law of the Lord Almighty. We have spurned the word of the Holy One of Israel.
Our pastors and prophets teach lies. Our politicians have led us astray. Our leaders make unjust laws and issue oppressive decrees. They deprive the poor of their rights and withhold justice from the oppressed. They make widows their prey and rob the fatherless.
You, O God, asked for justice but saw bloodshed. You called for righteousness but heard cries of distress.
We are like an oak with fading leaves, we are like a garden without water. The mountains are shaking all around us, and the dead bodies are becoming like refuse in the streets. Therefore, the grave has enlarged its appetite. It has opened its mouth without limit.
Our cities lie in ruins and without inhabitants. Our houses are left deserted. Our fields are ruined and ravaged. The Lord has sent everyone far away and the land is utterly forsaken.
Distressed and hungry, people all over Nigeria are roaming through the land; some are famished and are becoming enraged and, looking upward, they curse their leaders and their God. They look toward the earth and see only distress and darkness and fearful gloom, and they are thrust into utter darkness.
As in the day of Midian’s defeat, so it has been in these days of our distress. You will shatter the yoke that burdens us, the bar across our shoulders, the rod of our oppressor.
The Light of Israel has become a fire, our Holy One a flame; and in a single day it has burnt and consumed his thorns and his briers.
The lofty trees have been felled, and the tall ones have been brought low. Our God has cut down the forest thickets with an ax.
Nevertheless, we are looking for that day when the wolf will live with the lamb, the leopard will lie down with the goat, the calf and the lion and the yearling together; and a little child will lead them.
We know the Lord will bring it about when the cow will feed with the bear, their young will lie down together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox.
The infant will play near the hole of the cobra, and the young child will put his hand into the viper’s nest.
We know that they will neither harm nor destroy on all God’s holy mountain, for the earth will be full of the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea.
Sokoto trembles; Zamfara flees. Cry out, O Daughter of Nigeria!
Listen, Lagos! Poor Owerri! Maiduguri is in flight; the people of Iwo take cover.
Help us, Lord, to beat our swords into plowshares and our spears into pruning hooks. Restore us, O Lord. Renew us, O Lord. Give us fresh hope and new beginnings, O Lord. Restore our judges, our politicians, our governors, our councilors, and our leaders. Make us the city of righteousness, the faithful city, according to your promise O Lord.
Redeem us with justice. Redeem our penitent ones with righteousness. Let nation not take up sword against nation anymore. Let us stop building up our armories and stop training for war.
O Lord, cause us to walk in the light of the Lord. Let the eyes of the arrogant man be humbled. Let the pride of men be brought low. Let the Lord alone be exalted.
For the day of the Lord of hosts shall come upon everything proud and lofty, upon everything lifted up and it shall be brought low. Upon all the irokos of Nigeria that are high and lifted up. Upon all the high mountains, and upon all the hills that are lifted up, Upon every high tower, and upon every fortified wall.
The Lord says to us with His strong hand upon us, warning us not to follow the way of these people. He says: “Do not call conspiracy everything that these people call conspiracy. Do not fear what they fear, and do not dread what they dread.”
The Lord Almighty is the one we are to regard as holy. He is the one we are to fear: He is the one we are to dread.
We will wait. We will wait for the Lord, who is hiding his face from the house of Jacob. We will put our trust in him.
Here we are, and the children the Lord has given us. We are signs and symbols in Nigeria, in West Africa, in Africa from the Lord Almighty, who dwells on Mount Zion.
For to us a Child is born, to us a Son is given, and the government is on His shoulders. And He is called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.
Of the increase of His government and peace there will be no end. He will reign on David’s throne and over His kingdom, establishing and upholding it with justice and righteousness for forever.
The zeal of the Lord Almighty has accomplished this.<|endoftext|>德国禁止儿童手表,,在中共一大会址迎国庆：听“00后”讲建党故事
种孤网上海10月1日电 (周卓傲 郑莹莹 缓明睿)新止您建立70周年之际 ， 天处上海的止牟一年夜会址留念馆1日迎去一批特别的解说员去自江浙沪三天种埂教的“00后” 。
12岁的上外洋国语年夜教苏河湾尝试肿恣门生王怅然正在现场解说了止牟第一个党《共产党》创建的故事 ： 老渔阳里2号 ， 本是冶没有起眼的私家室第 ， 但正在1920年11月7日 ， 那幢屋子有了一个新的身份《共产党》月刊编纂部 。 那份刊物是上海共产党晚期构造兴办的实际构造刊物 ， 那份刊物第一次正在止您年夜天沙瞒起“共产党”的年夜旗 。“00后”正在止牟一年夜会址留念馆为不雅寡解说 周卓傲 摄
王怅然背不雅寡引见 ， 从1920年11月7日丛盈 ， 到1921年7月复刊 ， 《共产党》月刊共出书6期 ， 最多发止量到达5000份 。 因为它的指引 ， 有数热血青年投进到了大张旗鼓的共产主义奇迹中 ， 它供给的贵重肉体财产战实际兵器 ， 为党的筹建起到了不成低购媚感化 。
10岁的金茹轩去自上海市宝山区尝试小教 ， 她解说了止牟一年夜会址留念馆展厅中一台挨字机的故事 。 她背各人引见 ， 那台挨字机是止您平易近主反动先止者孙中山师长教师的秘书吴强男从英国购置 ， 厥后展转离开止牟次要开创人之一的李年夜钊的脚中 。
“为了便于展开反动事情 ， 李年夜钊背吴强男借用那台挨字机少达一个月之暂 。 夜深人静的时分 ， 李年夜钊正在屋里暗暗天翻开脚提箱 。 一有仇敌去了 ， 他便疾速天封闭脚提箱 ， 将挨印的奥秘文件销毁 。 正在一个月中李年夜钊挨印出很多党的奥秘文件 ， 并取共产国际战苏联驻华代表停止了亲近联络 。 ”金茹轩道 。
为了留念李年夜钊 ， 吴强男正在新止您建立后把那台挨字机募捐给止牟一年夜会址留念馆 。 那台挨字机现在便悄悄天陈设正在止牟一年夜会址留念馆的┞饭厅中 。门生观光止牟一年夜会址留念馆 郑莹莹 摄
为什么念去止牟一年夜会址留念馆当解说员？上外洋国语年夜教嘉定本国语黉舍13岁的潘梦婕见告 ， 其时黉舍构造观光一年夜会址留念馆的时分 ， 本身便被止您共产灯酐行的故事深深天吸收住了 ， 为此 ， 她征询馆内的事情职员 ， 并上彀汇集材料 ， 终极有裂旁祭阅解说故事 。
走正在止牟一年夜会址留念馆两层展馆内 ， 有大批图文 、 雕塑 、 文物报告止您共产党降生的故事 。
止牟一年夜会址留念馆副馆少缓明引见 ， 止牟一年夜会址留念馆曾经建馆67年了 ， 馆躲了逾12万件套贵重的反动文物 ， 它便是来说述止您共产党创立战降生如许冶故事 ， “我们来发掘建党期间的汗青史撩堍文物 ， 来说述好那个故事 。 一年夜召开的汗青布景是甚么？为何道止您共产党的降生是汗青狄住择 ， 是群众狄住择？那内里包含了甚么样的汗青逻辑？那些皆是我们勤奋来解读的 。 ”
缓明道 ， 畴前年起头 ， 止牟一年夜会址留念馆的不雅寡欢迎量显现井喷式增加 ， 客岁欢迎凉远150万(人次)国内表面寡 ， “日常平凡不雅寡中有很多青少年 ， 皆是到那里听解说员解说 。 此次为了更好天让公家领会那段汗青 ， 展馆构造凉浙沪等天的种埂门生 ， 让他玫邻教师的指点上去报告建党故事 ， 正在没有违犯史真的状况下 ， 阐扬他们本身的缔造力 ， 让他们从听故事的人酿成讲故事的人 。 ”
现场的一位家少攀攀磊道 ， “经由过程小伴侣的言语 ， 能够战同龄裙解那些汗青 ， 能够比起专业的解说重生动 ， 也更便利小伴侣了解 ， 是一种十分好的解说体例 。 ”
一样带兹釉己孩子去留念馆的市平易近缈砣死也暗示 ， 小伴侣的解说角度新奇 ， 故手尾更风趣 ， 让年夜人也教到很多常识 。 他道 ， 恰遇新止您建立70周年 ， 带孩子去那里感触感染一下 ， “让孩子领会反动前辈支出了几血汗 ， 才有了我们如今幸运的糊口 。 ”(完)<|endoftext|>Seleziona un'opzione
Un ex detenuto Ŕ deciso a vendicare la morte del fratello, avvenuta durante la rapina che ha portato alla sua incarcerazione. Ma sulle sue tracce si sono giÓ messi un irreprensibile agente di polizia e un giovane sicario dal grilletto facile.
|Voto Visitatori:||5,70 / 10 (54 voti)||Grafico|
in sala
archivio<|endoftext|>Join live or receive a link to the recording and earn a CE certificate
- This event has passed.
Recognize, Respond, Report: Preventing and Addressing Bullying of Students with Special Needs
Thursday, March 31, 2016 @ 3:00 pm - 4:00 pm EDT
Presented by Dr. Lori Ernsperger, Ph.D., BCBA-D, Executive Director of Behavioral Training Resource Center
Sponsored by Brookes Publishing
Within 24 hours after the live event, a CE certificate is emailed to live attendees who logged in online with their email address. To get your CE certificate for logging in live by phone, or for watching the recording, join the Teaching All Students: Practical Strategies for Inclusive Classrooms community and go to the Webinar Archives folder to take the CE quiz. As a member of the community, you’ll also have access to additional resources and online discussions.
The prevalence of bullying in schools is roughly one in four students and can occur twice as often for students with special needs.
Bullying was once a silent epidemic which was endured by millions of children on a daily basis. Today, bullying in schools is being recognized as a public safety issue. Due to their vulnerability, students with disabilities require written goals and direct instruction for addressing a bullying incident. For example, students must be taught assertive body language that can minimize and de-escalate a potential bullying situation.
In this webinar, Dr. Lori Ernsperger provided up-to-date research and specific evidence-based interventions in order for all school professionals to create a safe educational environment and follow the legal requirements set out by the federal government on bullying and disability-based harassment. This recorded webinar provides immediate and effective interventions to prevent bullying that can be implemented across grade levels and settings.
- Recognizing the prevalence rate of bullying for students with special needs
- Recognizing the long term impact of bullying
- Responding with school-wide interventions
- Emphasizing bystander education programs
- Teaching all staff to intervene to bullying incidents
- Teaching appropriate social communication skills
- Reviewing Federal and State laws for identifying and reporting disability-based harassment
This recorded webinar will be useful for both general and special education teachers who work with children with special needs. In addition, school administrators and special education supervisors who provide staff training will benefit from the presentation. Learn how to empower school personnel to prevent bullying of students with disabilities and ultimately minimize the harm.
Dr. Lori Ernsperger is an international speaker and Executive Director of Behavioral Training Resource Center, LLC. Dr. Ernsperger received her Ph.D. in Special Education and is a board certified behavior analyst (BCBA-D). She has over 30 years of experience working in the public schools as a classroom teacher, administrator, and educational consultant. She is the author of: Keys to Success for Teaching Students with Autism, Just Take a Bite: Easy Effective Answers to Food Aversions and Eating Challenges, Girls Under the Umbrella of Autism Spectrum Disorders, and Recognize, Respond, Report: Preventing and Addressing Bullying of Students with Special Needs. Follow her on Twitter @drlorierns.
Founded in 1978, Brookes is an independent, highly respected educational publishing company with a strong focus on helping all people—with and without disabilities—reach their potential. We publish 50+ new titles a year on screening and assessment, early intervention, inclusive and special education, autism and other disabilities, literacy, behavior, communication, and more.<|endoftext|>In an ideal inviscid, incompressible flow, we have, by conservation of energy,
This basic energy conservation law was published in 1738 by Daniel Bernoulli in his classic work Hydrodynamica.
From §B.7.3, we have that the pressure of a gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the molecules making up the gas. Therefore, when a gas flows at a constant height , some of its ``pressure kinetic energy'' must be given to the kinetic energy of the flow as a whole. If the mean height of the flow changes, then kinetic energy trades with potential energy as well.
Pressure is Confined Kinetic Energy<|endoftext|>陈律师
手 机：13888888888
微 信： weixin888
律 所：广东某某律师事务所
地 址：广东省广州市番禺经济开发区
时间：2019-07-17
瑞典开发商Fatshark透露了续集Warhammer的第一个游戏画面
|
8,548 | 1 | 1 |
派他出国留学，所以怎么做传统行业的生意，他的小孩根本没学到。
比如说王健林，王健林是做文化旅游、商业房地产出身，他曾经说过一句特别有名的话，叫做清华、北大，不如胆子大。
他们那个年代，敢下海创业，瞄准的又是方兴未艾的地产行业，胆子大、敢干、遇到风口，加上一点点运气，就做成了。
但是我想王健林是不想让王思聪接班的，如果想让王思聪接班，他不会早早送他去留学，读的还是跟商业没什么太大关系的哲学专业。
如果想在中国做房地产行业，就在国内读书，在国内摸爬滚打，把国内这一套做生意的套路搞清楚就行了，如果你要搞互联网，那你可以去出国留学。
王思聪是很小就出去留学，小学是在新加坡读的，中学在英国读的，大学学的是跟做生意不怎么沾边的哲学专业。
回来以后他做的事情跟房地产也没什么关系，都是什么电竞、网络数码这一块的事情，他现在在万达也不担任任何职务，以前还担任万达的董事，但是不负责任何事务，现在是连董事都辞I.
你说王健林有什么家学传给他吗?我估计没有，不能说没有吧，应该说很少很少，陪他的时间都很少，两个人的个性和为人处世的风格也完全不一样。
王健林是比较低调、稳重的处世风格，王思聪是那种看谁不爽就要怼的性格，很难看出家学的传承。
有些家庭虽然条件好，他出于不想让孩子走自己的老路，还有的是出于对孩子的保护和溺爱，也是没有家学传承的。
就像刚才讲的成龙、张国立的小孩，都出过事，如果非说他们有什么传承，那就是基因的传承，基因那是遗传学的范畴，谈不上什么家学。
四、什么是真正的家学?
有人认为，所谓家学，不就是让小孩读一读《弟子规》，学一学《论语》，读一读《曾国藩家书》，读一读我前面讲的《颜氏家训》。
其实不是的，这些都是写在书里的东西，你的小孩可以读，别人家的小孩也可以读。
到底什么是真正的家学呢，我说两个重要的概念:
第一，家学是秘而不宣的独特的、个性的学问。
家学是秘而不宣的，秘而不宣是什么意思?就是家学是关起门来讲的，不会公开去讲，甚至古代的时候叫传男不传女，传内不传外。
而且家学是独特的，个性的学问，比如炸油条的有炸油条的家学。
炸油条的时候油温该是多少?和面的时候要放点什么?醒面的时候该醒多长时间?油条要怎么炸?炸多久才最酥脆，最好吃?
这个油条店要开在什么地方生意最好?客人来了怎么维护关系?怎么打招呼?这都是学问，你别以为随随便便开一家店就能赚钱。
这些东西别人也不会随随便便告诉你，这是吃饭的家伙，是独门秘籍，家学是秘而不宣的、独特的个性的学问。
第二，对于家学来说，身教比言传更有效果。
我们都听说过一句话，叫做言传甚于身教
真正会做生意的家庭，客人来了，不管这单生意能不能做成，一定是笑脸相迎，笑脸相送。
比如说，你开一家茶叶店，客人来了，先不着急推销，先泡上一壶茶，让客人先品一品，喝上三五杯，在喝的过程中，慢慢了解客人的需求。
客人来买茶叶，是自己喝，还是送人?自己喝的话，品质要好一些，但是包装可以随意，那么要推荐一些性价比高的茶叶，不一定很贵，但一定好喝。
如果是送人，那品质不能太差，而且要看送的对象是谁，包装一定要好，用精致的木头盒子装好，外面再用漂亮的袋子包装一下，显得很高档。
顾客临走，可以加一下微信，送一些零散包装的茶叶给客户尝一尝，红茶、普洱、白茶、铁观音，客户喜欢喝什么，下次他肯定就找你。
在这样的环境中，一个人如果长期看着父母这样做生意，父母即使不教，他耳濡目染，也能学到不少东西，这就是身教的作用。
五、没有家学怎么办?
有的人说，博主，那些有家学的人，早开悟比我们要开窍得早，那我们没有家学的人怎么办呢?是不是就只能甘于落后，赶不上他们，我们只能躺平认命算了?
我认为不是这样，我前面也讲了，现在这个社会，真正有完整、系统家学传承的家庭，是非常少的。
我们中国社会因为各种原因，出现过文化的断裂，这个我就不展开来说了，大家读一读历史都应该明白。
即使有的家庭条件非常好，也要看孩子的性格和悟性，社会发展变化速度特别快，以前的陈旧的知识和观念，未必适合现在的这个社会。
一个人保持终生学习的心态非常重要，没有家学怎么办呢?我给大家几点建议供大家参考:
1.尽量跟原生家庭切割
如果你的父母非常厉害，在某个方面做出了成绩，你当然可以继承家学的传承，向他们学习。
但是如果你的父母自己就混得一塌糊涂，他们还要对你指手画脚，你就不要事事都听父母的。
因为他们一辈子的实践，已经证明了他们不行你就要尽量跟原生家庭切割。
这个切割不是说你就不用孝敬他们了，孝顺是应该的，我的策略是，多寄钱，一年多回去看他们几次。
但是最好不要住在一块，也不要听取他们对你人生的任何建议。他们跟你说什么，你都说好好好，您说的对。
但是你该怎么做自己拿主意，你的人生中的重大决定，比如读什么大学、选什么专业、要不要读研究生、选择什么样的工作、选择什么样的另一半、要不要创业，你都自己独自拿主意。
2.向身边优秀的人学习
去年我去一个单位讲课，注意到一个让我印象特别深刻的细节。
受某单位一把手的邀请，我给他们讲公文写作。
去了以后，单位一把手安排办公室主任在门口迎接，预留好了专用的车位，然后把我带上楼，刚出电梯，一把手就在电梯口等着迎接我。
中午在他们单位食堂吃饭，当然都是用工作餐当时因为还有疫情，我们吃饭是在一个小包厢里，一把手以及一个副职一起陪我吃
吃完了以后，一把手眼疾手快，立马把我的餐盒端起来要帮我倒掉，他自己的餐盒还放在桌子上，副职看到了，就主动帮这个一把手把餐盒端起来拿去倒。
把手觉得这也不合适啊，虽然我是一把手，他是二把手，但是让他帮我端餐盒，这显得太官僚主义了，所以他又一并端起我的以及二把手的餐盒，一起拿去倒。
也就是说形成了一个错位，一把手帮我倒餐盒二把手帮一把手倒餐盒，一把手还一并帮二把手倒餐盒，说得有点像绕口令，大家应该能看懂，
从这里面可以看出来什么呢?身居高位的人，都非常懂得换位思考，都很有服务意识。
我们很多年轻人，一谈到服务，好像觉得很丢人，给一把手倒个茶、搬个椅子、拎个包，觉得好像玷污了自己高贵的人格。
但实际上，人家做到厅级干部了，服务意识还是那么强，时刻注意察言观色，我刚吃完，嘴还没擦，人家已经把我的餐盒端走了，我想自己倒都来不及。
能身居高位的人，真的都有自己的过人之处，人家能放得下架子，我的级别比他低，但我跟他一起相处，时时处处能够感受到礼貌、客气、周到的那种感觉。
我们没有家学没关系，我经常讲一个词，叫见贤思齐。看到人家做得好的地方，看到比我们优秀的人，我们不要轻易去否定别人，不要轻易去鄙视别人，保持一股学习的劲头。
有的人既有很大的缺点，但他也有很大的优点缺点的部分，我们引以为戒，叫见不贤而内省。
看到不好的地方，我们自我反省，我有没有跟他一样的毛病?看他人家好的地方，我们见贤思齐，拼命学过来。
尤其是现在有互联网，有很多的优质课程都是可以学习的，当然前提是你必须学会甄别。
学会甄别的这个过程也要掉坑，也会花一些冤枉钱，但是这都是成长过程中必要的试错。
允许试错，是通往成功路上非常重要的一种思维
很多人为什么会身处底层?一方面是自身的条件不允许他试错;另一方面他自己也形成了一种确定性思维，一件事情必须是确定的，确保百分之八十、甚至百分之百能做成，他才会去做。
但是我认为，所谓的机会，有50%，甚至有的时候只有10%的成功概率的时候，你就要去把握。
我之前讲过一节课:面对机会的时候，到底应该怎么做才能够把握? 现实中，非常地遗憾，很多人看不懂什么是机会，机会来了也没准备好，准备好了也抓不住，这是很糟糕的。
3.保持开放的心态
前段时间，有读者朋友问博主，我该不该去考一个在职研究生?要不要去读一个博士?
我说，你们应该都是没有认真听我课的，如果听过我的课，不会问出这样的问题。
工作了以后，除了少数事业单位、科研院所、高校，如果你还整天想着靠学历获得提拔晋升，那说明学生思维很严重，你连职场规律的门都还没摸到。
我说完这句话以后，有一个人就回复说: 忽悠接着忽悠，如果学历不重要，那我们干嘛还要每天学习?如果都像你们一样，整天琢磨怎么搞人际关系，那每个人都去当领导好了，具体事情谁来干? 这个社会怎么进步?
原话我已经记不太清了，他大概的意思是这样吧，我当天心情还比较好，就逐条对他进行了反驳。
我说:
第一，学习不等于读一个学历，我强烈主张我们每个人都要终生学习，但是不等于我们要一味地把学历当作人生最重要的指标，学习跟学历是两码事。
第二，我没有完全否认学历的重要性，我说如果你是在事业单位，为了评职称的需要，或者你在高校、科研院所、研究机构，确实需要学历给你背书，那你就去读吧，读完对你是有帮助就行。
但是如果你当个公务员，你认为读了个在职研究生，组织就会优先考虑提拔你，那你就错了，学历在提拔中的作用连前五的重要性都排不上。
第三，他说我们完全在搞人际关系，这也是不对的。我们教的东西，其实是职场规律。当然我们具体业务上会讲得比较少，我以前也说过原因是什么。
第一个原因是业务的东西五花八门，不好教，我能什么都懂吗?卫生健康、旅游文化、招商引资、公安刑侦、税务稽查、法院案件审理，我能都会吗?具体的业务我们讲不了，术业有专攻。
第二个原因，如果一个人做业务都需要别人开课来教，那这个人基本也没啥前途了。业务的东西，自己在职场跟着学几年应该都会。
而且我们讲课，每个老师首先都是强调要把工作干好，从来没有说过工作不重要。这个我就不展开来说了。
我想通过这个例子说明什么呢? 就是这个在公屏区质疑我们的人，他显然是不了解我们的，他也没听过我跟水姐或者任何其他老师的课。
但是当他听到我说学历在提拔的时候不重要这个观点的时候，他就觉得非常反感，因为这跟他一直以来坚持的信念，跟他脑子里的思维是不符合的，是相冲突的。
我们的大脑天然地喜欢接收跟我们固有的思维模型相契合的观点，我们保持一个开放的心态是很重要的。
现在有一句话，叫做每个人都是自己健康的第一责任人，其实我们作为父母的话，我们也是自己家庭传承的第一责任人。
我反对鸡娃，但是我鼓励给孩子正确的言传身教，给孩子正确的价值观引导。
你的一言一行，你现在以及未来是什么样子，你的孩子就会是什么样子，你就是你孩子的原生家庭。
标签：
经济
生活<|endoftext|>2007 yılı başında sonuçlanacak çalışmada, Türk Elektrik dağıtım şebekesinin AB'ye bağlanması için gerekli olan bilgiler toplanacak.
1,5 milyon euro tutacak çalışma AB'nin aday ülkeler için öngördüğü fondan karşılanacak. Güneydoğu Avrupa ülkelerinin elektrik dağıtım şebekeleri 1974, Orta Avrupa ülkeleri 1995, Bulgaristan, Romanya ve Ukrayna ise 2003 yılında Avrupa sistemine entegre edilmişti.
Türk elektrik şebekesinin AB'ye entegrasyonun da bu geç kalınması elektrik dağıtım sisteminin Avrupa ülkeleri ile aynı frekansta olmaması olarak gösterildi.
Brüksel'deki AB gözlemcileri Türk elektrik dağıtım şebekesinin Avrupa'ya entegrasyonun büyük bir proje olduğunu söylediler.<|endoftext|>Shared Prosperity Denied – 1880s to the early 1930s
By Mark McDermott
The 50 years from the 1880s to the early 1930s saw extraordinary changes in American life. Rapid urbanization, massive immigration and the decades-long “Great Migration” of millions of African-Americans from the South to northern cities created teeming cities. Rapid industrialization coupled with the world’s largest railroad network made us the leading industrial power in the world. Technological innovations such as the telephone, motion pictures, electrification of factories, cities and homes, automobiles, and the radio revolutionized how many people lived and their views of the future.
Amidst the great changes, the country seethed with discontent as powerful corporations and spectacularly wealthy people amassed unimagined wealth. At the same time, millions of workers and farmers performed grueling work and lived in chronic fear of hard times. Peoples’ standards of living were rising and yet massive poverty remained. Multiple financial panics, depressions and recessions periodically threw millions into abject poverty, insecurity and misery amidst the greatest wealth the world had ever seen.
Throughout these decades, the people struggled mightily to limit the power of corporations, the wealthy and their political allies in the Republican and Democratic Parties. They wanted a more just system that shared the wealth fairly, provided greater security in hard economic times, expanded our democratic rights at work and in the larger community, created greater opportunity for education, and reduced work hours to allow more time for family and community life.
In very human terms, people wanted an adequate income when they were unemployed, unable to work or too old to work. We wanted their families were adequately fed, clothed and housed. They wanted an end of abusive child labor and free compulsory quality education for their children. They wanted a more secure, just and hopeful future free from fear of want and deprivation in the land of plenty. They wanted the right to organize unions, rights and dignity on the job, and safe and healthy workplaces. They wanted a greater voice in political and economic life.
The demands for economic justice were largely thwarted for decades as Corporate America dominated economic and political life throughout most of the period. Frustrated by the two major political parties’ unwillingness to address their great grievances, many people turned to new third parties – Greenbacks, Populists, Socialists, Progressives, and Communists and other organizations advocated broad changes. They were looking for broad alternatives needed to change a system that simultaneously produced enormous wealth and perpetuated needless misery, exploitation and hardshipploitation and hardship.
At the same time, millions of workers struggled to organized unions and create a more democratic workplace in which they earned a fair wage in safe conditions. Lacking legal rights to form unions and massive repression from governments supporting corporations, organized labor remained weak despite widespread demands for worker justice.
The growing people’s demands for expanded economic and political justice and rights were severely undercut by deep divisions among the people. First and foremost, widespread racism and anti-immigrant hostility harmed millions and served the “divide and conquer” strategy of corporate America. Culture wars against women’s rights including the right to vote, prohibition, evolution and religious bigotry against Catholics and Jews deepened the splits among working people. Last but not least, government repression of radical organizations, and unions deepened these divisions. All of these divisions served the interests of corporate America and not the people.
Despite corporate domination and deep divisions among the people, significant people’s victories were achieved. Federal constitutional amendments for direct election of senators, a progressive personal income tax, and women’s right to vote were won. Banning corporate campaign contributions was a first step in weakening the corporate stranglehold on national
|
8,548 | 1 | 2 |
oluşur. Anormal hücreler ölmeleri gerektiğinde ölmez. Vücudu enfeksiyonlar veya diğer hastalıklardan korumazlar. Fazlaca hücrenin çoğalması sıklıkla ur veya tümör adı verilen bir kitle oluşturur.
Yayılımı olan Hodgkin lenfoma hakkında bilgi almak için Evrelendirme bölümüne bakınız.
Reed-Sternberg hücreleri normal hücrelerden daha büyüktür.
Risk Faktörleri
Doktorlar, çoğu zaman, bir hastada Hodgkin lenfoma gelişirken diğerinde neden gelişmediğini bilmemektedir. Ancak araştırmalar belirli risk faktörlerinin bir kişide bu hastalığın gelişme şansını artırdığını göstermektedir.
Hodgkin lenfoma için risk faktörleri aşağıdakileri içermektedir:
- Belirli virüsler: Epstein-Barr virüsü (EBV) veya insan immün yetmezlik virüsü (HIV) enfeksiyonunun bulunması, Hodgkin lenfoma geliştirme riskini artırabilir. Ancak lenfoma bulaşıcı değildir. Başka bir kişiden lenfoma kapamazsınız.
- Zayıflamış bağışıklık sistemi: Zayıflamış bir bağışıklık sistemine sahip olmak (kalıtımsal bir durum veya organ nakli sonrası kullanılan belirli ilaçlar nedeniyle) lenfoma geliştirme riskini artırabilir.
- Yaş: Hodgkin lenfoma en sıklıkla 15-35 yaş arasındaki erişkin ve yetişkinler ile, 55 yaş ve üstündeki yetişkinlerde görülür.
- Aile öyküsü: Aile üyelerinde, özellikle kız ve erkek kardeşlerde Hodgkin lenfoma veya başka bir lenfoması olan bir kişinin bu hastalığı geliştirme riski artmış olabilir.
Bir veya daha fazla risk faktörüne sahip olmak kişinin Hodgkin lenfoma geliştireceği manasına gelmez. Risk faktörleri olan birçok kişi hiçbir zaman kanser geliştirmez.
Belirtiler
Hodgkin lenfoma birçok semptoma neden olabilir:
- Boyun, koltuk altı veya kasıkta şişmiş lenf nodları (ağrısız)
- Alkolün etkilerine daha duyarlı hale gelmek veya alkol aldıktan sonra lenf nodlarında ağrı olması
- Nedeni belirsiz kilo kaybı
- Geçmeyen ateş
- Yoğun gece terlemeleri
- Vücutta kaşıntı
- Öksürük, solunum zorluğu veya göğüs ağrısı
- Geçmeyen halsizlik ve yorgunluk
Çoğunlukla bu semptomlar kansere bağlı değildir. Enfeksiyonlar veya diğer sağlık problemleri de bu semptomlara neden olabilir. 2 haftadır geçmeyen semptomları olan bir kişi, problemin teşhis ve tedavi edilebilmesi için bir doktora gitmelidir.
Tanı
Hodgkin Lenfoma Tipleri
Eğer sizde şiş lenf nodları veya Hodgkin lenfomayı düşündüren başka bir semptom varsa doktorunuz probleme neyin neden olduğunu bulmaya çalışacaktır. Doktorunuz sizin ve ailenizin tıbbi geçmişi hakkında sorular sorabilir.
Size aşağıdaki inceleme ve testler yapılabilir:
- Fizik muayene: Doktorunuz boyun, koltuk altı ve kasıklarınızı şişmiş lenf nodları açısından kontrol eder. Doktorunuz ayrıca dalak veya karaciğer büyümesi açısından da inceleme yapar.
- Kan testleri: Laboratuvar, beyaz kan hücrelerinin sayısını, diğer hücreleri ve maddeleri kontrol etmek için tam kan sayımı yapar.
- Göğüs filmleri: Filmler göğüs kafesinizin içinde şişmiş lenf nodlarını veya hastalığın diğer bulgularını gösterebilir.
- Biyopsi: Lenfomayı teşhis etmenin tek kesin yolu biyopsidir. Doktorunuz bir lenf nodunun bütününü (eksizyonel biyopsi) veya lenf nodunun bir kısmını (insizyonel biyopsi) çıkarabilir. İnce bir iğne ile (ince iğne aspirasyonu) patoloğun Hodgkin lenfomayı teşhis etmesini sağlayacak büyüklükte yeterli örnek genellikle alınamamaktadır.
Patolog dokuyu Hodgkin lenfoma hücreleri açısından kontrol etmek için mikroskop kullanmaktadır. Hodgkin lenfomalı bir kişide genellikle Reed-Sternberg hücreleri olarak bilinen büyük, anormal hücreler bulunur. Bu hücreler Hodgkin dışı lenfomalı hastalarda bulunmaz.
Biyopsi yaptırmadan önce bu soruları doktorunuza sormak isteyebilirsiniz:
- Biyopsi nasıl yapılacak?
- Hastanede kalmak zorunda olacak mıyım?
- Hazırlık olarak bir şey yapmak zorunda mıyım?
- Ne kadar sürecek? Uyanık mı olacağım? Acıtacak mı?
- Herhangi bir riski var mı? İşlem sonrası şişlik, enfeksiyon veya kanama şansı nedir?
- Düzelmem ne kadar zaman alacak?
- Sonuçları ne zaman alacağım? Onları bana kim açıklayacak?
- Gerçekten bende kanser varsa, sonraki adımlar hakkında benimle kim konuşacak? Ne zaman?
Hodgkin Lenfoma Tipleri
Hodgkin lenfoma bulunduğunda patolog tipini bildirir. Hodgkin lenfomanın iki ana tipi vardır:
- Klasik Hodgkin lenfoma: Hodgkin lenfomalı birçok kişide klasik tip bulunmaktadır. Reed-Sternberg hücresi resimdeki gibi görünmektedir.
- Nodüler lenfosit-baskın Hodgkin lenfoma: Bu Hodgkin lenfomanın nadir bir tipidir. Anormal hücreye patlamış mısır hücresi adı verilmektedir. Klasik tipten farklı şekilde tedavi edilebilir.
Evrelendirme
Doktorunuzun en iyi tedavi planını yapması için Hodgkin lenfomanın yayılımını (evresini) bilmesi gerekmektedir. Evrelendirme hangi vücut bölgelerinin hastalıktan etkilendiğini bulmaya yönelik dikkatli bir girişimdir.
Hodgkin lenfoma bir lenf grubundan yanındaki lenf grubuna yayılma eğilimindedir. Mesela, boyundaki lenf nodlarında başlayan Hodgkin lenfoma, önce köprücük kemiklerinin üstündeki lenf nodlarına ve sonra koltuk altı ve göğüs kafesinin içindeki lenf nodlarına yayılabilir.
Zamanla, Hodgkin lenfoma hücreleri kan damarlarını işgal edebilir ve vücudun herhangi bir kısmına yayılabilir. Mesela karaciğer, kemik ve kemik iliğine yayılabilir.
Evrelendirme aşağıdaki testlerden bir veya daha fazlasını içerebilir:
- BT taraması: Bir bilgisayara bağlı bir röntgen makinesi göğüs kafesi, karın veya pelvisin seri halinde detaylı resimlerini çeker. Size kontrast madde enjeksiyonu yapılabilir. Ayrıca sizden diğer bir tipteki kontrast maddeyi içmeniz istenebilir. Kontrast madde doktorunuzun büyümüş lenf nodlarını ve filmdeki diğer anormal alanları görmesini kolaylaştırır.
- MRG: Kemiklerinizin, beyin veya diğer dokularınızın detaylı resimlerini oluşturmak için bilgisayara bağlı kuvvetli bir mıknatıs kullanılmaktadır. Doktorunuz bu resimleri ekranda inceleyebilir ve film üzerine baskısını alabilir.
- PET taraması: Size az miktarda radyoaktif şeker enjekte edilir. Bir makine vücudunuzdaki hücreler tarafından kullanılan şekerin bilgisayarlı resimlerini oluşturur. Lenfoma hücreleri şekeri normal hücrelere göre daha hızlı kullanır ve resimlerde lenfomalı alanlar daha parlak görünür.
- Kemik iliği biyopsisi: Doktor kalça kemiğinizden veya başka büyük bir kemiğinizden küçük bir kemik ve kemik iliği örneği almak için kalın bir iğne kullanır. Lokal anestezi ağrılarınızı kontrol etmeye yardımcı olabilir. Patolog örnekte Hodgkin lenfoma hücrelerini arar.
Diğer evrelendirme işlemleri diğer lenf nodlarının, karaciğerin veya başka bir dokunun biyopsisini içerebilir.
Doktor Hodgkin lenfomanın evresini belirlemek için aşağıdakileri göz önüne almaktadır:
- Hodgkin lenfoma hücrelerinin bulunduğu lenf nodu sayısı
- Bu lenf nodlarının diyaframın bir veya her iki tarafında bulunması (resme bakınız)
- Hastalığın kemik iliği, dalak, karaciğer veya akciğere yayılıp yayılmadığı.
Hodgkin lenfomanın evreleri aşağıdaki şekildedir:
- Evre I: Lenfoma hücreleri tek bir lenf nodu grubundadır (boyun veya koltuk altı gibi). Veya anormal hücreler lenf nodlarında değilse, bir dokunun veya bir organın sadece bir bölümündedir (akciğer gibi).
- Evre II: Lenfoma hücreleri diyaframın aynı tarafındaki (üstünde veya altında) en az iki lenf nodu grubundadır. Veya, lenfoma hücreleri bir doku veya bir organın tek bir kısmında ve o organın (diyaframın aynı tarafındaki) yakınındaki lenf nodlarındadır. Diyaframın aynı tarafındaki diğer lenf nodu gruplarında da lenfoma hücreleri bulunabilir.
- Evre III: Lenfoma hücreleri diyaframın alt ve üstündeki lenf nodlarındadır. Lenfoma ayrıca bu lenf nodu gruplarının yakınındaki bir doku veya bir organın (karaciğer, akciğer veya kemik gibi) bir kısmında bulunabilir. Dalakta da bulunabilir.
- Evre IV: Lenfoma hücreleri bir veya daha fazla organ veya dokunun birkaç bölgesinde bulunur. Veya, lenfoma bir organda (karaciğer, akciğer veya kemik gibi) ve uzak lenf nodlarındadır.
- Nüks eden: Tedaviden sonra geri gelen hastalık.
Bu evre sayılarına ek olarak doktorunuz evreyi A veya B olarak da tarif edebilir:
- A: Kilo kaybınız, yoğun gece terlemeleri veya ateşlenmeleriniz olmadı.
- B: Kilo kaybınız, yoğun gece terlemeleri veya ateşlenmeleriniz oldu.
Tedavi
Hodgkin lenfomayı tedavi eden hematologlar size Hodgkin lenfoma tedavisinde uzmanlaşmış bir hematolog seçmenizi tavsiye edebilir. Bu tür doktorlar sıklıkla büyük akademik merkezlerle bağlantı halindedir.
Seçilecek tedavi temel olarak aşağıdakilere bağlıdır:
- Sizdeki Hodgkin lenfomanın tipi (çoğu kişide klasik tipte Hodgkin lenfoma bulunmaktadır)
- Evresi (lenfomanın yayılım derecesi)
- Sizde 10 santimetreden büyük tümörün olup olmaması
- Yaşınız
- Kilo kaybı, yoğun gece terlemeleri veya ateşinizin olup olmaması.
Hodgkin lenfomalı kişiler kemoterapi, radyasyon tedavisi veya her ikisi ile tedavi edilebilir.
Eğer tedaviden sonra Hodgkin lenfoma geri dönerse, doktorlar bunu relaps veya nüks olarak isimlendirmektedir. Tedavi sonrası yeniden ortaya çıkan Hodgkin lenfoması olan hastalar yüksek dozlarda kemoterapi, radyasyon tedavisi veya her ikisini alabilirler ve ardından kök hücre nakli yapılabilir.
Yan etkiler ve tedavinin normal aktivitelerinizi nasıl değiştirebileceği hakkında bazı şeyler bilmek isteyebilirsiniz. Kemoterapi ve radyasyon tedavisi sıklıkla sağlıklı hücre ve dokulara da zarar verdiğinden yan etkiler sıktır. Yan etkiler her kişide aynı olmayabilir ve bir tedavi dönemi ile sonraki arasında farklı olabilir. Tedavi başlamadan önce, doktorunuz size olası yan etkileri açıklayacak ve bunlarla baş etme yolları hakkında önerilerde bulunacaktır. Kişi ne kadar genç ise, tedavi ve yan etkileri ile başa çıkılması o kadar kolay olabilir.
Hastalığın herhangi bir evresinde size destek tedavisi verilebilir. Destek tedavisi, enfeksiyonları önlemek ve enfeksiyonlara karşı savaşmak, ağrı ve diğer semptomları kontrol altına almak, tedavinin yan etkilerini hafifletmek ve sizde kanser tanısının sebep olabileceği duygular ile başa çıkmaya yönelik olan tedavidir.
Tedaviye başlamadan önce bu soruları doktorunuza sormak isteyebilirsiniz:
- Bende hangi tipte Hodgkin lenfoma var? Patoloji raporunun bir kopyasını alabilir miyim?
- Hastalığımın evresi nedir? Tümörler nerelerde?
- Tedavi seçeneklerim nelerdir? Benim için hangisini önerirsiniz? Neden?
- Birden fazla tedavi çeşidi alacak mıyım?
- Her bir tedavi şeklinin beklenen faydaları nelerdir?
- Her bir tedavinin riskleri ve olası yan etkileri nelerdir? Yan etkileri kontrol altına almak için neler yapabiliriz?
- Tedavi ne kadar sürecek?
- Tedaviye hazırlık olarak ne yapabilirim?
- Hastanede kalmam gerekecek mi? Eğer gerekecekse, ne kadar süre?
- Tedavinin tahmini maliyeti ne kadar? Sigortam tüm maliyeti karşılayacak mı?
- Tedavi normal aktivitelerimi nasıl etkileyecek?
- Tedaviden sonra ne kadar sıklıkla kontrol yaptırmalıyım?
Kemoterapi
Hodgkin lenfoma için uygulanan kemoterapide lenfoma hücrelerini öldüren ilaçlar kullanılmaktadır. Buna sistemik tedavi adı verilmektedir çünkü ilaçlar tüm kanınızda dolaşmaktadır. İlaçlar vücudunuzun hemen hemen tüm bölgelerindeki lenfoma hücrelerine ulaşabilir.
Genellikle birden fazla ilaç verilir. Hodgkin lenfomada kullanılan birçok ilaç damardan (intravenöz) verilir ancak bir kısmı ağızdan alınır.
Kemoterapi döngüler (kürler, sikluslar) halinde verilmektedir. Tedavi döneminin ardından bir dinlenme döneminiz olur. Dinlenme sürecinin uzunluğu ve tedavi döngülerinin sayısı hastalığınızın evresine ve kullanılan kanser ilaçlarına bağlıdır.
Tedavinizi bir klinikte alabilirsiniz. Bazı kişilerin tedavi için hastanede kalması gerekebilir.
Yan etkiler temel olarak hangi ilaçların ne kadar verildiğine bağlıdır. İlaçlar hızlı bölünen normal hücrelere zarar verebilir:
- Kan hücreleri: Kemoterapi kanınızdaki sağlıklı hücrelerin seviyesini düşürürse, enfeksiyon kapmanız, morluklarınız olması ve kolayca kanama görülmesi, çok halsiz ve yorgun hissetmeniz mümkündür. Doktorunuz kan hücrelerinizin seviyesini kontrol etmek için size kan testi uygulamaktadır. Eğer seviyeleri düşükse vücudunuzun yeni kan hücreleri üretmesine yardımcı olan ilaçlar vardır.
- Saç köklerindeki hücreler: Kemoterapi saç dökülmesine neden olabilir. Eğer saçlarınız dökülürse yeniden büyüyecektir ancak rengi ve yapısı biraz farklı olabilir.
- Sindirim sistemini döşeyen hücreler: Kemoterapi iştahsızlık, bulantı ve kusma, ishal veya ağız ve dilde yaralara neden olabilir. Doktorunuza bu tür problemlerde yardımcı olabilecek ilaçları veya diğer tedavileri sorunuz.
Bazı kemoterapi tipleri infertiliteye neden olabilir:
- Erkekler: Kemoterapi sperm hücrelerine zarar verebilir. Sperm değişikliklerinin kalıcı olabilmesi nedeniyle bazı erkekler tedavi öncesi spermlerini dondurtabilir ve saklatabilir.
- Kadınlar: Kemoterapi overlere zarar verebilir. İleride gebe kalmayı isteyebilecek kadınlar tedavi başlamadan önce yumurtalarını saklamanın yollarını doktora sormalıdır.
- Hodgkin lenfomada kullanılan bazı ilaçlar daha sonra kalp hastalığı veya kansere neden olabilir. Tedavi sonrası kontroller hakkında bilgi almak için Tedavi Sonrası İzlem bölümüne bakınız.
Kemoterapi almadan önce bu soruları doktorunuza sormak isteyebilirsiniz:
- Hangi ilaçları alacağım? Beklenen faydaları nelerdir?
- Tedavi ne zaman başlayacak? Ne zaman bitecek? Hangi sıklıkta tedavi alacağım?
- Tedavi için nereye gideceğim? Ardından eve dönerken araç kullanabilir miyim?
- Tedavi sırasında kendime dikkat etmek için ne yapabilirim?
- Tedavinin işe yaradığını nasıl bileceğiz?
- Hangi yan etkileri size söylemeliyim? Bu yan etkilerden bir kısmını önleyebilir veya tedavi edebilir miyiz?
- Tedavinin kalıcı yan etkileri olacak mı?
Radyasyon Tedavisi
Hodgkin lenfoma için radyasyon tedavisi (radyoterapi olarak da isimlendirilmektedir) lenfoma hücrelerini öldürmek için yüksek enerjili ışınlar kullanır. Bu, tümörleri küçültebilir ve ağrı kontrolüne yardımcı olabilir.
Büyük bir makine ışınları lenfomadan etkilenen lenf nodu bölgelerine yöneltmektedir. Bu lokal tedavidir çünkü sadece tedavi edilen alandaki hücreleri etkiler. Çoğu kişi birkaç hafta boyunca haftada 5 gün bir hastaneye gitmektedir.
Radyasyon tedavisinin yan etkileri temel olarak radyasyon dozuna ve tedavi edilen vücut bölgesine bağlıdır. Mesela, karnınıza uygulanan radyasyon bulantı, kusma ve ishale neden olabilir. Göğüs kafesiniz veya boynunuz tedavi edildiğinde boğazda kuruluk, ağrı ve yutma güçlüğünüz olabilir.
Ayrıca tedavi edilen bölgedeki cilt kırmızı, kuru ve duyarlı hale gelebilir. Tedavi edilen bölgedeki kıllar dökülebilir.
Radyasyon tedavisi sırasında, özellikle tedavinin sonr
|
8,548 | 1 | 3 |
背上，用刀砍，用绳捆，豁出性命几经搏斗才能拿下一条来。很多时候，精疲力竭的捕鱼人就随着鲸鱼一起沉到了海里。
到了现代，与鲸鱼搏杀已经毫无必要。于是猎杀鲸鱼这个"传统手艺"，就被山口人改编成了现代舞蹈，成为了有趣的观光项目。
说到日本的文化遗产保护，人们较多地想到的是京都和奈良，但萩市的故事，更能代表在日本深入人心的对待文化遗产的传承和保护意识。
在萩市，能见到特别多热心保护文化遗产的普通人。市里定期会请中小学历史老师做公众讲座，内容会具体到某些年份的历史，以及在哪条街哪栋房子发生过的值得关注的故事，非常好听。
萩市的街道，至今还保持着数百年来的样子。虽然内里已经非常现代化，外表看却如同穿越回江户时代。那里的人们从不刻意去造一座新建筑，也绝不会轻易改变街道的样貌。数百年来能坚持这一点，与保护文化遗产持续坚定的努力也是分不开的。<|endoftext|>اخبار مرتبط
اعلام جزئیات جدید از پرونده باطل شدن معافیتها
مسئول برگزاری مسابقات سازمان لیگ با بیان اینکه اسامی بازیکنانی که کارت معافیت از خدمتشان باطل شده به احتمال زیاد امروز اعلام میشود، گفت: درصورت مشخص شدن نام این بازیکنان، از حضورشان در هفته هشتم لیگ برتر جلوگیری خواهد شد.به گزارش خبرنگار مهر، با بررس های انجام شده توسط سازمان وظيفه عمومی تاکنون کارت معافيت از خدمت 21 نفر مورد تاييد قرار گرفته و کارت معافيت 13 نفر نيز باطل شده است که اين افراد به خدمت سربازی اعزام خواهند شد، همچنين وضعيت بقيه افراد، در حال بررسی است و نتيجه نهايی اعلام خواهد شد.
غلامرضا بهروان در ابتدای صحبت هایش در خصوص وضعیت باطل شدن کارت پایان خدمت برخی از بازیکنان فوتبال ضمن بیان مطلب فوق گفت: چندی پیش نامه ای محرمانه از حوزه نظام وظیفه به دستمان رسید و یک سری اسامی بازیکنان با بسته بندی های دقیق در خصوص معافیت هایی که گرفته بودند، به ما اعلام شد.وی اضافه کرد: بر اساس این نامه، فوتبالیست هایی که معافیت چشم و یا موارد دیگر گرفته بودند، باید برای معاینه مجدد به مراکزی که اعلام می شد، مراجعه می کردند. تعداد آنها خیلی بیشتر از این 13 نفر بود و اسامی افراد معروف و بازیکنان تیم های پرطرفدار و ملی پوش هم در آنها دیده می شد.
مسئول برگزاری مسابقات سازمان لیگ با تاکید بر اینکه بلافاصله این نامه را به باشگاه ها اعلام کرده تا آنها بازیکنان را برای معاینه مجدد به مراکز ذیربط بفرستند، ادامه داد: از بین آن بازیکنان، تا این لحظه کارت معافیت 13 بازیکن باطل و تنها یک کارت تایید شده است. این رسیدگی ها ادامه دارد و ممکن است تعداد کارت های باطل شده اضافه شود.وی با تاکید بر این که هنوز نامه افراد به ما اعلام نشده اما به محض اعلام جلوی بازی آنها گرفته می شود، تصریح کرد: متاسفانه اقدام این بازیکنان سلامت لیگ را زیر سوال برده و پرونده آنها به کمیته انضباطی خواهد رفت تا برابر قانون با این افراد متخلف برخورد شود. این اتفاقی نیست که بخواهیم مقابل آن ساکت بنشینیم و امیدوارم کمیته انضباطی نیز در اسرع وقت در مورد آنها تصمیم گیری کرده و رای نهایی قطعاً اجرا خواهد شد.
بهروان که صبح امروز با رادیو ورزش گفتگو می کرد، ادامه داد: البته پس از مشخص شدن نام افراد، بلافاصله جلوی بازی کردنشان در لیگ برتر گرفته می شود. همچنین در جلسه ای که با سردار باران چشمه و سایر عزیزان در این زمینه داشتیم آنها هم تاکید کردند که این بازیکنان هرچه سریعتر به مجازات عملشان برسند. ضمن اینکه بحث حضورشان در تیم های نظامی اصلاً مطرح نیست زیرا زمان نقل و انتقالات به پایان رسیده است.وی در پاسخ به این سوال که چند نفر از این بازیکنان لیگ برتری هستند؟، اظهار کرد: در فهرست اولیه که به ما اعلام شد به غیر از دو سه نفر سایر نفرات لیگ برتری و ملی پوش هستند. حتی در بین آنها، بازیکنان نامداری بوده که در جام جهانی هم بازی کردند و نامشان در لیست معاینه مجدد بوده است. بازیکنانی که در تیم های پرطرفدار تهرانی و شهرستانی امروز بازی می کنند.
مسئول برگزاری مسابقات سازمان لیگ در پاسخ به پرسش دیگر که آیا واقعاً شما اسامی افراد را نمی دانید، خاطرنشان کرد: من زیاد اهل مصاحبه نیستم اما اگر حرفی بزنم دروغ نمی گویم. من فهرست تمامی این بازیکنان را دیده ام اما اسامی این 13 نفر که کارتشان باطل شده است، را نمی دانم.وی افزود: روز گذشته و پس از شنیدن خبر ابطال کارت معافیت این 13 بازیکن از سوی رسانه ها، از طریق آقای نبی دبیرکل فدراسیون پیگیر این موضوع شدیم تا اسامی آنها را بدهیم که در این زمینه قرار شده است امروز نام آنها به ما اعلام شود. اگر همین امروز مشخص شود آنها چه نفراتی هستند، در این هفته اجازه نمی دهیم تیم های خود را در رقابتهای هفته هشتم لیگ برتر همراهی کنند.
آیا تیم هایی که بازیکنانشان دچار تخلف شده اند اجازه دارند بازیکن جدیدی را جایگزین این نفرات کنند؟
بهروان به این سوال اینگونه پاسخ داد: باید در این مورد هیات رئیسه سازمان لیگ تصمیم گیری کند زیرا باشگاه ها مقصر نبودند و مدارکی که از بازیکنان گرفته اند اگر به سایت نظام وظیفه هم مراجعه می کردند کدهای آنها تایید می شد به همین دلیل باید این موضوع در هیات رئیسه بررسی شود تا در مورد آن تصمیم گیری شود.وی اضافه کرد: فکر می کنم به خاطر اهمیت این موضوع جلسه اضطراری هیات رئیسه سازمان لیگ برگزار شود زیرا باشگاه های زیادی متضرر می شوند.مسئول برگزاری مسابقات سازمان لیگ در پایان با اشاره به این که مسابقات لیگ در زمان برگزاری بازی های آسیایی اینچئون تعطیل نمی شود گفت: طبق هماهنگی هایی که در گذشته با آقای کی روش داشتیم تنها 51 روز لیگ به خاطر جام ملت ها تعطیل می شود. البته در این مدت دو فیفادی وجود دارد که در آنها تنها لیگ تعطیل شده اما مسابقات جام حذفی را پیگیری می کنیم.
وی همچنین در خصوص وضعیت مهدی تاج هم گفت: ایشان پیگیر معاجلات خود بوده و در حال حاضر در منزل هستند.
کاربر گرامی پیام شما در سیستم ثبت شد و بعد از تایید مدیر، درسایت قرار خواهد گرفت.<|endoftext|>Galatasaray yönetimi, Leicester City'de yılda 3.2 milyon euro kazanan Nijeryalı yıldızın ücretinin 2.5 milyon euro'sunu karşılamayı taahhüt etti.
Kalan kısmı ise Leicester'in ödemesi gündemde.
Ahmed Musa'nın başka teklifler de aldığı ve kararını Dünya Kupası bitince vereceği bildirildi.
Ahmed Musa dün Nijerya-İzlanda maçında 2 gol attı.
Ahmed Musa, ocak ayında kiralandığı CSKA Moskova formasıyla Rus Ligi'nde 10 maçta 6 gol, 3 asistlik müthiş bir performans sergilemişti.
Kaynak:Fotomaç<|endoftext|>تأیید (acknowledgement) چیست؟
در برخی از پروتکلهای ارتباط دیجیتال، ACK – مخفف تصدیق یا تأیید – به سیگنالی اشاره دارد که دستگاه ارسال میکند تا نشان دهد دادهها با موفقیت دریافت شدهاند. سیگنال توسط ایستگاه دریافت کننده (مقصد) به ایستگاه فرستنده (منبع) پس از دریافت بلوک قابل تشخیص داده با اندازه خاص و مورد انتظار ارسال می شود.
سیگنال ACK در محاسبات (گذرگاه ها)، شبکه های مخابراتی و شبکه های داده مهم است. به عنوان بخشی از یک پروتکل ارتباطی، ACK راهی برای فرآیندها یا دستگاههای مقصد است تا تأیید کنند که پیامی را از فرآیندها یا دستگاههای مبدأ دریافت کردهاند.
کد ارتباطی ACK معمولاً یک کد استاندارد آمریکایی برای کاراکتر تبادل اطلاعات (0000110 یا 6) است که به منظور ارتباط سیگنال بین ایستگاه مقصد و ایستگاه فرستنده رزرو و تعیین می شود. همچنین به عنوان کد تأیید یا کاراکتر تأیید نیز شناخته می شود. کد نشان می دهد که چگونه فرستنده ها و گیرنده های مختلف بلوک های داده را در یک پروتکل ارتباطی خاص مدیریت می کنند.
برای قابل تشخیص بودن، بلوک داده ای که از مبدا به مقصد ارسال می شود باید با پروتکل در حال استفاده مطابقت داشته باشد. هنگامی که منبع سیگنال ACK را از مقصد دریافت می کند، بلوک بعدی داده را ارسال می کند.
اگر منبع نتواند سیگنال را دریافت کند، بسته به پروتکل، یا بلوک داده را تکرار می کند یا انتقال را متوقف می کند. این فرآیند تکراری و مستمر تضمین می کند که نوع و مقدار مناسب داده به طور موثر از فرستنده به گیرنده تحویل داده می شود. در برخی از پروتکلها، سیگنالهای ACK مختلفی وجود دارد که نشاندهنده دریافت و تشخیص موفقیتآمیز دستورات خاص، مانند خاموش کردن یا آماده به کار است.
ACK در قیاس با NAK
در حالی که ACK دریافت پیام را نشان می دهد، NAK — یا NACK — برای نشان دادن عکس آن ارسال می شود. NAK مشخصاً به معنای تأیید منفی یا عدم تأیید است. این می تواند توسط یک دستگاه یا فرآیند مقصد منتقل شود تا نشان دهد که قادر به دریافت پیام از یک دستگاه یا فرآیند منبع نیست یا شکست خورده است.
همچنین ممکن است NAK ارسال شود تا نشان دهد داده های ارسال شده از طریق شبکه با خطا(های) دریافت شده است. می تواند گزارش دهد که منبع باید یک سیگنال خاص و مورد انتظار را دوباره به مقصد ارسال کند. مانند ACK، NAK نیز یک کاراکتر ASCII است: 0010101 یا 15.
پروتکل های ارتباطی مبتنی بر acknowledgement
TCP یکی از پروتکل های ارتباطی است که برای اطمینان از انتقال موفقیت آمیز داده ها به سیگنال های ACK متکی است. هنگامی که بسته های TCP از طریق شبکه ارسال می شوند، هر بسته حاوی یک شماره یا پرچم ACK است که در سربرگ بسته روی 1 تنظیم می شود. این عدد نشان دهنده شماره توالی بسته بعدی در جریان داده است که ایستگاه مقصد (دستگاه یا فرآیند) باید انتظار دریافت آن را داشته باشد.
بنابراین، در TCP، مقصد با ارسال یک بسته حاوی مجموعه بیت acknowledgement، بسته های دریافتی را تأیید می کند. یکی از ویژگی های TCP ACK را قادر می سازد تا تصدیق کند که یک سری بسته های TCP به جای یک بسته دریافت شده است. این باعث می شود بایت های زیادی از داده ها در پرواز باقی بمانند، در حالی که تاخیرها را به حداقل می رساند. مانند TCP، پروتکل ZMODEM نیز مبتنی بر تایید است، به این معنی که مقصدهایی را شامل می شود که دریافت پیام های ارسال شده توسط منابع را با ارسال کدهای ACK تایید می کنند.
پروتکلهای دیگر مبتنی بر NAK هستند، به این معنی که دریافت پیامها را تایید نمیکنند و فقط در صورت وجود مشکل، مانند خطا، پاسخ میدهند. بیشتر پروتکل های چندپخشی مبتنی بر NAK هستند و هنگامی که گیرنده بسته های گم شده را تشخیص می دهد سیگنال های NAK را ارسال می کنند. هنوز پروتکل های دیگر، مانند ارتباطات همزمان باینری (Bisync)، از سیگنال های ACK و NAK استفاده می کنند. در Bisync، ایستگاه گیرنده یک NAK می فرستد تا نشان دهد که یک خطای انتقال را در بلوک دریافتی قبلی تشخیص داده است و آماده پذیرش ارسال مجدد آن توسط فرستنده است.
در نهایت، برخی از پروتکل ها، مانند پروتکل User Datagram و RC-5، از ACK و NAK استفاده نمی کنند. در عوض، آنها انتقال کور انجام می دهند و ممکن است یک پیام را چندین بار ارسال کنند به این امید که حداقل یک نسخه به درستی و بدون خطا به ایستگاه گیرنده ارسال شود.
دست دادن سه طرفه در TCP با ACK
بسیاری از انواع پیام ها از طریق شبکه های مبتنی بر TCP ارسال می شوند. به عنوان مثال، SYN (همگام سازی) برای شروع و برقراری یک اتصال و همگام سازی شماره های دنباله بین دستگاه های موجود در شبکه استفاده می شود. ایستگاه دریافت کننده acknowledgement را می فرستد تا به فرستنده تایید کند که SYN را دریافت کرده است. به طور مشابه، SYN-ACK یک پیام SYN از دستگاه محلی و ACK بسته قبلی است.
در TCP، ترافیک با یک دست دادن سه طرفه شروع می شود، فرآیندی که در آن شبکه یک ارتباط بین سرور و مشتری برقرار می کند تا انتقال داده را فعال کند. در این فرآیند، هم سرور و هم سرویس گیرنده، بسته های SYN و ACK را قبل از شروع ارتباط داده، مبادله می کنند.
برای شروع فرآیند دست دادن و شروع مکالمه، مشتری یک جلسه ارتباطی با سرور درخواست می کند. ارتباط را با یک سیگنال SYN برقرار می کند. سپس سرور با یک سیگنال SYN-ACK به درخواست مشتری پاسخ می دهد. در مرحله سه، کلاینت پاسخ سرور را تایید می کند و برای شروع فرآیند انتقال داده، یک ارتباط پایدار بین مشتری و سرور برقرار می شود. هنگامی که انتقال کامل شد، TCP به طور خودکار ارتباط بین سرور و کلاینت را قطع می کند.
حملات DDoS سیل acknowledgement
سیل ACK یک حمله انکار سرویس توزیع شده (DDoS) در لایه 4 (لایه حمل و نقل) است. در این سناریو، یک مهاجم یا عامل تهدید، سعی میکند سرور را با بستههای TCP ACK یا دادههای ناخواسته بارگذاری کند تا سرور را از کار بیندازد و سرویس را به کاربران قانونی منع کند. سرور هدف باید هر بسته ACK را پردازش کند، که به قدرت محاسباتی زیادی نیاز دارد و سرعت سرویس را برای کاربران کاهش می دهد.
حملات DDoS سیل acknowledgement معمولاً دستگاه هایی را هدف قرار می دهند که برای پردازش هر بسته دریافتی لازم هستند، مانند فایروال های شبکه و سرورها. دستگاه هایی که هر بسته را پردازش نمی کنند، مانند متعادل کننده های بار، روترها و سوئیچ ها، مستعد این حملات نیستند.
حملات سیل ACK مشکل ساز می شوند زیرا بسته های قانونی و غیرقانونی ACK شبیه به هم به نظر می رسند — اگرچه آنها شامل بخش اصلی بسته داده یا بار نیستند. با این حال، میتوان آنها را با استفاده از یک شبکه تحویل محتوا که بستههای غیرضروری ACK را فیلتر میکند و ترافیک اضافی را به سرورهای دیگر ارسال میکند، متوقف کرد تا از در دسترس نشدن کامل سرور – یا وبسایت جلوگیری کند.
برخی از مهاجمان نیز از حملات SYN-ACK DDoS برای رد سرویس به کاربران استفاده می کنند. ایده اصلی مشابه حملات ACK DDoS است: غرق کردن سرور هدف با بستههای بسیار زیاد و غیرقابل دسترس کردن آن. یک حمله SYN-ACK DDoS شامل سیل کردن هدف با بسته های SYN-ACK است که معمولاً توسط یک سرور در پاسخ به بسته SYN از یک دستگاه مشتری به عنوان بخشی از فرآیند دست دادن سه طرفه TCP ارسال می شود. سیل بسته های SYN-ACK بخشی از دست دادن مشروع نیست. تنها هدف آن مختل کردن عملیات عادی هدف است.
علاوه بر ACK و SYN-ACK، برخی از مهاجمان نیز بستههای SYN را برای ایجاد و اجرای حملات SYN flood DDoS انجام میدهند. جهت اطلاعات بیشتر با ما در تماس باشید.<|endoftext|>EMERGING MODELS IN BIOLOGY
Non-traditional model organisms are key to
answer novel biological questions.
We aim to exploit unique features of various emerging models to experimentally approach unsolved questions in biology. Systems on the rise include, among many others, the axolotl as a model for regeneration, killifish to better understand aging, and choanoflagellates to reconstruct the evolutionary transition from single-celled organisms to multicellular forms of life. Here we provide a platform to showcase the amazing creatures being developed and used to tackle many important but understudied phenomena.
As a community, we use protocols.io – an open access repository – for sharing resources, methods and collaborative working environment.
Why Emerging Models?
Technological advances allow to increase the biodiversity of tractable models for novel insight
into general cell biology, and in the context of ecology and evolution.
Experimental work on models such as E. coli, yeast, Drosophila, C. elegans, Arabidopsis, mouse and cultured mammalian cells have led to remarkable discoveries in molecular biology, development and disease. Large communities of researchers focus on these models because they are convenient to work with, tractable and have many publicly available resources including well-annotated genomes, strain collections and established protocols. However, many central questions in biology have remained unanswered to this day: How do animals survive extreme conditions such as desiccation for years? Or why are some organisms susceptible to cancer but others are not? Today´s standard models are not ideal to answer these and other fascinating biological questions. Moreover, traditional models cover only a limited range of biodiversity and the key to make a leap forward in understanding the evolutionary history of eukaryotic cells and their functional complexity will be to study species at diverse and key phylogenetic positions in the tree of life.
Modern research tools and low-cost genome sequencing has now paved the way to experimentally address novel questions by exploiting unique features of nontraditional models that appeared previously inaccessible to mechanistic analysis. Within a relatively short period of time, a small research community or even a single lab can establish a basic experimental toolkit for any given organism (provided it can be easily grown under laboratory conditions) and important efforts have therefore been to develop the initial genetic
|
8,548 | 2 | 0 |
ma situata in Federazione. Durante la guerra tra le due città è avvenuto un enorme scambio di profughi, in parte 'ricomposto' grazie ai rientri delle minoranze. I due centri giovanili sono stati tra le prime istituzioni delle due città ad avere relazioni, che se ora appaiono per fortuna quasi scontate, nel 1997-1998, quando sono iniziate, non lo erano affatto.
"Per alcuni aspetti la situazione in Bosnia Erzegovina è migliorata molto rapidamente in questi anni" - afferma Mazura - "per altri è ancora totalmente stagnante. Significativi i risultati preliminari di un sondaggio che stiamo promuovendo in questi mesi sull'intero territorio bosniaco. Destinatari i giovani dai 18 ai 28 anni". Mazura allunga un foglio con i primi aggregati dei dati emersi dai questionari. Per ribadire i risultati emersi, ricorda come dalla fine della guerra circa 92.000 giovani hanno lasciato il Paese.
Ed i dati emersi sono senza dubbio preoccupanti. Innanzitutto la dura eredità della guerra: ben il 27% degli intervistati è sfollato, abita cioè ora in un posto dove non abitava prima del conflitto che ha dilaniato la ex-Jugoslavia. Il 7,3% degli intervistati è invece costituito da rientranti, ed il dato, seppur non favorisca certo l'ottimismo, resta significativo. Entrando nel merito della situazione giovanile in BiH, un primo dato sottolinea l'impossibilità per un giovane di garantirsi un'indipendenza dal nucleo famigliare: il 79,8% degli intervistati vive infatti ancora a casa dei genitori. Ed il motivo è presto spiegato: solo il 4,6% degli intervistati ha un lavoro, il 13% ha un lavoro seppur precario, mentre l'81% non ha un lavoro. Preoccupante anche il dato riguardante la percezione dei ragazzi bosniaci rispetto al proprio futuro: il 71% degli intervistati afferma senza esitazioni, che se si presentasse l'occasione, abbandonerebbe la BiH.
Dato che conferma quello emerso da una ricerca effettuata dall' OSCE in Republika Srpska un anno fa. Secondo quell'indagine infatti, il 70% degli studenti delle scuole superiori interpellati era pronto ad abbandonare la Republika Srpska perché temeva, restando, di non poter soddisfare i propri bisogni e aspirazioni. Emerge poi tra i giovani un diffuso malcontento nei confronti dell'operato delle istituzioni: il 55% non è soddisfatti dell'operato della polizia, il 60% per quello delle amministrazioni locali, il 57% non ha fiducia nel sistema giudiziario ed infine massima la sfiducia nell'operato delle istituzioni statali: 69% degli intervistati.
"I primi risultati emersi sono certamente desolanti" - conferma Mazura - "ma per ricostruire la Bosnia occorre ripartire dai giovani", e con orgoglio, seppur mitigato da un pizzico di tristezza, ci accompagna a visitare in quest'anomala 'Dom Pensijonera' tutti i progetti avviati in questi anni dal centro giovanile 'Il Faro'.<|endoftext|>ABD'den Kızılderili kabilesine dev tazminat
ABD yönetimi, Kızılderili kabilesi Navajolarla vardığı anlaşma kapsamında, topraklarının kötü kullanıldığı suçlamasıyla yönetime karşı dava yürüten kabileye 554 milyon dolarlık tazminat ödemeyi kabul etti.
Bu, ABD'nin bugüne kadar bir yerli kabileye ödediği en büyük miktar.
Kabile ABD yönetimini, topraklarındaki doğal kaynakları kötü yönetmekle suçluyordu.
Bu suçlama 50 yıldan daha öncesine kadar uzanan dönemdeki uygulamaları kapsıyor.
Kabile, varılan anlaşmayla açtığı davadan vazgeçti.
ABD daha önce de Kızılderili kabileleriyle toprakları ve ürünlerinin kullanımı konusunda çeşitli anlaşmalara varmıştı.
ABD'nin en büyük yerli kabilesi olan Navajoların yaklaşık 300 bin üyesi var.
Kabilenin elinde bulunan yaklaşık 5,7 milyon hektarlık alan; tarım, madencilik ve petrol ile doğal gaz üretimi amacıyla ABD yönetimine kiraya verilmişti.
Navajo Ulusu Başkanı Ben Shelly anlaşmayı, 'kabilenin egemenliği açısından zafer' olarak değerlendirdi.
Shelly, 'bunun uzun ve zorlu bir süreç sonunda kazanıldığını' söyledi.
Navajo kabilesi, bu anlaşmanın, kabilenin ABD yönetimini gelecekteki uygulamalarıyla ilgili ya da ayrıca su ve uranyum kirliliğiyle ilgili muhtemel taleplerle dava etmekten alıkoymayacağını söylüyor.
ABD Adalet Bakanı Eric Holder, anlaşmayı 'tarihi' olarak değerlendirdi ve 'ABD ve Navajolar arasındaki uzun süren anlaşmazlığı çözüme kavuşturduğunu' söyledi.
2012 yılında ABD, 42 Kızılderili kabilesiyle benzer şekilde anlaşmaya varmış, bunun karşılığında toplamda yaklaşık 1 milyar dolar ödeme yapmıştı.<|endoftext|>0371-69069100
一、产品用途：
绿色木霉菌对多种重要植物病原真菌有拮抗作用，防治范围很广泛，有着广阔的应用前景。用于防治炭疽病、根腐病、灰霉病、立枯病、腐霉病、猝倒病、枯萎病等土传病害。广泛应用于腐熟剂、生物有机肥、微生物菌剂、生物农药、土壤改良剂等。对于防止植物真菌病害、促进农业生产具有重要意义。
二、产品功效：
1、拮抗机制：绿色木霉菌生命力强、生长快，能迅速地占领空间，吸收营养，主要为对生存空间和营养的竞争。在代谢过程中可以产生拮抗性化学物质来毒害植物病原真菌，这些物质包括抗生素和一些酶类。
2、寄生作用：在绿色木霉菌与病原菌互作的过程中，寄主菌丝分泌一些物质使绿色木霉菌趋向寄主真菌生长，一旦寄主被绿色木霉菌寄生物所识别，就会建立寄生关系。
3、诱导抗性：木霉菌可以诱导寄主植物产生防御反应，不仅能直接控制灰葡萄孢的生长和繁殖，而且能诱导作物产生自我防御系统获得抗病性。
4、防御反应：绿色木霉菌产生的蛋白酶能使消解植物细胞壁的病原菌降解，直接控制病原菌萌发，使病原菌的酶钝化，阻止病原菌侵入植物细胞。
三、 产品指标汲用法用量：
有效活菌数为20亿/克。
1、 拌种或浸种：将绿色木霉粉稀释200倍，浸种2小时后播种，或者播种前每千克种子用10g菌粉拌种后直播。
2、根部处理：移栽前，以绿色木霉粉500倍液浸根30分钟，然后定值；移栽后，可用500倍液灌根。
3、制作微生物肥：将1公斤绿色木霉粉加入1000公斤有机肥中，作为生物肥料使用。
四、生物菌发酵剂注意事项：
1、本品为活的微生物制剂，应密闭阴凉避光保存。
2、禁止与抗生素、杀虫剂、杀菌剂、消毒剂、强酸强碱类产品混合使用。<|endoftext|>超市塑料袋禁令正式在这里，澳大利亚厨房，茶水间和汽车靴充满了坚硬的红色，绿色和白色袋子。
卷起，蜷缩，折叠或系在一起结，没有人完全知道如何处理这些袋子，在拯救地球的同时，正在破坏我们的理智。
一位女士向Facebook小组寻求帮助，询问有关驯服她疯狂收集塑料袋的建议。“我只折叠了56袋，我不知道如何存放(他们)所以他们不会混淆，”她写道。
改变生活习惯很难，所以为了换用可重复使用的塑料袋，家里现有的袋子很容易被遗忘。人们很容易想到：“为什么不把额外的15美分花在一个新的包上，而不是跑回家去拿我忘记的那个?”
来自全国各地的人们都在考虑存放杂货袋，忘记带他们去购物，或者在你回家时绊倒他们。
滚动他们
这可能是包存储最具创意的想法。
想象一下从旧的回收容器内部连续分配的一卷袋子 - 类似于纸巾盒。
通过将购物袋折叠并重叠成大卷，然后将其放入诸如牛奶盒等容器中，您可以随时轻松地分配塑料袋。虽然许多人将这个方便的手段描述为“天才”，但其他人声称，当他们有一个非常好的抽屉来塞进他们时，要走很多麻烦。
一位用户写道：“我把它们全部放入一个袋子中，老实说，我没有耐心或时间与它们做任何其他事情。”
折叠和散布他们
一些评论者建议将可重复使用的包装袋装在不同的地方，“这样你就不会被抓出来”。
“我把一些放在车里，有些放在我的前门，有些放在房子里，”一位人士写道。“那样我永远不会忘记。”
另一个人创造了一个方便的分步指南，将她的购物袋折叠成微小的紧凑三角形，这些三角形很容易藏在任何地方。
“这是我的方法。我将它们存放在一个大的面包箱里，那里大约有50个，“她说。“而且它们足够小，可以在你的手提包中弹出一些。”其他人建议使用铅笔盒存放紧密卷起的袋子，然后将它们滑入不同的汽车，房间，抽屉或手提包。
“他们装得非常漂亮，看起来很棒，”这位女士说。
一位实用的购物者说他做了同样的事情。
“所以我在几个地方藏起来，所以我不会被抓住。我把一些放在我的车里，有些只是在我的前门和一些在房子里。这样我永远不会忘记，“他说。
偷走他们
拥有一个专用的行李箱区域也可以让您在购物之前需要少量货物时更容易找到它们。
一名妇女声称她把行李藏在价值39美元的Kmart脚凳内，内置存储容量。
“我使用来自凯马特的这个存储奥斯曼，把我所有的行李放在里面，”她说。平板和堆叠它们
这个提示适用于所有那些整洁的怪物。
将您的行李折叠成四分之一宽度和四分之一长度，将它们弄平并将它们插入一个细长的长篮子中。
“这就是我保持整洁的方式......当我去购物时，我只是从容器中取出一些东西，”一位女士建议道。
只需几美元，凯马特就会出售这些小型储物桶，以便开启。人们喜欢创建购物袋文件系统的想法，并说他们热衷于尝试。
“我不知道折叠购物袋是件事。我只是蜷缩在一个袋子里，留在车里，“一位女士写道。
另一位女士说她在这个简单的盖子容器中叠加“超过100”。
“我在汽车里存放了十几个，如果有任何损坏，我会更换它们，”她写道。
郑重声明：本文版权归原作者所有，转载文章仅为传播更多信息之目的，如作者信息标记有误，请第一时间联系我们修改或删除，多谢。<|endoftext|>رولکس Rolex SA کمپانی طراحی و تولید ساعت سوئیسی است که در بریتانیا تأسیس شده و در ژنو، سوئیس مستقر است. این شرکت که در سال 1905 با نام ویلسدورف اند دیویس (Wilsdorf and Davis) توسط هانس ویلسدورف و آلفرد دیویس در لندن تأسیس شد، Rolex را به عنوان نام تجاری ساعت های خود در سال 1908 ثبت کرد و در سال 1915 به Rolex Watch Co. Ltd تبدیل شد.
به گزارش کاماپرس به نقل از فروشگاه اینترنتی بی واچ، پس از جنگ جهانی اول، این شرکت به دلیل اقتصاد نامطلوب در انگلستان، پایگاه عملیات خود را به ژنو منتقل کرد. در سال 1920، Hans Wilsdorf شرکت Montres Rolex SA را در ژنو به عنوان نام شرکت جدید ثبت کرد (montre به معنای ساعت مچی فرانسوی است) که بعداً رولکس SA شد. از سال 1960، این شرکت تحت مالکیت بنیاد هانس ویلسدورف، یک تراست خانوادگی خصوصی است.
Rolex SA و شرکت تابعه آن Montres Tudor SA ساعتهای مچی را طراحی، تولید، توزیع و سرویس میکنند که تحت برندهای Rolex و Tudor فروخته میشوند. هم اکنون میتوانید جهت خرید انواع مدل ساعت رولکس از فروشگاه اینترنتی بی واچ اقدام نمایید.
تاریخچه برند رولکس
آلفرد دیویس و برادر همسرش هانس ویلسدورف در سال 1905 Wilsdorf and Davis را تأسیس کردند، شرکتی که در نهایت تبدیل به Rolex SA شد. در جعبه های ساعت ساخته شده توسط دنیسون و دیگران. این ساعتهای مچی اولیه به بسیاری از جواهراتفروشان فروخته میشد که سپس نام خود را روی صفحه قرار دادند. اولین ساعتهای ویلسدورف و دیویس معمولاً با علامت “W&D” در داخل قاب مشخص میشدند.
در سال 1908، ویلسدورف علامت تجاری “Rolex” را به ثبت رساند، که نام تجاری ساعت مچی Wilsdorf و Davis شد. او دفتری را در La Chaux-de-Fonds، سوئیس افتتاح کرد. ویلسدورف میخواست نام برند به راحتی به هر زبانی تلفظ شود و به اندازهای کوتاه باشد که روی صفحه ساعت قرار بگیرد.
در نوامبر 1915، شرکت نام خود را به Rolex Watch Co. Ltd تغییر داد. در سال 1919، هانس ویلسدورف شرکت را از انگلستان به ژنو، سوئیس منتقل کرد، زیرا مالیاتهای سنگین پس از جنگ بر واردات کالاهای لوکس و عوارض بالای صادرات نقره و نقره اعمال شد. طلایی که برای قاب ساعت استفاده می شود. در سال 1920 نام شرکت رسما به Montres Rolex SA و بعداً به Rolex SA تغییر یافت.
با توجه به نگرانی های اداری، ویلسدورف توجه شرکت را به یک چالش بازاریابی معطوف کرد: نفوذ گرد و غبار و رطوبت در زیر صفحه و تاج، که به حرکت آسیب رساند. برای رفع این مشکل، در سال 1926 یک کیس ساز شخص ثالث یک ساعت مچی ضد آب و ضد گرد و غبار برای رولکس تولید کرد و نام “Oyster” را به آن داد. حق ثبت اختراع اصلی منسوب به Paul Perregaux و Georges Peret که به ساعت اجازه میداد تا با حفظ محافظت در برابر نفوذ آب، تنظیم شود، توسط Rolex خریداری شد – نه اختراع شده – و به شدت به بازار عرضه شد. این ساعت دارای یک محفظه مهر و موم شده بود که محافظت بهینه را برای حرکت فراهم می کرد.
به عنوان نمونه، رولکس مدلهای Oyster را در آکواریومها غوطهور کرد و آنها را در پنجرههای مراکز فروش اصلی خود به نمایش گذاشت. در سال 1927، مرسدس گلیتز، شناگر بریتانیایی، کانال مانش را با صدف روی گردنبندش شنا کرد و اولین سفیر رولکس شد. برای جشن گرفتن این شاهکار، رولکس یک آگهی تمام صفحه در صفحه اول دیلی میل برای هر شماره برای یک ماه کامل منتشر کرد و موفقیت ساعت را در طول ده ساعت شنا به اضافه اعلام کرد.
خرید انواع ساعت مچی در برند های مختلف از سایت بی واچ، خرید ساعت پتک فیلیپ از فروشگاه تخصصی ساعت مچی بی واچ به آدرس BiWatch.IR.
در سال 1931، رولکس یک مکانیزم خود سیم پیچی به نام روتور دائمی را به ثبت رساند، صفحه ای نیمه دایره ای که برای حرکت آزادانه به گرانش متکی است. به نوبه خود ساعت Oyster با نام Oyster Perpetual شناخته شد.
پس از مرگ همسرش در سال 1944، ویلسدورف بنیاد هانس ویلسدورف را تأسیس کرد، که در آن تمام سهام رولکس خود را قرار داد و اطمینان حاصل کرد که بخشی از درآمد شرکت صرف امور خیریه می شود.
برند ساعت مچی تودور
Rolex SA محصولاتی را تحت برندهای Rolex و Tudor ارائه می دهد. Montres Tudor SA از 6 مارس 1946 ساعتهای Tudor را طراحی، تولید و به بازار عرضه کرده است. بنیانگذار رولکس، هانس ویلسدورف، تودور را تصور کرد تا محصولی را برای فروشندگان مجاز رولکس ایجاد کند که قابلیت اطمینان و اطمینان رولکس را ارائه میدهد، اما با قیمت پایینتر. تعداد ساعتهای رولکس با سرعتی که میتوانستند حرکات رولکس داخلی تولید کنند، محدود بود، بنابراین ساعتهای تودور در ابتدا به حرکتهای خارج از قفسه مجهز میشدند در حالی که از قابها و دستبندهایی با کیفیت مشابه استفاده
|
8,548 | 2 | 1 |
ve prova tesisindeki pişirme işlemlerinin tam mekanizasyonunu sağlar - pişirme. Prova fırın ünitesi P6-XPM (Şekil 3.31), bir otomatik kesici 7, bir prova konveyör dolabı 2 ve ortak bir zincir tarafından birleştirilen bir fırın 4'ten oluşur [...]
Özel ekmek ürünleri çeşitleri, kuzu ve kraker, zencefilli kurabiye, ekmek çubukları, payet vb. İçerir. Bu ürünlerin üretiminin karmaşıklığı, kural olarak, kitle ekmek çeşitlerinin üretimine kıyasla 3 ... 5 kat daha yüksektir. Bu, daha karmaşık bir teknolojik üretim şemasından ve yetersiz mekanizasyon seviyesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Üretim hatlarının bileşimi ve düzenindeki ana fark [...]
Pasta ve basit kraker üretiminin mekanizasyonu için, krakerlerin kalıplanması ve kesilmesi için özel makineler kullanılır.
Ekmek kraker üretimi için makineler. Ekmek krakerleri, yenmeye hazır bir ürün olan yeni bir kahvaltılık gevrek türüdür. Kırıntılardan yapılırlar
En kısa raf ömrüne sahip en büyük gıda yükü olan ekmek, sıkı sıhhi rejimler gerektirir, özellikle fırınlamadan sonraki ilk saatlerde mekanik streslere zayıf dayanır. Bunu akılda tutarak, taşıma ve depolama işlemlerine önemli bir rol verilmelidir. Bununla birlikte, ana üretimin mekanizasyon seviyesine kıyasla, bitmiş ürünlerle taşıma ve depolama operasyonlarının mekanizasyonu önemli ölçüde geridedir, ancak% 10 ... 15'e ulaşır. [...]
Ayırma tablosundan ekmek ürünleri tepsiye veya trayless kaplara gönderilir. Tepsi kapları için, üç veya dört taraflı tepsiler, kafesli (çavdar, çavdar-buğday, şekilli ve ocak çeşitleri için) veya katı (somunlar, rulolar, kekler için) tabanla kullanılır. Şu anda, oldukça hafif ve sıhhi tedaviye uygun plastik tepsiler yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.
Presler, dağıtıcıların tasarımına, yoğurma makinesindeki odaların sayısına ve konumlarına, presleme burgularının sayısına, presleme kafalarının tasarımına, kalıpların şekline ve tahliye yerine göre farklılık gösterir.
LPSh-500 tuşuna basın. LPSh-500 vidalı makarna presinin ana bileşenleri bir dozlama cihazı, bir tahrikli üç odalı bir karıştırma makinesi, bir tahrikli bir presleme kasası, bir kalıp değiştirme mekanizmalı yuvarlak bir matris için bir presleme kafası ve bir üfleyicidir. Bu düğümlerin hepsi dört destek üzerine monte edilmiş metal bir çerçeveye monte edilmiştir. Şek. 4.3 bu basının bir diyagramıdır.
Matrisler, LS59-1 pirinç (GOST 15527 - 70), BrAZh9-4l katı fosfor bronz ve 1X18H9T paslanmaz çelik (GOST 5949 - 75) gibi dayanıklı korozyona dayanıklı malzemelerden yapılmıştır. Paslanmaz çeliğin yokluğunda, 2X13 ve 3X13 kalitelerinin daha az kıt krom çeliği ile değiştirilir (GOST 5949 - 75).
Makarna preslerinin bakımı, aşağıdaki operasyonel önlemlerin listesini içerir: iş için presin hazırlanması, çalıştırma ve çalıştırma moduna çıkış, çalıştırma kuralları ve güvenli çalıştırma modu. Basın iş için hazırlamak için gereklidir:
Bir turnikeden karamel oluşturmak için aşağıdaki ana şekillendirme makinesi çeşitleri kullanılır: “yastık” şeklinde bir karamel oluşturmak için zincir karamel koruyucu makineler;
Eski zamanlardan beri insanlar beslenmenin sağlık için büyük önemini anlamışlardır. Antik Hipokrat, Celsus, Galen ve diğerleri düşünürleri, çeşitli gıda türlerinin iyileştirici özelliklerine ve rasyonel tüketimine yönelik tüm tedavileri adadılar. Doğu'nun seçkin bir bilim adamı olan Abu Ali Ibn Sina (Avicenna), yiyecekleri sağlık, güç, canlılık kaynağı olarak gördü. II Mechnikov insanların erken yaş ve bağlantılı olarak öldüğüne inanıyordu [...]
Gofretler - ince gözenekli tabakalara sahip, un dolgulu veya dolgusuz olarak yapılan unlu şekerleme ürünleri.
Zencefilli kurabiye - çeşitli baharatlar ve önemli miktarda şeker maddesi içeren, dışbükey bir yüzeye sahip çeşitli şekillerde un şekerleme. Zencefilli kurabiye, çoğunlukla meyve dolgusu veya reçeli ile karıştırılmış zencefilli kurabiye, dikdörtgen düz şekilli zencefilli kurabiye hamurundan pişirilmiş yarı mamul bir üründür.
Haşlanmış mısır seviyorum! Her zaman tuzlu suda ve daha uzun süre pişirilmesi gerektiğini düşündüm, böylece tahıllar yumuşar ... Ortaya çıktığı gibi, gerçeklerden çok uzaktım! Sulu, yumuşak, tatlı ve alışılmadık derecede sağlıklı mısırın tadını çıkarmak için, pişirirken tavaya 2 basit bileşen eklemek yeterlidir. Sonuç tüm beklentileri aşıyor: Şimdiye kadar denediğim en iyisi! Nasıl pişirilir [...]
Yumuşak hamur ve küçük bisküvi kurabiyeleri Yüksek yağlı tereyağı bisküvi grubunun tipik üyeleri, bazı Danimarka tereyağlı kurabiyeler, Viyana sarmalları ve Spritz'dir. Jigging için yeterince yumuşak tereyağı hamuruna zayıf yapılandırılmış hamur denir. Ürünler tel kesme karaciğerine benzer şekilde ekstrüzyonla oluşturulur (ve genellikle aynı makinede), [...]
(parti makinelerini devirerek) Üretim aşağıdaki işlemlerden oluşur: hammaddelerin hazırlanması; elma pektini ve sodyum laktat (sodyum sitrat) ilavesiyle zenginleştirilmiş elma sosu yapmak; elma-pektin karışımının şeker ve protein ile çalkalanması; şeker şurubunun hazırlanması; dövülmüş elma şekeri kütlesinin sıcak şurup ve şurup ile karıştırılması, asit, aromatik ve lezzet verici maddelerin ilavesiyle karıştırılması; döküm (oturma) [...]
Peletleme, döner yüzeyler (şablon yöntemi kullanılarak) kullanılarak çikolata veya şeker katmanlarının sırayla uygulanması için özel bir işlemdir. Şeker panning, bu kitabın farklı bölümlerinde tartışılmıştır ve aşağıda sadece çikolata panning'i ele alacağız. Çikolata genellikle fındık dövmek için kullanılır (badem, fındık ve fıstık genellikle ilk önce kavrulur, ancak Brezilya fıstığı değil). Dolgu da kullanıldığı için [...]
Burada, sert sakızdan yumuşak jöleli tatlılara kadar çeşitli ürünler içeren geniş bir şekerleme ürünü grubunu düşünüyoruz ve bu gruptaki her ürünün özellikleri esas olarak jelleştirici madde ve nem içeriği ile belirlenir.
A. UN GALERİ I SINIFLI TARİF “MOD” bisküvi (obez için)
JELLYING ÜRÜNLERİ Şekerleme ürünlerinin kalitesini artırmak için baharat, şarap ve çeşniler kullanılır. Çok küçük miktarlarda kullanılırlar, çünkü aksi takdirde ürünlerin tadını bozabilir ve karakteristik kokusunu bozabilirsiniz. Baharatlar. Baharatlar kurutulmuş meyvelerdir. çiçekler, meyveler, kökler, tohumlar ve çeşitli kokulu bitkilerin kabuğu. Kullanmadan önce kuru baharatlar 50-60 ° C'de kurutulur ve [...]
Kekler, turtalar, turtalar, turtalar, tavuk eti ve diğer un mutfak ürünleri et, sakatat, balık, sebze, mantar, tahıl, yumurta vb. Çeşitli dolgularla hazırlanır. Kıyma, bir kesici kullanılarak ezilen et veya sakatattan hazırlanır. veya bir kıyma makinesinden geçin. Bazen et veya sakatat önce küçük parçalara kesilir, kızartılır ve daha sonra ezilir. [...]
Kakao çekirdeği işleme, temizleme ve ayıklama, kavurma ve ezme gibi işlemlerden oluşur. Fabrika depolarına gelen kakao çekirdekleri ilk olarak toz, çakıl, çuval bezi lifi, kağıt vb. Şeklinde safsızlıklardan temizlenir ve eşit kavrulmuş kakao çekirdekleri elde etmek için boyuta göre sıralanır *. Temizlik ve ayıklamadan sonra, kakao çekirdekleri kızartılır ve öğütücüye beslenir. Ekipmanlar için [...]
KRAKERLER (kuru kurabiyeler)
TARİFLER
"ZOOLOJİK" Çerezler
ÇAY Bisküvileri<|endoftext|>● ماریا تیورینا تصویرگری تواناست که پروژه های کاری او شامل چاپ کتاب کودکان، تبلیغات، تصویرسازی و و هنر مفهومی می شود. او ساکن لندن است که با برخی از شرکت ها بزرگ نیز همکاری داشته است.
● بر روی بدنه ی این فندک، یکی از نقاشی های این هنرمند بزرگ با استفاده از تکنیک 540 کالر چاپ شده است که خود او این اثر را “قصیده ای آبرنگی برای اضطراب” توصیف می کند.<|endoftext|>از امروز تا پايان زمستان در سراسر فرانسه ۱۹۰۰ مرکز توزيع غذای رايگان با عنوان «رستورانهای محبت» بارديگر داير شدند تا همانگونه که شعار موسس آن بود «در فرانسه کسی از گرسنگی جان نبازد.»
۴۸ هزار داوطلب در مهمترين نقاط فرانسه روز يکبار سه وعده غذای رايگان را در اختيار درخواست کنندگان قرار می دهند.<|endoftext|>نرگس محمدی، فعال مدنی و زندانی سیاسی محبوس در زندان اوین، در پروندهای که در دوران حبس علیه او گشوده شد، با حکم دادگاه انقلاب تهران به یک سال حبس تعزیزی محکوم شد
بر اساس گزارش حساب اینستاگرام نرگس محمدی، او با این محکومیت جدید، در مجموع به ۱۰ سال و ۹ ماه زندان تعزیزی و ۱۵۴ ضربه شلاق تعزیزی محکوم شده است.
نرگس محمدی در پروندهسازی جدید، به «تبلیغ علیه نظام از طریق دادن بیانیه از داخل زندان» متهم شده است.
او پیشتر در بیانیهای به «تعرض و اذیت و آزار جنسی زنان» در بازداشتگاهها و محل بازداشت، اعتراض کرده و نامهای خطاب به جاوید رحمان، گزارشگر حقوق بشر سازمان ملل نوشت و مقالهای تحت این عنوان در بیبیسی جهانی منتشر کرد.
در حساب اینستاگرامی محمدی آمده است: «این پرونده یکی از ۵ پرونده مطروحه علیه او در دادسرای امنیت اوین است که در شعبه ۲۹ دادگاه انقلاب به ریاست قاضی مظلوم مورد رسیدگی قرار گرفت و محمدی با اعلام اینکه جمهوری اسلامی و دادگاه های نمایشی و فریبکارانه را به رسمیت نمی شناسد حاضر به شرکت در آن نشد.»
همچنین بر أساس این گزارش، این رای بدوی در بند زنان زندان اوین به او ابلاغ شده و محمدی آن را امضا نکرده است.
انتشار یک نامه از داخل زندان توسط خانم محمدی، از مصادیق اتهامات مطروحه علیه وی عنوان شده است.
خانم محمدی در این نامه با شرح چند روایت، از تعرض جنسی به زنان بازداشتی توسط ماموران امنیتی در مراحل بازداشت و بازجویی، خبر داده بود.
نرگس محمدی در مهر سال ۹۹، پس از تحمل حدود ۵ سال و نیم حبس از زندان زنجان آزاد شد، اما پس از مدتی در خصوص پروندهای که در طول تحمل دوران حبس علیه وی گشوده شد، توسط شعبه ۱۱۷۷ دادگاه کیفری دو مجتمع قضایی قدس تهران به ۳۰ ماه حبس تعزیری، ۸۰ ضربه شلاق و پرداخت دو فقره جزای نقدی محکوم شد.
خانم محمدی در آبانماه ۱۴۰۰، در جریان برگزاری مراسم یادبود دومین سالگرد جانباختن ابراهیم کتابدار، از جانباختگان اعتراضات آبان ۹۸ توسط نیروهای امنیتی در کرج بازداشت شد و پس از مدتی توسط شعبه ۲۶ دادگاه انقلاب تهران به هشت سال حبس تعزیری، هفتاد و چهار ضربه شلاق، دو سال تبعید و سایر محرومیتهای اجتماعی محکوم شد.
خانم محمدی بابت پرونده دیگری که در دوران حبس علیه وی گشوده شده، در مهر ماه سال ۱۴۰۱ توسط شعبه ۲۶ دادگاه انقلاب تهران به یک سال و سه ماه حبس تعزیری به همراه سایر مجازتهای تکمیلی محکوم شد.<|endoftext|>What is coordinated watershed planning?
Watershed planning is a locally-driven mechanism for voluntarily addressing complex water quality problems that cross multiple jurisdictions. The goal is to protect unimpaired waterbodies from pollution threats and restore impaired, polluted waterbodies. The Texas Integrated Report for Clean Water Act §§ 305(b) and 303(d) provides an assessment of water quality in Texas. Watershed planning serves as a tool to better leverage the resources of local governments, state and federal agencies, and non-governmental organizations. The planning process integrates activities and prioritizes implementation projects based upon technical merit and benefits to the community, promotes a unified approach to seeking funding for implementation, and creates a coordinated public communication and education program. This approach to watershed management recognizes that solutions to water quality issues must be socially acceptable, economically bearable, and based on environmental goals.
thelton [at] tsswcb [dot] texas [dot] gov
254-773-2250 ext. 234
mconine [at] tsswcb [dot] texas [dot] gov
254-773-2250 ext. 233
bkoch [at] tsswcb [dot] texas [dot] gov
What is a Watershed Protection Plan?
A Watershed Protection Plan (WPP) is a coordinated framework for implementing prioritized and integrated water quality protection and restoration strategies driven by environmental objectives. Through the watershed planning process, the State of Texas encourages stakeholders to develop WPPs that holistically address all of the sources and causes of impairments and threats to both surface and ground water resources within a watershed. Developed and implemented through diverse, well integrated partnerships, a WPP assures the long-term health of the watershed. Adaptive management is used to modify the WPP based on an on-going science-based process that involves monitoring and evaluating strategies and incorporating new knowledge into decision-making.
TSSWCB-sponsored WPPs are consistent with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Guidelines. These guidelines describe nine elements fundamental to a potentially successful WPP:
1. Identification of the causes that will need to be controlled to achieve the load reductions described in (b)
2. Estimate of the load reductions expected for the management measures described in (c)
3. Description of management measures that will need to be implemented to achieve the load reductions described in (b)
4. Estimate of technical and financial assistance needed to implement this plan
5. Information/education component that will be used to enhance public understanding of this plan
6. Schedule for implementing management measures described in (c)
7. Description of interim, measurable milestones for determining whether management measures described in (c) are being implemented
8. Set of criteria that can be used to determine whether load reductions described in (b) are being achieved
9. Water quality monitoring component to evaluate effectiveness of implementation measured against the established criteria described in (h)
The TSSWCB and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) provide technical and financial assistance to stakeholder groups to develop and implement WPPs.
Programs for Developing WPPs
Texas Watershed Steward Program
To support the growth of stakeholder involvement in watershed planning, the Texas Watershed Steward Program (TWS) was initiated to provide science-based, watershed education to help citizens identify and take action to address local water quality issues. Texas Watershed Stewards learn about the nature and function of watersheds, potential impairments, and strategies for watershed protection. TWS is a one-day training program designed to increase citizen understanding of watershed processes and foster increased local participation in watershed management activities across the state. The program is tailored to and delivered in target watersheds undergoing WPP development and implementation. Online TWS training materials are also available enabling more flexible and widespread access to the program. TWS was developed and is delivered by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service with funding from TSSWCB and EPA.
Watershed Planning Short Course
Proper training of watershed coordinators and other water resource professionals is needed to ensure that WPPs are adequately planned, coordinated and implemented. The Watershed Planning Short Course provides this needed training and promotes sustainable proactive approaches to managing water quality throughout the state. This week long course provides participants with guidance on stakeholder coordination, education, and outreach; satisfying EPA's nine elements of a WPP; data collection and analysis; and the tools available for plan development. The Watershed Planning Short Course was developed through a coordinated effort led by the Texas Water Resources Institute and funded by EPA and TCEQ.
Texas Watershed Coordinator Roundtable
The Texas Watershed Coordinator Roundtable is held bi-annually, to provide a forum for establishing and maintaining dialogue between watershed coordinators and other water resource professionals, facilitate interactive solutions to common watershed issues faced throughout the state, and add to the fundamental knowledge conveyed at the Watershed Planning Short Course. Roundtables are co-sponsored by TCEQ and TSSWCB and facilitated by the Texas Water Resources Institute.
Consistency Review of WPPs in Texas
EPA Region 6 has developed an internal Review
|
8,548 | 2 | 2 |
ondere il virus e i benefici della chiusura della scuola saranno notevolmente ridotti, se non negati.
Costi economici e sociali
Nel prendere decisioni, i funzionari sanitari e le autorità scolastiche devono essere consapevoli dei costi economici e sociali che possono essere sproporzionatamente elevati se considerati a fronte di questi potenziali benefici.
Il principale costo economico deriva dall’assenteismo di genitori che lavorano e che devono restare a casa per prendersi cura dei propri figli. Gli studi stimano che le chiusure scolastiche possono portare all’assenza del 16% della forza lavoro, oltre ai normali livelli di assenteismo dovuti a malattia. Tali stime, tuttavia, varieranno considerevolmente da un paese all’altro in base a diversi fattori, inclusa la struttura della forza lavoro.
Paradossalmente, mentre la chiusura della scuola può ridurre il picco della domanda di assistenza ai sistemi di assistenza sanitaria, può anche interrompere la fornitura di assistenza sanitaria essenziale, poiché molti medici e infermieri sono genitori di bambini in età scolare.
Le decisioni devono anche considerare le questioni relative al benessere sociale. La salute e il benessere dei bambini possono essere compromessi se i programmi sociali a base scolastica altamente utili, come la fornitura di pasti, vengono interrotti o se i bambini piccoli vengono lasciati a casa senza supervisione.
Scarica il documento in PDF<|endoftext|>A battle is brewing in Fort Ann, Washington County. Troy Topsoil has purchased part of Battle Hill, the site of the Revolutionary War Battle of Fort Anne. The company hopes to mine the battlefield, where an estimated 100 to 200 men were killed, wounded, or captured.
A group of historians and volunteers has planned a day of events to highlight the history of the Battle of Fort Anne, including an afternoon roundtable discussion on the current threat to the battlefield this Saturday, April 28th at Fort Ann Central School.
“This place has remained undisturbed for over 235 years, then Troy [Topsoil] obtained the property and has cleared out trees, built roads, installed culverts and drilled wells, in order to operate a sand and gravel pit,” Fort Ann Town Historian Virginia Parrott, who opposes the project, told me, “To most people in town including the Fort Ann American Legion Post 703, this is a desecration of sacred ground as people have fought and died here in the name of freedom, and are buried on Battle Hill.” [You can read more about the history of Battle Hill here].
“That whole hill is a battle site,” Parrott had previously told the Glens Falls Post-Star. “There was thousands of troops there. We’re not talking about a little group of soldiers … like Roger’s Rangers that went out with 10 or 12 people. We’re talking about Burgoyne’s entire army.”
Anthony Grande, speaking for the mining company, said an archaeologist report commissioned by his company showed no one was buried in the area targeted for the open pit mine. “The battlefield is south of me where there is an issue,” Grande told the Post-Star. “It’s definitely south of there, probably 3,000 to 4,000 feet. I’m not exactly sure.” The company is seeking to open a 30 to 40-acre mine on Battle Hill.
Several historic sources report that at least six men are buried at Battle Hill according to Parrott, who has been town historian since 1975. The site has never been listed on state or national registers of historic places, although the Town of Fort Anne installed a plaque at the site in 1929 and the American Legion places flowers on one of the graves each year. The lack of established protection for important American battlefields is common. “Of the nation’s 243 Revolutionary War and War of 1812 battlefields, 141 have been severely impaired or destroyed” a recent report by the Department of Interior’s American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP) concluded (2007).
Battle Hill was classified as a Principal Battlefield, Priority 2, Class C site in that report, meaning that it was home to a “nationally significant event” and the “site of a military or naval action that influenced the strategy, direction, or outcome of a campaign or other operation.” Furthermore, the report found that “The endangered Class C sites in this category should be the focus of immediate and direct preservation measures by state and local governments and organizations. These sites may not survive without immediate intervention.”
Tanya Grossett, surveyed the battlefield in 2001 for that report and concluded, with help of Jim Warren of NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation and Chris Martin of NYS Archives and Records Administration, that the quarry does fall within the core of the battlefield. Paul Hawke, director of the American Battlefield Protection Program concurred with that finding after a tour of the site last Tuesday.
The land is owned by Gino Vona. According to a story last week in Post-Star, “Vona said he’s offered to donate a small sliver of the site, about 20 or 30 acres, for preservation and he questions whether stalling a project that could create jobs, for the sake of historic preservation, is an appropriate governmental move.”
“These men fought against the king who was taking their things. Many of them were just regular, hard-working people,” Vona told Post-Star reporter Jon Alexander, “Aren’t we talking about doing the same thing?”
The company had applied for a permit to mine the location in August 2009 which did not include a state Historic Preservation Office review and was denied. The company submitted a new application at the end of 2011. The public will be able to comment on the project officially after the application is ruled complete by the NYS Department of Conservation.
The event on Saturday is sponsored by the Washington County Historical Society and will feature Author Karl Crannell, Fort Ticonderoga Chris Fox, Kingsbury historian Paul Loding, and Matt Zembo from Hudson Valley Community College.
The event will begin run from 11 am to 4 pm. There will be a memorial service at Noon; the roundtable discussion will follow at 1 pm at the Fort Ann Central School Auditorium.<|endoftext|>Till today the Dalit community is treated as the ‘waste absorbers’ of Indian society, and experience challenges in accessing rights, entitlements, and opportunities in every sphere of life. The paper is an attempt to put forth the demand for right to sanitation from the perspective of the Dalit community. A holistic right to sanitation cannot be achieved unless there is complete eradication of caste based discrimination and attitudinal changes of the people, along with strict enforcement of the manual scavenging law.
In most societies, women are key managers, promoters, educators and leaders of home and community-based sanitation practices. However, women and young girls are the most affected when adequate WASH services are not accessible. They are highly vulnerable to health problems. The author highlights the sanitation issues young girls’ face in schools, which indirectly affects their education; the under-representation of women in decision-making bodies and the struggle women face to lead a life with dignity and safety. The paper is an attempt to bring forward the perspective of gender in acquiring right to sanitation.
The document is a brief statement of the position of the right to sanitation campaign, which aims to fulfil the internationally self-declared obligation of Government of India to ensure a right to sanitation for all those who reside in India. The campaign believes that sanitation should not be limited to the provision of toilets for an open-defecation country, but to build up a holistic understanding of the sanitation practices, that takes into account the dignity and safety of all sections of the society.
The paper is set in the urban context, wherein a major social group, the City Makers (landless labourers), continues to lag behind in all indicators of social development. They represent a large segment of the urban population who lack adequate access to water, sanitation and hygiene facilities. The paper analyses the serious interventions required and the focus on sanitation targets to enable the City Makers to live a dignified life in the event of the rapid urbanisation taking place in the country.
This is another short paper which talks about right to sanitation from the perspective of the physically challenged persons. The paper provides lessons and ways to improve the quality and effectiveness of development through the inclusion of persons with disabilities and their right to WASH. The paper also reviews some of the international and national mandates on disability access to WASH services good practices in measuring the impact for making WASH effective on the ground and policy level.
Adivasis or the indigenous people of India have an altogether different system for sanitation, which is often considered as unhygienic practice by the so-called modern urbanised Indians. The paper examines the incompatibility between the traditional practice of sanitation and the prevailing toilet-centric state approach to resolve open defecation. The paper also attempts to explore the possibility of evolving a model of best practices for right to sanitation in the Adivasi areas. It also speaks about the challenges faced by them due to reduction in land space due to encroachment on their properties in the name of development.
Upstream-downstream river conflicts occur often due to competing water uses/users for a limited water resource. Construction of dams and diversions further aggregate this problem. The Kerala Resource Centre carried out a research programme in the Chalakudy river in Kerala and came up with a reservoir operation model (ROM) to address the downstream conflicts arising from the upstream flow regulation. The ROM can improve the downstream water management and flows in the river. The paper also talks about the steps to be taken to develop an appropriate ROM.
Over several years of Forum’s research on water conflicts, it is observed that conflicts arise due to lack of clear understanding on entitlements and allocations of water for basic needs, livelihood needs and environmental needs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a framework for determining such entitlements and allocations that ensure just and equitable access of water to all and at the same time maintains all the ecosystem functions. The framework presents important elements and recommendations to manage and resolve conflicts.
The paper is based on the small working group which Forum had constituted to discuss and research on the existing legal and institutional regimes governing the water sector and revisit them if one needs to address and resolve water conflicts in a just, sustainable, equitable and democratic manner. The policy paper briefly discusses the situation regarding different water sources and outlines a new legal and institutional framework and thereby the immediate steps that need to be taken.<|endoftext|>Flexor tendonitis is inflammation of the flexor tendons in the foot which bend the big toes. They run down the inside of the ankle and under the foot to the toes.
Symptoms of flexor tendonitis
Flexor tendinitis symptoms include tenderness along the length of the tendon which passes round the back of the medial malleolus (bony bit on the inside of the ankle). Pain may be felt in the arch of the foot, on the inside back of the ankle and when the big toe is bent against resistance.
Flexor tendonitis treatment
What can the athlete do?
Rest until there is no more pain. This may mean complete rest for a day or two depending on how bad the injury is or rest from activities which make it worse. It is important to keep fit where possible by cycling or swimming.
Apply ice or cold therapy to reduce the pain and inflammation. Do not apply ice directly to the skin but use a wet tea towel to wrap it in or a commercially available cold pack to prevent ice burns. Cold can be applied for 10 to 15 minutes every hour initially reducing frequency as pain and inflammation reduces. Eventually 2 to 3 times a day should be sufficient.
Tape the foot to protect the arch and allow it to rest more easily. It is difficult to rest a foot injury if you have to walk on it but the arch taping can reduce the load on the tendons.
What can a sports injury specialist or doctor do?
Prescribe anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen which will help reduce pain and inflammation. Always consult a Doctor before taking medication as Ibuprofen should not be taken with certain conditions including asthma.
Operate - surgery is often successful for this injury and there have been reports of athletes returning to sport within 6 to 9 weeks of the operation.
The tendons which bend the toes originate from two muscles of the lower leg; the Flexor digitorum longus and the Flexor hallucis longus muscles so stretching and massage of these muscle may help.<|endoftext|>Oggi parleremo del decontratto, o come dice Juan Francisco F. Muñoz "spremere il bulbo". Il benedetto "incontrollato!" che se hai un allenatore di dressage come me, potresti averlo sentito più volte nel tempo che sei stato con lui, di quanto hai sentito pronunciare il tuo nome in tutta la tua vita. E non sto esagerando. Veramente è fondamentale nel dressage, in termini di posizionamento del cavallo e flessibilità del collo.
Questa volta userò la sua analogia, poiché mi aiuterà a spiegare il processo. Mentre tieni le redini con le mani parallele e un contatto delicato, e stai per scoprirlo, immagina di tenere una lampadina con la mano e l'angolo dell'alluce (questa azione è alternata tra una mano e l'altro, quindi inizia a provare con una mano). Bene, ora devi spremere quella lampadina. Dovresti ruotare il polso verso l'esterno in modo da poter vedere le dita. Trattandosi di un movimento rotatorio, è come se si premesse una lampadina; e allo stesso tempo chiuderai la mano e quindi aumenterai il contatto con la bocca del cavallo.
Di per sé, e semplificato, si tratta di fare piegare o torcere il collo del cavallo da un lato, aumentando il contatto in quella redine, e poi fare lo stesso sull'altro lato (con l'altra redine). A volte viene solitamente utilizzato con la redine esterna fissa con un contatto deciso e l'azione di rilascio intermittente della redine interna. La chiave è renderlo morbido e sottile, ma puoi aumentare l'intensità fino a quando non ti dimentichi del bulbo e fai movimenti più ampi, separando un po 'le mani. Non so se la mia spiegazione sarà stata molto buona, quindi se qualcuno di voi ha dei dubbi, potete contattarmi tramite il mio profilo in fondo a questo articolo, oppure lasciare un commento qui sotto.
Potrebbe non andare bene per te rinunciare al contratto; dipende anche dal giorno in cui ha il cavallo. Ad ogni modo, forse uno dei motivi per cui non funziona è perché lo ha fatto collo molto rigido. Durante il mio soggiorno come scrittore qui a NotiCaballos parlerò del bodybuilding del cavallo, quindi non perdere nessun dettaglio. Come introduzione per dire che, in tal caso, dovresti lavorare molto sul file flessibilità del collo, con esercizi di rilassamento meno sottili, stretching ed esercizi per rafforzare i muscoli in quella zona.<|endoftext|>علمیه
گویا نام ایشان عَلَمیه به فتح عین ولام می باشد، چرا که در باره این که نام ایشان علمیه یا عالمیه بوده است، اختلاف است و به نظر می رسد این اختلاف ناشی از نحوه نگارش نام این فرقه در زبان انگلیسی است که در وقت ترجمه به عربی به هر دو صورت امکان ضبط آن وجود دارد.<|endoftext|>《致所有我曾爱过的男孩[电影解说]》剧情介绍： 劳拉（拉娜·孔多尔 Lana Condor 饰）是一个16岁的女孩，无论是外貌还是性格，劳拉都只能算是最普通的那一挂，把她扔在人堆里，下一秒钟你就绝对再也无法注意到她。然而，劳拉的心思细腻情感丰富，让她特别容易对男孩产生好感，但她总是将这份爱慕隐藏在心底，只是通过写信的方式来抒情，一段时间下来，劳拉积攒了不少的情书，她将这些情书藏了起来，并决定将它们当做自己永远的秘密。 可让劳拉没有想到的是，自己的这些私房信竟然在某一天被统统公之于众。信件带来的巨大反响很快就令她的生活发生了天翻地覆的改变，面对各方的声音，无论是嘲讽和还是善意的，勇敢的劳拉都以一颗平常心面对。。
致所有我曾爱过的男孩[电影解说]由导演苏珊·约翰逊执导，2018年上映的电影解说，目前总点击 1003次，是由拉娜·康多,诺亚·琴蒂内奥,伊瑟尔·布罗萨德,贾娜尔·帕里希,安娜·卡思卡特,安德鲁·巴切勒,特雷佐·马霍洛,玛德琳娜·亚瑟,埃米利娅·巴拉纳茨,约翰·考伯特,凯尔西·马韦马,朱莉娅·本森,乔伊·帕切科,乔丹·伯切特,琼·B·王尔德,伊莎贝尔·比奇,亨特·狄龙,克里斯蒂安·迈克尔·库珀,里斯·弗菜明,帕维尔·皮多克,杰布·比奇,Cameron Crosby,耶尔·雅曼等主演。
电影解说《致所有我曾爱过的男孩[电影解说]》在中国美国发行，本站收集了致所有我曾爱过的男孩[电影解说]pc网页端现在观看,手机mp4在线观看，百度云资源，迅雷高清下载等资源，如果有更好更快的资源请联系无忧影院_2020免费在线宅男的天堂mv影视_888私人电影网_神马电影网。<|endoftext|>- 手机：
- 13932561485
- 电话：
- 400-658-3652
- 邮箱：
- firstname.lastname@example.org
- 地址：
- 北京市朝阳区东三环中路39号建外SOHO东区8号楼18层
3月18日上午，在荷兰乌特勒支市（Utrecht）西部地区发生枪击事件，截至目前已造成1人死亡，数人受伤。
据目击者称，事发时看到抢手向乘坐有轨电车的乘客开枪。目前荷兰警方已经赶往现场，具体原因尚在调查中。
封面新闻记者联系上在乌特勒支市的中国留学生杨先生。事发当时，他正在从乌特勒支市前往临市上班的火车上，“希望等我下班回去，就没事儿了吧。”
但从目前他在新闻报道中获取的信息来看，事情有点复杂——市上的电车已经停运；乌得勒支大学和乌得勒支应用科学大学已经在建筑物出口处设置了内部
|
8,548 | 2 | 3 |
l’ordinanza presidenziale ha fatto riferimento al fatto che nell’affinità non vi è consanguineità, con ciò aggiungendo, rispetto alle considerazioni qui fatte, altri fattori di valutazione sulla sussistenza, o meno, dello ius sepulchri, fattori che eccedono e di discostano rispetto a quanto precede).
[2] – Si cita il testo attualmente vigente.
[3] – Un modo semplice, per rappresentare ciò, può essere quello di indicare le persone col nome, o con una “etichetta” con iscrittovi il nome, oppure con un pallino (o altro segno) e le generazioni con una linea che le congiunge, cosicché per computare le generazioni (o, meglio, i gradi) è sufficiente contare il numero di queste linee.
[4] – Andrebbe ricordato (ma che serve ormai …) come nel passato fossero in uso parole differenti per distinguere il nipote in linea retta rispetto al nipote in linea collaterale.
Le lingue sono entità viventi, mutano nel tempo, alcune parole muoiono, altre nascono ex novo.
[5] – Ricordando l’art. 149 C.C., va considerato altresì lo scioglimento del matrimonio “per altra causa prevista dalla legge”.
[6] – Riguarda gli impedimenti al matrimonio.<|endoftext|>Seconda guerra anglo-olandese
Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento conflitti non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti.
|Seconda guerra anglo-olandese|
parte delle guerre anglo-olandesi
|Data||1665 – 1667|
|Luogo||Paesi Bassi, Mare del Nord, canale de La Manica|
|Esito||firma del trattato di Breda|
|Schieramenti|
|Comandanti|
|Voci di guerre presenti su Wikipedia|
PreludioModifica
Dopo incidenti che coinvolsero la cattura da parte inglese di basi commerciali olandesi e di colonie in Africa occidentale e America del Nord - in seguito riprese dagli olandesi - gli inglesi dichiararono guerra ai Paesi Bassi il 4 marzo 1665. Dopo la prima guerra anglo-olandese gli olandesi erano meglio preparati, avendo ampliato la loro marina, ordinando sessanta navi da guerra nuove.
La guerraModifica
Il primo scontro tra le due nazioni avvenne in mare, come nella prima guerra anglo-olandese. La guerra iniziò con la Battaglia di Lowestoft, dove gli inglesi ottennero la vittoria (13 giugno 1665): gli olandesi persero un gran numero di navi e lo stesso ammiraglio van Wassenaer Obdam, comandante supremo della flotta, morì nel corso della battaglia.
L'11 agosto 1665, fu nominato il nuovo comandante della flotta olandese: il tenente-ammiraglio Michiel de Ruyter.
Questi, che aveva precedentemente influenzato l'ammodernamento della flotta come consigliere informale del suo predecessore, van Wassenaer Obdam, continuò questo processo dopo la sua nomina. Sotto la sua guida, la flotta fu addestrata a navigare in "linea di battaglia" in modo che tutte le navi avessero simultaneamente un campo di fuoco libero verso il nemico, ricopiando le tattiche dell'ammiraglio inglese Robert Blake. Inoltre fu introdotto un sistema di bandiere di segnalazione. Fino ad allora, una battaglia navale era stata principalmente una lotta non coordinata tra nave e nave.
L'aumento della potenza della flotta olandese fu evidente nella battaglia dei Quattro giorni, dall'11 al 14 giugno 1666. Fu una delle più lunghe battaglie navali della storia e finì con ambo le parti che reclamavano la vittoria; l'ammiraglio olandese de Ruyter si era ritirato per primo, ma aveva causato agli inglesi perdite doppie di quelle subite dagli olandesi.
Dopo questo scontro gli inglesi ottennero la vittoria nella battaglia del Giorno di San Giacomo, ma a causa di problemi finanziari furono costretti a ridurre le loro operazioni. Il re Carlo II d'Inghilterra mise in disarmo la sua flotta e chiese la pace. Gli olandesi, infuriati per la distruzione ingiustificata di oltre 130 navi mercantili da parte degli inglesi durante un'incursione attraverso il canale Vlie, e per il seguente saccheggio della città di Terschelling, decisero per prima cosa di ripagare l'insolenza.
Raid sul MedwayModifica
La mente dietro il piano era il principale politico olandese, il Gran pensionario Johan de Witt. Suo fratello Cornelis accompagnò la flotta in qualità di supervisore.
Nel giugno 1667 l'ammiraglio de Ruyter guidò gli olandesi nell'incursione sul fiume Medway, alla foce del Tamigi. Dopo aver catturato il forte di Sheerness, riuscirono a spezzare le enormi catene che proteggevano l'ingresso al Medway e, il 13, attaccarono la flotta inglese che era stata portata in secca a Chatham. La coraggiosa incursione rimane il più grande disastro militare inglese fin dalla Conquista normanna. Molte delle navi della Marina Reale vennero distrutte, o incendiate dagli olandesi o "autoaffondate" allo scopo di bloccare il fiume. L'ammiraglia inglese, HMS Royal Charles, venne abbandonata dal suo equipaggio, fu catturata senza che venisse sparato un colpo e rimorchiata nei Paesi Bassi, come trofeo. Il suo stemma è ancora oggi in mostra al Rijksmuseum di Amsterdam. Gli incursori risparmiarono il cantiere navale di Chatham, il più grande complesso industriale inglese dell'epoca.
Il successo olandese ebbe un grosso impatto psicologico in tutta l'Inghilterra, con Londra che si sentì particolarmente vulnerabile, solo un anno dopo il Grande Incendio. Questo, assieme ai costi della guerra, dell'epidemia di peste e delle spese stravaganti di Carlo II, fece sì che l'Inghilterra fosse contenta di firmare un trattato di pace, così come lo erano gli olandesi, che avevano dovuto gestire al tempo stesso l'invasione francese dei Paesi Bassi spagnoli.
PaceModifica
Il 31 luglio 1667, il Trattato di Breda siglò la pace tra le due nazioni. Il trattato permise agli inglesi di mantenere i territori attorno a Nuova Amsterdam (l'attuale New York), gli olandesi ricevettero in cambio il controllo del Suriname.<|endoftext|>Term papers are academic orretor de texto papers written by students focusing corretor gramatical on a specific academic period, usually accounting for a substantial portion of a GPA. Webster defines it as”an essay written at the start of a term where all assignments are due at the same time and for exactly the exact same grade”. The purpose of this sort of academic work is to provide the reader with new concepts and provide extra information that is necessary for successful learning. Since it’s so essential to the achievement of any papers, instructors will assign them at varying lengths based on their syllabus and the students’ level of comprehension.
A typical academic term paper will use a variety of different strategy to address the topic. Most will begin with an introduction and a brief overview of this topic, in addition to the most important argument you’re supporting within the newspaper. Next, the paper will proceed into a thorough examination of this subject, quoting the appropriate government and participating in a reasonable discussion of the arguments and facts presented. Students should always strive to write a thorough and informative review and argument. A weak argument will be easily spotted and will not hold up to scrutiny. The paper must also quote resources and provide ample supporting information to strengthen its argument.
Another common construction used for term papers is referred to as a literature review. A literature review is divided into two main segments: an introduction and a conclusion. An introduction provides the reader with the general idea of this newspaper and what it’s about. A conclusion includes the particular studies and study cited within the paper, in addition to the general conclusion reached concerning the subject. The literature review is meant to aid the reader in analyzing the newspaper’s various arguments and also to answer any questions they may have.
Pupils need to understand both a debate and a supply are required in order to support a particular claim. Additionally, a source is required to support a specific conclusion. Because of this, when structuring a term paper, students should always make sure that their resources are cited correctly and that they provide valid and relevant info. Along with citing research papers from respectable sources inside the field, the student should also cite secondary sources out of that specific field when required. These secondary sources may be more useful in understanding the subject or subject matter and offer an extra point of interest.
Students should have a close look at their term papers before submitting them to the term paper writing service. Pupils should always read over their newspapers carefully, looking for any grammatical or spelling mistakes. They should also ask their teachers or teachers for clarifications on almost any topic or papers they are writing for the course.
Students should also make sure their term papers adhere to any formatting guidelines or standards set forth from the publishing house. Students can learn a great deal about the manner of the writing through studying specific term papers illustrations. This will provide them a fantastic idea of the proper formatting and presentation they will need to follow. By taking a good look at academic term papers examples, students may learn not just how to write a term paper, but how to present it in order to maximize its value and effectiveness. Students may opt to format their papers however they see fit, following the specific guidelines put forth from the publishing house.<|endoftext|>粘附型GPCR（Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors, aGPCRs）为第2大GPCR家族，是一类高度保守且进化古老的受体,几乎在哺乳动物的每个器官系统中均有表达，介导众多生理过程。在人类中，已经确定了33个具有代表性的aGPCRs，这些aGPCRs对人类组织器官中的众多信号转导过程具有重要意义。其中GPR56/ADGRG1作为aGPCRs的一员，近年被证明在抑郁症和肿瘤等疾病的发生、发展中发挥着重要作用，具有广泛的药物开发潜力。
aGPCRs家族成员具有独特的结构和功能特征，由胞内区，七跨膜结构域(7TM)和胞外区（ECR）组成。胞外区主要参与细胞通讯以调节细胞大小、形状、极性、粘附、迁移、循环、死亡和分化。在ECR上有aGPCRs自动蛋白水解诱导（GAIN）结构域，在蛋白质成熟过程中，aGPCRs在此处自切割产生两个原生质体N端片段（NTF）和C端片段（CTF），在受体到达细胞表面后，NTF和CTF片段保持非共价连接形成异源二聚体。ECR通过与细胞外组分结合介导的机制解离，引起7TM重排，导致G蛋白激活。
图1.aGPCRs的结构特征和激活机制
相对于其他的GPCR，aGPCRs具有几个不寻常的结构和功能特征（图1）。
首先，大多数aGPCRs的胞外区（ECR）非常大，通常由多种细胞粘附蛋白模块组成，如其N端的表皮生长因子（EGF）样、免疫球蛋白（Ig）样和凝集素样结构域。这些蛋白质模块通常作为特定细胞配体和/或aGPCRs结合伙伴的结合位点发挥作用。
其次，大多数aGPCRs在ECR的C端包含一个标志性的GPCR自动蛋白水解诱导域（GAIN）。
第三，aGPCRs的激活和信号机制是多方面的，包括GPS切割依赖和非依赖以及NTF-CTF解离依赖和非依赖模式。尽管如此，栓系激动模型被广泛接受为大多数aGPCRs的常见激活机制。这涉及细胞配体与ECR结合后，引起NTF与CTF的解离，暴露Stachel序列，Stachel与7次跨膜（7TM）束结合（图1B）。
aGPCRs在粘附、细胞迁移、旁分泌信号和许多疾病影响方面具有重要意义，也是潜在的生殖和肿瘤药物的重要靶点。在aGPCRs家族中，GPR56是被研究最多的成员之一，其已经被证实与肿瘤，大脑发育，脑畸形等重大疾病和重要生理过程紧密相关。在2022年AACR（美国癌症研究协会）会议上，GPR56首次被提及可作为结直肠癌的治疗靶点，以开发抗体-药物偶联物。
GPR56/ADGRG1是一种多功能的粘附G蛋白偶联受体，由染色体16q21上的ADGRG1基因编码的693个氨基酸组成。GPR56转录物的广泛RNA剪接预计会产生至少五种不同的GPR56蛋白质亚型，这些GPR56受体亚型功能和信号特征各不相同。GPR56不仅在中枢和外周神经系统、生殖系统、肌肉肥大、免疫调节和造血干细胞生成的生理功能中起重要作用。此外，GPR56的异常表达或功能失调与多种病理过程有关，包括双侧额顶多微回畸形、抑郁症和肿瘤的发生。
在特定的细胞配体/结合伙伴方面，GPR56内源性配体胶原蛋白Ⅲ和组织转谷氨酰胺酶2（TG2）的发现，使其成为第一个去孤儿化的aGPCRs。随着近些年GPR56相关研究的不断深入，GPR56的许多其他内源性蛋白配体和结合伙伴也被鉴定，其中包括四跨膜蛋白CD9/CD81、前胃泌素、磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)和层粘连蛋白，它们作为支架蛋白、共受体或同源配体发挥作用。此外，最近还发现了GPR56小分子激动剂3-α-乙酰氧基二氢脱氧鸟苷（3-α-DOG）和拮抗剂二氢甘草酮（DHM），以及独特的结合伙伴糖胺聚糖（GAG）肝素。
图2：GPR56结构示意图
目前，已经确定了GPR56受体的多种激活机制，包括GAIN结构域依赖性/非依赖性和GPS切割依赖性/非依赖性模式（图3C），越来越多证据也表明，GPR56-NTF作为基础GPR56信号传导的阻遏物发挥GPR56激活作用，因此，NTF缺失的GPR56突变体具有组成性活性，其特征表现为SRF和NFAT活性增加、TGF-α脱落、β-arrestin 2结合和受体泛素化。同样，PLL结构域的缺失增加了GPR56的信号活性。这些结果有力地表明，GPR56（可能还有大多数其他aGPCRs）的激活主要是通过NTF的解离/构象变化介导的。这使得CTF内新暴露的栓系激动剂（称为Stachel序列）能够自我激活受体信号。
因此，与野生型（WT）GPR56-CTF相比，具有截短N末端区域的GPR56CTF变体在转染细胞中激活Gα13蛋白和血清反应元件（SRE）-荧光素酶活性的能力降低。另一方面，GPR56的GAIN亚结构域B的β-链13的合成肽足以诱导GPR56的信号活性。因此，可以确定，在NTF解离后，GPR56-CTF的Stachel序列与其aGPCR的7次跨膜区域（7TM）部分相互作用，导致受体的构象变化和激活。最近的研究进一步证实了这种新的激活机制，证明在配体诱导NTF-CTF解离后，发生了同源配体（如胶原蛋白-III型和活性mAb）的结合引发的GPR56激活和Gα12/13 RhoA信号传导。
最近，研究表明，GPR56受体在去除其整个ECR后仍保持组成性活性。然而，这种ECR的GPR56受体变体仅激活NFAT并诱导TGF-α脱落，而不诱导SRF活性。因此，这一发现表明了GPR56激活的GAIN域独立机制。另一方面，3-α-DOG能够激活GPS切割缺陷型GPR56-F385A突变体。同样地，有些GPR56特异性单体可以有效激活相同的GPR56-F385A突变体。这些结果表明，这些特异性激动剂与GPR56的ECR结合，引起独特的构象变化，表现为在不需要其蛋白水解修饰的情况下就可以激活受体，支持GPR56的GPS切割非依赖性激活机制。
与上述各种GPR56激活机制相似，目前已证实多种GPR56介导的信号通路。其中大多数GPR56信号研究显示，GPR56涉及Gα12/13RhoA信号轴
|
8,548 | 3 | 0 |
sigorta şirketinin talep edilen 100.000 / 50.000 euro hesap özetini düzenlediği sorusunun ardından. Bu soruyu VGZ ve SNS seyahat sigortasına da sordum. Maalesef henüz bir cevabım yok ama zamanı gelince buna geri döneceğim.
Ancak arama yaparken, bir dizi büyük havayolunun bu sigortayı ücretsiz bir hizmet olarak sunduğunu gördüm. Örneğin Emirates ve Etihad. Yani bu da bir olasılık.
Tabii ki Tayland göçmenliğinin bununla nasıl başa çıktığını bilmiyorum?
Maalesef bunu Hollanda’dan yazıyorum.
Selamlama,
Chris
Editörler: Tayland blogunun okuyucularına bir sorunuz var mı? İletişim formunu kullanın.<|endoftext|>پایگاه خبری تحلیلی انتخاب (Entekhab.ir) :
رویترز گزارش داد:
با استناد به داده های مقدماتی گمرک کره جنوبی، این کشور طی ماه گذشته ۱.۱ میلیون تن معادل روزانه ۲۹۴ هزار و ۶۹ بشکه نفت از ایران وارد کرده است که این رقم نسبت به ماه قبل آن افزایشی ۴۵۰ درصدی و نسبت به دور مشابه سال گذشته افزایشی ۱۰۴ درصدی نشان می دهد.
سئول در دو ماه اول سال جاری میلادی بطور متوسط روزانه ۱۷۳ هزار و ۷۴۴ بشکه نفت از ایران وارد کرده است که نسبت به دور مشابه سال گذشته ۲.۳ درصد و نسبت به متوسط واردات نفت ایران توسط کره جنوبی در سال ۲۰۱۳ حدود ۳۰ درصد افزایش نشان می دهد.
آژانس بین المللی انرژی نیز ۲۲ اسفندماه گزارش داد که کل صادرات روزانه نفت ایران در ماه فوریه به ۱ میلیون و ۴۱۰ هزار بشکه رسیده است که این رقم نسبت به متوسط صادرات نفت ایران در سال ۲۰۱۳ روزانه حدود ۳۴۰ هزار بشکه افزایش نشان می دهد. بر اساس این گزارش، علت اوج گرفتن صادرات نفت ایران تفاهم شش ماهه هسته ای میان تهران و شش قدرت جهانی است که از ۲۰ ژانویه تا ۲۰ ژوئیه به اجرا گذاشته شده است.<|endoftext|>原标题 梅西巴萨生涯500胜 一共打败86家豪门，国家德比狂胜19次 北京时间1月31日清晨，2019-2020赛季国王杯1/8决赛，巴萨坐镇主场诺坎普以5:0的比数狂胜莱加内斯，沦为注定的胜者，晋级到1/4决赛。这场竞赛中，梅西总算寻找了再一的好状况，某种程度打进两粒进球1次助攻，还有一次必要助攻，一起还取得了巴萨生计第500场里程碑。
巴萨5:0莱加内斯关于梅西的巴萨生计取得500胜，媒体现抹黑多时，从西班牙超级杯到对阵瓦伦西亚的联赛，都是以痛惜收场，巴萨巨星如期无法达成协议500场顺利的里程碑。更加不解的是，巴萨打成平手西班牙人队，接着在西班牙超级杯被马德里竞技反败为胜出局，必要造成了主教练巴尔韦德的迟到，在塞蒂恩离任的3场竞赛中，尽管赢下了2场，但是梅西在其间的一场中缺席了竞赛，综上所述，在面对莱加内斯之前，梅西在巴萨效能期间取得了499场顺利，距离500场顺利仅有劣一步。
总算，国王杯击败了莱加内斯，梅西总算将巴萨生计胜场不断扩大到500场。梅西取得巴萨生计第500场顺利梅西2004-2005赛季面对西班牙人队的竞赛中结束职业生计首秀，在这场“加泰罗尼亚德比”中，梅西协助巴萨取得1:0的顺利。从那开端，梅西就开端了属于自己的归降之路，遇上的每一支球队都会击败它。
只要一支球队逃过一劫逃过了梅西的“魔爪”，这支球队正是格拉马内特，梅西在那场竞赛中上台了，但是巴萨还是以0:1的比数赢了竞赛。在面对只剩的86支球队时，梅西没手软过，都会极力将竞赛的顺利收益手中。梅西梅西的职业生计中，最青睐的输掉是塞维利亚，一共被以梅西领衔的巴萨击败过29次。
除了塞维利亚、毕尔巴鄂竞技、西班牙人、马德里竞技、皇家马德里、赫塔菲、瓦伦西亚、莱万特、比利亚雷亚尔也都是梅西的巴萨生计中更为青睐的输掉。。
本文来源：手机真人赌钱游戏平台-www.blognotifier.com<|endoftext|>scritto da Ostia Antica Suite BB in Cosa Vedere | Nessun Commento
Il Pantheon è un edificio della Roma antica costruito fra il 27 e il 25 a.C. per volere del console Agrippa in piena età Augustea.
»Leggi tutto…
Vuoi visitare Roma e non sai dove dormire? Verifica la disponibilità e prenota ora la tua camera!<|endoftext|>Additionally some clinicians also consider high LDL, high insulin, and waist-hip ratio or abdominal adiposity as risk factors. Some are also measuring inflammatory markers like C-Reative Protein (CRP).
The incidence of metabolic syndrome hasn't just increased - it is skyrocketing. As reported on WebMD - Metabolic Syndrome Skyrocketing - Despite the improvements seen in some heart disease risk factors, a survey of nearly 80,000 people showed that rates of the metabolic syndrome continued to rise both in the United States and in Europe.
The surge is driven mainly by the epidemic of obesity in the Western world, says researcher Benjamin A. Steinberg, a Sarnoff fellow at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.
We're not doing much better with cardiovascular disease either. The survey estimates that in 1998, 61.4 million American adults were estimated to have cardiovascular disease or risk factors for coronary heart disease. That figure rose to 66.7 million in 2001 and to 67.2 million in 2004.
This is in light of the improvements seen with cholesterol levels across the board!
During the six-year period, some major gains were made in reducing the number of people with heart disease risk factors.
- The percentage of people with high triglyceride levels dropped from 46% to 40%.
- The number of people with low HDL cholesterol levels decreased from 35% to 33%.
- During this time frame the use of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs increased from 37% to 52%.
Yet despite these improvements, the rates of the metabolic syndrome rose from 36% to 44% during the same period.
So, what do the "experts" tell us is driving the alarming rate of metabolic syndrome?
That means the rise [in the metabolic syndrome] is primarily driven by the skyrocketing rates of obesity -- from 30% to 48% -- during the six-year period, says America Heart Association president Robert Eckel, MD, professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver.
"Although several components of the metabolic syndrome are better off, people are still much more likely to be obese," he tells WebMD. "We have to continue to target obesity to reverse these trends."
Yes, I'm shaking my head here, wondering if they'll ever "get it."
Metabolic syndrome is one of those "chicken and egg" disorders - which came first, the metabolic dysfunction or the obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, or high fasting blood sugars? The American Heart Association (AHA) apparently believes it is the obesity driving the disorder. Their recommendation - a low-fat diet to reduce weight coupled with increased physicial activity.
The problem with that recommendation? Data from numerous trials shows that a low-fat carbohydrate rich dietary pattern actually worsens the other risk factors for metabolic syndrome with increased triglycerides, decreased HDL. Without significant weight loss, such a diet may also increase insulin resistance and worsen fasting blood sugars due to the high carbohydrate intake required to achieve a fat intake less than 30% of total calories.
The AHA is fully aware of this, yet continues to ignore the data that clearly points to a low-carb diet as a better approach to tackle ALL the risk factors with dietary modification. The Nutrition & Metabolism Journal recently published the review, Carbohydrate restriction improves the features of Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolic Syndrome may be defined by the response to carbohydrate restriction, that included 112 references.
The bottom line? The review summary stated: Five symptoms common to most definitions of MetS are those that are reliably improved by CHO restriction. Carbohydrate restriction is one strategy for weight loss but, in addition, improves glycemic control, insulin levels, TAG and HDL levels even in the absence of weight loss. We suggest that response to CHO restriction may, in fact, be an operational definition of MetS. Its underlying basis would rest on the idea that the features of MetS are associated with a disruption in insulin metabolism which is strongly influenced by dietary CHO. The extent to which this definition is useful may depend on its application by individual practitioners. Experimental studies that follow its lead or conversely disprove its fundamental premise should advance our understanding of obesity, diabetes and CVD. Dismissing CHO restriction without evidence, or expressing "concerns" rather than offering data will probably be less productive.
Folks, obesity is indeed contributing to the increase in metabolic syndrome. However, the answer to reverse the trend is not as simple as losing weight. The only way to reverse the trend is to identify the driving factor behind our obesity AND metabolic dysfunction issues - resolve the underlying reason for our weight gain and identify what is disrupting our metabolic pathways so negatively.
The AHA takes the simplistic approach - eat less and exercise more - as the solution.
I'd like to know just how many people haven't already heard that advice and tried it only to fail again and again as their metabolic dysfunction worsens and their risk factors increase?
Until we move past the deeply rooted dogma that preaches the carbohydrate rich low-fat diet as the end-all-be-all and actually move instead toward an evidence-based approach, we're going to continue to see the alarming rate of metabolic syndrome rise higher and higher.
You don't have to wait for the "experts" to finally "get it" - your long-term health depends on educating yourself about what the science says, what the research data shows us and making an informed decision about taking control of your diet to improve your risk factors. A controlled-carb approach offers improvements in weight, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin senstivity and glycemic control.
If you're waiting for the leading organizations to suddenly accept and take the evidence-based approach any time soon and give you a greenlight to follow a controlled-carb diet - well, let's just say you might not want to hold your breath. There is way too much invested in the dogma and things will not change until the perspective is changed to focus on public health instead of the bottom-line dependent on the status quo.<|endoftext|>Search our database of handpicked sites
Looking for a great physics site? We've tracked down the very best and checked them for accuracy. Just fill out the fields below and we'll do the rest.
You searched for
"transfer", type: Website
We found 4 results on physics.org and 22 results in our database of sites
22 are Websites,
0 are Videos,
and 0 are Experiments)
Search results on physics.org
Search results from our links database
Revision site aimed at UK GCSE level covering energy transfer and energy sources. Well presented with animated diagrams and some questions to try
An index page for lots of information relating to heat transfer topics such as conduction and convection.
A clear explanation of heat transfer through conduction, convection and radiation. Uses flash.
A couple of pages about energy transfer and efficiency. Aimed at GCSE revision but useful for anyone.
Conduction is heat transfer by means of molecular agitation within a material without any motion of the material as a whole.
A good explanation of radiation, convection and conduction.
An activity to explore energy transfer and storage
A revision guide for heat transfer covering convection, cooling and radiation suitable for children 14-16
There's a lot of physics behind the simple firework. This blog post looks at temperatures, blackbody radiation and electron transfers.
A simple demonstration of charge transfer on contact - very clearly explained using coloured plastic.
Showing 1 - 10 of 22<|endoftext|>The European Parliament approved new targets for "e" waste collection, but strong opposition is expected from some European Union states.
The Parliament's goals are ambitious: 70-85% of electronic waste generated by EU states should be recovered, 50-75% of it recycled and 5% of this waste reused. Parliament also proposed that all but the smallest electronic retailers should be responsible for taking back, for free, smaller e-waste items such as electric toothbrushes and mobile phones (100 million mobile phones are tossed aside in each year in Europe alone). Going still further, Parliament proposed a stop to the export of e-waste to less developed countries by limiting the countries available for e-waste recovery, recycling and disposal efforts.
With estimates suggesting e-waste has grown worldwide to 50 million metric tons per year (that's 151 Empire State Buildings each year) curbing this waste is seen as increasingly important. The proposal is certainly a bold one and might encourage the US and China (the world's top e-waste producers) to also examine their e-waste policies.
Mother Jones Magazine is offering an on-line version of the March/April 2006 "Fate of the Oceans" issue. Topics include pollution, industrial fishing and the impact of global warming on marine life. Visit the link below to learn more: Mother Jones Magazine
A Senate bill to stop oil and gas tax-breaks was blocked. "The Close Big Oil Tax Loopholes Act" would have stopped tax breaks totaling over $2 billion per year for the five most profitable oil and gas companies...
Coral reefs grow, on average, 1.5cm per year. That means it takes coral 20 years for coral to creep one foot. Reef damage has long lasting consequences. Global warming is heating seas and killing reef coral at an alarming rate.<|endoftext|>Dogs that do not take prevention medicine are susceptible to heartworm disease through contact with infected mosquitoes. Heartworm disease occurs in all 50 states and across the globe — but luckily, it’s preventable.
When an infected mosquito bites the dog, heartworm larvae are likely to transmit the disease to the pet, entering through the skin’s bite wound and into the bloodstream. As the worms grow and multiply, they generally migrate and live in the arteries of the lungs and heart. The FDA reports that some of these heartworms can grow up to a foot in length.
And while there are a variety of mostly-successful treatment options for dogs that become infected with heartworm disease, it is a complex and expensive course of action (not to mention the canine’s discomfort while suffering from heartworm disease).
The American Heartworm Society recommends that dog owners talk with their veterinarian about heartworm disease and the best methods for disease prevention. So recently I connected with Dr. Amara Estrada, Assistant Professor at the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, to learn more about the different heartworm disease prevention options for dogs.
Dr. Estrada shared with me that “it is strongly recommended that all dogs be placed on chemoprophylaxis. There are two major classes of chemoprophylactic agents to prevent heartworm infestation — diethylcarbamazine and the avermectins. Diethylcarbamazine is rarely used anymore as avermectins provide better protection and ease of use.”
Currently, there are three types of avermectins in the United States that prevent heartworm in dogs and cats. These include: Ivermectin (Heartguard, Heartguard Plus), Milbemycin oxime (Interceptor) and Selamectin (Revolution).
Heartworm prevention medicines disrupt the development of the worms before they can enter the bloodstream and grow, multiply, and migrate to the arteries of the lungs and heart. Medicines are generally administered to dogs in the form of daily or monthly tablets/chewables, as a topical liquid, or via a six-month injectable. The American Heartworm Society deems all of these medicines as effective at preventing heartworm disease in canines — when administered according to guidelines — and states that “heartworm prevention is safe, easy and inexpensive.”
Dr. Estrada adds that “the goal of heartworm prophylaxis is to prevent infestation of individual animals. The duration of yearly prophylaxis depends on climate to determine larval transmission — the average daily temperature must be at least 14° C (57° F) for larvae to mature to the infestive stage before the mosquito dies. Prophylaxis may be required for as few as 3 months or as long as 12 months.”
Although heartworm disease is dangerous and potentially fatal in canines, there are no laws in the United States mandating that prevention medicines be used. Dog owners are solely responsible for consulting with a veterinarian about heartworm prevention options and to faithfully maintain a regular schedule of medicine administration.
In February, 2010, the American Heartworm Society released new canine heartworm guidelines — check out the full report here. The current recommendation is that all dogs receive year-round heartworm prevention, even in seasonal areas of the United States.
Want to learn more about heartworm disease in dogs? Visit the American Heartworm Society website for up-to-date information and read some tips for consumers from the FDA here.
Fascinated by animal diseases? Check out the Nat Geo WILD show Curse of the Tasmanian Devil to learn about how cancer is drastically reducing this species’ numbers.<|endoftext|>What is Castration
Castration – Neutering is the surgical procedure which removes a dogs testicles (or testes).
Castration and Dog Behavior
Testosterone a steroid hormone is produced in testicles, as dogs grow, during their adolescence (6-18 months) the levels of this hormone increase such that secondary sex-related characteristics become more evident. These include mounting, leg lifting and higher levels of aggression. Removal of the testes reduces the production of testosterone and hence sex related behaviors.
Castration and Aggression towards Humans
Aggressiveness is the one of the greatest concern. There are various reasons of aggression and these also vary from dog to dog. Understanding these reasons, their causes and symptoms requires the experience of a trained behaviorist. Often it is as a result of the dog attempting to gain a higher rank within its pack (which includes your family). This is known as dominance aggression and surveys have shown that this form of aggression is more common in entire males than castrated males. In such cases, Vet or behaviorist may recommend castration as part of a behavior program to tackle this form of aggression.
On the other hand, dog’s discomfort with a particular situation or circumstance may result in fear or nervous aggression. There can be a number of reasons
|
8,548 | 3 | 1 |
خواه ریاست جمهوری داده است – هنگام جدولی آخرین دسته از آرای نامه پستی ، به بایدن کمی کمتر از هزار رای داد. در ساعات اولیه صبح گرجستان.
افسانه ها ، مانند بقیه ملت ، نشسته بودند و در حال تماشای نتایج رأی گیری زنده بودند ، و ، هنگامی که جورجیا سرانجام پس از فرسایش آهسته اوایل دونالد ترامپ ، ورق خورد و خواننده آن لحظه را مشخص کرد با اجرای آوازی وی از کلاسیک محبوب ری چارلز.
به زودی همسر لجند ، کریسی تیگن در توییت خود نوشت: “او پنج ساعت منتظر ارسال این مطلب بوده است.” افسانه پاسخ داد ، “این یک بار بود.”
اگرچه بایدن در ایالت هلو کمی پیش افتاد ، اما از صبح جمعه ، هنوز مسابقه اعلام نشده است.<|endoftext|>Why Taller Grass Can Be Bad News For Grasshoppers
In northeastern Kansas, there's an open-air ecological laboratory called Konza Prairie. Scientists like Ellen Welti go there to study plants, insects, and big animals. "In the spring it has a lot of beautiful flowers, it has bison; everybody should go visit and check it out for themselves," says Welti, who is currently a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Oklahoma.
In this landscape, grasshoppers play a crucial role. They eat the grass; birds eat them.
Welti and her colleagues noticed that data collected over the past two decades showed the number of grasshoppers declining. Yet it wasn't for lack of food. The amount of grass on this prairie actually has been increasing, which Welti found "kind of interesting."
The researchers wondered if perhaps the crucial factor wasn't the amount of grass available to eat, but its nutritional content. "Grasshoppers, even compared to other insects, are more sensitive to changes in plant quality," Welti says.
Fortunately, they could test this hypothesis. Scientists have collected samples of grass that grew at Konza Prairie each year for the past 20 years or so. Those samples were stored in a shed. When the scientists tested them, they found that, indeed, in more recent years the grass contained lower levels of certain key nutrients, including nitrogen (which is a measure of protein levels), phosphorus, and potassium.
Welti and her colleagues think that they know the reason for all this, and it's related to the changing climate. There's more carbon dioxide in the air now, which plants need in order to grow. Also, the climate is warmer. Both things make grass grow faster.
The scientists think that this, in turn, is what led to lower amounts of those crucial nutrients. Scientists have observed this "nutrient dilution" when they've grown plants in the lab with artificially high levels of carbon dioxide.
The declines in nutrient levels in the grass samples at Konza Prairie "are pretty striking," Welti says. "So it seems like a pretty logical explanation for grasshopper declines."
Her team's study was published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"It's an interesting paper, for sure," says Spencer Behmer, an entomologist at Texas A&M University who also studies grasshoppers. The new study, he says, shows the value of long-term ecological observations at sites like Konza Prairie, where scientists collected samples of grass over many years without ever knowing what those samples might someday reveal.
These observations could have implications for human nutrition, too, Behmer says. Crops that humans eat also are affected by carbon dioxide levels and climate change — although people have more food options than grasshoppers do.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.<|endoftext|>What is a Knowledge Asset?
Knowledge and experience captured and packaged where people can find it so it can be used in the future.1 Knowledge Assets can contain key information, lessons learned or stories.
- Collecting the material needed
- Create the asset
- Publish and maintain it
How can LKS create Knowledge Assets and what are the benefits?
Assets are designed to support staff within an organisation with something they are working on or should be aware of. LKS are perfectly placed to identify audiences, research topics and create a resource that will help others. Policy briefings, for example, can be time consuming but employing ‘do once and share’ the work can be divided.
Knowledge Management goals achieved:
- Connecting people to the evidence base
- Connecting people to best practice
- Sharing learning
Knowledge Management Stories
Find out more
Note on using the calendar:
The calendar is a PowerPoint slide deck. When you view the slideshow it becomes interactive. Click the door number once to reveal the cartoon behind, and then click the cartoon to reveal the tool. To go back to the calendar when you have opened a door click the image in the bottom right of the slide. You can view the doors in any order and view the next tool by clicking on anywhere in the slide.<|endoftext|>Caricamento del lettore...
È disponibile una nuova versione di Last.fm, per assicurarti un funzionamento ottimale ricarica il sito.
343
109
225 ascoltatori
Conosci un video di YouTube per questo brano?
Aggiungi un video
Hai informazioni sul background di questo brano?
Crea la wiki
Non vuoi vedere annunci? Abbonati ora
Down And Out Law
Kevn Kinney
Mountain Top
(Whatever Happened To The) Great American Bubble Factory
Drivin' N' Cryin'
Let's Go Dancing
Mike Montiel
Barra and Govinda
Meyer, Douglas & Barenberg
Meghana Bhat<|endoftext|>讯 本是出于好意借手机，结果是借出去回不来。近日，六安市裕安区人民法院对涉案的吴某以诈骗罪，判处有期徒刑一年，并处罚金4000元。
2014年7月至8月间，被告人吴某在本市云露街、明珠广场及商之都一专卖店以借手机打电话为由将被害人曹某、董某、许某、何某苹果手机骗走，后低价出售。案发后，被告人亲属代为退赔了全部赃款。
法院审理认为：被告人吴某以非法占有为目的，虚构事实，多次骗取他人财物，数额较大，其行为构成诈骗罪。被告人曾因犯罪被判处刑罚，缓刑考验期结束不久又犯罪，对其应予以从严惩处。鉴于被告人当庭自愿认罪，且其亲属代为赔偿被害人民事损失，对其亦可酌情从轻处罚。遂作出上述判决。（汤厚丽）
工作服订制厂家
制服定做价格
贵州职业装订制<|endoftext|>مریلا زارعی که به عنوان داور سیوششمین جشنواره جهانی فیلم فجر، لحظاتی در کاخ جشنواره حضور داشت وقتی در مواجهه با اعضای هیات فیلم سازی چین که به اشتباه قصد دست دادن با او را داشتند خودش را عقب کشید، سوژه عکاسان شد.
سحر قریشی گفته از اینکه در ورزشگاه بین مردها قرار بگیرد منقلب میشود و مهناز افشار هم در توییترش پاسخ او را داده است.
قریشی، بازیگر سینما و تلویزیون و حالا البته تئاتر، در گفت وگویی ویدیویی، درباره ممنوعیت ورود زنان به استادیوم های ورزشی اظهار نظر کرده است. او با اشاره به اینکه دوست نداشته به استادیوم برود چون آنجا احساس امنیت ندارد، گفته که با ممنوعیت حضور زنان در ورزشگاه ها موافق است.
اختلاف نظر سحر قریشی و مهناز افشار
این اظهارات، صدای مهناز افشار، دیگر بازیگر سینمای ایران را درآورده؛ او با هشتگِ زنان علیه زنان، به حرف های قریشی واکنش نشان داده و در توییترش نوشته: “نمیشه خیلی راحت حق نیمی از جامعه رو انکار کرد چون یک نفر وقتی در کنار مردان قرار می گیره “منقلب”میشه!”
این در حالی است که همین چندی پیش، سحر قریشی عکسی از خود در یکی از استادیوم های کشور امارات در حال تماشای بازی آسیاییِ پرپسولیس تهران منتشر کرده بود.
اختلاف بین مهناز افشار و سحر قریشی
ایرانآرت<|endoftext|>PSC scientists Nick Nystrom, director of strategic applications, Kent Eschenberg, Joel Welling and John Urbanic, who have consulted and provided visualization support for a number of research projects at PSC.
When it comes to a scientist’s desire to simulate physical phenomena in realistic detail, there may be no such thing as “too much information.” To do simulations with massively parallel computational engines like PSC’s Cray XT3, nevertheless, brings enormous challenges in analysis and interpretation of the information produced. Regardless of the target problem — fluid dynamics of blood flow in an artery, galaxy formation in the early universe, evolution of tornados, and many others — such computational experiments often produce terabytes of data.
How much information is that? One terabyte is a trillion bytes. In printed form, that’s about 50,000 trees worth of paper. Ten terabytes would represent the entire printed contents of the U.S. Library of Congress.
How is it possible to assimilate, analyze, and arrive at conclusions from such mountains of information? A large part of the answer is “scientific visualization” — a range of software tools that can manipulate data from simulations and present it in visual form. Looking at images rather than piles of numbers, scientists rely on the brain’s natural ability to interpret visual information. Much as if they are observing a phenomenon in nature, they can see what happens in their simulation and extract insights in seconds that might otherwise take days or weeks.
PSC scientist consultants provide visualization support for many projects that use PSC resources. They often collaborate closely with researchers to devise the best means to represent data so that it will facilitate interpretation and analysis. Within the past year, PSC consultants have provided this kind of support for a number of major projects including ocean modeling, earthquake soil vibration, and turbulent blood flow in human arteries.Oceans and Climate
A team of researchers from the University of Miami Rosensteil School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and the Naval Research Laboratory are using PSC’s Cray XT3 to simulate ocean climate variability. Their focus is the Atlantic Ocean. Using large-scale models that run for months of XT3 processing time, they simulate the ocean over decades, with the goal of developing realistic models that can couple with atmospheric models and be used to forecast climate change.
Building on a 13-year PSC history of collaboration in ocean modeling, PSC scientist consultants John Urbanic and Kent Eschenberg worked with principal investigator Zulema Garraffo and her colleagues George Halliwell and Alan Wallcraft to develop a 3D visualization capability for their Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Although ocean currents are inherently 3D, HYCOM has until this year relied entirely on 2D contour plots.
Drawing from the Visualization ToolKit (VTK), an open source system for 3D graphics, and ParaView (Parallel Visualization Application), an open-source application that supports parallel systems and large datasets and that provides a user interface for VTK, Eschenberg created a “reader” for HYCOM’s hybrid coordinate grid format. Garraffo and her colleagues are integrating PSC’s HYCOM reader into an automated workflow for remote visualization of simulation data.
The PSC HYCOM Reader
A view of the Gulf of Mexico from underneath, with 3D perspective showing the ocean surface, where water is warmest, and a vertical cross-sectional slice showing temperature (increasing from blue to red) as it varies with depth (the vertical dimension is stretched to aid observation). Areas of no color (black) represent land mass, including the island of Cuba. Sampling along a line between top and bottom spheres (white) generates the plot of temperature versus distance.
This section of the Atlantic Ocean off the U.S. east coast shows velocity magnitude by color [increasing from blue to red] and velocity direction with arrow-shaped glyphs, that allow visualization of the 3D features of the ocean current.
Jacobo Bielak and his colleague David O’Hallaron of Carnegie Mellon University lead the Quake Project, a large collaborative research team that uses sophisticated computational methods to create realistic 3D models of earthquakes. In collaboration with the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), their work aims to provide information that will result in seismic provisions in building codes that will ensure the safest possible structures at reasonable cost.
In November 2006, the Quake team won the HPC Analytics Challenge Award at SC06 in Tampa for “Hercules” — software that coordinates all the stages of large-scale earthquake simulation, from problem definition to final visualization. With this unified framework, all tasks — building a software mesh that subdivides the quake region, partitioning the job among hundreds or thousands of processors, the simulation itself, and visualizing results — are performed in place on the XT3. Relying on software called PDIO developed by PSC staff (see p. 35), Hercules can visualize results in real time as a simulation is running.
This graphic shows the displacement from soil vibration in a Hercules run (above) compared to the same region from a TeraShake run (below).
In 2007, PSC worked with the Quake group and SCEC to develop tools that compare results between Hercules and TeraShake, earthquake simulation software developed at SCEC using a technique that differs from Hercules. To show how and why results from the two programs vary is important for validation of the models. It requires sophisticated statistical tools, which PSC scientist Joel Welling has developed, along with a comparison viewing capability provided by PSC’s Kent Eschenberg, and a new Quake reader for ParaView optimized for their files.
The top two planes of this display, developed by Welling, show a “phase mismatch” and an “envelope mismatch” between two simulations, while the third plane represents a difference between the first two planes. “Joel Welling’s statistical comparison toolset,” says Bielak, “provides an outstanding means for assessing the quality of our seismic synthetic datasets against actual earthquake records and for comparing results from different simulation techniques. It greatly facilitates our verification and validation efforts.”
Aortic Arch Flow through the aortic arch and branching into the brachiocephalic, carotid and other downstream arteries, showing flow velocity (increasing from blue to red).
To model blood flow interactions in different regions of the human cardiovascular system is the goal of research led by George Karniadakis and Leopold Grinberg of Brown University. Their applied mathematics group at Brown, the CRUNCH group, develops algorithms, visualization methods and parallel software for simulations in fluid mechanics. They aim to establish a biomechanics gateway on the TeraGrid with the arterial tree as a simulation framework for research in hemodynamics, disease and drug delivery.
To solve the very complex 3D flow problems of the arterial tree — complicated by many branches and outlets — Grinberg uses NekTar, a program developed at Brown, applied to realistic 3D geometry of the arterial system reconstructed from MRI. Grinberg demonstrated remote visualization with NekTar at SC06 in Tampa. Using PDIO, developed at PSC, to stream data from PSC’s XT3 to a remote desktop computer led to a 100- fold speedup in display, compared to the standard data-transfer technique. Such interactive visualizations are a convenient way to present results of blood-flow simulations to doctors.
PSC consultants collaborated with Grinberg to help in visualizing fast solution of NekTar simulations, which can involve as many as a billion degrees of freedom and produce up to 1.5 terabytes of data per run. Recent PSC optimizations reduce the overall data volume by more than 80-percent while preserving resolution of the visualization. “With these improvements,” says Grinberg, “what would take two hours takes only seconds.”<|endoftext|>Ağız kokusu, ağız içinde ve çevresindeki bakterilerin neden olduğu bir sorundur. Bakteriler, yiyecek parçacıkları ve diğer organik maddelerle beslenerek sülfür bileşikleri üretir. Bu bileşikler, ağız kokusunun nedenidir. Ağız kokusunun nedenleri çeşitli olabilir ve aşağıda bunlardan bazıları açıklanmıştır.
Ağız kokusunun nedenleri şunlardır:
Diş eti hastalıkları: Diş eti iltihabı, diş etlerinde bakterilerin birikmesine neden olur. Bu da ağız kokusunun en yaygın nedenidir.
Diş çürükleri: Diş çürükleri, dişlerde oluşan boşluklardır. Bu boşluklarda bakteriler çoğalabilir ve ağız kokusuna neden olabilir.
Ağız içi yaralar: Ağız içi yaralar, bakterilerin birikmesine neden olabilir ve ağız kokusuna neden olabilir.
Kuru ağız: Ağızdaki tükürük, bakterilerin büyümesini engellemeye yardımcı olur. Kuru ağızda tükürük salgısı azalır ve bu da ağız kokusunun artmasına neden olabilir.
Sigara ve alkol kullanımı: Sigara ve alkol kullanımı, ağız kokusunu artırabilir.
Bazı ilaçlar: Bazı ilaçlar, ağız kokusunu artırabilir.
Bazı sağlık sorunları: Bazı sağlık sorunları, ağız kokusuna neden olabilir. Bu sorunlar arasında diyabet, böbrek hastalığı ve karaciğer hastalığı bulunur.
Ağız kokusunu önlemek için alınabilecek önlemler şunlardır:
Düzenli diş fırçalama ve diş ipi kullanımı: Dişlerinizi günde iki kez, en az iki dakika fırçalayın ve günde bir kez diş ipi kullanın.
Diş eti hastalıklarının tedavisi: Diş eti hastalığınız varsa, diş hekiminizle birlikte tedavi planı geliştirin.
Diş çürüklerini tedavi ettirin: Diş çürükleriniz varsa, diş hekiminiz tarafından tedavi ettirin.
Ağız kuruluğunu önleyin: Bol su için ve sakız çiğneyin.
Sigara ve alkol kullanımını sınırlayın.
Bazı ilaçların ağız kokusunu artırabileceğini doktorunuzla konuşun.
Sağlıklı bir yaşam tarzı benimseyin: Sağlıklı beslenin, düzenli egzersiz yapın ve bol su için.
Ağız kokunuzun şiddetli olması veya geçmemesi durumunda bir doktora görünmeniz önemlidir. Ağız kokusunun altında yatan bir sağlık sorunu olabilir.<|endoftext|>, founded in 1938, is a monthly technical publication that is distributed to an international audience in the sugar industry. Articles cover global trends in the production, processing and refining of cane, beet, and corn into food and energy sources and are written by respected authorities. Special attention is given to new developments in factory and field production methods, research projects, economic and administrative problems, and energy related issues including biofuels and cogeneration. Results of test programs, experimental progress reports, pilot plant operations and ethanol updates are also reported.
September 9, 2013 – XIX Congreso de ATACA–Congreso de ATACORI
September
|
8,548 | 3 | 2 |
is Contemporary Art and How Can We Define it Today?
Contemporary art is, in most cases, defined as art that has been and continues to be created during our lifetime. Sounds pretty simple, right? Well, if this was the case, how can we explain that no other artistic definition, no other artistic category of -isms is as confusing, and at the same time straightforward as Contemporary Art? The term demands respect from the beginning and its first word, contemporary, it almost seems to suggest that you must know what it is without having to ask. God forbid you did, because maybe then you will not be considered as someone who’s in touch with what is going on. Well, Widewalls is not afraid to ask, what is Contemporary Art and how can we define it today?
The Difference Between the Modern and Contemporary Art
In the English language, ‘modern’ and ‘contemporary’ are synonyms. Unfortunately, in the art world, these two terms describe two different times of creation and two different approaches to art making and the functionality of art, and more often than not they create the biggest confusion. For the understanding of the Contemporary Art category, we must first understand the difference between the two.
The term Modern Art is usually associated with art made during the period extending roughly between the 1860s and 1970s. The art made during this period celebrated experimentation and placed traditions of the past aside. Experimenting with different materials and ways of seeing art, the functionality of art developed with the move away from the narrative, characteristic of the traditional arts, towards abstraction. This newfound freedom and revolutionary way of relying on the inner visions and expression of such visions marks the biggest influence of Modern Art. This reflected not only the move towards non-figuration but also influenced the approach to real life, social issues and images of modern life.
For many, the cut-off period, or the end of Modern Art is marked in the year of 1970’s and with the birth of the term Postmodern. Towards the end of the 20th century, with the development of technology, we see the rise of the Video Art and Performance Art, alongside the experimentation and appropriation from multiple disciplines and sources. At the same time, we also see the rise of the theory and philosophy research into the term Postmodern and the dominance of the present, where the focus is on what we have in front of us, and that’s what demands the knowledge into the latest trends. Now, this is the time when everything starts to build up and form this eclectic and diverse Contemporary art.
Influenced by the postmodern ideas that everything is fragmented and at the same time an entity on its own accord, questioning every definition, creates the governing spirit behind the Contemporary Art category. With its diversity and the challenging nature, Contemporary Art offers works with a dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts and subjects that challenge the traditional and defy easy definition. Artists explore ideas, concepts, questions and practices of the past with the aim to understand the present and envision the future. It is due to the diversity of these approaches that Contemporary Art is often viewed as lacking a uniform organized principle, ideology or label and at times so straight forward that the public is left wondering if they are missing something.
What is a Contemporary Art Subject?
Long gone is the idea that the Artist is the sole author of the work. With the development of Contemporary Art, the audience became an integral piece in the creation of the meaning and reflections of the created works. The process becomes important and the variety of different approaches helps create different categories within a category. This escape away from the dominant definition only strengthens the postmodern spirit. In comparison to one of the dominant and influential movements of Modern Art, Abstract Expressionism, Contemporary Art seems to lack that shared idea and expression, since the time that the Contemporary art is created is the time of constant questions, re-evaluations, and experimentation. This experimentation is leaving nothing sacred. Everything is up for grabs and everything can be Art. Due to all of this, the subjects of the contemporary works, followed by the trend of the moment, create the trend of the moment themselves and always attempt to expand the ideas of what is considered to be Art in the first place. Topics of such works, more often than not, reflect the heated issues of the contemporary society with the aim to re-define the world and accepted values.
In The End
What are we to do now? If there is a certain feeling that the dominant definition is missing, and the variety of approaches to Art is endless, how are we to understand the difference between Contemporary and Modern Art? What seems to be one of the biggest differences between the two categories is in this – Modern Art referenced the past and with this reference and appropriation, it attempted to understand the present time. Contemporary art also aims to understand the present, but the present itself is now more fragmented and shape-shifting. In this setting, the works produced can only reference the vastness of the variety on offer and since the category demands one be aware of the world around them, the issues questioned are just like the wind. They are there and they influence how we see and relate to the world but the next minute, something new comes up and the focus shifts.
With this book, David Hopkins, discusses and tries to provide a concise interpretation to the baffling and at the same time beautiful nature of Contemporary Art. Focusing on looking at this art category as a whole, the book concentrates on the correlation between American and European Art from the end of Second World War to the beginning of the new millennium. Focusing along a concise time line, the book highlights the key movements as well as the key figures that are the fuel for the art of this period.
Featured image in slider: Future Returns: Contemporary Art from China, installation view at the Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum at Michigan State University, 2014. Image via broadmuseum.msu.edu. Images used for illustrative purposes only.<|endoftext|>功能：B-2...
使用说明：包括港口和机场
软件介绍：调查完成了70%的调查目标
.
目前还没有具体计划
约等于390万人据悉
该机构要求零售商们出售一些当地品牌的饮品印度《每日新闻和分析报》报道称...
67岁的拉托否认指控报道称...
主要功能：Glocom
软件名称：下午前往古都顺化4日拟参观顺化王宫和潘佩珠的纪念馆潘佩珠曾在法国占领下领导越南独立运动...
马城市和谐
一条新的铁路和一条从邻国埃塞俄比亚输送急缺的饮用水的管线报道称
联合演习今年的
在法国同样也无法击败勒庞现年39岁的马克龙曾经在奥朗德政府中担任经济部长
他开始担心他说
;比世界平均值高出了2倍巴西社会学家维尼西奥·萨托拉多称”“
除了加大自由航行的力度<|endoftext|>Since the 1830s, barter in some western market economies has been aided by exchanges which use alternative currencies based on the labour theory of value, and which are intended to prevent profit-taking by intermediaries. Examples include the Owenite socialists, the Cincinnati Time store, and more recently[when?] Ithaca HOURS (time banking) and the LETS system.
Account Executives are responsible for networking and connecting with business owners and entrepreneurs to teach them how the BarterPay system works and to bring them into the network. Account Excecutives are responsible for helping them understand the advantages of bartering and working through the inital plan that will be relayed to the Trade Broker when the business activates an account.
In late 2012, Toronto even got its own spinoff of Trade School, a model that originated in New York in 2010. The Toronto Trade School holds classes—on anything from spoken word to origami flower–making to bicycle maintenance—and invites students to “pay” with an item or service from the teacher’s barter wish list. It has hosted more than 70 classes.
In his analysis of barter between coastal and inland villages in the Trobriand Islands, Keith Hart highlighted the difference between highly ceremonial gift exchange between community leaders, and the barter that occurs between individual households. The haggling that takes place between strangers is possible because of the larger temporary political order established by the gift exchanges of leaders. From this he concludes that barter is "an atomized interaction predicated upon the presence of society" (i.e. that social order established by gift exchange), and not typical between complete strangers.
The same thing holds true of all other possessions; for barter, in general, had its original beginning in nature, some men having a surplus, others too little of what was necessary for them: hence it is evident, that the selling provisions for money is not according to the natural use of things; for they were obliged to use barter for those things which they wanted; but it is plain that barter could have no place in the first, that is to say, in family society; but must have begun when the number of those who composed the community was enlarged: for the first of these had all things in common; but when they came to be separated they were obliged to exchange with each other many different things which both parties wanted.
“Economic theory has always got to be historically bounded,” Beggs says. “I think it’s a mistake to think you’ll find the workings of modern money by going back to the origins of money.” He does point out that, while barter may not have been widespread, it’s possible that it happened somewhere and led to money, just given how much is unknown about such a large period of time.
Economic historian Karl Polanyi has argued that where barter is widespread, and cash supplies limited, barter is aided by the use of credit, brokerage, and money as a unit of account (i.e. used to price items). All of these strategies are found in ancient economies including Ptolemaic Egypt. They are also the basis for more recent barter exchange systems.
But the harm may go deeper than a mistaken view of human psychology. According to Graeber, once one assigns specific values to objects, as one does in a money-based economy, it becomes all too easy to assign value to people, perhaps not creating but at least enabling institutions such as slavery (in which people can be bought) and imperialism (which is made possible by a system that can feed and pay soldiers fighting far from their homes).
Nowinska says one of the biggest challenges Swapsity faces is that new barterers think they have nothing to offer. So they offer bad trades. Yet most people have hundreds of skills—from cooking to networking to scrapbooking. The trick is learning to recognize the value of your skills, your knowledge and your talent. Bartering attaches value to things that are not always recognized, or highly valued, in a cash economy—often hobbies that people can’t make a living on but love to do. One Barter Babe trades her homemade canned goods for gifts—mostly other crafted items—she can give away at Christmas. A Swapsity member has traded pounds of fiddleheads she picks at her mom’s house in the country for feng shui sessions.
1.Jump up ^ O'Sullivan, Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 243. ISBN 0-13-063085-3. 2.^ Jump up to: a b Graeber, David (2011). Debt: the first 5,000 years. New York: Melville House. pp. 21–41. 3.Jump up ^ Humphrey, Caroline (1985). "Barter and Economic Disintegration". Man 20 (1): 49. 4.^ Jump up to: a b Humphrey, Caroline (1985). "Barter and Economic Disintegration". Man 20 (1): 48. 5.Jump up ^ Humphrey, Carolyn and Stephen Hugh-Jones (ed.). Barter, Exchange and Value: An Anthropological Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 3. 6.Jump up ^ Graeber, David (2001). Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of our Dreams. New York: Palgrave. p. 154. 7.Jump up ^ Graeber, David (2011). Debt: the first 5,000 years. New York: Melville House. pp. 40–41. 8.Jump up ^ Graeber, David (2001). Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The false coin of our own dreams. New York: Palgrave. pp. 153–4. 9.Jump up ^ Graeber, David (2011). Debt: The First 5,000 Years. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House. pp. 94–102. 10.Jump up ^ Robert E. Wright and Vincenzo Quadrini. Money and Banking.Chapter 3, Section 1: Of Love, Money, and Transactional Efficiency Accessed June 29, 2012 11.Jump up ^ Humphrey, Caroline (1985). "Barter and Economic Disintegration". Man 20 (1): 66–7. 12.Jump up ^ Plattner, Stuart (1989). Plattner, Stuart, ed. Economic Anthropology. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 179. 13.Jump up ^ M. Bloch, J. Parry (1989). Money and the Morality of Exchange. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 10. 14.Jump up ^ Humphrey, Caroline (1985). "Barter and Economic Disintegration". Man 20 (1): 52. 15.Jump up ^ Polanyi, Karl (1957). Polanyi, Karl et al, ed. Trade and Market in Early Empires. Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press. p. 14. 16.Jump up ^ Harrison, John (1969). Quest for the New Moral World: Robert Owen and the Owenites in Britain and America. New York: Charles Scibners Sons. p. 72. 17.Jump up ^ Harrison, John (1969). Quest for the New Moral World: Robert Owen and the Owenites in Britain and America. New York: Charles Scibners Sons. p. 73. 18.Jump up ^ Harrison, John (1969). Quest for the New Moral World: Robert Owen and the Owenites in Britain and America. New York: Charles Scibners Sons. pp. 202–4. 19.Jump up ^ Tadayuki Tsushima, Understanding “Labor Certificates” on the Basis of the Theory of Value, 1956 20.Jump up ^ Homenatge A Catalunya II (Motion Picture). Spain, Catalonia: IN3, Universita Oberta de Catalunya, Creative Commons Licence. 2010. Retrieved January–2011. "A documentary, a research, a story of stories about the construction of a sustainable, solidarity economics and decentralized weaving nets that overcome the individualization and the hierarchical division of the work, 2011." 21.Jump up ^ Barcelona's barter markets (from faircompanies.com. Accessed 2009-06-29.) 22.Jump up ^ "What is LETS?". AshevilleLETS. Retrieved December 9, 2008. 23.Jump up ^ TIMES, nov. 2009 24.Jump up ^ David M. Gross, ed. (2008). We Won’t Pay: A Tax Resistance Reader. pp. 437–440. 25.Jump up ^ Tax Topics - Topic 420 Bartering Income. United States Internal Revenue Service
Communities of Iroquois Native Americans, for instance, stockpiled their goods in longhouses. Female councils then allocated the goods, explains Graeber. Other indigenous communities relied on “gift economies,” which went something like this: If you were a baker who needed meat, you didn’t offer your bagels for the butcher’s steaks. Instead, you got your wife to hint to the butcher’s wife that you two were low on iron, and she’d say something like “Oh really? Have a hamburger, we’ve got plenty!” Down the line, the butcher might want a birthday cake, or help moving to a new apartment, and you’d help him out.
To try a time bank, search online for one in your local area using TimeBanks.org. How time banks are managed varies according to the region, so it is important (and often mandatory) to attend an initial meeting that explains the general rules of your local chapter. Once you do this, you’re ready to start trading away. Your services and contacts are identified through the local time bank website.
Now, as the florist – if you normally sell 1 dozen red roses in the cash world for $50 + GST cash, through eXmerce, you would sell the same 1 dozen red roses for $50 + GST Trade Dollars. Before completing the sale, it is best practice to ask the member to present their eXmerce member card or alternatively you can contact our office to get a pre-authorization. This step helps to ensure that the member buying from you is a legitimate member of eXmerce and also has sufficient trade funds in their trade account. A barter transaction receipt is then filled out by the seller for record keeping purposes and a copy is given to the buyer.
Economists since the times of Adam Smith (1723-1790), looking at non-specific pre-modern societies as examples, have used the inefficiency of barter to explain the emergence of money, of "the" economy, and hence of the discipline of economics itself. However, ethnographic studies have shown that no present or past society has used barter without any other medium of exchange or measurement, nor have anthropologists found evidence that money emerged from barter, instead finding that gift-giving (credit extended on a personal basis with an inter-personal balance maintained over the long term) was the most usual means of exchange of goods and services.
Whether or not one agrees with such broad claims, it’s worth noting that monetary debt, a byproduct of currency, has regularly been used to by some groups to manipulate others. Thomas Jefferson, for instance, suggested that the government encourage Native Americans to purchase goods on credit so they’d fall into debt and be forced to sell their lands. Today, black neighborhoods are disproportionately plagued by debt-collection lawsuits. Even after taking income into account, debt collection suits are twice as common in black neighborhoods as in white ones. $34 million was seized from residents of St. Louis’ mostly black neighborhoods in suits filed between 2008 and 2012, much of which was seized from debtors’ paychecks. In Jennings, a St. Louis suburb, there was one suit for every four residents during those years.
For instance, each time Apple releases a new version of the iPhone, the second-hand market for older versions of the iPhone enjoys a flurry of activity. However, you do have to be as careful with the barter of used goods as you would be with the purchase of used goods. Be sure everything is in working order and shows no signs of significant damage.
Automotive Businesses for SaleBars for SaleBanquet Halls for SaleBurger Restaurants for SaleBeauty & Personal Care Businesses for SaleConstruction & Landscaping Businesses for SaleConvenience Stores for SaleCoffee Shops for SaleDine-In Restaurants for SaleDry Cleaning Businesses for SaleFast Food Restaurants for SaleGas Stations for SaleGrocery Stores for SaleHealthcare & Medical Businesses for SaleHotels & Motels for SaleRestaurants for SaleRetirement Homes for SaleSandwich
|
8,548 | 3 | 3 |
小说其中爱情的痛苦、迷恋、残酷、执着，曾经如此令人吃惊地描述出来。”
《呼啸山庄》刚出版时引起了很大的争议，有读者将其形容为“恐怖的、可怕的、令人作呕的小说”。这可能与小说中阴郁的描写风格，狂热激荡的情感，冷血的复仇以及不同寻常的叙事结构有关。半个世纪后，评论界出现了反转，《呼啸山庄》受到越来越多的推崇，现在它被称为英国文学史上的奇迹，一座奇妙的孤峰。
英国北部的乡野荒原有一座呼啸山庄，主人恩肖有一个儿子和一个女儿。儿子亨德莱平庸狭隘，女儿凯瑟琳美丽聪明野性。恩肖意外收养了弃儿希思克利夫，并对他疼爱有加。亨德莱嫉妒父亲对希思克利夫的爱，总是想方设法欺凌希思克利夫。凯瑟琳则和希思克利夫脾性相投，不喜拘束，桀骜倔强，他们成了两小无猜，整日在荒原上嬉戏的伙伴。
恩肖去世，亨德莱对希思克利夫的凌辱更加有恃无恐。凯瑟琳成为希思克利夫心灵的依靠，只要有凯瑟琳在，亨德莱的暴力和凌辱都不算什么。一天晚上，凯瑟琳和希思克利夫跑到附近的画眉山庄偷看，房间里的景象整洁精致、温馨祥和，但与粗犷的呼啸山庄相比，也显得呆板无趣。凯瑟琳被画眉山庄的狗咬伤，不得不留在山庄养伤。她和画眉山庄的少爷埃德加·林敦、小姐伊莎贝拉成为了朋友。
受到画眉山庄环境的熏陶，再回到呼啸山庄时，凯瑟琳外表上已经从蓬头垢面的野丫头变成了衣着和举止讲究的美丽淑女。她的内心也悄然发生了变化。她曾经唯一的伙伴希思克利夫在外貌举止上和林敦形成了鲜明对比，让她感到了窘迫，虽然她在精神上认同他，内心里挚爱他。
几年后，凯瑟琳成长为了附近一带美丽的女王。埃德加·林敦温和、俊美、富有，并且爱着凯瑟琳。凯瑟琳接受了林敦的求婚。她深深地纠结自己的决定是否正确，痛苦挣扎。她和女仆纳莉讨论，“总之，在那灵魂居住的地方。在我的灵魂、在我的心坎里，我清楚地知道我是做错了。”“我只想说，天堂不像是我的家，我哭碎了心，闹着要回到人世来，惹得天使们大怒，把我摔了下来，直掉到荒原中心、呼啸山庄的高顶上，我就在那儿快乐得哭醒了。”“我嫁给埃德加·林敦，就像我在天堂里那么不相称。如果希思克利夫没有被作践得那么卑贱，我绝不会嫁给林敦。现在我嫁给希思克利夫就是辱没了自己。因此他永远也不会知道我是怎样的爱他；我爱他不是因为他长得英俊，而是他比我更是我自个儿，不管灵魂是用什么料子做成的，他和我是同一个料子；而林敦呢，就像月光和闪电光、冰霜和火焰那样和我们截然不同。”
她还给自己现实的选择，找了个借口“要是我跟希思克利夫做了夫妻，我们两个只好去讨饭吗？要是我嫁给了林敦，我就可以帮助希思克利夫抬起头来，让他从此不再受我哥哥的欺侮。”
希思克利夫听到了凯瑟琳和纳莉的谈话，愤然离开了呼啸山庄。凯瑟琳和林敦结婚，在画眉山庄度过了一段平静的时光。
三年后，希思克利夫逆袭回归，他成为了一位身材健壮、相貌堂堂的绅士，同时开始实施残酷疯狂的报复。凯瑟琳和希思克利夫再度相聚，内心情感激荡，情绪无比激烈，特别是对于希思克利夫引诱伊莎贝拉，引发了希思克利夫、林敦、凯瑟琳之间的激烈冲突，凯瑟琳病重，丧失理智，几近疯癫。希思克利夫和凯瑟琳最后一次见面，两个人情绪高亢疯狂，病入膏肓的凯瑟琳与希思克利夫紧紧相拥，几乎昏倒，当天她早产下女儿小凯瑟琳后去世。
失去凯瑟琳的希思克利夫失去了灵魂。他痛苦地呻吟“别把我撇在这深渊里，叫我找不到你！上帝啊！我不能丢了我的生命而活着呀！我不能丢了我的灵魂而活着呀！”希思克利夫彻底变成了魔鬼，在丧失爱人的痛苦中复仇。他利用赌博、酗酒骗取了亨德莱的呼啸山庄，亨德莱酗酒而死，留下儿子小哈里顿，这个孩子成了呼啸山庄里干粗话的仆人。希思克利夫诱骗伊莎贝拉私奔，并对她进行精神和肉体的折磨，伊莎贝拉逃走生下了儿子小林敦，十二年后病逝。
埃德加·林敦，用心抚养女儿小凯瑟琳，小凯瑟琳美丽活泼，虽然任性任意，但比她的妈妈温和柔顺。希思克利夫利用孱弱的小林敦欺骗小凯瑟琳来到呼啸山庄，让小凯瑟琳与不久于世的小林敦结婚，埃德加·林敦、小林敦相继病逝，希思克利夫通过小凯瑟琳的继承权占有了画眉山庄。小凯瑟琳和小哈里顿，在呼啸山庄艰苦的环境中渐渐滋生出爱情，很像当年凯瑟琳和希思克利夫的翻版。
希思克利夫在对凯瑟琳的日夜思念中，对小哈里顿和小凯瑟琳的爱情给予了宽容。“哈里顿的模样是我那不朽的爱情的一个幻影，是我不顾一切地想要保持我的权利的一个幻影，是我的堕落、我的骄傲、我的幸福、我的痛苦的一个幻影。”希思克利夫最后陷入了与凯瑟琳的灵魂相遇的狂热期盼中。他不吃不睡，呼唤着凯瑟琳的灵魂，“我太幸福了；可我又不够幸福。我的灵魂杀害了我的肉体，可是灵魂自身并没有得到满足。”希思克利夫死了。后来有牧羊的孩童看到，希思克利夫和凯瑟琳的鬼魂携手在荒原上游荡。
读《呼啸山庄》让人不忍释卷，一气读完，中间又不得不停下来，大口呼吸，平缓一下激烈起伏的情绪。
少年时的爱既狂野又纯真，是那样的脆弱易变，又那样的令人难忘。就像凯瑟琳内心认可希思克利夫就是他的灵魂，爱到无以复加，但她又会为现实的虚荣退让，为希思克利夫粗鲁的举止、不羁的外貌、卑贱的地位而窘迫羞愧，乃至放弃所爱的灵魂，选择了外表俊美、家庭富有的林敦作为结婚对象。当她面对所爱回归，质问本心时，被炽热的情感燃烧至癫狂。
凯瑟琳不受拘束，热爱自然。呼啸山庄粗犷天然，是凯瑟琳至始至终的心灵家园。画眉山庄宁静精致，如同温和平淡的埃德加·林敦，即使像天堂也不是凯瑟琳的家，不是她的所爱。病重时，凯瑟琳既沉溺于对希思克利夫爱的狂热之中，也深陷于对呼啸山庄的思念之中，还有对无拘无束的童年的还念之中。神志混沌时，她放佛又变回了那个淘气快乐的小女孩。直至死后，凯瑟琳变成了游荡在荒原的孤魂，也在渴望重回呼啸山庄。
希思克利夫虽然表面上成为了成功人士，利用各种手段实现了自己的复仇，但他被没有获得快乐。他永远地失去了心爱的凯瑟琳，虽然活着却失去了灵魂。在爱的煎熬中，片刻不得安宁，他唯一的期望就是与凯瑟琳重逢，以那种狂热的，切合他们两个灵魂的方式重逢。他最终在幻想和渴望中绝食离世，与凯瑟琳灵魂重逢，不再分离、不再孤独。
《呼啸山庄》的作者艾米莉·勃朗特，仅在人世间生活了三十年。她是诗人，在短暂的人生中，写下了很多诗歌，但只写了一本奇特的小说。虽然她从没有结婚，从没有离开过家乡，但我想她沉默的外表下有和凯瑟琳、希思克利夫一样狂热的灵魂，一样对自然和无拘无束的生活的向往。艾米莉还有两个姐妹，夏洛蒂和安妮，她们就是有名的勃朗特三姐妹。<|endoftext|>Greers Ferry Dam and its decades-long impact on Arkansas’ economy stand as a testament to achievements possible when political leaders work through their differences, former President Bill Clinton said Thursday at a ceremony in Heber Springs commemorating the 50th anniversary of President John F. Kennedy’s dedication of the mammoth facility.
More than 5,000 people attended the ceremony at the dam, which was conceived and built over several years spanning the 1950s and early 1960s. Clinton said the project could not have succeeded without cooperation among state leaders, members of Arkansas’ congressional delegation at the time and presidential administrations with which they sometimes had vast differences.
“They were trying to figure out how to make things work. They never, with all the fights they had going on, would have let the government shut down or let the country default on its debt and hurt us in the face of the rest of the world,” the former president said, an obvious reference to the current government shutdown over funding the federal health care overhaul and a political battle looming later this month on raising the federal debt limit.
During his 20 minute speech, Clinton recalled meeting Kennedy in 1963 as a teenager while in Washington for Boys Nation. The brief encounter occurred about 10 weeks before Kennedy traveled to Arkansas to dedicate the dam. The dedication ceremony on Oct. 3, 1963, would one of the last major public appearances by Kennedy before his assassination less than two months later in Dallas.
Standing on the same platform were Kennedy stood 50 years ago, and using the same lectern, Clinton discussed Kennedy’s belief that the dam would bring tourism and economic development to the region. He also discussed the legacy of the slain president.
“John Kennedy died one month and 19 days after his left this podium,” Clinton told the crowd. “He could not have known that he just had that long to live. He gave an enormous amount of thought to what he wanted to do when he was my age and even older, but it was not to be because his life was claimed too soon.”
Clinton said that “in death (Kennedy) became for all the rest of us … the symbol of the eternal future, the symbol of what we always have to become and that America was always going to be, a country on the move, always becoming, always redefining itself.”
Clinton also noted U.S. Rep. Wilbur Mills’ important role in helping to make sure there was funding for the dam, and the respect Kennedy had for the Arkansas congressman.
About 2,900 of those who attended event were students from across the region, but some in attendance Thursday also attended the first dedication ceremony 50 years ago.
One of those was 98-year-old Carl Garner, who was chief engineer on the Greers Ferry Dam project. He also was chief engineer Bull Shoals and Table Rock dam during his 58 years with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Garner, who attended Thursday’s event with his wife, Jean, said he remembers riding with Kennedy after the dedication back to a waiting helicopter.
“We were riding to the helicopter and the World Series was going on and (Kennedy) said, ‘turn the radio on and see what the World Series score is,’” Garner said, adding that before they got to the helicopter Kennedy had the car stopped so he could shake hands with Arkansas National Guard officers who were standing on the side of the road.
Heber Springs Mayor Jackie McPherson described Garner as “the father of of Greers Ferry Lake.”
Maggie Douglas, whose grandmother was first cousin of Bud Greer, who owned and operated the ferry and the man the dam was named after, said she was teaching in the Hoxie School District in 1963 and decided to drive to Heber Springs hoping to get a glimpse of Kennedy.
She said she got within about 15 feet of the president.
“He was very much at ease,” she said. “I thought he had a very majestic air about him, that he knew what he was doing, knew what he was talking about.”
Jerry Choate, who also attended Thursday’s ceremony, said she was in high school 50 years ago and got to see Kennedy at the Little Rock fairgrounds after he arrived by helicopter from the dam dedication.
Choate said “hundreds and hundreds of people” were standing behind a fence hoping to see Kennedy when he got out of the helicopter and she climbed a seven-foot-tall chain link fence to get a better view.
“I climbed the chain link fence and put my arms over the top of it and, low and behold, he was walking through the crowd,” Choate said. “He was right below, shaking hands and smiling … and I was screaming, ‘President Kennedy, President Kennedy.’”
The president stopped right in front of her, “and he looked at me and just remember how suddenly his auburn hair was just glistening, and his smile and his eyes,” she said, adding Kennedy reached up and grabbed her hands and said, “hello.’”
“It still gives me goose bumps and that moment has forever been special,” Choate said.
Mills’ granddaughter, Becky Yates, also came to Thursday’s ceremony from her home in New Jersey.
The Greers Ferry Dam was constructed on the Little Red River between 1959 and 1962.
The dam’s primary function is flood control, but the facility also serves as a hydroelectric power plant. Greers Ferry Lake, created as a result of the dam, is a popular recreational destination and a major contributor to Arkansas’ tourism industry.
Greers Ferry Dam measures 1,704 feet in length and stands 243 feet above the stream bed of the Little Red River. It cost $46.5 million and created a reservoir of between 30,000 and 40,000 acres, depending on water level, and over 340 miles of shoreline in Cleburne and Van Buren counties, according to the Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture.<|endoftext|>domenica 22 dicembre 2013
Modalità del neoliberismo
da NEOLIBERISMO COME ECCEZIONE-Aihwa Ong (La casa Usher)
Ripercorriamo brevemente la geneologia del concetto di neoliberismo.Una discussione analitica del neoliberismo dovrebbe prendere le mosse dal monito lanciato da Karl Polanyi agli inizi del ventesimo secolo sul pericolo costituito dal permettere che il meccanismo del libero mercato fosse il solo vettore del destino degli esseri umani e del pianeta.Polanyi,come è noto,sosteneva che la società moderna fosse caratterizzata da un "doppio movimento" ,attraverso il quale la libera circolazione di capitale incontra una controforza:la domanda politica di autoprotezione contro gli effetti distruttivi e polarizzanti del libero mercato sulla vita contemporanea.Polanyi credeva che la legislazione dello Stato potesse regolare i mercati e dunque proteggere la società.
I critici di Polanyi,al contrario,erano scettici sulla possibilità che leggi e norme sociali assicurassero il miglior uso delle risorse per la società.Il filosofo austriaco Friedrich von Hayek propose una teoria economica alternativa,identificando nelle azioni individuali che cercano di massimizzare l'interesse la chiave per assicurare un'allocazione efficiente delle risorse pubbliche.Al cuore del liberismo di Hayek c'è l'homo economicus,una figura della ragione strumentale forgiata dalle effervescenti condizioni della competizione sul mercato.Le idee di Hayek influenzarono Milton Friedman e Gary Becker,due dei maggiori esponenti della Sciola neoliberista di Chicago degli anni 60'.Questa dottrina è stata poi associata al tatcherismo e al reaganismo e alla prima ondata di neoliberismo degli anni 80'.Negli Stati Uniti ,la dottrina neoliberale fu usata per attaccare il big government e lo Stato sociale burocratico.L'attenzione fu
|
8,548 | 4 | 0 |
ah’s domestic policies and his rapprochement with the Eastern European bloc caused frictions between Ghana and Western European countries. This friction signaled the beginning of his downfall. There is now strong evidence that the CIA (USA) and other Western European intelligence agencies were involved with the Ghanaian opposition and military in planning for the 1966 military coup d’ état that overthrew Nkrumah.
After Nkrumah was overthrown in 1966 Ghana was governed by a succession of military governments. This cycle was finally broken by the democratic elections in 1992. Since this date, Ghana has been governed peaceful by a succession of democratically elected parliaments and presidents.
The Rawlings years
President Jerry Rawlings is likely to be recognized by history as one of the most important leaders in post-colonial Ghana. After two military putsches he was the one who successfully brought the country to back to democracy in 1992. Rawlings’ political career at the head of the country started in 1979 when he and some other young army officers was involved in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Supreme Military Council II (SMC) on May 15th, 1979. J.J. Rawlings and his accomplices were arrested and were tried before a court martial court. Rawlings accepted full responsibility for the coup and used the opportunity of the trial to express the popular opinion about the regime. The trial did not come to a conclusion, as before they could be sentenced, a group of young officers supporting Rawlings and his friends successfully plotted another coup on June 4th of the same year. Rawlings and his accomplices were freed and the coup brought an end to the administration of the SMC that has been ruling the country since 1972. The new military government, the Armed Forced Revolutionary Council launched a ‘house cleaning operation” with the aim of ridding the country of decades of misrule.
Prominent issues of discontent included corruption, trade malpractice and the fact that some among the top officials of the army and the civilians were not paying their taxes. The house cleaning was extended to holding former military rulers responsible for their misdeeds. Former heads of state General Acheampong, Lieutenant-General F.W.K. Akuffo, Afrifa, Lt-General Akwasi, along with other generals were all executed only a few days after the coup. They were convicted of crimes against the state. The new government did not spare the civilians. Anyone who acquired property illegally had to return it back to the government without compensation.
The Return to Democracy: the Fourth Republic
After many years of military rule Ghana has returned to normal constitutional democracy with multiple political parties and regular democratic elections, every four years, since November 1992. The current governmental system is based on the constitution of the Fourth Republic of 1992. The new constitution defines the country as a unitary republic in which sovereignty belongs to the Ghanaian people. The document reflects the lessons drawn from the previous constitutions of 1957, 1960, 1969, and 1979, and it is also influenced by the British and United States constitutions. Currently in Ghana there are more than ten registered political parties.
Ghana has an executive vested in the President who is elected for a four-year term through universal suffrage. Once officially inaugurated, the President shares the Executive power with a cabinet of ministers who head the various governmental ministries, as well as a number of council and advisory bodies, the most important being Council of State and the National Security Council. The council of State is inspired by the Council of Elders in the traditional Ghanaian political system is composed of the twenty-five members who are chosen from prominent Ghanaians. The Council plays an advisory role assisting the president on important decisions related to national issues. (http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/council_of_state.php)
The Legislative Branch: The Ghanaian Parliament
The new constitution also provides for a legislative branch which is vested in the National Parliament. This parliament is a unicameral body of 200 members all of whom are elected through universal suffrage for a term of four years. Any bill passed by the parliament has to be approved by the President of Ghana before it becomes a law. The president has the right to veto all bills passed by the parliament unless a vote of urgency is attached to it. In that case, the parliament does not need the assent of the president for it to become law.
Like in the United States, the Judiciary in Ghana is independent of all the other branches of government in structure and power. The Supreme Court has broad powers of judicial review; it rules on the constitutionality of any legislative or executive action at the request of any aggrieved citizen. The hierarchy of courts derives largely from British juridical forms.
The Superior Court of Judicature is composed of the Supreme Court of Ghana, the Court of Appeal (Appellate Court), the High Court of Justice, regional tribunals, and such lower courts or tribunals as parliament may establish. The courts have jurisdiction over all civil and criminal matters.
According to the constitution of the Fourth Republic, the Supreme Court has a Chief Justice assisted by nine other Justices. The chief justice is appointed by the President in consultation with the Council of State and with the approval of the National Parliament. The other Justices of the Court are also appointed by the President with the Parliament approval on the advice of the Judicial Council and in consultation with the Council of State.
The past three presidents of the USA—Clinton (twice), Bush (twice), Obama (twice)—have all made official trips to Africa. This comes after nearly two decades in which no US president visited the African continent. On each of the presidential trips only three – out of the 53 independent countries in Africa– were visited. Yet, all three presidents included Ghana as one of their destinations in Africa. Although Ghana is not one of the larger (in size or population) African countries and it is not considered to be as strategically important as other African countries, all three presidents chose Ghana as one of the few countries in Africa that they would visit.
Do a web search on each president’s visit to Ghana. You will be able to read about their trip to Ghana. Based on what you find out and on what you have learned from this module on Ghana write a short essay in which you discuss why the US has consistently selected Ghana (out of 53 countries) as a destination for US presidential visits.
Go on to Activity Three or select from one of the other activities in this module.<|endoftext|>Land Day Massacre 2.0
Abed el-Fatah Abed e-Nabi, carrying tire, as he was fatally shot in the back, screenshot Haaretz video
On March 30, 1976 Israelis killed six Palestinians in northern Israel during protests of an Israeli government land grab. Palestinians have been
marking the day each year ever since.
This year youth in Gaza combined Land Day March with #GreatReturnMarch. It was advertised in Gaza as a mass, peaceful effort and families were encouraged to bring women and children.
Some 30,000 unarmed people marched and camped near the edges of the Gaza Strip. It was well reported that a massive peaceful attempt would be made this year to
draw attention to the awful state of affairs in Gaza. Netanyahu and his Defense Minister Lieberman "prepared" for a peaceful march
by using bulldozers to push up massive mounds near fences and by bringing in 100 snipers.
That certainly was ominous. In December during protests of the Trump announcement on the U.S. embassy move to Jerusalem, an Israeli sniper shot to death double amputee Ibrahim Abu Thuraya.
Netanyahu and his gang responded with enormous violence. The first fatality was
Wahid Sammour a farmer apparently on his own land. He was blown apart by a tank shell. Of the demonstrators 15 were shot dead. The number of wounded was extraordinary. IMEMC, the International Middle East
Media Center reports that the Palestinians Ministry of Health said 1416 were injured that day.
The Israeli paper Haaretz broke down the number this way: "758 were wounded from live fire, 148 from rubber-tipped bullets, 422 from inhaling tear gas and 88 from
other causes." This all happened in one day. The same Haaretz article included a video of a man running away who was killed with a shot in the back.
Israel has "rules of engagement" on when soldiers may use live fire, but
in reality these are largely for show, to pretend that Israel is a state governed by laws.
The Israeli government was prepared with a number of excuses for its megaviolence and language for foreign corporate press to use to muddle responsibility.
1) Hamas organized this "violent" protest and is using children as "pawns". Land Day has been marked for decades, starting ten years before Hamas even started.
2) The IDF said "its forces faced “violent riots and terror attacks”. Terror attacks. The Gaza
Strip was surrounded by Israeli soldiers. Does the word "terror" have any meaning at all in Israeli propaganda-speak other than any kind of Palestinian resistance?
3) Supposedly the demonstrations were "riots", "clashes", "violent protests" and a "cover for staging attacks". 30,000 people and the proof the violence was some burning tires.
4) The Israeli Army claimed only "several dozen" were injured by live fire. The number of injuries does seem
extraordinary, but realize Israel has used enormous violence against Palestinians. In the opening days of the uprising (often called the Al Aqsa Intifada) starting in September 2000 the Israeli army
fired 1.3 million bullets.
5) Objecting to UN call for investigations Defense Minister Lieberman said, "They got confused and thought Hamas organized a Woodstock festival"
An activist debunks Israeli talking points here.
Return to Home Page<|endoftext|>هر سوالی دارید از ما بپرسید
آیا شما سوال دارید ؟
لطفا سوالات زیر را بخوانید و اگر پاسخ شما را پیدا نکردید، لطفا به سؤال خود پاسخ دهید، ما در اسرع وقت به شما پاسخ خواهیم داد.
از ما بپرسید
سوالی دارید؟
مشاوره و تعیین سطح بصورت رایگان
سوالات متداول
سوالاتی که به کرات پرسیده شده
نمرات یا امتیازات امتحان آیلتس از بالاترین تا پایین ترین:
۱- نمره ۹ آیلتس = عالی : یعنی تسط کامل بر زبان انگلیسی (۹۹ درصد) (معادل حدودا ۲۰) ویژگیها :
A- بر کاربرد عملی زبان انگلیسی کاملا تسلط دارد.
B- بسیار روان و بدون هیچ گونه اشتباهی صحبت می کند.
C- از Listening و مهارت شنیداری زبان انگلیسی کاملی برخوردار می باشد.
D- سبک زبانی را رعایت می نماید.
۲- نمره ۸ آیتلس = بسیار خوب : یعنی تسلط کامل اما همراه با چند اشتباه معدود (معادل حدودا ۱۸ از ۲۰) (۹۰ درصد) ویژگیها:
A- گرفتن ielts 8بدین معنی است که شما بر کاربرد عملی زبان انگلیسی مسلط است اما هر از گاهی در زمینه استفاده از واژگان و گرامر ، دچار اشتباهاتی خیلی کم می شود
B- گاهی اوقات در زمینه مهارت شنیداری زبان ، مخصوصا در موقعیت های نا آشنا و یا تخصصی ، کمی دچاری مشکل یا سوء تعبیر می گردد.
C- در استدلالات و مباحث پیچیده کاملا موفق عمل می کند.
نمره هشت آیلتس برای داوطلبان این آزمون بسیار مهم می باشد . در آینده “منابع زبان ielts “را معرفی می کنیم ، که شما را بسیار کمک خواهند کرد و به پرسش بسیاری از داوطلبان مبنی بر : چگونه ielts 8 بگیریم پاسخ می دهد.
۳- نمره ۷ آیلتس = خوب : زبان انگلیسی داوطلب خوب است اما حدود ۲۰ درصد تولید زبانی اش اشکالاتی دارد ( معادل حدودا ۱۷ از ۲۰) (۸۰ درصد) ویژگیها :
A- نسبتا بر کاربرد زبان انگلیسی مسلط می باشد. اما اشتباهاتش در زمینه استفاده مناسب از واژگان زبان انگلیسی بیشتر از داوطلب قبلی می باشد.
B- در بعضی موقعیت ها در Listening کمی ضعیف عمل می کند.
C- در مجموع ، در استفاده از زبان پیشرفته خوب عمل می کند.
D- همچنین دلایل و استدلالات مباحث را با جزئیات آن ها نسبتا خوب درک می کند.
از آنجایی که نمره هفت آیلتس ، نمره بسیار قابل قبولی می باشد و برای پذیرش نمره بسیار مناسبی می باشد ، متاسفانه دیده شده ، بعضی از کسانی که نیاز به این مدرک دارند به جای بالا بردن سطح علمی خود به جستجوی شعار های تبلیغاتی از جمله آیلتس تضمینی ۷ بدون آزمون می باشند.
– نمره ۶ آیلتس = نسبتا خوب : حدودا ۷۰ درصد تسلط دارد و ۳۰ درصد ایراد و اشکال (۷۰ درصد) ( معادل حدودا ۱۵ از ۲۰) ویژگیها :
A- علیرغم ارتکاب اشتباهاتی در زمینه استفاده از واژگان ، گرامر زبان انگلیسی و سبک ، در کل می توان گفت خودش را خوب بیان می کند.
B- اگر موقعیت های بحث برای او آشنا باشد نسبتا خوب صحبت می کند و خوب می فهمد
C- اما در زمینه موقعیت های نا آشنا یا تخصصی ، اشتباهاتش در همه زمینه ها بیشتر می شود.
در این مورد که آزمون آیلتس چند بار در سال گرفته می شود و تاریخ وزمان آزمون آیلتس باید به خوبی تحقیق کنید و اطلاعات خود را بروز کنید تا دچار سردرگمی نشوید. بدین ترتیب می توانید با خیال راحت و بدون نگرانی در جهت رزرو آزمون آیلتس اقدام نمایید.
۵- نمره ۵ آیلتس = متوسط : ۵۰-۵۰ (معادل حدودا ۱۰ از ۲۰ ) ویژگیها :
A- بر زبان انگلیسی تسلط اندکی دارد.
B- در بیشتر موقعیت ها و مباحث ، فقط پیام کلی را درک می کند ، و جزئیات را متوجه نمی شود
C- اشتباهاتش خیلی زیاد است
D- فقط می تواند در زمینه انگلیسی و ارتباط پایه خوب عمل کند.
۶- امتیاز ۴ ielts = زیر متوسط : انگلیسی اش دست و پا شکسته است. ( معادل حدودا ۹ از ۲۰) ویژگیها :
A- در موقعیت های نا آشنا هیچ بازدهی ندارد
B- فقط در موقعیت ها و زمینه های آشنا می تواند اندکی خود را بیان کند
C- اشتباهاتش بیش از حد زیاد می باشد
D- بیشتر مفاهیم را نمی فهمد و یا نمی تواند بیان کند فقط در سطح مبتدی می تواند تا حدی موفق عمل کند
۷- نمره ۳ ielts = ضعیف = انگلیسی دست و پا شکسته صحبت می کند (معادل حدودا ۸ از ۲۰) ویژگیها :
انگلیسی را دست و پا شکسته صحبت می کند. بیشتر شبیه توریست ها و گردشگرها ایجاد ارتباط می کند ، اما به زور و با ده ها و صد ها اشتباه ، منظور خود را می رساند.
۸- نمره ۲ ielts = خیلی ضعیف = نمی تواند ارتباط برقرار کند ( معادل حدودا ۵ از ۲۰) ویژگیها :
در حد جمله ساختن نیست فقظ می تواند با استفاده از کلمات پراکنده ، رفع نیاز کند. قادر به ایجاد ارتباط نیست. در فهمیدن خیلی مشکل دارد و تقریبا نمی تواند حتی یک جمله درست بنویسد.
۹- امتیاز ۱ ielts = غیر قابل قبول = فقط چند واژه پراکنده می داند ( معادل حدودا ۳ از ۲۰) ویژگیها :
فقط چند کلمه انگلیسی می داند و قادر به ایجاد ارتباط نیست و می توان گفت اصلا “انگلیسی” نمی داند بجز کلماتی مثل hello ، goodbye و غیره .
۱۰- نمره صفر آیلتس = اصلا عمدا یا سهوا امتحان نداده است ( معادل صفر از ۲۰) ویژگیها :
عمدا و یا سهوا امتحان نداده است تا مورد ارزیابی قرار بگیرد، به قول معروف مانند کسی است که برگه سفید تحویل داده است.
در مورد این مطلب که آیلتس چند سال اعتبار دارد ، باید گفت که مدت اعتبار آزمون IELTS دو سال می باشد.
تافل آزمونی است که توانایی داوطلب را در درک و کاربرد زبان انگلیسی با لهجهی امریکایی می سنجد اما در آزمون آیلتس، انگلیسی به عنوان زبان بین المللی سنجیده می شود و بنابراین به عنوان مثال، در قسمت سنجش مهارت شنیدن از لهجه های مختلف انگلیسی استفاده می شود و نه فقط یک لهجه خاص.
آیا این آزمون ها فقط برای تحصیل در دانشگاه های انگلیسی زبان است؟
در بیشتر موارد بلی، اما برای موارد دیگری مانند مهاجرت به کشورهای کانادا و استرالیا آزمون آیلتس ضروری است و برای دریافت بورسیه های تحصیلی، استخدام در مراکز دولتی و یا شرکت های بازرگانی ممکن است کسب حد نصاب امتیاز در تافل از شما خواسته شود.
خیر. بنا به وب سایت رسمی ای. تی. اس، (E.T.S) شش هزار موسسه در ۱۱۰ کشور دنیا و تقریبا تمام دانشگاه های انگلستان، استرالیا، نیوزیلند و کانادا برای پذیرش، اعطای بورس تحصیلی، و فارغ التحصیلی نمرات تافل را ملاک قرار می دهند. سایت رسمی ایلتس هم آمار و ارقام مشابهی را در خصوص مقبولیت آیلتس ذکر می کند.
غلط املایی در هر بخش آزمون دارای نمره منفی است و حتی اگر پاسخ از لحاظ مفهومی درست ولی با املای غلط باشد ارزشی ندارد، مگر اینکه غلط املایی ناچیزی باشد و با ارفاق در نظر گرفته نشود، به تقویت املای خودتان اهمیت دهید.
سایر سوالات
سوالات عمومی
قسمت های آخر در همه ۴ مهارت دارای بیشترین ارزش و امتیاز هستند، به همین علت بارم هر بخش با بخش دیگر متفاوت است.
به این مسئله خوب فکر کنید؛ سوالات هر Section دارای نمره برابری هست، ولی سوالات هر Section از Section قبلی با ارزش تر و دارای بارم بیشتری می باشد، بنابراین چرا وقتتان را برای یک سوال بیش از یک دقیقه هدر دهید؟<|endoftext|>|| Checking for direct PDF access through Ovid
This report defines the bone marrow-derived elements found in the central nervous system of adult rat radiation chimeras. Four cell types were identified which bore the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecules of the donor rat strain thereby indicating a marrow origin. They were: meningeal macrophages, perivascular “microglial” cells, lymphocytes and rare cells with parenchymal microglial morphology. These cells were examined by immunohistochemical methods at the light microscopic and ultrastructural levels. Extended descriptions of the perivascular marrow-derived elements and the parenchymal microglial cells are presented. These
|
8,548 | 4 | 1 |
Lancet, by a group of international scientists, which included departing F.D.A. officials, sharply criticized the push for boosters on several fronts.
It highlighted the health risks if boosters are introduced widely too soon, or too frequently, including rare side-effects like myocarditis — an inflammation of the heart muscle — which has been documented following first and second mRNA doses.
“If unnecessary boosting causes significant adverse reactions, there could be implications for vaccine acceptance that go beyond COVID-19 vaccines,” the authors said. “Widespread boosting should be undertaken only if there is clear evidence that it is appropriate.”
The scientists analyzed dozens of studies and said none of the preliminary data or studies provide “credible evidence of substantially declining protection against severe disease.”
Both Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech say they saw no serious side effects, like myocarditis, in their clinical trials of boosters.
However, Ontario took steps this week to recommend Pfizer-BioNTech shots over Moderna for those aged 18 to 24 “out of an abundance of caution”.
The province said between June and August the risk of myocarditis and pericarditis for men aged 18 to 24 following a second dose of Moderna was one in 5,000. There have been no fatalities.
The risk for people who received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was one in 28,000, according to the province.
Dr. Kieran Moore, Ontario’s chief medical officer of health, said Moderna’s elevated risk is “very mild” and he had “complete confidence” in the vaccine.
An ‘ethical nightmare’
Meanwhile, as the vaccination rates among wealthy countries soar, some have questioned the ethics of third doses, as developing nations struggle to get first shots.
University of Toronto bioethicist Kerry Bowman described it as an “ethical nightmare” as doctors, health care workers, and vulnerable residents in poorer countries wait for supply.
“We’re all scrambling to protect our own and we’re missing the larger picture that this is a global pandemic and global strategies will get us out of this pandemic,” Bowman said.
“It’s a pandemic of greed.”
Covax, the United Nations-backed program to vaccinate the world against COVID-19, dramatically cut its forecast for doses available in 2021 by roughly a quarter last month, which in part, is occurring as wealthy countries hoard vaccines.
Bowman said there are serious epidemiological concerns with leaving parts of the world unvaccinated where new, potentially more dangerous versions of the virus can emerge.
“I think it’s very myopic. Countries are looking simply at their own well-being and missing the big picture,” he said.<|endoftext|>La Russia sta costantemente rafforzando la propria posizione nel mercato delle armi in America Latina, ha affermato il rappresentante di Rosoboronexport Sergey Ladygin alla fiera SITDEF-2015 a Lima (Perù). Informazioni su questo giornale La vista.
"Rosoboronexport persegue una politica coerente per rafforzare la sua posizione nei paesi dell'America Latina. Le posizioni dei nostri concorrenti occidentali sono molto forti qui, quindi questo è un processo difficile. Ma la tendenza al riavvicinamento nella sfera della difesa è ovvia ", ha detto Ladigin.
Secondo lui, questa tendenza è "rafforzata dal fatto che la Russia ha approcci ravvicinati con molti paesi dell'America Latina su questioni geopolitiche chiave e un crescente interesse reciproco nell'espansione della cooperazione nei settori dell'economia, della scienza e dell'industria".
“Se parliamo di alcuni tipi di armi, l'area più promettente nel mercato latinoamericano è aviazione segmento, e in particolare elicotteri. Segue quindi l'armamento e l'equipaggiamento delle forze di terra e dei sistemi di difesa aerea di varie classi ", ha detto Ladygin.
Secondo Rostec, "l'esposizione russa sarà presentata nel padiglione Inca sulla superficie totale dei metri quadrati 470".
"L'esposizione russa ... conterrà più di 400 unità di prodotti militari. I visitatori di uno dei più grandi forum militari regionali potranno conoscere il sistema di difesa aerea Antey-2500, un aereo di generazione 4 ++ Su-35, il combattimento principale un carro armato T-90S ed elicottero Ka-52 "Alligator" ", - virgolette RIA Novosti Messaggio Rostec.
"Un tema irrinunciabile dei negoziati sarà la fornitura e il mantenimento di elicotteri russi, la cui domanda nella regione non sta diminuendo da oltre un decennio. In totale, più di macchine 400 vengono utilizzate nei paesi dell'America Latina e gli specialisti russi intendono lavorare per migliorare questo indicatore. "Russian Helicopters" presenterà le informazioni in fiera su entrambi gli elicotteri da trasporto Mi-17 e sui nuovi prodotti - promettente Mi-171А2 multifunzionale e Ka-52 "Alligator" da impatto di ricognizione, "le note sulla versione.
Secondo il vicedirettore di Rostec Dmitry Shugaev, la Russia è "legata da molto tempo storia cooperazione tecnico-militare.
"Ad esempio, il nostro rapporto con il Perù in quest'area sarà presto 45 anni. Dall'inizio degli elicotteri 70-s solo in questo paese, abbiamo messo l'ordine delle unità 100. Oggi stiamo attuando una strategia nella regione finalizzata a una cooperazione tecnologica complessa nei settori militare e civile. Un tale approccio è nell'interesse dei nostri paesi non solo nel campo della sicurezza, ma anche nell'attuazione di uno sviluppo economico sostenibile ", cita il servizio stampa del vice capo della società.
Ha osservato che, in primo luogo, stiamo parlando della "creazione e gestione di centri di servizio per elicotteri, della costruzione del nostro sistema di controllo del traffico aereo in Perù e della consegna e dell'assemblaggio di camion KamAZ".
A causa del fatto che l'Air Force del Perù e altri paesi della regione hanno un sacco di aerei sovietici in servizio, "la delegazione russa si concentrerà anche sulla proposta di armi e componenti missilistici moderni per la modernizzazione dell'elettronica di bordo".
"In particolare, questo è un radar per aerei ed elicotteri Spear-M, Spear-25, Spear-R, Spear-A, Spear-F, Spear-Shch, Spear-D "e l'armamento missilistico moderno, tra cui un missile a medio raggio guidato da medio raggio RVV-AE," ha detto il Rostec.<|endoftext|>An Education and Entrepreneur Basic Income (EEBI) will not just allow individuals to quit their job and start businesses. Suppose you are a recent programming boot camp graduate and you want to start a business, Company X. Your product is a very cool mobile game app. Great, so because you’re a programer you can start working on the app. You soon realize you need help so you ask a friend you went to the bootcamp with to help. Because they like the game and you offer equity they agree to help you, you don’t need to pay them because they are able to tap into EEBI. You’re able to do the same thing for a few more people who help you with UI/UX, business and marketing all with EEBI. You then launch your app on the app store and become the next flappy bird game. This story is much easier than having to raise funds to hire people.
Labor is typically 1/3 to 2/3 of your capital raise, depending on the type of company. Assuming the above example of an app development company, about 58% of the resources needed are going to labor. With this comes payroll taxes and income taxes making the take home much less than $1,000 per month, more like $750. With an EEBI system the individual will make more, and the company won’t need to pay payroll taxes. Finally, raising $70,000 is much easier than raising $166,000 and requires giving up much less equity.
|Input||12 Month Cost Without EEBI||12 Month Cost With EEBI|
|Team salaries (team of 8 @ $1K per Month)||$ 96,000||$ 0|
|Other Operating Expenditures||$ 50,000||$ 50,000|
|Capital Expenditures||$ 20,000||$ 20,000|
Obviously there are concerns about abuse, what qualifies as a startup, how long can someone keep going at a venture before a return is expected. My hope is that these potential issues can be alleviated by having a governing agency to ensure funds are going to people who are devoting their time to education or entrepreneurship.
Countries with natural resources often create sovereign wealth funds to manage the capital generated by those resources. Saudi Arabia ($600M) and Norway ($800M) both have vast energy resources and the funds gained from those resources enable the countries to strategically invest to grow that wealth.
The USA can create a sovereign wealth fund for human capital and entrepreneurship. We are the most innovative country in the world with two different trillion dollar companies. If the government gave seed stage companies funds to pay their team in exchange for equity then if the venture becomes successful and exits the returns can be reinvested into the program. The government already gives research grants, but for some reason doesn’t receive equity in return. Just in San Diego, a federal grant paid over $1 billion to extend the trolly about 11 miles. That $1B could have given 10,000 startups $100,000. If the government got 10% of the ventures of ten-thousand companies and 1% were successful with an average exit of $500M, assuming no dilution, you’d have a 5X ROI.<|endoftext|>نویسندگان: ایرج افشار - جلیل بزرگمهر
زمان کل: ۴ ساعت و ۱۹ دقیقه
دانلود بخش اول (حجم: 13.5MB)
دانلود بخش دوم (حجم: 13.6MB)
دانلود بخش سوم (حجم: 10.4MB)
نوشته شده توسط دامون
از ویکیپدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
محمد مصدق (۲۹ اردیبهشت یا ۲۶ خرداد ۱۲۶۱ - ۱۴ اسفند ۱۳۴۵)[۱] سیاستمدار، دولتمرد، چند دوره نمایندهٔ مجلس شورای ملی، و نخستوزیر ایران در سالهای ۱۳۳۰ تا ۱۳۳۲ بود.
وی به عنوان رهبر ملی شدن صنعت نفت ایران که زیر نفوذ بریتانیا (زیر عنوان شرکت نفت ایران و انگلیس بعدها "بریتیش پترولیوم" یا "بی پی") بود، شناخته میشود. مصدق پس از کودتای ۲۸ مرداد در دادگاه نظامی محاکمه شد. او در دادگاه از کارها و دیدگاههای خود دفاع کرد. دادگاه وی را به سه سال زندان محکوم کرد. پس از گذراندن سه سال زندان، دکتر مصدق به ملک خود در احمد آباد رانده شد و تا پایان زندگی زیر نظارت شدید بود. در ۱۴ اسفند ماه ۱۳۴۵ دکتر محمد مصدق بدلیل بیماری سرطان، در سن ۸۴ سالگی درگذشت.[۲]
آغاز زندگی و جوانی [ویرایش]
محمد مصدق در بهار سال ۱۲۶۱ شمسی در یک خانوادهٔ اشرافی و بانفوذ دیوانی قاجار در محلهٔ سنگلج در تهران به دنیا آمد[۳][۴]. در مورد تاریخ دقیق زادروز وی حتی در زمان حیاتش هم اختلاف نظرهایی وجود داشت که تاکنون پابرجاست. در منابع مختلف زادروز او ۲۹ اردیبهشت، ۳۱ اردیبهشت و ۲۶ خرداد ۱۲۶۱ ذکر شده است.[۵] پدرش میرزا هدایت الله آشتیانی از اقوام بختیاری و وزیر دفتر ناصرالدین شاه و مادرش شاهزاده نجمالسلطنه بنیانگذار بیمارستان نجمیه تهران[۶]) دختر عموی ناصرالدین شاه، دختر شاهزاده فیروز میرزا نصرت الدوله بود.[۷]
۱۶ اسفند ۱۲۶۴ فیروز میرزا نصرتالدوله که پدر بزرگ مادری محمد مصدق بوده درگذشت. چنانچه در آن دوره مرسوم بوده هر گاه یکی از حقوق بگیران دولت در میگذشت دو سوم حقوق او به بازماندگان میرسید. محمد میرزا (مصدق) که نوه فیروز میرزا بود و در ان زمان شش یا هفت سال بیشتر نداشت یک حقوق ۱۲۰ تومانی به وی تعلق گرفت. خود مصدق مینویسد «هیچ حقوقی یا اضافه حقوقی داده نمیشد مگر اینکه پیشتر محل ان تعیین شده باشد و محل حقوق جدید به این روش معمولاً یک سوم متوفیات بود. به این طریق که هر کسی از دنیا میرفت اگر وارثی داشت یک سوم از حقوق او والا تمام ان در اختیار دولت قرار میگرفت که بهر کس میخواست میداد....»[۸]
در سال ۱۲۷۰ شمسی، پدر مصدق (میرزا هدایتالله وزیر دفتر) از ناصرالدین شاه درخواست کرد که میرزا محمد (مصدق) ۹ ساله در ردیف مستوفیان زبردست قرار گیرد و در فهرست حقوقبگیران درآید و ناصرالدین شاه آن را پذیرفت.[۹]
میرزا محمد رضا مؤتمنالسلطنه شوهر خواهر مصدق و مستوفی خراسان بود و مصدق نزد وی و میرزا علیاکبر موزه کارآموزی مستوفی میکردهاست. مصدق در کتابش میگوید: «در سال ۱۲۷۱ میرزا فتحعلی خان شیرازی صاحب دیوان والی خراسان بود و چنانچه اشتباه نکنم شصت هزار تومان به خزانه داده بود که میبایست از تفاوت عمل مرسوم و معمول جبران کند. نظر به اینکه بیست هزار تومان جدید محل معینی نداشت از این محل تفاوت عمل (یعنی اضافه مالیات بعضی سالها) ایالت خراسان برای من حقوق دولتی تعیین کردند».[۱۰]
در تاریخ ۱ شهریور ۱۲۷۱ خورشیدی پدر محمد میرزا درگذشت. پسر بزرگش میرزا حسین (از همسر دیگر نه از نجم السلطنه) که رسما سالها به دلیل بیماری میرزا هدایت الله وظایف دفتر شاه را به عهده داشت رسما به این سمت منصوب شد. میرزا علی و میرزا محمد پسران دیگر میرزا هدایت الله به ترتیب لقبهای موثق السلطنه و مصدق السلطنه را گرفتند. در همین زمان دو سوم حقوق دوران خدمت میرزا هدایت الله وزیر دفتر بین باز ماندگانش تقسیم شد و به مصدق السلطنه رسید....."[۱۱] بدین ترتیب مصدق که در ان هنگام ۱۳ ساله بود چهار حقوق از بودجه دولت دریافت میداشت.
۱۶ دی ۱۲۷۳ تا ۸ اردیبهشت ۱۲۷۴ مظفرالدین میرزا ولیعهد که به رسم معمول دوره قاجار فرمانروای آذربایجان بود و در تبریز زندگی میکرد به همراه منشی خود میرزا فضلالله وکیل الملک به تهران سفر کرد و این ۱۱۲ روز را در منزل عبدالحسین میرزا فرمانفرما دایی مصدق السلطنه به سر برد. میزبان ولیعهد خواهر زنش یعنی نجم السلطنه مادر مصدق السلطنه بود. در درازای این سه ماه و اندی نجم السلطنه با میرزا فضلالله ازدواج میکند و در بهار ۱۲۷۴ خورشیدی به همراه شوهر خود و مصدق السلطنه و باهمراهی مظفرالدین میرزا از تهران به تبریز جا به جا میشود. مصدق بیش از یکسال در تبریز زندگی کرد و آشنایی او به زبان آذری در این دوران بود.[۱۲]
در سال ۱۲۷۵ مظفرالدین شاه پس از قتل پدرش ناصرالدین شاه تاج گذاری میکند. همسر مظفرالدین شاه حضرت علیا و خواهرش نجم السلطنه همگی به همراه خانواده و بستگان و درباریان از تبریز به تهران نقل مکان میکنند. در همان سال ۱۲۷۵ دائی مصدق عبدالحسین میرزا فرمانفرما با بقیه افراد فامیل مادری علیه علیاصغرخان اتابک معروف به امین السلطان اتابک اعظم نخست وزیر توطئه کردند و چهار ماه پس از به تخت نشستن مظفرالدین شاه با دسیسه اتابک را کنار زدند[۱۳] و ۳۰ آذر ۱۲۷۵ مصدقالسلطنه مستوفی خراسان شد و مقام شوهر خواهرش را گرفت. این آغاز خود کامگی عبدالحسین میرزا فرمانفرما با سمت وزیر جنگ بود.[۱۴]
مصدقالسلطنه از آغاز کار به سمت مستوفی خراسان، در درازای ده سال یعنی تا پایان سلطنت مظفرالدین شاه، خالصجاتی را خریده بود در اوایل مشروطیت در ردیف یکی از بزرگ فئودالهای کشور در آمده و شخصا در ردیف مادرش نجم السلطنه و دایی اش فرمانفرما قرار گرفته بود. در فهرستی که در آن زمان به چاپ رسید، ۹۳ مالک بزرگ یا فئودال ایران را نام برده بود که از جمله نامهای نامی آن زمان به چشم میخورد: حضرت اقدس والا آقای عضد السلطان (شوهر خواهر مصدق)؛ حضرت مستطابه علیه عالیه حضرت علیا دامت شوکتها (خاله مصدق)؛ حضرت والا آقای عبدالحسین میرزا فرمانفرما (دایی مصدق)؛ جناب آقای امام جمعه (برادر زن مصدق)؛ جناب حاجی ناصرالسلطنه (برادر شوهر مادر مصدق)؛ جناب مستطاب اجل آقای وزیر دفتر (میرزا حسین برادر مصدق)؛ حاجیه نجم السلطنه (مادر مصدق)؛ جناب آقای ظهیرالاسلام (برادر زن مصدق)؛ جناب وکیل الملک (شوهر مادر مصدق) و جناب مصدق السلطنه[۱۵].
انقلاب مشروطه [ویرایش]
در بهمن ماه ۱۲۸۲ خورشیدی پیمان جدیدی بین ایران و روس بسته شد که بسیار به زیان بازرگانان و بازاریان بود. در ۵ اردیبهشت ۱۲۸۴ بازاریان تهران بازار را بستند و به شاه عبدالعظیم رفتند و بست نشستند و در خواست بنیاد کردن عدالت خانه در سراسر ایران را کردند.[۱۶] این بست نشتن
|
8,548 | 4 | 2 |
genişliğine koyun, durdurma çorapları taraflara hafifçe konuşlandırılmalıdır. Sorunsuz bir şekilde aşağı inin (sandalyeye bağlı olduğu gibi) ve başlangıç pozisyonuna geri dönün. Hareketleri gerçekleştirerek, sırtınızı düz tutmaya çalışın ve topukları yer yüzeyinden yırtmayın.
Düşmüş
Kalçaların ve kalçaların kaslarını eğitmeye yardımcı olun. Stand, öne çıkın, zeminin diz eklemine dokunmak ve başlangıç konumuna geri dönün. Aynı ayağı yap.
Leğen kemiği
Kalmak. Dizdeki bir bacağını bükün ve topuğu yere yerleştirin. İkinci düzeltin ve kaldırın. Şimdi pelvisi sorunsuz bir şekilde kaldırın ve indirin. Bu alıştırmayı gerçekleştirirken, kalçaların ve kalçaların kasları karışır.
Pelvis kaldırma
Berry bölgesinin gelişimi için başka bir hareket. Yerde oturun, omuzlar, uygun bir desteği (örneğin, bir kanepe). Dizlerinizi bükün, pelvisi kaldırın ve geri dönün. Vücudun üst konumdaki zeminin yüzeye paralel olduğunu izleyin.
Kaldırma gövdesi
Evde en basit ama etkili egzersizi değil, karın kaslarını çalıştırmaya izin verir. Uygun bir yüceltme gerektirir (örneğin, bir sandalye). Yerde kalın, ellerinizi kafanızın arkasına koyun, bacaklarınızı desteğe koyun. Yükseklik seçme, dizdeki açıyı takip edin, yaklaşık 90 derece idi. Şimdi pürüzsüzce muhafazayı kaldırın ve indirin.
Kaldırma
Yerde yat, ellerinizi vücut boyunca uzatın. Arkasında yatan pozisyondan, bacaklarınızı kaldırın ve diz eklemlerini bükün. Durdurma çoraplarını yukarı çekin, pelvisin yükseltilmesi ve başlangıç konumuna geri dönün.
Plank
Zemine koşun, eller ve çoraplar durdurun. Pürüzlü kasları süzün ve bastırın, çizgiye geçin. Doğrudan kalmayı izleyin, dizleri bükmeyin ve pelvisini düşürmeyin. Bir süre bu pozisyonda tutun.
Daha fazla bilgi edinin Makalemizde Tahta - Nasıl Yapılır.
Tekne
Bu egzersiz sayesinde kalçayı ve omurga kaslarını güçlendirmek mümkün olacaktır. Başlamak için, midede kalın. Eller ileri çekin. Bacakları zeminden yırtılırken vücudun üst kısmıyla (mümkün olduğunca) sorunsuz bir şekilde kaldırın. Hareketi yavaşça yapın, keskin gerizekalılardan kaçınır.
Jacks atlama.
Stand, gövde boyunca elleriniz. Atlama, zıplamada, bacaklarınızı daha geniş omuzlarınızı kazın, kenarlardan kaldırın (başınızın üstünde pamuk yapabilirsiniz). Orijinal konumuna kaynak. Hızlı hızda atlamaları yapın.
Evde Eğitim Programı
Her sporcu için eğitim şeması ayrı ayrı amaçlanmıştır. Tam bir performansa sahip olmak için, haftadaki yaklaşık sınıf planını öğrenmelisiniz.
1. Gün (Pazartesi)
Egzersiz yapmak. Çalışma, diz, dirsek eklemleri, bacakların ayak izleri ve bir pelvis, gövdenin devrilmesini, kafa dönüşleri ile döndürmek gerekir. Her hareketi en az 10 kez tekrarlamak gerekir. Toplamda, ilk aşama 5 dakika sürmelidir.
Sıcaklık:
yarım dakika atlama krikoları;
aynı şekilde yerinde;
100 ipten atlar.
Elektrik Egzersizleri:
ups (3 yaklaşıyor);
halter (3 ila 15);
eğimde mermi çekişi (3 ila 10);
ağız kavgası (3 ila 20);
pelvis kaldırın (3 ila 10);
Tekne (3 ila 10);
Yarım dakika boyunca planck.
Son aşama. Germe.
2. Gün (Salı)
Eklemler için egzersiz.
Isınma: İp atlamak, sahada koşmak, jacks atlama.
Dairesel eğitim. Aşağıdaki işlemleri alternatif olarak gerçekleştirir:
5 kez sıkın;
Davanın asansörünü yapmak - 10;
oturun - 15.
Toplam 6 çevreyi gerçekleştirmek için.
3. Gün (Çarşamba)
Vücudun fiziksel efordan bir ara vermesini sağlamak için gereklidir.
4. Gün (Perşembe)
İlk aşama. Eklemler için egzersiz.
Ön ısıtma kasları sınıfları.
Elektrik Egzersizleri:
geri pushups (3 yaklaşık 10 kez yaklaşıyor);
düşer (3 ila 10);
MAHA Dumbbell Ayakta (3 - 10);
pelvisi bir destekle (3-10) kaldırın;
Eğimde (3-10), kabukları üreme;
Bacakları kaldırma (3 ila 20);
Tekne (3 ila 10);
Planck yarım dakika.
Final streç.
5. Gün (Cuma)
Egzersiz yapmak.
Dinamik ısıtma.
Dairesel eğitim 6 daire:
5 şınav;
10 ağız kavgası;
Kadın plakalar artı tatilde çok zaman.
"Tabata", şunları içerebilir:
Tırmanmak;
ipin içinden atlamak;
Berp;
Damla.
Son aşama. Germe.
6. Gün (Cumartesi ve Pazar)
Hafta sonları oldukça dinlenmeye değer ve iyileşir. Alternatif olarak, yoga yapabilirsiniz.
Yeni başlayanlar için Yoga hakkındaki makalemizi okuyun.
Yeni başlayanlar için evde eğitim planının ardından, spor salonunu ziyaret etmeden etkileyici sonuçlar elde edebilirsiniz. Asıl şey, sınıfların rutinini gözlemlemek ve sporları doğru beslenme ile birleştirmektir.<|endoftext|>It is heartening news for those who can’t resist pigging out.
Pomegranates could reverse some of the damage done by junk food, research suggests.
A supplement made from the fruit helped keep blood vessels healthy, a key step in keeping heart attacks and strokes at bay.
In the first study of its kind, Spanish researchers looked at the effect of a pill packed with pomegranate plant chemicals called polyphenols on the circulation of pigs.
Pigs were chosen because their cardiovascular system is similar to ours.
Not surprisingly, feeding them fatty food damaged their blood vessels and, in particular, their delicate lining.
This lining, or endothelium, is important as it releases substances that control the expansion and contraction of blood vessels.
Damage to it can be a first step in atherosclerosis – the hardening of the arteries that can lead to heart attacks and strokes.
The blood vessels of the pigs fed fatty food were less elastic. The animals also made less nitric oxide, a blood vessel widening-gas and had other signs of heart problems.
However, a daily dose of Pomanex, a supplement with 200mg of polyphenols called punicalagins, cancelled out many of the effects, the Congress of the European Society of Cardiology heard.
Researcher Dr Lina Badimon, of the Catalan Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences in Spain, said: ‘Enriching a diet with pomegranate polyphenols can help in preventing and retarding endothelial dysfunctions, which are among the first signs of atherosclerosis and strokes.’
This is far from the first time that the pomegranate has made health headlines.
Previous research has credited pomegranate juice with lowering blood pressure – likely by reducing the amount of stress hormones made by the body.
In another study, a glass of pomegranate juice a day improved blood flow to the heart by more than a third in people whose arteries were clogged with cholesterol.
One of the oldest cultivated fruits, the pomegranate has been a symbol of fertility, death and eternity.
Some believe the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden was a pomegranate rather than an apple.
The fruit pulp is the main ingredient of grenadine syrup, used for flavouring cocktails, soft drinks, hams and weeks.
source: dailymail UK<|endoftext|>175 bin yıl öncesinde nehirlerin aktığı çöl
Hindistan'ın kuzeybatısında "Büyük Hint Çölü" olarak da bilinen Tar Çölü'nden, yaklaşık 172 bin yıl önce nehir geçtiği tespit edildi.
Almanya'daki Max Planck Bilim ve İnsan Tarihi Enstitüsü, Hindistan'ın Tamil Nadu eyaletindeki Anna Üniversitesi ve Hint Bilim, Eğitim ve Araştırma Enstitüsünden araştırmacılar, Taş Devri'nde Tar Çölü'nün bulunduğu bölgenin şimdikinden çok farklı olduğu sonucuna vardı.
Uydu görüntülerini inceleyen uzmanlar, Tar Çölü'nde Nal köyü yakınında nehir kanallarının oluşturduğu ağı saptadı ve ışıma yöntemini kullanarak, nehir yatağında kumdaki kuvars taneciklerinin gömüldükleri zamanı belirledi.
Uzmanlar, buna göre, çöldeki nehir hareketliliğinin en güçlü olduğu zamanın yaklaşık 172 bin yıl öncesine denk geldiğini belirterek, yıllar boyunca bu hareketliliğin zayıfladığını ve bugüne gelindiğini ifade etti.
Max Planck Bilim ve İnsan Tarihi Enstitüsünden Jimbob Blinkhorn, yaptığı açıklamada, Tar Çölü'nde 172 bin yıl önce nehrin yakınında insanların yaşamış olabileceğini ya da nehir yoluyla göç edebildiklerini dile getirerek, belki de eski çağ insanlarının Afrika'dan Hindistan'a yayılmasının ilk zamanlarının bu döneme denk geldiğini kaydetti.
Araştırmanın sonuçları, uluslararası yayın yapan"Quaternary Science Reviews" dergisinde yayımlandı.<|endoftext|>What 's The Bechdel Test And Why Should Anyone Care?
January 12, 2018|María Isabel Carrasco Cara Chards
Think about your favorite film and see if it passes the Bechdel Test.
With everything that’s happening not only in the film industry but in the world regarding gender equality, many terms have fortunately adhered to our everyday language. Not so long ago, feminism was a term sometimes used in academia, eventually at the news, and very rarely in everyday conversations. The same has happened with many other terms that refer to this important social goal we all want. However, besides knowing these words or using them, we should try to understand and see their context with objective eyes. One of these popular terms in today's social scenario is the Bechdel test. But what is it? More importantly, is it really relevant?
Appearing for the first time in 1985 in Alison Bechdel’s comic strip Dykes to Watch Out For, the Bechdel test has become the tool par excellence to see how equally is gender portrayed in cinema. A film passes the test if (1) it has at least two named female characters (2) talking to each other and (3) the conversation is about anything but men. Fair enough, isn’t it? Well, not really. Many of your favorite films and even those considered the best films in history fail terribly the test. But does this really determine whether a film is good or bad? I mean, films like Citizen Kane, Breakfast at Tiffany’s, Casablanca, The Godfather, Taxi Driver, The Shining, Goodfellas, and so many more don’t pass it and, artistically speaking, these are some of the greatest works of cinematic art out there.
I don’t think passing or failing the Bechdel test determines a film’s quality. The thing is that many are taking this so seriously to determine something that, in the end, isn't so accurate. For instance, Coco, my latest favorite animated film, passes the test only because at the end there’s a scene where Mama Coco asks her daughter why is she crying and she replies that it’s nothing. Do you see where I’m going? I mean that’s it. So, even when the movie is absolutely beautiful and heartfelt, that scene doesn’t really talk about gender equality and the story doesn’t really focus on it. Now, for instance, Under the Skin by Jonathan Glazer fails horribly the test, since the protagonist is the only female character on it. However, if you think about it, the film talks about empowerment and female agency.
So, not because two women speak or meet for a minute in the film it means it has tackled gender equality or that it should be praised for doing so. We should really take into account the dialogues, the time on screen for men and women, and the length of their dialogues. Otherwise, it ends up being an inaccurate way of measuring films. I get that at this precise moment in history we need products to explore the difficulties we’re facing, and gender equality is definitely a priority. But I don’t think that focusing only on the results of the test like this one will get us near there. To be fair, not even Alison Bechdel thinks it’s a very accurate tool.
Now, this doesn’t really mean that the test is ineffective as a whole. I do believe that it’s a great step to make an audience aware of the products they’re consuming. For instance, we can't say that Casablanca isn't a great movie or we should stop watching it because it doesn't pass the test. Nonetheless, we can start asking ourselves why are women so poorly represented in cinema? And we could ask the same about other gender and racial groups.
This is the first step to make a real change, and it should start by allowing more female directors to be on the spotlight, fix the gender pay gap, and really encourage the creation of more quality stories that reflect our reality. You might be wondering why it's relevant for us, and the answer is quite simple: because art is a reflection of the society that creates it. If so many movies fail to represent women and other groups, think about real life. This is actually how we should approach the test: being aware of the reality we’re living in.
Don’t miss these:<|endoftext|>Extinction is something as real today as it has always been. What makes it even more real, and for our particularly emotional species, extremely sad is that these animals and plants are gone forever. We will never feel a dozen trilobite legs tickle us as they scurry over our bare feet while we paddle in the warm seas. The time when birds with teeth swooped between trees snapping up insects is long gone. Fortunately we only have to be afraid of seagulls stealing our fish and chips, not bipedal crocodile relatives or enormous pterosaurs. These, and countless other organisms, have been alive on our planet at some point in the past. In fact, it is estimated that 99.9% of all organisms that have every lived are no longer here: and only a tiny percentage of those have been preserved as fossils. Our planet has been, and still is, full of life.
Trilobites were pretty cool arthropods. Birds with teeth must have been wonderful to witness. Bipedal crocodiles, well, these were very likely to be terrifying. Sadly, people don’t shed a tear for these vanished creatures. We should because these were real animals that really lived on the planet: but they lived too long ago. We have a few fossils and, even more recently, some awesome palaeoart which help bring them back to life, but these are still mysterious animals that lived millions of years ago (and millions of years is a very long time!).
We can relate to more recently extinct creatures, including many of our Twilight Beasts. We can relate because humans were around when they were alive. Our ancestors saw powerful Woolly Rhinoceros making its way across the steppes. Humans heard the giant Cuban Owl in the forests. They even witnessed the majestic Glyptodons shuffle through swamps in their enormous shells. Our Twilight Beasts in particular pluck the heart strings because they sang the song of life so close to the present day. Close enough that we can almost still hear them.
One of these animals to only very recently vanish is perhaps the symbol of extinction: the magnificent dodo. Portrayed as ‘stupid’ creatures who willingly waddled towards their own deaths, their name, wrongly, has negative connotations. On dictionary.com type in dodo and you are presented with these definitions:
– Any of the several clumsy, flightless extinct birds of the genera Raphus and Pezophaps, related to pigeons but about the size of a turkey, formerly inhabiting the islands of Mauritius, Réunion, and Rodriguez.
– Slang. A dull-witted, slow reacting person.
– A person with old-fashioned, conservative, or outmoded ideas.
– A thing that is outmoded or obsolete.
I don’t think there could be a more derogatory description of any animal. Truth is, these were beautifully adapted animals for their island dwelling lives. They evolved to be pretty big and flightless, not because that’s a dumb thing to be, but because there were no natural predators. (More on the incredible dodos in our post the last squawk of the dodo.)
Despite a negative public view of these endearing birds, the mysteries of their lives still fascinate researchers (and funders). Ironically, new research published about dodos makes international press and members of the public are fascinated. Research has shown that although the dodo was eaten sometimes as a delicacy, the entire population wasn’t eaten to extinction: other animals that came to the island of Mauritius inadvertently killed them. Very recently there was some detailed research into their body mass.
We all visualise dodos are rather plump turkey like birds plodding along, like the painting above. However, some of the earliest illustrations of the dodo in life show quite a variety of sizes, with some pretty extremes.
Without cameras, sailors and artists sketched what they saw. And as you can see, this varied pretty dramatically. These illustrations from live animals show some slim birds and some much more well rounded ones. (This is more like to be a little artistic licence by the illustrator, although could represent male and females?) With such a large variety of depictions of the dodo, and written records of weight ranging from 22kg to 10kg, what was its true body mass?
The first question we should ask is why does it matter? Well, from the body mass of an animal it can give us clues and information about population sizes, metabolism, and the age of an animal. There have been attempts to calculate dodo body mass in the past. Using the equations calculating femur circumference to body size isn’t accurate because ground dwelling birds vary in their anatomy. Casts of the bones have been used to help mould muscles and tissue and work out weight, but this isn’t a very precise art. This new researched aimed to be more exact.
By calculating the ‘convex hull’ volume of the skeleton, it aimed to convert these volumes into body mass using examples from specimens
|
8,548 | 4 | 3 |
通过源码构建还是jar包构建？
是否已参考以下文档：
Java语言参考
目前仅看报错，似乎是找不到 jar 包。
可以查看构建日志，检查构建出的 jar 包的路径。
检查是否设置了启动命令<|endoftext|>Probabilmente è stato il più forte talento che il calcio in Finlandia abbia mai prodotto, un numero 10 con colpi sensazionali, in grado di rompere gli equilibri di una partita all'improvviso.
Jari Litmanen ha varcato la soglia del mezzo secolo, e per questo ritengo opportuno omaggiarlo in questo blog, ripercorrendo insieme la sua importante carriera calcistica.
Nel suo paese natale arriveranno i primi esordi sul rettangolo verde tramite l’esordio appena sedicenne nella massima divisione finlandese.
Litmanen Inizia la parabola d’ascensione fino ad essere considerato il gioiello dei ghiacci; i primi tre anni fanno registrare statistiche importanti con 28 gol in 86 presenze, tanto da meritarsi l’offerta del blasonato HJK Helsinki, il club più prestigioso della Finlandia.
Siamo all'inizio degli anni '90 per l’Hensinki, ed in seguito a problemi economici, il club si trova costretto alla cessione dei talenti di maggiore rilievo.
A questo punto il giovane attaccante Litmanen giunge al MyPa, squadra finlandese di rilievo di quegli anni, e dove riscontra la totale fiducia dell’allenatore, che crede fortemente nelle sue qualità tecniche.
E' la definitiva esplosione calcistica dell'attaccante finlandese, che a fine stagione viene contattato dagli emissari dell' Ajax, che riescono ad assicurarselo e portarlo in Olanda.
L'approdo all'Ajax
Nel suo primo anno è all'ombra di un fuoriclasse come Bergkamp che aveva anche sfiorato il pallone d'oro, ma nella stagione seguente 1993/94, con la cessione di Bergkamp all’Inter, c'è spazio tra i titolari per il finlandese, il quale da numero dieci della squadra dei lancieri si consacra con 26 realizzazioni in Eredivisie.
Numeri notevoli che contribuiscono di fatto alla vittoria del campionato più la soddisfazione personale del titolo di capocannoniere, Litmanen è nella storia del club.più la soddisfazione personale del titolo di cannoniere.
Nella stagione della neonata Uefa Champions League (1995), la ambita coppa dalle grandi orecchie viene aggiudicata in finale proprio ai campioni in carica del Milan.
L’Ajax tornerà in finale ancora una volta l’anno successivo, ancora contro un’italiana, ancora per i gol di Litmanen, ma questa volta sarà una sconfitta ai calci di rigore contro la Juventus.
Litmanen tuttavia viene premiato col premio di miglior realizzatore della competizione con 9 gol, si aggiudicheranno anche una Supercoppa Europea ed una Coppa Intercontinentale.
La splendida esperienza olandese terminerà dopo sette gloriosi anni, ma ancora oggi il finlandese è ricordato come uno dei giocatori più importanti del club, detentore del record di gol nelle Coppe Europee (24 gol in 44 partite con i lancieri).
Le esperienze a Barcellona e Liverpool
Lo volle il suo allenatore in Olanda, quel Van Gaal, che ora guidava il Barcellona.
Il destino a volte però non è generoso con gli audaci o i meritevoli come il finlandese, e da qui inizia la parabola discendente di Jari Litmanen.
Il progetto del trasferimento del blasone ottenuto in Olanda non trova un riscontro positivo in terra catalana, e la prima stagione spagnola di Litmanen è fortemente compromessa dagli infortuni che lo allontanano sempre di più dal rettangolo verde.
Nel mercato di gennaio 2001 si trasferisce gratuitamente al Liverpool, per approdare così in Premier League.
La stagione fu tutt'altro che esaltante, seppur un inizio rassicurante, ma un infortunio rimediato con la Nazionale complica la stagione di Jari.
La stagione si offusca per l'attaccante, presenziando nel cast tra i successi dei Reds ma con un ruolino di marcia che recita così: 26 presenze e 5 goal.
Il ritorno all'Ajax
A questo punto per Litmanen arriva un forte richiamo dal cuore, la destinazione è ancora Amsterdam.
La situazione questa volta è diversa, non arriva più da promessa, ma torna da stella proclamata, ma alla soglia dei 31 anni.
Il ritorno è in agrodolce, i tifosi dell'Ajax lo accolgono da eroe ma i problemi fisici non gli permetteranno ancora una volta di potersi esprimere al meglio, totalizzando 20 presenze e 5 reti con i lancieri.<|endoftext|>صفحههایی برای ویرایشگرانی که از سامانه خارج شدند بیشتر بدانید
رابسون گرین (انگلیسی: Robson Green؛ زادهٔ ۱۸ دسامبر ۱۹۶۴) بازیگر اهل بریتانیا است. وی از سال ۱۹۸۹ میلادی تاکنون مشغول فعالیت بودهاست.
از فیلمها یا برنامههای تلویزیونی که وی در آن نقش داشتهاست، میتوان به واسپاری و لمس پلیدی اشاره کرد.
این یک مقالهٔ خرد بازیگر است. میتوانید با گسترش آن به ویکیپدیا کمک کنید.<|endoftext|>در قرآن کریم ار نفس با تعابیر مختلفی نظیر نفس اماره، نفس لوامه، نفس مطمئنه و مطلق نفس نام برده شده است که وجود چند نفس را ثابت نمی کند، بلکه با توجه به اینکه هر انسانی از اول تا آخر یک نفس واحد و یک خود را در زندگی شهود می کند، بنابراین تعابیر قرآن حکیم به شئون و حیثیات نفس اشاره دارد.<|endoftext|>Video Gaming: Accessible to All?
Video games have come a long way and so have the guidelines in designing them for people with disabilities.
In London, an extensive resource has launched on inclusive games design, advising the games industry how to open up their products to people with disabilities by avoiding the barriers that often unnecessarily exclude players.
A significant portion of the advice is for gamers with motor impairments — everything from button remapping to alternative input methods for motion-recognition games. Motion-recognition games that require full body movement, such as the best selling Kinect Adventures by Microsoft, are an obvious issue for wheelchair users.
It has been produced as an international collaboration among game studios, specialists and academics, with contributors including Blitz Games Studios and the BBC's head of accessibility.
September 3, 2012, saw the launch of a comprehensive developer guide to address the accessibility issues faced by more than 20% of video gamers. Coordinated by Ian Hamilton, an accessibility and usability specialist with a background in game development, a group of developers and experts created www.gameaccessibilityguidelines.com.
The website offers guidelines on how to better serve the needs of gamers with a range of visual, hearing, speech, learning and motor conditions. The hope is that by highlighting the relatively simple changes needed, the games industry as a whole will be able to ensure they quickly become part of its normal working practices.
According to Hamilton, “Studios and publishers often don't realize the huge number of gamers who struggle with existing games due to barriers that could be easily addressed as part of the development process. Recent research by PopCap showed that as many as 20% of gamers are disabled. On top of that, 15% of adults have a reading age of below 11 years old, almost 10% of male gamers have some degree of red-green color blindness, and many more have temporary impairments such as a broken arm, or situation such as playing in bright sunlight. Developers are usually very keen to work around these barriers, and there are simple solutions, too, such as combining colors with symbols or allowing text to disappear on a button press rather than a timer. Often all they need to make their games more inclusive is just a bit of information to start from.”
Other simple but important suggestions in the guidelines include configurable controls, choice of difficulty, clear text formatting and visual cues for audio information. All these are easy to implement if thought about early enough, and are generally part of good game design that benefits all players.
At the same time they have tremendous benefit for certain players. For example, a woman became so frustrated at being unable to understand cut scenes without subtitles she resorted to lobbying games publishers on their forums. Or the quadriplegic gamer who felt the need to plead via Twitter for developers to give him the ability to move the fire from the trigger to a face button so he can play the same games as his friends.
For Hamilton, creating the guidelines was a six-month process, driven by his desire to do something about the number of studios who unwittingly ignore the needs of players through a lack of knowledge about the barriers disabled gamers face when trying to play their favorite games.
“The guidelines started really a few years ago as a personal project triggered by work I did while at the BBC, which included creating games and products for disabled children,” he says. “That expanded into advising internal teams and third-party game studios on game accessibility, which made me realize firstly to what degree gamers were unnecessarily being shut out by the games industry through lack of awareness, and secondly the huge value that games have. It’s not just about delivering access, it’s about entertainment, culture, socializing — the very things that are the difference between existing and living. Gaming really does have a huge impact on people’s lives.”
After requests from working with the wider industry, Hamilton gathered a group of studios, accessibility experts and academics to develop them further, including Blitz games studios, Headstrong Games, Aardman Digital, OneSwitch and Stockholm University.
“Through the process we’ve spoken to developers around the world, from small indies to large triple-A studios, and the support has been fantastic,” Hamilton explains. “There are already several games in development that are using the guidelines to deliver the best possible experience to as many people as possible.”
One of the developers that the guidelines have already helped is Poland-based Vivid Games, which sought Hamilton’s help when creating a PC version of its recent mobile and PS3 game, Speedball 2: evolution.
“When we were developing the mobile version of Speedball 2, we included a special mode for color-blind gamers, which changed the palette and increased the contrast to ensure that all the on-screen action was still visible,” says Remi Koscielny, president, Vivid Games. “For the PC version we wanted to increase the accessibility of the game, so we worked closely with Ian to ensure that every part of the game was optimized for impaired gamers. Having learned what a major difference can be made to so many people with just a little extra effort, we certainly hope that all developers take on board the fantastic work Ian has done.”
www.gameaccessibilityguidelines.com is an open and free resource for anyone involved in the games industry around the world to use. It will continue to evolve, and feedback from developers is welcomed via the website.
This article is from a press release made available courtesy of Gamasutra and its partnership with notable game PR-related resource GamesPress.<|endoftext|>Okullar Ne Açılacak? Uzun bir yaz tatilinin ardından milyonlarca öğrencinin merakla beklediği olay. Yeni eğitim öğretim yılı ne zaman başlıyor? Okullar ne zaman açılıyor? Detaylar haberimizde
Yeni eğitim öğretim yılı 9 Eylül 2019'da başlayacak.25 Kasım'dan 17 Ocak'a kadar birinci dönem devam edecek. Yarıyıl tatili 20-31 Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında olacak.
İkinci yarıyıl eğitim-öğretim dönemi 3 Şubat 2020'de başlayacak. 19 Haziran'da tamamlanarak 11 haftalık yaz tatiline girilecek.
Sistemde yapılan değişikliklerle öğrencilerin ara tatillerde dinlenme fırsatı eskiye oranla çok daha fazla olacak. Öğretmenlerin takviminde ise bir değişiklik yok.<|endoftext|>“DIGITISATION WILL have the impact on supply chains that steam and electricity had on manufacturing,” declares Joe Terino of Bain. His claim seems hyperbolic, but it may yet prove prescient. Nearly 30 years after the internet first emerged as a tool for business, the management of supply chains at most MNCs, which do not operate in the rarefied air of Amazon and Alibaba, remains a surprisingly backward-looking, sluggish affair.
The good news is that companies in many industries are experimenting with a variety of new technologies and methods that promise to improve how they plan, source, make and deliver. These innovations are making supply chains smarter by increasing their predictability, transparency and speed of delivery.
First, to predictability. Firms have long used historical sales data to come up with demand forecasts, then manufactured and distributed according to the plan. This antiquated approach cannot keep pace with today’s on-demand economy. So firms are experimenting with AI to assess everything from social-media trends and shifts in demand to inventory turnover and vendor behaviour. Their goal is to fine-tune supply chains in real time.
An annual survey by KPMG, a consultancy, and JDA, a supply-chain software firm, released in May, asked executives which technologies had the highest potential impact on supply chains and were most likely to be adopted. Cognitive analytics and AI came out on top, shooting up from their rankings the previous year. Blockchain and drones were down year-on-year.
JDA uses deep-learning algorithms developed by Blue Yonder, a German startup it acquired that originally created the software for particle-physics experiments at the CERN laboratory in Geneva. Morrisons, a British grocery chain, reduced the incidence of out-of-stock items on its shelves by 30% and cut its inventory needs by several days by replacing manual stock planning with JDA’s AI system for demand forecasting and replenishment.
ORSAY, a German fashion retailer, last year used JDA’s self-learning algorithm to make 112,000 autonomous pricing decisions. This enabled the firm to reduce the volume of stock that needed discounts of over 30% to sell.
Intel, a big manufacturer of computer chips, estimates that it has already saved $58m through better forecast modelling. The firm uses so many bots (software that runs automated tasks) that it has created new bots to manage the worker-bots. One executive says that lawyers have been called in to decide whether management is liable for bad decisions made by boss-bots.
McKinsey estimates that 40% of all procurement tasks (vendor management, order placement and invoice processing) can be automated today, and 80% soon; this could produce annual cost savings of 3-10%. All told, it reckons application of AI to supply-chain management and manufacturing could create $2trn of value.
Out for delivery
As for transparency, Adam Mussomeli of Deloitte, a consultancy, says that an age-old question still bedevils supply-chain managers: “Where’s my stuff?” This may seem surprising in an age of personal connectivity, smartphones and GPS, but it is still true.
Pawan Joshi of E2Open, a supply-chain-software firm, explains why. Because of widespread outsourcing, typical MNCs do not make products (contract manufacturers do); they do not ship them (third-party logistics providers do); they do not store them (warehousing firms do) and they do not sell them (resellers and retailers do). So, he says, “the data needed to make real-time decisions are not inside the ecosystem of the manufacturer.” Data inside firms are also compartmentalised into specialised software used by different divisions. E2Open connects and makes sense of all these data.
In November 2017 a strike by German cargo-handlers stranded a shipment of IBM mainframe computers at Frankfurt airport. Unable to track its precise location, the firm assumed the pricey cargo was safe inside an airport warehouse. In fact, it sat on an icy tarmac for nearly a month, exposed to blizzards. When it was eventually located, the kit—reportedly sitting in four inches of water—was a total write-off.
The rise of the internet of things (IoT) will help. Sensors are coming onto the market that track not only the location of goods, but also the orientation of crates and factors such as temperature and humidity. In February IBM launched a “track and trace” service in partnership with Sigfox, an IoT service provider. Initially it will track only containers travelling from suppliers to factories run by Groupe PSA, a big French car manufacturer, but the service is to expand across Europe this year.
Digital innovations from the top down and bottom up are making shipping smarter too. Singapore is building a massive new port that will expand its use of automated cranes and driverless vehicles. It has also launched an international effort to digitise trade. Tan Chong Meng, head of Singapore’s PSA, a giant port operator, explains that “like the SWIFT codes used in banking, we need common digital standards.”
IBM and Maersk are using blockchain to try to make shipping paperless and transparent. Their TradeLens initiative got a big boost in May when CMA CGM and MSC, two big European shipping firms, joined. The consortium accounts for almost half the world’s cargo-container shipments. Every participant in the process, from shipper to customs agent to auditor, will be able to track shipments from start to finish by inspecting the relevant parts of the blockchain rather than ploughing through lots of paperwork.
Standing at Flex’s Pulse command centre near Silicon Valley, Tom Linton looks every inch a commander-in-chief. The system gives him access to 92 variables from his supply chain in real time. Rather than hoard this intelligence, he shares it with employees, suppliers and clients on computers and mobile phones.
His “data democracy” has decentralised a lot of decision-making and speeded up the flow of parts. In the first two years of using Pulse, Flex reduced inventory by 11 days and released $580m of cash. “The theory of everything is speed, and you need visibility to get velocity,” says Mr Linton.
To deliver that speed, product design is undergoing a transformation. Spencer Fung is chief executive of Li & Fung, an Asian supply-chain firm that has helped Western MNCs with sourcing for over a century. Getting a new fashion item from paper sketch to the high street used to take 40 weeks, he recalls. Now it can take half that.
Ford’s Hau Thai-Tang says the use of 3D prototyping and digital design shortened the development of the new Mustang GT500, a sports car, by 18 months. Carbon, a Californian 3D-printing unicorn rumoured to be considering a public flotation, is now printing parts used on production lines that produce hundreds of thousands of Ford vehicles and Adidas running shoes a year.
Logistics innovators are harnessing platform technologies like those pioneered by Uber and Airbnb. Warehouse Exchange, a startup, matches owners offering slivers of warehouses on short-term contracts to firms with uncertain or highly fluctuating storage needs. UPS, a big American courier, last year launched Ware2Go, a platform that connects firms with warehouse space, inventory management and other logistics services.
Fast Radius, a Chicago-based unicorn, has
|
8,548 | 5 | 0 |
, Footnote 289, Footnote 290, Footnote 291, Footnote 292, Footnote 293, Footnote 294, Footnote 295, Footnote 296, Footnote 297, Footnote 298, Footnote 299, Footnote 300, Footnote 301, Footnote 302.
Knowledge and skills for point-of-care risk assessment
Healthcare workers should have sufficient knowledge, skills and resources to perform a PCRA before every interaction with a patient to apply appropriate control measures. In order to perform a PCRA, each HCW should have an understanding of the following principles, taking into consideration the level of care they are providing, their level of education and their specific job/responsibilities:
- the links in the chain of infection
- variables that influence transmission of microorganisms that may include type of exposure, size of inoculum, host susceptibility and control methods that reduce risk
- characteristics of the microorganisms that may include reservoirs, infectivity, mode of transmission, incubation period, period of communicability and virulence
- patient care practices and activities that contribute to exposure to microorganisms
- exposure risks specific to the healthcare setting
- environmental circumstances
- the level of risk and the appropriate control measures to be put in place to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms
- how to consult with IPC with concerns or questions
- control measures that may differ with different microorganisms and in different healthcare settings
Application of point-of-care risk assessments
When performing a PCRA, each HCW may consider asking questions to determine the risk of exposure and potential for transmission of microorganisms during patient interactions. Examples of such questions are:
- What contact is the HCW going to have with the patient?
- What task(s) or procedures(s) is the HCW going to perform? Is there a risk of splashes/sprays?
- If the patient has diarrhea, is he/she continent? If incontinent, can stool be contained in an adult incontinence product?
- Is the patient able and willing to perform hand hygiene?
- Is the patient in a shared room?
Tables 2 and 3 provide an overview of some of the risk factors identified in the questions above to consider when applying a PCRA, using C. difficile infection and seasonal influenza as examples. The tables outline how the risk of exposure and potential transmission changes, depending on variables in the infected source, environment and susceptible host. Risk factors to be considered as part of your PCRA, as outlined in Tables 2 and 3, include the following.
- An infected source: The PCRA should evaluate the changing nature of the infected source's symptoms and environment to determine the appropriate PPE for the HCW, other staff members and visitors. The PCRA should also determine if there is a need to move the patient to a single room with a private bathroom, and any other practice changes needed to address a change in a patient's condition.
- A susceptible host: The PCRA should evaluate whether the susceptible host has developed an infection such as C. difficile infection (e.g., cross-infection from a roommate/HCW) or whether the risk posed by an infected source has increased or decreased (e.g., diarrhea has increased or stools are now formed). The PCRA should lead to a determination of appropriate PPE that should be used to care for the patient in various situations. Examples include changing diaper products, taking a blood pressure or delivering meal trays with no patient or environmental contact, determining whether there is a need to move the patient or the roommates to another area, determining whether there is a need for enhanced housekeeping, and any other care practices required as a result of the change in risk for C. difficile acquisition.
|Source||Higher transmission risk||Lower transmission risk|
|Infectious agent/infected source||Frequent diarrhea||Formed stools|
|Poor hygiene||Good hygiene|
|Not capable of self-care due to physical condition, age or cognitive impairment||Capable of self-care|
|Environment||High patient/nurse ratio||Low patient/nurse ratio|
|Shared bathroom, shared sink||Single room, private in-room toilet, designated patient handwashing sink|
|Shared commode without cleaning between patients||Dedicated commode|
|No hand hygiene at point-of-care||Hand hygiene at point-of-care|
|No designated staff handwashing sink or sink is used for other purposes or sink is dirty||Accessible, designated, clean staff handwashing sink|
|Inadequate housekeeping||Appropriate housekeeping|
|Susceptible host (patient)||Receiving direct patient care||Capable of self-care|
|Poor personal hygiene||Good personal hygiene|
|Source||Higher transmission risk||Lower transmission risk|
|Infectious agent/infected source||Copious respiratory secretions||Minimal respiratory secretions|
|Frequent cough or sneeze||Infrequent cough or sneeze|
|Poor compliance with respiratory hygiene||Compliance with respiratory hygiene practices|
|Early stage of illness||Convalescent stage of illness|
|Not capable of self-care||Capable of self-care|
|Infants and children (potential prolonged viral shedding and environmental contamination)||Adults|
|Immunocompromised (potential prolonged viral shedding)||Immunocompetent|
|Inadequate patient placement or cohorting||Adequate patient placement, cohorting|
|Environment||High patient/nurse ratio||Low patient/nurse ratio|
|Prolonged/frequent contact to infected source||Limited contact with infected source|
|Shared room, washroom||Single room and washroom|
|Inadequate housekeeping||Appropriate housekeeping|
|Shared patient care equipment without cleaning between episodes of patient care||Dedicated equipment or cleaning and disinfection of equipment between uses|
|Inadequate spatial separation between infected source and susceptible host (less than two metres)||Adequate spatial separation between infected source and susceptible host (at least two metres)|
|Non-compliance with cleaning and disinfections standards||Compliance with cleaning and disinfection standards|
|Not capable of self-care||Capable of self-care|
|Underlying disease||No underlying disease|
|Susceptible||Immunized or recovered from disease|
(HCWs or other staff)
|Inadequate application of engineering, administrative and PPE controls||Performs PCRA and chooses PPE appropriate to risk|
|Inadequate hand hygiene||Compliance with appropriate hand hygiene|
|Infected source actively coughing and sneezing unable to contain secretions||Compliance with respiratory hygiene|
|Not immunized against the circulating strain of influenza virus||Immunized against the circulating influenza virus more than two weeks prior to exposure|
Applying control measures following point-of-care risk assessment
Additional precautions are to be applied as per the organizational policies and procedures. The PCRA of the circumstances of the patient, the environment and the task to be performed determine the control measures that should be used. Control measures are at the level of HCW patient care practices and PPE in the hierarchy of controls, and may include:
- hand hygiene, ensuring point-of-care ABHR is available and used (expected as the standard of care for all HCWs in all healthcare settings)
- patient placement and accommodation, prioritizing patients with uncontained wound drainage or uncontained diarrhea into a single room or placing a patient with suspected or confirmed airborne infection into an AIIR with the door closed
- treatment of active infection
- roommate selection for shared rooms or for transport in shared ambulances (and other types of transportation, such as air ambulances, taxis), considering the immune status of patients who will potentially be exposed to certain infections (e.g., measles, mumps, rubella, varicella)
- patient flow, restricting the movement of symptomatic patients within the specific patient care area/facility or outside the facility, as appropriate, for the suspected or confirmed microbial etiology
- work assignment, considering the immune status of HCWs who will potentially be exposed to certain infections (e.g., measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella)
- personal protective equipment selection, applying PPE appropriate to the suspected or confirmed infection or colonization
- cleaning and disinfecting non-critical patient care equipment and the patient environment
- handling of linen and waste
- restricting visitor access where appropriate
- reassessing the need for continuing or discontinuing additional precautions
2. Healthcare worker control measures to reduce exposure to and transmission of infectious agents
Routine practices are a comprehensive set of IPC measures that have been developed for use in the routine care of all patients at all times in all healthcare settings. Routine practices aim to minimize or prevent HAIs in all individuals in the healthcare setting, including patients, HCWs, visitors and contractors. Routine practices address infectious agent/infected source control, susceptible host protection and environmental hygiene utilizing aspects from all components of the hierarchy of controls.
All HCWs (e.g. physicians, nurses, allied HCWs, students, volunteers and others) are responsible for complying with routine practices and for tactfully calling infractions to the attention of offenders. No one is exempt from complying with routine practices.
Patients and visitors have a responsibility to comply with routine practices where indicated. Teaching patients and visitors basic principles (e.g., hand hygiene, use of PPE) is the responsibility of all HCWs.
Routine practices—Hand hygiene
The efficacy of hand disinfection in reducing nosocomial infection, as recognized by Semmelweis in 1847, has been repeatedly reaffirmedFootnote 303, Footnote 304. Use of ABHR has been shown to reduce HAI ratesFootnote 217, Footnote 305. Hand hygiene with point-of-care ABHR is the standard of care expected in all healthcare settings and of all HCWs.
A consistent trend demonstrating a reduction in infection rates related to improved hand hygiene has been reportedFootnote 305, Footnote 306, Footnote 307, Footnote 308, Footnote 309. However, sustaining improved hand hygiene rates and the reduction of HAIs is difficult, as a return to prestudy rates often occurs once the study is completed and interventions to promote hand hygiene are discontinuedFootnote 310, Footnote 311. Refer to the PHAC IPC guideline Hand Hygiene Practices in Healthcare SettingsFootnote 217 for further information.
Routine practices—Patient placement and accommodation
Accommodation of inpatients in single rooms facilitates IPC activities. Single rooms with a private toilet, designated patient handwashing sink and designated staff handwashing sink may reduce opportunities for cross-transmission between patients, particularly when the patient has poor hygiene, contaminates the environment, or cannot comply with IPC measures because of physical, behavioural and/or cognitive impairment(s)Footnote 201, Footnote 202, Footnote 289, Footnote 290, Footnote 291, Footnote 292, Footnote 293, Footnote 294, Footnote 295, Footnote 296, Footnote 297, Footnote 297, Footnote 299, Footnote 300, Footnote 301, Footnote 302. The HCW, in consultation with bed/accommodation coordinators and/or ICP professionals, as necessary, should select the most appropriate accommodation based on the PCRA and for prioritizing use of single rooms and AIIRs, if these are scarce.
Routine practices—Patient flow
Patient flow refers to patient transfer/transport within and outside of the facility and patient activity. There is a potential for exposure to and transmission of microorganisms as a result of patient activity and transport, due to inadvertent contact with other patients, patient care items and environmental surfaces. Patients should not be transported between patient care units, departments or facilities unless medically necessary. Frequent patient transfers should be avoided, as this increases the number of interactions with staff and other patients, providing opportunities for transmission to occurFootnote 25.
Routine practices—Aseptic technique for injections and intravascular and other invasive procedures
Aseptic technique is the purposeful prevention of transfer of microorganisms from the patient's body surface to a normally sterile body site or from one person to another by keeping the microbe count to an irreducible minimum. Aseptic techniques, sometimes referred to as sterile techniques, are measures designed to render the patient's skin, supplies and surfaces maximally free from microorganisms. Such practices are used when performing procedures that expose the patient's normally sterile sites (e.g., intravascular system, spinal canal, subdural space, urinary tract) in such a manner as to keep them free from microorganisms. Components of aseptic technique prior to a procedure may involve the following: preparing the patient's skin with an antiseptic; hand hygiene, preferably with ABHR or, if not accessible, an antimicrobial soap; sterile gloves, gowns, masks, equipment, and drapes; and maintaining a sterile field.
Infections may result from failure to use proper skin antisepsis prior to injection of medications, vaccines or venipunctureFootnote 312, Footnote 313. Chlorhexidine in alcohol inactivates microorganisms on the skin more effectively than most other antiseptics, and is the preferred antiseptic for skin preparation prior to insertion of central venous catheters and pulmonary artery cathetersFootnote 314, Footnote 315, Footnote 316, Footnote 317. Evidence suggests maximal aseptic barriers (including a head cap, mask, long-sleeved sterile surgical gown, sterile gloves and large (full bed) sterile drape during insertion) reduce infection rates associated with insertion of central venous cathetersFootnote 228, Footnote 318, Footnote 319, Footnote 320, Footnote 321. As reported studies differ in their patient populations, research designs and healthcare settings, additional investigation is warranted.
Meningitis has been reported after myelography and other spinal procedures and is usually caused by respiratory flora of the person performing the procedureFootnote 322, Footnote 323, Footnote 324, Footnote 325, Footnote 326, Footnote 327, Footnote 328, Footnote 329. The failure of the operator to wear a face mask during the procedureFootnote 325, Footnote 327, Footnote 329, Footnote 330, or to wear a mask properlyFootnote 328, has been implicated. Aseptic technique for sterile procedures, such as placing a catheter or injecting material into the spinal canal or subdural space (e.g., during myelograms, lumbar puncture, intrathecal chemotherapy, and spinal or epidural anesthesia), includes hand hygiene with ABHR, preparation of the site with an antiseptic, the use of a maskFootnote 331, use of sterile gloves and maintaining a sterile field.
Drapes are used to prevent transferring microorganisms from the environment to the patient during the procedure being performed. Masks are worn to prevent microorganisms carried in the HCWs nose and mouth from contaminating the sterile field.
Appropriate aseptic technique for the insertion of urinary catheters includes sterile equipment (e.g., gloves, drapes, sponges and catheters), a sterile or antiseptic solution for cleaning the meatus and a single-use packet of sterile lubricant jelly for insertionFootnote 31.
Aseptic technique for the withdrawal of medication or other sterile substances from any vial or other containers includes hand hygiene, the use of alcohol to prepare the rubber stopper or injection port (waiting for alcohol to dry), single-use sterile needles and syringes and following manufacturer's instructions. Transmission of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus and other agents, has been related to the reuse of needles and/or syringes used to withdraw agents from multiuse vials, inappropriate use of glucose monitoring equipment, and reusing a single needle and syringe to administer medications to multiple patientsFootnote 92, Footnote 167, Footnote 168, Footnote 169, Footnote 170, Footnote 171, Footnote 172, Footnote 173, Footnote 174, Footnote 332.
Recommendations for injection safety are as followsFootnote 333:
- Do not administer medications from the same syringe to more than one patient, even if the needle is changed.
- Consider a syringe or needle to be contaminated after it has been used to enter or connect to a patient's intravenous infusion bag or administration set.
- Do not enter a vial or bag/bottle with a used syringe or needle.
- Do not use medications packaged as single-use vials for more than one patient.
- Assign medications packaged as multi-use vials to a single patient whenever possible.
- Follow proper IPC practices during the preparation and administration of injectable medications.
Routine practices—Personal protective equipment
Personal protective equipment consists of barriers worn by HCWs to protect the patient from transmission of microorganisms and to protect the HCW from exposure to bloodborne and other microorganisms (e.g., sprays of blood, body fluids, respiratory tract or other secretions or excretions). Healthcare organizations are responsible for ensuring that HCWs have access to the PPE appropriate to the work and patient care being provided and have received training on its use (as described in the role of the organization; refer to Part A, Section III, B).
Healthcare workers should be fully knowledgeable of the application and limitations of the specific PPE available for their use and be able to determine what is needed by assessing the risk of exposure to blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions, mucous membranes and non-intact skinFootnote 22, Footnote 219 during patient care interactions. The PCRA identifies hazards and enables the HCW to select PPE compatible with the hazard likely to be encountered during the patient care interaction. The selected PPE should maximize protection, with considerations for dexterity and comfort.
Performing a PCRA to determine whether PPE is necessary is also important to avoid over-reliance on PPE, misuse or waste. Over-reliance on PPE may result in a false sense of security. Misapplication or incorrect removal of PPE can result in inadvertent exposure of the HCWFootnote 334 or the patient to infectious agents or contamination of the patient's environmentFootnote 335. Wasting PPE can be avoided by maximizing the provision of clinical care during each entry into the patient's room.
The effectiveness of PPE is highly dependent on appropriate and proper use. Appropriate and proper use of PPE includes:
- point-of-care risk assessment to determine need for PPE
- using the correct technique for putting on and taking off PPE (refer to Appendix X)
- using the correct technique when wearing PPE (e.g., not to self-contaminate)
- discarding PPE into designated receptacles immediately after use, followed by hand hygiene
Routine practices—Gloves (refer also to Appendix IX)
The use of gloves is not a substitute for hand hygiene, but is an additional measure of protection. For routine practices, glove use is dependent on a PCRA of the patient, the environment and the interactionFootnote 336. Gloves are used to reduce the transmission of microorganisms from one patient to another or from one body site to another, and to reduce the risk of exposure of HCWs to blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions, mucous membranes, draining wounds and non-intact skin and for handling items or touching surfaces visibly or potentially soiledFootnote 22, Footnote 219, Footnote 337, Footnote 338. Gloves do not completely eliminate hand contaminationFootnote 337, as hands can become contaminated during the wearing of gloves through glove defects or during glove removalFootnote 339, Footnote 340, Footnote 341. Therefore, hand hygiene is necessary after the removal of gloves. Use of gloves may provide a false sense of security, leading to decreased hand hygieneFootnote 336, Footnote 342, Footnote 343, Footnote 344, Footnote 345.
It is important to assess and select the most appropriate glove to be worn for the circumstances. Glove selection should include assessment of its durability during use, the rigor and duration of the procedures being performed, the potential for exposure to infectious microorganisms or other hazardous substances and, ultimately, the safety of the user (e.g., latex allergies)Footnote 346 Factors such as comfort and
|
8,548 | 5 | 1 |
da quel giorno i segnali per la nuova stagione sono stati diversi rispetto agli anni precedenti. Ma ancora più tristi sono le prestazioni, che sono state molto brutte quest’anno. Non avevamo un’auto competitiva”.<|endoftext|>From School Library Journal
Kindergarten-Grade 3—Simple prose introduces two animals, a cat and a dog, that survived Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, and, after four months of wandering, were rescued by the Best Friends Animal Society. The narrative is obviously part supposition as the original owners were never found, despite efforts to locate them. Since both pets had bobbed tails, a shelter volunteer named them Bob Cat and Bobbi, hence the book's title. It was soon discovered that Bob Cat was blind, making his survival even more amazing and underscoring the idea that the two critters relied on one another during their ordeal. The terrifying event is told about in a matter-of-fact way, with the text concentrating on the "feel good" aspect of the two Bobbies. The gouache illustrations, done in soft pastel shades, present realistic glimpses of the devastated city that serve as a backdrop for the animals' struggles. An afterword includes a photo and additional information. An excellent introduction to Katrina for young children, this touching animal tale memorializes a modern catastrophe and pays tribute to the many volunteers who traveled to New Orleans to help.—Judith Constantinides, formerly at East Baton Rouge Parish Main Library, LA
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
“Neither Bobbi the dog nor Bob Cat has a tail, and some say that’s what brought them together.” Abandoned during the Katrina evacuations, pets Bobbi and Bob Cat wander dangerous, debris-strewn streets seeking food and water. Eventually taken to a rescue shelter, the Bobbies show distress when separated but remain calm when together. Workers then discover that Bob Cat is blind and that Bobbi seems to serve as his seeing-eye dog. A national news appearance ultimately results in the animals' shared adoption in a happy new home. The descriptive, sometimes folksy prose and realistically rendered gouache illustrations accessibly convey the Bobbies’ experiences and mutual devotion. An afterword, with a photo of the real-life furry friends, notes the parts of the narrative that are speculative, such as the animals’ pre-shelter experiences.This moving story about the importance of friendship and home highlights the plight of the hurricane’s lost and left-behind animals, as well as the value of animal shelters. Grades K-3. --Shelle Rosenfeld<|endoftext|>Temmuz 2020
Yaparken egzersiz iyi beslenmeniz gerekir, bu yüzden egzersizden önce ihtiyacınız olan yiyeceğin türünü ve miktarını bilmeniz önemlidir, çünkü bunların seçimi fiziksel ve psikolojik faktörlere bağlıdır. Aşağıda, gerçekleştirmek için en çok neyin tavsiye edildiğini görelim. yoğun egzersizler .
Ana kaynağı güç bizim organizmamız için karbonhidratlar ; ve onlar için biraz korku duymamıza rağmen kalori katkıda bulunan, egzersiz yapmadan önce tüketmek en uygun olanıdır.
Zengin gıdalar karmaşık karbonhidratlar bunlar: makarna, pirinç, tahıllar, ekmek, patates vb. Zengin gıdalar basit karbonhidratlar suiistimal edilmemesi gerekenler şunlardır: meyve suları, taze meyve veya kurutulmuş meyve, bal, şekerler, tatlı ekmek, çikolata, vb.
İkincisinin tüketimini aşmak, seviyesine neden olabilir. kan şekeri kısa sürede azalma egzersiz ; yani, aniden yükseltirler güç ama aynı şekilde düşürürler ve tam olarak size sağlayacak yiyecekler değildir. güç uzun süre boyunca aktif kalmak yoğun egzersiz .
Tüketimini hatırlamanız gerekir. karbonhidratlar Senin içinde dengeli olmalı diyet normal, ancak aşırı egzersiz olarak maraton bir YETERLİLİK a veya birkaç saatlik egzersiz, daha fazla miktarda karbonhidratlar , miktarını artırmak için glikojen içinde kaslar .
Bir diğer önemli faktör ise öğrenmeyi öğrenmenizdir. yavaş yavaş çiğnemek yiyecekleri, onları daha iyi sindirmek için, ayrıca yiyeceklerle birlikte çok soğuk sıvılar içmemelisiniz, böylece sizin sindirim süreci .
Son gıda alımınız ve egzersiz yapma arasında ne kadar zamana ihtiyacınız var? Üç ila altı saat arasında olmalıdır, böylece zaten sindirmiş olursunuz ya da egzersizin zorlanması rahatsızlığa ya da hasara neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, enerjinin vücudunuzda daha uzun süre kalması için doğru karbonhidratları yemek en uygunudur.
proteinler onlar gerektirir çiğneme daha yavaş ve bu nedenle tüketimi, karşılaştırıldığında karbonhidratlar .
Az arasında gres , yemek daha iyi sindirilecek. Yüksek gıdalar elyaf onlar da önerilmez, çünkü gastrointestinal rahatsızlık yetersiz anlarda.
Ardından, yoğun egzersiz rutininizi birleştirmek için en çok belirtilen menü, karbonhidratlar çiğ veya pişmiş sebzeler eşliğinde makarna veya pirinç olarak; Biraz et veya balık ekleyebilirsiniz, ancak daha az miktarda. Yoğurt, meyve veya meyve suları ile takviye edebilirsiniz.
Takip ettiğiniz iyi bir işaret uygun diyet sen misin sindirim Düzenli ve rahatsızlık duymadan kabızlık . Böylece en iyi performansı elde etmek için eğitim Ek olarak, bunun için belirtilen diyeti uygulayın. hidrat Yeterince.<|endoftext|>La compagnia tedesca Munich Re, numero uno mondiali delle riassicurazioni, prevede l'aumento delle catastrofi naturali collegate al surriscaldamento del clima. Torsten Jeworrek, membro dell'esecutivo di Munich Re, rileva che per le compagnie assicuratrici e di riassicurazione il rischio di nuove catastrofi naturali e' portatore di forti perdite potenziali. Nessuno mette piu' seriamente in discussione l'esistenza dei cambiamenti climatici e nel lungo termine cio' determinera' un aumento delle catastrofi naturali.
Qui
.
Veicoli elettrici - mobilità - tecnologie - ambiente - energia rinnovabile. L'esaurimento delle risorse e le conseguenti ripercussioni politiche ed economiche rendono necessario ridurre la dipendenza dall'importazione di prodotti petroliferi e spingere quindi verso lo sviluppo di fonti energetiche alternative. I veicoli elettrici possono utilizzare tecnologie e risorse nel modo più efficiente.<|endoftext|>İddiasının iftira olduğu gerekçesiyle ihracına karar verilen Nazlıaka, partiye dönmek için af talebiyle CHP Parti Meclisi'ne başvurmuştu. Dün CHP Genel Başkanı Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu başkanlığında toplanan Parti Meclisi, Nazlıaka'nın talebini değerlendirdi. Ankara Milletvekili Aylin Nazlıaka'nın af talebi reddedildi. Yapılan kapalı oylamada 17 kabul 38 ret oyu çıktı. 5 PM üyesi de oy kullanmadı.<|endoftext|>The Guglielmo Marconi Story
Some History of Marconi in New Jersey
The New Jersey area is rich in the history and the pioneering work of radio communications. Early radio can be said to have been developed, refined, and manufactured in this area. Pioneers such as Bell, Edison, Tesla, Marconi, Fessenden, De Forest, Armstrong, Sarnoff, and a host of others worked and lived in the area. Of particular interest is Guglielmo Marconi. He experimented and manufactured early transoceanic and ship-to-shore equipment in the New Jersey area. Many of the Marconi Chapter 138 members were directly impacted by Marconi, and some participated in his early work. It was felt that Marconi most closely represented the QCWA chapter membership and it would be a fitting tribute to name the chapter after him.
1. Twin Lights at Highlands, NJ, USA (1899-1907)
On the 21st of September 1899, Marconi arrived in New York. He arrived to a wild reception and was obligated to answer hundreds of questions from the reporters who crowded the quayway to meet him and who waited for him at his hotel. The directors of the New York Herald hoped that commissioning Marconi’s services would generate great public excitement for the upcoming America’s Cup race. With scientific interest in wireless, and curiosity about Marconi to add to the sporting enthusiasm, the Herald hoped for first-class publicity. But, the event was upstaged by the triumphant return home from the Philippines of Admiral Dewey, the victor of Manila, who was to be given a hero’s welcome by New York after his successes in the war against Spain. The yacht races were postponed so that they would not interfere with the patriotic demonstrations, and the Herald made an attempt to get Marconi into the Dewey limelight. Marconi hurriedly fitted his wireless to the flagship Olympia so that he could report the event.
The Herald provided stations for Marconi’s apparatus in the Navesink Highlands on the New Jersey coast overlooking the New York harbor; the top of a tall building on 34th Street, New York; and to the cable ship, Mackay Bennett, moored over the New York transatlantic cable which it picked up to provide immediate communications to London and Paris. The Herald also chartered two other steamship to cover all the events with Marconi’s system. Marconi was on board one of the steamers, the Ponce, along with other US Naval officials who acted as observers of wireless. The ‘experiments’ were very successful. The Herald printed a most enthusiastic two column report to the world that Marconi had passed the stage of uncertainty, that wireless was adopted for use at sea, and that its value could not be too highly estimated.
At the Twin Lights site, Highlands, New Jersey, Marconi erected antenna towers to demonstrate the practicality of the transmission of information via "Hertzian" waves. At the invitation of the editor of the New York Herald newspaper, the 25 year old Marconi set up a transmitter in a boat to follow the America's Cup race between the Shamrock of Sir Thomas Lipton and the Columbia II of JP Morgan outside of New York Harbor.
On September 30, 1899, and just prior to the race, Commodore Dewey's fleet was approaching New York Harbor, and the approach of the fleet and Dewey's victory in the Pacific in the Spanish-American war was relayed by radio from Marconi's boat to the Highlands station, and thence to New York and the newspapers. The race was postponed and a naval review and parade was organized to welcome Dewey. Thus, this became the first reception in America of wireless messages.
By mid-October, the celebrations for Dewey were over, and on October 3 the races began. On October 16, the US yacht Columbia owned by J.P. Morgan gained the required 3 out of 5 decision over the yacht Shamrock owned by Sir Thomas Lipton. The five-hour races lasted for 13 days and were pursued to the end, with the Columbia winning, and all the progress and conclusion of the race reported by Marconi's station. The results were immediately printed in the New York Herald and posted in storefront windows in New York City. Some 5000 words in all were transmitted.
"The Twin Lights station became the first one in the nation capable of transmitting and receiving radio messages on a regular commercial basis and remained in use until 1907. These practical demonstrations resulted in the recognition of the value of radio and 'Marconi’s' were required on all commercial ships. This in turn accounted for the rescue of the 705 survivors of Titanic when it sank in the North Atlantic."
[Adapted from exhibit material at the Twin Lights museum]
2. Shark River in Wall Township, NJ, USA (1914-1924)
In 1914 Marconi established a branch of the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America in Wall Township. The Wall Township site adjoins the Shark River, a tributary to the Atlantic ocean that is approximately 2 miles to the Jersey coast and 5 miles north of the Manasquan Inlet. On this site the Marconi company built a development laboratory, dormitories, two resident houses, and other facilities. These facilities are listed on the New Jersey Historic Register and some are still in use by the Army.
The Company served as a commercial radio station for transatlantic communications. Along the banks of the Shark River, Marconi erected a number of high towers, approximately 200 feet high, to “string up” a long bronze wire antenna about one mile long. This site was used for reception of the Morse code transatlantic signals. In 1906 Guglielmo Marconi used this station for the first to reliable transmission and reception of commercial transoceanic messages. The Shark River site served as the receiving location and the transmitting studio, although the transmission power station and antenna were remotely located in the New Brunswick, NJ area. The top of one of his towers stands near the Shark River as a memorial. On this site the memorial states:
"Marconi American Wireless Company, 1913-1924, W1GM, First Commercial Transatlantic Communications Installation".
3. New Brunswick , NJ, USA ( -1919)
Forty miles inland in Franklin Township, at what is now referred to as the New Brunswick Station, the transmitting station was built. Morse code telegraphy and control to the transmitting station was remoted from Shark River over telephone lines to the transmitter. Here, Marconi constructed a one mile long antenna made of bronze cable and suspended 400 feet above the ground on 13 towers along the Delaware and Raritan Canal. This antenna was used with a 15 kilowatt high power spark transmitting station.
President Woodrow Wilson’s appeal for the overthrow or abdication of the Kaiser was relayed to Germany and the rest of the Europe from New Brunswick. In 1919 the ‘Radio Corporation of America (RCA)’ was awarded the assets of the British-owned Marconi Company and in 1920 the New Brunswick station became one of RCA’s principal transoceanic stations. A Marconi memorial stands on the site of his former residence in the area. Two cottages remain standing which housed a team of Marconi’s employees on Easton Avenue.
4. Marconi Park Complex, Wall Township, NJ (1914 - 1997)
In 1914, Marconi established a branch of the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America in Wall Township, NJ, USA. The Wall Township site adjoins the Shark River and is approximately 2 miles for the Jersey coast. On this site, the Marconi company built a development laboratory, dormitories and two resident houses. These facilities are listed on the New Jersey Historic Register and are still use by the Army. The Company served as a commercial radio station for transatlantic communications. Along the banks of the Shark River, Marconi erected a number of high towers (200 to 400 feet high) to “string up” a long bronze wire antenna about one mile long. This site was used for reception of the Morse code transatlantic signals. The top of one of his towers near the Shark River stand as a memorial. On this site the memorial states "Marconi American Wireless Company, 1913-1924, W1GM, First Commercial Transatlantic Communications Installation".
In 1941 the Marconi site was sold to the US Army Signal Corps at Fort Monmouth, NJ. The site was named after Colonel Paul Wesley Evans, Commander of the 101st Field Signal Battalion in W.W.I. Colonel Evans worked with Marconi on the development of radio transmitters and receivers. The Evans Area covers an area of 258 acres. The Marconi buildings are being preserved, and plans call for a park with walking and nature trails, college campus, recreation areas and a museum. The first part of the complex will be turned over this summer with the remaining about one year later.
Contributions of general information, stories, pictures that can be reproduced, etc., about Marconi activities, especially in New Jersey, would be very greatly appreciated. Information will be published on this page.
Contact any officer, or the webmaster.
Return to Chapter 138 Home Page.<|endoftext|>医用氧气的由来以及作用效果
氧气的中文名称是清朝徐寿命名的。他认为人的生存离不开氧气，所以就命名为“养气”即“养气之质”，后来为了统一就用“氧”代替了“养”字，便叫这“氧气”。
医疗保健方面
供给呼吸：用于缺氧、低氧或无氧环境，例如：潜水作业、登山运动、高空飞行、宇宙航行、医疗抢救等时。
一、氧是心脏的“动力源”
氧是人体进行新陈代谢的关键物质，是人体生命活动的第一需要。呼吸的氧转化为人体内可利用的氧，称为血氧。血液携带血氧向全身输入能源，血氧的输送量与心脏、大脑的工作状态密切相关。心脏泵血能力越强，血氧的含量就越高；心脏冠状动脉的输血能力越强，血氧输送到心脑及全身的浓度就越高，人体重要器官的运行状态就越好。
氧气钢瓶
二、增加吸氧量可减少术后感染及止吐
麻醉病人在术后发生恶心或呕吐颇为常见，病人感到非常难受。进行此项研究的麻醉师说，增加吸氧比至2009年为止所使用的所有止吐药效果更为明显，且无危险和价格低廉。氧气防止呕吐的机制可能是防止肠道局部缺血，从而阻止催吐因子的释放。但完全用氧而不用一氧化氮是不可取的，因为这有可能使病人在手术中觉醒。
三、高压氧治疗突发性耳聋
高压氧不仅能改善内耳听觉器官的缺氧状态，而且还能改善内耳血液循环即组织代谢，促进听觉功能的恢复。一旦患了突发性耳聋，应立即去医院高压氧科，因为高压氧对突发性耳聋的疗效常取决于最初的治疗时间，一般在发病后三天之内（最迟不应超过一周）治疗效果最佳。<|endoftext|>Skip to: Main Navigation | Main Content
or try the A-Z Library
Do you prefer fresh or frozen vegies?
Conditions of Use
With life becoming increasingly frantic for many of us, frozen vegies are a very convenient healthy meal option stashed in many freezers. But are they as good for us as fresh vegies?
"Whether fresh
|
8,548 | 5 | 2 |
ımız ancak bu kadarını ele almamıza yetmektedir. Allah'ın izniyle konunun daha etraflı bir şekilde anlaşılmasını sağlayabilmek için bir kitap hazırlıyoruz. İnşallah bir mani çıkmazsa bu yazı yayınlandığında belki o kitap da yayınlanmış olabilir. Okuyucularımızdan bu konuyu daha detaylı bir şekilde öğrenmek isteyenlerin o kitaptan istifade etmelerinin faydalı olacağını umuyorum. Bu kitap hakkında bilgiyi ve Afganistan'daki gelişmelerle ilgili diğer yazılarımızı Web sitemizde bulmanız mümkün olacaktır.
Filistin topraklarında, Eylül 2000'in sonunda başlayan Aksa İntifadası o günden buyana kesintisiz bir şekilde devam ediyor. İsrail işgal devleti bu direnişin önüne geçebilmek için şiddet ve zulmün her çeşidine başvurdu. Çünkü bu direniş İsrail işgal devletinde maddi yönden önemli kayıplara sebep olduğu gibi bu devletin geleceği açısından önemli riskler arz eden gelişmelere de sebep olmuştur. Bu gelişmelerin başında gelen ise Filistin topraklarına yerleştirilen yahudi göçmenlerdeki güven kaybıdır. Bu güven kaybı Filistin topraklarına yeni yahudi yerleşimcilerin yerleştirilmesini engellediği gibi daha önce yerleştirilmiş olanların da basite alınamayacak bir kesiminin geriye dönmelerine veya kendilerini daha güvende hissedecekleri ülkelere göç etmelerine sebep olmuştur. İşte bu durum İsrail işgal devletinin geleceği açısından önemli endişelere yol açmaktadır. Bundan dolayı İsrail işgal devletinin geleceğinin kurtarılması için yeniden bir imaj değişikliğine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Son zamanlarda "Ortadoğu'da yeniden barış" nakaratının tekrar gündeme getirilmesinin sebebi işte budur.
İsrail işgal devletinin hayatta kalmasının sağlanması için iki farklı imaj kullanılmaktadır. Bunlardan birisi baskı, şiddet, korku ve terör imajı ki bundan daha çok psikolojik savaş politikalarında yararlanılmaktadır. İkinci imaj ise "barış, diyalog" imajıdır. Bu iki imajdan birinin yıpranması durumunda diğeri allanıp pullanıp öne sürülmektedir. Filistin'deki Aksa İntifadası'nın durdurulması için uzun süreden beridir Ariel Şaron'un "Beyrut Kasabı" adıyla özdeşleşen saldırı ve terör imajından yararlanılıyordu. Ama istenilen sonuç elde edilemedi. Bilakis belirttiğimiz şekilde İsrail işgal devletinin geleceği açısından riskler arz eden sonuçlarla karşı karşıya gelindi. İkinci imaj için ise uzun süreden beridir Şimon Peres'ten yararlanılıyor. Bu sıralarda onun ağırlıklı bir şekilde öne sürüldüğünü görüyoruz. Oysa Peres, Şaron'un Ulusal Birlik hükümetine ortak olduğu gibi aynı zamanda onun hükümetinde Dışişleri bakanı sıfatını taşımaktadır. Dolayısıyla Şaron'un bütün insanlık dışı saldırılarında, vahşi terör politikasında onun da parmağı vardır ve o da suç ortağıdır. Zaten İsrail işgal devletinin yaşatılması için kullanılan ve sözünü ettiğimiz iki kanadın her ikisi de aynı amaca hizmet ederler. Aralarındaki tek fark imaj farkıdır ki o da sadece dışa yansıyan şekildir. Özde ve uygulamada herhangi bir fark söz konusu değildir.
Sonuç itibariyle Filistin direnişinin durdurulması ve İsrail işgal devletinin geleceğinin kurtarılması için yeni bir "barış" oyunun oynandığını görüyoruz. Ancak Filistin halkı artık bu tür oyunlara iyice alıştığından, uluslararası platformda gündeme getirilen "barış" numaralarından bir şey beklemiyor. Aslında Filistin topraklarında İsrail işgal devleti kendini hiçbir zaman rahat hissedemeyecektir. Özellikle İslami hareketlerin her geçen gün güçlenmesi İsrail işgal devletini bayağı endişelendirmektedir. ABD'nin jandarmalığından yararlanarak İslami oluşumların tümü üzerinde şiddetli bir baskı uygulanmasını sağlamak için uğraşması da bu yüzdendir. Ama onların hesaplarının her zaman tutacağını, oyunlarının başarıyla oynanacağını sanmamalıyız. Gelişmeler, ABD'nin gözlerde büyütüldüğü kadar olmadığını gözler önüne sermiştir. İslami bilinçlenme hareketi de artık bir vakıadır ve bunun önüne geçilmesi mümkün olmayacaktır.<|endoftext|>The World Bank Group is a group of five international organizations responsible for providing finance and advice to countries for the purposes of economic development and eliminating poverty. The Bank came into formal existence on December 27, 1945 following international ratification of the Bretton Woods agreements, which emerged from the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (July 1 - July 22, 1944). Commencing operations on June 25, 1946, it approved its first loan on May 9, 1947 ($250m to France for postwar reconstruction, in real terms the largest loan issued by the Bank to date). Following decolonization, many African countries were ruled by dictators. Some corrupt dictators are alleged to have stolen much of the financial support lent by the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and other lenders, suggesting a lack of oversight by the World Bank and leaving a legacy of enormous national debt in these recipient nations.
However, World Bank standards and methods such as transparent procedures for competitive procurement and environmental standards for project evaluation are highly valued by some, and have been adopted successfully in some areas. By convention, the United States nominates the head of the World Bank as the biggest donor, while the Europeans nominate the head of the IMF. This arrangement is criticized by many as a mechanism that allows the US to exercise undue influence. The appointment in June 2005 of Paul Wolfowitz as the Bank's 10th President created controversy because in his previous role within the Bush administration as deputy defense secretary he had been a leading advocate of the invasion of Iraq, which many countries that benefit from the Bank oppose. He resigned May 17 2007 following an investigation into his handling of a promotion for his girl-friend. Rumors, however, circulate that his resignation was engineered by people who were implicated by his campaign against corruption within the Bank . Nobel Peace Prize winner Muhammad Yunus has also criticized the Bank for "all but ignoring tiny loans for impoverished people" although the Bank claims to be "committed to microcredit" .
The World Bank's activities are focused on developing countries, in the fields of human development (education, health), agriculture and rural development (irrigation, rural services), environmental protection (pollution reduction, establishing and enforcing regulations), infrastructure (roads, urban regeneration, electricity), and good governance (anti-corruption, legal institutions development). The IBRD and IDA provide loans at preferential rates to member countries, as well as grants to the poorest countries. Loans or grants for specific projects are often linked to wider policy changes in the sector or the economy. For example, a loan to improve coastal environmental management may be linked to development of new environmental institutions at national and local levels and to implementation of new regulations to limit pollution.
The activities of the International Finance Corporation and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency include investment in the private sector and providing insurance.
The World Bank Institute is the capacity development branch of the World Bank, which provides training and other capacity building programs to member countries.
Five affiliated agencies created between 1956 and 1988 make up the World Bank Group. The Group's headquarters are in Washington, D.C. It is an international organization owned by member governments. It makes a profit, but the profit is used to support continued efforts in poverty reduction.
Technically, the World Bank is part of the United Nations system, but its governance structure is different. Each institution in the World Bank Group is owned by its member governments, which subscribe to its basic share capital, with votes proportional to shares held. Membership gives certain voting rights that are the same for all countries but there are additional votes which depend on financial contributions to the organization.
As of November 1, 2006 the United States held 16.4 percent of total votes, Japan 7.9 percent, Germany 4.5 percent, and the United Kingdom and France each held 4.3 percent. As major decisions require an 85 percent super-majority, the U.S. can block any such major change.
The Five World Bank Group agencies are:
The term "World Bank" generally refers to the IBRD and IDA , whereas the World Bank Group is used to refer to the five agencies collectively.
Governments can choose which of these agencies to join as members. The IBRD has 185 member governments, and the other institutions have between 140 and 176 members. The institutions of the World Bank Group are all run by a Board of Governors that meet once a year. Each member country appoints a governor, generally its Minister of Finance.
The World Bank Group's day to day operations are run by a Board of 24 Executive Directors to whom the governors have delegated certain powers. Each Director represents either one country (for the largest countries), or a group of countries. Executive Directors are appointed by their respective governments or the constituencies. The agencies of the World Bank are each governed by their Articles of Agreement that serve as the legal and institutional foundation for all of their work . The Bank also serves as one of several Implementing Agencies for the UN Global Environment Facility (GEF).
By convention, the Bank President has always been nominated by the U.S. President and is a US citizen. By the same convention, the Managing Director of the IMF has been a European. Although nominated by the US Government, the World Bank President is subject to confirmation by the Board of Governors. The World Bank President serves a term of five years, which may be renewed.
The World Bank Group was recently headed by Paul Wolfowitz. He was appointed on June 1, 2005 but was forced to resign on May 17, 2007. Wolfowitz, a former United States Deputy Secretary of Defense, was nominated by George W. Bush to replace James D. Wolfensohn. It came to light that Wolfowitz had used his influence to transfer his girlfriend out of the World Bank to the State Department for a significantly higher income job. The controversy surrounding this decision and other criticism about his aloof leadership style brought him down.
On May 30, 2007, U.S. President George W. Bush nominated Robert Zoellick to be the next President of the World Bank. Zoellick is a former U.S. Trade Representative and former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State. At the time of his nomination, he was an executive with Goldman Sachs. The nomination is subject to approval by the World Bank Board of Directors.
The World Bank has long been criticized by a range of nongovernmental organizations and academics, notably including its former Chief Economist Joseph Stiglitz, who is equally critical of the International Monetary Fund, the US Treasury Department, and US and other developed country trade negotiators. The Bank's own internal evaluations have drawn negative conclusions. Critics argue that the so-called free market reform policies — which the Bank advocates in many cases — are often harmful to economic development if implemented badly, too quickly ("shock therapy (economics)"), in the wrong sequence, or in very weak, uncompetitive economies. In Russia, for example, some have suggested that it was an apparent shock therapy policy that has significantly raised the number of people living in poverty from 2 million to 60 million, a 3000 percent increase.
Following decolonization, many African countries were ruled by dictators. Some corrupt dictators are alleged to have stolen much of the financial support lent by the World Bank, IMF, and other lenders, suggesting a lack of oversight by the World Bank and leaving a legacy of enormous national debt in these recipient nations.
However, World Bank standards and methods such as transparent procedures for competitive procurement and environmental standards for project evaluation are highly valued by some, and have been adopted successfully in some areas.
Although relied upon by poor countries as a contributor of development finance, the World Bank is often criticized, primarily by opponents of corporate "neo-colonial" globalization. These advocates of alter-globalization fault the bank for what they believe are policies and procedures that undermine national sovereignty of recipient countries.
A related accusation is that the Bank operates under essentially "neo-liberal" principles. In this perspective, reforms born of "neo-liberal" inspiration are not always suitable for nations experiencing conflicts (ethnic wars, border conflicts, etc.), or that are long-oppressed (dictatorship or colonialism) and do not have stable, democratic political systems.
There is suspicion in some circles that the Bank is under the marked political influence of certain countries (notably, the United States) that would profit from advancing their interests. Those who hold this view suspect the World Bank would favor the installation of foreign enterprises, to the detriment of the development of the local economy and the people living in that country.
In her book Masters of Illusion: The World Bank and the Poverty of Nations (1996), author Catherine Caufield makes a sharp criticism of the assumptions and structure of the World Bank operation, arguing that it harms southern nations rather than promoting them. Caufield criticizes the highly homogenized and Western recipes of “development” held by the Bank. Caufield takes the stand that, to the World Bank, different nations and regions are indistinguishable, and ready to receive the “uniform remedy of development.” The danger of this assumption is that to attain even small portions of success, western approaches to life are adopted and traditional economic structures and values are abandoned. Caufield presents a second assumption held by the World Bank, that poor countries cannot modernize without money and advice from abroad. She suggests that this generates a cycle of indebtedness that with the payment of interest means a huge net transfer from the poor to the rich nations each year.
Caufield criticizes two elements in the structure of the World Bank. First, the structure of repayment; the Bank is a lender of foreign currency and demands to be repaid in the same currency. The borrower countries, in order to obtain the currencies to repay the loans, must sell to the rich countries more than they buy from them. However, the rich countries want to be net exporters, not importers. This generates “the transfer problem,” often the only way of repaying loans is to engage in other loans, resulting in an accumulation of debts. Second, she criticizes the high influence of the bank over national sovereignty. As a condition of the credit, the Bank offers advice on how countries should manage their finances, make their laws, provide services, and conduct themselves in the international market. The Bank has great power of persuasion, because if it decides to ostracize a borrower, other major international powers will follow the lead. On top of this, by excessive lending, the Bank has added to its own power and depleted that of its borrowers, generating a blatant inconsistency with its stated mission.
Defenders of the World Bank contend that no country is forced to borrow its money. The Bank provides both loans and grants. Even the loans are concessional since they are given to countries that have no access to international capital markets. Furthermore, the loans, both to poor and middle-income countries, are at below market-value interest rates. The World Bank argues that it can help development more through loans than grants, because money repaid on the loans can then be lent for other projects.
In debates about the World Bank's role, the arguments are complex and often rely as much upon political judgment as economic proof. For example, in the 2005 Massey Lecture, entitled "Race Against Time," Stephen Lewis argued that the structural adjustment policies of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have aggravated and aided the spread of the AIDS pandemic by limiting the funding allowed to health and education sectors. However, it should also be noted that, although finances hardly help stop the spread of the AIDS pandemic, the World Bank is a major source of funding for combating AIDS in poor countries, and in the past six years it has committed about US$ 2 billion through grants, loans and credits for programs to fight HIV/AIDS.
Throughout the period from 1972 to 1989, the Bank did not conduct its own environmental assessments and did not require assessments for every project that was proposed. Assessments were required only for a varying, small percentage of projects, with the environmental staff, in the early 1970s, sending check-off forms to the borrowers and, in the latter part of the period, sending more detailed documentation and suggestions for analysis.
During this same period, the Bank’s failure to adequately consider social environmental factors was most evident in the 1976 Indonesian Transmigration program (Transmigration V). This project was funded after the establishment of the Bank’s OESA (environmental) office in 1971. According to the Bank critic Le Prestre, Transmigration V was the “largest resettlement program ever attempted… designed ultimately to transfer, over a period of twenty years, 65 million of the nation’s 165 million inhabitants from the overcrowded islands of Java, Bali, Madura, and Lombok…” (175). The objectives were: relief of the economic and social problems of the inner islands, reduction of unemployment on Java, relocation of manpower to the outer islands, the “strengthen[ing of] national unity through ethnic integration, and improve[ment of] the living standard of the poor” (ibid, 175).
Putting aside the possibly Machiavellian politics of such a project, it otherwise failed as the new settlements went out of control. Local populations fought with the migrators and the tropical forest was devastated (destroying the lives of indigenous peoples). Also, “[s]ome settlements were established in inhospitable sites, and failures were common;” these concerns were noted by the Bank's environmental unit whose recommendations (to Bank management) and analyses were ignored (Le Prestre, 176). Funding continued through 1987, despite the problems noted and despite the Bank’s published stipulations (1982) concerning the treatment of groups to be resettled.
More recent authors have pointed out that the World Bank learned from the mistakes of projects such as Transmigration V and greatly improved its social and environmental controls, especially during the 1990s. It has established a set of "Safeguard Policies" that set out wide ranging basic criteria that projects must meet to be acceptable. The policies are demanding, and as Mallaby (reference below) observes: "Because of the combined pressures from Northern NGOs and shareholders, the Bank's project managers labor under "safeguard" rules covering ten sensitive issues … no other development lender is hamstrung in this way" (page 389). The ten policies cover: Environmental Assessment, Natural Habitats, Forests, Pest Management, Cultural Property, Involuntary Resettlement, Indigenous Peoples, Safety of Dams, Disputed Areas, and International Waterways .
The Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) (formerly known as the Operations Evaluation Department (OED)) plays an important check and balance role in the World Bank. Similar in its role to the US Government's Government Accountability Office (GAO), it is an independent unit of the World Bank that reports evaluation findings directly
|
8,548 | 5 | 3 |
virtual in the superclass can be overridden properly by
subclasses. The keyword goes at the beginning of a method declaration as shown in the modifi ed
version of Super that follows:
virtual void someMethod();
The virtual keyword has a few subtleties and is often cited as a poorly designed part of the
language. A good rule of thumb is to just make all of your methods virtual. That way, you won’t
have to worry about whether or not overriding the method will work. The only drawback is a very
tiny performance hit. The subtleties of the virtual keyword are covered toward the end of this
chapter, and performance is discussed further in Chapter 24.
Even though it is unlikely that the Sub class will be extended, it is a good idea to make its methods
virtual as well, just in case.
class Sub : public Super
virtual void someOtherMethod();
|Even with the preceding measures and the best design principles, the C++ language is fundamentally|
unfriendly to the principle of abstraction. The syntax requires you to combine your public interfaces and private (or protected) data members and methods together in one class definition,
thereby exposing some of the internal implementation details of the class to its clients. The
downside of this is that if you have to add new non-public methods or data members to your class,
all the clients of the class have to be recompiled. This can become a burden in bigger projects.
The good news is that you can make your interfaces a lot cleaner and hide all implementation details,
resulting in stable interfaces. The bad news is that it takes a bit of hacking. The basic principle is to
define two classes for every class you want to write: the interface class and the implementation class.
The implementation class is identical to the class you would have written if you were not taking
this approach. The interface class presents public methods identical to those of the implementation
class, but it only has one data member: a pointer to an implementation class object. The interface
class method implementations simply call the equivalent methods on the implementation class object.
The result of this is that no matter how the implementation changes, it has no impact on the public
interface class. This reduces the need for recompilation. None of the clients that use the interface
class need to be recompiled if the implementation (and only the implementation) changes.
To use this approach with the Spreadsheet class, simply rename the old Spreadsheet class
to SpreadsheetImpl. Here is the new SpreadsheetImpl class (which is identical to the old
Spreadsheet class, but with a different name):<|endoftext|>An anecdote is a short story, narrative or parable often used in speeches, essays, toasts, books, articles and other written or spoken products. Anecdotes are often funny, inspiring, interesting, surprising, ironic, humorous and may teach a lesson, be biographical or cause reflection. Funny or interesting anecdotes can help make your speeches or writing better, especially when used in conclusions, introductions or to prove a point. We hope our anecdotes will help you in your speeches and writing.
This inspiring anecdote could be used to talk about patriotism, politics, Benjamin Franklin, independence, monarchy, 1776, the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, the United States of America, government, systems, the 13 colonies, Philadephia, freedom, liberty, sacrifice, the Army, fighting for what's right and more.
One afternoon, after leaving Philadelphia's Independence Hall, a young man approached Benjamin Franklin. In that broiling hot month, the statesmen of the young nation had been debating duriously over the establishment of the Constitution of the United States. The young man walked up to Franklin and asked, "Well Sir, what sort of government have you given us? A monarchy or a republic?" Franklin, who understood the importance of having popular support to keep a republic alive, responded, "A republic, if you can keep it."
More information: We hope this page was helpful and provided you with a funny, interesting or entertaining anecdote to use for speeches, roasts, essays, toasts or a writing project. Check out more anecdotes or our main page for more articles here Can U Write.<|endoftext|>《NEW GAME! 挑战舞台》中文版公布 全是萌妹子的游戏公司
作者 咎人之剣 编辑 咎人之剣 2017-07-17 12:31:09
教练，我也想去这样（没有男人）的游戏公司啊！
游戏公司GloriaWorks今日宣布，动画改编游戏《NEW GAME! 挑战舞台》将发售官方中文版，并公布了中文主题曲动画。本作已于2017年1月26日发售，对应PS4和PSV平台，中文版将于今年年内发售，并会附带有别于日版的丰富特典。
《NEW GAME!》是由日本漫画家得能正太郎创作的一部四格漫画作品，于2013年1月以短篇形式面世，描绘了在游戏公司工作的女孩子们的日常（话说这种只有女孩子的游戏公司，不存在的！）。动画版由动画工坊制作，第一季已于2016年7月播放，第二季为本月新番，喜欢萌要素及需要治愈的社畜朋友们可以去看看，本作的治愈力还是很高的。
《NEW GAME! 挑战舞台》由5pb.制作，已于2017年1月26日发售，中文化及代理发行由GloriaWorks及Erotes Studio共同进行。GloriaWorks是一家由华人在东京建立的游戏制作公司，主要进行国产文字ADV游戏的开发，该社第一款游戏《虹色旋律》已于2014年3月14日发售，目前正在进行新作《INORIA-祈之梦》的开发。
来源：官网<|endoftext|>WRITING SCIENTIFIC PAPERS IN ENGLISH SUCCESSFULLY: YOUR COMPLETE ROADMAP
ETHEL SCHUSTER EDITOR AND HAIM LEVKOWITZ EDITOR
Quantidade limitada no estoque. Envio imediato.
Número de páginas 192
Scientific writing is recognized as a key ingredient in science and technology because of the need to share ideas and findings. According to distinguished scientists 'writing paper may account for "half the importance" of scientific work. Indeed, successfully publishing papers is the primary indicator of a scientist's performance. Yet students rarely receive any training in scientific writing. Their only way to learn the main components of a paper and how papers are organized is by intuition, which is ineffective and inefficient, or by trial and error, which wastes a lot of their time and hurts their confidence. Consequently, scientists often write papers with poor grammar and structure lacking clear focus. Many such papers do not get published despite their valuable contributions. Having to communicate in English is necessary in today's world. English is the lingua franca of science, and of the speedy communications we depend on, namely the Internet, the World Wide Web, social media, crowdsourcing, and other information-sharing resources. The challenge to produce well-written papers is especially hard for non-native speakers of English, the majority of scientists around the world. Effective scientific writing requires both mastery of the English language and proficiency in the specific academic genre. Many years of teaching courses in scientific writing have taught us that the combination of the language barrier and the lack of knowledge of the academic writing style can have a detrimental effect on the quality of writing produced by nonnatives in English. In many cases, students are unable to identify their main difficulties and whether these are the result of the lack of English proficiency or their poor organization of ideas. Students seldom realize that it is harder to produce (i.e., write) in a foreign language than to consume (that is, read and understand). We have developed a strategy to tackle the problems faced by writers who are new to the scientific writing genre and style. This strategy can help both non-natives attempting to overcome the language barrier and native speakers of English. The strategy consists of using a variety of techniques and tools. Using this strategy will help students grasp the skills necessary for language-independent scientific writing. The strategy, its techniques, and its tools are at the heart of this book. We provide a complete roadmap for you, our reader, to learn the skills necessary to write well and successfully. This book is divided into two parts: the first part provides the theoretical foundations of scientific writing. The second part details the strategies, techniques, and tools that are at the heart of our approach. Chapter 1 lays out the characteristics of scientific writing and how it differs from other writing styles. Chapter 2 is devoted to the models that define scientific writing. You cannot write a good paper without reading good papers. In Chapter 3, we offer you an efficient and effective technique for reading many papers (and other publications). This should help you not only with your writing skills, but also with your general research tasks. Chapter 3 will also teach you how to read and annotate documents to build your own collection of well-written text samples. This collection is referred to as a corpus. Chapter 4 introduces the notion of corpus linguistics, which is a linguistics-based approach that uses text collections to help you determine the most appropriate language patterns for your own writing. Chapter 5 walks you through a set of computer-based tools that can guide you through the writing process and help you verify that your writing achieves your goals as best as possible. Finally, Chapter 6 teaches you how to systematically identify textual patterns that are prevalent in each section of a scientific paper. Learning to use these patterns well will aid you in writing papers using the language and style accepted by your research community.<|endoftext|>Karayiplerde bulunan bir ada ülkesi olan Küba, Yengeç Dönencesi'nin hemen başında ve Meksika Körfezi'nin girişinde yer alır. Küba'nın kuzeyinde Birleşik Devletler, batısında Meksika, Bahamalar, güneyinde Cayman Adaları ve Jamaika, güneydoğusunda ise Haiti ve Dominik Cumhuriyeti uzanır. En yakın komşusu olan Haiti'ye 77, Bahamalar'a 140, Jamaika'ya 146, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ne 180, Meksika'ya 210 ve Cayman Adaları'na 240 kilometre uzaklıktadır.
Gezimanya, Türkçe seyahat içeriği boşluğunu doldurmak amacıyla 2011 yılında kurulmuş bağımsız bir gezi platformudur.
Binlerce destinasyona ilişkin, gezi notları, bilgilendirici yazılar, diğer gezginlerin paylaşımları ile amacımız gezginlerin seyahat konusunda sağlıklı ve güvenilir bilgilere ulaşmalarını sağlamak.
Sorularınız ve görüşleriniz için firstname.lastname@example.org'a e-mail gönderebilirsiniz.<|endoftext|>跟着当代人们糊口的品质提高。所有人都重视起了摄生，但有的人是自觉摄生。同样也不晓得摄生到底会给本身带来什么益处。
咱们此刻的糊口程度越来越高。所以良多人近年来对摄生越来越关心。良多人都曾经起头进修摄生。摄生实在就是保养身体。以康健的饮食习惯和糊口体例。协助咱们把身体保养到最好的形态。摄生能够推进咱们的血液轮回。消弭委靡。
委靡又称疲惫，是客观上一种疲惫有力的不适感受。委靡不是特异症状，良多疾病都可惹起委靡，很少有患病后更觉满身是劲的环境，分歧疾病惹起分歧水平的委靡，有些疾病表示更较着，有时可作为就诊的首发症状。
症状起因：一、感染性疾病病毒、细菌、立克次体、螺旋体、真菌、支原体、原虫、蠕虫等惹起的多种传染性疾病，特别伴有发烧的传染性疾病，委靡愈加较着。二、养分代谢及内排泄疾病养分不良、脚气病、坏血病、糖尿病、低血糖反映、肥胖、肾小管性酸中毒、甲状腺性能亢进症、甲状腺功效减退症、尿崩症等。三、反常反映及结缔组织病血清病、药物热、SLE、风湿热、皮肌炎。多发性肌炎、硬皮病、结节性多动脉炎等。四、恶性肿瘤见于各体系的恶性肿瘤。五、其他各体系疾病消化、轮回、泌尿、造血、呼吸等体系疾病。<|endoftext|>同一事物超短的战略，安逸执意瞄准任务室。，清晨的行情，除非以第二位天买房被坚定地地封住，别的，它们大都会在高点行情。。
通常长幽灵线和长幽灵线代表必然的亩，已经假如你把长影线和长影林联合收割机起来，它构成了一种超短的期的购销方法。这种战略相当多的基本原理，那是召集的环境：
1、后方幽灵线，后头的幽灵线；
2、股价可能性升起或动摇。，但责任呈落下漂泊，复杂的断定，BOLL中轨不克不及明亮的落下；
3、两个踪迹授予结成的定居点都高于BOLL中期；
4、上下幽灵的实质使成比例不可上下幽灵和L，包括第一天和最后一天的实质使成比例分歧；
5、幽灵线的音长超越股价的3%，确保强烈；
6、踪迹日增强不必然要太大，耶斯特尔达前一天幽灵线的兼并，你不克不及忍耐延长的幽灵线。
这些是基本原理，后来地咱们添加两个乐句。：
双阴、双阳：手指上下幽灵线用两条负线或两个定位紧密的。阴阳都是顶点的花样，有大多数人双阳极，双阴为极寒，一阴一阳是精神健全的房地产。
明显束紧：每天的才能大概是前每一DAI的半场或不到半场。
在基本原理变得我然后，咱们可以受到好的方法。：
1、上光影划线为双眼。
2、下影日比上影日无明显束紧，再多些许更。；
3、未成熟元有十足的才能，日流量与峰值才能i意见相左大。
涌现前述的两种或两种再事件，它们都是可控告的的花样，鄙人每一DA完毕时紧握。
坏人组态：
1、上下幽灵是双幽灵，在这时涌现然后，通常不任务，因中奖率很低，倘若以下两个环境心不在焉涌现，但买进后次日向上力度时而也不可；
2、下影日比上影日明显束紧；
3、未成熟才能不可，阳光的量执意拥抱，30天内很超越峰值才能。
前述的环境，涌现1或2、3同时，它们都争论用双手触摸、举起或握住花样。
掌握前述的环境后，这种超短的线战略的成功率很高，以第二位天时而会增强。，自然，脉冲的强烈和上下的音长、量能整体的，假如咱们不克不及隐瞒增强和落下，找到每一卖点。
相当多的耽搁的容器，以第二位天买，中上半天不克不及拉红克洛辛，不要爱上和平，测定推销术，在接下来的几天里，机遇时而很渺茫，此刻，耽搁可以极小值。。自然，假如这三种不受欢迎的人花样都心不在焉发作，几天后可能性会增强。。
写创作二诗：
益生经营内容；
剑舞：阴阳南北舞。<|endoftext|>) تولید سبز[۱]
اصطلاح تولید سبز ابداع شد که منعکس کنندۀ الگوهای جدید تولید باشد که تکنیک ها و استراتژی های سبز مختلفی را به کار می گیرند تا مزیت اقتصادی بیشتری داشته باشند. این استراتژی ها شامل ایجاد محصولات یا سیستم هایی است که مواد و انرژی کمتری را مصرف می کنند، جایگزینی مواد اولیه ( به عنوان مثال: مواد غیر سمی به جای مواد سمی، مواد تجدیدپزیر به جای مواد تجدید ناپذیر)، کاهش ضایعات تولید و تبدیل آنان بار دیگر به مواد اولیه (بازیافت) (Deif, 2011).
از میان تمام الگو های تولید قبلی، این شیوۀ تولید یک تکنولوژی جدید است که مورد نیاز بازار می باشد. در واقع آگاهی هایی که در سطح وسیع جهانی نسبت به خطرات محیط زیستی به وجود آمده است، تولید جدیدی را ایجاد کرده است که در جایگاه های مختلف نیازهای گوناگونی برای مشتریان ایجاد کرده اند. به علاوه، تکامل یافتن تکنولوژی سبز و همراهی آن با طراحی محصولات دوستدار محیط زیست، به درک اهداف تولید سبز در زندگی واقعی کمک می کند. هر چند علاقه به تولید سبز در جوامع صنعتی در حال افزایش است، اما فشار ها از طرف دولت ها برای تبدیل شدن به تولید کنندگان سبز نیز در حال افزایش است. اتحادیۀ اروپا، آمریکای جنوبی، آمریکای شمالی، آسیا، تمامی کشور های جهان و حتی سازمان ملل در حال توسعه دادن برنامه های بیشتر، جریمه ها و تشویق های مالیاتی یا تعهداتی برای سبز تر شدن هستند. بنابراین زمانیکه جهانی فکر می کنیم، تکنیک های تولید سبز، بیشتر و بیشتر به جای یک گزینه، در حال تبدیل شدن به یک حکم و دستور هستند .
۲-۲-۲) برند سبز[۲]
از آخرین فلسفه هایی که در بازاریابی مورد توجه قرار گرفته و فیلیپ کاتلر، به عنوان پدر علم بازاریابی نوین به آن مفصلاً پرداخته، فلسفه بازاریابی اجتماعی است. بر اساس این فلسفه شرکت ها بایستی منافع مثلثی از ذی نفعان را تامین کنند. این مثلث عبارت است از مشتریان، خود شرکت و جامعه. در واقع این روزها شرکت هایی بسیار موفقند که، منافع اجتماعات انسانی و تمام ذی نفعان را نیز در نظر گیرند که بخشی از این منافع با توجه به پرداختن به مسائل محیط زیست حاصل می شود. برندهایی که ادعای محافظت از محیط زیست داشته و مشتری
|
8,548 | 6 | 0 |
感兴趣的信息和服务, 我们不会收集13岁以下儿童的个人信息.
登记查阅资料
有些网站要求您通过注册过程提供一些个人信息，以便利用某些网站功能和访问内容区域. 例如，注册表单可能要求您提供姓名、电话号码和电子邮件地址.
将来访问本网站的某些功能可能需要注册并披露一些个人信息, 其中可能包括完成电子商务交易的专门注册过程.
连结至其他网站
网站通常提供许多链接，这些链接可以直接访问其他有用或有趣的网站，这些网站对网站访问者具有潜在的价值. 通过链接包含其他网站并不意味着对其他网站上的材料或信息的任何认可. 我们鼓励用户在分享个人信息之前，仔细阅读每个链接网站的隐私政策.
本网站包括非附属外部网站的链接. 我们鼓励用户查看每个链接网站的隐私政策, 因为我们不能对其他网站的隐私做法负责.
当您离开我们的网站时，我们将尽一切努力通知您，您可能受到与我们为我们的网站制定的不同的隐私政策的约束.
通讯保安
我们认识到，许多人关注在互联网上传输的信息的隐私和保护问题. 您应该记住，未经授权的个人可能会拦截您在互联网上发送的任何电子邮件.
在某些情况下, 信息可以加密(加扰或编码)，如果在通信过程中被截获，就很难读取.
某些技术和实践允许网站在适当的时候为您的个人和健康相关信息提供更高级别的安全.
提高通讯及传送个人资料的安全水平, 我们有适当的安全措施，在我们的物理设施，以防止损失, 滥用或更改我们在本网站向您收集的信息.
我们隐私政策的变更
不时地, 我们可能会将客户信息用于新业务, 未在我们的隐私声明中披露的意外用途. 如果我们的信息实践在未来的某个时候发生变化, 如果您担心您的信息被如何使用，我们将在我们的网站上发布政策变更，以通知您这些变更，并为您提供选择退出这些新用途的能力, 你应该定期回来看看我们的网站.
使用条件
您对本网站的访问和使用受本隐私声明的约束, SENECA公司免责声明, SENECA公司隐私惯例通知, 和其他网站条件包括, 但不限于, 损害赔偿限制和所有适用法律, 包括我们所在州的法律.
网站联系方式
如果您对我们的隐私政策有疑问, 或者觉得本网站没有遵循其声明的信息政策, 请网赌正规平台网址.
800-369-5500
网赌正规平台网址
4140 E. 14号大街
得梅因，伊利诺伊州50313
修改日期:
本隐私声明最后一次修改是在2021年4月1日.<|endoftext|>Misyoner Terimi Hakkında Bilgiler
Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Terimi Olarak Misyoner:
Hıristiyanların kendi ülkeleri dışında, dinlerini yaymak için görevlendirdiği kimseler.
Tarih Terimi Olarak Misyoner:
Bir düşünceye, bir ülkeye kendini adayan kimse.
Benzer Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Terimleri:
Mezhepler: Hanefî, Sâfi'î, Mâlikî ve Hanbelî.
İdrak etmek: Akıl erdirmek, anlamak, kavramak.
Haşyet: Korku demektir.
Hamiyet: 1. Aile, namus, şeref, din, vatan gibi üstün değerlere yönelik saldırılar karşısında öfkelenme. 2. Utanç verici işleri yapmaktan kaçınma ve Allah’ı
Zikretmek: Adını söylemek, sözünü söylemek, anmak.
Arasat: Kuran’a, İslam inanışına göre bütün ölülerin, kıyamet günü Tanrı tarafından diriltilip bir araya toplanacakları yer.
İhtiyat Namazı: Günlük namazların rekâtlarında şüpheye düşüldüğü zaman şüpheyle ilgili hükümlere göre namaz tamamlandıktan sonra, şüpheye düşülen rekâtları telafi etm
Namahrem: Şer'î bakımdan mahrem olmayan; evlenmeleri şer'an mümkün olan; bir erkeğin veya kadının şer'an bakması yasak ve haram olan kimse.<|endoftext|>汉密尔顿获得2016年普利策奖
＆ldquo;在日内瓦自由港有很多艺术品，作为保险公司，我们必须确保我们不要只把自己暴露在一个地方。在那段视频中，她和那个男人 - 她的朋友和Strickly Viral的老板克里斯斯特里克兰 - 被她的父母要求在他们年轻时拍摄的照片中再现一个姿势。” ＆ldquo;话虽如此，我们在上个秋季初期开了一些节目，在最后一刻获得融资，并收回了他们的投资，“rdquo;她补充道，并引用了“所有儿子”的说法。
＆rdquo;强力球在42个州，华盛顿特区和美属维尔京群岛出售。
＆ldquo;如果你想要辛辣的食物，那就选择奶酪，蘑菇，辣椒和橄榄，“rdquo;听到服务员尼泊尔向客人提出建议。8月，该学院有五个校区的新不伦瑞克省政府表示，它已向一家医用大麻公司投资了400万加元（303万美元）。
除了极少数人之外都是未婚 - 这是印度迅速恶化的性别失衡的一个活生生的例子。
争取多样性和宽容。上诉法院称，Qualitex决定保留了捍卫单一颜色商标的可能性，理由是它在某些情况下与品牌有着独特的联系。 ＆ldquo;我们总是害怕食物可能会被毒害，因为英格兰想毒害希特勒，他从他的间谍那里知道这一点，所以他雇用年轻女孩品尝他的食物，“rdquo;她说。
＆ldquo;英寸一英寸的城市角落被擦干净和抛光，以恢复其昔日的辉煌，“rdquo;分析师Skender Minxhozi在阿尔巴尼亚日报Shqip上写道。
下午12:30 - 在Lake Street的Tasty Dog吃一顿外带午餐，在前往Wright's Unity Temple的途中在Scoville Park吃饭。 ＆ldquo;我是一名时装设计师，我没有放弃我的工作或任何事情，所以当然我尽量不浪费，而我不浪费的方式是尝试专注于质量而不是数量。
＆ldquo;我们正处于果岭上，接下来你知道那里有一个七铁，它突然冒出来让我头疼。 BISHOPS要承担责任＆ldquo;教会的事工中没有地方可以帮助那些犯下这些虐待行为的人，我承诺不会容忍任何个人，无论是否是牧师，对未成年人造成的伤害，＆rdquo;他说。
”自去年签约“美国偶像”（美国最受瞩目的电视节目）以来，洛佩兹一直被评为美容公司L＆rsquo; Oreal，金星剃须刀和Gi儿童产品的名人面孔。
在主展馆内，参展商主持成千上万的个人大量活动，在他们进行巡视时，一直关注着一大群评委。赞助人参观2013年6月19日田纳西州纳什维尔市中心的乡村音乐名人圆形大厅.REUTERS / Harrison lary乡村音乐名人堂和博物馆，今年几乎翻了一番，在入口大厅提供现场音乐，圆形大厅充满圆形大厅有着名表演的牌匾和纪念品和互动展示的地板。
被破坏的纸张用品会增加数千美元的损失。
在这项新研究中，台湾的研究人员分析了4,594例尿路癌患者的病史，并将这一发现与其他174,701例未患该病的人进行了比较。几年前没有人冲浪过，但现在我觉得中国人开始看到他们不必害怕大海，“rdquo;刘补充道。
(责任编辑：澳门娱乐城)
本文地址：http://www.capakaba.com/chongwu/wangxingren/201811/4761.html
上一篇：PerkinElmer为癌症患者推出新的肿瘤学检测服澳门娱乐城务 下一篇：没有了<|endoftext|>مواد لازم:
یک عدد موز
یک قاشق چایخوری روغن نارگیل
دو عدد بیسکوئیت خرد شده
یک چهارم پیمانه مارشمالو
طرز تهیه:
1. موز را به ۱۲ برش مساوی تقسیم کنید.
2. بیسکوئیت ها را درون یک کیسه پلاستیکی ریخته و خرد کنید.
5. روی آنها بیسکوئیت خرد شده ریخته و به مدت ۱۵ دقیقه در فریزر بگذارید تا شکلات ها سفت شوند.
6. در آخر، بین دو لایه موز شکلاتی یک لایه مارشملو گذاشته و سرو نمایید.<|endoftext|>Flatfoot is a condition that occurs when the arches on the foot are flattened, which allows the soles of the feet to touch the floor. Flatfoot is a common condition and it is usually painless.
Throughout childhood, most people begin to develop arches in their feet, however, some do not. Those who do not develop arches are left with flatfoot. The pain associated with flat feet is usually at its worse when engaging in activity. Another symptom that may occur with those who have this condition is swelling along the inside of the ankle.
It is also possible to have flexible flatfoot. Flexible flatfoot occurs when the arch is visible while sitting or standing on the tiptoes, but it disappears when standing. People who have flexible flatfoot are often children and most outgrow it without any problems.
There are some risk factors that may make you more likely to develop flatfoot. Those who have diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis have an increased risk of flatfoot development. Other factors include aging and obesity.
Diagnosis for flat feet is usually done by a series of tests by your podiatrist. Your podiatrist will typically try an x-ray, CT scan, ultrasound, or MRI on the feet. Treatment is usually not necessary for flat foot unless it causes pain. However, therapy is often used for those who experience pain in their flat feet. Some other suggested treatment options are arch supports, stretching exercises, and supportive shoes.
Flat feet occur when the arch of the foot is lower than normal or nonexistent. Because flat feet change how the feet and legs align, they can cause pain in the heel, arches of the feet, or the legs. One cause of flat feet occurs when the feet do not develop correctly during childhood. Most children develop a visible arch in their feet by around age 10, but in some cases, the arch never develops. While this occurs regularly and is not a big issue, flat feet can also develop with age. Risk factors for developing flat feet include injuries, arthritis, diabetes, or obesity. Signs of flat feet include shoes that don’t wear out evenly, pain in the feet and legs, or weakened feet. If you are suffering from the signs of flat feet, it is important to consult with a podiatrist to discuss proper treatment options. These may include orthotics, special stretches or a weight loss strategy.
What Are Flat Feet?
Flatfoot is a condition in which the arch of the foot is depressed and the sole of the foot is almost completely in contact with the ground. About 20-30% of the population generally has flat feet because their arches never formed during growth.
Conditions & Problems:
Having flat feet makes it difficult to run or walk because of the stress placed on the ankles.
Alignment – The general alignment of your legs can be disrupted, because the ankles move inward which can cause major discomfort.
Knees – If you have complications with your knees, flat feet can be a contributor to arthritis in that area.
If you are experiencing pain and stress on the foot you may weaken the posterior tibial tendon, which runs around the inside of the ankle.
If you have any questions please feel free to contact our office located in Havre de Grace, MD. We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.Read more about Flat Feet
The Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in the human body. Its purpose is to connect the lower leg muscles and calf to the heel of the foot. This tendon is responsible for facilitating all types of movement, like walking and running. This tendon provides an enormous amount of mobility for the body. Any injuries inflicted to this tissue should be immediately brought up with a physician to prevent further damage.
The most common injuries that can trouble the Achilles tendon are tendon ruptures and Achilles tendinitis. Achilles tendinitis is the milder of the two injuries. It can be recognized by the following symptoms: inflammation, dull to severe pain, an increased flow of blood to the tendon, thickening of the tendon, and slower movement time. Tendinitis can be treated via several methods and is often diagnosed by an MRI.
An Achilles tendon rupture is trickier to heal, and is by far the most painful injury. It is caused by the tendon ripping or completely snapping. The results are immediate and absolutely devastating, and will render the patient immobile. If a rupture or tear occurs, operative and non-operative methods are available. Once the treatment begins, depending on the severity of the injury, recovery time for these types of issues can take up to a year.
Simple preventative measures can be taken as a means to avoid both injuries. Prior to any movement, taking a few minutes to stretch out the tendon is a great way to stimulate the tissue. Calf raises, squats, leg curls, leg extensions, leg raises, lunges, and leg presses are all suggested ways to help strengthen the lower legs and promote Achilles tendon health.
Many problems arise among athletes and people who overexert themselves while exercising. Problems can also happen among those who do not properly warm up before beginning an activity. Proper, comfortable shoes that fit correctly can also decrease tendon injuries. Some professionals also suggest that when exercising, you should make sure that the floor you are on is cushioned or has a mat. This will relieve pressure on the heels. A healthy diet will also increase tendon health.
It is very important to seek out a podiatrist if you believe you have an injury in the Achilles region. Further damage could result in severe complications that would make being mobile difficult, if not impossible.
If you play a sport or follow sports news, then you have likely heard of Achilles tendon injuries. Achilles tendonitis is extremely common among athletes, although anyone can incur an Achilles tendon injury. This type of injury stems from overuse. When the calf muscles that connect the heel bone to the Achilles tendon are overloaded, the tendon can become swollen, painful, and tender to the touch. The most common symptom is pain at the back of the calf. Treatment involves at-home care, such as rest and taking anti-inflammatory drugs, under the supervision of your doctor. If you have an Achilles tendon injury, it is suggested that you consult with a podiatrist as soon as possible.
Achilles tendon injuries need immediate attention to avoid future complications. If you have any concerns, contact Dr. Richard Silverstein of Union Foot Care. Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.
What Is the Achilles Tendon?
The Achilles tendon is a tendon that connects the lower leg muscles and calf to the heel of the foot. It is the strongest tendon in the human body and is essential for making movement possible. Because this tendon is such an integral part of the body, any injuries to it can create immense difficulties and should immediately be presented to a doctor.
What Are the Symptoms of an Achilles Tendon Injury?
There are various types of injuries that can affect the Achilles tendon. The two most common injuries are Achilles tendinitis and ruptures of the tendon.
Achilles Tendinitis Symptoms
Treatment and Prevention
Achilles tendon injuries are diagnosed by a thorough physical evaluation, which can include an MRI. Treatment involves rest, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery. However, various preventative measures can be taken to avoid these injuries, such as:
If you have any questions please feel free to contact our office located in Havre de Grace, MD. We offer the newest diagnostic tools and technology to treat your foot and ankle needs.Read more about What are Achilles Tendon Injuries
Athlete’s foot is a type of fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet. It is caused when the tinea fungus grows on the foot. It is possible to catch the fungus through direct contact with someone who has it or by touching a surface that is contaminated with it. This type of fungus thrives in warm, moist environments such as showers, locker room floors, and swimming pools. Your risk of getting it may also increase by wearing tight-fitting, closed-toe shoes, or by having sweaty feet.
Symptoms of athlete’s foot include itching, stinging or burning sensations between the toes. You may also experience toenails that are discolored, thick, crumbly, or toenails that pull away from the nail bed.
Your podiatrist may diagnose athlete’s foot by detecting these symptoms or by doing a skin test to see if there is a fungal infection present. The most common exam used to detect Athlete’s foot is a skin lesion potassium hydroxide exam. To use this method, your doctor will scrape off a small area of the infected skin and place it into potassium hydroxide. The potassium hydroxide will destroy the normal cells and leave the fungal cells untouched so that they are visible under a microscope.
There are a variety of treatment options for athlete’s foot. Some medications are miconazole (Desenex), terbinafine (Lamisil AT), clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF), butenafine (Lotrimin Ultra), and tolnaftate (Tinactin). While these options may be able to treat your fungus, it is best that you consult with a podiatrist in order to see which treatment option may work best for you.
In some cases, Athlete’s foot may lead to complications. A severe complication would be a secondary bacterial infection which may cause your foot to become swollen, painful, and hot.
There are ways that you can prevent athlete’s foot. Washing your feet with soap and water each day and drying them thoroughly is an effective way to prevent infections. You also shouldn’t share socks, shoes, or towels with other people. It is crucial that you wear shower sandals in public showers, around swimming pools, and in other public places. Additionally, you should make sure you wear shoes that can breathe and change your socks when your feet become sweaty. If you suspect that you have Athlete’s foot, you should seek help from a podiatrist as soon as possible.
Athlete’s
|
8,548 | 6 | 1 |
inopathy. As such, local treatment strategies should be tailored to the specific pathology. Laser photocoagulation has been known as standard treatment in ischaemic retinal disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and ischaemic retinal vascular occlusion. Panretinal photocoagulation showed promising efficacy in regression of neovascularisation before the antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) era.54 However, the administration of immunosuppressants and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) was insufficient to prevent the neovascularisation process in many case reports.54 ,86 ,87
VEGF plays a vital role in inflammatory processes and in the pathogenesis of uveitic complications such as cystoid macular oedema, choroidal neovascularisation and retinal neovascularisation (RNV).88 The VEGF serum concentration in patients with SLE was significantly higher than healthy controls and may be a useful marker of disease activity and internal organ involvement in patients with SLE.89 ,90 Recently, anti-VEGF has been reported as a powerful tool for vaso-occlusion and vasculitis in patients with lupus. It showed efficacy in regressing RNV even after employment of immunosuppressive treatment and PRP.86 ,87 While VEGF inhibition seems reasonable to treat RNV, the role of anti-VEGF therapy to treat inflammation is less clear and needs to be investigated.88 Repeat anti-VEGF injections in vaso-occlusion with macular ischaemia should be performed only if monitoring FFA can be done to prevent worsening of macular ischaemia. Finally, vitrectomy can also be helpful in complicated neovascularisation, vitreous haemorrhage and traction retinal detachment.54 ,86
The future of SLE consists of newly emerging agents that specifically target mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SLE and biomarkers allow physicians to adopt theranostics, a patient-tailored approach. Hopefully in the future systemic glucocorticoids will be used less and gradually replaced by early commencement of other immunosuppressive or biological therapies. Among a myriad of emerging biological agents, the ones with positive outcomes in literature are belimumab, rituximab, epratuzumab and sifalimumab. In spite of failure of a major trial, rituximab has been considered for patients with active lupus nephritis refractory to conventional therapies by the ACR and the European League Against Rheumatism.80 Early treatment with rituximab showed promising efficacy and safety in newly diagnosed SLE.91 The success of belimumab encourages other studies of molecules that block B-cell-activating factors. Both belimumab and rituximab have also provided support in the maintenance phase of lupus nephritis.92 ,93 Better insight in the mechanisms and accountable biomarkers of inflammation will bring about more acceptable diagnostic criteria and successful treatment strategies. Treatment of ocular disease in SLE is based on systemic therapy. As such, local ocular therapy in lupus is not widely investigated. While PRP still serves as an effective treatment for neovascularisation sequel, anti-VEGF therapy has showed additional benefit in refractory cases.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.<|endoftext|>General Motors: Canada e Stati Uniti riducono la quota delle azioni
Passo in avanti della General Motors per liberarsi del soprannome di 'Government Motors', che si è guadagnata con il salvataggio del 2009.
Il Canada ha infatti venduto 30 milioni di azioni di GM a Bank of America Merrill Lynch, riducendo così la propria quota della casa automobilistica all'8%.
Il Tesoro americano ha invece comunicato, in un rapporto al Congresso, di aver realizzato 811 milioni di dollari dalla vendita di azioni GM in agosto, probabilmente circa 25 milioni, vendute le quali il Tesoro resta con una quota del 13,4%.<|endoftext|>Finlandiya'daki araştırmacılar, 11 yıllık bir süre boyunca 1000'den fazla genç yetişkinde şefkat ve uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi inceledi.
Katılımcılara çalışma döneminin başında ve sonunda şefkat değerlendirmeleri yapıldı. Rahatsızlıkları kontrol etmek ve uyku kalitelerini incelemek için uyku düzenleri üç kez değerlendirildi.
Ekip, yüksek şefkate sahip olmanın daha kaliteli uykuya yol açtığını ve uykusuzluk gibi rahatsızlıkların daha az yaşanmasını sağladığını buldu.
Şefkatli insanlar, rahatsız etmemek veya kazara kaba bir şey söylememek konusunda endişelendikleri için geç saatlere kadar uyanık kalmaya ve uykularını kaybetmeye eğilimli olsalar da, bulgular temiz bir vicdana sahip olanların daha iyi uyuyabileceğini gösteriyor.
37 YILLIK BİR ARAŞTIRMADAN YOLA ÇIKILDI
Araştırmacılar, 1980'de başlayan 37 yıllık bir Finlandiya araştırması olan Genç Finliler Araştırması'ndan elde edilen verileri kullandı. Bu araştırma, 1962 ile 1977 arasında doğmuş, yaşları 3 ile 18 arasında değişen 3.596 Finli ile başladı.
Yeni çalışma için ekip, 2001 ve 2012 yıllarında şefkat değerlendirmesi yapılan ve 2001, 2007 ve 2012 yıllarında uyku düzenleri değerlendirilen katılımcılara odaklandı.
1.056 katılımcı, psikiyatrist ve genetikçi C. Robert Cloninger tarafından geliştirilen ve kişilik tipini belirlemek için alışkanlıklara ve mizaca bakan bir anket olan Mizaç ve Karakter Envanteri'ni kullandı.
Ayrıca uyku sorunlarının ciddiyetini değerlendiren Jenkins Uyku Ölçeği ve Maastricht Yaşamsal Tükenme Anketi ile de değerlendirildiler.
Ekip, şefkat düzeyi daha yüksek olan katılımcıların uyku kalitesinin daha iyi olduğunu ve daha az rahatsızlığa sahip olduğunu buldu. Ancak uyku süresi ile herhangi bir ilişki bulunamadı.
Çalışmanın yazarları, "Nispeten geniş bir popülasyona dayalı örneklem kullanarak, yüksek şefkatin, uyku eksikliği ve uyku zorluğunu azaltıp daha iyi uyku ile kesitsel olarak ilişkili olduğunu bulduk" diye yazdı.<|endoftext|>Sleeping sickness creates a metabolic 'fingerprint' in the blood and urine, which could enable a new test to be developed to diagnose the disease, according to new research published today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Sleeping sickness, or human African trypanosomiasis, is usually fatal if it is not diagnosed and treated in time. The disease is newly detected in around 30,000 people in sub-Saharan Africa every year. Researchers estimate that the real number of cases is likely to be around ten times this number, as so few patients are accurately diagnosed.
Sleeping sickness is typically passed on through a bite from an infected tsetse fly, which transmits a subspecies of a parasite known as Trypanosoma brucei into the bloodstream.
The new study shows that, in a mouse model, infection with the parasite creates distinct metabolic 'fingerprints' in the blood and urine and that these fingerprints are different at different stages of the disease. This fingerprint was visible in the blood as early as one day after infection.
The researchers, from Imperial College London and institutions in Switzerland and the USA, hope that their findings could ultimately enable a fast and accurate test to be developed so that people can be tested and treated more quickly, improving their chances of survival.
Sleeping sickness is currently difficult to diagnose because its symptoms, which in its first stage include headache, weakness, and joint pain, are shared by many other conditions. The disease is found in over 20 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and doctors there rarely have the resources to carry out the necessary diagnostic tests or to treat infected cases.
Doctors have to use both a blood test and a lymphatic fluid test, using a needle inserted into the lymph node, in order to confirm a positive diagnosis. They then use a painful and invasive lumbar puncture to work out which stage the disease has reached, in order to select the best drug for treatment.
It is important to catch the disease as early as possible in order to give the patient a chance of recovering. In the second stage of the disease, when the parasite progresses into the patient's brain, doctors have to use a different, less effective set of drugs. One of these drugs, melarsoprol, can cause devastating side-effects, such as a brain disease, or encephalopathy, which causes fatality in 50 percent of cases.
Professor Elaine Holmes, corresponding author of the research from the Department of Biomolecular Medicine at Imperial College, said: "Sleeping sickness is a shattering disease and it is often not spotted until it is too late. Its initial symptoms can be quite mild and non-specific and doctors in sub-Saharan Africa don't usually have the time or money to carry out the tests to check if someone has it. This means a lot of people are dying and if there was a simpler way of testing people, doctors might be able to save many of them.
"Our research is at a very early stage, but our results suggest that scientists could in the future create a better way to test for sleeping sickness. So far we have only looked at a mouse model, and we have not yet investigated what happens when there are multiple parasites in the body, but these are promising findings," she added.
For the new study, the researchers used NMR spectroscopy to analyse the metabolic profiles of twelve mice infected with the parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei, using blood and urine samples. They carried out their analyses two days before infection and at a series of points over a 33-day period after infection. Twelve uninfected mice acted as controls.
Trypanosoma brucei brucei cannot infect humans with sleeping sickness but it is very closely related to the parasites Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, which do.
The next step for this research is to determine whether the findings in mouse models can be replicated in humans. The researchers also want to explore whether other parasitic infections create their own metabolic fingerprints, and how such fingerprints can be distinguished from one another where a person has multiple parasitic infections.
The researchers are also keen to investigate whether the parasite that causes sleeping sickness has become more virulent. In the current study, a separate group of mouse models was used to ascertain how quickly the disease progressed. This revealed that the parasite crossed into the brain much sooner than had been shown previously. Earlier studies had shown that the parasite was established in the brains of mouse and rat models 21 and 13 days after infection, respectively. The new study showed that the parasite crossed into the brain within seven days of infection.
Source: Imperial College London
Explore further: Evolutionary war between microorganisms affecting human health, biologist says<|endoftext|>November 20, 2019 4:00 pm - November 20, 2019 6:00 pm
Global | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Belfast | Linen Hall Library
We are surrounded by languages and dialects every day of our lives and are aware from a very young age of how they can be used to signal who we are and inform how we perceive others to be. Linguistic choices might symbolise a difference in class, ethnicity, gender or religious persuasion. Research has traditionally focused on deepening our understanding of the history and contemporary diversity of the local languages and dialects spoken in Northern Ireland (NI). It reflects aspects of the social conflict endured by the NI population for much of the twentieth century and has informed debates surrounding language policies tied to the linguistic heritages of local communities (respectively, Irish Gaelic and Ulster Scots). The recent Peace Process has, on the one hand, ensured greater international protection for these, and, on the other, has made NI more attractive to economic migrants. This has resulted in unprecedented inward migration (particularly from the new EU countries and asylum seekers) so that ethnic minorities in the region (and the languages they speak) have become increasingly audible and visible. This Civic Conversation explores the socio-cultural and linguistic impact on language policies and practices in NI of global events generated by changes to EU policies, Brexit and the refugee crisis. It will celebrate 2019 as the year of Indigenous Languages and be chaired by Prof. Karen Corrigan, Newcastle University. Invited speakers will be experts in the fields of indigenous and community languages as well as practitioners who work with ethnolinguistic minorities in Northern Ireland and further afield.<|endoftext|>ARTstor is collaborating with The National Gallery, London to share images of every painting in the museum’s permanent collection in the Digital Library.
The National Gallery houses one of the greatest collections of Western European painting in the world. Composed of more than 2,300 works dating from the 13th century to the early 20th centuries, the collection encompasses most major developments in Western painting. Highlights include Cézanne’s Bathers (Les Grandes Baigneuses), Piero della Francesca’s The Baptism of Christ, Rembrandt’s Self Portrait at the Age of 34, Holbein’s The Ambassadors, Uccello’s The Battle of San Romano, Van Gogh’s Sunflowers, Titian’s Bacchus and Ariadne, van Eyck’s The Arnolfini Portrait, and Velázquez’s Rokeby Venus.
Founded in 1824, The National Gallery, London is the fourth most visited art museum in the world and is open to the public 361 days a year, free of charge.
For more detailed information about this collection, visit The National Gallery, London page.
- The Courtauld Institute of Art: The Courtauld Gallery
- The Art Institute of Chicago; Barnes Foundation
- The Museum of Modern Art: Painting and Sculpture
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art); The Phillips Collection
- Art, Archaeology, and Architecture (Erich Lessing Culture and Fine Arts Archives)
- Italian and other European Art (Scala Archives)<|endoftext|>June 18, 1951
To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws.
To place reasonable restriction on freedom of speech.
A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9 introduced to protect laws that are contrary to the Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights.
These laws encroach upon property rights, freedom of speech and equality before law
May 1, 1953
A technical amendment to fix the size of each parliamentary constituency between 650,000 and 850,000 voters.
February 22, 1955
Limits maximum no of seats in lok Sabha up to 500
States to be divided into constituencies such that one member of a constituency represents between 500000 and 750000 people
April 27, 1955
Restrictions on property rights and inclusion of related bills in Schedule 9 of the constitution
December 24, 1955
Provides for a consultation mechanism with concerned states in matters relating to the amendments to the territorial matters and in the re-naming of the state
September 11, 1956
Amended the Union and State Lists with respect to raising of taxes
November 1, 1956
Reorganization of states on linguistic lines
Abolition of Class A, B, C, D states
Introduction of Union Territories
January 5, 1960
Clarify state's power of compulsory acquisition and requisitioning of private property
Include Zamindari abolition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution
December 28, 1960
Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by demarcation of border villages, etc.
August 11, 1961
Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory after acquisition from Portugal
December 19, 1961
Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of members... [continues]
Cite This Essay
(2013, 02). All Amendments in the Constitution of India. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 02, 2013, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/All-Amendments-In-The-Constitution-Of-1407532.html
"All Amendments in the Constitution of India" StudyMode.com. 02 2013. 2013. 02 2013 <http://www.studymode.com/essays/All-Amendments-In-The-Constitution-Of-1407532.html>.
- MLA 7
"All Amendments in the Constitution of India." StudyMode.com. StudyMode.com, 02 2013. Web. 02 2013. <http://www.studymode.com/essays/All-Amendments-In-The-Constitution-Of-1407532.html>.
"All Amendments in the Constitution of India." StudyMode.com. 02, 2013. Accessed 02, 2013. http://www.studymode.com/essays/All-Amendments-In-The-Constitution-Of-1407532.html.<|endoftext|>Afrika kökenli siyahi model Lolita Makuey, okyanus mavisi gözleri, mükemmel elmacık kemikleri, dolgun dudakları ve pürüzsüz cildiyle Barbie'yi anımsatıyor. Moda ve güzelliğin bir takım kuralları olduğunu mu düşünüyorsunuz? Eğer öyle ise yanılıyorsunuz. Kimi zaman kötü örnek teşkil edecek birileri çıkabilir ama gençlerin daha geniş bir rol modeline sahip olduklarını kanıtlar nitelikte birileri de var. İşte o örneklerden biri. Karşınızda siyahi model Lolita Makuey.
Bir önceki yazımız olan ABD'li sanatçı Della Miles Türk otomobiline talip oldu başlıklı makalemizi de okumanızı öneririz.<|endoftext|>【2021年1月】《人员素质测评理论与方法》综合模拟题及答案七
1、____A__ 被认为是现代人员素质测评的一种新方法，起源于德国心理学家1929年建立的一套用于挑选军官的非常先进的多项评价程序。
A. 评价中心 B. 素质评价
C. 测评中心 D. 效应评价
2、评价中心技术的特点不包括 C 。
A. 行为性 B. 整体互动性
C. 完善性 D. 情景模拟性
3、在测评时，把被试假定为接替某管理人员的工作，在其办公桌上堆积一大堆亟待处理的文件，要求其在规定时间内处理完成，这种测试形式是 D 。
A. 无领导小组讨论 B. 管理游戏
C. 角色扮演 D. 公文处理
4、下列表述中， B 不属于评价中心技术在情景设计时应该注意的问题。
A. 主题突出 B. 完整性
C. 逼真性 D. 相似性
5、在测试中，小组成员各被分配一定的任务，并且相互间必须
|
8,548 | 6 | 2 |
var?
Basit cevap, Dünya'nın yalnızca bir ay , biz buna ay diyoruz. Gece gökyüzündeki en büyük ve en parlak nesne ve uzay araştırma çabalarımızda insanların Dünya dışında ziyaret ettiği tek güneş sistemi gövdesidir.
Popüler Sorular
- Glee Noel bölümü gerçekten yayınlanmadı mı?
- Alioth bir loki mi?
- Kamburların adı nedir?
- İptal edilen suç yok mu?
- Diyalog eğlenceli blaster nedir?
- İzlanda Danimarka'ya mı ait?
- Philips tabutunun arkasından kim yürüdü?
- 2020'de dünyada ne kadar vahşi doğa kaldı?
- Bir kas yağdan daha ağır mı?
- Hangi ifade on dördüncü değişikliği en iyi şekilde tanımlar?
- youtube tv'de komedi merkezi var mı?
- Tamamlayıcı baz eşleşmesi nerede gerçekleşir?
- Stratolaunch'ın 2 kokpiti var mı?
- Bir komite bir faturayı ne zaman açar?
- Stand up toplantısı nedir?
- Yetenekle devam etmek için para ödemek zorunda mısın?
- Kapana kısılmış ruhların büyülü mücevherlerini nerede bulabilirim?
- Beckett hangi bölümde vuruluyor?
- Mumbai'de yeniden geliştirme için fsi nasıl hesaplanır?
- Savitar hangi barry?
En Iyi Cevaplar
- Derecelendirilmemiş bekleme listesi nasıl çalışır?
- Neden kısa kesilen bir ünlüyüm?
- Müdahale üzerine tedaviyi reddeden var mı?
- eer hvac formülü?
- Plaka etiketi ontario ne zaman yenilenmeli?
- Yunanistan neden Avrupa medeniyetinin beşiği olarak adlandırılıyor?
- Heather Sutherland kimdir?
- brandel chamblee kaç yaşında.
- Karolyi çiftliği hala var mı?
- Etkili göğüs kompresyonları için mi?
- Karbon tetraklorürün formülü nerede?
- Kotanjant zıt üzerinde bitişik mi?
- gilford plajında yüzebilir misin?
- Lineer kontaklar nedir?
- Snuggles iyi bir kedi ismi mi?
- Hangi spartalı kral suçlanacak?
- Boşlukları on dördüncü yüzyıl vakanüvisi mi doldurmuştu?
- İmmünhistokimya nasıl yapılır?
- eureka ca güvenli mi?
- İnekler yonca yemekten hastalanabilir mi?<|endoftext|>به گزارش نیوزتل، دبیر ستاد فناوری های مواد و ساخت پیشرفته معاونت علمی ریاست جمهوری اظهار داشت: در حوزه معدن، برنامه محوری ما تولید ۲۰ ماده اولیه دارویی معدنی است و در این حوزه مقرر شده فراخوان هایی داده شود.
به گزارش نیوزتل به نقل از مهر، صادق صادق زاده در نشست خبری که امروز در محل معاونت علمی ریاست جمهوری برگزار شد، ضمن اشاره به این که ستاد فناوری های مواد و ساخت پیشرفته ۴ حیطه عملیاتی در حوزه های مواد معدنی، مواد پتروشیمی، مواد نوظهور و ساخت پیشرفته دارد، اظهار نمود: ساخت پیشرفته در ارتباط با روش های ساختنی است که به طور عمده در آن از فراوری های مواد استفاده می شود.
سند توسعه فناوری های مواد و ساخت پیشرفته درحال نهایی شدن است
دبیر ستاد فناوری های مواد و ساخت پیشرفته معاونت علمی ریاست جمهوری ضمن اشاره به این که سند توسعه فناوری های مواد و ساخت پیشرفته از سال ها قبل مطرح بود اما به علل مختلف به سر انجام نرسید، اظهار نمود: در ۵-۶ ماه اخیر با تمرکز بر روی این سند، هم اکنون به نقطه نهایی سند نزدیک شده ایم و فکر می کنم تا ۲ ماه آینده در شورایعالی انقلاب فرهنگی به تصویب برسد. این سند مسیر توسعه فناوری در این عرصه را مشخص خواهد نمود که ۲ محور دارد؛ محور نخست کاهش خام فروشی و محور دوم افزایش یا ارتقا کیفیت زندگی مردم.
صادق زاده به ذکر آماری در رابطه با خام فروشی ایران که پیش از این توسط مرکز پژوهش های مجلس اعلام شده بود، اشاره نمود و اظهار داشت: در سال ۱۴۰۱، ۱۲۲ میلیون تن کالا یا مواد خام به ارزش ۵۳ میلیارد دلار صادر کرده ایم و ۳۷ میلیون تن کالا به ارزش ۶۰ میلیارد دلار وارد کرده ایم. این آمار نشان داده است کشورهایی که مواد خام را از ایران دریافت کرده اند، پس از فرآوری ۳۰ درصد آنرا از آن کشورها وارد می نماییم. عمده موضوعی که سبب می شود این حجم مواد خام را صادر نماییم اما به مقدار کمتری کالا وارد نماییم، اینست که فناوری تبدیل این مواد را در کشور نداریم.
توسعه ساخت ۲۰ ماده اولیه دارویی معدنی در کشور
وی از دو پروژه این ستاد در حوزه توسعه مواد اولیه دارویی معدنی و همینطور توسعه باتری های لیتیومی اطلاع داد و اظهار داشت: در حوزه معدن، برنامه محوری ما هدفگذاری برای توسعه ۲۰ ماده اولیه دارویی معدنی است و در این حوزه مقرر شده فراخوان هایی داده شود و ما بهترین ها را انتخاب خواهیم کرد تا در نهایت بتوانیم طی یکی دو سال آینده در حوزه مواد اولیه دارویی معدنی گامهای مؤثری برداریم.
به دنبال تولید باتری های لیتیومی در مقیاس صنعتی هستیم
صادق زاده اضافه کرد: در پروژه دوم به دنبال تولید باتری های لیتیومی در مقیاس صنعتی هستیم که هم اکنون استقرار تجهیزات آن بوسیله ی یک مجموعه دولتی در حال انجام می باشد و امیدواریم تا یکی دو سال آینده این هدفگذاری محقق شود.
دبیر ستاد فناوری های مواد و ساخت پیشرفته معاونت علمی ریاست جمهوری بیان نمود: در کشور ادعا می شود که ۹۰ درصد از داروهای مصرفی در داخل تولید می شود که البته بخش عمده ای از مواد اولیه آنها وارداتی است که در صورت بیشتر شدن فشارهای تحریم ها، قیمت این اقلام در کشور افزایش خواهد یافت.
وی با بیان این که بر مبنای آمارها حجم ارزبری مواد اولیه دارویی ۲۰۰ میلیون دلار است، خاطرنشان کرد: مواد اولیه دارویی بر سه دسته مواد اولیه معدنی، پتروشیمی و آلی تقسیم می شود، اظهار داشت: برپایه پروژه ستاد ما مقرر است بر توسعه مواد اولیه دارویی معدنی تمرکز داشته باشیم چون که فرآیند رسیدن به این نوع ماده راحتتر است.
همکاری با دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای جهت تربیت تکنسین ها و صنعتگران ماهر بومی
دبیر ستاد توسعه فناوری های مواد و ساخت پیشرفته معاونت علمی ریاست جمهوری ضمن اشاره به انعقاد تفاهمنامه ای با دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای در حوزه تربیت تکنسین های ماهر اظهار داشت: برپایه این طرح که مقرر است، طی هفته آینده رونمایی شود، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای صنعتگران ماهر را به صورت بومی برای رشته های خاص تربیت می کند؛ هم اکنون ما چالش هایی در حوزه مواد در شهرستان های مختلف کشور داریم و این مشکل در تهران کمتر است.
وی با بیان این مطلب که این دانشگاه دارای ۱۸۰ شعبه در کشور است و می تواند بازوی قوی ما برای تربیت صنعتگران ماهر بومی برای هر منطقه باشد، تصریح کرد: در این طرح ما از فارغ التحصیلان آن برای توسعه کسب و کارها در هر منطقه حمایت می نماییم و از این طریق مسائل هر منطقه در حوزه مواد و ساخت پیشرفته رفع خواهد شد.
«مرکز ملی ساخت افزایشی» در کشور راه اندازی می شود
صادق زاده از طریق اندازی «مرکز ملی ساخت افزایشی» اطلاع داد و اظهار داشت: می خواهیم با راه اندازی این مرکز مقدمات استفاده از این تکنولوژی ها و حوزه کاربرد ساخت پیشرفته را ترویج نماییم و در همین زمینه با چند مجموعه بزرگ صنعتی درحال مذاکره هستیم. ساخت افزایشی بعنوان پرینت سه بعدی شناخته می شود که یک رویکرد دگرگون کننده برای تولید قطعات صنعتی و معمولی است که امکان ایجاد قطعات و سیستم های سبک تر و مستحکم تر را فراهم می آورد.
وی اظهار داشت: ساخت افزایشی مواد را برای ایجاد یک قطعه، به مرور بر روی یکدیگر اضافه می کند و شکل می دهد. هم اکنون پرینترهای ۶ بعدی در دنیا مطرح شده و این حوزه در صنایع کاربردهای زیادی دارد و ما از الان باید به فکر توسعه این فناوری در کشور باشیم. دبیر ستاد توسعه فناوری های مواد و ساخت پیشرفته معاونت علمی ریاست جمهوری در ادامه با اشاره به اینکه از ۹ هزار شرکت دانش بنیان بیشتر از ۴ هزار شرکت دانش بنیان به حوزه مواد ارتباط پیدا می کند، اظهار داشت: طی فراخوان های دو ماه اخیر ۵۰ طرح به دست ما رسیده که ارزشی بالغ بر سه هزار میلیاردریال دارد؛ همینطور طرح های واصله تبصره ۱۸ بالغ بر ۶۰ طرح به ارزش حدود ۱۰ هزار میلیاردریال بوده که برای این طرح ها دو هزار میلیاردریال تایید شده است. اجرای پروژه ردیابی ژنوم مواد با هوش مصنوعی صادق زاده اظهار داشت: در ستاد دو کارویژه داریم که یکی از آنها ژنوم مواد است که درحال ردیابی آن با هوش مصنوعی هستیم. دو میلیون ماده جدید در این حوزه وجود دارد که هنوز بشر به آن دست نیافته است؛ از آنجاییکه میتوان مواد را با ژنوم های مواد مختلف در نظر بگیریم یافتن آن اهمیت دارد. با عنایت به اهمیت موضوع، فراخوان هایی انتشار یافته و امید آن می رود که تا یک سال آینده به نتیجه برسد. وی به بخش حمایتی ستاد از طرح های تکاملی اشاره نمود و اظهار داشت: یکی از طرح ها، المپیک مواد است که امیدواریم تا اوایل سال جدید بازیگران گوناگونی در این المپیک داشته باشیم. مقرر است مسابقه ای هر دو سال یکبار به واسطه این طرح برگزار گردد.
منبع: نیوزتل<|endoftext|>Last year’s World Mental Health Day event in the European Parliament “Mental health and young people in the digital age: addressing risks, seizing opportunities”, was a welcome occasion to discuss the growing impact of digitalization on mental health. Mental health issues are consistently neglected when considering public health concerns, even though approximately 27% of the adult population in the European region experienced at least one episode of mental illness in the past year’.
Mental health conditions are often complex and highly personal, making it a challenge to create an e-mental health sector. E-therapies have been designed to help patients with mental health conditions, in particular, for those struggling with depression, anxiety, eating disorders and substance abuse. However, these therapies need to respect the same rules and standards which are applied to treatments provided face-to-face, and at the moment, there is no clear agreement on how they should be regulated, although the 2015 Joint Action on Mental Health and Well-being called for the establishment of a quality seal for e-therapies and for guidance that can be used across the EU.
There is an impressive diversity of so-called ‘health and wellness’ apps. Depending on the purpose they are designed to serve, we find applications aimed at teaching breathing, sleeping and relaxation techniques (e.g. mindfulness, meditation) that can be especially useful for people under stress. Often, they might be the first step for a patient to take control of their mental health condition but in most cases their quality has not been evaluated and hence cannot be viewed as a credible treatment option.
Second thoughts about e-mental health
An important principle that should not be forgotten is ‘what helps me might not help you’. The vast majority of apps remain rather general in orientation in order to attract and increase the number of potential users.
In the light of scarce scientific evidence on the efficacy of e-mental health interventions, psychologists and health professionals often question their credibility and potential added value. The fact that technological development is so fast does not make things easier, as scientific studies cannot keep up. Nonetheless, it will become more important for mental health professionals to be familiar with digital solutions so they can make appropriate recommendations, according to what is available in the marketplace.
E-interventions can be used to create a safe and anonymous platform for people experiencing mental health conditions to connect with others and more easily share their personal problems through online forums or helplines. However, cyberbullying, harassment or hate speech are also very real dangers. Such cruel online behaviours can have a devastating impact on people’s mental health, their identity and development.
As investment in this area increases, more guidelines are needed. Digital tools for mental health should not be the only source of information or a substitute for face-to-face contact, especially with health specialists. Rather they should complement established therapies and be used as an additional way to raise awareness about mental health issues.
Policy Officer for Health Systems<|endoftext|>لیگ قهرمانان اروپا، اتلتیکو مادرید آخرین مسافر مرحله یک هشتم نهایی شد، تیم مورینیو در بازی تشریفاتی به بایرن مونیخ باخت
به گزارش مجله شرقیا، مرحله گروهی لیگ قهرمانان اروپا با صعود تیم فوتبال اتلتیکو مادرید و رجحان بایرن مونیخ و رئال مادرید در بازی های تشریفاتی به خاتمه رسید.
برای سفر به تور اروپا با بهترین کارشناسان مشورت کرده و بهترین برنامه سفر را انتخاب کنید.
به گزارش مجله شرقیا، شب انتهای مرحله گروهی رقابت های لیگ قهرمانان اروپا با صعود تیم فوتبال اتلتیکو مادرید و رجحان بایرن مونیخ، یوونتوس و رئال مادرید در بازی های تشریفاتی به انتها رسید.
در گروه چهارم، اتلتیکو مادرید با رجحان 2 بر صفر خانگی مقابل لوکوموتیو مسکو به عنوان آخرین تیم به مرحله یک هشتم نهایی راه یافت. پس از اینکه تریپیر در دقیقه 3 یک پنالتی اتلتیکو را هدر داد، میزبان از طریق فیلیکس در دقیقه 17 (از روی نقطه پنالتی) و فیلیپه در دقیقه 54 به گل رسید. در دیگر بازی این گروه، یوونتوس با گل های رونالدو در دقیقه 75 و ایگواین در دقیقه 2+90 مقابل میزبانش، بایرلورکوزن به رجحان 2 بر صفر رسید. در جدول گروه چهارم، یوونتوس 16 و اتلتیکوی 10 امتیازی به عنوان تیم های اول و دوم صعود کردند و لورکوزن شش امتیازی به لیگ اروپا رسید.
براساس این گزارش، در گروه اول، رئال مادرید در دیداری تشریفاتی در خانه بروژ 3 بر یک پیروز شد. رودریگو در دقیقه 53، وینیسیوس در دقیقه 64 و مودریچ در دقیقه 1+90 برای رئال و واناکن در دقیقه 55 برای بروژ گل زدند. پاری سن ژرمن هم در زمین خود 5 بر صفر گالاتاسرای را برد. ایکاردی در دقیقه 32، سارابیا در دقیقه 35، نیمار در دقیقه 74، امباپه در دقیقه 63 و کاوانی در دقیقه 84 (از روی نقطه پنالتی) برای میزبان گل زدند. در این گروه پیش از این صعود پاری سن ژرمن 16 و رئال مادرید 11 امتیازی قطعی شده بود. بروژ سه امتیازی هم به لیگ اروپا رسید.
این نتایج در حالی رقم خورد که در گروه دوم، بایرن مونیخ در مسابقه ای تشریفاتی در خانه، 3 بر یک تاتنهام مورینیو را برد. کومان قبل از مصدومیت شدیدش در دقیقه 14، مولر در دقیقه 45 و کوتینیو در دقیقه 64 برای بایرن و سسنیون در دقیقه 20 برای تاتنهام گل زدند. در این گروه المپیاکوس در خانه یک بر صفر ستاره سرخ را برد. در گروه دوم صعود بایرن 18 و تاتنهام 10 امتیازی از پیش قطعی شده بود و المپیاکوس چهار امتیازی به لیگ اروپا رسید.منبع: خبرگزاری تسنیم<|endoftext|>Aereo.jor.br 11 Ekim'de bildirdiğine göre, ihracat için satılan savaş bombardıman uçağı sayısı bakımından ilk üç sırayı sırasıyla Rusya, ABD ve Çin işgal ediyor.
Bu ülkeler, 2009-2012 döneminde 900'den fazla çok rollü savaşçıyı toplam 52,4 milyar dolara ihraç etti. Şu anda, 529 yılına kadar müşterilere teslim edilecek olan 2016 savaş uçağının teslimi için temaslar imzalandı.
Satılan savaş uçağı sayısında ilk kez ABD'yi geride bırakan Rusya, geçtiğimiz üç yıllık dönemde başta Su ailesi olmak üzere 384 savaş uçağını toplam 17,1 milyar dolara ihraç etti ve bu dönemde ABD, 339 milyar doları aşan değeri yabancı ülkelere 31,4 savaş uçağı tedarik etti. Çin, bu pazara 187 milyar dolar değerinde 3,7 savaş uçağıyla giriş yaptı.
2013-2015 döneminde ihracat satışlarında (529 milyar dolar değerinde 41,4 uçak) hafif bir düşüş, bu ülkelerin yeni nesil avcı uçakları için ihracat seçeneklerinin 2020 yılına kadar mevcut olmayacak olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. İkinci olarak, dünya genelinde savunma harcamalarındaki genel düşüş devam ediyor. Üçüncüsü, dünyanın birçok ülkesinin hava kuvvetleri giderek farklı sınıflardan füzeleri satın almayı tercih ediyor.<|endoftext|>Background
In Italia e in tutto il primo mondo, l’85% dei bambini cardiopatici, con un intervento chirurgico raggiunge l’età adulta.
Nei paesi in via di sviluppo, nascere con una cardiopatia congenita equivale ad una condanna a morte.
Cuore di bimbi
La Fondazione Aiutare i bambini ha iniziato ad occuparsi del problema delle cardiopatie infantili nel settembre del 2005.
Il progetto Cuore di bimbo mira a creare una nuova Unità Cardiaca in Africa e precisamente a Shisong, in Cameroun.
Si richiede quindi una campagna stampa per sensibilizzare l'opinione pubblica e guadagnare fondi per il progetto.<|endoftext|>-
özellikle ankara'da ve istanbul üniversitesi'nde gerçekleşen saldırıdır.
biliyorsunuz 10 ekim 2015'te yaralı ve cenazelerin de üstüne biber gazı atmışlardı. devletimiz hiç çizgisini bozmadı maşallah.
-
en güzel şu tweetle özetlenen durum:
"ankara tren garı önünde geçen yıl alınmayan güvenlik önlemi, katliamın yıl dönümünde alınalı birkaç dk oldu."
eğer polisin bu
|
8,548 | 6 | 3 |
-hundred-and-fifty narratives. Throughout the twentieth century, Chekhov, a cultural icon in Russia, has been considered internationally to be one of the greatest and most influential of short story writers and playwrights.
As the “The Darling” opens, Olga Semyonovna, also referred to as Olenka, sits with Kukin, the owner of an outdoor theater and a resident in the lodge Olga inherited from her father. Kukin complains every night of the rain, which drives patrons away from his theater; he also complains that no one appreciates the theater as art any more. Olga and Kukin marry, but it rains on their wedding day, and Kukin “retained an expression of despair.” Once married, Olga works in the office of Kukin’s theater and talks only of the rain and the indifference of people to the art of the theater. When Kukin goes to Moscow on business, around the time of Lent, Olga does not know what to do with herself. Kukin is detained in Moscow, but he sends word that he will be home by Easter. On the Sunday before Easter, however, Olga receives a telegram announcing that Kukin has died suddenly. Olga mourns his death deeply.
Three months later, she walks home from church with one of her neighbors, Vassily Andreitch Pustovalov, who is a timber merchant. Shortly afterward, Pustovalov sends “an elderly lady” to Olga’s house as a matchmaker. Pustovalov and Olga end up marrying quickly. Olga helps Pustovalov at the office of the lumberyard, thinking, dreaming, and speaking only of timber. As Pustovalov does not care for the theater, Olga dismisses the theater as “nonsense.” The couple live for six years, “quietly and peaceably in love and complete harmony.” After Pustovalov catches cold and dies a month later, Olga mourns him deeply, wearing nothing but mourning clothes for six months.
However, she begins to be seen having tea in her yard with Smirnin, a young veterinary surgeon in the army, who lives at her lodge. Smirnin is married and has a son, but he is estranged from his wife due to an affair she had. When Olga begins to speak of nothing but veterinary concerns, it is apparent to everyone that she has taken up with the veterinarian. Soon, however, Smirnin leaves her because his regiment is transferred far away.
With no man to give her life meaning, Olga has nothing to think of, speak of, or dream about. With no one else’s opinions to adopt, “she had no opinions of any sort.” She even dreams of her empty yard. Without another person by which to define herself, her brain and her heart are empty. Years go by, and Olga loses the healthy vigor that earned her the nickname of “darling.” She starts to look old, and no one greets her when they pass her on the street.
One day, however, Smirnin arrives with his son, Sasha, and his wife, with whom he is reconciled. Olga insists they live in her house, and she moves into the lodge. But Smirnin’s wife soon leaves permanently to go live with her sister, and Smirnin is mostly away at his work. Olga, perceiving that Sasha has been virtually abandoned by his parents, takes him into her care, making him the new center of her life. She devotes herself entirely to his care, speaking and thinking only of Sasha and his schoolwork. But Sasha is embarrassed when she tries to follow him to school and tells her to go home and let him walk alone. Olga’s life once again has meaning because she lives through Sasha, but Sasha feels smothered by her care and cries out in his sleep words that express his anger toward her and his desire to be free of her smothering love: “I’ll give it to you! Get away! Shut up!”
The elderly lady is a matchmaker between Olga and her second husband. The elderly lady, only a slight acquaintance, comes to visit Olga and to drink coffee with her one afternoon. After a brief visit from Pustovalov, Olga realizes she loves him and sends for the elderly lady to make a match between them.
Kukin is Olga’s first husband. He is the owner of an open-air theater called the Tivoli. He complains on a daily basis that the rain has once again driven away his audience, and that nobody appreciates art anyway. He is described as
a small thin man, with a yellow face, and curls combed forward on his forehead. He spoke in a thin tenor; as he talked, his mouth worked on one side, and there was always an expression of despair on his face
As the story opens, Kukin is a boarder at Olga’s lodge, but they soon marry, and Olga adopts Kukin’s concern for the rain and the indifferent public. One night, Olga receives a telegram informing her that Kukin, who was away in Moscow on business, has died suddenly. His body is taken by train back to Olga’s town where she mourns his death for three months.
Mavra is Olga’s cook. She is only mentioned once, when all three of the men in Olga’s life have died or left her, and Olga has no one’s opinions to adopt except those of the cook: “Whatever Mavra, the cook, said she accepted.”
See Olga Semyonovna
Plemyanniakov is Olga’s father. Before her first marriage, he was the man her life revolved around. He does not appear in the story, but it is mentioned that he left her the lodge in his will.
Vassily Andreitch Pustovalov
Pustovalov is Olga’s second husband. Before they marry, he is Olga’s neighbor and a manager at the lumberyard. His manner of dress, “a straw hat, a white waistcoat, and a gold watch-chain” make him look “more like a country gentleman than a man in a trade.” Three months after her first husband’s death, Olga meets him on their way home from church. Shortly afterward, he sends an older woman as matchmaker, and the two marry. Olga and Pustovalov live happily together for six years. But “one winter day after drinking hot tea in the office, Vassily Andreitch went out into the yard without his cap on to see about sending off some timber, caught cold and was taken ill.” Although he has “the best doctors,” he dies a month later.
Olga is the “darling” referred to in the story’s title. She is also referred to as Olenka. Olga is the protagonist of the story. Her primary characteristic is that her life revolves around whatever man she attaches herself to. She first marries a theater owner and adopts his despair over the weather and his disdain for the public, who do not appreciate his art. When he dies suddenly, Olga mourns bitterly, but three months later she meets a timber merchant. They quickly marry, and Olga helps him with his business, talking and dreaming only of timber. After six years, the timber merchant becomes ill and dies. Olga mourns his death bitterly, but six months later she takes up with a young veterinary surgeon who lives in her lodge. Although he is married, he is estranged from his wife. During this time, Olga speaks and thinks only of veterinary concerns. But this does not last long, as the surgeon is soon transferred to another town. When Olga is once again left without a man in her life, she finds that she has nothing to say or think. Years go by, and Olga grows older and less attractive, as she thinks, dreams, and speaks of nothing. Only when the veterinarian returns with his wife and son, does Olga’s life once
- The Short Story Collection: Classic Short Stories includes Chekhov’s “Lady with a Toy Dog” and was recorded on audiocassette by Recorded Books in 1998. It is narrated by George Guidall and Frank Muller.
again take on meaning. But this time it is Sasha, the little boy, who becomes the focus of all her thoughts. When he is virtually abandoned by his mother and father, Olga takes the boy under her care, as if he were her own.
Smirnin is a young veterinary surgeon in the army. When Olga first meets him, he is renting a room in her lodge. He is estranged from his wife because she had an affair, and only sends her money to support their little boy. While her second husband is out of town, Olga sits with Smirnin to drink tea and play cards. Six months after her second husband’s death, it becomes clear to everyone that she and Pustovalov are having an affair because Olga begins to talk only of veterinary concerns. Olga is happy with Smirnin, but his regiment soon departs to a far away place, and Olga is again left alone. Years later, Smirnin returns, reunited with his wife and son, and Olga insists that the family lodge with her. But the wife soon leaves and, although Olga and Pustovalov do not take up their affair, Olga devotes her life to caring for his son.
Sasha is the son of Smirnin, the veterinary surgeon, and his estranged wife. He is described as “a boy often, small for his age, blue-eyed, chubby, with dimples in his cheeks.” When Smirnin and his wife are reconciled, they bring Sasha with them to live in Olga’s house. Olga’s black cat immediately delights Sasha. After the mother departs and the veterinary surgeon is often away for his work, Olga takes care of Sasha for “it seemed to Olga as though Sasha was entirely abandoned, that he was not wanted at home, that he was being starved, and she carried him off to her lodge and gave him a little room there.” Sasha then becomes the center of Olga’s life. She does his homework with him and speaks to others only about Sasha and his school. But Sasha is embarrassed when Olga follows him on his way to school, and he must tell her to go home and let him walk the rest of the way alone. The last lines of the story are given to Sasha’s cries in his sleep: “I’ll give it to you! Get away! Shut up!” In his nightmares, Sasha is able to express his anger at the smothering presence of Olga in his life.
Smirnin ‘s wife
She is described as “a thin, plain lady, with short hair and a peevish expression.” Olga first hears about Smirnin’s wife when he tells her of their estrangement due to the wife’s infidelity. Olga at first encourages him to reconcile with her. Olga does not meet the wife until years later when the two are reconciled and come with their son to live in Olga’s house. But the wife soon leaves again, going to stay with her sister in Harkov. When she does not return, Olga takes over the mothering of the little boy.
The Role of Women in Society
Critics have interpreted the tone of the story as an indication that Chekhov was lampooning the limited role of women in nineteenth-century Russian society as nothing more than an appendage to men, with no thoughts or opinions of their own. Soon after the publication of “The Darling,” however, contemporary writer Tolstoy made the argument that while Chekhov set out to “sacrifice” the character of Olga as a typically vapid woman, he inadvertently blesses her in her ultimate role as mother. Tolstoy’s view was based on his opinion that women serve no greater role in society than that of loving mother, and that women’s highest virtue is their capacity for love. Critics continue to debate the narrative perspective of “The Darling” and Olga’s character: Is she an object of ridicule, pity, or admiration? The fact that these questions continue to provide critics with material for speculation and debate, even one hundred years after its initial publication, is a testament to Chekhov’s skillful sense of ambiguity in the telling of this story.
The Nature of Love
Chekhov’s story develops a character, Olga Semyonovna, who thrives on love and withers away without love. The story, however, questions the nature of such a love, which is born more of dependency and personal emptiness than of a true sympathy of souls. Olga is largely indiscriminate in her choices of the men to whom she attaches herself. Having no internal life of her own, she attaches herself to a theater owner, a lumber merchant, and a veterinary surgeon, without any true sense of each man’s character or of her own opinions in relation to his. Love, for Olga, is a matter of filling up the “empty yard,” which is all she can dream of when there is no man with whom to share it. Her’ love” is based on a vast internal void in her own character, which craves to be occupied by some man, without regard to the particularities of who the man is. In terms of contemporary popular psychology, Olga’s attachment to men is that of a “codependent” who gains her sense of self only from her emotional dependence on others.
Loss, Abandonment, and Death
During the course of the story, Olga falls in love with, and then loses, three men. The first two, Kukin and Pustovalov, whom she marries in sequence, abandon her through sudden death. Olga’s response to each death is highly melodramatic. She wails dramatically upon Kukin’s death, and evokes a similar response upon the death of Pustovalov. After each funeral, she openly mourns the man’s death through the length of time she continues to wear her mourning clothes. Olga’s sense of loss after each death is, on the one hand, represented as extreme and sincere. Yet, on the other hand, the reader is invited to question the sincerity of her mourning because she attaches herself to a new man within three to six months after the death of each preceding man. It becomes clear that while Olga certainly suffers the loss of the man in her life, the ease with which each man can be replaced indicates that it is not so important to her which man in particular comes next so long as he can fill the void left in her life by the loss of the previous man. Olga’s eventual attachment to Sasha, the little boy, is initially inspired by her sense that he has been “abandoned” by his parents. It is her identification
Topics for Further Study
- Critics have long debated Chekhov’s perspective on women, especially as portrayed in his short story “The Darling.” In your own view, what does this story seem to “say” about women’s role in Russian society? How would you compare and contrast this perspective with his short story “The Lady with the Dog” ?
- Chekhov is as well known for his plays as he is for his short stories. His greatest plays include: Uncle Vanya(1896), The Cherry Orchard(1904), The Seagull(1896), and Three Sisters. Choose one of these plays to read. What, in your assessment, is meant by the common remark that the message of Chekhov’s plays is simply “You live badly, ladies and gentlemen.” To what extent are his plays, and this message, meaningful to the contemporary audience?
- Great Russian writers of the nineteenth century include Ivan Turgenev, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Leo Tolstoy, and Maxim Gorky. Choose one of these writers to learn more about. What is the significance of this writer to Russian literature of the nineteenth century? In what ways does this writer use “realism” to convey a political or social message?
- The second half of the nineteenth century was a period of much social and political change in Russia. Learn more about major events in Russian history during this period. What was the role of literature and the arts in Russian society and politics during this time?
- Chekhov’s plays are still commonly performed on the stage. Find out more about recent productions of his plays. Based on written reviews of these productions, how do contemporary productions of his plays seem to interpret his words for the modern stage? In what ways do the actors, director, or other elements of the production make the play meaningful to a contemporary audience?
- Stanislavsky’s Moscow Arts Theater performed many of Chekhov’s plays. Learn more about Stanislavsky and the Moscow Art Theater. In what ways did Stanislavsky’s innovative acting techniques influence Russian drama in the nineteenth century? In what ways is this influence still relevant today?
with the feeling of being abandoned that leads her to “love” Sasha.
In the end, her “maternal” love for Sasha, the little boy, is really born of her own need for a male object of her affections and is ultimately stifling to the healthy development of the child as an individual. Under the guise of doing everything she can for Sasha, Olga in fact selfishly smothers Sasha with her attention to meet her own emotional needs. Each act of supposed kindness or generosity, such as following him to school to give him a candy, is in fact a method of manipulating him into satisfying her desire for love and attention. The final lines of the story emphasize the oppressive nature of Olga’s “love” for Sasha, as he calls out in his nightmares the sentiments he cannot express during the day: to Sasha her attention is demanding, overbearing, and oppressive.
Chekhov’s short story is in the style of realism, which predominated Russian literature throughout the latter half of the nineteenth century. Yet, while writers such as Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky wrote in a realistic style that conveyed a political message or moral philosophy, Chekhov’s stories, as critics have pointed out, instruct the reader not so much in how to live but in how not to live. “The Darling” is realist in style partly in its portrayal of life in a provincial Russian village. Chekhov focuses on the mundane details of daily life as important indicators of character, giving the story a somewhat static tone, as nothing much “happens” in Olga’s life, except a series of marriages and deaths.
Critics have often discussed the tone of the narrator in “The Darling” as an indicator of the author’s perspective on the character of Olga. Chekhov’s literary roots as a writer of brief, humorous sketches can be detected in the somewhat mocking tone of his portrayal of Olga. For instance, with the death of each husband, the narrator relates the passion and depth of Olga’s mourning, but, almost in the same breath, relates her involvement with a new suitor only months after the death of the last. Some critics interpret this mocking tone as evidence that Chekhov’s intention was to criticize the limitations placed on women by traditional gender roles. However, some critics note that, by the end of the story, the narrator’s tone changes from that of mockery to that of pathos. Olga emerges as a pathetic creature, whose all-encompassing love for the little boy is met by his disdain and scorn.
Chekhov is known for his virtually plotless stories, which focus on the details of character, rather than the intricacies of plot. Chekhov’s literary beginnings as a writer of short, humorous sketches can be traced in this “character sketch” of Olga Semyonovna. Every detail, event, and character in the story is designed to develop and illuminate the central character. Further, the story focuses on Olga’s defining character trait: that she blindly devotes herself, in turn, to each of the three men in her life, molding her personality to suit the interests and opinions of whoever is her current husband or lover. By the end of the story, having lost all three of these men, Olga devotes
|
8,548 | -1 | 0 |
to funzionamento della maggior parte degli organismi viventi.
Dal punto di vista chimico, il DNA è un polimero organico costituito da monomeri chiamati nucleotidi. Tutti i nucleotidi sono costituiti da tre componenti fondamentali: un gruppo fosfato, il deossiribosio (zucchero pentoso) e una base azotata che si lega al deossiribosio con legame N-glicosidico in posizione 1.
Le basi azotate che possono essere utilizzate nella formazione dei nucleotidi da incorporare nella molecola di DNA sono quattro: adenina, guanina, citosina e timina.
Click here to edit.
Quale funzione ha?
La disposizione in sequenza di queste quattro basi costituisce l'informazione genetica, leggibile attraverso il codice genetico, che ne permette la traduzione in amminoacidi. Il processo di traduzione genetica (comunemente chiamata sintesi proteica) è possibile solo in presenza di una molecola intermedia di RNA, generata attraverso la trascrizione del DNA. . L'informazione genetica è duplicata prima della divisione cellulare, attraverso un processo noto come replicazione del DNA, che evita la perdita di informazione durante le generazioni.
Click here to edit.
Com'é presente all'interno degli esseri viventi?
Negli organismi viventi, il DNA non è quasi mai presente sotto forma di singolo filamento, ma come una coppia di filamenti saldamente associati tra loro. Essi si intrecciano tra loro a formare una struttura definita doppia elica. Ogni nucleotide è costituito da uno scheletro laterale, che ne permette il legame covalente con i nucleotidi adiacenti ( sopra o sotto), e da una base azotata, che instaura legami idrogeno con la corrispondente base azotata presente sul filamento opposto. Il composto formato da una base azotata legata allo zucchero è definito nucleoside; un nucleotide è invece un nucleoside a cui sono legati uno o più gruppi fosfato.
Qual’è la Struttura del DNA?
La struttura laterale del DNA è composta da unità ripetute ed alternate di gruppi fosfato e di deossiribosio, uno zucchero pentoso (a cinque atomi di carbonio) che si lega ai fosfati adiacenti attraverso legami covalenti presso il terzo ed il quinto carbonio; in pratica, ogni molecola di fosfato forma un ponte molecolare collegando, attraverso legami covalenti, il carbonio in posizione 3′ di una molecola di deossiribosio con quello in posizione 5′ dello zucchero successivo. Conseguenza di questi legami asimmetrici è che ogni filamento di DNA ha un senso, determinato dalla direzione dei legami fosfodiesterici. In una doppia elica, il senso di un filamento è opposto a quello del filamento complementare.
Come si struttura la doppia elica?
La doppia elica del DNA è stabilizzata dai legami idrogeno che si instaurano tra le basi azotate presenti sui due filamenti. Le quattro basi che sono state individuate nel DNA sono l'adenina (abbreviata con la lettera A), la citosina (C), la guanina (G) e la timina (T). Adenina e guanina sono composti eterociclici chiamati purine, mentre citosina e timina sono anelli pirimidinici. Esiste una quinta base, di tipo pirimidinico, chiamata uracile (U), ma essa non è di norma presente nelle catene di DNA. L'uracile è altresì presente nei filamenti di RNA al posto della timina, da cui si differenzia per la mancanza di un gruppo metile.
La doppia elica è una spirale destrorsa. Determinata dai legami fra le basi azotate complementari fra le basi azotate:
Come si legano le basi azotate?
Ogni tipo di base presente su un filamento forma un legame con la base posta sul filamento opposto. Tale evento è noto come appaiamento complementare. Le basi puriniche (Adenina e Guanina) formano legami idrogeno con le basi pirimidiniche ( Timina e Citosina): A può legare solo T e G può legare solo C. L'associazione di due basi viene comunemente chiamata paio di basi ed è l'unità di misura maggiormente utilizzata per definire la lunghezza di una molecola di DNA. Dal momento che i legami idrogeno non sono covalenti, essi possono esser rotti e riuniti in modo relativamente semplice, poiché questi sono legami ad alta energia. I due filamenti possono essere allontanati tra loro, come avviene per una cerniera, sia dalle alte temperature che da un'azione meccanica (come avviene durante la replicazione del DNA). Conseguenza di questa complementarità è che tutte le informazioni contenute nella doppia elica possono essere duplicate a partire da entrambi i filamenti, evento fondamentale per una corretta replicazione del DNA.
Click here to edit.
Quanti legami Idrogeno di formano?
GUANINA - CITOSINA
I due tipi di paia di basi formano un numero differente di legami idrogeno: A e T ne formano due, G e C tre. Per tale motivo, la stabilità del legame GC è decisamente maggiore di quello AT. Di conseguenza, la stabilità complessiva di una molecola di DNA è direttamente correlata alla frequenza di GC presenti nella molecola stessa, nonché alla lunghezza dell'elica: una molecola di DNA è dunque tanto più stabile quanto più contiene GC ed è lunga. Un'altra conseguenza di tale evento è il fatto che le regioni di DNA che devono essere separate facilmente contengono un'elevata concentrazione di A e T.
ADENINA E TIMINA
Adenina e Timina formano due legami idrogeno.
Nell'RNA al posto della Timina vi é l'Uracile
Nell'RNA al posto della Timina vi é l'Uracile<|endoftext|>The principal trimester is a period when the mother’s body experiences a great deal of physiological changes and the baby’s significant organs begin creating. Amid this time the danger of an unnatural birth cycle is high and fetal prosperity is vigorously subject to maternal prosperity. You will wind up in the midst of a plenty of exhortation about what you ought to and ought not do, a considerable measure of which won’t not bode well. So in the event that you are pondering about what wellbeing measures to really hone, here is a short rundown of security measures.
Sustenance and Beverages
After the baby appends itself to the uterine divider, it begins drawing supplements and oxygen from you. What you devour won’t just decide your wellbeing however the soundness of your creating child as well. While clearly you should eat nutritious fiber rich nourishments, there are some that you should keep away from/limit.
· Caffeine: Consuming more than 300mgs of caffeine builds the danger of unnatural birth cycle.
· Big fish: Although angle is a decent wellspring of protein and omega-2, major fish, for example, mackerel contain high measures of methyl mercury and must be maintained a strategic distance from.
· Raw and uncooked fish, eggs and meat: Pregnant ladies are substantially more inclined to diseases. A few microscopic organisms like E. coli, Listeria and Salmonella can undoubtedly debase crude sustenances. A portion of these, similar to Listeria, can pass on to the unborn child through the placenta. Continuously expend all around cooked sustenance.
· Unpasteurized drain and cheddar
· Avoid mixed refreshments.
Smoking, both dynamic and latent, must be kept away from when pregnant. Tobacco smoke contains numerous hurtful chemicals that can go through the mother’s circulatory system and achieve the developing child. Smoking limits veins and decreases the oxygen supply to your child. Indeed, even a solitary cigarette daily builds the danger of unsuccessful labor, unexpected labor and numerous birth imperfections, for example, low birth weight, still birth and heart absconds. So quit smoking when you realize that you are pregnant.
The body can’t lose warm adequately when you utilize a hot tub, sauna and even a steam room. This causes a critical ascent in the body temperature, which is perilous for the creating infant. Hot tubs must be maintained a strategic distance from totally amid the initial 12 weeks of pregnancy.
A mother’s body experiences various physical and hormonal changes amid pregnancy. Exhaustion and sickness are exceptionally basic amid the underlying weeks. It is suggested that you get a lot of rest. Try not to lift substantial weights to abstain from putting pointless weight on the developing infant. Ladies can securely keep practicing amid early pregnancy however in the event that you have not been practicing before getting pregnant, it is prudent to take it moderate. Strolling is incredible. In any case, on the off chance that you have any pregnancy difficulties please counsel your specialist before beginning anything new.
On the off chance that you have pets, make it a propensity to wash your hands in the wake of tapping creatures to evade contaminations like Taxoplasmosis which can influence your unborn kid causing mind harm. Wear gloves amid planting and abstain from taking care of pet litter.<|endoftext|>Ben Shahn - The Call of the Shofar
The Temple’s Mosaic Art by Famed Artist Ben Shahn Unveiled 50 Years Ago
Congregration Ohaibai Sholom, Nashville, TN (January 4, 2010): The Temple’s first major artwork, a mosaic entitled The Call of the Shofar was commissioned and designed by Shahn and erected 50 years ago when city officials were in heated discussions about integration and civil rights.
“The mosaic, unveiled in 1960, still speaks to us today,” says Betty Lee Rosen, chair of The Temple’s Beautification Committee. “The art is a powerful, intellectually and artistically provocative piece. It transmits a message about the people of Nashville and the importance of unity and community.”
The mosaic represents racial equality with an outstretched hand that symbolizes God’s calling to unite mankind into one community of brotherhood, depicted as five different heads as the five races of man.
Shahn, a Lithuanian-born American artist (1898-1969), is well-known for his 1965 portrait of Martin Luther King, Jr. which appeared on the cover of Time as well as for his works on social realism and his series of lectures published as The Shape of Content. Shahn was a commercial artist for CBS, Time, Fortune and Harper’s. The Art Directors Club Hall of Fame recognizes him as “one of the greatest masters of the 20th century.”
“The importance of social action and social justice has long been part of the strong foundation of this congregation, and this artistic creation is an echo of our congregation’s goals and an impressive reminder of what is important in our lives,” says Patty Marks, president of The Temple Congregation Ohabai Sholom.
photo by Steve Shapiro<|endoftext|>俄罗斯迎来第二个普京时代
在前任总统、现任总理的名衔后，普京现在又多了一个候任总统的新头衔，这在世界政治史上不能不说是罕见之事。但俄罗斯最大的政治悬念破解并未引起俄罗斯内部和国际社会的强烈反响。原因很简单，悬念的结果完全是意料之中的事。
梅德韦杰夫为何放弃在政治生涯中更上一步成为媒体猜测的焦点。他在任内提出了旗帜鲜明的一整套施政纲领，并一度暗示过必要时会和普京同台竞选。分析家们认为梅德韦杰夫可能受到了压力，又或者普京提出了他无法拒绝的建议。但最合理的解释是普京自己的说法。
在梅普换位的决定公布后，普京明确表示，“我现在要直截了当的告诉你们，我们几年前已就做什么和怎么做达成了协议”。梅德韦杰夫随后也承认，他与普京所做的事都遵循一个统一的既定战略。因此，尽管有人认为，梅普还会一直轮换执政直到2036年，但俄国政治领导权重回它真正的领袖手中后，梅普组合这对略显别扭的“双人舞”，只怕已彻底结束了它的历史使命。
梅德韦杰夫选择退出，让幕僚们为他辛苦树立起来的俄国自由派和改革者领袖的角色，在制度和威信上都遭受严重破坏。在推动俄罗斯朝着他任内提出的“开放、自由、改革”路线的“前进”目标上，梅德韦杰夫将变得束手束脚，甚至从此三缄其口。作为总统的他无人替代，但作为总理的他却随时可以被更换。有分析称，财政部长库德林宣布不会加入梅德韦杰夫领导的政府，目的就是为了在普京再次当总统时能被提拔到总理的位子上。
库德林是普京前两个任期财政预算的制定者，任内成功将俄罗斯的国债数目削减到国民生产总值的10%以下。此外，普京的老臣，现在的第一副总理舒瓦诺夫，在资历和政绩上也都有资格作为梅德韦杰夫的备胎。出于对自己当总理时表现出的忠心的回报，普京重回克里姆林宫后也会大规模地提拔强力部门领导人。因此，梅德韦杰夫可能被换位总理，但也可能被换位到其它位置，甚至不再进入俄国政治的核心圈。
俄国残存的自由派力量认为，现在唯一的希望只能寄托于一个新的普京，尽管这个希望基本上是一种奢望。在前两个任期内，普京充分展现了自己强人铁腕的政治风格，接下来的任期内，他没有理由放弃自己熟悉的东西，甚至可能将其进一步发扬光大。顺利的话，他将再次连续执政到2024年，总的执政时间将达到20年，超过勃列日涅夫（18年），仅次于斯大林（27年）。在后两位执政期间，俄国都进入到一个漫长的停滞期。普京是否会重蹈这样的覆辙，还是会成为第二个戈尔巴乔夫，或至少是赫鲁晓夫？现在还难下定论。
现实或许会迫使他从一个保守派变成改革者。俄罗斯虽然平稳过渡到第二个普京时代，但这并不意味着俄国社会将继续认同普京的政策。那些在第一个普京时代未获解决的问题依然存在：油价再次下跌对俄罗斯经济的冲击；北高加索分离主义和恐怖主义的威胁；效率低下的庞大官僚系统及其滋生的腐败；持续高涨民族主义对现行政治体制和政策的挟持。在世界经济可能进入新一轮危机的情况下，普京将面对比自己第一个时代更大的压力和要求，如果他能顺应时代的发展作出改变，那将真正创造历史。
鸦鹿女式羽绒服批发
LED电视电视机厂家
提花船袜品牌<|endoftext|>If you attend fitness classes, do you work out with a teacher or instructor? If that seems like a strange question, read on. While it may seem like teachers and instructors are the same, there are some important differences.
Teacher or Instructor: What’s the Difference?
Consider this quote:
If you learn only methods, you’ll be tied to your methods, but if you learn principles you can devise your own methods. ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson
As the quote suggests, there is a difference between needing continual guidance from an outside source (an instructor) and learning how to learn under the guidance of a teacher. When it comes to choosing a teacher or instructor, there are benefits to both, but eventually, you’ll want to be able to function on your own.
Let’s look at the Merriam Webster’s dictionary definitions of both teach and instruct. This will help you decide whether a teacher or instructor is right for you.
Definition of Teach
- to show how to do something; give lessons to
- to give lessons in
- to give knowledge, insight, etc. to
Definition of Instruct
- to teach, educate
- to inform
- to order or direct
If you look closely at these definitions, you will see a clear distinction, even though they are similar. Which method is more effective for you? Do you learn better when you are taught or when you are instructed?
The Difference Between Teaching and Instructing
The definitions above suggest a major difference between teaching and instructing. Teaching involves guidance, example, and mentoring. This requires a deeper level of both subject matter knowledge and skill in caring for the student. Teachers invest in their students on a personal level.
Instructing, on the other hand, does not really require an investment or deep level of care for the student. Instructors simply impart information authoritatively, often by order or command. On a superficial level, this can be effective. If you need information quickly, your relationship with the source may not be so important. However, the skills and abilities that stick with us throughout our lives tend to come from teachers, not instructors.
Do You Want a Pilates Teacher or Instructor?
Most teachers waste their time by asking questions which are intended to discover what a pupil does not know, whereas the true art of questioning has for its purpose to discover what the pupil knows or is capable of knowing. ~ Albert Einstein
In terms of Pilates or any kind of fitness classes, instructors and teachers serve distinct roles. Sometimes a person can function as both a teacher and an instructor depending on the situation. In certain situations, a set of instructions guiding students through a series of exercises may suffice, especially for familiar routines.
A good teacher can help students move forward so they can continue to progress and improve. In other words, deep, lasting learning requires a teacher—someone invested in you and your success who can help you tap into your own abilities and identify what you need to do in order to thrive.
- A Healthy Diet for People Who Practice Pilates: Knowing What Your Body Needs - May 15, 2017
- How Pilates Benefits MS: A Pilates NYC Case Study - May 1, 2017
- Improving Strength and Flexibility with Susan’s Individualized Pilates Instruction - April 17, 2017
- Pilates for Headache Relief: Skip the Painkillers and Treat Your Whole Body - April 3, 2017
- Pilates is Enjoyable: How Susan Help
|
8,548 | -1 | 1 |
peasants.
As a poet he often combined content and form in potent images, the intent and meaning of which were prophetically obscure, and at other times he was able as no one else in his day to speak simply and comprehensibly on the most elevated subjects.
As a politician he could be extremely realistic, always giving voice to an anti-authoritarian attitude; he supported peaceful change rather than revolution. With Grundtvig, compromise became a way of life in Danish politics and society. He left behind him religious and popular movements which in the folk high schools, the church, the parliament and in the public at large are still influential in Danish society.
Flemming Lundgreen-Nielsen, Gyldendal Leksikon<|endoftext|>1、糖化血红蛋白是什么？
原标题：解读糖化血红蛋白数值，你必须先知道这6件事当你面对一个糖化血红数值时，它反映了什么问题？在正式解读糖化血红蛋白之前，您得先知道这6件事。1.糖化血红蛋白是什么糖化血红蛋白是人体血液中红细胞内的血红蛋白与葡萄糖结合的产物。血红蛋白是红细胞中主要负责携带和运输氧气的蛋白质，当它与血中葡萄糖相遇时，就会相互结合，形成结构非常稳定的成分，即“糖化血红蛋白”。由于血液中血红蛋白的量是相对固定的，所以HbA1c的水平与血糖浓度成正比。人体内红细胞的寿命一般为120天，在红细胞死亡前，血液中HbA1c含量也会保持相对不变。因此，HbA1c可以稳定可靠地反映出检测前120天内的平均血糖水平，且受抽血时间，是否空腹，是否使用胰岛素等因素干扰不大，与最近一个月的血糖控制情况关系更密切。2.对应的平均血糖是多少HbA1c是国际公认的糖尿病患者监控的“金标准”，能很好地反映采血前3个月内的平均血糖水平，是医生判断患者病情并给出治疗方案的重要依据。HbA1c并不能直接换算成血糖，但它的变化与平均血糖有一个推测值。糖化血红蛋白与平均血糖对照表HbA1c平均血糖水平6778.6810.2911.81013.41114.91216.5您可以根据上表，估算你的平均血糖水平。3.发生并发症风险高吗HbA1c除能反映血糖水平之外，其与糖尿病并发症尤其是微血管病变关系密切。HbA1c越高，发生糖尿病并发症的风险越大。研究表明HbA1c每增加1个百分点，2型糖尿病患者发生心脑血管疾病的概率就增加15%～18%，死亡概率就增加20%～30%，一旦HbA1c超过7%，发生心脑血管疾病的危险性就增加50%以上。另外研究发现，2型糖尿病患者HbA1c水平每降低1%：患白内障的风险降低19%、患卒中的风险降低14%、患心肌梗死的可能性降低14%、患肾脏病变的风险降低37%、因血管疾病而遭受截肢或死亡的可能性降低43%。4.血糖控制达标吗HbA1c正常值为4%-6%，对我国大多数非妊娠成年2型糖尿病患者而言，HbA1c控制目标为＜7%，但是针对不同人群有不同的控制目标，具体如下：中国成人2型糖尿病HbA1c目标值建议HbA1c水平适用人群＜6%新诊断、年轻、无并发症及伴发疾病，降糖治疗无低血糖和体重增加等不良反应；无需降糖药物干预者；糖尿病合并妊娠；妊娠期发现的糖尿病。＜6.5%＜65岁无糖尿病并发症和严重伴发疾病，计划妊娠的糖尿病患者。＜7%＜65岁，口服降糖药物不能达标合用或改用胰岛素治疗；≥65岁，无低血糖风险，脏器功能良好，预期生存期＞15年；正在接受胰岛素治疗的计划妊娠的糖尿病患者。≤7.5%已有心血管疾病或有心血管疾病的高危因素者。＜8%≥65岁，预期生存期5-15年。＜9%≥65岁或恶性肿瘤预期生存期＜5年，低血糖高危人群；执行治疗方案困难者和精神或智力或视力障碍等；医疗条件太差等。5.应该多长时间查一次糖化血红蛋白HbA1c的监测频率，一般在治疗之初建议每3个月检测1次，但针对不同人群有不同要求，具体如下：血糖控制满意且稳定的糖尿病患者，建议一年至少监测2次HbA1c。血糖控制不满意且需调整方案的患者，建议一年至少监测4次。对于计划怀孕的糖尿病妇女，初期建议每月测1次HbA1c，血糖控制满意后，可每6～8周测1次，直到受孕。正在接受胰岛素治疗的糖尿病孕妇，建议每2个月测1次HbA1c。确诊为妊娠期糖尿病患者，妊娠期间建议，每1~2个月检测1次HbA1c。对于没有患糖尿病的45岁以上人群，应该考虑进行HbA1c检查，尤其是合并肥胖或超重，同时有一个或多个糖尿病高危因素者，建议将HbA1c列入每年常规体检项目。6.检查糖化血红蛋白的注意事项尽管HbA1c是一个重要的评估指标，但并不能准确反映每天的血糖控制情况，它与日常自我血糖监测不是相互排斥的，而是相互补充的。因此HbA1c不能代替日常自我血糖监测，患者也不能以HbA1c测试的结果来准确调整日常胰岛素的用量。一般情况下，血糖和HbA1c的变化趋势是一致的，但有时两者变化不一致。例如暴发性1型糖尿病，这时的HbA1c滞后于血糖急剧变化的速度，因此不能反映真实的平均血糖水平。虽然HbA1c水平相对稳定，但是对于各种原因引起血红蛋白异常患者可导致结果的不可靠。例如：①由于失血过多造成的血红蛋白量降低，可造成HbA1c检测值过低；②患缺铁性贫血者，可造成HbA1c检测值过高；③最近有输血史或有其他形式的溶血性贫血，可造成HbA1c检测结果过低；⑤妊娠期间，特别是妊娠后期，血容量增大，血红蛋白被稀释，可造成HbA1c检测值过低。你会解读你的糖化血红蛋白数值了吗？作者：黄小依《糖尿病之友》杂志社
不久前有糖友提问，查糖化血红蛋白能不能确诊糖尿病？
糖化血红蛋白，是血红蛋白的颉氨酸与血液中葡萄糖结合而成的产物，且为不可逆的结合，其数值与血糖浓度成正比，随红细胞消亡而消失。
答案是否定的。目前我国是以空腹血糖和口服葡萄糖耐量试验的测定值为准的，空腹血糖＞7.0或口服葡萄糖耐量试验＞11.1，可初步确诊是糖尿病，如果还伴随有典型的“三多一少”的症状就可以确诊了。当然一次的检验结果并不能确诊，建议后期再找个时间复查。
红细胞的生命期120天左右，所以可反映采血前2～3月血糖的平均水平。
糖化血红蛋白，英文缩写为HbA1c，它是评估血糖整体控制的一项金标准，能较可靠地反映出近3个月的的平均血糖水平，且不受抽血时间、是否空腹，是否使用胰岛素等因素干扰。当糖化值高于6.5%的时候，可初步判断是糖尿病。国外已经将糖化值作为诊断糖尿病的标准之一，但国内由于监测手段、仪器等因素，暂时还未把糖化作为诊断标准。
糖化血红蛋白，由HbA1a、HbA1b、HbA1c组成，其中HbA1c约占70%，且结构稳定，因此被用作糖尿病控制的监测指标。
糖化血红蛋白跟血糖有啥关系？
2、糖化血红蛋白，能换算成血糖吗？
糖化血红蛋白，并不能直接换算成血糖。但糖化血红蛋白的变化与平均血糖有一个推测值。
糖化血红蛋白值≠血糖值，但能够反映出血糖的一个平均水平。如果大家要把糖化值和血糖值进行对比，二者之间的确有一个可以参考的换算关系，如下表所示，当糖化值高于7%的时候，平均血糖在8.1-12.1毫摩/升之间，意味着血糖控制不佳，需要及时调整治疗方案。
糖化血红蛋白与平均血糖关系对照表
糖化血红蛋白与血糖对照表
HbA1c
平均血糖水平
糖尿病人的糖化血红蛋白控制目标是？
3、糖化血红蛋白，是糖尿病监测的金标准吗？
糖化血红蛋白的正常值为4%-6%，其控制范围应因人而异。糖尿病防治指南指出，应根据患者的年龄、病程、预期寿命、并发症严重程度等，综合考虑来制订控制目标。
糖化血红蛋白不受每天血糖波动的影响，也不受运动或食物影响，是反映长期血糖控制水平的主要指标之一。
通常情况下，大多数成年2型糖尿病患者糖化值控制目标是＜7.0%；
糖化血红蛋白正常值为4%～6%。
如患者病程较短、预期寿命较长、无并发症、未合并心血管疾病，无低血糖倾向和其他不良反应，建议糖化血红蛋白控制＜6.5%；
在治疗调整中，可将HbA1c7%作为2型糖尿病启动临床治疗或需要调整治疗方案的重要判断标准。
如患者有严重低血糖史、预期寿命较短、有较严重的微血管或大血管并发症，血糖控制目标应适当放宽，建议糖化血红蛋白控制＜8.0%。
对大多数非妊娠成年2型糖尿病患者而言，合理的HbA1c控制目标为＜7%。更严格的HbA1c控制目标，如＜6.5%。
怎样把糖化血红蛋白控制达标？
治疗初期，每3个月监测1次，达标后可以每6个月监测1次。
特别提醒：
1.注意饮食，同时关注空腹血糖和餐后血糖，每一餐的碳水化合物摄入量要合理，防止热量过剩。避免摄入过多脂肪，如食用油、肥肉、内脏和坚果等。
患有血红蛋白异常性疾病的病人，糖化血红蛋白的检测结果是不可靠的，应以空腹和餐后血糖为准。
2.坚持运动，运动是最好的降糖药，但不建议患者空腹运动，以免发生低血糖。建议餐后1小时运动，持续30分钟左右，如步行、慢跑、游泳等，对降低餐后血糖有很大帮助。
4、口服降糖药的疗效和优缺点
3.合理用药，糖化血红蛋白不达标，跟用药不合理密切相关。每个人病情都不同，而降糖药物的种类很多，作用机理各不相同，所以应该严格遵照医嘱用药，而不应该人云亦云。当糖化值过高时，医生会建议使用胰岛素治疗。
常用的口服降糖药可分为：抑制肝糖生成为主的二甲双胍，延缓肠道碳水化合物吸收的-糖苷酶抑制剂，促进胰岛素分泌的磺脲类、格列奈类，增加胰岛素敏感性的噻唑烷二酮类，促进尿糖排泄的SGLT2抑制剂，DPP-4抑制剂等。
4.定期检查，糖化血红蛋白一般每3个月检测1次，血糖控制较好的也可以每半年查1次。如果长时间不监测，就不能及时发现病情变化。当糖化值过高时，可导致各种慢性并发症，所以要及时调整治疗方案。
糖化血红蛋白的检测值一定准确吗？
不一定，它跟如镰状细胞贫血、溶血性贫血等贫血性疾病，急性或慢性失血、脾脏肿大等，还有某些药物或补剂的过量使用，如水杨酸盐、维生素C、维生素E、利巴韦林、高海拔以及妊娠等因素都有关。
对于糖尿病人来说，糖化值也不一定是准确的。糖化值虽然不受某天血糖波动的影响，也不受运动、食物、胰岛素影响，即使在一天当中患者血糖忽高忽低，一段时间平均下来的HbA1c却可能正常。所以，有些糖尿病人是看似糖化值达标，但其实血糖波动很大。糖尿病人也不应该只盯着血糖值或糖化值其中一个，而应该综合监测。
最后小糖要说的是，只有当平时测的血糖和糖化血红蛋白值都在达标范围内时，您的血糖才是真正控制达标的~
郑重声明：本文版权归大赢家比分所有，转载文章仅为传播更多信息之目的，如作者信息标记有误，请第一时间联系我们修改或删除，多谢。<|endoftext|>di Giuseppe Poli
Il Bourdeaux ha messo a segno un grande colpo infatti François Bouchard, originario di Sherbrooke, Canada, ha firmato per due stagioni con i Boxers. Fratello minore di Pierre-Marc, che ha giocato per dieci anni in NHL, rappresenta una garanzia. François ha iniziato la sua carriera nel QMJHL (Major Junior Hockey League del Quebec, la junior elite locale) all’età di 16 anni con il Baie-Comeau Drakkar a fianco di un giocatore ben conosciuto in Francia: Benjamin Breault . Grazie al suo buon inizio è stato selezionato per l’under 17 canadese del Quebec con la quale metterà a referto 5 punti in 5 partite.
In quattro stagioni con i Baie-Comeau Drakkar mette a segno ben 366 punti. Nel 2008 passa in AHL con gli Hershey Bears, Nella stagione 2012-13 sbarca in Europa con il Madvescak Zagabria, poi in Svezia ed infine lo scorso anno con il ValPusteria dove realizza 81 punti, frutto di 39 reti e 42 assist.
Statistiche: eliteprospects<|endoftext|>در ویدیوی زیر پریگوژین فرمانده مزدوران گروه واگنر که به خاطر جنایاتش در افریقا، سوریه و اوکراین معروف شده است، در زندانی در روسیه از میان زندانیان سرباز مزدور میگیرد:
”هیچکس پشت میلهها برنمیگرده. اگر شش ماه خدمت کنید، آزاد میشوید. اگر به اوکراین برسید و بعد فکر کنید جاتون اونجا نیست، اعدامتون میکنیم.”
اینکه روسها اراذل و اوباش را به اوکراین می فرستند یادآوراقدامات پاسدار حسین همدانی است که در سوریه به هلاکت رسید. او نیز از اراذل و اوباش در سرکوب اعتراضات مردم در ایران و سوریه استفاده کرده است.<|endoftext|>Autore: Davide Cantire – Copyright: everyeye.it
L’attrice non ha fornito ulteriori particolari circa la sua storica relazione con Cruise ma ha parlato del suo carattere all’epoca.
Nel corso di una recente intervista con Harper’s Bazaar, Nicole Kidman ha parlato del periodo in cui era sposata con Tom Cruise, un periodo durato svariati anni della sua vita e che ha anche condizionato la prima parte della sua carriera a Hollywood. Kidman non si è riferita a dettagli della relazione in particolare, ma sulla sezione dei media.<|endoftext|>Ecco l’indice dei cantanti e gruppi musicali molti dei quali nascondono segreti e collegamenti con massoneria, pedofilia e molto altro.
Questo sito web utilizza Cookies per migliorare la tua esperienza. Se hai dubbi o domande riguardo la nostra privacy & cookies policy, visita la seguente pagina. Accetta Leggi più info<|endoftext|>Alberta is the 4th most populated province in Canada with population over 4.5 million people. Alberta’s population account for 11.57 percent of
|
8,548 | -1 | 2 |
ine che stimolano la crescita delle cellule tumorali.
Ma topi trattamento con Senexin A neutralizzati gli effetti cancro-portante del farmaco antitumorale, bloccando l'aumento sia nella crescita tumorale e nella produzione di fattori di crescita tumorale sostegno. Senexin A anche aumentato l'efficacia antitumorale del farmaco convenzionale.
Il bersaglio molecolare di Senexin A è stato identificato come una proteina chinasi (un enzima che modifica altre proteine aggiungendo un fosfato) chiamato CDK8 (ciclina-dipendente chinasi 8). Senexin A è il primo inibitore selettivo della CDK8 e il suo parente più prossimo, CDK19. CDK8 è coinvolto nella regolazione dell'espressione genica; cioè, il cambiamento nell'equilibrio di proteine prodotte in una cella. Diversamente chinasi più noti della famiglia CDK, CDK8 non ha un ruolo nel processo di divisione cellulare.
CDK8 era già noto a svolgere un ruolo importante nel cancro del colon e melanoma. Il team ha riportato una correlazione evidente tra l'espressione genica di CDK8 e la durata della sopravvivenza libera da recidiva in pazienti con cancro al seno e alle ovaie. Ad esempio, i malati di cancro al seno con l'espressione di sotto-media di CDK8 sopravvissuti senza la malattia circa sette anni in più rispetto ai pazienti che avevano l'espressione sopra-media di CDK8. I nuovi risultati implicano CDK8 nella produzione DANNI AGLI e senescenza indotta delle proteine cancro-portante, e suggeriscono che la nuova classe di farmaci può fornire benefici in molti diversi tipi di cancro.
La ricerca rappresenta una collaborazione tra Senex Biotechnology (a Columbia, SC, società fondata da Roninson), USC, e l'Università di Atene (Grecia), insieme a diversi altri istituti. Lo studio è stato basato sulla scoperta di Roninson nel 2000 che p21, una proteina che blocca la divisione delle cellule danneggiate e invecchiamento, induce la produzione di più proteine coinvolte nel cancro, il morbo di Alzheimer e altre malattie legate all'invecchiamento. Il team ha ora dimostrato che p21, che era noto per inibire gli altri membri della famiglia CDK, al contrario, promuove l'attività di CDK8 e stimola i geni CDK8-regolati.<|endoftext|>دکتر مسعود یونسیان در مورد وضعیت میکرون کرونا گفت: لازم به ذکر است که سویه اومیکرون بر خلاف سایر سویه ها که ابتدا عوارض و تغییرات بیماریزایی و میزان انتقال را به خود دید و سپس این عوارض را به این کشور نسبت دادند اما اکنون کشور را پیدا کرده است. که در آن تعداد زیادی جهش ایجاد شد.
دبیر کمیته ملی اپیدمیولوژی و تحقیقات مقابله با کووید 19 گفت: عدم شناسایی میکرون به این معنا نیست که کشور هنوز وارد کشور نشده است. زیرا هیچ کس باز کردن آن را همزمان توصیه نمی کند.
دکتر مسعود یونسیان در مورد وضعیت میکرون کرونا گفت: لازم به ذکر است که سویه اومیکرون بر خلاف سایر سویه ها که ابتدا عوارض و تغییرات بیماریزایی و میزان انتقال را به خود دید و سپس این عوارض را به این کشور نسبت دادند اما اکنون کشور را پیدا کرده است. که در آن تعداد زیادی جهش ایجاد شد.
این سویه قبل از اینکه بتواند تغییراتی در بیماری زایی یا انتقال، علائم یا حساسیت آن به واکسن ها نشان دهد شناسایی شد و به عنوان یک اقدام پیشگیرانه سازمان بهداشت جهانی اعلام کرد که ما آن را به عنوان یک سویه هشدار دهنده طبقه بندی می کنیم. بنابراین ما هنوز اطلاعات کافی در مورد آن نداریم، اما از آنجایی که جهش های زیادی در ویروس وجود دارد، به ما گفته می شود که مراقب باشیم.
50 جهش در جهت omicron
وی افزود: در سویه omicron حدود 50 جهش در ویروس کووید 19 وجود داشت که 30 مورد آن در ناحیه ستون فقرات ویروس بود و حتی برخی از آن جهش ها در نقطه خاصی به نام RBD یا همان ناحیه ای که به گیرنده سلولی متصل می شود.” خب، ممکن است تغییراتی در گسترش بیماری و حتی حساسیت به واکسن ایجاد شود، اما هنوز اطلاعات کافی وجود ندارد و حداقل چند هفته طول می کشد.
آیا Omicron از دلتا خطرناک تر است؟
UNESIAN در پاسخ به این سوال که آیا کشور Omicron می تواند خطرناک تر از دلتا باشد، گفت: “در حال حاضر نمی توان در مورد آن قضاوت کرد.
بر این اساس، زمانی که تغییری در ویروس ایجاد میشود که نمیتوان دقیقاً گفت که وضعیت به دلیل این تغییر بدتر میشود یا بهبود مییابد، معمولاً فرض میکنیم که شرایط بدتر میشود، در این صورت اقدامات احتیاطی لازم انجام میشود و چیزی انجام نشود. از دست دادن؛ بنابراین حدس ما این است که این کشور می تواند بدتر از دلتا باشد.
نه به این معنا که الان شواهدی داریم که این کشور بدتر است، بلکه به این معنا که اگر واقعاً از دلتا بدتر بود، مشکلی نداشتیم.
این رویه سازمان بهداشت جهانی است که در صورت وجود شک و تردید، اوضاع را بدتر می کند. در حال حاضر، در چند هفته، آنها حتی ممکن است این طبقه بندی را تغییر دهند و فشار Amicron را از یک نوع هشدار دهنده به یک نوع مورد علاقه کاهش دهند.
وضعیت شناسایی سویه های جدید در کشور
وی در خصوص وضعیت توالی یابی ژن در کشور برای شناسایی سویه های جدید مانند آمیکرون گفت: باید توجه داشت که دانش فنی و تجهیزات توالی یابی در کشور داریم و سه مرکز در کشور این کار را انجام می دهند، اما تجهیزات لازم برای «میگویند تجهیزات، کیت و لوازم جانبی کافی نداریم؛ بنابراین کفایت علمی و فناوری داریم، اما منابع و مواد اولیه کافی برای مصرف آن نداریم.
نحوه تشخیص “Omicron”
UNESIAN در مورد نیاز به نوع خاصی از آزمایش PCR برای تشخیص اومیکرون گفت: باید توجه داشت که PCR روشی ارزان تر، رایج تر و مقرون به صرفه تر برای تشخیص روکش است. مجموعه ای از کیت های ویژه PCR که سه ژن را شناسایی می کند، اکنون می تواند برای تشخیص آمیکرون ها استفاده شود.
وقتی آلفا آمد، از این کیت استفاده کردند و اگر دو ژن شناسایی شد و ژن سوم شناسایی نشد، اعلام کردند که تاج آلفا است. از این نظر، Omicron شباهت زیادی به آلفا دارد.
اکنون که در حال حاضر سویه آلفا در کشور و بسیاری از نقاط جهان نداریم، می توان از این کیت ویژه PCR برای غربالگری omicron استفاده کرد. البته نتیجه قطعی نمی دهد اما می توان از آن برای غربالگری استفاده کرد. همین مجموعه در داخل کشور تولید می شود.
با این حال، بسیاری از کارشناسان استفاده از این کیت PCR را توصیه می کنند. در حال حاضر افرادی که با این کیت آزمایش مثبت می دهند، احتمال ابتلا به سویه omicron بیشتر است. در این زمان می توانند این تست های مثبت را که با PCR مخصوص انجام می شود با هزینه کمتری توالی یابی کنند.
احتمال ورود Omicron به کشور
وی گفت: به طور قطع نمی توان گفت که Omicron هنوز وارد کشور نشده است. او ممکن است وارد کشور شده باشد، اما هنوز شناسایی نشده است».
حتی در ایالات متحده، که توالی بالایی دارد، گزارش شده است که ما هنوز نمی دانیم که آیا سویه omicron وارد شده است یا خیر. بنابراین عدم شناخت ما به این معنا نیست که این کشور هنوز وارد کشور نشده است. باید زمان بگذرد و قوام بیشتری ایجاد شود و بعد باید این را در نظر بگیریم. در عین حال باید فرض کرد که Omicron وارد تمام کشورها شده و احتیاط های لازم را انجام داده است.
لزوم تجدید نظر در بازگشایی / خطر بازگشایی همزمان
یونسیان درباره وضعیت بازگشایی مدارس، دانشگاهها و سایر موسسات و ارگانها با وجود تهدید Omicron گفت: فکر میکنم نیاز به بازنگری در وضعیت بازگشایی حتی بدون تهدید Omicron وجود دارد.
زیرا هیچ کس باز کردن آن را همزمان توصیه نمی کند. حتی بازگشایی مدارس باید دو هفته پس از بازگشایی بازنگری شود. بنابراین حتی اگر با Omicron جدید مواجه نشویم و حتی مدارس را بازگشایی کنیم، عقل حکم میکند که پس از دو هفته از اجرا، نتایج بازگشایی و فعالیتها را تجزیه و تحلیل کنند و تصمیم بگیرند که آیا ادامه دهند یا خیر.
وی تاکید کرد: در شرایطی که مدارس، مراسم فرهنگی و ورزشی و… بازگشایی همزمان با بازگشایی مدارس بدتر است و ورود ویروس جدید به چرخه گردش ویروس کرونا در جهان مشکل را حادتر می کند. بازگشایی درب ها. البته بررسی لزوماً به معنای توقف نیست، بلکه ارزیابی وضعیت موجود و تصمیم گیری مجدد در مورد تغییرات احتمالی یا ادامه یا پایان آن است.
یونسیان گفت: “وضعیت بازگشایی ما در حال حاضر همان است که در پیک های قبلی شاهد بودیم.” هر بار که باز می شدیم وضعیت خوبی نداشت و بدون رعایت قوانین بود که این بار هم از این قاعده مستثنی نیست.
کوچکترین پیامد آن این است که اگر اوج دیگری رخ دهد، حتی اگر بازگشایی آن قله را آغاز نکرده باشد، متهم می شود که همزمان با بازگشایی این قله اتفاق افتاده و بر تصمیمات آینده ما تأثیر می گذارد. هنگامی که بازگشایی به طور همزمان انجام می شود، نمی توان تجزیه و تحلیل کرد که آیا این بازگشایی ها با افزایش بروز بیماری مرتبط هستند یا خیر. بنابراین منطق حکم می کند که در این زمینه با دقت بیشتری کار کنیم.
تاج در کشور؛ هنوز در حال کاهش است
وی در خصوص وضعیت کرونا در کشور گفت: در حال حاضر وضعیت بیماری ها در کشور همچنان رو به کاهش است. افزایش سطح مقطعی که در هفته های اخیر شاهد بودیم کاهش یافته است و تاج در حال حاضر در کشور رو به افول است، اما ممکن است آتشی در زیر خاکستر باشد. بنابراین، ما باید همچنان به پروتکل های بهداشتی و واکسیناسیون سریع پایبند باشیم.
در حال حاضر اکثر افرادی که می خواهند واکسن تاج را بزنند واکسینه می شوند اما افرادی هستند که هنوز شک دارند و گاهی تمایلی به تزریق واکسن ندارند، پیوستن به جنبش واکسیناسیون به نفع جامعه و جهان است.
منتظر واکسن 100% کرونا باشید
یونسیان درباره وضعیت واکسیناسیون در کشور گفت: طبق گزارش هایی که تاکنون داشته ایم، 85 درصد از جمعیت واجد شرایط ما اولین دوز واکسن کرون را دریافت کرده اند و 69 درصد هر دو دوز را دریافت کرده اند. ما انتظار داریم که بقیه دوز دوم و 85 درصد از دو دوز را تزریق کنند.
البته از آنجایی که ایمن سازی واکسن 100 درصد نیست، انتظار داریم همه افراد واجد شرایط در کشور واکسن کراون را دریافت کنند. به همین دلیل است که واکسیناسیون بیش از حد را پوشش مناسبی نمی دانم.
زیرا اکنون هدف ما این نیست که بخش امنی از جامعه برای این افراد داشته باشیم تا از دیگران محافظت کنند، بلکه هدف ما این است که همه افراد جامعه را واکسینه کنیم. بنابراین، سقف مورد انتظار ما به دلیل آلودگی بالای دلتا، 100٪ واجد شرایط برای واکسیناسیون است.<|endoftext|>2003年，他只有18岁，当他以1200万欧元的转会价来到曼联时，他只有18岁。他不得不说，他给了他一个可以选择的儿子的感觉。曼联把他看作是一个宝藏，开始穿着它。首次登场是对曼联球迷的30分钟的胜利，但是他非常奢侈，他被称为罗纳尔迪尼奥。
罗纳尔多深爱曼联
什么是鳄红的记忆
罗纳尔多的红色记忆是他第一次在曼联踢球，不得不说他的表现非常出色，但是这个梦想开始变得困难了。三个月后，他第一个赛季只进了六个球，他的新秀生涯只进了6个球，但真正的转折点是韦恩罗尼在曼联的到来，当这对双胞胎成立后，他和韦恩罗尼非常强大。
罗纳尔多也在崛起
罗纳尔多在曼联的传奇时刻
罗纳尔多在2005年的阿森纳比赛中惊讶于世界，当时曼联在近七年来第一次击败阿森纳，他不得不说罗纳尔多在比赛中取得了世界顶级的表现，他为联合在比赛中创造了机会，电梯球是世界上第一次，最终曼联在2004/05赛季扭转了阿森纳的成熟，并在球场上表现强劲。
有一个不可磨灭的罗纳尔多的记忆
关于乌鸦红色记忆
在下一场比赛中，罗纳尔多拥有更多的火力，无数次奉献一个精彩的进球，一个进球，一个宏伟的世界进攻，使鳄鱼的巨星一步步进入7/08赛季是一个赛季的崛起的跨界，冠军联赛或冠军联赛在那一年，荣耀的冠军联赛第一，世界上最重要的表现是第一个金球奖，但并不是说，克罗斯在那个时候实现了梦想，而是目标是开始。
标签：C罗
本文来自投稿，不代表本人立场，如若转载，请注明出处：https://www.yeluncn.com/ycls/30.html<|endoftext|>硫磺是一种多功能剂，除了杀菌作用外，还能杀死和杀死昆虫。用于控制各种作物的白粉病和叶螨，效果持续时间可达半个月左右。那么工业硫磺粉产品应该如何使用？安庆市国兴化工有限公司小编带您了解：
蔬菜中使用硫悬浮液主要用于控制甜瓜白粉病，如黄瓜，甜瓜（甜瓜），南瓜等，使用时，将50％硫悬浮液稀释成200-400倍液喷雾。每10天左右喷一次。对于轻度疾病通常使用两次，对于严重病例通常使用3次。
硫磺粉化学性质比较活泼，能跟氧、氢、卤素(除碘外)、金属等大多数元素化合，生成离子型化合物或共价型化合物。硫单质既有氧化性又有还原性。如硫跟铁共热生成硫化亚铁，跟碳在高温下生成二硫化碳，常温下跟氟化合生成六氟化硫，加热时跟氯化合生成S2Cl2。硫在工业上主要用于制硫酸、硫化橡胶、黑火药、火柴、硫化物等。
农业上用作杀虫剂，如石灰硫磺合剂，还用于制医药，如硫磺软膏。古代人已认识了天然硫。硫以游离态和化合态存在于自然界中，化合态主要有硫化物和硫酸盐。在地壳中的丰度为0.048%。从天然硫矿制得，或将黄铁矿和焦炭混和在有限空气中燃烧制得。
硫磺制剂的控制效果与温度密切相关，合适的温度为4-32℃。在早春或深秋，使用浓度应高，并喷洒200-300倍液体，以确保功效。在夏季高温季节，浓度应低，并喷洒400-500倍液体，以避免植物毒性。
理化性质：硫磺有特殊气味，不溶于水。它具有几种异构体，如正交硫，单斜硫，无定形硫等。密度：正交硫磺2.06，单斜硫1.96，液体1.803;熔点119，沸点444.6，闪点207.2（封闭），自燃点232.2，爆炸下限2.3克/立方米。它是次要的易燃固体。<|endoftext|>根据丹麦货代Scan Global Logistics (SGL)本月早些时候发布的最新市场展望报告，海运、空运和铁路运输的货运市场继续紧张。
海运运价上涨，港口拥堵，可靠性下降
尽管盐田港口重新开放，但关闭的影响仍在持续，集装箱大量积压，一些船舶仍被改道前往南沙和蛇口等华南其他港口。
该货代强调说:“由于这些港口不习惯这样的运量激增，它们突然承受了沉重的负担，造成了瓶颈，最近几天堆场密度高达100%。”为确保业务连续性所做的努力也刺激了这些港口的零星关闭。
SGL强调：“整个广东地区的设备供应受到严重影响，而包括印度次大陆在内的许多其他地区也受到集装箱短缺的影响。”
海运仍然是“热门话题，目前还看不到正常的前景”，最早在2021年第四季度（Q4）之前也看不到明显的改善。SGL指出，在这场“完美风暴”中，航空公司未能提供一致性和可靠的交货期，并补充说，从亚洲到欧洲的关键通道的全球进度可靠性降至“毁灭性”的24.4%！该可靠性同比下降50%，平均船只延误近8天。
这些中断“已经对已经繁忙的贸易通道造成了重大影响”，预计将在未来几个月
|
8,548 | -1 | 3 |
大国叫什么国家，他们便称中国为china，即“昌南”，并广为流传，成为后来中国英文名的由来，“china—昌南”，“china—中国”，“中国—昌南”，那时的昌南，与中国齐名。比较了解中国历史的人，自然知道昌南古镇早在公元1004年便被闭关锁国的皇帝御赐年号而改名。但作为中国的企业人，有责任把中国古老的文化传承下去。
昌南公司，就是承担发扬中国古老文化并使之与现代时尚文化结合起来的一个企业。切入房地产、家居装潢和it电话业，都是昌南事业的重要发展计划。我们期望，昌南房产会成为受到社会喜爱，为社会造福的机构。
这也是公司独有文化传承的需要。
2、瓷器为什么也叫"China"？
早在东汉时期，古人就在昌南（现在的景德镇）建造窑坊，烧制陶瓷。到了唐朝，由于昌南土质好，先人们又吸收了南方青瓷和北方白瓷的优点创制出一种青白瓷。青白瓷晶莹滋润，有假玉器的美称，因而远近闻名，并大量出口欧洲。
十八世纪以前，欧洲人还不会制造瓷器，因此中国特别是昌南镇的精美瓷器很受欢迎。在欧洲，昌南镇瓷器是十分受人珍爱的贵重物品，人们以能获得一件昌南镇瓷器为荣。就这样欧洲人就以“昌南”作为瓷器（china）和生产瓷器的“中国”（China）的代称，久而久之，欧洲人就把昌南的本意忘却了，只记得它是“瓷器”，即“中国”了。
简：景德镇原叫昌南镇，在宋真宗景德年间(1004年)所制瓷器已负盛名，特供御用。瓷底部都写景德年制，因此改名景德镇！其后瓷器外销朝鲜日本越南，又经阿拉伯远销欧洲，皆以产地昌南作为商品名称。昌南口碑远播，洋文拼昌南不像拼音：changnan。用法文:chine，用英文:china。
英语是世界通用语，因此叫china的多。china又回译成汉文瓷器。
3、瓷器为什么也叫china
因为唐朝时，瓷器风靡世界，外国有中国瓷器贵如黄金之称，所以瓷器成为中国的代名词。简言之，就是在古代瓷器很出名，象征着中国文化，所以瓷器的英文为什么也叫"china"景德镇的瓷器很有名景德镇古代叫昌南镇与china谐音因此外国人把瓷器叫做china后来中国也叫china了不知道对不对啊老师这样讲的英文“china”这个词源头是“sina”支那的意思，过去西方眼中有两个“中国”，一个是陆地到达的，另一个是海洋，也就是“塞里斯国”（seres）和支那“sina”，拉丁文大概是丝绸之类吧，谁也说不清，但是跟中国的瓷器没关系，中国的瓷器大概晋朝才比较流行于西方。中国一瓷起源于瓷器的英文“china”因中国元代起，中国出口大量瓷器，所以西方国家对这个东方国家的唯一认知就是瓷器，因此用“china”平命名这个国家，后来为区分两个词，将china一词大写为CHINA表示中国早在东汉时期，古人就在昌南（现在的景德镇）建造窑坊，烧制陶瓷。
到了唐朝，由于昌南土质好，先人们又吸收了南方青瓷和北方白瓷的优点创制出一种青白瓷。青白瓷晶莹滋润，有假玉器的美称，因而远近闻名，并大量出口欧洲。十八世纪以前，欧洲人还不会制造瓷器，因此中国特别是昌南镇的精美瓷器很受欢迎。
在欧洲，昌南镇瓷器是十分受人珍爱的贵重物品，人们以能获得一件昌南镇瓷器为荣。就这样欧洲人就以“昌南”作为瓷器（china）和生产瓷器的“中国”（China）的代称，久而久之，欧洲人就把昌南的本意忘却了，只记得它是“瓷器”，即“中国”了。西方瓷器原本是从中国输入的。明朝的时候，大批的中国瓷器产品就开始输往西方世界。
波斯人称中国的瓷器为chini，欧洲商人在波斯购买中国瓷器也同时把一词带回了西方。后来，他们又把chini改为china，并且把生产china的中国也一并称为China。欧美人谈到China的时候，往往联想到China(中国)是china(瓷器)之乡。
4、瓷器为什么也叫“china"
据说最早是外国人来到江西，看到景德镇的制瓷业，不知道瓷器该怎么说，只知道当地叫昌南，所以就音译为“china"了。
5、瓷器为什么叫china
考古验证瓷器最早的产地是在中国，但究竟出于哪个年代尚没有准确的定论。目前人们将发掘自河南郑州商代（约前15世纪—前9世纪）的高岭土彩釉器皿作为世界上已知最早的瓷器。中国在其东汉时期发展出较为成熟的青瓷制法。
中国是瓷器的故乡，中国瓷器的发明是中华民族对世界文明的伟大贡献，在英文中“瓷器”(china)一词也有”中国”的意思。大约在公元前16世纪的商代中期，中国就出现了早期的瓷器。因为其无论在胎体上，还是在釉层的烧制工艺上都尚显粗糙，烧制温度也较低，表现出原始性和过渡性，所以一般称其为”原始瓷”。“瓷器”的发明始于汉代，至唐、五代时渐趋成熟；至宋代为瓷业蓬勃发展时期，定、汝、官、哥、均等窑名重千古；元代青花和釉里红等新品迭出；明代继承并发展了宋瓷传统，宣德。
成化窑制品，尤为突出；清代风格古雅浑朴，比前时稍逊，却胜在精巧华丽、美妙绝伦，康熙、雍正、乾隆时所制器物，更是出类拔萃，令人叫绝。原始瓷作为陶器向瓷器过渡时期的产物，与各种陶器相比，具有胎质致密、经久耐用、便于清洗、外观华美等特点，因此发展前景广阔。原始瓷烧造工艺水平和产量的不断提高，为后来瓷器逐渐取代陶器，成为中国人日常生活的主要用器奠定了基础。
中国瓷器是从陶器发展演变而成的，原始瓷器起源于3000多年前。至宋代时，名瓷名窑已遍及大半个中国，是瓷业最为繁荣的时期。当时的钧窑、哥窑、官窑、汝窑和定窑并称为五大名窑。被称为瓷都的江西景德镇在元代出产的青花瓷已成为瓷器的代表。
青花瓷釉质透明如水，胎体质薄轻巧，洁白的瓷体上敷以蓝色纹饰，素雅清新，充满生机。青花瓷一经出现便风靡一时，成为景德镇的传统名瓷之冠。与青花瓷共同并称四大名瓷的还有青花玲珑瓷、粉彩瓷和颜色釉瓷。另外，还有雕塑瓷、薄胎瓷、五彩胎瓷等，均精美非常，各有特色。
中国真正意义上的瓷器产生于东汉时期（公元25～220年）。这一时期在前代陶器和原始瓷器制作工艺发展，东汉时期北方人民南迁以及厚葬之风的盛行的基础上，以中国东部浙江的上虞为中心的地区以其得天独厚的条件成为中国瓷器的发源地。这件浙江上虞县面官镇出土的东汉时期青釉水波纹四系罐，为我们展示了瓷器烧造工艺发展的初期情况。唐代瓷器的制作技术和艺术创作已达到高度成熟；宋代制瓷业蓬勃发展，名窑涌现；明清时代从制坯、装饰、施釉到烧成，技术上又都超过前代。
我国的陶瓷业至今仍兴盛不衰，质高形美，其中比较著名的陶瓷产区有江西景德镇、湖南醴陵、广东石湾和枫溪、江苏宜兴、河北唐山和邯郸、山东淄博等。该词最早出现于清朝初期，在先前中国没有英语名称，而当时中国出口外国的物品大多是瓷器，而瓷器英文名是china.外国人则用专有名词China表示中国。
原创文章，作者：香烟百科，如若转载，请注明出处：http://cdmrsj.com/9536.html<|endoftext|>Beans belong to the legume family, which are vegetables that are the seeds of plants having pods.
Types found at local stores include Great Northern beans, kidney beans, lentils, black-eyed peas or cowpeas, green split peas, pinto beans, large lima beans, baby lima beans, navy beans, black turtle beans and garbanzos or chickpeas.
Kidney beans, often used in chili, also are great in soups, DeVries says. She says she tosses beans in salads, soups and pasta dishes for added protein.
Many types of beans are interchangeable, says Lynn F. Little, an extension agent in home economics with University of Maryland's Cooperative Extension Service.
You can experiment with different varieties in your recipes, she says.
"It's important to go in with an open mind," Little says. "You may or may not like the result."
Remember to follow the instructions on the package, she says.
Canned or dry?
Canned beans also can be considered dry beans.
The term "dry beans" is used in the industry to classify varieties other than green beans and soybeans, DeVries says.
Dry beans are available uncooked in sealed bags or precooked in cans.
In terms of nutritive value, there's not much difference between canned and dry beans, Little says.
Canned beans may contain more sodium because they have been processed, and they may be more expensive.
Counting the beans
Beans increase in popularity each year, DeVries says.
"We're planting more and consuming more," she says.
The United States is the world leader in bean production. Each year U.S. farmers plant between 1.5 million and 1.7 million acres of edible dry beans.
Each American eats about 7.5 pounds of beans per year, according to Bean Education and Awareness Network.
Beans also are the choice of champions.
Professional football players, figure skaters and U.S. Olympic team members all include beans on their athletic training tables to help them reach peak performance.
Bean Education and Awareness Network offers the following hints for preparing dry beans:
- Soak before cooking. Soaking softens the beans and reduces the cooking time. It also allows some of the gas-causing substances to dissolve, making the beans easier to digest.
- For every pound of beans, add 10 cups of hot water. Be sure the pot is large enough, because most beans will rehydrate to three times their dry size.
- Heat to boiling, then let boil two or three minutes. Remove from heat, cover and set aside for at least one hour, but preferably for four hours or more. Discard the water used for soaking the beans.
- One pound of dry packaged beans equals two cups of dry beans or six cups of cooked beans.
Please turn to BEANS, C2
- A 1/2-cup serving of cooked beans has 115 calories.
- Cooking dry packaged beans on the stovetop is one of the fastest methods. Dry packaged beans take from 30 minutes to two hours to cook. Most recipes will tell you approximately how long it takes.
- For each pound of dry packaged beans, a tablespoon of cooking oil may be added to reduce foaming and boilovers. Olive oil, butter or margarine also can be used for more distinctive flavors. If the water foams, skim it off once or twice.
- When cooking dry packaged beans, it is convenient to cook more than needed for immediate use, as the extra cooked beans are easy to store.
- If they are packaged in moisture-proof and vapor-proof containers, beans may be kept in the freezer for up to six months.
- Bean dishes may be kept about four or five days when refrigerated.
- Teri Johnson, Staff Writer<|endoftext|>Anxiety disorder can feel like a terrifying condition that compromises your quality of life. The good news is that here at The London Psychiatry Centre our expert psychiatrists and therapists can offer effective treatment for anxiety.
If you are experiencing anxiety disorder, you may have sudden episodes or long-term anxiety that infringes on your stability and peace of mind. Whatever the frequency of your symptoms, this condition can have physical as well as psychological consequences.
High levels of the stress hormone cortisol in the body can wreak havoc on the endocrine system and, in the long term, may even contribute to heart disease. You may feel permanently lethargic but unable to get a good night’s sleep. Your skin, hair and nails might feel increasingly dry and brittle. Your mind might be plagued with repetitive thoughts and/or irrational fears.
There is no need to suffer in silence. We offer a range of highly-effective treatments which can help get you back on track as swiftly as possible. You’ll receive the best possible care in a totally non-judgemental environment.
Types of Anxiety Disorders
- Generalised Anxiety Disorder: Excessive and unrelenting anxiety and worry.
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): These are generally characterised by uncontrollable thoughts and repetitive, ritualised behaviours such as repeatedly washing hands or checking mirrors.
- Panic Disorder: When a person has frequent panic attacks which are not triggered by specific situations.
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): While historically associated with servicemen who’ve been in battle, PTSD can affect anyone who has been significantly stressed by a person or situation.
- Phobias: These are often the source of anxiety or panic attacks. They’re typically triggered by specific thoughts or situations. Examples include Social Phobia or Social Anxiety Disorder (fear of mixing with people), Agoraphobia (fear of leaving your home/open spaces), Arachnophobia (fear of spiders, snakes) etc.
Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorder often triggers physical symptoms such as:
- Frequently needing to pass water or diarrhoea
- Feeling tense and jumpy
- Frequent feelings of apprehension
- Trouble concentrating
- Headaches and fatigue
- Sweating and upset stomach or dizziness
- Shortness of breath
- Tremors and twitches
- Anticipating the worst all the time
- Irritability and restlessness
- Watching for signs of danger
- Feeling like the mind has gone blank or somehow frozen
- Pounding heart and general muscle tension
Treatment for Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorder may feel like a crippling condition but there is no need to let it ruin your life. The team at The London Psychiatry Centre can help you make a solid and swift recovery.
Our psychiatrists and therapists have the skills and experience to help you get better in a relaxing, therapeutic space. They may prescribe a mixture of medication (either temporarily or long term), along with specialised and very supportive counselling.
The goal is to help patients rebuild their lives and manage the symptoms of anxiety to their best ability.
If you’d like to find out how we can help you, please call us on 020 7580 4224 and we’ll be happy to talk you through the different treatment options available.<|endoftext|>Prof. Dr. Abdüsselâm ULUÇAM
1953 yılında Konya-Beyşehir'de doğdu.
1974 yılında İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Sanat Tarihi Bölümü'nü bitirdi. İstanbul Vakıflar Türk Yazı Sanatları ve Konya Mevlâna Müzeleri'nde görev aldı.
1979'da Erzurum Atatürk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Arkeoloji ve Sanat Tarihi Bölümü'nde asistan ; 1983'te "Irak'taki Türk Eserleri" konusuyla doktor ; 1987'de Yrd. Doçent ; 1989'da doçent oldu.
Halen Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Arkeoloji-Sanat Tarihi Bölümü Başkanı ve Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürü olarak görevine devam etmektedir.
Üyesi olduğu kuruluşlar: Türk Tarih Kurumu, Kültür Bakanlığı, Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü
Bildiği yabancı diller: Fransızca, Arapça.
Prof. Dr. Abdüsselâm ULUÇAM<|endoftext|>The Cassowary Coast is known for its many picturesque beaches and we want to keep them looking this way for the sake of residents, tourists and wildlife alike.
There are a number of ways we keep our beaches and foreshores in good condition:
It is an offence to remove or damage any vegetation on beaches, foreshores, river esplanades, roads or other council-controlled land. Similarly, disposal of green waste such as lawn clippings, palm fronds, coconuts and other material is not permitted on council land.
Pedestrian access to the beach is via the designated access points. Designated beach access points help to minimise damage to the fragile beach dune environment so please use them.
Vehicles are not permitted to be driven on
|
8,549 | 0 | 0 |
沿着裂缝的混凝土移动时，各种各样的猫都散开了。向前走，一个穿着条纹衬衫的男孩把一个网球扔到砖墙上。琼斯走上前来，站在男孩旁边。那男孩没有走开。他年事已高，脸色苍老，带着一双过早失去纯真的眼睛。
为他工作的人，我们都叫他约翰。”““约翰是个黑人。..."““深色皮肤，他的头发变白了。”““其余的呢？“““休息什么？“““我所要求的。他听着，一方面，而且判断起来并不迅速。丹尼斯也知道，男人很容易让你对事情不以为然，做你的朋友，你不是他儿子的时候。“我有个女人，“海斯说。“雷·查尔斯，“丹尼斯说，嘲笑他的小笑话，因为他很高而笑。“我所说的是，今晚我有一位女友过来。”““我听见了。”
Kulaj和Ad'rul将站在后面，刀片刺到你的喉咙。我们是否不应该在一天之内返回或发送消息，它们会溅出你的血。”““你希望我们站在这里等你一整天吗？“““另一种选择是死亡，“霍鲁尔说，杰里昂对此微笑。他想知道肯尼思怎么了，如果警察抓住了他，如果他们有，他愿意花时间吗？他没有真正把整个事情想清楚，后果等等，当他在市场上和那个老人谈话的时候。只是一种冲动，真的？一点也不像计划。他没有后悔自己做了那件事或任何事，因为这样做是对的，但是。..无论什么。
露西决定参加。“我们想让你看到她死在你面前。”“你不是真的卖给我的，恐怕，医生叫道，随意地。你为什么不来接我？’沃森又来了。我希望你承认是你对生命的无谓热爱导致了你的死亡。双膝羞愧，在我面前。““没什么，“丹尼斯说。“我们很酷。”“丹尼斯不想离开。他没地方可去。伸展身体。他喝完了白兰地，把空酒瓶放在海耶斯经常坐的椅子旁边的小桌上。
““希望如此，“拉卡什泰说，“也许我们马上就要发现了。”“走廊在一条宽拱道尽头。一个警卫横跨过通道；他穿着一件深红色的锁链外套，每个环节都是戴恩的手那么大。当他不笑他的时候，那人过去常用皮带或双手打他。如果琼斯现在能看见他，他会杀了他的。但是那人已经死了十天了，十二年。在一个女人的争吵中伤了他的心，住在离他们住的地方一层的楼下。琼斯向孩子们吹口哨。他们骑着自行车向他滚过去，他们脸上充满了忧虑和好奇。
“哪里？”莱娅喘了一口气。第二艘船已经加入了第一艘船，与猎鹰在上方和右边平行，第三艘船在左边占据了位置，船尾显示还有一艘船直接在亚光通风口上方飞行。“没关系，她悄悄地对韩说，“他们是帝国TIE拦截器。”丹尼斯走近篱笆，身体向前倾，伸出他的手，这样狗就能通过链条闻到它的味道。“到这里来，男孩。是我。”“勇敢狂吠，用嘴巴抓住空气。唾液从他嘴里滴下来，他的目光凶猛而绝望。
但是自行车又旧又重，而且事情并没有按照他们计划的那样发展。至少他们有自行车。琼斯曾经向他父亲要过一辆自行车，回到五十年代初，他父亲也笑了。琼斯又问他，他父亲狠狠地打了他一巴掌，他看见了星星，就像卡通片一样。“你的舌头怎么了？““男孩摇了摇头。“我叔叔告诉我不要和警察说话。”““他说得对。”
““希望如此，“拉卡什泰说，“也许我们马上就要发现了。”“走廊在一条宽拱道尽头。一个警卫横跨过通道；他穿着一件深红色的锁链外套，每个环节都是戴恩的手那么大。一只老鼠，“克莱纳太太说，虚弱的“在壁橱里。他到那里去了。”“默默地，露茜在找自己。好，好。
反正不是他真正的父亲。只是他母亲命令琼斯记住一个人。当他不笑他的时候，那人过去常用皮带或双手打他。如果琼斯现在能看见他，他会杀了他的。”杰瑞德抬起头,凝视着在丹娜,遇到了她的目光,她回头看他的告诉他,她真的理解。”谢谢你。””她笑了。”
***当露西走到楼梯底部时，她看到摆动的挂毯，但没有医生的迹象。谨慎地，她朝它走去。一个危险的人，这位医生。他们没有对辛西娅耍过什么花招，巴尔韦尔和罗利似乎对他有帮助。单程进不退。她闭上眼睛，叫其他人来。他们都想参加这次比赛。***菲茨闷闷不乐地看着医生怀里的亚速斯的头。你带这个干什么？’“我以为这会是一个不错的打孔碗，医生说。<|endoftext|>Trama del Film:
Irlanda 1924: l'incubo di Harry e' quello di essere un albero da buttare giu' e trasformare in legno per fare le bare. Vedovo e padre di due figli, Patrick, morto durante la guerra civile, e Gus, per cui non nutre una grande stima. Un giorno gli viene in mente un'idea: farsi un nemico per riavere un po' di gusto per la vita; la sua scelta cade su George, l'uomo piu' potente del villaggio.<|endoftext|>Essential oils, which are also referred to as volatile oils, are scented oils extracted from different types of plants. And in today’s society these oils seem to be all the rave. So, why the name “essential”? This is because the oils contain the “essence” of the plant, aka the odor and or taste.
Besides their extreme popularity, oils have some amazing therapeutic and medical benefits (this will depend on the type of oil being used). Most oils can be applied directly to the skin, and some can be taken orally. Make note – DO NOT ingest or directly apply any oil before consulting/reading the directions. Essential oils are extremely concentrated and need to be diluted to safely use – called a “carrier oil”.
Health Benefits of Some Common Oils
- Oregano – helps fight off colds and the flue, supports liver function and its health, treat and reduce skin conditions (eczema).
- Lavender – improves sleep quality, promotes better concentration, hair regrowth, helps with anxiety, calming properties.
- Tea Tree – cleansing wounds, treating fungal infections, helps with dandruff, cleans pores/gets rid of blackheads and pimples, reduce inflammation and itching.
- Peppermint – alleviate nausea, headache, upset stomach, gas, indigestion, and anxiety. Also helps reduce outbreaks of cold sores and provides relief to those visible.
- Bergamot – pain relief, chest congestion, reduce fever, aid in digestive issues, mood balance, helps heal cuts and scraps.
- Eucalyptus – help alleviate coughs and congestion, muscle relaxation, helps with mental clarity, boosts energy.<|endoftext|>Per le donne in gravidanza è fondamentale mantenere un peso nella norma, lo conferma una ricerca nata dalla collaborazione fra l'Università Ebraica di Gerusalemme e l'Università di Washington pubblicata sulla rivista Circulation.
I figli di donne in sovrappeso sono più esposti a una serie di patologie cardiovascolari: colesterolo alto, iperglicemia e ipertensione. Nel caso in cui la madre ingrassi più di 14 chili, l'indice di massa corporea del figlio si innalza in maniera esponenziale rispetto a quello registrato da soggetti la cui madre è ingrassata meno di 9 chili.
Nei figli di mamme obese la probabilità di diventare a loro volta obesi o in sovrappeso è quattro volte maggiore rispetto alla media. Ad aumentare il rischio concorrono anche altri fattori, fra cui il fumo e la carenza di vitamina D.
I primi anni di vita sono gli anni in cui avviene la programmazione dell’appetito e della regolazione metabolica del bambino che ha delle conseguenze sul lungo periodo relative al rischio di diventare sovrappeso. Per quanto l’importanza della prevenzione precoce sia riconosciuta, tuttavia ci si concentra per lo più sui bambini in età scolare. Invece gli interventi per prevenire l'obesità devono iniziare anche prima del concepimento, quando avere un peso corporeo nella norma e non fumare potrebbe essere fondamentale.
Il prof. Hochner ha commentato così la scoperta: "ora sappiamo che eventi che accadono precocemente durante la vita del feto hanno conseguenze a lungo termine sulla salute dell'individuo adulto". Il rischio è anche quello del diabete gestazionale, che comporta rischi di aborti, morti intrauterine, crescita abnorme del feto, e malformazioni nel neonato. .<|endoftext|>WEBP'den PDF'e
- Adım 1: PDF'ye dönüştürmek istediğiniz bir veya daha fazla WebP görüntüsünü seçin. Klavyenizdeki "Shift" veya "Ctrl" tuşuna basarak birden fazla dosya seçebilirsiniz.
- Adım 2: Arkanıza yaslanın - WebP'den PDF'ye dönüştürme işlemi dosyalar gönderildikten sonra otomatik olarak başlayacaktır.
- 3. Adım: Dönüştürme işlemi tamamlandığında indirme sayfasına yönlendirileceksiniz. Birden fazla WebP dosyası göndermeniz durumunda, her WebP görüntüsü için bir PDF ve tüm görüntüleri içeren birleşik bir PDF belgesi alacaksınız (Orijinal dosya adlarına göre alfabetik olarak sıralanmış).
Aynı anda en fazla 20 resim gönderebilirsiniz.
Biliyor muydunuz?
Ücretsiz tarayıcı eklentimiz, tarayıcınızdan sağ tıklama ile görüntüleri doğrudan dönüştürmenize olanak tanır. Converter App görüntü dönüştürücü tarayıcı eklentisini edinin:
Animasyonlu WebP Görüntüleri için PDF'leri Birleştirir
Bu dönüştürücü, WebP'yi çevrimiçi PDF'ye dönüştürmenin en basit yollarından birini sağlar. Yukarıdaki üç adımı takip etmek sizi hızlı bir şekilde sonuca götürecektir. Görüntü dönüştürme ücretsizdir.
WebP görüntülerinin GIF'ler gibi hareketlendirilebildiği az bilinen bir gerçektir. Bu dönüştürücü hem tek bir görüntüden oluşan WebP'ler hem de bir dizi görüntü içeren animasyonlu WebP'ler için çalışır. WebP'den pdf'ye otomatik olarak birleştirme gerçekleştirir. Bu, tüm tek PDF sayfalarının size kolaylık sağlamak için tek bir PDF belgesinde birleştirileceği anlamına gelir.<|endoftext|>This post is quite nonsensical, read at your own peril.
Bertrand Russell is a fantastically interesting character, a passive-activist against the first world war, mathematician, logician, philosopher and social critic. Alongside being one of the co-founders of Analytical Philosophy, co-authering Principia Mathematica and adding to fields such as logic, mathematics, set theory, epistemology – Bertrand came up with two important arguments. They are Russell’s Teapot (the burden of proof lies with the person making scientifically unfalsifiable claim) and Russell’s Paradox (the set R contains all sets that are not members of themselves, is R in the set?). I enjoyed reading up on these two, and simply because they both start with “Russell’s” I thought I’d merge them:
Let me introduce the teapot operator into Cantor’s naive set theory. What this teapot symbol is representing in the equation is twofold: 1) There is an indisputable relation between R and R, 2) That the burden of proof [for a solution] lies with the scientific community. In this case, set theorists, to come up with new axioms and produce a better less fallible system (which they did). The teapot operator basically means “The relationship of the left and the right transcends this system, get a new one.” For example, another application could be to state that P tea NP:
Although I may be getting ahead of myself thinking that the P vs NP argument transcends todays computational theory, hopefully you see where I’m comming from. All in all it was a bit of fun to portray the ideology of the scientific method by continuously putting the onus upon themselves to come up with solutions or corrections.<|endoftext|>Orson Welles realizzò un adattamento radiofonico del romanzo di fantascienza
La guerra dei mondi di Herbert George Wells.
Venne mandato in onda il 30 ottobre 1938 all'interno della trasmissione Mercury Theatre on the Air, in cui venivano proposte letture di opere celebri.
Nell'introduzione si spiegava chiaramente come i drammatici eventi che
di lì a poco sarebbero stati narrati erano frutto di fantasia.
Nonostante questo molti ascoltatori presero per vera quella ricostruzione di
una invasione aliena. Negli Stati Uniti si scatenò il panico !
Fonte: fantascienza.com
Le informazioni contenute in questo sito sono tutelate dal diritto d'autore ma è possibile ripubblicarle a patto di citare la fonte.<|endoftext|>SEATTLE, Washington — In the early 2000s Latin America’s commodity boom led to a reduction in poverty by more than 50 million people. Around 2015, the countries’ good fortunes had turned into misfortune and the market experienced a downturn. As a result, the poverty rate rose by 1% when compared to the rate in 2012. One approach to contribute to a decline is by investing in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs in Latin America are slowly making a difference for their communities.
Although there has been an increase in the inclusivity of youth and women workers, more still needs to be done. In a recent survey in Latin America, 46% of young people aged 15-29 said that they valued entrepreneurship as empowering. Girls and women aged 15 or older in Latin America continue to become increasingly involved in the labor force. As a result, many Latin American countries are beginning to outpace other regions in gender inclusivity. In fact, many of these women are now entrepreneurs. Due to the region’s untapped potential, data has shown that Latin America is a leading region to grow your business.
Investment in Women
Like most developing regions, Latin America is realizing the importance of women in the workforce. Since women make up half of the adult population, denying them the opportunity to work is detrimental to the economy. This is especially true in terms of easing poverty and inequality.
As a result of more inclusion, women feel more empowered. In turn, women gain independence to make important household decisions and help with family support. They can help create jobs, have some influence on economic development and contribute to the reduction of poverty.
Community organizations are already doing their fair share to promote women’s entrepreneurship. But in order for all women of Latin America to realize their full potential, they need more help from policymakers. Coordinator for Mujeres Pacificas Lucía León Quimbay explains, “Governments need to create favorable conditions so women can be equal to men… They need to understand that we need a different support system to men, we need special programs because we are still discriminated against.”
Peru’s Chamber of Commerce is one legislative branch that has corresponded with the Development Committee for Women Entrepreneurs. This Committee endorses the International Forum of Women Entrepreneurs: New Challenges in the World. Additionally, their emphasis is on preparation and knowledge in various areas that include marketing, ethics and leadership.
Examples of Success
Some successful entrepreneurs in Latin America include Rafael López and Leo Prieto. The former is the co-founder of Smart Box TV and one of Chilean President Sebastián Piñera’s benefactors in the tech industry. President Piñera, a self-made millionaire, encouraged people to pursue digital development ventures and initiatives.
Leo Prieto found success at the age of 16 when he launched his first internet business, ImageMaker. He sold it in 2004 and has since gone on to develop several more tech start-ups, most of which have garnered him numerous awards. In 2008 Prieto co-founded Betazeta. The Spanish web-based network is the largest of its kind in Latin America and has more than 10 million users.
Despite the high unemployment rate for Latin America’s young population, the optimism for entrepreneurship is encouraging. Furthermore, entrepreneurship has proven to be attainable for the 15-29 age group in most regions. However, in certain regions young people still face barriers to their success. For instance, funding and legislature support is a major problem.
Even so, entrepreneurs in Latin America are shedding their untapped potential image. As governments, community organizations and corporations continue to step up and provide needed resources, Latin America’s economy will flourish as they lessen poverty.
– Kim L. Patterson<|endoftext|>Crabgrass, the bane of many homeowners, is an annual, smooth-leaved grass that forms a crab-like rosette that can grow up to 6 inches high. The grass typically emerges in the spring when soil temperatures reach 60 degrees Fahrenheit, produces seeds and dies with the first frost. But crabgrass is a tough adversary, making it almost impossible to eradicate. But you can take steps to minimize it, including applying mulch to flower beds and keeping your lawn lush and healthy.
Crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) is native to Eurasia but has spread to all parts of the United States. It has smooth, 1/4-inch-wide leaves, and when it's young it is recognizable by its light green foliage. Mature crabgrass typically has dark green foliage that forms a flat, spreading crown. Left unmowed, crabgrass can grow 6 inches tall.
While
|
8,549 | 0 | 1 |
; fakat o, Rousseau’nun “genel irade” anlayışını kabul etmez. Eğer tek tek her birey özgür iradeye sahip olmazsa, kurucu eylem despotizmle sonuçlanarak başarısızlığa uğrar. Bu noktada aslında tek bir felsefi çözüm vardır: Bizim hepimizde bulunan özgür iradeyi özdeş kılmak; o, içerik bakımından özdeş olamayacağı için, biçimsel açıdan özdeş olmalıdır. Böylece özgürlüğe, yani saf pratik akla (hepimizde yerleşik olan akılsal insanlığa) biricik meşru yasa koyucu olarak geri döneriz. Sahne şimdi yeniden düzenlenir: Bütün insanlar yasa koyar ve böylece onlar somut birey olma imkanı bakımından değilse de, akılsal insanlık olarak adlandırılan kolektif ve evrensel öznenin türsel bir üyesi olma imkanı bakımından eşitlenirler.
Her cumhuriyetin üzerinde temellendirileceği ezeli ebedi üç özgürlük ilkesi şunlardır: Bir toplumun üyeleri olarak bütün insanların[10] özgürlüğü; uyruk olarak kişilerin eşitliği ve cumhuriyetin her bir üyesinin vatandaş olarak bağımsızlığı. Birinci ilkeyle Kant negatif (liberal) özgürlük kavramını, üçüncüsüyle pozitif (demokratik) özgürlük kavramını (politik bütünün her bir üyesinin yasamaya katılımı) ve nihayet İkincisiyle yasa karşısında eşitlik olarak özgürlüğü, yani haklar olarak özgürlükleri tesis eder. Bu liste politik özgürlüğün modern yorumlarını kapsar. Bu üç ilkenin hepsi de temellendirici bir karaktere sahiptir. Onlar herhangi bir anayasayı ifade etmez; daha ziyade bütün cumhuriyetlerin, kendi farklılıklarına kayıtsız, üzerinde kurulacağı temelleri oluşturur. Çağdaş jargonu kullanırsak, bu üç ilke bir cumhuriyet inşa etmenin zeminini, yani uzlaşmayı ifade eder. Somut cumhuriyetçi kurumlar değişebilir, ama bu üç ilke ezeli ve ebedidir. Ezeli ve ebedi kelimesini kullanarak Kant bu üç özgürlük ilkesini kutsal bir düzenden devşirdiğini değil, akıldan türettiğini kasteder. Aklın yasaları ezeli ve ebedidir, çünkü onlar değişmeye tabi değildir.
Kant, iyi bir anayasanın (en iyisinin bile), bu anayasa altında yaşayan insanların mutluluğuyla ilgili olmadığını vurgulamaktan asla vazgeçmez. Daha da ötesi o, mutluluğun veya mutluluk meselesinin politikayla hiçbir pozitif bağı olmadığı konusunda ısrarcıdır. Politika (ve hukuk) özgürlükle ilgilidir; mutlulukla değil. Kant politika ve mutluluk arasındaki ilişkiye ne zaman değinirse, daima olumsuz bir tavır takınır. Mutluluk arzusu bizi özgürlükten mahrum kılar; mutluluğun peşinden koşmak demek, tam da, cumhuriyetçi anayasalarla aydınlanmış bir çağa girme umudumuzu yok etmek demektir. Salus rei publicae * Kant’ın Ahlak Metafiziğinde, iddia ettiği gibi, mutlulukla ilişkili değildir. Belki de Rousseau haklıydı diye tekrar eder Kant: Belki de ilkeller bizden daha mutluydu!
Bütün bunlardan Kant’ın başka insanların acılarına ve mutluluklarına kayıtsız kaldığı sonucunu çıkarmamalıyız. Ahlaksal bir varlık olarak insan, diğer insan varlıklarının mutluluğuna özen göstermelidir; ama başka insanların mutluluğuna katkıda bulunmak koşullu bir görevdir; buna karşılık bizim koşulsuz görevimiz başka insanların özgürlüğüne ve haklarına saygı duymak ve bu hakları onurlandırmaktır. İster aynı isterse de farklı bir ayırım olarak görülsün, bu kez görevler arasında değil de koşullu ve koşulsuz ilkeler arasında ayırım yapmak, hem Kant için hem de bizim için politik düzlemde anlamlıdır. Buna rağmen bu “öncelik kuralı”, Kant’ın tam manasıyla politik olan yazılarından ziyade erdem öğretisinde daha belirgindir. Bu kurala, iki tür görev arasında çatışma çıktığında; ama sadece böyle bir durumda başvurulur. Ayrıca öncelik, dışta bırakma ile eşdeğer değildir.
Kant, mutluluğu ihtiyaçların doyurulmasıyla ilişkilendirir. Bütün ihtiyaçlar doğa olarak insanda kök salar veya akıl ile doğa tarafından ortaklaşa belirlenir. Saf pratik akıl amaçlar üretir; ama ürettiği amaçlar doyum vaat etmez. Kant’a göre ihtiyaçlarımızı doyurmak daha açık ifade edersek, ihtiyaçlarımızı doyurmaya yönelmek bizi hem içsel olarak (yani ahlaksal bir varlık olarak) hem de dışsal olarak (yani politik bir varlık olarak) kölelik durumunda tutar. Aslında Kant üç ihtiyaç kümesi belirler; ama ne zaman özgürlük ile mutluluk arasındaki çatışmanın politik yönünü ele alsa, daima ikinci kümeye gönderme yapar. Söz konusu küme, kültürel olarak yaratılmış olan ve sürekli artan (özgürlükten daha hızlı artan) ihtiyaçları kapsar. Bu ihtiyaçlar hiçbir şekilde salt doğal ihtiyaçlar değildir; çünkü onlar aklın işbirliğiyle belirlenir; ama buna rağmen insan soyunun sahip olduğu doğal bir eğilimle karışmış haldedir. Üstelik ihtiyaçların yapısındaki genişleme, bu kökensel doğal eğilimi arttırır. Bu ihtiyaçlara zaten değinmiştim: İktidar, zenginlik ve şöhret hazzı. Daha sonraları Marksist terminolojide bu üç ihtiyaca, “yabancılaşmış ihtiyaç yapısı” adı altında yapılan göndermeler, modernleşmeyi reddetmek anlamına gelmez. Bu bakımdan betimleyici düzlemde Rousseau ve Kant arasında hiçbir fark yoktur. Her şey bir yana, kötünün arzudan değil, tam tersine kültürün ürünü olan kıyaslamadan kaynaklandığı konusunda ısrar eden Rousseau’ydu. Fakat Kant, kültürel gelişmeye daha olumlu bakar ve bu noktada Rousseau’dan ziyade Hegel ve Marx’a yaklaşır. Nitekim Kant’ın amacı, kültürel ihtiyaçlardaki çoğalmanın politik olarak zararlı olmayacağı bir düzenleme bulmaktır. Ancak Kant’ın göz ardı ettiği mesele şudur ki, kültürel olarak yaratılmış bazı ihtiyaçların ortaya çıkması ve aynı ölçüde yine kültürel olarak yaratılmış başka bazı ihtiyaçların doyurulması, tam da, özgürlük pratiğinin koşullarından biri haline gelebilir. Bu noktada Kant’ın somut politik bakış açısı, onun geniş modernist felsefi bakış açısına ayak uyduramadı. Fransız Devrimi’nin yarattığı olaylar Kant için evrensel boyutlar taşır; ama onlar Kant’ın kurumsal düşlemini etkilemek için fazla istisnai, fazla sıra dışıdır. Kant’ın politika felsefesindeki temel yarılmanın burada yattığını düşünüyorum.
Kant’ın felsefesindeki üçüncü ihtiyaç kümesi doğa ve aklın bir birleşimidir ve İkincisiyle aynı ölçüde “yabancılaşmış” ihtiyaçları kapsar. Ama onlar ikinci grubun taşıdığı bulanıklığa sahip değildir. Üçüncü grupta, bir topluluk içinde diğer insan varlıklarıyla yaşamakla ilgili ihtiyaçlar yer alır. Toplumdışı toplumsallığın tersine, burada toplumsal toplumsallıktan bahsedebiliriz. Arkadaşlarımızla bir araya gelmek, özellikle güzel şeyler ama aynı zamanda ilgi duyulan şeyler hakkında hoş sohbetler yapmak, temel bir ihtiyaçtır ve bu ihtiyacın doyurulması insanın yüceliğini arttırır; çünkü burada hiç kimse araçsallaştırılmaz ve sosyal karşılaşma kendinde bir amaç olarak kalır. Bu tür ihtiyaçlar özgürlükle çatışmaz. Fakat bu türden sosyal ihtiyaçların doyurulması, en azından Kant’ın düşüncesinde, politik mekanı gerektirmez. Bu ihtiyaçlarımızı giderebildiğimiz veya engellendiğimiz kurum vatandaşlık değil, arkadaşlıktır. Bu ayırım hem empirik hem de normatif görünmektedir. O, modernitenin fiili gelişimini açıklar ve sosyal ilişkilerin aşırı kutuplaşmasına engel olur. Flannah Arendt, Kant’ın politika felsefesinin ağırlık noktasını, özgürlüğü meşrulaştırmaktan politik söylem modeline doğru kaydırırken tam da bu ayırımı eleştirir; ama onun olumlu yanlarını da kabullenir. Arendt bunu kolayca yapabilmiştir, çünkü o mutluluğa yönelik Kant’ın en köklü kuşkusunu paylaşır, yani o da, tıpkı Kant gibi, ihtiyaçlar ve onların doyumunu politik gündemin ana meselesi ve politik eylemin temel güdüleyicisi olarak görmez. Fakat Kant’ın ihtiyaç taleplerini kamusal alanda tartışmayı reddettiğini iddia etmek zordur; çünkü Kant ünlü risalesi Aydınlanma Nedir?’de dahi özel kuramların sorgulama alanı içine girmeyen her şeyin, kamuda meşru bir itiraz konusu olabileceğini vurgulayarak tam tersi bir noktaya güçlü bir şekilde dikkat çeker. Fakat Kant, görev dışında hiçbir şeyin bu türden bir politik tartışmaya katılmak için motivasyon kaynağı olamayacağını iddia eder. Ve görev, tanımı gereği, bir ihtiyaç değildir. Bu, Kant’ın politika felsefesinde, özgürlük ile mutluluk arasında kurduğu ilişkide açığa çıkan ikinci yarılmadır. (Bu parantezle Arendt’in söz konusu yarılmayı paylaşmadığını, çünkü onun, asla, Kantçı katılıkta bir ikici (dualist) insan doğası anlayışına sahip olmadığım zikredelim).
III
Kant’ın mutluluğu politik alanın dışına atma nedenleri önemlidir; dolayısıyla ilk olarak bunu ele almamız gerekir. Çoğumuz Kant’ın mutluluk tanımını fazla sıkıcı bularak reddederiz. Aşık olmak veya mistik birleşme yoluyla kendimizden geçmek; sevip sevildiklerimizle aramızda oluşan hoş uyumu deneyimlemek yerine, biz sadece belli amaçları başarmak ve nihayetinde bu amaçlara öncelik tanımak zorundayız Kant’ın mutluluk hikayesinde her şey bundan ibarettir. Kant, şahsi olarak mutluluğun bu tür ince türlerine kayıtsız görünür, böyle şeyler çok fazla dile getirildiğinde öfkelenerek daima tepki gösterir. Nitekim Kant’ın insan doğasına karşı bitmek bilmeyen eleştirisi, insanda çok derin kökleri olan duygulara; bu duyguların insanı, hedefine ulaşmak için ihtiyaç duyduğu eşsiz yeteneğinden yoksun bırakmasına ve onu yaşamı boyunca aslında muktedir olduğu şeyleri başarmaktan alıkoymasına işaret eder. Kant da mutlu olduğunu söyleyemezdi; ama onun mutsuzluğunun kaynağı aşka duyduğu gereksinim değil, her şeyi bilmek ve en azından sistemini tamamlamak için daha fazla zamana ihtiyacı olmasıydı. Ne var ki, Kant’ın, mutluluğu, tam da Goethe’nin Faust’unda betimlediği tarzda betimlediğini ve mutluluk konusunda Faust’u hedonist arzularla kandırmak isteyenin Mephistopheles olduğunu göz önünde bulundurursak, Kant’ın kişisel karakterine daha az ve onun çağında “önem arz eden imgesel kurumlara” daha fazla vurgu yapabiliriz. Söylemeye bile gerek yok ki, mutluluk yorumu, Kant ile Goethe arasındaki yegane ortak noktadır. Goethe asla Kant’ın politik bakış açısını paylaşmaz; bu nedenle o, mutluluğu politik alanda aramayı reddeden Kantçı ifadeleri yüzünden ne övgü ne de yergi konusu olabilir.
Kant’ın birinci politik özgürlük ilkesine geri dönelim; yani: Hiç kimse başka bir kişiyi onun kendi iradesinin tersine mutlu kılmamalıdır (veya mutlu kılacak konumda olmamalıdır). Kant, insanın kendi iradesinin tersine mutlu kılınıp kılınamayacağını sorgulamaz bile, çünkü bu ilke, cevabın olumlu veya olumsuz olmasına bakılmaksızın, geçerlidir. Başka birisini kendi iradesinin tersine mutlu kılsak bile, bunu yapmamalıyız; çünkü özgürlük (yani otonomi) önce gelir. Bu, pratik aklın önceliği iddiasından çıkar. Aslında Kant, halkın kendi iradesinin tersine mutlu kılınabileceğine inanır. Pratik aklın antinomisi, bir tarihsel-politik paradoksta açığa çıkar. Kant bu paradoksu şu şekilde yorumlar: İnsanlar özgür olmadığı müddetçe kendi iradelerinin tersine mutlu kılınabilir; tam da özgür olmadıkları için. Onlar özgür ve otonom oldukları an, mutlu olmayı başaramayacaklardır: Birisi ya özgür değildir ve mutlu kılınabilir ya da özgürdür ama asla mutlu kılınamaz. Fakat bu paradoks politik bir ikileme dönüşmez. Kant için burada ne bir ikilem ne de bir tercih söz konusudur. Özgürlük, insanlar için yalnızca yasaya bağlanmaktan ibarettir. Özgür olmadan mutluluğu seçmek bir seçim değil, olsa olsa seçimin kötü bir taklididir. Kiergekaard’ın söylediğini Kantçı bir ruhla ifade edersek: Özgür olmadan mutluluğu seçtiğiniz an, aslında seçimi sizin adınıza başkası yapmış demektir.
Kant bu noktada oldukça önemli bir şey yapar: Kişisel özneden kolektif özneye; “Ben”den “Biz”e geçer. Hiç kimse bir halkı kendi iradesinin tersine mutlu kılamaz veya mutlu kılma konumuna sahip olamaz. Burada da Kant, halkın kendi iradesinin tersine mutlu kılınıp kılınamayacağını sorgulamaz; daha ziyade hiç kimsenin bunu yapmaması gerektiğini ifade eder. Halk, tıpkı bireyler gibi, özgürlük ve mutluluğu seçim meselesi yapmamalıdır. Eğer bir halk mutluluğu seçerse, vasilik aşamasına yeniden geri döner; çünkü seçimi onun adına başkası yapmış olur.
Burası, Kant’ın kendi felsefesinin doğrudan politik uzantıları hakkında uzun uzun düşündüğü noktadır. Halkın boyun eğme durumunda kalması koşuluyla, demektedir Kant, tiranlar ve despotlar mutluluk vaat ederler. Despotizm babacıldır; çünkü uyrukların en azından temel yaşam ihtiyaçlarını karşılar. Himayenin koruyucu tentesi altında durmak rahattır, oysa özgürlüğün yolu meşakkatlidir. Biraz kararsız olmasına rağmen Kant, ataerkilliği de babacılık kavramı içine dahil eder. Bu kararsızlık onun çağına atfedilebilir, fakat Kant’ın korkusuz tavrı kendisine aittir. Bütün “cinsi latif”, diye ısrar eder Kant, kendi kendini onur kırıcı durumda bırakan himayeden çıkmalıdır ve nasıl özgür olacağını öğrenmelidir.
Kant burada kendi çağı kadar bizim çağımıza da gönderme yapar. Onun kanıtı güncelliği ve ivediliği ile bizi etkiler. Totalitarizm halkın temel ihtiyaçlarını, hatta (ideolojik bir bağlama dayanan) bütün ihtiyaçlarını karşılama vaadiyle hala yandaş toplamaktadır. Tiranların vaatlerini yerine getirip getiremeyeceğini, bazı acil ihtiyaçlarımız adına özgürlüğümüzü feda etmenin akla yatkın olup olmadığını, ihtiyaçlarımızı giderinceye kadar özgürlüğümüzden vazgeçip vazgeçemeyeceğimizi düşünmeye başladığımız an, ister istemez tiranlığa giden yolu hazırlarız ve kendi kendimizi köle kılarız. Kant’ın uyarısı hala geçerlidir: Sebebi, olanağı ve sonucu ne olursa olsun, herhangi bir koşul altında hiç kimse köleliği seçmemelidir; çünkü bu bir seçim değildir. Önce özgür olmamız gerekir; ondan sonra bütün diğer somut seçimleri yapabiliriz. Aynı değerlendirmeyi kadınlarla ilgili olan ve sık sık karşılaştığımız ünlü akıl yürütmeye de uygulayabiliriz. Bu akıl yürütmeye göre, kadınların bağımlılık durumundayken, özgürlüklerini geliştirme gayretine girdikleri şimdiki durumlarından daha mutlu oldukları iddia edilir. Ancak, himaye altında kalmış olsalardı, bazı kadınların şimdikinden daha mutlu olup olmayacağı meselesinin konumuzla ilgisi yoktur. Mutluluk ihtiyaçların doyumuna dayandığı için, eğer birisi özgür bir kişi olarak değil de, bir köle olarak daha mutluysa, o insan, kulluğa ihtiyaç duyuyor demektir. Fakat kulluk bir seçim meselesi değildir; o daha ziyade kadınların seçim yapma görevinden kaçma ve bu görevi kendileri adına erkeklere bırakmasıdır. Mutluluk hakkında söylenebilecek her şey, özgürlüğü bir koşul olarak görerek veya özgürlük ilkesinin üstünlüğünü önceden kabul ederek söylenmelidir.
Bütün bunlardan sonra mutluluk hakkında ne söyleyebiliriz?
Bu noktada Kant’ın politika felsefesindeki ikinci ilkeye, yani özgürlüğün mutluluk karşısındaki üstünlüğüyle ilgili ikinci temel kanıta dönüyoruz. Birincisini “otonominin önceliği” kanıtı; ikicisini ise “evrenselliğin önceliği” kanıtı olarak adlandırılabiliriz. Her iki kanıtın da temelleri Kant’ın ikici antropolojisinde yatmasına rağmen, ilk kanıtı tamamen onaylad
|
8,549 | 0 | 2 |
i e la perdita di guadagno che possono insorgere in alcuni casi.
Dovresti rivolgerti a professionisti medici, professionisti del fitness, professionisti IT, architetti, ingegneri, progettisti strutturali, grafici e web designer, agenzie di reclutamento, consulenti e tutor in quanto questi sono alcuni dei professionisti che comunemente richiedono questo tipo di assicurazione.
4. Assicurazione di indennizzo del lavoratore : questo è un altro tipo di prodotto assicurativo molto popolare perché obbligatorio. Copre gli infortuni subiti dai dipendenti durante l'esercizio delle loro funzioni per i loro datori di lavoro. È obbligatoria per gli imprenditori con più di un dipendente ottenere questa copertura assicurativa e queste sono le persone a cui dovresti indirizzare.
5. Assicurazione sulla vita : nessuno vuole lasciare che le loro famiglie e le persone a carico soffrano se succede qualcosa di terribile in modo che non siano in grado di prendersi cura di loro. Anche l'assicurazione sulla vita è molto popolare perché alcuni prodotti consentono ai titolari di polizze di prelevare denaro e utilizzarlo per avviare attività o prendersi cura di altre esigenze urgenti.
6. Assicurazione sulla responsabilità del prodotto : molte aziende che fabbricano prodotti o offrono servizi che possono esporre altre persone a lesioni e danni di solito devono stipulare questo tipo di assicurazione per proteggere se stessi e le loro imprese dal fallimento in caso di azioni legali. Progettisti, produttori, fornitori e distributori di prodotti sono alcuni dei vostri potenziali clienti per questo tipo di prodotto assicurativo.
7. Assicurazione di proprietà : l'assicurazione di proprietà viene talvolta definita anche assicurazione di proprietario di abitazione, sebbene vi sia anche un'assicurazione di proprietà commerciale che copre i locali e le attività commerciali. L'assicurazione sulla proprietà in genere copre tutto ciò che può rappresentare un rischio per la proprietà come inondazioni, furti, incendi e intemperie.
L'assicurazione di proprietà può anche avere altre forme specializzate che puoi concentrare sulla vendita a seconda della tua posizione. Se vivi in una zona soggetta a terremoti, ad esempio, puoi vendere un'assicurazione antisismica o polizze di pericolo.
Se la tua zona è soggetta a inondazioni, sarà più facile vendere un'assicurazione contro le alluvioni; prova a capire quale disastro o rischio sono i proprietari di immobili nella tua zona più preoccupati e usa queste informazioni per ritagliarti una nicchia in modo da poter fare vendite molto più facilmente.
8. Polizze assicurative in bundle: le persone vogliono spendere il meno possibile per ottenere le migliori polizze assicurative, ecco perché le polizze assicurative in bundle vendono come hot dog. Questi tipi di polizze richiedono solo la sottoscrizione di una polizza, il pagamento di un premio unico e la copertura per una serie di rischi.
Ad esempio, l'assicurazione sulla proprietà può essere combinata con l'assicurazione sulla casa e l'assicurazione di responsabilità professionale.
Si dovrebbe considerare la vendita di questo tipo di polizza assicurativa perché tutto ciò che aiuta le persone a risparmiare denaro è generalmente facile da vendere. Oltre al vantaggio di risparmio di denaro, aiuta anche a semplificare l'assicurazione per la maggior parte delle persone che non riescono a tenere il passo con il pagamento di premi multipli per varie polizze individuali.
9. Assicurazione di responsabilità civile generale : questo tipo di assicurazione è anche nota come assicurazione di responsabilità civile commerciale (CGL). È progettato per proteggere i titolari di attività commerciali da qualsiasi pretesa di responsabilità da parte di una vittima che abbia subito lesioni o danni derivanti da locali, prodotti, operazioni, pubblicità e procedure dei titolari di attività commerciali.
10. Assicurazione per le piccole imprese : il numero di piccole imprese spuntate nell'ultimo decennio è stato molto impressionante. Vi è un numero crescente di proprietari di piccole imprese negli Stati Uniti e in genere hanno bisogno di una protezione assicurativa per le loro attività, in particolare le Politiche degli imprenditori (BOP), l'assicurazione auto commerciale e l'assicurazione di responsabilità civile generale.
11. Piani di rimborso : i piani di rimborso sono principalmente per investimenti. Le persone che sottoscrivono queste politiche lo fanno perché si aspettano di guadagnare interessi e ottenere buoni rendimenti finanziari da esso in futuro. I piani di rimborso sono come prodotti 2 in 1; prodotti assicurativi e di investimento / risparmio raggruppati in uno ed è più facile da vendere perché i rischi sono bassi e i benefici sono elevati.
12. Assicurazione di viaggio : molte persone viaggiano ogni giorno per lavoro e piacere e ci sono possibilità che si ammalino mentre sono lì. L'assicurazione di viaggio aiuta a coprire le spese mediche e garantisce che siano ben curate durante il viaggio.
Conclusione
Se vuoi smettere di lottare per chiudere le vendite come marketer assicurativo, dovresti smettere di concentrarti sulla vendita dei prodotti che ti offrono la commissione più alta e generalmente smettere di fare quello che fanno gli altri marketer. Invece, dovresti condurre una ricerca generale sulla tua area target e scoprire quali prodotti assicurativi sono molto richiesti in modo che tu possa concentrarti sulla vendita di loro stessi dandoti così un vantaggio competitivo e impostando te stesso per guadagnare più commissioni.<|endoftext|>AVRUPADAN Youtube Video
CDU: Bürgergeld 6 ay sonra kesilsin
Almanya'da Çalışma Bakanı, çalışmak yerine Bürgergeld alanları uyardı ve "İşinizden istifa edecek kadar aptal olmayın" dedi. CDU ise Bürgergeld'in 6 ay içinde kesilmesini önerdi.
Almanya Federal Çalışma Bakanı Hubertus Heil, çalışmak yerine vatandaşlık parası (Bürgergeld) almayı tercih edenleri uyardı. Heil, "Vatandaşlık parası almak için işi bırakacak kadar aptal olmayın" dedi. Heil, kamu televizyonu ARD'de katıldığı programda, kendi isteğiyle işten ayrılan birinin 3 ay boyunca sosyal yardımlardan yararlanamayacağını hatırlattı. Bakan, "Vatandaşlık parası koşulsuz bir temel gelir değildir. Buna ihtiyacınız olması gerek. Çalışmak her zaman buna değerdir; çalışmak bu ülkeyi ileriye taşır" dedi.
Heil'in bu yıl sosyal yardımlar için, daha önce planlanandan 3,25 milyar avro daha fazla bütçeye ihtiyacı var. Bu ek maliyetin; 2,1 milyar avrosu vatandaşlık parasına, 1,15 milyar avrosu ise çoğu federal hükûmet tarafından karşılanan kira ve ısınma yardımları için harcanacak.
Federal Meclis Bütçe Komisyonu'na sunulan rapora göre, 2023 yılında vatandaşlık parasının (Bürgergeld) bütçeye maliyetinin toplam 25,9 milyar avroya ulaşması bekleniyor. Bu da tüm federal bütçenin yaklaşık yüzde 5'ine tekabül ediyor. 2022'de Hartz IV için (Vatandaşların parasının önceki hali) 22,2 milyar avro harcanmıştı.
Şu anda yaklaşık 1,7 milyonu işsiz olmak üzere yaklaşık 5,5 milyon kişi vatandaşlık parasından yararlanıyor.
CDU: Vatandaşlık parası 6 ayda kesilsin
Almanya'da sosyal yardımların artan maliyetleri nedeniyle siyasi partiler arasında tartışmalar yaşanıyor. Ana muhalefet partisi CDU, mevcut haliyle vatandaşlık parasının kaldırılması ve yerine farklı bir model getirilmesi çağrısında bulundu.
CDU Genel Sekreteri Carsten Linnemann, Bild gazetesine verdiği demeçte, sosyal devletin "gerçekten ihtiyacı olan ve çalışamayanları" desteklemesi gerektiğini söyledi. Vatandaşlık parası yerine, bir işe girmeye yönelik teşviklerin arttırılması gerektiğini belirten Linnemann, "Çalışabilecek durumda olan ve sosyal yardım alan herkes en 6 ay sonra bir işe girmeli. Çalışmak istemiyorsa da, halkın onun yaşam masraflarını karşılaması beklememeli" dedi.
FDP: Sığınmacıları işgücü piyasasına daha hızlı entegre etmeliyiz
FDP Meclis Grubu Başkanı Christian Dürr, Bild gazetesine yaptığı açıklamada, "Tüm sığınmacıların işgücü piyasasına daha hızlı entegre edilmesiyle çok daha fazla insanı işgücü piyasasına katabilir ve vatandaşlık parasından en az 1,8 milyar avro tasarruf sağlayabiliriz" dedi. Dürr, bu tasarrufla da gastronomi sektöründe KDV indiriminin uzatılabileceğini söyledi. Almanya'da 2024 yılı başında restoranlarda 2020 yılından beri yüzde 7 olan KDV'nin yeniden yüzde 19'a çıkarılması planlanıyor. Dürr, sığınmacıların işgücü piyasasına entegrasyonu için dil kursları, mesleki eğitim ve iş bulma desteği gibi önlemlerin alınması gerektiğini de sözlerine ekledi.Geri Dön 15 Kasım 2023 Çarşamba Önceki Yazılar<|endoftext|>Mike Trout’un çok sevdiği Philadelphia Eagles Cumartesi günü oynayacak. Kendisi hazır bulunacak.
“Orada çığlık atacağım,” dedi.
Super Bowl gelecek ay yapılacak ve Eagles orada olabilir. Dünya Beyzbol Klasiği bir sonraki ay yapılacak ve Trout da orada olacak.
Angels’ın yıldız orta saha oyuncusu, ABD Takımının kaptanıdır. Eagles, Team USA gibi iç saha avantajına sahip. Ve Trout’un belirttiği gibi, her biri en iyi tohumdur.
Trout, 13 yıllık kariyerinde ilk kez beyzbolun önde gelen uluslararası turnuvasına katılıyor – iyi niyet için değil, diğer oyuncularla bağ kurmak için değil, oyunu geliştirmek için değil.
Trout, “Kaydolmamın tüm nedeni: bu şeyi kazanmaya çalışmak,” dedi. “Başka bir şey yok.
“Başka her şey başarısızlıktır.”
ABD Takımı, turnuvanın ilk iki sürümünü Japonya’nın ve üçüncüsünü Dominik Cumhuriyeti’nin kazanmasının ardından 2017’de kazanan WBC şampiyonu oldu. 2012 Amerikan Ligi çaylak sezonu ve 2016 AL MVP sezonunun ardından oynamayı reddeden Trout, 2017 maçlarını izlediğini ve turnuvanın atmosferini ve yoğunluğunu takdir ettiğini söyledi.
“Pişman olduğum şey buydu,” dedi. Orada olmalıydım.
Kaptan olarak bazı oyuncuları işe aldı ve diğerleri ona ulaştı. Aldığı ilk oyuncu, Trout şöyle dedi: 2012’de her biri yılın çaylağı ödüllerini kazandıklarından beri karşılaştırıldığı Bryce Harper.
Harper, Philadelphia Phillies ile sözleşme imzaladığında, bunun yerine Angels ile bir sözleşme uzatması imzalayan Trout’u işe alma sözü verdi.
Trout, Harper’a “Bak, bu birlikte oynamak için bir şans,” dedi, “ve bence bu oldukça güzel bir an olur.”
Harper dirsek ameliyatı geçirdikten sonra yok, ancak ABD kadrosunda hâlâ Dodgers’tan Mookie Betts, Clayton Kershaw ve Will Smith gibi yıldızların yanı sıra Nolan Arenado, Paul Goldschmidt ve Trea Turner gibi isimler yer alıyor.
WBC sona erdiğinde Trout, kariyerinin ilk sezon sonrası zaferini aramak için Melekler’e geri dönecek. Hiçbir büyük lig takımı, en son 2014’te sezon sonrası forma giyen Angels kadar play-off maçına çıkmadı.
Melekler bu kış tecrübeli atıcılar Tyler Anderson ve Carlos Estevez, iç saha oyuncuları Brandon Drury ve Gio Urshela ve dış saha oyuncusu Hunter Renfroe’yu bünyesine kattı ve genel menajer Perry Minasian geçen sezon Trout, iç saha oyuncuları Anthony Rendon, David Fletcher ve sakatlıklar nedeniyle çöken bir kadroyu güçlendirdi. Jared Walsh ve dış saha oyuncusu Taylor Ward.
Trout, “Perry’nin geçen yıl kaçırdığımız bazı parçaları getirerek harika bir iş çıkardığını düşünüyorum” dedi.
2021’de AL MVP’si olan ve geçen yıl ikinci olan Shohei Ohtani, önümüzdeki sezonun ardından Angels’tan serbest oyuncu olarak ayrılabilir. Trout, kendisinin ve Ohtani’nin geçen sezon WBC’yi ve bununla birlikte Trout’un Ohtani ve Japonya Takımına karşı vuruş yapma olasılığını tartıştığını söyledi.
Trout, “O her atış yaptığında ön sırada oturuyorum,” dedi. “Oldukça iğrenç. Onunla yüz yüze konuştuğum her kişi, kutuda olmak istemediklerini söylüyor. İlginç olacak. Bunu dört gözle bekliyorum. O benim iyi arkadaşlarımdan biri, bu yüzden eğlenceli olacak.”
Trout, Japonya kadrosunu “yığılmış” olarak nitelendirdi ancak Ohtani’nin kendisini takımdaki en iyi oyuncu olmayabileceği konusunda ikna etmeye çalıştığını söyledi. Cuma günü bir Zoom’da hikayeyi anlatırken Trout güldü.
Trout, “Daha iyi birinin olmasının imkanı yok,” dedi.<|endoftext|>Diamonds, even synthetic diamonds, with a yellow hue are common. I’ll tell you why it happens and how shade impacts value.
Why are synthetic diamonds yellow? Synthetic diamonds sometimes take on a yellow hue as they form because of the presence, and arrangement, of Nitrogen atoms in the diamond. The impact on hue can involve various shades of yellow or brown. There are treatment methods that can be used to make slightly tinted diamonds more colorless.
With that basic understanding in place, let’s dive deeper into the ‘whys’, the ‘hows’, and just what it all means.
The Impact of Color
Diamonds that aren’t colorless, typically have some yellow or brown tint to them. Of course diamonds can also naturally be found in dark yellows, oranges, blue, red, and other colors, with some of shades being far more rare and valuable than others.
Fancy colors aside, and with all other factors being equal, The most desirable (and expensive) diamonds are colorless. Colorless diamonds sell at a premium because they’re rare. Most diamonds have at least a slight hint of color to them. Consumers still purchase diamonds that have slight yellow hues because the coloring isn’t incredibly noticeable when paired with the right ring metal and setting (more on that later). Buyers are also willing to accept trade offs in many cases. They’d be happy to take a diamond that’s slightly more yellow, if that means they can now afford a larger diamond for example.
The Cause of Color
Completely colorless diamonds are comprised of pure Carbon. Diamonds that aren’t colorless are comprised on Carbon and some other impurities. Nitrogen is the most common impurity in diamonds. It’s not only the presence of Nitrogen that impacts color, it’s also the arrangement of Nitrogen atoms. The diamond industry has noticed convenient ways to group diamonds based on the presence and arrangement of nitrogen.
There are two major classifications of diamonds. They’re referred to simply as ‘Type I’ and ‘Type II’ (type 1 and type 2). Nitrogen is a common impurity in Type I diamonds. Nitrogen is not a common impurity in type 2 diamonds. Each of those types is further broken down into two additional sub-types.
Type IaA, includes diamonds that have pairs of Nitrogen atoms that are neatly arranged together. Evenly paired nitrogen atoms don’t add color to a diamond, so these stones are typically colorless, or near colorless. Type IaB diamonds contain Nitrogen atoms that are isolated (not paired) when they’re arranged in large, evenly numbered, groups of nitrogen atoms, they cause a yellow or brown tint to the gem. About 98% of all diamonds currently fall under Type Ia, being a mix of both type IaA and IaB.
Type IIa, includes diamonds that contain no nitrogen impurities whatsoever. These diamonds are typically very colorless. Type IIb includes colored diamonds that contain non-nitrogen impurities. Boron, for example, is an impurity that gives some type II diamonds a beautiful blue coloring. Diamonds that are orange, red, and other colors also also generally type IIb
When Nitrogen atoms are scattered through the gem in more isolated areas without grouping, or pairing, it creates a stronger yellow or brown coloring in the gem. These diamonds are classified as type Ib. Diamonds manufactured through the HPHT (high-pressure high-temperature) process are most commonly type Ib. While earth mined diamonds can occasionally also be type Ib, it’s fairly rare. HPHT is a manufacturing process that uses machines to simulate the intense pressure and heat that helps mined diamonds to grow in the earth. Amazingly, the laboratory can grow a diamond in 6 to 10 weeks, where the process normally takes millions of years for the earth to create naturally.
CVD (chemical vapor deposition) is a newer technology for creating diamonds. CVD isn’t as widely used as HPHT yet. CVD diamonds typically belong to type IIa. These diamonds are far more likely to come out completely colorless than HPHT diamonds are. Because CVD diamonds require far less electricity to make, they’re typically also less expensive to purchase.
Tests can be run using ultraviolet light and Infrared light to distinguish between type I and type II diamonds.
Grading and Communicating Color
All diamonds come in a range of color options. You can find both lab-grown and earth-grown diamonds in a spectrum of color ranging from colorless to nearly colorless with slight tones of yellow or brown, or deeper tones of those colors. A commonly used color grading scale exists to help gem professionals and consumers communicate clearly regarding the portion of value that color impacts.
The scale assigns a letter grade, ranging from D to Z, to a particular diamond based on the amount of color that it may exhibit. A completely colorless diamond receives a ‘D’ rating (the most valuable grade). A diamond that’s severely impacted by color, could be rated at ‘Z’ (the grade reserved for the diamonds exhibiting the worst color qualities).
|Color Grade||General
|
8,549 | 0 | 3 |
Originally published at TripleCrisis
While it might not seem like it now, President Donald Trump is a gift to free market-oriented economists and policymakers. His clumsy approach to protectionism has ignited a trade war that inevitably will harm the U.S. economy. When the pendulum inexorably swings the other way after the Trump fiasco, free trade ideology will return with a vengeance. This is a potential tragedy for left-leaning policy analysts who have long been concerned about the excesses of neoliberalism and argued for a more measured use of tariffs to foster local economic development. As such, it critical that we distinguish between Trump’s right-wing nationalist embrace of tariffs and the more nuanced use of this tool to support infant industries.
As a development geographer and an Africanist scholar, I have long been critical of unfettered free trade because of its deleterious economic impacts on African countries. At the behest of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the majority of African countries were essentially forced, because of conditional loan and debt-refinancing requirements, to undergo free market–oriented economic reforms from the early 1980s through the mid-2000s. One by one, these countries reduced tariff barriers, eliminated subsidies, cut back on government expenditures, and emphasized commodity exports. With the possible exception of Ghana, the economy of nearly every African country undertaking these reforms was devastated.
This is not to say that there was no economic growth for African countries during this period, as there certainly was during cyclical commodity booms. The problem is that the economies of these countries were essentially underdeveloped as they returned to a colonial model focused on producing a limited number of commodities such as oil, minerals, cotton, cacao, palm oil, and timber. Economic reforms destroyed the value-added activities that helped diversify these economies and provided higher wage employment, such as the textile, milling, and food processing industries. Worse yet, millions of African farmers and workers are now increasingly ensnared in a global commodity boom-and-bust cycle. Beyond that cycle, they are experiencing an even more worrying long-term trend of declining prices for commodities.
One of the consequences of the hollowing out of African economies has been the European migration crisis. While some of this migration is clearly connected to politics, war, and insecurity in the Middle East and Africa, a nontrivial portion is related to grim economic prospects in many African countries.
After the global financial crisis of 2007, as well as the global food crisis of 2008, even mainstream economists and policy analysts began to realize that unfettered free markets were a problem for the development of African economies, not to mention other areas of the world. As a consequence, some in the development policy community began to reconsider the strategic use of limited tariffs and subsidies to protect and support infant industries. After being demonized for 30 years, import substitution—the idea that some goods could be produced at home rather than imported from abroad—was beginning to have a renaissance.
For example, the middle-income African nation of Botswana has long mined and exported diamonds. In fact, Botswana was and continues to be the largest exporter of gem-quality diamonds in the world. Nearly all of these were exported as rough diamonds, with the actual cutting and polishing done in countries like India and the Netherlands. Beginning in 2013, Botswana made a concerted attempt to onshore some of these value-added activities by subsidizing a domestic diamond-cutting and -polishing industry. Such industries take time to develop, since you need to cultivate a highly skilled labor pool. But the payoff is more and better-paid employment for a country’s population.
While the Botswana example is still unfolding, it is worth noting that both South Korea and Taiwan also skillfully protected industries in the 1960s and 1970s before breaking onto the world stage as export-oriented manufacturers.
Now the recent Trump fiasco with tariffs is threatening to tar and feather the whole idea of fostering local economic development for decades to come unless the left pushes back with a more nuanced perspective. After the inevitable crash of the American economy, not to mention the collateral damage, the global policy community, and broader publics, will likely reembrace free-market policies because they appear to be the opposite of Trump’s racist, nationalist, and nativist stance.
This potential scenario is eerily reminiscent of what unfolded in South Africa in the early 1990s. With the African National Congress (ANC) and Nelson Mandela coming to power, one would have expected that they would have adopted left-leaning, redistributive economic policies given their socialist history and the economic divisions in the country. Instead, what ensued was the full embrace of free market policies. This remarkable shift has been attributed to a global policymaking community that deftly associated any use of tariffs, subsidies, and protection with the Apartheid regime and South Africa’s National Party. This sleight of hand allowed them to position free-market policies as the foe of Apartheid and the friend of the rainbow nation. Sadly, while these policies initially spawned economic growth, they also deepened inequality, creating a problem that continues to plague the ANC and South Africa today.
We need to be sophisticated enough to disentangle policies that promote local economic development from the horrific antics of the Trump regime. Import substitution and the fostering of infant industries are critical aspects of economic development for many countries in the global South. These policies must not forever be associated with the right-wing nationalism of Donald Trump.<|endoftext|>Down sendromu ar farklı ve benzersiz bireyler up-to-the-dakikalık ücretsiz olan insanlar Escort açık kaynak sitesi Escort komut Aralık Blog evanmarckatz beri ABD indirmek ve iyilik thats çünkü
Hackman'ın 2015 yılında we Sleept at Last adlı açık kaynaklı bir arkadaşlık senaryosunu indiren ilk albümü, A vitamini yatıştırıcısıydı, şiddet içermeyen bir sosyal olaydı-neredeyse dinlediyseniz, o gece, şu anki seslendirmesinden geçen cinsel enerji zaten oradaydı. İkincisi, I'm not Your Man, scuzzier ve daha açık bir şekilde queer-herhangi bir insan arkadaşıyla devam ettiği bir rota, Hackman'ın güzel vokalizinin metodik olarak dağınık enstrümantalların üstünde oturduğu künt, cesur bir yüz kayıt albümü.<|endoftext|>خفاش های اسپانیا بعد از چند هفته ناکامی سرانجام پیروز شدند.
خبرگزاری تسنیم: شب سوم و پایانی هفته پنجم رقابت های لیگ دسته اول اسپانیا (لالیگا) با برتری والنسیای بحران زده بعد از چند هفته ناکامی و شکست دپورتیو لاکرونیا به پایان رسید.
در مهم ترین بازی، والنسیا در نخستین بازی بعد از اخراج سرمربی اش، آیستران، 2 بر یک در خانه، آلاوس را شکست داد. لاگوآردیا (بازیکن حریف) در دقیقه 29 و پارخو در دقیقه 88 از روی نقطه پنالتی برای والنسیا و توکرو در دقیقه 45 برای آلاوس گل زدند.
با این نتیجه، والنسیا نخستین امتیازهای فصل را کسب کرد و با 3 امتیاز تا رده هجدهم بالا آمد. آلاوس هم 6 امتیازی و در رده دوازدهم ماند.
در سایر بازی ها، دپورتیو لاکرونیا در خانه 2 بر یک مغلوب لگانس شد و اوساسونا با همین نتیجه به میهمانش اسپانیول باخت.
در جدول در پایان هفته پنجم، رئال مادرید با 13، سویا با 11 و بارسلونا با 10 امتیاز اول تا سوم هستند.<|endoftext|>CERVESINA - Per lo staff del circuito "Tazio Nuvolari" di Cervesina è stata senza dubbio una graditissima sorpresa, come dovrebbe esserlo per tutti gli amanti dei motori. A girare in pista, nei giorni scorsi, è arrivato Jacques Villeneuve, ex pilota di formula 1 che ora corre nel campionato Nascar.
LA VISITA DEL CAMPIONE - Ha dominato anche ad Indianapolis
Figlio di Gilles Villenueve, pilota ferrarista tra i più amati di sempre, Jacques Villenueve è stato campione del mondo di Formula 1 nel 1997 e vincitore della 500 Miglia di Indianapolis e del Campionato CART nel 1995.
"Per noi è stato un grande onore poterlo ospitare - racconta Michele Orione, dello staff del Tazio Nuvolari - Abbiamo apprezzato la sua gentilezza e la sua professionalità, oltre al suo grande passato da campione".<|endoftext|>Oh my, had to read the comments to finally get the meaning of this sentence. I thought 'turning on the clock' meant something like 'to turn on a dime' which means to turn really sharply/in a small space, when it meant 'turning on the clock. Boy, was I confused there for a second or two (mental images of a Norwegian guy making pirouettes on a wrist watch, after discarding the image of a guy smashing his alarm clock with a hammer fist).
Now I'm thinking this might mean to put on the alarm, no? Otherwise this sentence is really weird. I can't think of a situation when one has to turn on a (digital) clock, since - barring blackouts and empty batteries - they are always on, aren't they?
I translated this to "He turns on the clock." but couldn't it also be "He is hitting on the clock." I've read the comments and still haven't found an answer that I understand fully. To me "hitting on the clock" makes sense as well. I recall several mornings as a teenager and a young adult that I smacked the bejeezus out of my alarm. Right? Not right?
"Han slår på alarmen", yes, though "skrur på" can also be used.
Technically, "å slå på" is for things with switches, and "å skru på" is for things with a knob to turn, but just like in English the distinction is getting a little fuzzy.
You could "slå på" a church bell too, but then you may be physically striking it. Though many church bells are now digital, so it really could be either.
I need help with the pronunciation here! The "sl" is alway pronounced as in slår here or not? I'm not sure right now but it seems to me that I've heard other words beginning with "sl" pronounced differently.<|endoftext|>Inizia oggi l’inchiesta sulla morte di Smiley Culture. Il musicista inglese morì durante una perquisizione della polizia a casa sua il 15 marzo 2011. Il decesso avvenne a causa di una singola coltellata al cuore che, secondo le autorità, l’artista si inferse da solo mentre era in cucina a preparare un tè.
Due anni fa, dopo il funerale di Smiley Culture, i suoi familiari e centinaia di persone manifestarono davanti la sede londinese di New Scotland Yard chiedendo giustizia e verità.
Ma l’IPCC, la commissione indipendente che si occupa dei reclami contro le forze dell’ordine, non ha rilevato cattive condotte durante le indagini nonostante lo stesso commissario dell’ICC, Mike Franklin, descriva alcuni aspetti come insoddisfacenti. “Tuttavia – ha aggiunto – non ci sono gli elementi per definire irregolare il sistema di condotta della polizia”.
Smiley Culture raggiunse l’apice del successo durante gli anni ’80 con il brano “Cockney Translation“. Nel 1984 uscì il suo singolo “Police Officer“, un brano autobiografico che racconta la storia di quando un ufficiale di polizia lo fermò per possesso di cannabis ma, riconoscendolo, lo lasciò andare.
Qui sotto trovate una sua partecipazione alla storica trasmissione musicale Top of the Pop proprio con questo brano.<|endoftext|>معرفی
امروزه با پیشرفت دانش مهندسی در همه زمینه ها به ویژه مهندسی برق، الکترونیک و رایانه ها و نیز نیاز به ثبت و استفاده ی مستقیم حجم عظیمی از اندازه گیری های صنعتی، نقش و حضور اجزای الکترونیکی در سیستم های اندازه گیری، بسیار پررنگ تر از گذشته شده اند. سیستم های ابزار دقیق الکترونیکی که در واقع تلفیقی از عناصر حسگر یا مبدل به همراه تقویت کننده ها، ثبات ها، پردازشگر داده ها، منبع تغذیه، مدار آماده ساز سیگنال و کنترل کننده های فرایند هستند، به طور دقیق وظیفه ی مدیریت اندازه گیری و ارائه ی آن را به بخش های مختلف انسانی و دیگر اجزا و واحد های مرتبط انجام می دهند.
در یک واحد صنعتی، مهندس تولید استفاده ی خاص خود را از اندازه گیری های انجام شده می برد و مهندس نگهداری و تعمیرات، استفاده های تخصصی دیگر را. همچنین سیگنال تهیه شده برای واحد بعدی می تواند حکم شروع یا قطع کار داشته باشد. مجموعه ی این شرایط، با توجه به سرعت تولید بالا، لزوم کاربرد این سیستم ها را نشان می دهد.
اجزای یک سیستم ابزار دقیق الکترونیکی و ارتباط آنها با هم معرفی شده اند. برای هر مهندسی که در یک واحد صنعتی کار می کند، آشنایی با چنین سیستمی مفید خواهد بود. در این فصل، اجزای این سیستم به تفصیل توصیف خواهند شد.
- مبدل: این وسیله، کمیت فیزیکی مورد اندازه گیری را به کمیت الکتریکی تبدیل می کند.
- منبع تغذیه: انرژی الکتریکی لازم برای تحریک مبدل، مدار آماده ساز سیگنال و تقویت کننده را فراهم می کند. بسته به نوع مبدل استفاده شده و مدار آماده ساز سیگنال، منبع تغذیه می تواند منبع ولتاژ ثابت DC، جریان ثابت DC و یا منبع AC باشد.
- مدار آماده ساز سیگنال: این مدار های الکتریکی وظیفه ی تبدیل، جبران سازی و تغییر سیگنال خروجی از مبدل را به کمیتی الکتریکی که قابلیت استفاده ی مناسب در سایر بخش های سیستم را داشته باشد، به عهده دارد. به عنوان مثال، مدار پل وتسون، تغییر در مقاومت الکتریکی کرنش سنج را به تغییر در ولتاژ الکتریکی در دو سر مدار پل تبدیل می کند. فیلتر ها، جبران سازها، مشتق گیرها و انتگرال گیرها، مدولاتورها و دمودولاتورها انواع دیگری از مدارهای آماده ساز سیگنال هستند.
- تقویت کننده ها: تقویت کننده، در سیستمی استفاده می شود که ولتاژ خروجی از مجموعه ی مبدل و مدار آماده ساز به قدر کافی بزرگ نباشد(در حد یک میلی ولت یا کمتر). تقویت کننده هایی با بهره های بین ۱۰ تا ۱۰۰۰ برای افزایش سطح این سیگنال ها تا مقادیر ۱ تا ۱۰ ولت، که با وسایل اندازه گیری ولتاژ هم خونی دارد، استفاده می شوند.
- ثبات ها: وسایل اندازه گیری ولتاژ الکتریکی هستند که برای نمایش کمیت مورد اندازه گیری به طور مناسبی که بتوان آن را خواند و تفسیر کرد، استفاده می شوند. ثبات ها می توانند به صورت آنالوگ یا دیجیتال باشند. اسیلوسکوپ ها، اسیلوگراف ها وثبات های نوار مغناطیسی از انواع ثبات های آنالوگ هستند. ثبات های دیجیتال سیگنال آنالوگ را دریافت و با تبدیل آن به کدهای دیجیتال آن را به صورت آرایه های عددی نمایش می دهند یا روی محیط های مغناطیسی ذخیره می کنند.
- پردازشگر داده: همراه با سیستم های ابزار دقیقی که دارای مبدل های آنالوگ به دیجیتال A/D هستند، استفاده می شوند و زمینه ای را فراهم می کنند تا سیگنال خروجی مقدار اندازه گیری شده را به صورت یک کد دیجیتال نشان دهد. پردازشگر های داده ها معمولاً میکرورایانه هایی هستند که ورودی دیجیتال را گرفته و طبق برنامه ی داده شده به آنها محاسباتی را روی آن انجام می دهند. خروجی پردازشگر به صورت نمودار و جدول نمایش داده می شود که نشان دهنده ی نتایج بیرون آمده از یک مطالعه ی تجربی هستند. اهمیت پردازشگر در مواقعی که تعداد زیادی کمیت فیزیکی در یک فرایند به صورت همزمان مورد اندازه گیری واقع می شوند و ثبت و استفاده ی به موقع از آنها از عهده ی کاربران خارج است، بیشتر روشن می شود. به عنوان مثال، کمیت های مختلفی که در حین آزمون جاده ای یک خودرو مورد اندازه گیری واقع می شوند، خارج از توان سیستم های دستی برای ضبط و پردازش است. در نتیجه، با استفاده از مبدل های آنالوگ به دیجیتال کلیه ی داده های به دست آمده در حین آزمایش در داخل رایانه ذخیره شده و توسط نرم افزار مناسب پردازش می شود.
- مولد فرمان: وسیله ای است که یک ولتاژ کنترلی را که تغییر(معمولاً نسبت به زمان) یک پارامتر مهم در یک فرایند مشخص است تامین می کند. به عنوان مثال، توزیع دما – زمان در یک کوره ی جوش پلاستیک باید کنترل شود. مولد فرمان یک سیگنال ولتاژی که در تناسب دقیق با توزیع دما – زمان کورهی جوش لازم است، تامین می کند.
- کنترل کننده های فرایند: کنترل کننده های فرایند به منظور مانیتور کردن و تنظیم هر کمیتی که باید در یک مقدار مشخص شده برای تولید یک ماده یا محصول در یک فرایند کنترل شده قرار بگیرد، استفاده می شوند. سیگنالی که از سیستم ابزار دقیق در می آید با یک سیگنال فرمانی که مقدار لازم آن کمیت را در فرایند نشان می دهد، مقایسه می شود. کنترل کننده های فرایند هر دو سیگنال اندازه گیری شده و فرمان را گرفته و اختلاف آن را به عنوان سیگنال خطا تشکیل می دهند. سپس این سیگنال خطا برای تنظیم خودکار فرایند استفاده می شود.
سیستم های ابزار دقیق الکترونیکی در سه زمینه ی مختلف زیر کاربرد دارند:
- تحلیل مهندسی قطعات ماشین ها، سازه ها و وسایل نقلیه برای اطمینان از بازدهی و عملکرد مطمئن.
- مانیتورینگ فرایندها به منظور آماده کردن داده های عملیاتی بدون درنگ که به عملگر امکان انجام تنظیم ها و بر اساس آن کنترل فرایندها را می دهد.
- کنترل خودکار فرایند به منظور آماده کردن داده های عملیاتی بدون درنگ که به عنوان سیگنال های پسخورد در سیستم های کنترل حلقه بسته استفاده می شوند تا امکان کنترل پیوسته فرایند ایجاد شود.
در ادامه پیرامون هر کدام از این کاربردها مطالبی بیان می شود.
تحلیل مهندسی
تحلیل مهندسی برای ارزیابی طراحی های جدید یا اصلاح شده ی یک قسمت از ماشین، سازه، سیستم الکترونیکی یا وسیله نقلیه و به منظور اطمینان از عملکرد مطمئن آنها در حال کار استفاده می شود. اجرای تحلیل مهندسی به دو طریق زیر انجام می شود:
- تحقیق تجربی: در این روش یک
|
8,549 | 1 | 0 |
兵。”王维屹的话非常坚定：“同时，做为你们的长官，我必须坦诚的告诉你们，邓西维营长已经非常明确的告诉我，我们无法得到新的补充，也就是说，从现在开始三连只有六十三个人......”
他的目光从士兵们的身上一一扫过：
“敌人很快就会进攻，从现在开始，我们中的每个人都将迸发出超过自身几倍以上的力量。胆怯的人，将无法留在我的连队。士兵们，让我们鼓起自己的勇气，为了我们的国家而战吧，一切为了德意志！”
“一切为了德意志！”士兵们的回答整齐而响亮。
“让那些英国佬光着屁股死在我们的面前！”施泰克忽然冒出了这么一句。
“轰”的一下，士兵们笑了出来，然后齐声道：“让那些英国佬光着屁股死在我们的面前！”
王维屹也笑了，谁说德国人没有幽默感？
这是王维屹和三连士兵们的一次正式见面，他也向所有的人表明了自己的态度：
在三连需要的是最勇敢的人！
不为别的，因为他想回家！
回家的第一要求，便是完成在这里的任务。
而这点，三连的士兵们是永远也都不会知道的......
阿道夫·希特勒也许是这群士兵中最兴奋的一个，当士兵们开始积极备战的时候，希特勒来到了王维屹的身边，对王维屹背的枪产生了莫大的好奇：
“中尉，这是什么样的武器？为什么我从来没有见过？”
“伯格曼ＭＰ１８冲锋枪，我们新研制出来的武器，还没有正式装备部队。”王维屹敷衍着道：“我很幸运，是第一批试验这种武器的。”
希特勒恍然大悟：“中尉，你是哪里的人？”
“雷根斯堡。”王维屹不知道自己为什么会说出了这么样一个地名。
“雷根斯堡，多瑙河边一个美丽的城市。”希特勒羡慕地道：“我去过那里，城区内大教堂耸立，教堂周围都是各式砖红色的房子，简直就是一副最美丽的风景画，我还曾经以此为背景画过一副画......”
三流的画家希特勒？王维屹的脑海里忽然冒出了这么一个想法。
“我出身在巴伐利亚边境的莱茵河河畔奥方的布劳瑙小镇，一家名叫波默的小客栈里。”希特勒并没有注意到王维屹在想什么：“我做过许多工作，但最后却来到了军队，我实在想像不出，当战争结束之后，我还能做些什么。”
“战争不会结束的......”王维屹话里有话地道。
希特勒完全没有明白王维屹话里的意思：“难道你不认为德国最终将取得胜利吗？”
王维屹沉默了下，并没有直接回答这个问题：“阿道夫，德国是否能取得这场战争，其实并不是最重要的，最重要的是，即便你离开了军队，将来也一样能够有非凡而伟大的成就！”
希特勒简直不敢相信自己听到了什么，从来也没有任何一个人能够这么样高度的评价过自己。他的脸都因为兴奋而涨红了。
“相信我，阿道夫！”王维屹非常认真地道：“你会取得成功的，而且你的成就将会超过绝大多数的人。但是现在，你所该关心的是如何战斗，并且在战斗中好好的保护自己。”
“中尉，谢谢你，我永远会记得你的话的，你不知道，从来没有人对我说过这样的话。一切为了德意志！”
“一切为了德意志！”
看更新最快的武动乾坤最新章节Www..Coｍ
温馨提示：本章节阅读完了，下一章可用键盘上的方向→来翻页，或者拉到网站底部点击翻页链接！<|endoftext|>Archive - Mar 15, 2008 - Story
The STS-123 and Expedition 16 crews spent time outfitting the Japanese Logistics Module - Pressurized Section (JLP), transferring supplies and equipment into it from space shuttle Endeavour. Marking the beginning of Japan's scientific work aboard the station, Expedition 16 Commander Peggy Whitson and Japanese astronaut Takao Doi were the first to enter the new module.
The JLP is the first component of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kibo laboratory.
Operating Canadarm2, the station's robot arm, Mission Specialists Robert Behnken and Léopold Eyharts grabbed the shuttle's boom sensor and handed it off to Endeavour's robot arm in preparation for stowage on the station's S1 truss later in the mission.<|endoftext|>作者: 乔微
类别: 都市
状态: 完结
一场权利阴谋的战场，一次意外的穿越，一次灵魂的转移。雍正爷胤禛发现八阿哥胤禩不止未死还藏匿了九年之久，愤怒之下质问胤禩是何人帮助，但是意外却把两人带到了2012年，胤禩变成了众人眼中的花花公子，而胤禛却成了一家跨国企业的幕后老板，两人带着前世的仇恨在二十一世界展开一场商业上的殊死较量。
www.adelung-kreichauf-family.org<|endoftext|>گمانه زنی های سیاسی پس از زلزله افشای فایل صوتی محمد جوادظریف، وزیر امور خارجه ایران، و احضار وی به مجلس شورا که ظریف قربان جدید نظام خواهد شد.
کمیسیون امنیت ملی و سیاست خارجی مجلس ایران، محمد جواد ظریف، وزیر امور خارجه را احضار کرد تا اظهارات وی را در فایل صوتی منتشر شده در رسانه ها، بشنود.
دادسری تهران نیز در پاسخ به انتشار مصاحبه با وزیر امور خارجه ایران، از تشکیل پرونده قضایی خبر داد.
بیانیه ای از دادسری کل در تهران منتشر شد مبنی بر اینکه “اتهام اصلی مطرح در این پرونده قرار دادن اطلاعات طبقهبندی شده کشور در اختیار افراد فاقد صلاحیت است”.
- رابطه قلبی و کاری با سلیمانی
وزیر امور خارجه در اولین واکنش خود در مورد افشای فایل صوتی که در آن از دخالت رهبر جمهوری اسلامی و سپاه پاسداران در دیپلماسی انتقاد کرد، ابراز تأسف کرد.
ظریف امروز، چهارشنبه ۸ اردیبهشت، در اینستاگرام ابراز تأسف کرد وگفت: «بسیار تاسف خوردم که چگونه یک بحث نظری محرمانه پیرامون ضرورت همافزایی دیپلماسی و میدان —به منظور استفاده دولتمردان بعدی از تجربیات گرانبهای ۸ سال گذشته—به یک کشمکش داخلی تبدیل میشود».
وی همچنین بر “افتخار رفاقت عمیق و همکاری” و “رابطه قلبی و کاری” که بیش از “بیش از دو دهه” با سردار سرلشکر قاسم سلیمانی ادامه داشته بود، تأکید کرد.
و پس از واکنش ظریف و پاسخ سخنگوی وزارت امور خارجه، برخی از تحلیلگران سیاسی گفتند که ممکن است ظریف قربان جدید نظام ایران باشد.<|endoftext|>Botanical name: Knema erratica Family: Myristicaceae (Nutmeg family)
Synonyms: Knema yunnanensis, Myristica erratica
Chinese Nutmeg is a tree 30-60 ft tall. Twigs are stout, 2.5-3 mm in diameter, striped, hairless to finely velvet-hairy. Leaf-stalks are 1-1.4 cm long, finely velvet-hairy to hairless, grooved; blade lanceshaped to narrowly lanceshaped, 12-35 x 3-5.5 cm, leathery, blunt to wedge-shaped, pointed to tapering; venation raised; secondary veins 25-28 pairs. Tubercle up to 0.5 cm. Male inflorescence is 7-8 flowered; flower-stalks 5-7.5 x 1.5-2 mm, slender to thread-like, star-shaped, bract keeled, basal to flower-stalk; bracteole annular, basal to median at flower-stalk; bud obovoid, 4.5-5 mm in diameter; tepals ovate, 3.5-2.5 mm, pointed, finely velvet-hairy; disc elliptic to slightly triangular, 1-2 x 1-1.5 mm, concave, anthers 13-14, obscurely stiped; 1.5-2 mm long. Female inflorescence 2-3 flowered; flowers nearly stalkless, bud 4-5 x 3.5-4 mm, ellipsoid, tepals obovate, 3-3.5 x 2-2.5 mm, bluntly pointed, star-shaped. Fruit stalk 8-10, woolly; fruits 1-3, obovoid, 1.8-2.3 x 1.3-1.7 cm, blunt at tip, finely velvet-hairy to becoming hairless; pericarp 2.5-5 mm thick. Chinese Nutmeg is found in India (N. West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram), Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam. Flowering: September-January.
• Is this flower misidentified? If yes,
The flower labeled Chinese Nutmeg is ...<|endoftext|>Uncertainty avoidance is something that we seem to do naturally. The fear of uncertainty has been embedded in the way we interact with our environments. We see this in our myths. The story of two children abandoned in a forest by their parents where they meet a deceitful witch – is more than just a childhood story – it also expresses the great fear of entering any forest or wood in that particular culture and time. If we don’t know a lot about someone or something, we tend to distance ourselves from that person or object.
This is also why the fear of clowns is one of the largest recorded fears people experience. They themselves embody the nature of how uncertainty operates. One of the driving factors of why clowns scare us is due to the fact that we don’t know what lies behind the mask. We don’t know what they are capable of and/or what motivates them. It is the ambiguity of the threat – and not knowing what that threat is or what it looks like that compels us to fear such things as forests and clowns. All of us experience the fear of uncertainty in some way. The marketing world relies upon this as it seeks to promise anti-aging remedies to the existential threat of death. Consumerism promises happiness because the uncertainty of a life without happiness is too daunting for any of us to dwell on. Uncertainty is terrifying for most. But, why?
Uncertainty tends to stem from our inability to control our mental experiences of events, as Doris Brothers claims, “experiences of uncertainty are continually transformed by the regulatory processes of everyday life such as feeling, knowing, forming categories, making decisions, using language, creating narratives, sensing time, remembering, forgetting, and fantasizing.”
As we can see, there are a host of reasons why uncertainty gives us a sense of powerlessness over circumstances that just arise. However, the good news, is that the collective list shared above can also work as a practical guide on how we can free ourselves from extreme levels of uncertainty and navigate the murky territory of feeling like we have some semblance of control over our lives. If we begin to use a tool like metacognition (which mindfulness meditation can help you with) – a method where we become aware of our thoughts and how they are guiding us – we can then begin building a life that is determined not to be controlled by the fear of uncertainty.
If you are experiencinge uncertainty in the time of COVID-19, we are here for you and we offer Teletherapy services. Get in touch today!<|endoftext|>Obese individuals typically suffer more medical problems than their leaner counterparts. They are more likely to be diagnosed with insulin resistance, diabetes, increased stress hormones, hypothyroidism, and sleep apnea. Researchers at the Georgia Health Sciences University in Augusta have also found the potential for something else, using an animal model. They have found that a master clock gene -- which regulates the cardiovascular system -- does not fluctuate regularly as it does in non-obese animals. This means that a key gene clock of the cardiovascular system does not work properly when obesity is present. The findings are believed to be the first of their kind.
The study was conducted by Shuiqing Qiu, Eric Belin de Chantemele, James Mintz, David J. Fulton, R. Daniel Rudic and David W. Stepp. Members of the team will present their findings, entitled, "Impact of obesity on the vascular circadian clock," at the Experimental Biology 2011 meeting (EB 2011), being held April 9-13, 2011 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center, Washington, DC.
Circadian Biology and Obesity
Humans and animals are essentially programmed to physiologically respond to a day/night cycles based on the 24-hour rotation of the planet. The body has been trained through evolution to respond to day cues by eating and perusing activities and to rest and sleep cues during darkness. Indeed, there is a molecular basis that precisely controls rhythms, a group of genes dubbed the circadian clock, including one molecule also aptly named 'Clock'.
In obese individuals, the natural circadian rhythms are believed to be disrupted. Obese individuals frequently eat at irregular times, and especially late at night. In addition, they often suffer from sleep apnea, which disturbs their sleep rhythm thus causing them to miss a good night's sleep. Shift workers tend to be obese because their physiological requirements are backwards (breakfast may start at 10:00 p.m.) and swing shift workers (who work a week on the day shift followed by a week on the night shift) are predisposed to obesity because their physiological cues "swing" back and forth thus interrupting the natural circadian rhythms.
With obesity known to affect at least the eat/sleep cycles, the researchers set out to determine whether obesity might also affect the molecular components of the clock that governs the vascular system, the system of the heart and blood vessels that are responsible for moving blood throughout the body. They conducted their research in two phases.
In phase I, they examined the circadian variation in the cardiovascular chamber of three groups of mice (lean, obese and diabetic) at three time intervals: early morning, mid-day and evening, and measured the gene expression in the cardiovascular genes during these times.
In the lean animals they found evidence of a cardiovascular rhythm. Among the evidence was the presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme helps coordinate blood flow, thus tends to be elevated at the end of the day and lower in the morning.
By contrast, they found this rhythm was lost in obese animals. For example, eNOS had either shifted its pattern, peaked at the wrong time, or was flat overall. The obese animals had thus lost their ability to control circadian variation of eNOS.
In phase II, the team used the data to examine whether the lack of rhythmic response could translate into a cardiovascular defect. They did so by examining a series of specific molecules from the cardiovascular clock genes and by measuring the acceleration of the genes in the blood vessels.
In the lean animals they found that a key regulator of circadian rhythm, a gene called Clock, was high at 7:00 a.m. and low at 7:00 p.m. In the obese animals the expression of the gene remained flat throughout the 24-hour cycle.
Conclusions and Next Steps
David Stepp, Ph.D., a senior researcher on the team, summed up the findings by saying, "Based on the results of this study we now know that obesity impairs the clock machinery of the vasculature system and that correlates with a variation in expression of cardiovascular genes and their loss of the circadian rhythm." Having identified that the Clock gene does not work in the presence of obesity, he says the team has new studies underway to help explain why.
Cite This Page:<|endoftext|>下午的那人不可能是沃尔特，一定是哪个仆人，反正没什么要紧的。中国仆人什么事情都知道，但他们管得住自己的舌头。
一想起当时那白色的陶瓷把手慢慢转动，她的心跳就会加快，他们不能再那样冒险了。最好还是去古董店，就算有人看见她进门也不会怀疑什么，他们在那儿绝对安全。店铺主人知道查理是谁，他不会傻到去招惹一个助理辅政司。只要查理爱她，其他还要在乎什么呢？
她转身离开走廊，又回到了她的起居室，往沙发上一躺，伸手去取香烟。她的眼睛瞥见一本书上放着一张字条，她打开，字是用铅笔写的。
亲爱的凯蒂：
这是你想要的书，我正打算把它送来的时候遇到了费恩医生，他说他经过家门，可以顺便捎过去。
V.H.
她按了按铃，男仆进来后她问是谁、什么时候把书送来的。
“是老爷带回来的，太太，在午饭后。”他回答说。
这么说是沃尔特了。她立刻往辅政司办公室打了通电话找查理，把刚刚弄清的情况告诉他。他停顿了一会儿，没有回答。
“我该怎么办？”她问。
“我正在开一个重要的咨询会，恐怕现在没空跟你说话。我的建议是稳坐不动。”
她放下听筒，明白他那儿不只他一个人，一时觉得实在无法忍受他那些公务。
她又坐下来，靠在一张桌子旁，两手托着脸，苦苦思索着眼下的形势。当然，沃尔特可能只是认为她正在睡觉，她完全有理由锁上自己的房门。她使劲儿回想当时他们是不是在说话，他们当然不会大声说话。还有那顶帽子，查理简直是疯了才把它忘在楼下。但为这个怪罪他也没有用，这么做很自然，而且也说不上沃尔特注意到了没有。他可能来去匆匆，把书和字条放
|
8,549 | 1 | 1 |
، تماس تلفنی، پست الکترونیکی یا در شبکه های اجتماعی با بهترین مشاوران املاک در این مجموعه صحبت کنید.
برای یک خرید مطمئن، مشاوره و بهترین سرمایه گذاری، تیم اول خونه به صورت ۲۴ ساعته خدمات خود را ارائه می دهد.<|endoftext|>I russi non sono così scemi da non essersi accorti che gli americani arrivano a ridipingere alcuni propri jet con i colori russi onde organizzare raid false flag per incolpare Mosca, e la hanno presa male.
Il governo U$A ha abbozzato l'idea di abbandonare la Siria, con la motivazione che il suo intervento militare non riesce a "stabilizzare" la zona.
Di quel che dicono gli yankee non ci si può mai fidare, ma la situazione di difficoltà è sempre più evidente: sono abituati a muovere guerra con grandi schiaccianti alleanze, oltre alla collaborazione di gruppi irregolari ed equivoci, come Talebani, Al Quaeda ed I$I$ (tutti nati come alleati e poi spacciati per nemici).
Probabilmente non si aspettavano di trovarsi di fronte ad una tenace resistenza del governo siriano, spalleggiata da un intervento russo indipendente e determinato, che individua, smaschera e combatte anche le collaborazioni nascoste tra statunitensi ed I$I$.
I segnali sembrano mostrare che la attuale parabola militare espansiva della casabiancarossadisangue è ormai giunta alla fase discendente, al declino, per cui le contraddizioni interne dell'economia diventeranno sempre meno supportate dalle conquiste imperialistiche esterne.
Il grosso problema del grande debito statunitense unitamente alla sua economia di debitocredito diventa sempre meno gestibile, e il futuro governo U$A, di Trump o Killary che sia, dovrà affrontare uno sgradevole rebus: come ristrutturare il modello americano senza più poter contare sullo sfogo imperialista, sempre più bloccato davanti ai confini degli irritati Russia e Cina, mentre la politica delle "sanzioni" che avrebbero dovuto piegare i russi fa solo ridere i polli: il paese con maggiori risorse naturali del mondo ha solo dovuto spostare gran parte del suo commercio estero dall'Europa all'Asia, dove la sola Cina è un mercato di 1.300.000.000 di individui, quasi un quinto della intera popolazione mondiale..
Non è mai esistito impero universale nè eterno al mondo, e dopo la sbornia propagandistica dell'annunciato "secolo americano" bisognerà che gli yankee e i loro alleati europei imparino a ridimensionare realisticamente le proprie pretese internazionali, per esaurimento di forze di fronte alla realtà dei fatti.
Senza dimenticare che il governo russo, oltre ad annunciare il disconoscimento del tribunale internazionale dell'Aja, per conclamata inaffidabilità, ha avviato numerose contromisure reattive alle sanzioni occidentali, in molti settori tecnologici e delle materie prime, presagendo che se gli occidentali non la smettono di provocare e creare problemi verranno costretti a pagare il conto dei disagi economici causati.
Può sembrare una sbruffonata, ma è meglio invece prendere sul serio le dichiarazioni del governo russo, caratterizzato in questa epoca dal fatto che dice cosa fa e fa quel che dice.
E il fondo internazionale eurasiatico, garantito dall'aquila d'oro (la Russia dispone di enormi riserve auree naturali ancora utilizzabili) mette e metterà sempre più in crisi l'ex monopolio planetario del dollaro come moneta di scambio internazionale.
Nel mentre che i cinesi hanno in mano enormi quote dei titoli di debito U$A, che potrebbero sempre essere impiegati come arma finanziaria vendendoli al ribasso, qualora agli americani fosse venuto in mente di giocare brutti scherzi.
Date le circostanze, ogni giorno nuovo è una occasione per smettere con i penosi bluff occidentali, e cominciare a ragionare da persone normalmente serie.
E' già tardi, ma pur sempre meglio tardi che mai.
Ci vorrà tanto per poter vedere un mondo fondato su pace, coesistenza e cooperazione tra le parti, invece della controfunzionale conflittualità del grande capitale euroamericano, destinata ancora una volta a sbattere inutilmente il muso contro il muro ?
Incrociamo le dita, è impossibile che tutti gli analisti statunitensi siano così stupidi da non rendersi conto della situazione reale delle cose, e dello stallo senza sbocchi in cui il loro paese è andato a infilarsi, trascinando con sè gli alleati, finchè non deciderà di cambiare radicalmente la propria politica internazionale.
Nonostante le miopi visioni a breve termine, è evidente che a lungo termine le relazioni cooperative sono vantaggiose per tutti rispetto a quelle conflittuali."<|endoftext|>موبنا – کمپیتای (The Kempeitai) یا کنپیتای به عنوان پلیس نظامی ارتش ژاپن در بازه زمانی ۱۸۸۱ تا ۱۹۴۵ فعالیت می کرد. این سازمان به نوعی شبیه به گشتاپو آلمان نازی بود زیرا فعالیت های مختلفی را به عنوان یک نیروی پلیس مخفی انجام می داد.
کمپیتای در سال ۱۸۸۱ تحت حکم “فرمان کمپی” (Kempei Ordinance) تشکیل شد.
یونیفورم
پرسنل کمپیتای یونیفورم ام۱۹۳۸ استاندارد، به طور معمول زیتونی رنگ، یا یونیفورم سواره نظام با چکمه های چرم مشکی بلند می پوشیدند. در شرایطی که پوشیدن لباس های غیر نظامی مجاز بود، فرد باید نشان درجه یا گل داوودی امپراتوری ژاپن را زیر یقه کت خود نصب می کرد.
نیروهایی که یونیفورم به تن می کردند یک شورون سیاه روی یونیفورم خود می پوشیدند. همچنین آنها یک بازوبند سفید روی بازوی چپ خود داشتند که روی آن ken (قانون) و hei (سرباز) نوشته شده بود که همراه با هم “کنپی” یا “کمپی” به معنای “پلیس نظامی” خوانده می شد. افسران به طور معمول به شمشیر و تپانچه سواره نظام مسلح بودند. سربازان دارای یک تپانچه و سرنیزه بودند. افسران رده پایین یک شیمشیر شینای حمل می کردند.
کمپیتای؛ پلیس مخوف ژاپن
کمپیتای که در اواخر قرن نوزدهم به عنوان نیروی زبده پلیس نظامی برای ارتش ژاپن سازماندهی شد، به یک نیروی امنیتی مخوف تبدیل شد که وظایفی فراتر از نظارت و کنترل ارتش بر عهده داشت.
از جمله مسئولیت های آنها اجرای خدمت اجباری بود که در زمان معرفی با مقاومت هایی در ژاپن مواجه شد. این مساله به ویژه در مناطق روستایی که در آن سربازگیری از مردان جوان برای خانواده های کشاورز دشواری های زیادی ایجاد می کرد، مشهودتر بود.
کمپیتای همچنین فعالیت های جاسوسی نظامی و ضد جاسوسی انجام می داد. کمپیتای اغلب بر فعالیت های پلیس معمولی ارجحیت داشت زیرا شرایط ژاپن در زمان جنگ جهانی دوم به اندازه ای نظامی شده بود که بسیاری از موارد نقض قانون و نظم تحت صلاحیت رسیدگی توسط پلیس نظامی قرار می گرفت.
فعالیت در کشورهای دیگر
در زمان جنگ بیش از ۱۰ هزار افسر و سرباز کمپیتای درون مرزهای ژاپن فعالیت می کردند و غیرنظامیان و همچنین سربازان را زیر نظر داشتند. کمپیتای کنترل و سرکوب شدیدتری بر مردم کشورهای تحت اشغال ژاپن مانند کره، منچوری، چین و اندونزی اعمال می کرد.
در کشورهای اشغالی، افسران کمپیتای از اختیارات گسترده ای برخوردار بودند که از آن جمله می توان به حق بازداشت، محکوم کردن و اعدام غیرنظامیان مظنون و همچنین اسرای جنگی که از دستورات سرپیچی کرده یا برای فرار تلاش می کردند، اشاره کرد.
شکنجه یکی از ابزارهای نیروهای کیمپتای برای اعتراف گیری بود. نیروهای پلیس نظامی ژاپن اغلب خیلی سریع رفتار خشونت آمیز با مظنونان را آغاز می کردند تا در کوتاه ترین زمان به نتیجه برسند.
بسیاری از افرادی که در کشورهای تحت اشغال ژاپن توسط پلیس نظامی این کشور دستگیر می شدند، سرنوشتی جز مرگ نداشتند. بر اساس آموزه هایی که ریشه در دوران سامورایی ها داشتند، سربازان ژاپنی نه تنها باید تا سر حد مرگ برای امپراتور خود می جنگیدند، بلکه باید با افرادی که با نظام امپراتوری این کشور وارد جنگ شده نیز برخورد کرده و آنها را بکشند.
نیروهای کمپیتای زنان را در کشورهای اشغالی مجبور می کردند تا به عنوان روسپی برای سربازان ژاپنی خدمت کنند. کیمپتای همچنین در شکل گیری واحد ۷۳۱ نقش داشت. این واحد از غیرنظامیان و اسرای جنگی به عنوان موش های آزمایشگاهی در آزمایشهای پزشکی خطرناک استفاده می کرد.<|endoftext|>Questo sito web contiene assortimento di immagini e foto colorare i bambini Vi presentiamo molti stili di immagini: animali, cartoni animati, fiori , frutta, carattere , case, trasporti, attività sportive e molti altri fotografie kinfolk con il mondo dei bambini.
Colorare Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa è un modo eccellente per intrattenere i bambini in una giornata piovosa o in un viaggio. Una volta che i bambini capiscono le basi, possono colorare i loro cuori con poca supervisione richiesta dai genitori, dalle madri e dai papà e dalle mamme e dai papà. Oltre a occupare il tempo e l'immaginazione di un bambino, la manipolazione delle matite può preparare il cervello e le mani del bambino. bambino con le abilità per imparare a scrivere. Sebbene un adulto possa sentire che il cielo deve sempre essere blu e che l'erba è verde, un bambino sperimenterà i colori Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa. Assicurati di mostrare l'orgoglio di tuo figlio nel creare un punto sul frigorifero per la sua migliore opera d'arte.
Tuttavia , consolazione quando concezione Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa, resto tra la lista di cose che può essere molto interessato Ansioso. Un esempio è , aggiustando Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa configurazioni, assicurati che un chic e moderno stampa . Non essere soddisfatto di questo, piano è allo stesso modo benefico per ottimizzare la funzione Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa Funzione.
Uno dei vantaggi dell'insegnamento ai bambini Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa per identificare colori diversi. Mentre ogni bambino dovrebbe conoscere i colori di fondazione rosso, verde, blu, rosa, giallo, ci sono buone ragioni per insegnargli i nomi di tonalità in aggiunta oscuro. Confrontando diversi gruppi linguistici, gli scienziati hanno dimostrato che se una lingua non ha un nome di colore, l'oratore dovrebbe avere altro per distinguere le stesse tonalità di colore. Se un bambino non impara mai a riconoscere la differenza tra un bianco brillante e un guscio d'uovo (o rosa e rosa, fucsia e rosso), potrebbe non essere mai in grado di diventare un adulto per distinguerli. Discutere e sottolineare le sottili differenze tra le grandi scatole di matite è quindi un'importante opportunità cognitiva. Quando un bambino sta colorando Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa è spesso tecniche competenze. Nonostante tutto , il colore è un eccellente azione chi può aiutare piccoli bambini abilità competenze. Corretto miglioramento dei loro alta qualità motore abilità può aiutare figli dopo quando impara cose come comporre , vestito e potenza . il 1 esperienza lavorativa in Conoscere commento strumento. Un bambino Studio comment dipingere nel ceppi di a foglio da colorare insegna la coordinazione occhio-mano e focus che può aiutare profitto come loro sono costruire la loro creazione skills competenze. Quando piccoli bambini avere la capacità di color nel tracce il est un elemento essenziale Passaggio importante.<|endoftext|>When applying to Independent Schools, ISEE test scores truly matter and hold a lot of weight when being considered for admission. Admissions officers say that there is a cutoff score that they require for admission. In order to prepare your child for the Private School Admission Test, it is important to start test preparation early, and working with a private tutor ensures that your child will learn the test-taking strategies necessary for maximum score improvement.
Standardized admissions tests are part of the drill in most private school admissions offices. Why is that? Because the school needs to know what you know and don’t know academically.
The SSAT and ISEE are the two most commonly used admissions tests. They measure your language and math skills. How do the admissions offices use the test scores which the testing organizations send them? Largely for comparison purposes. For example, if a school has an applicant pool with an average verbal score of 600 and yours is 700, you will be at the top of the list in that one aspect of all the factors the school looks at. Conversely, if your quantitative score is 550 and the pool average is 750, you will be at or near the bottom of the list in that comparison.
Bear in mind that the admissions office looks at many things when it reviews your application. If teacher recommendations corroborate the test score results, that is a very strong plus or minus for you. For example, if you scored well in the verbal section of the SSAT and your teacher writes glowing comments about your language arts skills, that will improve your chances significantly. The reverse is also true. A poor quantitative score combined with a weak or vague reference from your math teacher (“Johnny has challenges with his math lessons.”) won’t help your case.<|endoftext|>15 Kasım 2021’de ABD’li yetkililer, Dünya yakınlarında yörüngede tehlikeli yeni bir enkaz alanı tespit ettiklerini açıkladılar. Günün ilerleyen saatlerinde, Rusya’nın bir uydu karşıtı silah testinde eski uydularından birini imha ettiği doğrulandı. Wendy Whitman Cobb bir uzay güvenliği araştırmacısıdır. Bu silahların ne olduğunu ve yarattıkları enkazın neden şimdi ve gelecekte bir sorun olacağını açıklıyor.
Biz ne biliyoruz?
Rusya, eski uydularından birini yok eden bir uydu karşıtı test başlattı. Uydu parçalandı ve yörüngede, boyutları küçük beneklerden birkaç metre çapındaki parçalara kadar değişen binlerce parça enkaz yarattı. Bu uzay çöpü, yıllarca yörüngede kalacak ve potansiyel olarak Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu’nun yanı sıra diğer uydularla da çarpışacak. Uzay istasyonu mürettebatı, enkaz bulutunun yanından geçerken zaten bir yere sığınmak zorunda kaldı.
Uydu karşıtı silah nedir?
Yaygın olarak ASAT olarak adlandırılan uydu karşıtı silahlar, yörüngedeki bir uyduyu geçici olarak bozabilen veya kalıcı olarak yok edebilen herhangi bir silahtır. Rusya’nın az önce test ettiği, doğrudan yükselen bir kinetik uydu karşıtı silah olarak biliniyor. Bunlar genellikle yerden veya bir uçağın kanatlarından fırlatılır ve yüksek hızlarda uydulara çarparak onları yok eder.
Eş yörüngeli anti-uydu silahları olarak adlandırılan benzer bir silah türü, önce yörüngeye fırlatılır ve daha sonra hedeflenen uydu ile uzaydan çarpışmak için yön değiştirir.
Üçüncü tip, kinetik olmayan uydu karşıtı silahlar, uyduları fiziksel olarak çarpışmadan bozmak için lazerler gibi teknolojiyi kullanır.
Uzay ajansları 1960’lardan beri uydu karşıtı silahlar geliştiriyor ve test ediyor. Bugüne kadar ABD, Rusya, Çin ve Hindistan, GPS, iletişim ve hava tahmini gibi hizmetleri destekleyen yörüngedeki uydulara saldırma yeteneğini gösterdi.
Enkaz neden bir sorundur?
Nedeni ne olursa olsun, uzay enkazı ciddi bir sorundur.
Daha büyük parçaların izlenmesi ve önlenmesi daha kolaydır, ancak 4 inçten (10 santimetre) daha küçük parçaları izlemek zordur. Küçük enkaz bile yine de büyük bir tehdit oluşturabilir. Uzay enkazı genellikle Dünya çevresinde 17.000 milden daha hızlı hareket eder. Bu hızda, enkaz parçaları çarpıştığı herhangi bir uzay aracını veya uyduyu yok edebilir. 1980’lerde, bir Sovyet uydusu şüpheli bir enkaz saldırısı sonucu dağıldı.
Daha da endişe verici olanı, insanlı uzay görevlerine yönelik enkaz tehlikesidir. Temmuz 2021’de, Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu’nun robotik kollarından birine, kolun bir kısmından 0,2 inç (0,5 cm) delik açan bir parça enkaz çarptı. Hasarın düzeltilmesi gerekmese de, yetkililer bunu şanslı bir grev olarak nitelendirdi – istasyonun farklı bir bölümünü vurmuş olsaydı, durum çok daha kötü olabilirdi.
Uzay enkazı da Dünya’daki insanlar için önemli bir tehdittir. Uydular, GPS, iletişim ve hava durumu verileri aracılığıyla küresel ekonomide hayati bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu tür hizmetler kesintiye uğrarsa, önemli ekonomik maliyetler olacaktır. Bir çalışma, bir GPS kesintisinin ABD’ye günde 1 milyar dolara mal olabileceğini buldu.
Şu anda, eski roket gövdeleri, ölü uydular, önceki çarpışmalardan ve testlerden kalma enkaz ve astr
|
8,549 | 1 | 2 |
hood—applies only to the administration of tithing (verse 12). Since the tithing law predates the Levitical priesthood, and is thus still in force, tithes are now to be given to Jesus Christ, our High Priest, for use by the church. The church is commissioned to preach the gospel free of charge. The tithe pays for this important responsibility.
7. Does God bestow blessings on those who tithe—and withhold them from those who do not? Proverbs 3:9-10; II Corinthians 9:7; Acts 20:35; Malachi 3:8-12.
Comment: When we give God back the tithe that is His to begin with, He blesses us abundantly spiritually and physically. Notice that God says He commands tithes so "that there may be food in My house" (Malachi 3:10). Tithes are primarily used to feed His people spiritually! If we support the work God is doing through His faithful ministers, He promises to bless us far above anything we could imagine (Ephesians 3:20-21)!<|endoftext|>Top Definition
When you are hanging out usually with a ukulele and/or a hammock.
Dude I was totally hanging out "peachy goat" status yesterday.
Motmaker tarafından 12 Ekim 2011, Çarşamba
ücretsiz Günün Sokak Argosunu her sabah almak için aşağıya email adresinizi yazın
Emailler, firstname.lastname@example.org adresinden gönderilir. Asla spam mail göndermeyiz.×<|endoftext|>ChatGPT最新综述
概述
过去的方法存在问题，ChatGPT提供了创新的解决方案。ChatGPT采用了玻璃盒和黑盒两种视角，分别从技术的内部运作和作为复杂系统的输入、输出和影响进行考察。这为对该技术进行全面探索提供了道路，并为进一步的研究和实验提供了路线图。
本文提出了ChatGPT的研究方法，包括对技术的组成部分和基础元素以及应用、影响和推演进行的玻璃盒和黑盒分析。此外，还列出了关于大语言模型和生成人工智能的基础文献，阐明了它们与ChatGPT的关系。
该方法在教育、研究、医疗保健、金融等领域具有广泛的应用和重要的关注点。性能结果能够支持他们的目标，但具体任务和性能未在摘要中提及。
重要问题探讨
1.在现有的研究中，有没有关于ChatGPT内部工作原理的透彻解析？如有，这些研究进展到了什么程度？如果没有，我们如何更好地理解ChatGPT的工作原理？
在该文献综述中，研究人员提到了“玻璃盒”方法，旨在深入了解ChatGPT的内部工作原理，以及“黑盒”方法，将ChatGPT视为复杂系统，并研究其输入、输出和效果。这个综述可能没有提到具体的研究进展，但这表明确实存在对ChatGPT内部工作原理的透彻解析的研究。然而，鉴于ChatGPT是OpenAI的商业产品，一些内部细节可能受到限制，可能没有完全公开的详细解析。更好地理解ChatGPT的工作原理可能需要进一步的深入研究和探索。
2.这篇综述提到了ChatGPT在教育、研究、医疗保健、金融等领域的广泛应用，但对于每个领域具体的应用案例有没有进行更详细的阐述？
在综述部分，研究人员提到了ChatGPT在教育、研究、医疗保健、金融等领域的应用。然而，由于这是一篇综述论文，没有提供具体的应用案例或详细的阐述。读者可以进一步研究这些特定领域的相关文献，以了解更多有关ChatGPT在这些领域中具体应用的案例和研究成果。
3.综述中提到了ChatGPT在广泛的公众交互中发挥了关键作用，但这个交互的范围和规模是怎样的？
综述提到了ChatGPT在大规模的广泛公众交互中发挥了关键作用，但没有详细说明这个交互的范围和规模。具体来说，这可能涵盖了ChatGPT在社交媒体、在线聊天平台、论坛、问答平台等各种互动环境中被公众使用的情况。可能还包括利用ChatGPT进行在线客服、语言翻译、问答系统等交互式应用。为了更深入地了解ChatGPT在公众交互中的具体范围和规模，读者可以研究ChatGPT相关的具体应用案例和相关统计数据。
4.综述中提到了ChatGPT对语言模型（LM）和生成人工智能（GAI）的发展产生了影响，但具体这些影响体现在哪些方面？
综述中提到了ChatGPT对语言模型（LM）和生成人工智能（GAI）的发展产生了影响，但没有具体说明这些影响的方面。然而，可以推测，这些影响可能涉及了从训练数据的获取和模型训练的技术进展，到对人工智能技术应用和潜在影响的深入思考。ChatGPT的出现可能鼓舞了更多的研究者和开发者对类似技术的发展产生兴趣，并促进了对语言模型和生成人工智能的研究和探索。为了详细了解ChatGPT对LM和GAI发展的具体影响，读者可以进一步研究ChatGPT以及相关文献和研究成果。
5.综述中提到了关于ChatGPT的应用和影响的重要研究，但是否提到了与聊天机器人相关的伦理、隐私和安全问题的探讨？
在综述中，研究人员提到了对ChatGPT的玻璃盒和黑盒视角的考察，包括对技术的组成部分、基础要素以及其应用、影响和涉及的问题的研究。虽然综述没有明确提及与聊天机器人相关的伦理、隐私和安全问题的探讨，但对ChatGPT的黑盒视角可能可以涵盖这些问题的讨论。伦理、隐私和安全问题在研究人工智能技术和应用时一直是重要的考量因素之一。为了更深入地了解与ChatGPT相关的聊天机器人的伦理、隐私和安全问题，读者可以查阅更多的相关文献和研究成果。
转载请注明：ChatGPT最新综述 | 666ChatGPT资源导航<|endoftext|>Dünyanın en tehlikeli 10 sporu
Spor sadece turnuvalara katılanlar için eğlenceli bir kaynak gibi görünebilir, ama zaman zaman yaralanmalar ve hatta ölüm gece boyunca iyi bir ruh hali gölgeleyebilir, bu yüzden her sporun bir tehlike unsuru gerektirdiğini unutmamalısınız. Bazıları sporcular için maksimum riski temsil eder. En tehlikeli sporu belirlemek çok kolay değil ama mümkün. Bunlardan onunu seçmek daha kolay. Ve aşağıda sunulmaktadır.
Temel Atlama (BASE Jumping)
Eğer bir uçaktan atlayıp 15.000 feet uçmanın çok kolay olduğunu düşünüyorsanız, kayalar veya yapay nesneleri, örneğin kuleleri seçin. Bu yükseklikten atlamanın daha güvenli gelmesine rağmen, aslında, paraşütün yerleştirilmesi ya da havadaki diğer görevlerin çözülmesi için kısa süreler nedeniyle genellikle daha zordur. 1978’de Karl Boenisch tarafından tasarlanan üsler, gençlerin yanı sıra dünyanın en tehlikeli sporlarından biri olarak hala çok popüler.
At binme
Hiç kendi midillinize sahip olmak ve her gün onu sürmek istediniz mi? Muhtemelen evet, çünkü çok eğlencelidir, fakat yaralanmalar ve hatta ölümler de böyle bir sporda nadir değildir.
Bu vakadaki en yaygın yaralanmalar, atın sahibini fırlatıp kendini durdurmaya başladığında kendilerini hissettirir. Binicilik aynı zamanda istatistiklere göre neredeyse en tehlikeli spordur, çünkü her yıl ölümler dahil olmak üzere 40 bin yaralanma kaydedildi. Ancak, 20. yüzyıldan itibaren başlayan bahisçiler bu sporla ilgili bahisler alırlar
Tüplü dalış
Gezegenin tümünde hızla popüler olan su altı sporları da sıklıkla sporcuların ölümüne neden oldu. Buradaki tehlike, esas olarak, akciğerleri ve kulak zarlarını tahrip edebilecek basınçtaki bir değişimdir. Yüksek basınçlı gazlara uzun süre maruz kalmak, sporcunun kan akımında nitrojen ve helyum birikmesine yol açabilir, bu da doku hasarına, küçük kan damarlarının tıkanmasına veya kan kaynağına yol açabilir. Diğer kurbanlar ekipman hatası ile ilgili olabilir. Bu nedenle dalış sadece en tehlikeli değil, aynı zamanda dünyanın en ekstrem sporlarından biridir.
Boğalar
San Fermin festivali ya da boğaların koşuşturması da, en ekstrem sporlara ve en tehlikeli olanlara atfedilebilir. Boynuzlu hayvanların lansmanı, roketlerin gökyüzüne fırlatıldıktan sonra başlar, boğaların maliyetin dışına çıktığını ve yoluna çıkan herkesi kıstırmaya hazır olduklarını gösterir. Her yıl 50-100 kişi yaralanır ve ölümler de sık görülür. Bu nedenle, boğaların lansmanı dünyanın en tehlikeli 10 sporunun listesine düşüyor.
ragbi
Bu spor, boğalarla aynı rekabetten daha az tehlikeli değildir, bu yüzden sporcuların% 25’i her oyunda ciddi yaralanmalara neden olur; bu sporda yer alan insanlar için yaygın olan burkulma, bağ ve çürükleri saymaz.
jimnastik
Jimnastik denge, güç, esneklik ve kontrolü gösterir. Aslında ordunun savaş için askerlere yönelik bir test olarak tasarlanmış olmasına rağmen, şimdi birçokları tarafından meydan okunan bir Olimpik spor. El bileği ve omurga kırıkları, ayak bileği burkulması ve kıkırdak hasarı en sık görülen yaralanmalardır. Julissa Gomez, jimnastik tarihindeki en ağır yaralanmalardan birinin kurbanıydı. Mayıs 1988’de, Olimpiyatlardan önce, bir ısınma sırasında, bir kadına 1991 yılında ölümüne kadar işkence yapan boyun felcine yol açan başını salladı.
boks
Boks, katılımcının tek amacının rakibi vurmak olduğu bir temas sporudur ve yaralanma olmadan yapamayacağı şaşırtıcı değildir.
İstatistikler, boksörlerin % 90’ının kariyerleri sırasında beyin hasarından muzdarip olduğunu göstermektedir. Hatta Parkinson hastalığı gibi hastalıklara eğilimli olabilirler.
futbol
Avrupa’da popüler olan top oyunu da yaralanmaların sıklığı nedeniyle bu listede yer alamadı. İstatistikler, % 75’in oyunda bir sarsıntı yaratma tehlikesi olduğunu göstermektedir.
döngüsü yarış
Pek çoğu, yaralanmaların aşırı dağ bisikletlerine atfedilebileceği sonucuna varırken, gerçekte bu durum tam olarak doğru değildir. Her şeyden önce, en ekstrem sporlara da güvenli bir şekilde atfedilebilen bisikletlerde yarışan sporcular sıklıkla karşılaşır ve bu da genellikle ciddi yaralanmalara yol açar.
Gerginlik yürüyüşü
Bu en cesur insanlar tarafından yapılır, çünkü herhangi bir hatanın bedeli hayatına mal olabilir. Başlangıçta, bu etkinlik bir sirk biçimindeydi, ancak günümüzde, birçok insan sinirlerini gıdıklamak için bir eğlence biçimi olarak kullanıyor . Sporcunun düştüğü ve öldüğü durumlar, elbette, birden fazla kez vardı.
Ayrıca dünyadaki en tehlikeli sporlarla ilgili bazı istatistikler:
Amigo (yılda 40.000 ciddi yaralanma)
Rodeo (yılda 80 000 ciddi yaralanma)
Hokey (yılda 80? 000 ciddi yaralanma)
Motokros (binicilerin% 5’i en az bir kez kariyerlerinde ciddi şekilde yaralandı)<|endoftext|>E' finita in manette per concussione una dottoressa salernitana 64enne. Il medico chirurgo era stata nominata consulente tecnico dal tribunale di Nocera inferiore in un procedimento giudiziario nei confronti dell’Inps, per il riconoscimento dell’invalidità civile ad una portatrice di handicap, una signora 90enne di Nocera Inferiore.
La 64enne avrebbe immediatamente cercato di approfittare della situazione, rivolgendosi al legale dell'anziana a cui aveva prospettato l’esito negativo della richiesta: il suo parere però sarebbe potuto diventare sicuramente favorevole, se le avessero consegnato mille euro.
L'avvocato ha così immediatamente presentato la denuncia ai carabinieri di Sant’Antonio Abate. Durante il secondo incontro, fissato con la dottoressa nel suo ufficio all’interno di una clinica di Nocera Inferiore, si sono presentati anche i carabinieri della compagnia di Castellammare e della stazione di Sant’Antonio Abate che hanno arrestato la donna in flagranza mentre incassava 500 euro dalle mani dell’avvocato. Il denaro è stato restituito al proprietario e la dottoressa portata in carcere a Salerno.
S.B.<|endoftext|>Escada（爱斯卡达）释出2016早秋系列LookBook。 ESCADA(爱思卡达)，这一来自德国的全球顶级时装品牌，是德国三大品牌（Hugo boss, Joop!,ESCADA）之一由出生于德国的玛格丽特·雷创立于1978年。作为时装模特的玛格丽特· 雷曾以一头美丽的金发和姣好的身材风靡于欧美的T型舞台。更为重要的是，玛格丽特·雷对时装 有着强烈的领悟能力，她总能尽善尽美地将设计师的意愿表现并传达给观众。在多年的模特生涯 中，她形成了对时装的独特见解，终于抑制不住内心对创造美的追求，她决定独自设计时装，体 味将心中喷涌的灵感展现于灵动舞台的创造激情。她以当时的一匹纯种爱尔兰赛马的名字将自己 设计的时装命名为ESCADA。
ESCADA(爱思卡达)官方网站：www.escada.com/<|endoftext|>|Area||507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi)|
|Highest elevation||2,147 m (7044 ft)|
|Highest point||Mount Odin|
|Largest settlement||Iqaluit (pop. 7,740)|
|Pop. density||0.02/km2 (0.05/sq mi)|
|Ethnic groups||Inuit (72.7%), non-Aboriginal (25.3%), First Nations (0.7%), Métis (0.5%)|
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) and its population was 13,148 as of the 2016 Canadian Census. It is located in the region of
The Inuktitut name for the island is Qikiqtaaluk, which means "very big island" (qikiqtaq "island" + -aluk "very big") and in Inuktitut syllabics is written as ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ. This name is used for the administrative region the island is part of (Qikiqtaaluk Region), as well as in multiples places in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, such as some smaller islands: Qikiqtaaluk in Baffin Bay and Qikiqtaaluk in Foxe Basin. Norse explorers referred to it as Helluland ("stone land"). In 1576, English seaman Martin Frobisher made landfall on the island, naming it "Queen Elizabeth's Foreland". Frobisher Bay is named after him. The island is named the island after English explorer William Baffin, who, in 1616, came across the island while trying to discover the Northwest Passage.
Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on the southeastern coast. Until 1987, the town was called Frobisher Bay, after the English name for Frobisher Bay on which it is located, named for Martin Frobisher. That year the community voted to restore the Inuktitut name.
To the south lies Hudson Strait, separating Baffin Island from mainland Quebec. South of the western end of the island is the Fury and Hecla Strait, which separates the island from the Melville Peninsula on the mainland. To the east are Davis Strait and Baffin Bay, with Greenland beyond. The Foxe Basin, the Gulf of Boothia and Lancaster Sound separate Baffin Island from the rest of the Arctic Archipelago to the west and north.
The Baffin Mountains run along the northeastern coast of the island and are a part of the Arctic Cordillera. The highest peak is Mount Odin, with an elevation of at least 2,143 m (7,031 ft), although some sources say 2,147 m (7,044 ft). Another peak of note is Mount Asgard, located in Auyuittuq National Park, with an elevation of 2,011 m (6,598 ft). Mount Thor, with an elevation of 1,675 m (5,495 ft), is said to have the greatest purely vertical drop (a sheer cliff face) of any mountain on Earth, at 1,250 m (4,100 ft). Mount Sharat, with an elevation of 422 m (1,385 ft) and a prominence of 67 m (220 ft) is located on Baffin Island. The mountain is named after geologist Sarat Kumar Rai, the chief geology curator in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. Rai or Roy, a native of India, studied in India, London, and earned his Ph.D. at the University of Chicago. Shortly after he started at the Field Museum he joined the 1927-1928 Rawson-Macmillan Expedition to Baffin Island and Labrador. This 15-month expedition began in June 1927.
The Barnes Ice Cap, in the middle of the island, has been retreating since at least the early 1960
|
8,549 | 1 | 3 |
names of the deities are not as in Plutarch, but are given in forms sanctioned by Egyptian scholars. The second story is mythological in all that deals with the course of the Sun. The greater part of Egyptian mythology dealt with the appearance, disappearance, and reappearance of the Sun, and with descriptions of the World of the Dead. But no piece of mythology extant gives us in narrative form the Egyptian ideas on these subjects. To provide an outline in which this mythology could be given in story form, the tale about the brothers and their dying father has been invented. The hymn given in this story is from Adolf Leman's "La religion Egyptienne."
How greatly the story of Osiris and Isis influenced the ancient world outside of Egypt can be understood from the speculation which Plutarch commits himself to:
This thing that our priests to-day, with prayer for mercy and in dim revelation, most reverently do hint, even that Osiris is King and Lord among the dead, bewilders the minds of most men who know not how the truth of this thing is. For they fancy that Osiris, in whom most surely is all holiness of God and nature, is thus said to be in the earth and beneath the earth, where are hidden the bodies of those who seem to have had their end. But Osiris's self is far indeed from the earth, untouched, undefiled, immaculate of all substance that admits of corruption and death. And souls of men, here in the embrace of bodies and of passions, have no communion with the God save as in a dream, a dim touch of knowledge through philosophy. But when they are set free, and shift their homes into that Formless and Invisible and Pure, then in truth is God their leader and their king, even this God, so that fastened unto him, and insatiably contemplating and desiring that Beauty ineffable and indescribable of man--whereof the old legend would have it that Isis was in love, and did
ever pursue and with it consort-all beings there are fulfilled of all the good and fair things that have share in creation.
Plutarch's interpretation of the Osiris-Isis story is not necessarily an Egyptian one. Nor can we be sure that the prayer that Apuleius's hero, Lucius, makes to Isis is one that an Egyptian at any period might make:
O thou most holy and eternal saviour of the human race, and ever most munificent in thy tender care of mankind, unto the hazard of our sorrow thou givest the sweet affection of a mother. Nor doth any day or any night's repose, nay, not a tiny moment, vanish past empty of benefits, but ever on earth and sea thou art protecting men, driving aside life's tempests, stretching forth thy right hand of salvation. The threads of our life, by us inextricably entangled, thou dost untwine; thou stillest storms of fate, thou holdest the evil goings of the stars. Thee Heaven doth worship; the shades are thy servants; 'tis thou dost spin the world, and lightest up the sun, and governest the universe, and tramplest upon hell. To thee the stars make answer, for thee the seasons return, heaven's powers exult, the elements obey. At thy nod blow the breezes, clouds give fertility; thine is the germing of the seed and the growth of the germ. Before thy majesty the birds do tremble whose goings are in the air, and the beasts that haunt the hills, and the serpents lurking in the dust, and the monsters that swim in the ocean. But I, scant of soul for the offering of thy praise, poor of patrimony for the celebrating thy sacrifices, feeble of voice for the telling out my heart's knowledge of thy Majesty-nay, nor would one thousand mouths, one thousand tongues suffice, nor the long utterance of an eternal lauds,--I, what (in my poverty) my worship, at least, can do, that will I care to effect. Thy divine countenance and most holy godhead, stored within my heart of hearts, will I forever keep, and there will watch and picture it.<|endoftext|>Is YOUR Child Being Left Behind
NCLB, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, provided for education reform, but not without controversy.
...because of a lack of instructional supplies?
What do you know about the No Child Left Behind Law and the derivative Common Core?
NCLB: Yes it's still here, but it became a directive for education reform when it was signed into law (#107-110) by President George Bush on January 8, 2002. It was conceived and promoted by the [then] federal administration in Washington, DC. Intending to improve reading and math [test] scores at schools across the United States, the law re-authorized a number of federal programs targeted at education reform.
However, a variety of opinions, both pro and con, have been written about this landmark legislation. Both primary and secondary schools are now facing accountability tests that promise to leave no child behind - at least in "test scores" for reading and math. Parents are now provided with more information about the schools that their children attend. Parents are also being given more choice in where they may send their children to school.
Importance of Reading
The problem that arises is that these
"test score" requirements seem to take
resources from all the other activities
needed for a well-rounded education.
The more you learn the more you will realize that success in reading is the key to success throughout your child's school career.
If your school is falling short on helping children become proficient readers YOU must help your child get ahead by providing the right tools at home. What do you think?
what went wrong
with my school.
Little things are
happening, like my
out of art supplies
for our projects...
What's up with that?"
Adequate Yearly Progress
NCLB requires States to maintain an [expensive] accountability system - tests, graduation rates, attendance, and other indicators. Schools have to meet adequate yearly progress (AYP) goals, as set by each state, by raising levels of achievement for subgroups of students such as minorities, special education, and those from low-income families, to a state-determined level. Every student must reach proficiency levels, as determined by the state in which they live, by the 2013-2014 school year. A planned and escalating form of "help" is provided to students in schools that continually do not meet AYP.
"A good storyteller never lets the facts get in the way."
(the late comedian, Dave Allen)
Disclaimer: NoChildLeftBehind.com is not connected with the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 - nor is it a part of any govening body dealing with or administering the law. The website creators are retired teachers who saw a lot of "stress" among teachers and administrators being generated by the implementation of NCLB.
As teachers, we experieced the shortfall in supplies and saw the additional challenges in instructional programs because of NCLB requirements. Please note that we may receive compensation, in the form of a small commission, should you choose to purchase any of the school supplies listed on pages of this website.<|endoftext|>Explaining Swarm Design Concepts using an Interactive, vBottom-up Simulation Tool
When promoting emergent behavior as a viable problem-solving option to a community unfamiliar with the concept but nevertheless key stakeholders in the effort, swarm researchers can find themselves making rudimentary analogies to social insects that provide some familiarity, but offers nothing in the way of real understanding. Yet, if these stakeholders are to adopt such a seemingly radical approach, they need to be somewhat conversant with the concepts, the obstacles and the process of an emergent system. We have built an Emergent Behavior Simulation Tool (EBST) to make issues of emergent systems and bottom-up design quickly accessible to interested neophytes. The contextual scenarios are built by swarm researchers, but provide an interface accessible to all. The tool provides an environment in which the consequences of agent based actions can be observed at the global level, and then quickly changed based on observations. Yet the scenarios are specific, and goal-oriented, so that the swarm-layperson is not left to fend for themselves in a sea of syntax, and open-ended possibilities. The tool is the centerpiece of an online course being developed for military students at the US Naval Postgraduate School.
KeywordsBeach Harness Vince
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
- Boxerbaum, A., Werk, P., Vaidyanathan, R., Quinn, R.D., “Design of an Autonomous Amphibious Robot for Surf Zone Operations: Mechanical Design for Multi-Mode Mobility”, 2005 Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) Conference, July 2005Google Scholar
- Chaitin, Gregory, “The Limits of Reason”, Scientific American, March 2006Google Scholar
- Darley, Vince, “Emergent Phenomena and Complexity”, 1994 Artificial Life IV, Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems, Sante Fe, New MexicoGoogle Scholar
- Dugdale, Julie “An Evaluation of Seven Software Simulation Tools for Use in the Social Sciences” GRIC-IRIT, Toulouse, France, http://www.irit.fr/COSI/training/evaluationoftools/Evaluation-Of-Simulation-Tools.htm.
- Ierymenko, Adam, “What is Emergence?”, http://www.greythumb.org
- Johnson, Steven, Emergence. New York, NY. Simon & Schuster, (2001).Google Scholar
- Lohipedia, http://www.logipedia.com/article/show/21299
- Railsback, Steven, Lytinen, Steven, Jackson, Stephen, “Agent-based Simulation Platforms: Review and Development Recommendations”, forthcoming Simulation http://www.humboldt.edu/ ecomodel/documents/ABMPlatformReview.pdf
- Waldrop, Mitchell M., Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos Simon & Schuster; 1st edition (January 15, 1992)Google Scholar<|endoftext|>An average household has many items that need regular electric current to function. Others, like laptops, tablets, and mobile phones, require periodic recharges. It is hard to imagine life without these devices.
All these devices have an electric cable as their common element. The more devices there are, the greater the number of cables. A bunch of dusty, tangled wires can make a rather ugly sight. If you're not careful, they can cause injury and lead to you falling over them. Wireless charger hidden is a blessing. It can be used to charge multiple devices and operate them all at once.
It is well-known that electromagnetic fields can be used to transfer energy between objects close together, even without the need for connecting them through wires. An electromagnetic field is created around an electric wire when an electric current passes through it.
Instead of using straight wires, you can amplify the magnetic field by using a coil-shaped wire. The magnetic field inducing a current in the secondary coil can be achieved by positioning another coil near the primary coil. This is the basic principle of wireless chargers. The energy is transmitted to a primary coil.
The electromagnetic field that is created by the charging process induces a current in the secondary coil, which then charges the device. Wireless charging is also known as "inductive charging".<|endoftext|>رضا تقوی، رئیس شورای سیاست گذاری ائمه جمعه در ایران، تهدید کرده است که اگر غربی ها درمورد برنامه هسته ای ایران فشار بیاروند، ایران اورانیوم را تا ۵۶ درصد غنی می کند.
به گزارش خبرگزاری ایسنا، حجت الاسلام تقوی درسخنانی در خراسان شمالی گفته است که دشمنان می خواهند ایران، چرخه سوخت را متوقف کند و برخی آزمایشگاهها را ببندد، اما نظام اکنون به تولید سوخت ۲۰ درصد دست یافته و اگر آنها بخواهند در مقابل نظام بایستند، این رقم را به ۵۶ درصد می رساند.<|endoftext|>Last week we promised to explore the Green Revolution.
The term “Green Revolution” was coined in the 1960s to highlight a particularly striking breakthrough in yields, which is the traditional way to measure agricultural performance – in tonnes per hectare, bushels per acre or whatever. Farmers have been trying to improve yields by improving seeds through experimentation since the beginning of time – they’d keep seeds from the biggest, highest, most vigorous plants to sow the next spring. These seeds are the product of thousands of years of experimental plant breeding by millions of farmers across the world. The crops that humanity has painstakingly bred (sometimes from wild plants) are the kernels of our civilization.
The Green Revolution is a term used to describe a tremendous boom in agricultural productivity based on high-yielding varieties (HYV’s) of crops (beginning with wheat, but also including rice and corn) which were developed in the 1940’s. With a big boost from the International Agricultural Research Centers created by the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations, the “miracle” seeds of high yielding varieties quickly spread around the world. By the 1970s, the term “revolution” was well deserved, for the new seeds – accompanied by chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and, for the most part, irrigation – had replaced the traditional farming practices of millions of Third World farmers as well as those in the United States.
Much of the reason why these “high yielding varieties” produced more than traditional varieties was that they were more responsive to petrochemical fertilizers. To produce their high yields, the new seeds required far more fertilizer than traditional varieties could absorb. Fertilizer – inducing a demand for it, supplying it, teaching farmers to use it and putting it to work – is one key to the Green Revolution. In fact, some people say the term “high-yielding varieties” is a misnomer, because it implies that the new seeds are high yielding of themselves. The distinguishing feature of the seeds, however, is that they are highly responsive to certain key inputs such as fertilizers and irrigation water. They say the term “high responsive varieties” is more appropriate.
There is yet another aspect of the Green Revolution which tied agriculture to the petrochemical industry: by developing high yield varieties of crops, farmers chose to grow these seeds only – so only a few species of (for example) rice were grown. In India for example there were about 30,000 rice varieties prior to the Green Revolution, today there are around ten – all the most productive types. By having this homogeneity the crops were more prone to disease and pests because there were not enough varieties to fight them off. In addition, because of their narrow genetic base, they’re inherently more susceptible to pests, so monocropping provides a large and often permanent niche for pests, turning minor diseases into epidemics. In order to protect these new varieties, more pesticides and insecticides were used, so pesticide use grew as well. During 1970 – 1990, global pesticide use more than doubled, from 1.3 to 2.9 million tons per year.
Thus agriculture became inextricably tied to the petrochemical industry, because these new seeds wouldn’t grow well without petroleum-based fertilizers – and they also required additional labor. These inputs increased farmers costs: the high yields of IR-8 (a new rice seed) was four times as costly to grow as ordinary rice because of the fertilizers, pesticides and additional labor required.
Irrigation also played a large role in the Green Revolution. It changed the areas where various crops can be grown: For instance before the Green Revolution, agriculture was severely limited to areas with a significant amount of rainfall, but by using irrigation, water could be stored and sent to drier areas, putting more land into agricultural production – thus increasing nationwide crop yields.
The basis of the Green Revolution is the belief that technology increases output. But while agricultural output increased dramatically as a result of the Green Revolution, the energy input to produce a crop increased even faster. The Green Revolution has increased energy inputs in agriculture to levels around 50 times those of traditional agriculture. To give you an idea of how energy intensive modern agriculture has become, to produce one kilogram of nitrogen for fertilizer requires the energy equivalent of 1.4 to 1.8 liters of diesel fuel. This equates to the energy content of 15.3 billion liters of diesel fuel, or 96.2 million barrels.(6)
Yet the energy inputs have continued to increase without a corresponding increase in crop yields – so modern agriculture must continue to increase its energy expenditures simply to maintain current crop yields. And what will we do when the oil runs out?
What has the Green Revolution accomplished? Nobody denies it was a screaming success in terms of yields: over a twenty-year period between 1970 and 1990, average yields of corn, rice and wheat more than doubled; as a consequence there was an 11% increase (on average) in food per person because of these increased crop yields.
Today, though, the miracle of the green revolution seems to be over: Disturbingly, for the first time since the Green Revolutionm, crop yields are growing more slowly than population – in other words, growth in population and demand for food have both slowed down, but crop yields have slowed even more. Between 1961 and 1990, wheat yields were growing by about 3% per year. From 1990 to 2007, wheat yields grew by only 0.5%. In Central Luzon, Philippines, rice yields grew steadily during the 1970s, peaked in the early 1980s, and have been dropping gradually ever since. Long-term experiments conducted by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in both Central Luzon and Laguna Province confirm these results. Similar patterns have now been observed for rice-wheat systems in India and Nepal. In West Java, a 23 percent yield increase was virtually canceled by 65 and 69 percent increases in fertilizers and pesticides respectively.
In the Punjab, the crowning success of the Green Revolution, yield growth has essentially flattened since the mid-1990s. Over-irrigation has led to steep drops in the water table, now tapped by 1.3 million tube wells, while thousands of hectares of productive land have been lost to salinization and waterlogged soils. Forty years of intensive irrigation, fertilization, and pesticides have not been kind to the loamy gray fields of Punjab. Nor, in some cases, to the people themselves: so many people now take the train from the Malwa region in India to the cancer hospital in Bikaner that it’s now called the Cancer Express. Daniel Pepper, writing in US News and World Report , reported on the toxic consequences of the Green Revolution among Indian farmers, to read it click here.
One additional aspect of the Green Revolution was brought to life in the blog by Josh Viertel, President of Slow Food USA, in which he states a false premise taken for fact by proponents of a new Green Revolution :
A year ago I sat in a room at the Earth Institute at Columbia surrounded by executives from big food companies. One of them, I believe from Unilever, clicked to a slide that read “The solution to global hunger is to turn malnutrition into a market opportunity.” The audience—global development practitioners and academics and other executives—nodded and dutifully wrote it down in their notebooks; I shuddered. The experience stayed with me and I haven’t gotten over it. Last month, I had a flashback.
On a Tuesday evening I sat in a room on the 44th floor of a building in the financial district of lower Manhattan with representatives from General Mills, Monsanto, Dean Foods, Deutsche Bank, and the Rainforest Alliance. We were there to speak to institutional investors—the hedge fund managers,
|
8,549 | 2 | 0 |
to tissue damage. The two most commonly used methods to wound the C. elegans
adult skin are pricks with microinjection needles, and local laser irradiation. Needle wounding locally disrupts the cuticle, epidermis, and associated extracellular matrix, and may also damage internal tissues. Laser irradiation results in more localized damage. Wounding triggers a succession of readily assayed responses including elevated epidermal Ca2+
(seconds-minutes), formation and closure of an actin-containing ring at the wound site (1-2 hr), elevated transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes (2-24 hr), and scar formation. Essentially all wild type adult animals survive wounding, whereas mutants defective in wound repair or other responses show decreased survival. Detailed protocols for needle and laser wounding, and assays for quantitation and visualization of wound responses and repair processes (Ca dynamics, actin dynamics, antimicrobial peptide induction, and survival) are presented.
Cellular Biology, Issue 94, wound healing, epidermis, microinjection, laser, green fluorescent protein (GFP), actin, innate immune response, calcium, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), survival
High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry
Institutions: Medical College of Wisconsin, Stanford University School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Hong Kong University, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin.
There is an urgent need to develop approaches for repairing the damaged heart, discovering new therapeutic drugs that do not have toxic effects on the heart, and improving strategies to accurately model heart disease. The potential of exploiting human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology to generate cardiac muscle “in a dish” for these applications continues to generate high enthusiasm. In recent years, the ability to efficiently generate cardiomyogenic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has greatly improved, offering us new opportunities to model very early stages of human cardiac development not otherwise accessible. In contrast to many previous methods, the cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol described here does not require cell aggregation or the addition of Activin A or BMP4 and robustly generates cultures of cells that are highly positive for cardiac troponin I and T (TNNI3, TNNT2), iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-4 (IRX4), myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform (MLC2v) and myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform (MLC2a) by day 10 across all human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and hiPSC lines tested to date. Cells can be passaged and maintained for more than 90 days in culture. The strategy is technically simple to implement and cost-effective. Characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent cells often includes the analysis of reference markers, both at the mRNA and protein level. For protein analysis, flow cytometry is a powerful analytical tool for assessing quality of cells in culture and determining subpopulation homogeneity. However, technical variation in sample preparation can significantly affect quality of flow cytometry data. Thus, standardization of staining protocols should facilitate comparisons among various differentiation strategies. Accordingly, optimized staining protocols for the analysis of IRX4, MLC2v, MLC2a, TNNI3, and TNNT2 by flow cytometry are described.
Cellular Biology, Issue 91, human induced pluripotent stem cell, flow cytometry, directed differentiation, cardiomyocyte, IRX4, TNNI3, TNNT2, MCL2v, MLC2a
Helminth Collection and Identification from Wildlife
Institutions: Purdue University, Helm West Laboratory.
Wild animals are commonly parasitized by a wide range of helminths. The four major types of helminths are "roundworms" (nematodes), "thorny-headed worms" (acanthocephalans), "flukes" (trematodes), and "tapeworms" (cestodes). The optimum method for collecting helminths is to examine a host that has been dead less than 4-6 hr since most helminths will still be alive. A thorough necropsy should be conducted and all major organs examined. Organs are washed over a 106 μm sieve under running water and contents examined under a stereo microscope. All helminths are counted and a representative number are fixed (either in 70% ethanol, 10% buffered formalin, or alcohol-formalin-acetic acid). For species identification, helminths are either cleared in lactophenol (nematodes and small acanthocephalans) or stained (trematodes, cestodes, and large acanthocephalans) using Harris' hematoxylin or Semichon's carmine. Helminths are keyed to species by examining different structures (e.g
. male spicules in nematodes or the rostellum in cestodes). The protocols outlined here can be applied to any vertebrate animal. They require some expertise on recognizing the different organs and being able to differentiate helminths from other tissue debris or gut contents. Collection, preservation, and staining are straightforward techniques that require minimal equipment and reagents. Taxonomic identification, especially to species, can be very time consuming and might require the submission of specimens to an expert or DNA analysis.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 82, Helminths, eukaryotic parasites, worms, nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, acanthocephalans, wildlife
Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System to Study Protein Homeostasis in a Multicellular Organism
Institutions: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
The folding and assembly of proteins is essential for protein function, the long-term health of the cell, and longevity of the organism. Historically, the function and regulation of protein folding was studied in vitro
, in isolated tissue culture cells and in unicellular organisms. Recent studies have uncovered links between protein homeostasis (proteostasis), metabolism, development, aging, and temperature-sensing. These findings have led to the development of new tools for monitoring protein folding in the model metazoan organism Caenorhabditis elegans
. In our laboratory, we combine behavioral assays, imaging and biochemical approaches using temperature-sensitive or naturally occurring metastable proteins as sensors of the folding environment to monitor protein misfolding. Behavioral assays that are associated with the misfolding of a specific protein provide a simple and powerful readout for protein folding, allowing for the fast screening of genes and conditions that modulate folding. Likewise, such misfolding can be associated with protein mislocalization in the cell. Monitoring protein localization can, therefore, highlight changes in cellular folding capacity occurring in different tissues, at various stages of development and in the face of changing conditions. Finally, using biochemical tools ex vivo
, we can directly monitor protein stability and conformation. Thus, by combining behavioral assays, imaging and biochemical techniques, we are able to monitor protein misfolding at the resolution of the organism, the cell, and the protein, respectively.
Biochemistry, Issue 82, aging, Caenorhabditis elegans, heat shock response, neurodegenerative diseases, protein folding homeostasis, proteostasis, stress, temperature-sensitive
Genetic Manipulation in Δku80 Strains for Functional Genomic Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii
Institutions: The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth.
Targeted genetic manipulation using homologous recombination is the method of choice for functional genomic analysis to obtain a detailed view of gene function and phenotype(s). The development of mutant strains with targeted gene deletions, targeted mutations, complemented gene function, and/or tagged genes provides powerful strategies to address gene function, particularly if these genetic manipulations can be efficiently targeted to the gene locus of interest using integration mediated by double cross over homologous recombination.
Due to very high rates of nonhomologous recombination, functional genomic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii
has been previously limited by the absence of efficient methods for targeting gene deletions and gene replacements to specific genetic loci. Recently, we abolished the major pathway of nonhomologous recombination in type I and type II strains of T. gondii
by deleting the gene encoding the KU80 protein1,2
. The Δku80
strains behave normally during tachyzoite (acute) and bradyzoite (chronic) stages in vitro
and in vivo
and exhibit essentially a 100% frequency of homologous recombination. The Δku80
strains make functional genomic studies feasible on the single gene as well as on the genome scale1-4
Here, we report methods for using type I and type II Δku80Δhxgprt
strains to advance gene targeting approaches in T. gondii
. We outline efficient methods for generating gene deletions, gene replacements, and tagged genes by targeted insertion or deletion of the hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HXGPRT
) selectable marker. The described gene targeting protocol can be used in a variety of ways in Δku80
strains to advance functional analysis of the parasite genome and to develop single strains that carry multiple targeted genetic manipulations. The application of this genetic method and subsequent phenotypic assays will reveal fundamental and unique aspects of the biology of T. gondii
and related significant human pathogens that cause malaria (Plasmodium
sp.) and cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium
Infectious Diseases, Issue 77, Genetics, Microbiology, Infection, Medicine, Immunology, Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Genomics, Parasitology, Pathology, Apicomplexa, Coccidia, Toxoplasma, Genetic Techniques, Gene Targeting, Eukaryota, Toxoplasma gondii, genetic manipulation, gene targeting, gene deletion, gene replacement, gene tagging, homologous recombination, DNA, sequencing
Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro
Institutions: The University of Chicago Medical Center, The University of Chicago Medical Center.
Migraine and its transformation to chronic migraine are healthcare burdens in need of improved treatment options. We seek to define how neural immune signaling modulates the susceptibility to migraine, modeled in vitro
using spreading depression (SD), as a means to develop novel therapeutic targets for episodic and chronic migraine. SD is the likely cause of migraine aura and migraine pain. It is a paroxysmal loss of neuronal function triggered by initially increased neuronal activity, which slowly propagates within susceptible brain regions. Normal brain function is exquisitely sensitive to, and relies on, coincident low-level immune signaling. Thus, neural immune signaling likely affects electrical activity of SD, and therefore migraine. Pain perception studies of SD in whole animals are fraught with difficulties, but whole animals are well suited to examine systems biology aspects of migraine since SD activates trigeminal nociceptive pathways. However, whole animal studies alone cannot be used to decipher the cellular and neural circuit mechanisms of SD. Instead, in vitro
preparations where environmental conditions can be controlled are necessary. Here, it is important to recognize limitations of acute slices and distinct advantages of hippocampal slice cultures. Acute brain slices cannot reveal subtle changes in immune signaling since preparing the slices alone triggers: pro-inflammatory changes that last days, epileptiform behavior due to high levels of oxygen tension needed to vitalize the slices, and irreversible cell injury at anoxic slice centers.
In contrast, we examine immune signaling in mature hippocampal slice cultures since the cultures closely parallel their in vivo
counterpart with mature trisynaptic function; show quiescent astrocytes, microglia, and cytokine levels; and SD is easily induced in an unanesthetized preparation. Furthermore, the slices are long-lived and SD can be induced on consecutive days without injury, making this preparation the sole means to-date capable of modeling the neuroimmune consequences of chronic SD, and thus perhaps chronic migraine. We use electrophysiological techniques and non-invasive imaging to measure
neuronal cell and circuit functions coincident with SD. Neural immune gene expression variables are measured with qPCR screening, qPCR arrays, and, importantly, use of cDNA preamplification for detection of ultra-low level targets such as interferon-gamma using whole, regional, or specific cell enhanced (via laser dissection microscopy) sampling. Cytokine cascade signaling is further assessed with multiplexed phosphoprotein related targets with gene expression and phosphoprotein changes confirmed via cell-specific immunostaining. Pharmacological and siRNA strategies are used to mimic
SD immune signaling.
Neuroscience, Issue 52, innate immunity, hormesis, microglia, T-cells, hippocampus, slice culture, gene expression, laser dissection microscopy, real-time qPCR, interferon-gamma
A Parasite Rescue and Transformation Assay for Antileishmanial Screening Against Intracellular Leishmania donovani Amastigotes in THP1 Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line
Institutions: University of Mississippi, University of Mississippi.
Leishmaniasis is one of the world's most neglected diseases, largely affecting the poorest of the poor, mainly in developing countries. Over 350 million people are considered at risk of contracting leishmaniasis, and approximately 2 million new cases occur yearly1
. Leishmania donovani
is the causative agent for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the most fatal form of the disease. The choice of drugs available to treat leishmaniasis is limited 2
;current treatments provide limited efficacy and many are toxic at therapeutic doses. In addition, most of the first line treatment drugs have already lost their utility due to increasing multiple drug resistance 3
. The current pipeline of anti-leishmanial drugs is also severely depleted. Sustained efforts are needed to enrich a new anti-leishmanial drug discovery pipeline, and this endeavor relies on the availability of suitable in vitro
and axenic amastigotes assays5
are primarily used for anti-leishmanial drug screening however, may not be appropriate due to significant cellular, physiological, biochemical and molecular differences in comparison to intracellular amastigotes. Assays with macrophage-amastigotes models are considered closest to the pathophysiological conditions of leishmaniasis, and are therefore the most appropriate for in vitro
screening. Differentiated, non-dividing human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP1) (make an attractive) alternative to isolated primary macrophages and can be used for assaying anti-leishmanial activity of different compounds against intracellular amastigotes.
Here, we present a parasite-rescue and transformation assay with differentiated THP1 cells infected in vitro
with Leishmania donovani
for screening pure compounds and natural products extracts and determining the efficacy against the intracellular Leishmania
amastigotes. The assay involves the following steps: (1) differentiation of THP1 cells to non-dividing macrophages, (2) infection of macrophages with L. donovani
metacyclic promastigotes, (3) treatment of infected cells with test drugs, (4) controlled lysis of infected macrophages, (5) release/rescue of amastigotes and (6) transformation of live amastigotes to promastigotes. The assay was optimized using detergent treatment for controlled lysis of Leishmania
-infected THP1 cells to achieve almost complete rescue of viable intracellular amastigotes with minimal effect on their ability to transform to promastigotes. Different macrophage:promastigotes ratios were tested to achieve maximum infection. Quantification of the infection was performed through transformation of live, rescued Leishmania
amastigotes to promastigotes and evaluation of their growth by an alamarBlue fluorometric assay in 96-well microplates. This assay is comparable to the currently-used microscopic, transgenic reporter gene and digital-image analysis assays. This assay is robust and measures only the live intracellular amastigotes compared to reporter gene and image analysis assays, which may not differentiate between live and dead amastigotes. Also, the assay has been validated with a current panel of anti-leishmanial drugs and has been successfully applied to large-scale screening of pure compounds and a library of natural products fractions (Tekwani et al.
Infection, Issue 70, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, Pharmacology, Leishmania donovani, Visceral Leishmaniasis, THP1 cells, Drug Screening, Amastigotes, Antileishmanial drug assay
Analysis of Single-cell Gene Transcription by RNA Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
Institutions: University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), University of Edinburgh .
Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum
infected erythrocytes (IE) to human endothelial receptors during malaria infections is mediated by expression of PfEMP1 protein variants encoded by the var
The haploid P. falciparum
genome harbors approximately 60 different var
genes of which only one has been believed to be transcribed per cell at a time during the blood stage of the infection. How such mutually exclusive regulation of var
gene transcription is achieved is unclear, as is the identification of individual var
genes or sub-groups of var
genes associated with different receptors and the consequence of differential binding on the clinical outcome of P. falciparum
infections. Recently, the mutually exclusive transcription paradigm has been called into doubt by transcription assays based on individual P. falciparum
transcript identification in single infected erythrocytic cells using RNA fluorescent in situ
hybridization (FISH) analysis of var
gene transcription by the parasite in individual nuclei of P. falciparum
Here, we present a detailed protocol for carrying out the RNA-FISH methodology for analysis of var
gene transcription in single-nuclei of P. falciparum
infected human erythrocytes. The method is based on the use of digoxigenin- and biotin- labeled antisense RNA probes using the TSA Plus Fluorescence Palette System2
(Perkin Elmer), microscopic analyses and freshly selected P. falciparum
IE. The in situ
hybridization method can be used to monitor transcription and regulation of a variety of genes expressed during the different stages of the P. falciparum
life cycle and is adaptable to other malaria parasite species and other organisms and cell types.
Genetics, Issue 68, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Molecular Biology, nuclei, transcription, var genes, PfEMP1, infected erythrocytes (IE), Plasmodium falciparum, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Institutions: Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City.
The characterization of gene expression in cells via measurement of mRNA levels is a useful tool in determining how the transcriptional machinery of the cell is affected by external signals (e.g.
drug treatment), or how cells differ between a healthy state and a diseased state. With the advent and continuous refinement of next-generation DNA sequencing technology, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has become an increasingly popular method of transcriptome analysis to catalog all species of transcripts, to determine the transcriptional structure of all expressed genes and to quantify the changing expression levels of the total set of transcripts in a given cell, tissue or organism1,2
.
|
8,549 | 2 | 1 |
. اجازه دهید سه تفاوت اصلی تجزیه و تحلیل بازاریابی با تجزیه و تحلیل وب سایت را مرور کنیم:
بازاریابان از کجا برای رشد و پیشرفت خود استفاده می کنند؟
چه چیزی باعث می شود تمامی فعالیت های بازاریابی به نظرتان اشتباه برسد؟
اندازه گیری تاثیر و بهره وری بازاریابی دیجیتال یکی از بزرگترین چالش هایی است که امروزه سازمان ها و شرکت ها با آن روبرو هستند. بر اساس گزارش های موجود، 46 درصد از بازاریابان بیان می کنند که تایید بازگشت سرمایه گذاری( ROI ) در فعالیت های بازاریابی یکی از چالش های بزرگی است که در شرکت خود با آن مواجه هستند. مشکل اینجاست که این افراد به هنگام شنیدن عبارت هایی همچون تجزیه و تحلیل بازاریابی دیجیتال؛ دوست دارند معیارهایی را در نظر بگیرند که با ابزارهای آنالیتیکی همچون گوگل آنالیتیکس (ترافیک، بونس ریت؛ بازدید کنندگان منحصر به فرد) مرتبط است. اگرچه این ابزارها می تواند بینش عمیقی در مورد داده ها فراهم کند و عملکرد سایت را تا حد زیادی افزایش دهد اما بازاریابان باید داده های غنی تری را برای درک تاثیر کمپین بازاریابی بر روی نرخ تبدیل و فروش داشته باشند.
شرکت های )Software as a service( Saas در بازاریابی تاثیرگذار، می توانند به خریداران کمک کنند کمپین تاثیرگذار خود را اجرا نمایند. در کل، این شرکت ها جزو شرکت های نرم افزاری محسوب می شوند که مسئول ایجاد و طراحی نرم افزارها هستند و به شرکت ها راه حل های جایگزین را ارائه می دهند. این شرکت ها بر روی ساخت نرم افزار برای برندها و آژانس ها تمرکز می کنند تا بتوانند برنامه های تاثیرگذار خود را اجرا نمایند.
بیشتر...
باید مطمئن شوید که نمایندگی فروشتان اطلاعات و فاکتورهایی که برای خواندن زبان دیجیتال مشتری نیاز است را در اختیار دارد. جمع آوری این دیتاها و گزارش منظم آنها برای فروش، راه خوبی برای شروع است. کدام فاکتورها را باید با تیم فروشتان به اشتراک بگذارید؟
5 فاکتور زیر را بخوانید تا کلیک مشتریانتان را آنالیز کنید:<|endoftext|>Belt conveyor tuning. A belt conveyor is a moving surface used
to transport product from one end to the other. In its basic form
it consists of a driving head pulley, a tail pulley, the moving
belt, support rollers, cleaning devices, tensioning mechanisms
and a structural frame. Though simple in concept its many components
need to work together as a system to get the best performance
and operating life. Critical to that is an understanding of how
to care for a belt conveyor and tune it for successful operation.
Keywords: materials handling, bulk material transport
are used to transport anything from matches to bulk material such
as iron ore and quarried stone. The belt can be made of natural
fibres, rubber, plastic or metal. Regardless of its construction
and purpose there are basic requirements to its successful operation
that must be met.
How a Belt
Figure No 1. is a simple sketch of a belt conveyor. An electric
motor and gearbox turn the head drum (or head pulley). The belt
is pulled tight to produce friction between it and the head drum.
The friction overcomes the load and drag forces and the belt moves
around the circuit from the head pulley to the tail pulley and
back to the head pulley.
friction is used to drive the belt. If the friction falls the
belt will slip or stop moving even though the head pulley keeps
turning. The friction between the belt and pulley depends on the
friction properties of the surfaces in contact, the amount of
surface in contact (the arc and width in contact) and the tension
in the two lengths of the belt.
side of the belt is the tight side and the return side is the
loose side. The tight side needs to carry as much tension as possible
to minimize the load on the drums, the shafts and the bearings.
Getting the maximum friction possible between belt and head pulley
Often a head
pulley will be herringbone grooved or coated in rubber (or other
such treatment) to increase the friction. Another option is to
increase the arc of contact. A jockey (snubber) pulley is placed
under the slack side close to the drum. By lifting the return
belt higher so it comes off the head pulley further around the
circumference the contact area and hence the friction is increased.
the belt also increases friction. This can be by jacking the head
and tail pulleys further apart and forcing the belt harder against
the drums or by making the slack (loose) side tighter. Tightening
the slack side goes against the ideal of keeping the slack side
tension low and the tight side tension high. If the loose side
is used for tensioning, the load carrying components are made
larger to take greater forces.
Belt Conveyor Operating Life.
Once a belt conveyor is designed and installed it is there for
years to come! The very best practice to adopt to promote long,
trouble-free life is to be sure that the designer has designed
it with quality components that can handle the entire range of
forces generated in its use. One way to insure that is to engineer
every part taking a load and then review the design calculations
and the component selection using independent, experienced equipment
users and maintainers querying the designer for the assumptions,
reasons and proof behind each design selection.
The list below
highlights some of the issues and problems with belt conveyor
installations. Once you are aware of them you can be on the watch-out
and get to them fast.
and gouging from product impact at loading zones, from belt
drag across solid surfaces, from scrapper rubbing, from the
belt touching caught product, from product hardening on scrappers,
from drive pulleys slipping during start-up or during a belt
jam, from product build-up on trough and return rollers.
belt at edges due to rubbing against structures, due to rubbing
against product caught in structures, from rubbing against
from excessive belt tensioning, from belt aging, from high
product impact, from overloading with product, from running
the belt beyond belt design speed, from too much stop-start
due to out-of-square joining, due to a join being too thick,
due to ripping and buckling within the belt material as internal
fibers tear because of overloads, due to loading one side
of the belt.
due to head pulley misalignment, due to no head pulley crowning,
due to trough and return roller misalignment, due to roller
seizure producing more drag. Also can be due to the last upper
roller being too close to the head pulley and lifting the
belt so it makes first contact far around on the head pulley
mounting deflection causing shaft misalignment by support
frame and load carrying members being undersized and insufficiently
braced for the operating forces and inertia force changes.
from impact of product, from dragging across jammed sharp
objects, from tearing due to sudden overloads, from bolts
and foreign metal objects gouging.
failure from product build-up on the scrapping edge, from
jammed scrapper parts, from wrong set-up.
belt due to product jam, due to loss of belt tension, due
to dust/dirt/moisture under head drum.
Belt Conveyor Set-Up and Use
Become familiarized with the manufacturers recommended operating
practice and then get operators and maintainers together to discuss
how to achieve them in-house.
In the simplest
of ways decide how to:
the belt is tracking properly and to detect when it is going
off-track. Crown the pulleys (1% to 1.5% of the pulley width),
align guide and troughing rollers square to the belt, on short
conveyors insure the head and tail drum centers are aligned
to within 0.25 millimeter. Keep guide rollers and pulleys
clean of product build-up.
the scrapper is working well. If necessary change designs.
Maybe water jet spray instead of a solid edge scrapper. (Be
wary of brush scrappers for powdered and damp products. Fine
particles build up in the bristles and clog the entire brush
making the bristles rigid and stiff, which then scratches
overloading product by slowing loading rates to below removal
rates. Install deflection plates in loading chutes to take
the momentum of falling product and stop it from pounding
into the belt. Install more rollers in the loading section
to distribute the pounding forces.
low by detecting and replacing seized rollers. Reduce transfer
station skirt-to-belt contact. If dust is a problem keep skirt
contact area and pressures low enough to minimise the amount
of dust escape. Higher pressures force the skirt hard into
the belt and both parts wear.
When you sort
the issues out write down how it was done and make them standard
operating procedure so the discoveries are not lost.
Mechanics, A K Hosking, M R Harris, H & H Publishing.<|endoftext|>沃福德学院不存在种族歧视, color, 信条, 宗教, 性, 年龄, 国家的起源, 残疾, 资深地位, 性取向或任何受法律保护的身份.
沃福德学院致力于提供良好的教育和工作环境, 包括项目和活动, 这是没有歧视的, 骚扰和报复. 符合1972年教育修正案第九条的规定, 沃福德学院不歧视任何员工, 求职申请人, 按性别录取的学生或申请人.
有关第九条在沃福德大学应用的咨询应提交给该学院的第九条协调员:
马修·汉密
429 N. 教堂的圣.
斯奈德住宅附件
斯帕坦堡，SC 29303
864-597-4048
email@example.com
个别人士亦可向教育署外部查询:
民权办公室(OCR)
U.S. 教育部
马里兰大街400号., SW
华盛顿特区.C. 20202-1100
800-421-3481
OCR@ed.政府
http://www.ed.Administration / ocr
您可以通过浏览 标题IX小册子 或者通过访问 www.knowyourix.org.
因会员身份而遭受骚扰或歧视的个人, 或感知的成员, 在上述一个或多个受保护的类别中，鼓励与沃福德的第九条协调员联系. 第九条协调员与校园机构公平案件协调员合作，管理所有涉嫌歧视和骚扰的校园调查, 当的, 外部调查.
第九条协调员可以协助个人提出报告或发起正式投诉, 与校园和社区资源建立联系, 获得学者的支持, 住房和/或就业. 个人可以在正常工作时间内亲自与第九条协调员会面，也可以通过电子邮件进行沟通, 电话或平邮随时联系.
报告可以在没有第一次与第九条协调员会面的情况下提交. 个人也可以通过网上提交报告 歧视和骚扰报告表格. 报告可以匿名提交, 但匿名举报可能会限制该学院处理举报的能力.
所有报告都将使用沃福德标准进行审查和处理 非歧视和反骚扰政策和程序.
有关学院歧视和骚扰报告程序的更多信息, 咨询皇冠.手机app下载-皇冠.app官方版下载-(中国)有限公司的 常见问题.<|endoftext|>《背离之爱》 - 背离之爱mp3背离的是什么？是宗教的束缚，是愧疚的自责，是不公的审判。男主维丹特和女主凯纳兹，在这一场“背离之爱”中，各自获得了救赎。维丹特的父亲是克什米尔查谟地区的警察局长，两个哥哥都是军人，自己也是一位法律精英。他踏入律政界不久，接到的一个案子，便是“一个无辜的大学生被诬陷为恐怖分子关押了起来”。那个时候过于单纯的他，相信了那个学生真挚的双眼，替他辩护让他出狱。不久后，他的一个哥哥死于恐/怖袭击，而凶手正是他释放的那位“大学生”。女主呢？凯纳兹只是印巴边境小村子里的一个普通女性，被父母指婚给了丈夫法鲁克。起初，她以为自己和丈夫有文学上的共同爱好，会过得和谐美满。可是，婚后一年还未生下孩子，法鲁克便变了脸色，他威胁凯纳兹，要么接受他再娶一个妻子，要么就滚回娘家让全家蒙羞。伤心绝望的凯纳兹选择跳河自杀，河水带着她从巴基斯坦漂向了印度。她被印度军/人所救，但也被怀疑是恐/怖分子，关进了监狱，一关就是7年。这样的两个人，最终相遇，自仇恨和误解中，获得了成长，获得了自由，获得了救赎。【结尾的小诗】：人们为结合而战斗我们战斗却是为了分离虽然我们拥抱了胜利我们赢得的却唯有泪水世上最遥远的距离是飞鸟与鱼不同的语言不同的国籍任众人预言我们的分离而我铭记你心跳的声音人们为结合而战斗我们战斗却是为了分离也许爱总是相遇又分离但依然要给你我的爱我们被各自的观念束缚着你给我的自由甚至让自由本身都感到羞愧人们为结合而战斗我们战斗却是为了分离我们定然还会再见在每晚的月光中相见北风会带去我的关切我们在思念中终得相聚在温柔的记忆中永远相伴我想说我遇到了一个疯狂的男人他教会我如何活着
1、首先要明确朦胧诗和新生代的创作背景和特征的差异。它是产生于反对wenge诗坛上“假、大、空”的标语口号式韵文，提出的是与蒙昧主义相对抗的人的觉醒的命题。而新生代产生之时没有反对旧有诗坛假大空口号噬诗歌的背景，它是在朦胧诗产生到一定阶段，自身发展受到制约因而寻求突破创新时产生的。他们一方面接受了朦胧诗的启蒙和滋养，可以说源于朦胧诗不是以反对的姿态产生的。但另一方面他们又对朦胧诗的不足进行了摒弃和批判，他们继承了朦胧诗人“因不满于单调划一的诗歌现状而要求艺术变革”的创作态度，他们企图超越“北岛们”的强大影响而形成的“阴影”，出于新文学的惯例，他们不满足现状，要求从新诗潮内部进行一场“哗变”，由于他们表现的形式是反叛“朦胧诗”，但不能简单看作他们是“朦胧诗”的反对者，而应该说是突破者。朦胧诗有自己的新的美学原则:一,不屑于作时代精神的号筒,不屑于表现自我感情世界以外的丰功伟绩,而是追求生活溶解在心灵中的秘密;二,强调自我表现;三,对于传统艺术习惯的背离.而新生代诗人的创作以“解构”为核心，消解理想，诉求心灵自由，因为时代个人社会等等因素，他们呈现出与北岛、舒婷为代表的朦胧诗人不同的创作风格和精神面貌。“新生代诗人”是从重新诘问和确认“诗是什么”的基本问题开始探索和实验的。他们提倡“回到本身”，回到生命或事物本身，这是朦胧诗发展到一定阶段后的深入。所以产生了与朦胧诗“表现自我”观有显著不同的创作理念，他们更强调生命的体验性、感觉性。2、具体到时代等内外因素对创作个体的价值取向和创作理念的影响80年代中期集群式崛起的“新生代”诗歌，有着比“朦胧诗”丰富得多的精神资源。70年代末开始的对西方文学、哲学与文化思想及成果的全面译介，以及在“发现”西方以后对东方文化的反观式发现，使“新生代”诗人一开始就置于一个多元文化景观和有多种选择性的文学环境之中。诗人所接受的文学和文化的影响，比“朦胧诗人”的远为复杂;在为确立自我而借诗歌来表达上，他们也自由的多。可以说这些影响下，诗人们有着和朦胧诗人不同价值取向和诗歌观念。3、文学发展的惯例--不断突破超越新生代诗试图超越朦胧诗，一个重要理由是这些在新的文化氛围中成长的更年轻了一代的诗人，感到朦胧诗的诗学里有较多的社会学因素，而他们自己所要追求的是穷索诗歌这种语言形式与人类生存或自我生命的本质关系。在寻找诗歌本体的过程中，新生代诗歌群体凭借自身文化构成上的优势，并利用了开放时代提供的机遇，对新诗建构生命形式的可能性进行了全面的尝试。可以说他们是文学发展历程上对朦胧诗的接续或激活，正是一种立足自身，并经由自身而发现、反抗、超越、重建传统。我想大概就是以上三点主要原因吧，他们之间是一种继承与改进的关系，不算对立关系，要记住这点。
为什么再互相喜欢的人结婚二十年后 ，也依然会出现互相讨厌，互相嫌弃的情况？
这是因为，经过这么多年的相处，互相时间都了解的透透的啦，没有了神秘感，就没有了
|
8,549 | 2 | 2 |
ungiamo il miele (2 cucchiai da cucina) e l'olio (1 cucchiaio da cucina). Il cocktail raffreddato viene versato in un contenitore di vetro.
Quando viene utilizzato, fai bollire 1 pila. latte e metterci dentro Ѕ Art. l. la miscela Dopo aver mescolato, puoi prendere 2 p. / Giorno.
Quando si otite, sciogliere il grasso, immergere un tampone di cotone con un liquido leggermente raffreddato e inserirlo delicatamente nell'orecchio (superficiale), legandolo con una sciarpa.
Per prevenire il congelamento, la pelle aperta deve essere coperta con strutto. Se il congelamento è ancora avvenuto, è necessario strofinare l'area interessata e cospargere di strutto, strofinandolo per circa 10 minuti.
Quando i brividi migliorano, le condizioni generali aiuteranno a strofinare il grasso dei piedi e dei palmi durante la notte. Il corso del trattamento è di 30 giorni.
Per ustioni con arrossamento e gonfiore, attaccare una fettina di grasso freddo crudo alla ferita. Se compaiono bolle, l'olio di olivello spinoso e l'unguento grasso aiuteranno (50 g ciascuno). Versare l'olio nello strutto fuso e applicare sulla ferita, coprendo l'area danneggiata con una benda.
Per le scottature solari al sole, puoi spalmare aree arrossate con lo stesso lardo. Dovrebbe essere applicato prima della concia per la prevenzione.
Se un dente fa male, dovresti attaccare il grasso crudo alle gengive infiammate. Dopo pochi minuti, il dolore si attenua.
Con malattia parodontale 1 cucchiaino. Il grasso interno deve essere riscaldato a bagnomaria. Tagliare l'infuso di radice di calamo in 150 ml di acqua. Dopo l'infusione aggiungere grasso fuso e sciacquare la bocca per 2 minuti.
Il grasso non contiene il colesterolo in proporzioni drammatiche, e quindi, dopo i 60 anni, non dovresti privarti completamente di tale piacere. Il suo uso regolare riduce la concentrazione di agenti cancerogeni nel sangue, una buona prevenzione dei problemi di cancro.
Come scegliere il grasso di alta qualità
Quanto il colesterolo nel lardo non sia così importante: in Noril'sk, quando si utilizza questo prodotto, 20 persone sono state infettate dalla trichinosi, una malattia molto pericolosa e difficile da trattare.
Per evitare tali effetti, prestare attenzione all'odore, all'aspetto, al colore e al gusto del prodotto.
- Il grasso del maiale è diverso dai maiali. Se non viene castrato in tempo, il prodotto avrà un odore sgradevole di urea. Puoi sentirlo solo quando è riscaldato, quindi gli accendini o le partite devono essere portati sul mercato.
- Esistono 2 metodi di lavorazione del maiale. Lo strutto importato è sempre bello, con una pelle liscia. Il grasso trattato con una fiamma ossidrica che conserva tracce di setole è un prodotto interno al 100%. A proposito, la pelle è meglio non mangiare affatto, poiché consiste in chitina, molto mal digerita dal corpo. 100 g di setola pura garantiscono l'infiammazione del tratto digestivo.
- Il grasso è un tessuto adiposo molto denso, le infezioni non possono praticamente svilupparsi lì. I microrganismi della trichinella arrivano se il grasso è rosa (gravemente sanguinante) o con le vene della carne. Nel 90% dei casi il trichinella non viene ucciso da alcuna quantità di sale e dal congelamento.
- Ispezionare la pelle: sul gammon dovrebbe esserci un sigillo dell'ispezione sanitaria veterinaria, a conferma che la materia prima è stata tagliata e mantenuta in condizioni igieniche adeguate.
- Il lardo importato viene coltivato su preparazioni ormonali, dove l'accento è posto sull'aumento della carne nel maiale. Sottile, molto denso, come la gomma, il grasso, senza il grasso tenero che si scioglie nelle mani, è un prodotto importato.
- Grasso domestico se premuto morbido, lascia un'ammaccatura. Ci sono fattoria e lardo domestico. Un pezzo grosso può essere preso senza dubbio - è un prodotto di origine familiare, il resto è maiale cresciuto con ormoni, antibiotici, biopremix.
- Solo il grasso fresco sarà benefico: i grassi ossidati ostruiscono il corpo con le tossine. I produttori senza scrupoli elaborano il lardo ingiallito con spezie colorate, trasformandolo in un "bacon ungherese". Pertanto, è necessario scegliere solo il grasso bianco e salarlo da soli. Il contenuto di colesterolo e di altre sostanze nocive nel lardo dipende dal metodo di preparazione.
- Il sapore della pancetta dipende da quale parte della carcassa tagliarla. La parte più difficile sono le guance, che si muovono costantemente mentre mangiano. Anche il collo è duro, anche con un coltello è perforato. Petto: grasso dalla parte posteriore - il più morbido e delizioso. Sul peritoneo, il grasso è anche morbido, ma più sottile, di regola, con uno strato di carne. Gammon morbido, ma poroso. Se lo spessore non è uniforme, questa è la lama. Di solito è più economico, adatto per carne macinata, salsicce.
- Il grasso dovrebbe essere provato non solo dalla pelle, ma attraverso la superficie. La freschezza può essere riconosciuta dalla brillantezza del lardo. Se luccica e la pelle non è troppo secca, il grasso è fresco. Salare i pezzi dalla pelle il proprietario dovrebbe ancora caldo.
- La buccia bruciata dalla paglia ha un colore giallo chiaro e uno spessore medio. Un coltello è perforato facilmente.Il colore marrone indica l'elaborazione con una fiamma ossidrica. Il gusto di questa opzione è molto più basso.
Nel video: consigli di esperti sulla selezione del grasso.
Vizia la forma e la salute non il prodotto stesso, ma la sua quantità e qualità, così oggi questa delicatezza viene completamente riabilitata.
È possibile mangiare grassi con colesterolo elevato?
Molti sono interessati alla domanda: c'è del grasso nel colesterolo e quanto è sicuro usare il corpo? Il colesterolo è una sostanza grassa, l'elemento costitutivo delle cellule. Contribuisce alla disgregazione e all'assorbimento dei grassi nell'intestino tenue, grazie a lui in quantità sufficienti produce ormoni sessuali. Nel corpo, il colesterolo diventa la vitamina D, che è particolarmente importante per la normale struttura e il funzionamento dei vasi sanguigni. Partecipa alla nutrizione delle cellule nervose, aiuta tutto il corpo a funzionare senza intoppi. Questo si riferisce al colesterolo sano, non agli acidi grassi trans dannosi che causano le placche di colesterolo.
Nuovi studi hanno dimostrato che il grasso non solo non provoca la deposizione di cellule adipose, ma le rimuove anche dal corpo. Inoltre, questo prodotto contiene una serie di utili e necessari per sostanze sanitarie.
Qual è il prodotto e le sue proprietà
Il lardo di maiale è ovviamente un prodotto grasso. I grassi in esso costituiscono la parte principale - oltre l'80% (a seconda di ciò che l'animale è stato nutrito), mentre i carboidrati e le proteine sono praticamente assenti. A causa della grande quantità di lipidi nella composizione del grasso - prodotto ad alto contenuto calorico, circa 850 kcal per 100 g Contiene strutto e colesterolo - 75 mg per 100 g Questo prodotto ad alto contenuto calorico è ricco di vitamine, selenio e zinco.
Il contenuto di colesterolo nel grasso è piuttosto grande, ma è davvero dannoso? Dosaggio del prodotto:
- Normalmente, una persona dovrebbe consumare 2.000-2.500 kcal al giorno. Circa il 25% di questa quantità dovrebbe essere grasso - è di circa 90 g.
- La maggior parte del grasso dovrebbe essere di origine animale e solo il 20% vegetale.
- Il lardo di maiale grazie al suo valore nutrizionale contribuirà a riempire le cellule di energia quando si mangia un pezzettino di questo gustoso prodotto.
Il grasso è ricco di acidi grassi, in particolare, arachidonico. Sono:
- effetto benefico sul cuore e sui vasi sanguigni;
- migliorare l'aspetto della pelle e prevenirne l'invecchiamento precoce;
- grazie all'acido arachidonico, le placche di colesterolo non si depositano sulle pareti dei vasi.
Il grasso viene assorbito più rapidamente dal corpo, poiché non contiene praticamente grassi refrattari, a differenza del manzo e dell'agnello. Quanto colesterolo è in questo prodotto che può danneggiare? Secondo gli esperti, non ci sono grassi trans nocivi nel grasso, cosa che non si può dire dei latticini, della margarina o delle salse.
Caratteristiche del metabolismo dei grassi
Il colesterolo nel sangue si accumula quando è in eccesso nel corpo, a causa di una dieta scorretta. Non c'è più grasso in esso rispetto a prodotti come:
- carni bovine;
- bovine;
- formaggi a pasta dura;
- pesce grasso
Tutti questi cibi con moderazione dovrebbero essere presenti nella dieta di ogni persona. I prodotti più dannosi possono essere chiamati burro, rognoni, tuorli, pasticcini con crema.
Con un alto livello di colesterolo benefico nei grassi, negli ormoni steroidei, negli acidi biliari, la vitamina D viene prodotta in quantità normale: se c'è una carenza di una sostanza nel corpo, il sistema immunitario può indebolirsi e spesso iniziare a ricorrere a malattie infettive. Nei bambini nei casi gravi viene rilevato un ritardo nello sviluppo mentale e fisico. Nelle donne che portano un bambino, il livello di colesterolo nel sangue aumenta, che è la norma.
La maggior parte del colesterolo è prodotto dal fegato e dall'intestino tenue, in misura minore dal cibo. In assenza di cibi grassi nella dieta, gli organi inizieranno a produrre intensivamente la sostanza, che è abbastanza dannosa e pericolosa per la salute. La produzione attiva di colesterolo porterà all'accumulo sotto la pelle sotto forma di peso in eccesso e placche nel sangue.
Quando viene chiesto se il grasso aumenta il colesterolo, la risposta è inequivocabile - no, perché per superare il tasso della sostanza che entra nel cibo, dovrai mangiare circa 450 grammi di grasso. Questa quantità, molto probabilmente, non sarà dominata nemmeno da un grande fan del lardo di maiale.
Nel volume normale, questo prodotto può essere consumato - non danneggia, ma migliora solo il funzionamento del corpo.
Uso corretto del prodotto
Puoi mangiare grassi anche per coloro che vogliono avere una figura snella e una salute eccellente. La cosa principale è monitorare la sua quantità. Ogni giorno non puoi consumare più di 35 g di delicatezza. Se c'è una patologia degli organi delle vie biliari, del pancreas o è sovrappeso, è meglio rifiutare grassi o altri grassi animali o mangiare in quantità molto piccole.
È utile usare la pancetta salata con verdure di stagione che sono ricche di fibre alimentari grossolane. Promuovono il legame degli acidi biliari e riducono i livelli di colesterolo. È buono mangiare prelibatezza di maiale con grano saraceno, legumi, crusca di frumento, pane di segale. Sono ricchi di lecitina - una sostanza che aiuta a migliorare la funzionalità epatica, previene la deposizione di placche aterosclerotiche e acido nicotinico, che migliora il metabolismo dei carboidrati e dei lipidi.
Spesso, il lardo di maiale è combinato con aglio, cipolla e spezie piccanti. È utile per produrre enzimi prodotti dal fegato. Grazie a loro, è possibile evitare lo sviluppo di aterosclerosi, come evidenziato dalla ricerca scientifica. Il prodotto di maiale è apprezzato per le sue proprietà radioprotettive. Si raccomanda a tutti coloro che vivono nella zona di alta radiazione.
È possibile mangiare grassi con colesterolo alto e quale? In presenza di aterosclerosi, patologie cardiovascolari, GB, è necessario mangiare grassi in quantità molto piccole più volte al mese, non di più. È necessario scegliere correttamente il prodotto a base di carne di maiale: lo strutto fresco ha un odore gradevole, tonalità rosa chiaro o bianco, buccia sottile.
Striature e lividi non dovrebbero normalmente essere presenti. Dopo l'acquisizione di grasso dovrebbe essere salato immediatamente - così salverà tutte le sostanze preziose e non rovinerà a lungo.
Non puoi mangiare una taverna, che è invecchiata, ingiallita, con un caratteristico odore sgradevole. Non vi è alcun uso nel prodotto affumicato, poiché spesso i produttori senza scrupoli aggiungono additivi artificiali di fumo e di bassa qualità. Se acquisti del lardo sul mercato, solo da venditori fidati che hanno documenti per la vendita di prodotti e condizioni di conservazione appropriate.
Raccomandazioni riguardanti la selezione del prodotto
Affinché il grasso tragga beneficio e ti delizia con il suo gusto, devi sapere come sceglierlo. Per fare questo, conduci:
- Ispezione del prodotto. Dovrebbe essere bianco, senza colore e striato. In presenza di grasso addominale tremante è meglio abbandonarlo.
- Annusalo. Il salo fresco ha un piacevole aroma di maiale. Alcuni artigiani sanno come maneggiare il prodotto mentre si taglia la carne di maiale con la paglia, sommandola leggermente. Questa delicatezza avrà una consistenza uniforme, un aroma sorprendente e un gusto eccellente.
- Quando si sente la taverna non dovrebbe tornare indietro - questo indica la sua rigidità.
Per preservare le proprietà del prodotto e prolungarne la durata, a casa è necessario tagliare il grasso in pezzi, asciugarlo accuratamente con sale e piegarlo in un contenitore sterile. Se lo si desidera, è possibile aggiungere grani di pepe nero, foglia di alloro e aglio.<|endoftext|>全英音乐颁奖典礼2011原名：Brit Awards 2011，
发布于2011年。集众多位Take that、Arcade Fire、Tinie Tempah等著名实力派明星加盟。并于2011-02-15公映的电视剧。
豆瓣评分6.6，算是一部中等的电视剧作品，感兴趣的朋友可以看看。类型为音乐的电视剧。创作于英国地区，具有英语语言版本。
全英音乐颁奖典礼2011在线观看资源：目前清晰度未知，请您自己尝试后再决定是否需要。
豆瓣评分6.6，算是一部中等的电视剧作品，感兴趣的朋友可以看看。
——以上信息由小兵播放提供<|endoftext|>
互联网竞价广告到底有什么秘密，一分钟告诉你！
发表时间：2019-07-30 01:54
在UC头条广告投放时，除信息流这样的广告形式之外，我们要深度理解竞价广告中的奥秘，这样才能够给广告主最好的广告投放体验，竞价广告和拍卖有什么区别又有那些相似，广告竞价到底是什么，只有了解了这些我们才能更好的广告运作。
竞价广告本质上涉及到三个问题：
1.广告主的出价空间：广告主是否能对于出价感讲真话？
2.广告主对于出价变化的收益变化是否可期？可期的收益变化，会在一定程度上减少投机。
3. 竞价系统的长远发展是否问题和平衡，出价和计费涉及到长远的推广策略，因此广告平台至关重要。
广义第一价格就是按照出价去计费，价格高者排在前面，它的优势就是简单，收入可保证，但是稳定性较差。各个广告主为了获得最佳收益，可以通过频繁修改投放价格而获得。举例来说，一个广告主为了获得展现，它会不断的的增加价格，在获得展现后，它又会开始不断的减少价格而降低成本，这种竞争是相对武断的，而且很容易知晓竞争对手的出价。另外，当出价最高广告主停止投放后，容易对广告平台收入产生较大的波动。在2002年之前，所有的搜索引擎都是第一出价法则。
2. 广义第二价格（GeneralizedSecond Price , GSP) 其实广义第一价格没有那么坏，对于大部分广告平台来说，至少收入在一定程度来说是最大的。那么如何更加吸引更多的广告主的投放?并且降低广告主投放的成本，减少优化的成本呢?谷歌在2002年，将广义第二价格的方式引入搜索引擎，基本原理就是按照下一位的出价，来实际扣费，为了鼓励广告主提高素材，广告点击率。实际计费的公式变成了收费=下一位价格*(下一位质量分／本位质量分）＋０.０１
3.还有一种计费方法
|
8,549 | 2 | 3 |
writing programs in which the computer would assume that the hypothesis in question was false and would then examine the consequences. If it found a contradiction, that would be proof that the hypothesis was true. The computer would also assume that the hypothesis was true and do the same thing, looking for contradictions that would show it was false.
To prevent the computer from getting lost in checking out lengthy chains of extended consequences, the investigators added strategies like ignoring any logical statements that contained more than 100 symbols.
"I got into strategy because I was a poker player and a bridge player," Wos said. "A good con man uses strategy. He figures out what your weakness is and plays to that weakness. He doesn't just randomly try to trick you."
Wos's computer programs were soon able to find proofs for basic mathematical problems. "We could do the problems sometimes better than the students and sometimes, once in a great while, better than the professors could," Wos said.
For more than 16 years, Wos and his colleagues stuck to problems from mathematics textbooks. Wos explained that when the computer tried to prove something for which a proof existed, and failed, the investigators knew that "there's a problem with our program." If they try to solve an unsolved problem, and fail, they have no way of knowing whether they missed something obvious.
"My own mathematician friends would say, 'Wos, why are you doing what we already know? Why don't you give us something new?' " Wos said. In the early 1970s, he said, he told one of his badgering friends that he thought it would be another 30, 40 or even 50 years before computers could solve major problems that had stumped mathematicians.
The first time they tried something new was in 1978, when Wos said, "a little baby problem" came along. They solved it, and then solved five others like it. Wos was ecstatic. "We had done more than I thought I could do in my lifetime," he said.
The group kept adding strategies to its programs. It added one recently that said to try things that worked in previous problems. Wos said some of his colleagues scoffed at that and that he himself did not know if it would work. But, he said, it turned out to be surprisingly useful.
In 1979, Wos learned about Robbins's problem but, although he and his colleagues tried to solve it from time to time with ever more refined computer programs, they failed. McCune joined the group in 1984, with a new Ph.D. from Northwestern University and a thirst to see how far he could push computers to go.
The fact that the Robbins conjecture was certifiably hard -- it had, after all, stumped some of the best minds in mathematics and had gone unsolved for decades -- appealed to McCune. But the problem also thwarted his best computer reasoning programs.
Finally, on Oct. 2, McCune gave the Robbins conjecture to a new automated reasoning program that he had written called EQP, for equational prover. Eight days later, on Oct. 10, the computer spewed out a proof. McCune, a low-key researcher, said he was "amazed." Wos, his exuberant supervisor, said, "Bill was in heaven."
Encouraged, McCune tried to get the computer to refine the proof. He started his program searching for a better proof on Nov. 15. It found one on Nov. 25.
McCune said he had checked his proof by computer and by hand. Dr. Mark Stickel of the Stanford Research Institute in Palo Alto, Calif., independently checked it with his computer program. And Burris independently checked it by hand.
Burris said the proof, freshly out of the computer, was in the form of statements so long that he had to print them sideways across the page, and he had to specify that the printer use small type. "It was pretty unreadable," he said. "The machine says, 'I got that step from two steps before, but it doesn't fill in all the details" He spent several days rewriting it and now has it down to three normal-looking pages of mathematical statements.
The proof will be published within a few months in The Journal of Automated Reasoning, Wos said. He will also publish it on the Internet and will put out a call for more problems as certifiably hard as Robbins's problem.
When he saw that he had actually proved Robbins's conjecture, McCune called the 81-year-old mathematician at his office at Rutgers, amazing him with the news. In a telephone interview, Robbins said he was delighted. "Isn't that marvelous," he said. "I'm glad I lived long enough to see it."
But McCune certainly had a different experience than a mathematician might have had if he or she had created the proof with pure thought. So was something lost in the process? Did McCune have anything resembling a Eureka moment?
Well, not quite, McCune said. "I have a good feeling," he said. "In a sense, I have a feeling that the computer has been creative."
McCune, however, said he had little interest in speculating on the philosophical implications of his work. "I just work on the problems and try to solve them," he said.
Not so Wos, who loves to ponder the meaning and future of human reasoning. After all, he said, he insisted on calling his computer project "automated reasoning," rather than "automated theorem proving," as some suggested, explaining that "it's not just mathematics that I care about."
Wos predicts that in a few decades computers might be as agile at reasoning as they now are at calculating.
Dr. Daniel Dennett, a philosopher who directs Tufts University's Center for Cognitive Studies, said, "Philosophers have often dreamt of such a device -- a thought processor instead of a word processor."
"If you start inferring invalidly because you left out a premise, it will say, 'Wait a minute,' " he explained.
"I want to tell people the real truth of it," Wos said. "If we succeed really big," he said, giving people hand held thought processors like they now have hand held numerical calculators, "what an incredible improvement we can make to their lives."
Following are links to the external Web sites mentioned in this article. These sites are not part of The New York Times on the Web, and The Times has no control over their content or availability. When you have finished visiting any of these sites, you will be able to return to this page by clicking on your Web browser's "Back" button or icon until this page reappears.<|endoftext|>Anahtar kelime araştırması
İşletmenizle ilgili olabilecek anahtar kelime ve cümlelerin belirlenmesi.
Teknik SEO
Web sitenin yapısı, hızı, mobil uyumluluğu ve benzeri faktörlerin optimize edilmesi.
Bağlantı inşa etme
Kaliteli ve etkili web sitelerinden size yönlendirme yapılmasını
İçerik optimizasyonu
Web sitenizin içeriğinin anahtar kelime yoğunluğu, başlık etiketleri, meta açıklamaları gibi SEO faktörleri açısından optimize edilmesi.
Analitik izleme ve raporlama
SEO çalışmasının etkililiğinin izlenmesi ve raporlanması.<|endoftext|>In the aftermath of the Wardian Case invention, these times were filled with the promise of success that seeds presented. But at the end of each issue catalogs had information listing sources for rare bulbs – in their hundreds. This would have been a very difficult task for someone in the 21st century.
Today, our selections in many ways have been reduced to seeds that we can grow easily and have a large market demand. We leave out selections that are hard to grow or seem unusual and grow only those that perform very well. Sounds great for those just starting out. But if you are like me who likes to try something botanically important, something unusual or different – then it’s much harder work. For those who lived in 1835, this might have even been a less difficult task. Because in the entire world right now, for bulbs I’d likely have one source while I’ll have 2 seed sources if I wanted lachenalia species seedlings.
If this were to be 1835, I would have made my way to several nursery stock houses in Boston via carriage and got all I needed. They’d have been species from different places such as the Cape of Good Hope to Guernsey, where I’d get Babiana bulbs and sarniensis respectively. It does come to mind that almost all these ships carried slaves, medical opium, fur and other likely profitable goods – so I’m not going to be all lovey-dovey about everything concerning Victorian horticulture. I’m also not oblivious that only clients in the usual 1% upper strata (that still have the privilege today) could afford such plants that would be raised in their greenhouses. The plant selections from these journals were posted over 100 years old, but they are what spur me.
I’m simply in awe at the information they hold whenever I open them up each weekend. I find something that was available and as if they were commonplace then. Sometimes the nomenclature is messy so a little research is done to get the names right. It’s challenging working around the taxonomy at times as several changes have been made to the Latin name since 1835. However, most times I’m on a virtual journey set off by notes I come up with.
I looked for the Paeonia moutan var. Banksii today also called the suffruticosa. The plant grew in Boston as a greenhouse plant and later on displayed at an exhibition during a snowstorm when it was in bloom at Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Really amazing, right? A lot of the time, though, I feel proud of content I put out. Sometimes the topics on my blog and that of other gardening blogs don’t sound exactly alike. Sometimes I amuse myself with the thought of – but can’t bring myself to do stuff like – writing content with SEO titles in ‘top 1’ posts style or with the use of keywords like “Awesome DIY Seeds Bombs” or “life hack”. It’s not that doing this isn’t fun or it doesn’t work but hey, some of us started with the easy stuff, so I’ve come to appreciate how raising something like a sunflower might be really fun for a child or how a beginner gardener might feel about manure tea. In a broader sense, I’m trying to say that the description of my blog is subject to the person who the answer is directed at – “Well, I’m into Victorian flowers” or “heirloom vegetables are my primary talents and then some fruits”. While others in describing my content may say, “he focuses on writing about both the amazing plants in his greenhouse and the greenhouse itself”. Well, I’m sure there’s more to it even that says a lot about what I do.<|endoftext|>2005 yapımı, Andrew Niccol tarafından yazılıp yönetilen Lord of War, dünya üzerindeki güçlü hükümetlerin fakir Afrika ülkelerini silah kaçakçılığıyla nasıl yönettiğini, silah kaçakçılığının günümüz dünyasında ne kadar büyük bir ticari kar sağladığını gösteren bir film. Başrolde Nicholas Cage, yardımcı rollerde de Ethan Hawke ve Jared Leto'nun oynadığı film, diğer Hollywood yapımlarının aksine kendi ülkesini ve politikalarını eleştirerek bu konuda diğerleriden ayrılıyor.
Filmde Nicholas Cage Ukraynalı bir ailenin büyük oğlu olarak Amerika'ya çalışmaya geliyor ve çalıştığı lokantada silahlı çatışma sonucu birbirini öldüren insanlar görmesiyle hayata bakışı değişiyor. Bu andan itibaren bir silah kaçakçısı olarak, silah kaçakçılığının nasıl yapıldığını, ne gibi prosedürleri olduğunu, alıcıları satıcıları hepsini gözler önüne seriyor. Bunu yaparken de silah kaçakçılığının kötü birşey olmadığı izlenimi veriyor seyirciye.
Filmle ilgili en çarpıcı ve filmi özetleyen cümle ise şu belki de; "Here are over 550 million fireams in worldwide circulation. Thats 1 firearm for every 12 people on the planet. The only question is how do we arm the other 11?"
Dünya üzerindeki savaşlar, silah kaçakçılığı ve insan hayatının nasıl harcandığı konusunda harika bir film. Kaçırmamanızı öneririz, iyi seyirler.<|endoftext|>Il Servizio di sicurezza dell'Ucraina ha denunciato gli ucraini che, su istruzione dei servizi speciali della Federazione Russa, avrebbero commesso provocazioni contro la popolazione russa .
Secondo le forze dell'ordine, i servizi speciali russi hanno sviluppato con cura un piano di provocazioni e sabotaggi diretti contro la loro stessa popolazione, per poi incolpare l'Ucraina di questo .
“Il paese aggressore potrebbe utilizzare tali azioni come un altro motivo per giustificare ulteriori pressioni sull'Ucraina”, afferma il rapporto.
Si noti che i servizi speciali della Federazione Russa hanno reclutato tre residenti nella regione di Kiev, persone provenienti da circoli criminali . Per compiere provocazioni sul territorio della Russia, gli aggressori dovevano essere muniti di documenti falsi.
Gli ucraini reclutati sono stati incaricati di formare due gruppi di cinque persone ciascuno e la partenza del primo gruppo per la Federazione Russa era prevista nei prossimi giorni.
La SBU ha arrestato ucraini che stavano pianificando atti di sabotaggio contro i russi per ordine dei servizi speciali russi / 8 foto
Per commettere provocazioni, è stata sviluppata un'istruzione passo dopo passo e gli aggressori hanno dovuto ricevere i dettagli della transazione in Russia. Al termine dell'attività, a ciascuno degli ucraini reclutati sono stati promessi $ 4.000 .
I curatori russi hanno assicurato ai cittadini ucraini che dopo aver completato il compito sarebbero stati rimandati a casa.
“Tuttavia, secondo i dati disponibili, hanno pianificato di liquidare in modo dimostrativo i provocatori durante la detenzione “, ha riferito la SBU.
La SBU è stata in grado di impedire l'attuazione di provocazioni e gli organizzatori ei loro complici sono stati simultaneamente detenuti a Kiev e nella regione .
ReadRestituito come spia dopo i guadagni: SBU ha denunciato l'ucraino reclutato dai servizi russi
Queste persone sono istruttrici di club sportivi di arti marziali di contatto e in precedenza sono state più volte coinvolte dalle forze filo-russe per eseguire provocazioni e azioni di protesta su misura in diverse regioni dell'Ucraina.
Le forze dell'ordine hanno anche scoperto che nell'ottobre-dicembre dello scorso anno, i provocatori sono ricorsi al vandalismo sul monumento a Stepan Bandera a Ternopil, sulla sinagoga di Odessa e sulla rappresentanza straniera a Odessa .
Inoltre, uno dei detenuti ha creato un'ala di potere , che includeva atleti e rappresentanti della malavita. Il gruppo avrebbe dovuto partecipare a rivolte pagate a Kiev alla fine di gennaio 2022, il che avrebbe dovuto provocare risse.
Durante le perquisizioni agli aggressori sono state sequestrate armi da fuoco con cartucce, copie di passaporti stranieri di persone che avrebbero dovuto essere inviate nella Federazione Russa per commettere provocazioni .
L'indagine prosegue le azioni investigative e le forze dell'ordine hanno già aperto il procedimento penale ex art. 111 (Tradimento di Stato) del codice penale ucraino.<|endoftext|>Il partito del potere del popolo ha vinto nettamente le elezioni legislative, ma non ha ottenuto un numero sufficiente di voti per governare da solo. Il Ppp, che raggruppa gli alleati dell’ex primo ministro Thaksin Shinawatra deposto dal colpo di stato militare incruento l’anno scorso e oggi in esilio, ha ottenuto 228 dei 480 seggi.
Il leader, Samak Sundaravej, ha dichiarato: “Il popolo thailandese ha perso la libertà il 19 settembre 2006 senza una ragione valida, ora i risultati delle elezioni dimostrano che chi vuole agire illegittimamente deve pensarci su due volte”.
Il risultato apre le porte al ritorno di Thaksin, oggetto di numerose inchieste per corruzione in Thailandia, dove i suoi averi, stimati in oltre due miliardi di dollari, sono stati congelati.
“Probabilmente – ha detto Thaksin da Hong Kong – il governo democratico sarà formato a metà febbraio e da quel momento potrò considerare quando rientrare”.
Per il Ppp ora si tratta di trovare alleati tra gli altri 38 partiti del Paese. Ma rimane l’incognita dell’esercito, che potrebbe non voler permettere il ritorno al potere degli uomini vicini all’ex premier che hanno destituito.<|endoftext|>Potentially unsafe levels of toxic minerals were found on mountain bike trails throughout former mining areas in the Sierra Nevada, including the Downieville area. One of the promoters of the Downieville Classic says further studies should have occurred before publication.
Soil samples from some mountain bike trails in Nevada City, Forestville and Downieville are contaminated with levels of lead, arsenic and asbestos that could pose a threat to mountain bikers inhaling trail dust, according to a study released last Tuesday.
The study, conducted by The Sierra Fund, found contaminated soil in areas that were once heavily mined. Hundreds of years after miners abandoned the area, mine tailings and waste rock remain, affecting the soil on some of these trails, the study said.
The study, which looked at 11 trails and took 80 samples in summer 2009, said that mountain biking, by throwing mud and dust, can generate clouds of contaminated dust breathed in by companions. In wet conditions, contaminated mud can land on the skin and absorb into the body, according to the report.
Wayne Hoffman, co-promoter of the Downieville Classic and a founding member of the Sierra Buttes Trail Stewardship, doesn't dispute that toxic minerals from mining persist in some areas, but is worried the study might be unnecessarily causing alarm. While the study tested the soil on and around the trails, the study did not test airborne levels of lead, arsenic and asbestos. Hoffman said measuring the actual air quality would give a more accurate picture of the danger.
"Their contention is that if you've got motorcycles and bikes kicking this stuff up in the air, what kind of a health risk does that create?" Hoffman said. "There's nothing in that study saying that things are being taken airborne."
Hoffman, who first heard of the report when it was released, said he's worried that concerns about safety could undo progress being made in developing mountain biking in the area and bringing in business to the community. The stewardship, Hoffman said, plans to follow up with the study authors to know more about where they are coming from and
|
8,549 | 3 | 0 |
as an associate professor and was chairwoman of its veterinary anatomy department in the 1970s.
A day before she was scheduled to receive the Nobel, Dr. Maathai was forced to respond to a report in The East African Standard, a daily newspaper in Nairobi, that she had likened AIDS to a “biological weapon,” telling participants in an AIDS workshop in Nyeri that the disease was “a tool” to control Africans “designed by some evil-minded scientists.”
She said her comments had been taken out of context. “It is therefore critical for me to state that I neither say nor believe that the virus was developed by white people or white powers in order to destroy the African people,” she said in a statement released by the Nobel committee. “Such views are wicked and destructive.”
In presenting her with the Peace Prize, the Nobel committee hailed her for taking “a holistic approach to sustainable development that embraces democracy, human rights and women’s rights in particular” and for serving “as inspiration for many in the fight for democratic rights.”
Dr. Maathai received many honorary degrees, including an honorary doctorate from the University of Pittsburgh in 2006, as well as numerous awards, including the French Legion of Honor and Japan’s Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun. She was the author of several books, including “Unbowed: A Memoir,” published in 2006.
She is survived by three children, Waweru, Wanjira and Muta, and a granddaughter, according to the Green Belt Movement.
Former Vice President Al Gore, a fellow Peace Prize recipient for his environmental work, said in a statement, “Wangari overcame incredible obstacles to devote her life to service — service to her children, to her constituents, to the women, and indeed all the people of Kenya — and to the world as a whole.”
In her Nobel Prize acceptance speech, Dr. Maathai said the inspiration for her work came from growing up in rural Kenya. She reminisced about a stream running next to her home — a stream that has since dried up — and drinking fresh, clear water.
“In the course of history, there comes a time when humanity is called to shift to a new level of consciousness,” she said, “to reach a higher moral ground. A time when we have to shed our fear and give hope to each other. That time is now.”<|endoftext|>سقوط شاخص بورس به کانال ۱میلیون و ۳۰۰هزار
شاخص کل بورس در پایان کار امروز بازار سهام با افت ۱۳ هزار و ۸۵۷ واحدی در ارتفاع یک میلیون و ۳۹۸ هزار واحدی قرار گرفت. شاخص کل با معیار هموزن نیز ۱۷۱۹ واحد کاهش یافت و رقم ۴۶۳ هزار و ۷۱۵واحد را ثبت کرد.
معاملهگران امروز دو میلیون معامله به ارزش ۱۲۹ هزار و ۶۸۸ میلیارد ریال انجام دادند.
سرمایه گذاری تامین اجتماعی، ملی صنایع مس ایران، سرمایه گذاری نفت و گاز و پتروشیمی تامین، پالایش نفت اصفهان، پالایش نفت تهران و پالایش نفت بندرعباس نسبت به سایر نمادها بیشترین تاثیر منفی و در مقابل معدنی و صنعتی گل گهر نسبت به سایر نمادها بیشترین تاثیر مثبت را روی بورس گذاشتند.
شاخص کل فرابورس نیز ۲۴۳واحد کاهش یافت و در رقم ۱۹ هزار و ۷۳۳ واحد ایستاد.
معامله گران این بازار یک میلیون معامله به ارزش ۱۴۸ هزار و ۹۶۸ میلیارد ریال انجام دادند.<|endoftext|>“The eye sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehend.”
– Henri-Louis Bergson, French Philosopher
Perspective comes from a prepared mind, one expanded by life experiences and diverse interests. At work and in life, our perceptions of individuals can have positive or negative consequences, and long memories. Their image can be altered at any moment, to meet the needs of someone else. Much like a photograph in a dark room.
Just as photos can be distorted to meet our individual preferences, so can our perspective of people. The image we see is what we believe people to be – not who they are. Our distorted lens affects our relationships and impacts the work we do.
Who is right and who is wrong? Is the more important question – why do we see what is in front of us differently?
Think of the people you work with. Some always agree with you and tell you what you want to hear. Some always disagree with your ideas. Most are somewhere in between. Dueling perspectives are part of every workplace, and we would benefit from learning how to value these differences more effectively.
Admired leaders with a broad perspective often do the following:
- Realize people at work are not photographs to be distorted in the dark room.
- Shine the light to realize their own biases and meet others where they are.
- Resist dismissing people who make a mistake, have a different opinion, or simply lack perspective.
- Create a culture where everyone on the team has a mind prepared to comprehend.
Three keys to gaining, keeping, and sharing your perspective:
Read strategically, build a new network of people who know what you do not know, identify interesting topics to study deeper, and look for how all this new learning connects. The ideas and people who brought you this far were career builders – you now need to step to a new level.
Under pressure, our perspective can be threatened. We are tempted to react impulsively to short term needs. Effective leaders protect the perspective they have worked hard to create, sharing their point of view, and having the confidence to maintain their convictions. They stay strong, provide hope, and remain open minded.
Like a fine meal, a rich perspective is best shared with others. Admired leaders invest their perspective in the next generation – to provide them a running start. A broad perspective lost through a job change or retirement is a terrible thing to waste.
I worked hard as a leader to gain and keep my perspective. Where I fell short was sharing. My fixed mindset was self-important – building my credibility and staying cool under fire. The good news is I have moved from regret to responsibility, and my teaching and coaching duties enable me to share my perspective daily.
Your perspective is a gift to others – unwrap the gift.
All the best,<|endoftext|>How does the Sentinel System gather and organize its data, and where does it come from? The Sentinel System is comprised of health care organizations, known as Data Partners, that have medical billing information and electronic health records. This data is collected routinely with every healthcare encounter and is used to answer FDA’s medical product safety questions. Each Data Partner keeps their own data and controls who can access it.
Each Data Partner runs analyses through a data program and sends the deidentified results to the Sentinel Operations Center. The Sentinel System’s distributed approach maintains patient privacy and data security.
A Standardized Data Structure: the Sentinel Common Data Model
The distributed approach is important for creating larger datasets so FDA can study rare adverse events or drugs used in small populations. It also requires a standardized data structure. This standardized data structure is the Sentinel Common Data Model. Data Partners transform their data locally into the Sentinel Common Data Model format. During this transformation, Data Partners remove or mask directly identifiable patient information. The standardized format enables them to execute routine querying tools, enabling FDA to conduct studies quickly, compared to writing new programs for each new study.
A Combined Collection of Datasets: the Sentinel Distributed Database
The Sentinel Distributed Database is the collection of harmonized datasets from many different Data Partners. These datasets are all in the Sentinel Common Data Model format. The figure below illustrates Sentinel’s distributed data approach.
The Sentinel Distributed Database has quality-checked data from a variety of sources:
- National health insurance plans
- Large integrated delivery systems
- Health care organizations
The data is from patient interactions in the United States healthcare system. Records of those interactions are held by the patients' insurers and providers.
For example, fictitious patient (shown below) is a male enrolled in a health plan. He's experienced several medical encounters between 2017 and 2019.
The following information from the patient's medical encounters appear in Sentinel data:
- Prescription information
One of the most important features of the Sentinel System is that can capture each healthcare encounter, diagnosis, and prescription for patients—no matter where they get their healthcare. This comprehensive data is what makes it possible for FDA to study the side effects of drugs and other medical products.
Sentinel has the ability to set up linkages and broaden the kinds of data available for use in the Sentinel System. Complementary data sources include registries and other databases that collect information on vaccines, deaths, cancer, and other drugs or health outcomes using a system expressly designed to capture it.
Why the Sentinel System Has Complementary Data Sources
Collaboration with registries and prescribing databases supplements core claims and administrative data. Collaboration also creates opportunities to confirm exposures and outcomes used in Sentinel analyses.
The illustration below shows the connection between complementary data sources and Sentinel.
You can find projects exploring the potential use of complementary data sources in the table below.
The data quality review process is a joint effort between the SOC and its Data Partners. The SOC provides detailed guidelines for characterizing the data that Data Partners create using the Sentinel Common Data Model (SCDM) rules.
Sentinel Data Quality Review and Characterization Process
The following steps ensure that Sentinel data are of the highest quality.
Preparing Data for Quality Review and Characterization: Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL)
Data Partners routinely update the Sentinel Distributed Database (SDD) with new data. This begins with a process called Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL).
1. The Data Partner extracts data from their internal systems.
These may be insurance claims databases, billing systems, or electronic health record systems.
2. Data Partners then transform these data into the formats specified by the SCDM.
This ensures that Sentinel System users can compare data across Data Partners, regardless of the source of that data.
3. Finally, the Data Partner loads the data into the SDD.
Here, it undergoes a thorough quality assurance review.
Sentinel Data Quality Review and Characterization Process
The Data Partner transforms new data into the SCDM and notifies the SOC that the new data are ready for review.
The SOC distributes a quality assurance computer program. This program checks the data according to the standards specified in the SCDM. There are three levels of data checks, as described below.
Level 1 Check: Is Everything There?
The package automatically checks the data for completeness and validity, analyzing for items such as missing variables, values, or entire tables.
Level 2 Check: Do the Data Make Sense?
This review is also done automatically by the package, evaluating the data for cross-table consistency.
Level 3 Check: How Does It Look Compared to the Last ETL?
SOC staff carry out this review. They ensure the stability and consistency of the data over time.
1. The Data Partner will then run the quality assurance computer program.
The computer program will perform the Level 1 and 2 measures described. The computer program is complete once it has run all Level 1 and Level 2 review checks without failing. The computer program will also create results for the SOC to review and perform Level 3 checks.
2. The Data Partner will explain any potential issues identified by the computer program.
The Data Partner will then return this report to the SOC. This report also includes the results produced by the computer program.
3. Once the SOC receives output from the Data Partner, the SOC will conduct a Level 3 review.
This ensures the consistency of the data across ETLs. The SOC will send a report containing questions about the data to the Data Partner.
4. The Data Partner investigates and answers any questions from the SOC.
Then, the SOC will approve the data for use in Sentinel analyses.
|Using a Handheld Device for Patient Data Collection: A Pilot for Medical Countermeasures Surveillance||Complete||11/30/2016|
|Mini-Sentinel: Birth Certificate Data Matching for the Postlicensure Rapid Immunization Safety Monitoring (PRISM) Program||Complete||04/24/2016|
|Exploration of Potential for Sentinel and PCORnet Data Linkage||Complete||11/24/2015|
|Mini-Sentinel: Equipping PRISM for Pandemic Influenza: Interoperability Specification for Data Partners and Immunization Registries||Complete||10/16/2013|
|Mini-Sentinel: Anonymous Linking of Distributed Databases||Complete||09/24/2013|
|Mini-Sentinel: Identifying Complementary Data Sources (PRISM)||Complete||02/13/2012|<|endoftext|>Imagine spending Christmas day without a tree or turkey, sitting in a muddy trench with strangers. Christmas was a particularly hard time for servicemen in the First World War, when they began to feel especially homesick and their morale suffered. A charity called the Overseas Club decided to supply men on the front line with Christmas gifts to raise their spirits.
In 1915, the charity sent out an appeal to schoolchildren, asking them to raise money so that gift boxes could be purchased and sent to servicemen. Sir Edward Ward, who was in charge of the Overseas Club, wrote to children, asking them to imagine ‘how unhappy [the soldiers] must be…when they have to stand hour after hour, in the trenches, often deep in water, with shells bursting all around.’
The money raised was used by the charity to fill the boxes with small, useful presents to make soldiers’ lives more comfortable, such as socks, chocolates and cigarettes (at the time people did not realise that smoking caused health problems).
Children who raised over a certain amount of money received a certificate praising their efforts. Walter Whiteley, a young boy from Sheffield was sent an Overseas Club certificate for his fundraising work in 1915 (pictured above). The certificate shows two children passing presents to a soldier and a naval officer. On the bottom left is a seal of approval and the aims of the Overseas Club are written out, including: ‘to help one another’ and to ‘draw together in the bond of comradeship British people the world over’.
As the appeal was a huge success it was repeated in 1916. A poster campaign claimed the need for donations was ‘very urgent’, with Christmas approaching, and that soldiers and sailors ‘will be wondering whether they are going to have some more presents…this year’.
Today, Christmas boxes are still sent to troops serving in overseas conflicts.
Appeal – a serious or heartfelt request
Ceasefire – a temporary break in fighting agreed by both sides
Front Line – (in war) the position of an army closest to the enemy
Morale – how a person or group feels at a particular time
Mutual – both sides agree/feel the same
Shells – hollow objects filled with explosives<|endoftext|>Pantolon Rolü Terimi Hakkında Bilgiler
Tiyatro Terimi Olarak Pantolon Rolü:
Bir kadın tarafından oynanan erkek veya oğlan çocuğu rolü. Kesin anlamıyla pantolon rolü, sadece ya olayın kurgusunda kıyafet değiştirme olayı olduğu zaman ya da yazarın figür için rol dağıtımının gereği olarak söz konusu olur.
Benzer Tiyatro Terimleri:
Dekor: 1- Tiyatroda, sahneyi eserin konusuna göre döşeyip hazırlamada kullanılan eşyanın toplu adı. Üç çeşit dekor vardır: realist dekor, şiarane dekor, st
Çözüm Sahnesi: Oyun konusunun tamamlanıp sonuca ulaştırıldığı yer
Trajikomik: Hem acı, hem gülünç olayların anlatıldığı tiyatro. Olaylar gülünç ama olay kahramanları acınacak hâlde verilir.
Grotesk: 1- Gülünç, güldürücü. 2- Tiyatroda karikatürleştirme işleminin özü olan grotesk,seyirciyi yabancılaştırarak, tuhaf ve şaşırtıcı biçimlerle karşıt g
Biyomekanik Oyunculuk: Sovyet yönetmen Meyelhold'un oyunculuk estetiği. Bu oyunculukta hareket sözden daha önemlidir. Anlam, hareket ve tavırlarla verilir. Bu anlayışta oyun
Merak: Olay dizisinin gelişimi ile seyircide uyandırılan soru duygusu: gerilim sağlayıcı öğe.
En Suite: Kesintisiz seride. Büyük ticari şehir tiyatroları gösteri masraflarını mümkün olduğu kadar düşük tutabilmek için kasa gelirlerini arttırarak prodüktör
Retorik: Konuşma sanatı, konuşma sanatı kuram. Retorik, tiyatro bağlamında kendine özgü bir özellik gösterir; çünkü tiyatroda hem doğrudan sahnedeki oyuncuya,<|endoftext|>康明斯天然气发动机在商用车的应用
美国康明斯公司是最早进行代用燃料技术的发动机公司之一，是世界上运输和公共客车行业最主要的代用燃料发动机造商，拥有全系列的150～300马力天然气发动机（压缩天然气和液化天然气）。从1999年起，康明斯在中国市场推出了康明斯B系列（B5.9G）195马力和230马力的天然气发动机(CNG)，并协助北京公交创造了“天然气商用客车的三个第一”，即“全球城市天然气大客车数量第一的车队（1,890辆）”、“全球长度第一的大客车（18米长绞接车）”及“全球高度第一的天然气大客车（双层巴士）”。
设计特点
天然气发动机的优点包括：大量节约燃料费用（可节约燃料费用1/4以上），降低运输成本；辛烷值高，抗爆性好，热值高（〉31.4MJ/sm3），可提高发动机的热效率，降低噪音；对发动机润滑油破坏小，不结炭，可减少发动机磨损，延长发动机使用寿命；燃点高，不易发生火灾，安全性好；释放的二氧化碳含量较低等。康明斯B5.9G天然气发动机在设计上还具有下列特点：
* 根据天然气的物理性质和热力学的燃烧特性，按照增压型天然气稀薄燃烧的技术设计的缸盖和活塞燃烧室，压缩比为10.5：1，确保发动机输出强劲的动力。发动机采用稀薄闭环电子控制系统，并装配高性能的线圈火花塞一体的点火装置的CM42Q电子控制模块管理点火系统，可自动调节空气与天然气的配比，使空燃比为27:1，与传统发动机相比，热效率和冷却器的燃烧温度提高25～50%，排放达到美国环保署清洁燃料车队超低排放标准（EPA98LEV）和加州空气资源委员会选择性低NOx（2.5）标准（CRB）。用康明斯的第四代电子喷射的天然气减压、供气、储气装置，用空中－空冷模式降低进气歧管进气温度，优化空气进气系统，降低排气污染；
* 用装有电控废气旁通阀的霍尔塞特水冷式涡轮增压器，
|
8,549 | 3 | 1 |
not chained to one lone way of thinking about the world or to any single story of truth.
This brings us back to Plato's allegory. To the cave dweller, the shadows on the wall may be all that she or he has ever known, but they are not enough. The shackled cave dweller is not complete; nor are we as educators and students if we do not openly face ourselves.
If that troubled young man came back now to ask, "What can I do?" I would still tell him to change his proverbial light bulbs. After all, behaviour change is a certain part of any lasting ecological relationship. But I would also welcome and accompany him on a transformative educational journey to boldly confront our ecological thoughtprints.
Ecological Thoughtprint Activities
Goal: Students use personal reflection to recognize their own and others' thoughtprints.
Participants: Pairs/groups, grades 8-12 (For grades 5-9, omit the academic names for ways of thinking and simplify the statements).
Further study: Groups research the history of their assigned way of thinking and how, at key points in time, it may have helped to legitimize changes in human behaviour toward the planet.
- Establish guidelines for respectful dialogue.
- Present each group with a challenging statement which represents a certain way of thinking. Simplified statements and their underlying ways of thinking, may include:
- Humans are separate from Nature (dualism).
- Nature is like a factory which manufactures various products and materials (mechanism).
- Scientific knowledge is the best form of knowledge about Nature (scientism).
- Humans are superior to other living beings (speciesism).
- Society in the present is better than in the past, and society in the future will be better than in the present (progressivism).
- Each group discusses their statement, guided by the following questions:
- What does this mean?
- Do you agree? If so, are you sure? What makes you so sure?
- Where do you think you adopted this belief?
- If you do not agree with this statement, what gives you doubt?
- Do your daily actions match your belief about this statement? Why or why not? What would it mean to truly act out this belief?
- Are there people in different places or times in history who might disagree with this statement? Why do you think they would disagree?
- Groups summarize their discussion and present to the class.
Where do our words come from?
Goal: Students examine common Nature-related words to gain insight on problematic thoughtprints, and to become more curious about the origin of their own words and thoughts.
Participants: Pairs, grades 11-12.
Further study: Students critically examine other Nature-related words they find in media, such as their textbooks, newspapers (etc.) to identify underlying ways of thinking.
- Introduce Chet Bowers' quotation "Every word has a history." Every word (and the concept it encodes) comes from a specific time, place and culture. Through language, we inherit and pass along historical ways of thinking about the world, often without realizing.
- Give each pair a word commonly used to talk about ecology, such as: environment, resource, species, organism, park, pollution, agriculture, garbage, livestock, progress, virgin forest, landfill/dump, game (wild animal), recycling, evolution, ecosystem, deforestation, climate, farm, zoo, property, civilization, science, etc.
- Students use the Online Etymology Dictionary (http://www.etymonline.com/) to investigate their original meanings/roots and from where and when these words came into everyday use. Have students share their results with the class.
- Ask each pair to discuss:
- How did the initial use of these new words change how people thought about Nature?
- What sorts of beliefs are hidden behind these words? (e.g. The term "environment" is based on the idea that Nature is what surrounds but does not include us.)
- If we didn't have these words, how might we talk about Nature?
- Why is it important to know the place, time and culture from which we got Nature-related words?
Goal: Students understand that the modern way of thinking about natural resources is only one of many possible cultural perspectives.
Participants: Small groups, grades 5-12 (To adapt for younger learners, ask them to draw their perception of the resource).
Further study: Using cue cards, make two piles, one of resources and the other of different cultures from around the world. Each student randomly chooses one resource and one culture (including a modern culture) from each pile. She or he must make a research poster showing what significance this resource has in this particular culture.
- Each group chooses an image (or, when possible, a sample) of a "natural resource": water, air, fish, trees, rocks, soil, the Sun, etc.
- Students silently spend a few minutes reflecting on what their "resource" personally means to them.
- Group members discuss:
- What did you think about? What was the first thing that came to mind?
- Why do you think this came to mind? Where did you get this idea?
- In what way is this resource most significant (or important) to you? Why?
- Does this resource have significance beyond its modern uses (for human consumption/exploitation)?
- How might humans act toward this resource if they accept only the modern perspective?
- How might different cultures or peoples in history regard this resource? How might they then act toward it?
1. Plato, Republic ("The Simile of the Cave"), Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974, pp. 240-48.
2. C. Ponting, A Green History of the World, Sinclair-Stevenson Limited, 1991.
3. S. Goobie,
Yes We Can: Sustaining a Language for the Land in Education (M.Ed. capstone paper), 2009.
4. S. Harding, "Is Science Multicultural? Challenges, Resources, Opportunities, Uncertainties", in D. T. Goldberg (Ed.), Multiculturalism: A Critical Reader, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1994.
5. E. P. Johnson, Legends of Vancouver, Canada: McClelland & Steward, 1961.
About the Author: Stephen K. Goobie is Vice Principal and teacher at Bodwell High School, an international school in North Vancouver, British Columbia which promotes cross-cultural understanding. He is also a director of Cool North Shore, a regional climate change advocacy group, and is currently developing the "Ecological Thoughtprint Analysis Tool" for use by educators. Stephen may be contacted at email@example.com.<|endoftext|>Dopo mesi, anzi anni, di ritardi, finalmente sembra che il reboot del cult Il corvo stia per spiccare il volo. La pellicola, diretta da Corin Hardy, dovrebbe finalmente entrare in lavorazione a marzo 2016.
Le peripezie vissute dal film sono note. Nel 2008 il regista Stephen Norrington si accostò alla materia, seguito da Juan Carlos Fresnadillo e Francisco Javier Gutiérrez. Uno dopo l'altro, tutti questi registi si sono defilati a causa di problemi produttivi.
Corin Hardy, però, ha resistito ed è rimasto saldamente legato al progetto anche quando ha perso i possibili interpreti Luke Evans e Jack Huston. Visto che la data di marzo sembra quella buona, adesso il lavoro di Hardy sarà quello di trovare l'interprete del nuovo Eric Draven. "Ho qualcuno in mente che sarebbe una scelta fresca e ispirata" ha svelato di recente il regista. "Non è chi pensate voi... Sono stati mesi strani. Sto dando forma al cast. Sono stato nei Pinewood Studios in Galles, dove ho i miei uffici e il mio team artistico pronto per le riprese. Spero che il film non sia maledetto, sarebbe terribile! Ho girato un solo film indipendente e ci ho impiegato otto anni, perciò credo che sia proprio il contrario."<|endoftext|>giovedì 21 agosto 2014
IL BATTERIO RITROVATO SETTECENTO ANNI DOPO
Sui resti di un uomo sepolto da 700 anni sotto le rovine del villaggio sardo di Geridu, è stato isolato il Dna del batterio della brucellosi, infezione del bestiame che può colpire l'uomo con febbre, dolori articolari, affaticamento . La tecnica di analisi genetica cui si deve la scoperta - dell'inglese Warwick Medical School - consente di far luce sulla diffusione di malattie nel passato . In particolare, un'epidemia potrebbe essere stata la causa dello spopolamento di Geridu sul finire del XIV secolo .<|endoftext|>A rainwater tank is the key aspect of rainwater harvesting system. However, you must consider the various components in the system so that the water quality does not get affected. Thus, identify the important components of rainwater harvesting system before planning to install one.
Remember, the components which are listed below can be of a good quality only if you purchase the rainwater harvesting sytem from a reputed supplier of water treatment systems in Cork.
Gutter Guard Screening
Invest in gutter screens if your home surrounding is prone to bush and trees. It might be a good idea to prevent leaves and debris from building up and blocking the gutters. Free flow of rainwater is obvious.
Rain Head/Leaf Eater
Rain heads are also known as leaf eaters. They deflect leaves and debris to prevent their entry into the pipes that carry water. They are installed just below the gutter downpipe, at the top of the pipework that directs rainwater into the tank.
It is important to install tank screening to prevent mosquitoes, insects and debris from finding their way into the tank. This screening is installed on top of the tank.
Installing water diverters is a good idea when your tank water is distributed in the home. When it rains for the first time, it often contains dust and debris. Thus, to divert and flush this dirty water away from the tank, water diverters are a good component.
When choosing rainwater storage, first determine the requirement of water in your house and the storage capacity on the roof. Identify an appropriate site in your property to install the water tank, or you can also opt for multiple short storages.
Rainwater tanks have a hole at the top to let out the excess water through a piping connected with it. It is important to divert the water away from the building and other structures to avoid forming moss and damaging them. It is a good idea to design your garden effectively to soak up excess rainwater or install a separate stormwater detention tank where excess rainwater can be stored.
Pump and Filtration
To use tank water throughout the property, a pump is a vital installation. Filtration should also be installed, especially if the water is used for drinking or cooking purpose.
It is important to know about these important components while you are using rainwater. To ensure safe water flow throughout the building, it is recommend to install a rainwater harvesting system from reputed water treatment systems in Cork.
Choosing the correct pump for residential usage is not an easy job. The choice differs from one house to another. If you experience irregularities and scattered directions in the flow of water, it means that there are mainly two considerations needed to be taken into account for overcoming the problems.
If you are looking to extend your home or planning to set up a new water system it would be a smart choice to install a larger pump to cope with the demand. Installing new pumps will ensure correct and adequate water flow to every outlet in the house. It would provide a consistent and continuous flow.
Always remember, switch on your pump only if the water tank holds enough water in it. If the water level is low, air gaps can form in the pipeline which may cause damage to the pump. You might need to replace the entire pump if the water chamber in the pump fills with air. This is why always check the water tank before switching on your pump. You can also install a sensor inside the tank. The sensor comes with an alarming bell which is attached outside the tank. When the water level reaches the sensor, the bell starts to ring. This way you can be aware of the water level without opening the tank.
- The first and the foremost consideration is to repair the existing pump. A low grade pump can lead to such problems.
- The second thing is to determine the pump’s horsepower. Generally, the horsepower is mentioned on the body of the pump, but in case you do not find one, it is better to call a water pump supplier in Cork.
Generally, the water flow rate for domestic purposes is twenty litres per minute. The size of the pump depends upon the size of the house and the number of water outlets it has.
Finally, the sound of the pump really matters a lot. There are some pumps which have smaller pressure tanks and this creates lot of noise which can be disturbing. Moreover, a pump which creates loud noises consume a large amount of electricity. Therefore, to minimise this, you need to buy an energy saving pump. It comes with a large pressure tank to reduce the extra noise and electricity.
Thus, you can see that installing a perfect pump in your home must be configured properly. However, it can be made easy if you hire a water pump supplier in Cork.
Water pumps can be used for residential as well as commercial purposes. These pumps provide continuous water supply and are basically used in various places, including commercial establishments, hospitals, houses, aquariums and so on. If you don’t install a quality pump for your requirement, then you can have to face numerous problems in future. And none but a reputed water pump supplier can provide you with the best product. So in order to get the most ideal pump, you need to find a good supplier too. There are plenty of water pump suppliers who will guarantee to offer you a quality item. But before proceeding with the purchase, you must conduct a minimum amount of research work. Stated below are the most effective tips for finding and appointing a reliable water pump supplier in Cork –
Get multiple quotes
As stated earlier, that there are several water pump suppliers readily available with their products. However, if you want to get nothing but the best, always get at least three quotes from three different professionals. By doing this, you can have an idea about the product type, price structure and other details offered by each supplier.
Ask your neighbours and friends about your preferred water pump supplier, in case they know about the business from a past experience. Know whether they have purchased a product from the professional or not. If yes, then acquire some details about the product too. The more you interact with people, the less trouble you will have to face while choosing a reliable supplier.
Know their experience
If you really want to get a premium quality product, then you must contact with an experienced supplier. This is because an experienced supplier would know which product is the most suitable for your needs. It is advisable to have a face to face communication with a rep of the company and ask directly about their experience in the field. Also, you must ask about the installation process and how much they charge for installing a pump. If you ever have any doubt or question in mind related to their service, then get it cleared without any hesitation.
Make the final appointment
After going through all the aforementioned processes, the final step comes where you need to make the final appointment with your preferred supplier. If you have a specific day on which you want the work to be done, then let them in advance. Otherwise, they can provide you with a specific day according to their availability.
So get ready to enjoy the perks of continuous water supply by installing the best pump today.<|endoftext|>مدیر روابط عمومی شرکت کشم ایر گفت: مسافران هواپیمای مشهد به مقصد مسقط که صبح امروز هنگام برخاستن از زمین دچار سانحه شده بود با هواپیمای جایگزین به سلامت وارد عمان شدند.
به گزارش همشهری آنلاین، صابر نوروزی مدیر روابط عمومی کشم ایر گفت: مشکل هواپیمای مشهد-مسقط حل شده و پرواز جایگزین از طریق هواپیمای کشم در نظر گرفته ایم و این پرواز چندین ساعت به طول انجامید. قبل از این، هواپیما به سلامت به مسقط رسید.
به گفته مدیر روابط عمومی کشم ایر، پس از بلند شدن هواپیما، لاستیک ترکید و خلبان تصمیم به بازگشت به پرواز گرفت، اما از آنجایی که هواپیما باید سوخت را کاهش می داد، پرواز باید حدود یک یا دو ساعت طول بکشد. . سرانجام پس از کاهش سوخت در هواپیما، به سلامت در فرودگاه مشهد به زمین نشست.
نوروزی می گوید: با توجه به تاخیر در این مسیر اطلاعیه هایی مبنی بر تاخیر پرواز مسقط به مشهد ارسال شد.
پرواز مشهد – مسقط عمان صبح امروز به دلیل پنچری لاستیک در فرودگاه مشهد، ۴ مسافر با تعویض مشخص هواپیما در این مسیر دچار مشکل شدند.
آرین جانشین فرمانده ناوگان هوایی کشم گفت: پرواز ۲۱۱۸ شرکت هواپیمایی کشم که فرودگاه بین المللی شهید هاشمی نژاد مشهد را به مقصد مسقط ترک کرده بود، حدود ۵ دقیقه پس از برخاستن خلبان متوجه چرخش ناگهانی شد.
به گزارش همشهری آنلاین، توضیحات جانشین فرمانده ناوگان هوایی کشم در خصوص نقص فنی پرواز مشهد-مسقط را ببینید.<|endoftext|>George Orwell’in kitaplarının telif hakları sona erdi, yayınevleri zaman kaybetmedi
İngiliz yazar George Orwell'in öllümünün üzerinde 70 yıl geçmesiyle eserlerinin telif hakları sona erdi; bir çok yayınevi zaman kaybetmeden Orwell'in kitaplarını basacağını duyurdu.
BBC Türkçe'de yer alan habere 21 Ocak 1950'de hayatını kaybeden İngiliz gazeteci ve romancı George Orwell'ın eserlerinin 70 yıl süren telif hakkı geçtiğimiz gün (1 Ocak Cuma) itibarıyla son buldu.
YAYINEVLERİ ZAMAN KAYBETMEDİ
Türkiye'de ve dünyada çok sayıda yayınevi de böylelikle Orwell kitaplarını varislerine telif ödemeden ilk kez basabilmek için kolları sıvadı. Türkiye'de Can Yayınları, Orwell kitaplarının pek çoğunun yayın haklarını elinde tutuyordu. Fakat İthaki, İş Bankası Kültür, Fom Kitap, Everest ve Kırmızı Kedi gibi yayınevleri de 1 Ocak itibarıyla Orwell kitaplarını basacağını duyurdu. Ayrıca Orwell'in 1984, Hayvan Çiftliği gibi kült kitapları, istenmesi durumunda tiyatro veya bilgisayar oyunlarına ya da sinema filmlerine de konu olabilecek.
ORHAN VELİ'NİN ESERLERİNİN TELİF HAKLARI DA SONA ERECEK
Bu yıl Orwell gibi Orhan Veli Kanık ve Cesare Pavese gibi isimlerin eserlerinin de telif hakları son bulacak. 2019 yılında Türk yazar Sabahattin Ali eserlerine ait telif hakları da ortadan kalkmış ve çok sayıda yayınevi de kitapları basmıştı. Ömer Seyfettin, Mehmet Emin Yurdakul, Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar ve Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil'in eserlerinin de şu an telif hakları bulun
|
8,549 | 3 | 2 |
ımıza çıkan ihtiyaçlar, özgürlüğü tesis etmek için giderilmesi gereken kurucu ihtiyaçlardır. Eğer otonominin önceliği kanıtını ciddiye alırsak, ki bunu kesinlikle yapmamız gerekir, o zaman özgürlüğü pratiğe dökme imkanıyla ilgili ihtiyaçların, zorunlu olarak karşılanması gereken ihtiyaçlar olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Araçsallaştırmama formülü bize, hiç kimsenin kendi iradesinin tersine mutlu kılınamayacağını söyler. Her nerede insanlar kendi seçimleri yüzünden değil de, doğru seçim yapma imkanının oluşmaması yüzünden politik ve sosyal rekabete katılmakta başarısız oluyorsa, orada seçimi onlar adına başkası yapar ve onları başkaları mutlu veya mutsuz kılar. Babacılık, ataerkillik ve himaye Kant’ın zihnindeki temel politik kötüler, yani özgürlük kavramını mutluluğun parçalayıcı zehrinden arıtarak kovmaya çalıştığı kötüler, onay görmeyen ihtiyaçların öcünü almak üzere, bu kez daha güçlü bir şekilde geri döner.
Bu düşünme çizgisine iyi bir kanıtla karşı çıkılabilir: Eğer özgürlük adına belli türden ihtiyaçların karşılanması gerekliyse, başka türden bazı ihtiyaçlar da neden karşılanmasın? Nitekim vatandaşın vatandaşlık eylemlerine iştirak etmesinin uygun koşulu olarak düşündüğümüz şey, tam da bir algılama meselesidir. Herkes, her koşul altında politik bir fail olma imkanına sahiptir. Bir kez politik fail olmak için gerekli koşulların ne olduğu hakkında konuşmaya başladığımızda, nerede durmamız gerektiğini asla bilemeyiz ve sonuçta hiçbir koşulun vatandaşın görevini yerine getirmesi için yeterince uygun olmadığını söylemek zorunda kalırız. Oysaki vatandaşlık görevleri koşulsuzdur ve birisi onları yerine getirmiyorsa, o kendi özgürlük hakkından kendi özgür iradesiyle feragat etmiş demektir. Bu son derece makul karşı kanıta ancak şu şekilde cevap verilebilir: Vatandaşlığı pratiğe dökmek için neyin yeterli bir koşul olup neyin olmadığına, her durumda, vatandaşların kendisi karar verir. Bu, tam da özgürlüğü pratiğe dökmenin başka bir yoludur. Elbette ki vatandaşın eylemini yerine getirmesi bir görev olduğu kadar bir haktır, ama o aynı zamanda, herkes için değilse bile, bazıları için, yine de bir ihtiyaçtır.
VI
Ebedi Barış’in11 bir dipnotunda, Kant, tiranlara dalkavukluk edip insan soyunun onurunu lekelemek yerine doğa ile özgürlüğün aynı amacı gerçekleştirmeye uğraştıklarını varsaymamız gerektiğini iddia eder. Bir teorik vaadin bir değer seçimi olarak sunulmasına bir insan ancak bu kadar yaklaşabilir. Bu denemede okuyucuları, felsefi kanıları ne olursa olsun, Kant’ın teklifini, teoriden daha bağımsız; ama asla değerden bağımsız olmayacak bir şekilde yeniden teyit etmeye zorladım. Buna göre özgür politik ve sosyal failler olarak erkekler ile kadınların, totalitarizmi, nükleer intiharı ve teknolojik barbarlığı meşrulaştırmak yerine simetrik karşılıklılık ilişkilerini evrenselleştirmek için çalışabileceklerini varsaymamız gerekir!<|endoftext|>Water Can Lower Your Risk for Making Simple Mistakes5 years ago | Eating And Drinking Water
By Joy Stephenson-Laws, JD, Founder
Water is one of the six basic nutrients you need to live. The others are protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals. But water is the only nutrient where absence will cause death within days.
We have previously discussed the benefits of water, including hydration. And now if you need yet another reason why you should drink adequate amounts of water, researchers recently discovered that a lack of water or dehydration may alter brain shape and activity and affect task performance.
To test the effects of dehydration on task performance, researchers had study participants do a repetitive, mindless task.
For 20 minutes straight, participants were asked to punch a button every time a yellow square showed up on a monitor. Sometimes the square appeared in a regular pattern, and sometimes it appeared randomly. Such a mindless task was implemented for a reason.
“It helped us to avoid the cognitive complexity behind elaborate tasks and strip cognition down to simple motor output," said one of the leads of the study. In other words, the study “was designed to hit essential neural processing one would use to make straightforward, repetitive movements."
Reportedly, this type of repetition is common in a lot of manual labor or military exercises, so it’s pretty relatable to real life.
The participants performed the task (in an air-conditioned room) on three separate occasions:
- After just relaxing and staying hydrated
- After extended heat, exertion and sweating but with drinking water during exercise
- After heat, exertion,and sweating but without drinking water
After monitoring performance and looking at brain scans of the participants, researchers saw that participants who sweated a lot and did not hydrate made more mistakes on the task. Furthermore, the loss of fluid and being dehydrated showed changes in the brain.
“In the experiments, when participants exercised, sweated and drank water, fluid-filled spaces called ventricles in the center of their brains contracted. But with exertion plus dehydration, the ventricles did the opposite; they expanded,” according to the report.
A definitive connection cannot be made, but it’s interesting that ventricle enlargement may be a contributor to cognitive issues. For example, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) says, “Ventricular enlargement may be an objective and sensitive measure of neuropathological change associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), suitable to assess disease progression for multi-centre studies.”
So keeping your body hydrated so that your ventricles work properly is extremely important.
Researchers of the study also found that dehydration also caused a more compacted thalamus, which translates neural impulses and contributes to sensations such as pain and temperature. With dehydration, neural firing can actually intensify and make simple tasks harder. Think of it as your brain just getting overheated.
Along with stressing the detrimental effects of dehydration, this study showed that even if you are hydrated, being overexerted and overheated can still have a negative affect. The subjects’ performances were negatively affected even when they were hydrated while experiencing exertion and heat. Their performances were twice as worse if they did not replace any of the fluid they lost. So with all of this said, it’s important to listen to your body and take a break from excess exertion and heat when you need to.
“The researchers hope that someday this kind of research will offer insights into how increased cognitive slip-ups in hot settings with strenuous labor and poor hydration may endanger occupational safety, especially around heavy machines or military hardware. The fuzzed cognition could also contribute to reduced performance in competitive sports,” the report says.
It must be emphasized that it’s imperative to hydrate when you are working out or enduring strenuous activity. It is also important to fuel your body with other essential nutrients.
Be Proactive. Drink More Water.
If you are not already diligent about drinking water, it’s time to step up your efforts and get drinking! Drinking water first thing in the morning is a great way to start your day off and get your body hydrated. Keep a reusable water bottle with you at all times. Add herbs, like mint, to give your water more flavor. You can also add berries to flavor your water.
Eat Your Water.
In the United States it is estimated that about 22% of water comes from our food. You can eat water-rich foods, like cucumbers (which are about 95% water) and watermelon (which is about 90% water). Not only will you be helping yourself get your daily water needs, but you will also be getting critical vitamins and minerals your body needs to stay healthy. As a general rule of thumb, fresh fruits and vegetables have a higher water content than most foods. Eating soups, preferably homemade (canned soups have a lot of added sodium), are also a great option for “eating” your water.
Let’s enjoy our healthiest lives!
The pH professional health care team includes recognized experts from a variety of health care and related disciplines, including physicians, attorneys, nutritionists, nurses and certified fitness instructors. This team also includes the members of the pH Medical Advisory Board, which constantly monitors all pH programs, products and services. To learn more about the pH Medical Advisory Board, click here.<|endoftext|>Here come the drones... and medicine
What can drones do?
One company is using them to deliver medicine, rather than dropping bombs or weapons.
Matternet believes drones should be used as a delivery system for people who are in need of medical help.
They're on a mission to deliver medication, food and emergency supplies to those living in inaccessible or mountainous areas.
Matternet's founder Andreas Raptopoulos believes that drones can "redefine how we transport things around us."
Almost 1 billion people in the world live in a place that doesn't have access to all-season roads, he said. During an emergency, these people wouldn't be able to receive help in the fastest time possible.
For instance, in sub-Saharan Africa, 85 per cent of the roads are impassable during the rainy season.
Matternet sees a future where blood tests, tuberculosis and HIV diagnostics could be transported in the most efficient way without requiring for people to travel almost a day to use the various services.
Last month Matternet was invited to Bhutan by the World Health Organization to help create the same network for its citizens.
Bhutan has only 0.3 physicians per 1,000 people. The country's 31 hospitals, 178 basic health unit clinics and 654 outreach clinics serve over 700,000 people.
As a trial, Matternet used the drones to fly supplies from Bhutan's main hospital in Thimphu (the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital) to three small rural healthcare units.
To date, it has completed over 100 missions in five countries in all kinds of terrain and weather conditions.
Andreas emphasised the importance of using the drones for a good cause.
"If you succeed," he says, "you're going to be saving somebody's life."
Sources: Virgin Unite, Tech Crunch, Facebook<|endoftext|>Maviyemiş (Blueberry) (Vaccinium spp.) dünya çapında asıl ürünlerden biri haline gelmiştir. Gerek taze tüketim gerekse işlenmiş meyve sanayisi açısından sahip olduğu güçlü pazar, bir yandan üreticilerin yüksek gelir elde etmesini sağlarken diğer yandan üretim alanlarının da hızla artmasını sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca sağlıklı ve mutlu yaşam için sağladığı katkı, toprakta 50 yıl, saksıda 20 yıla varan ömrü, yatırımcıyı maviyemiş üretimine yönelten temel faktörlerdendir.<|endoftext|>c开头的火车
c开头的火车1
c开头的火车是什么车？
经常出门坐火车的人通常都知道：G是高铁，D是高速火车，但您有没有坐过以C开头的火车？以C字开头的火车与高铁或高速火车有什么区别？对于普通乘客来说，尽管乍一看它们看起来是一样的，但实际上，以字母C开头的火车不是高铁或高速火车。它有一个特殊的名字：城际列车。所谓的城际列车是指在邻近城市和机场车站之间行驶的中短途旅客列车。中国最著名的城际专线包括京津城际，广深城和广珠城际。与高铁和高速列车不同，城际列车的运行里程通常不超过200公里，并且速度保持在每小时250公里左右。截至2016年，我国城际铁路里程达到3800公里，位居世界第一。中国第一列城际列车是京津城际列车。它于2008年开放，时速最高为320公里。从北京到天津仅需30分钟。
目前，它已经运送了超过2.5亿乘客。除京津城际列车外，大兴机场城际列车也于2019年开通。从北京西站出发，在大兴国际机场终点。一天八班，整个行程需要30分钟，臀部在高温之前就到了。以北京西站为例。早上班车是6:56，末班车是21:46。二等车费是30元。平均每分钟1元，与地铁，出租车和机场巴士相比，可以节省很多钱。节省时间是值得的。与高速列车和高速列车相比，城际列车上的空间更宽敞，座位更舒适。还有许多专门为前往机场的乘客准备的大型行李架。很方便。您所在的城市有城际列车吗？您认为以C开头的城际列车与高铁和高速列车相比有什么优缺点？欢迎发表评论并发表您的意见！
c开头的火车是什么车？
随着中国高铁网络的日益完善，中国几乎每个地级市都已开设或计划建设高铁站和高铁线路。火车的种类也越来越多。从D前缀的开头（从2007年开始），到C前缀和G前缀（从2009年开始），现在S前缀火车正在全国范围内逐步传播。所以问题是，G，D，C和S的四个字母分别代表什么？有什么区别？由于媒体的不专业宣传，老百姓对中国高铁的许多概念感到困惑。例如 G前缀是高铁， D前缀是高铁， G是高铁， D前缀比G慢等解释。形成了国家高铁理念。 （这个定义是我给的，不好笑）…好吧！我已经开始宣讲，每个人都可以纠正高铁观景，使他们振兴国家，使国家更强大！哈哈！带有字母G，D，C和S的是火车的数量。这些火车在线上行驶。因此，在公众心目中的动车组和高铁的概念是不准确的。
EMU实际上是指：EMU火车，而高铁是指高速铁路系统。高速动车组[G]是指以每小时300公里（含）以上的速度运行的动车组列车（CR400系列和CRH380系列）。动车组[D]是指运行速度为（160-）每小时200-250公里的动车组，以及动力集中的列车，其运行速度为每小时160-200公里（通过CRH1 / 2A.BEG / 3A / 5/6系列，CR200J）。城际动车组[C]是指在城际铁路上运行的前缀C（例如京津城际，吴县城际），但也在非城际铁路上运行[此定义已被混淆]，速度为每级250级小时，两种300级。郊区动车组[S]是指在郊区铁路和市政铁路上运行的动车组列车。
c开头的火车是什么车？
通常，G前缀和D前缀序列的运行距离比C前缀和S前缀的运行距离长得多。在大多数情况下，跨局和超长途线路也使用G前缀运行（目前，从整个网络的角度来看，行驶距离为1500-2000 km的D头列车越来越少，甚至2000公里或以上）。在运行速度方面，官方标准为：G前缀为300kmh，D前缀为200-250kmh，C前缀取决于实际行驶路线（京津城际300kmh，沪通铁路200kmh，金山铁路160kmh），S前缀等160kmh-200kmh的CRH6被用作现有线路（和谐长城-160kmh），通常指已改造的现有线路，例如京沪线，京广线，和上海至昆明线。京津城际，沪宁城际等300级城际线。京沪高，京广，沪昆高等300-350kmh级高速线。客运专线有200-250kmh的水平（在高电阻时代生产了更多这种类型的线）和300kmh的水平。必须在线路上分配列车数量以构成此动作。根据特定情况，火车可能会通过不同级别和类型的路线。通常情况下，G前缀和D前缀用于高速线路，城际线路和乘客专用线路。 C从城际线开始。以S开头的郊区线和现有线为例。
但是有例外，并且该例外不再称为例外，因为它非常常见。 04奇妙的情况G前缀也将采用现有线路，这在进入旧火车站的火车中更为常见，例如京沪高铁的G8火车和进入上海火车站（不是虹桥的火车）站），在那里的江桥镇上海站就在现有线路上运行（尽管沪宁线这部分的2和3号线属于沪宁城际/京沪高中），G头列车进入杭州站（市站）。 D前缀用于现有电缆。当早年的高铁网络不完善时，这种情况可以说是主流。如今，随着线路网络的发展以及越来越多的城市连接到高铁线路网络，D前缀上的现有线路越来越少，但总有一些。例如，动画集是北京-上海的夜行者D7XX（当然，很多粉丝必须跳起来说这不是高速火车），例如D30XX就是那些从汉口到北京的高速火车。上海南。也存在带C前缀的行。太多了：宁启铁路上的各种C前缀，金山铁路上的C前缀以及进入天津站并继续向东延伸的京津城际C前缀。好吧，在铁路迷眼中，D比G快可能不是一个例外！对？您知道哪个 D比G快，请进入评论部分进行讨论和分享！
2021年广西铁路春运的大数据预测就在这里！看看您的方向有哪些新变化？几天前，我从南充乘火车去了蓬安。碰巧以前是绿色火车，带有C前缀。买完票后，我看了一下12元的价格。我以为这次旅行的火车才十二元。当然，这应该类似于高速火车的环境。走进月台进入马车，经过拥挤的通道，我惊讶地发现马车的内部空间与高速火车完全不同。乘客
|
8,549 | 3 | 3 |
معرف
- معرف باید مقیم دائم استرالیا یا شهروند استرالیا باشد.
- باید در شاخه ی مربوط به متقاضی فعال و شناخته شده باشد.
- باید فرم شماره ۱۰۰۰ را تکمیل کند.
- معرفی نامه (Recommendation Letter) ارائه دهد.
- ثبت درخواست اولیه (EOI) و دریافت کد مخصوص متقاضیان این ویزا از طرف اداره مهاجرت استرالیا
- ثبت درخواست ویزا
کد مخصوص
در حال حاضر، برای پذیرفته شدن در این برنامه مهاجرتی، متقاضی باید درخواست اولیه (EOI) خود را به افسر استعداد یابی در اداره مهاجرت استرالیا ارسال کند.
نامه درخواست اولیه شما باید حاوی رزومه و مدارکی باشد که نشان دهد شما دست آوردهای مورد نظر را کسب کرده اید.
برای اقدام برای این ویزا، شما نیازمند معرف هستید. زمانیکه معرف حاصل شد، اداره مهاجرت استرالیا بعد از بررسی کد مخصوص را توسط ایمیل برای متقاضی ارسال می کند تا متقاضی بتواند برای دریافت ویزا اقدامات لازم را انجام دهد.
معرف
اگر چه فرم های لازم بصورت آنلاین تکمیل میگردد، اما فرم شماره ۱۰۰۰ (که توسط معرف تکمیل میگردد) باید بصورت کاغذی اسکن و سپس بارگذاری شود.
معرف شما باید فرم را تکمیل کند. وی باید دارای ویژگی های زیر باشد:
- فرد معرف باید شهروند استرالیا یا دارای اقامت دائم و یا شهروند نیوزیلند باشد.
- معرف باید یکی از سازمان های دولتی استرالیا باشد.
ضمنا معرف باید دارای سوابق برجسته در سطح ملی در حوزه های ذکر شده باشد.
روند معرفی شدن شما، بستگی به میزان دانش و مهارت شما دارد و تنها موضوع ضمانت یا حمایت از شما نیست. این معرفی مسئولیت های بسیاری برای شما بهمراه دارد. شما میتوانید اطلاعات بیشتر در این زمینه را اینجا مطالعه کنید.
پیشنهاد می کنیم موارد زیر را مدنظر بگیرید:
- قبل از هرگونه مذاکره با معرف، اطمینان حاصل کنید که معرف مورد نظر در سطوح ملی دارای سوابق قابل قبول باشد.
- قبل از هرچیز، فرم شماره ۱۰۰۰ را برای معرف خود ارسال کنید تا وی از محتوای آن آگاه شود.
این دو نکته به شما کمک می کند تا روند آسانتری را برای جذب معرف تجربه کنید.
روند اقدام برای ویزا
نکته کلیدی برای پذیرفته شدن درخواست ویزا، توانایی شما برای اثبات مهارتها و سوابق بین المللی شماست. این وجه تمایز شما با سایر درخواست کنندگان ویزاهای دیگر استرالیاست.
افراد موفق و با تجربه ای که گروه مهاجرت اسمارت پرونده آنها را به عهده می گیرند, افرادی هستند که در حرفه و تخصص خود دارای سوابق دریافت جوایز بین المللی، پوشش رسانه ای از تخصص خود، مقالات چاپ شده عمومی و یا آکادمیک، ثبت اختراع، شرکت در سخنرانی ها و یا سابقه پست مدیریتی در سطوح بالا در شرکت های بین المللی هستند.
متقاضی دریافت ویزا همچنین باید از وضع جسمانی و سلامتی مطلوب برخوردار باشد. این بدان معناست که باید گواهی سلامت و گواهی عدم سوء پیشینه اخذ گردد.
اقدام برای ویزا گلوبال تلنت چقدر هزینه دارد؟
تعرفه دولتی این ویزا به شرح زیر است:
متقاضی اصلی دریافت ویزا – ۴،۱۱۰ دلار استرالیا
افراد وابسته بالای هجده سال –۲،۰۵۵ دلار استرالیا برای هر نفر
افراد وابسته زیر هجده سال –۱،۰۳۰دلار استرالیا برای هر نفر
متقاضیان وابسته بالای هجده سال که از سطح زبان انگلیسی مورد نیاز برخوردار نیستند، باید مبلغ ۴،۸۹۰ دلار استرالیا نیز بپردازند.
کارمزد پرداخت آنلاین از طریق کارت اعتباری از طرف اداره مهاجرت به این هزینه ها افزوده خواهد شد.
هزینه های حرفه ای خدمات ما به شرح زیر است (میزان هزینه هر فرد با توجه به شرایط متقاضی در جلسه مشاوره تعیین میگردد) :
در این جلسه ارزیابی کتبی و بررسی دیگر گزینه های دریافت ویزا انجام می شود.
آمار و ارقام در رابطه با این برنامه مهاجرتی گلوبال تلنت چگونه است؟
همانگونه که بالا توضیح داده شد، در سال 2019/2020 ظرفیت ۵۰۰۰ نفری برای این برنامه مهاجرتی در نظر گرفته شده بود. این عدد بیانگر سقف درخواست نیست بلکه نشان دهنده این است که اداره مهاجرت استرالیا در راستای ارائه ویزا عمل میکند. گزارش سالیانه این اداره نشان میدهد که تعداد ۴،۱۰۹ ویزا صادر شده است.
تفکیک ارائه ویزا در این هفت شاخه به شرح زیر است:
- کوانتوم، فناوری دیجیتال پیشرفته، علوم داده و ICT– 28%
- فناوری پزشکی –26%
- فناوری های انرژی و معدن – 20%
- فناوری کشاورزی – 9%
- فناوری های فضایی و تجهیزات پیشرفته – 8%
- فناوری اقتصاد – 6%
- امنیت سایبری – 3%
در ۶ اکتبر ۲۰۲۰، یکی از نمایندگان مجلس بنام Alan Tudge اعلام کرد که ظرفیت ۱۵۰۰۰ نفری برای برنامه سال 2020/2021 در نظر گرفته شده است (این میزان، سه برابر سال گذشته است). این رشد قابل توجه بیانگر این است که اداره مهاجرت استرالیا توجه ویژه ای به این برنامه و جذب نخبگان دارد. تعداد بالای متقاضیات دریافت این نوع ویزا باعث تشویق آنها به ارائه بهترین درخواست و کسب بهترین نتیجه در راستای اخذ اقامت دائم استرالیا شده است.
اشتباهات رایج
اشتباهات رایج
با توجه به تحقیقات صورت گرفته از متقاضیان و همچنین همکاری با تعداد زیادی از این دسته افراد، دو اشتباه رایج مشاهده شده است:
ثبت درخواست ناقص
ما ایمیل های فراوانی در این زمینه دریافت کردیم، برای مثال:
- مدارک کافی جهت اثبات دست آوردهای خود را ارائه نداده ام.
- من در نوشتن نامه درخواست عجله کردم و فراموش کردم فلان مدرک را ارائه کنم، یا حالا مایلم فلان مدرک را ارائه دهم.
- من فکر می کنم مدارک کافی ارائه نداده ام و حالا مایلم مدارک بیشتری ارائه کنم.
این یک برنامه بشدت رقابتی است که در جهت جذب بهترین و برجسته ترین متقاضیان طراحی و اجرا شده است. بنابراین در نامه درخواست، شما باید بالاترین میزان تاثیر گذاری را هدف خود قرار دهید. هنگامی که مایل هستید مدارک بیشتری به این اداره ارائه دهید، باید تعداد مدارک ارائه شده و ارتباط این مدارک با درخواست تمایل اصلی را مدنظر داشته باشید.
ثبت بیش از اندازه اطلاعات
بی تردید این برنامه افراد برجسته و نخبه را در زمینه خلاقیت و نوآوری جذب خواهد کرد. اگر چه بسیاری از همکاران ما با اصطلاحات Q1 و شاخص H و یا زبان لاتین در تحقیقات شما آشنا هستند، اما بسیاری دیگر از این موضوعات ناآگاه هستند. استفاده از این گونه بیان ها باعث ایجاد گمراهی در پرونده شما خواهد شد.
شخصی که درخواست اولیه شما را بررسی می کند ممکن است در شاخه تخصصی شما فعال نباشد، پس بسیار مهم است که پرونده خود را بگونه ای ارائه دهید که برای هرکسی قابل فهم باشد.
بسیاری از دانشجویان دکترا ممکن است با عبارت پایان نامه سه دقیقه ای آشنایی داشته باشند. در این چالش از دانشجویان خواسته می شود تا پایان نامه خود را برای افراد غیر متخصص ظرف مدت سه دقیقه ارائه دهند. درخواست اولیه خود را این چنین تنظیم کنید.
سوالات متداول
سوالات متداول
ما در گروه مهاجرت اسمارت سوالات بیشماری را در رابطه با این ویزا دریافت کرده ایم. برخی از این سوالات را در پایین ذکر خواهیم کرد.
آیا نامه قبولی درخواست اولیه را دریافت خواهم کرد؟
هنگامی که درخواست خود را ثبت کردید، شما پیامی در راستای دریافت درخواست خود از سوی اداره مهاجرت دریافت نخواهید کرد. اداره مهاجرت استرالیا تنها در رابطه با درخواست اطلاعات یا مدارک بیشتر و ارائه کد مخصوص با شما در ارتباط خواهد بود.
چقدر طول می کشد تا جواب درخواست اولیه دریافت ویزا را دریافت کنم؟
مدت زمان این روند متغیر است. متاسفانه اداره مهاجرت استرالیا مدت زمان بررسی درخواست را مشخص نمی کند. متقاضیانی که ما وکالت آنها را بر عهده گرفتیم، معمولا کد مخصوص خود را طی مدت زمان ۱ الی ۳ ماه دریافت کرده اند. روند بررسی درخواست ها بدلیل شیوع ویروس کرونا یا کووید ۱۹ کند شده است. با توجه به حجم زیاد درخواست ها، بررسی مجدد درخواست ها در ماه ژوئن انجام خواهد شد. متقاضیان باید درخواست تمایل خود را تا قبل از تاریخ ۳۰ ژوئن ثبت کنند.
آیا در صورت ناموفق بودن درخواست اولیه، اداره مهاجرت مرا مطلع خواهد کرد؟
این موضوع متغیر است. از ماه ژوئن، متقاضیان زیادی درخواستشان ناموفق بوده است. در مواردی که پاسخ های کلی ارسال می شود، متقاضیان اعلام کردند که نامه شفاف سازی دریافت کرده اند. متقاضیانی که درخواست چند نوع ویزا را ارائه داده اند و فارغ التحصیلانی که شاغل نیستند، معمولا درخواستشان رد میشود.
اگر واجد شرایط یکی از هفت شاخه ذکر شده نباشم، آیا باز هم می توانم درخواست خودم را ارائه دهم؟
این برنامه فقط مخصوص متقاضیانی است که در یکی از شاخه های ذکر شده فعال هستند. اگر کسی این شرط را نداشته باشد، این برنامه مناسب وی نیست. اگر چه ممکن است کسانی واجد شرایط باشند اما نسبت به آن ناآگاه باشند. اگر از این موضوع اطمینان ندارید، می توانید با ما در تماس باشید.
چگونه بدانم که استعداد درخشان محسوب میشوم؟
این یک موضوع خاص است. اگر موفقیت های برجسته دانشگاهی و حرفه ای کسب کرده اید، پس یک متقاضی معمولی نیستید. به توضیحات ارائه شده ما دقت فرمائید. اگر مطمئن نیستید که این شرایط را دارا هستید، می توانید با ما در تماس باشید.
چگونه می توانم معرف پیدا کنم؟
این یکی از متداول ترین سوالاتی است که مطرح می شود. پاسخ این سوال به شرایط شما برمیگردد. کارفرمایان شما می توانند صاحبین صنایع، دانشگاهیان و یا حتی افرادی که در بدنه صنعت فعالیت دارند باشند. لطفا مد نظر داشته باشید که انجمن کامپیوتر استرالیا نیاز به معرف ندارد. شما ابتدا باید کد مخصوص را دریافت کنید، سپس به این انجمن ایمیل بزنید تا از مراحل بعدی روند دریافت ویزا آگاه شوید (مبلغ ۵۰۰ دلار ممکن است دریافت گردد).
آیا دفتر حقوقی شما در راستای جذب معرف اقدام میکند؟
از آنجا که در روند ثبت درخواست تمایل این ویزا با موکلین خود همکاری می کنیم مإ می توانیم با توجه به پرونده شما توصیه هایی ارائه کنیم. اما در راستای معرفی معرف اقدامی نمی کنیم.
شرایط یک معرف باید چگونه باشد؟
شرایط کلی یک معرف را اینجا می توانید مشاهده کنید. معرف باید فرم شماره ۱۰۰۰ را تکمیل کند و نشان دهد که دارای سوابق برجسته در سطح ملی در شاخه مورد نظر شما است.
اگر کد مخصوص گلوبال تلنت را دریافت کنم، آیا این بدین معناست که با درخواست ویزای من موافقت خواهد شد؟
خیر، این بدین معنا نیست. شما همچنان نیازمند طی کردن بقیه روند اقدام ویزا هستید. که این شامل اخذ گواهی سلامت و گواهی عدم سوء پیشینه می شود.
مدت زمان بررسی درخواست این نوع ویزا چگونه است؟
در حال حاضر مدت زمان بررسی درخواست این نوع ویزا مشخص نیست. اما تجربه ما در این زمینه نشان میدهد که درخواست اکثر متقاضیان در مدت زمان 1 الی 2 ماه بررسی می شود. این موضوع همچنین به کامل بودن درخواست و مدارک خواسته شده از شما بستگی دارد.
کد مخصوص گلوبال تلنت را دریافت کرده ام اما یکی از اعضای خانواده من خارج از استرالیا زندگی می کند، چه کاری باید انجام دهم؟
برخلاف سایر ویزاهای استرالیا، ویزای استعدادهای درخشان دارای دو زیر شاخه است (زیر شاخه ۱۲۴ و ۸۵۸). برای اینکه بتوانید از اعتبار زیر شاخه ۸۵۸ استفاده کنید، باید در خاک استرالیا حضور داشته باشید. ملاحظات دیگری را هم که شامل مرتبط کردن ویزاها، مدت زمان بررسی درخواست ویزا و محدودیت های سفر به استرالیا می شود را باید مدنظر داشته باشید. لطفا برای اطلاعات بیشتر در این زمینه با ما در تماس باشید.
آیا دولت استرالیا این برنامه را گسترش خواهد داد؟
اداره مهاجرت استرالیا ظرفیت ۱۵۰۰۰ نفری را در سال ۲۰۲۰/۲۰۲۱ برای متقاضیان مشخص کرده است. این تعداد افزایش قابل توجهی نسبت به سال گذشته داشته است. این برنامه متقاضیان فراوانی دارد و به همین دلیل ما به متقاضیان توصیه میکنیم که هرچه زودتر از این فرصت بوجود آمده استفاده کنند.
نتیجه گیری
اگرچه مهاجرت به یک کشور دیگر همیشه با مخاطراتی همراه است, اما این برنامه ابتکار مثبتی است که تلاش میکند بهترین و باهوش ترین افراد را از سرتاسر دنیا به استرالیا جذب کند.
دفتر گروه مهاجرت اسمارت، با مدیریت احسان جهان اندیش، وکیل رسمی مهاجرت استرالیا با شماره مارا ۱۶۸۰۴۴۴، سوالات فراوانی را در این زمینه پاسخ داده است و از آغاز این برنامه، همواره پیشرو بوده است. ما مصاحبات متعددی با رسانه هایی مانند SBS و SBC در این زمینه انجام داده ایم. نگرش ما به مهاجرت در اینجا شرح داده شده است.
با تجربه فراوانی که ما در زمینه مشاوره به صنایع فناورانه و استارپ آپ ها در استرالیا داریم، ما می توانیم بهترین مشاوره را در زمینه دریافت این نوع ویزا و بررسی مدارک به شما ارائه دهیم.
لطفا از طریق ایمیل firstname.lastname@example.org و شماره تلفن های ۰۹۰۲۷۰۲۲۲۸۶ و یا ۰۲۱۴۷۶۲۷۸۲۸ در ایران و 0477181614 و 0291606260 در استرالیا با ما در ارتباط باشید و نظرات و پیشنهادات خود را به ما منتقل کنید.<|endoftext|>Full-Body CT Scans - What You Need to Know
Using a technology that "takes a look" at people's insides and promises early warnings of cancer, cardiac disease, and other abnormalities, clinics and medical imaging facilities nationwide are touting a new service for health-conscious people: "Whole-body CT screening." This typically involves scanning the body from the chin to below the hips with a form of X-ray imaging that produces cross-sectional images.
The technology used is called "X-ray computed tomography" (CT), sometimes referred to as "computerized axial tomography" (CAT). A number of different types of X-ray CT systems are being promoted for various types of screening. For example, "multi-slice" CT (MSCT) and "electron beam" CT (EBCT) - also called "electron beam tomography" (EBT) - are X-ray CT systems that produce images rapidly and are often promoted for screening the buildup of calcium in arteries of the heart.
CT, MSCT and EBCT all use X-rays to produce images representing "slices" of the body - like the slices of a loaf of bread. Each image slice corresponds to a wafer-thin section which can be viewed to reveal body structures in great detail.
CT is recognized as an invaluable medical tool for the diagnosis of disease, trauma, or abnormality in patients with signs or symptoms of disease. It's also used for planning, guiding, and monitoring therapy. What's new is that CT is being marketed as a preventive or proactive health care measure to healthy individuals who have no symptoms of disease.
No Proven Benefits for Healthy People
Taking preventive action, finding unsuspected disease, uncovering problems while they are treatable, these all sound great, almost too good to be true! In fact, at this time the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) knows of no scientific evidence demonstrating that whole-body scanning of individuals without symptoms provides more benefit than harm to people being screened. The FDA is responsible for assuring the safety and effectiveness of such medical devices, and it prohibits manufacturers of CT systems to promote their use for whole-body screening of asymptomatic people. The FDA, however, does not regulate practitioners and they may choose to use a device for any use they deem appropriate.
Compared to most other diagnostic X-ray procedures, CT scans result in relatively high radiation exposure. The risks associated with such exposure are greatly outweighed by the benefits of diagnostic and therapeutic CT. However, for whole-body CT screening of asymptomatic people, the benefits are questionable:
- Can it effectively differentiate between healthy people and those who have a hidden disease?
- Do suspicious findings lead to additional invasive testing or treatments that produce additional risk with little benefit?
- Does a "normal" finding guarantee good health?
Many people don't realize that getting a whole body CT screening exam won't necessarily give them the "peace of mind" they are hoping for, or the information that would allow them to prevent a health problem. An abnormal finding, for example, may not be a serious one, and a normal finding may be inaccurate. CT scans, like other medical procedures, will miss some conditions, and "false" leads can prompt further, unnecessary testing.
Points to consider if you are thinking of having a whole-body screening:
- Whole-body CT screening has not been demonstrated to meet generally accepted criteria for an effective screening procedure.
- Medical professional societies have not endorsed whole-body CT scanning for individuals without symptoms.
- CT screening of high-risk individuals for specific diseases such as lung cancer or colon cancer is currently being studied.
- The radiation from a CT scan may be associated with a very small increase in the possibility of developing cancer later in a person's life.
- The FDA provides additional information regarding whole-body CT screening on its Computed Tomography (CT) Web site.
Before having a CT screening procedure, carefully investigate and consider the potential risks and benefits and discuss them with your physician.<|endoftext|>Risposta del 22 aprile 2001
Risposta di DIEGO INGHILLERI
La prognosi della Schizofrenia è favorevole in circa il 25 per cento dei pazienti che hanno
un primo episodio: il soggetto ritorna alle condizioni precedenti e scompaiono segni e
sintomi. Nel 50 per cento dei casi, la remissione non è del tutto completa, ma è
|
8,549 | 4 | 0 |
üman İsa’ya geliyor, hem de özellikle en çok hocalar. Bu, şükür etmemiz için sebeptir.
DUA KONULARI:
Yerli imanlılar için Rabbe şükür olsun. Kendi vatandaşlarını o kadar seviyorlar ki, memleketinde kalıp korkunçluktan kaçmıyorlar, yeter ki, müjdeyi yayabilsinler.
Gündelik yaşamda Kaşmir’deki imanlılar büyük baskı altında kalırlar. Bu durumda dayanabilmek için dualarımza muhtaçtırlar.
Yeni imana gelmiş olan müslümanlar henüz çok zayıf durumdalar. Onları imanda büyütürmek için kurslar ve seminarlar yapılsın. Rab öyle dersleri de korusun diye dua edelim.
bölge: Racastan (Hindistan)
yaklaşık 6 milyon müslüman – Harita: 17
Develer, kafalarında sarık taşıyan erkekler, renkli rubalar giyiyen kadınlar, kocaman kaleler, çöller, dimdik balkanlar, zengin saraylar... bütün bunlar Hindistan’ın Racastan sancağında bulunuyor. Racastan sözü, ‘Kralın yeri’ demektir. Bu sancak Hindistan’ın en batısında, Pakistan sınırında bulunuyor. 1949 Hindistan İngilizlerden kurtulup, ayrı bir devlet oldu. O vakıt Racastan sancağını, 14 küçük beyliklerden bir araya getirmişlerdi. Racastan, Hindistan’ın ikinci büyük sancağıdır ve çok zengin bir tarihe ve kültüre sahiptir. Racastan’ın başkenti Caypur’dur, onun lağabı da ‘pembe kasaba’dır.
Müslümanlık 12. yüzyılında Hindistan’ın bu bölgesine getirildi. Kısa bir yaman içinde birçok Hinduist müslümanlığı kabul etmeye başladılar. Böylelikle müslümnalık bütün Racastan'a yayıldı. Halkın çoğu gene de Hinduist kaldı. Bugünlerde Racastan'ın nüfusu 40 milyondur ve bunların ancak 6 milyonu müslümandır.
Racastan'ın havası çok kurudur. Müslümanların çoğu ticaretle uğraşıyorlar, kuyumculuk yaparlar ya da köy işleriyle uğraşıyorlar. Çoğunlukla Sunni müslüman ve çok koyu ve dindardırlar. Aslında islamiyette olmayan sınıf farklılıkları, bütün güney Asya'da olduğu gibiü Racastan'daki öüslümanlar için de önemlidir. Bütün Hündüstan'da 'kast' denilen bir sınıf ayrımı var. Sen hangi sınıfın içinde doğarsan, o sınıftan hayat boyunca çıkamazsın, senin sınıfından olmayan kadınla evlenemezsin. Müslümanlar bile bu sisteme uyarlar. En alçak kişiler olarak 'kastsız', yani kast sisteminin dışında olan kişiler kabul ediliyor. Üst sınıftaki müslümanlar, alt sınıftan olan müslümanlarla kesinilikle evlenmeyip, onlara neredeyse 'kastsız' gözüyle bakarlar. Bu konuda müslüman ve hinduist düşünceler karıştı.
Müslümanlar Racastan'da bir azınlık olduğu halde, bütün Hindistan'ın en kutsal sayılan ziyaret yeri buradadır: Aymer kasabası. 12. yüzyılının sonunda Muhammed Ghori bu ülkeyi ele geçirdi. 1190 senesinde Hazreti Moynuddin Çisti burada bir görüm görüp bütün Hindistan'da islamiyeti yayma buyruğunu aldı. Allahın insanları kast sistemine bakmadan sevdiğini yaydı. O yüzden ona 'fukaraların koruyucusu' denilir. Onun ölümünden sonra onun mezarı bütün Hindistanlılar için önemli bir ziyaret yeri oldu. Artık ona evliya, yani bir müslüman kutsal adam, derler. Her sene milyonlarca kişi onun mezarını ziyaret ederler, orada duaları işitilecek diye inanırlar. Hindistan'daki müslümanların anlayışına göre, Moynuddin Çisti'nin mezarını yedi defa zıyaret eden kişi, 'hacı' adını taşıyabilir, yani Mekke'ye yapılan hac yerine getirmiş sayılır.
Racastan'da aşağı yukarı 50.000 Hristiyan var. Çoğunlukla hinduist olan halk Hristiyanlara baskı yapıyor, topluluklar gene de gitgide büyüyorlar. Rabbin işçileri çoğunlukla yabancı misyonerler değil, ama Hindistan'ın başka tarafından gelen imanlılardır.
DUA KONULARI:
Racastan'daki imanlılar müslümanla karşı ya ilgisizlik ya da korku hissediyor. Kutsal Ruh o imanlıların üzerinde işleyip onları bu ilgisizlik ve korkudan kurtarsın.
Şu anda Racastan'da çok az müsyoner işliyor. Rab daha fazla işçi göndersin tarlasına. Onların çalışmaları için Rab onları korusun.
Rab, Aymer kasabasındaki o mezarda bile müslümanları imana getirebilir. Zaten çok kişi oraya giderken ruhsal konular için açıktırlar.
bölge: Karnataka (Hindistan)
yaklaşık 3 miyon kişi – Harita: 17
Hindistan’ın sancakları kocamandır, sanki birer devlet kadar kalabalıktır. Hindistan’ın güneybatısında Karnataka bulunuyor. 192.000 km2 kadar büyüktür (Bulgaristan’ın iki katı, Türkiye’nin bir çeyreği). Sancağın başkenti Bangalore’dir; Hindistan’ın dördüncü büyük kasabasıdır ve sancak halkının 10% burada yaşıyor. Ruhsal durumuna bakarsak, Karnataka en muhtaç durumdadır. Halkın en çoğu Hinduisttir, ikinci yerde de müslümanlar geliyor. Onlar Dekkani halkındandır ve Pakistan’da konuşulan Urdu dilini konuşuyor.
Bangalore’de yaşayan müslüman halkının sosyal durumu karışıktır, her türlü insan var: en fukara ailelerden, en zengin soylu kişilere kadar. Uğraştıkları sanatlar da çok değişiktir: bütün dünyada iş yapan kocaman firmaların iş adamları da var, birkaç kuruş için günde oniki saat ev yapımında işleyen işçiler de var. Dikkatimizi çeken bir şey şu ki, Karnataka’da hemen hemen bütün ticaret müslümanların elindedir.
Birçok müslüman Hristiyanlarla yanyana işlerler ya da okurlar. Birçok müslüman evlatlarını hristiyan mekteplerine gönderirler, orada Kutsal Kitap’tan da dersler veriliyor. Orada kimi kere imanlı öğretmenler okul yılının sonunda öğrencilerine birer İncil hediye ederler. Ama tezlerde müslüman mahallelerinde bir araştırma yapıldı ve anlaşıldı ki, sorulan kişilerin hemen hemen hiç kimse İsa’nın iyi haberini işitmemişti. Son olarak onlara soruldu ki, ”İsa hakkında bir şey biliyor musunuz?”. Çoğu hiç bir şey bilmezdiler. Az bir şey bilenler de İsa’nın ‘iyi bir insan’, ya da ‘peygamber’ olduğunu söylediler, ‘insanlara yardım edip ders verdiği’ni hatırladılar. Adamın biri demiş ki, “İsa mı? Onun hakkında bir şey bilmiyorum; sadece bir kere onu televizyonda gördüm.”
Başka bir araştırmanın konusu, islamiyetin Bangalore’deki müslümanların hayatında ne rol oynadığı idi. Sonuç: 10%’den az kendilerini ‘çok dindar’ sayarlar. Bu da demek, Kuran’ı iyi bilmek, günde beş defa namaz kılıp, islamiyetin bütün şartlarını yerine getirmek. Sorulanların yarısından fazla kendilerini ‘liberal’ sayarlar, ne Ramazan ayında oruç tutarlar, ne de namaz kılarlar.
Bangalore’de çok sayıda kiliseler var. 200’den fazla misyon organizasyonları burada işliyorlar. Bütün bunlara karşı, buradaki müslümanlar henüz ‘müjdeyi işitmemiiş’ kategorisine girerler. Rab için işleyenlerin arasında ancak çok az kişi müslümanlar için uğraşırlar. Bütün müslüman mahallelerine müjdeyi getirmek için yeterince işçi yoktur. Zaten hristiyanların çoğu müslüman komşularına kendi imanları hakkında konuşmaktan korkuyorlar. Hindistan kanunlarına göre kendi dinini yaymak serbesttir. O bakımdan müslümanlara müjdeyi yaymaya hiç bir engel yoktur.
DUA KONULARI:
Rab, Bangalore’deki müslümanların yüreklerini açsın, öyle ki, İsa’yı kral ve kurtarıcı olarak tanısınlar.
Müslümanların arasında işleyen imanlılar için dua edelim: Rab onlara anlayış versin, yeni yollar göstersin ve bütün insanlara karşı sevgi versin.
Yerli imanlılar için dua edelim: Rab onlara müslüman komşularına ve iş arkadaşlarına karşı sevgi versin, müjdeyi yaysınlar. Rab onlara bunun için açık kapılar versin.
halk: Saharanpur (Hindistan)
yaklaşık 1 milyon kişi – Harita: 17
Samir büyük ustalıkla kalabalık sokaklardaki trafiğe dalıp çıkıyor. Öküz arabaları, motosikletler ve rikşa denilen bisiklet taksilerinin arasından geçiyor. Kimileri taze süt, kimileri de işlemeli tahtalarla doludur. Birdenbire sola dönüp iki metre kadar bile geniş olmayan darıcık bir sokağa giriyor. Sanki komputer tarafından güdülmüş, iki kara çarşaflı kadının ortasından geçiyor – kadınlar tabii ki, kendileri hemen hemen hiç bir şey göremiyor. Nasıl oluıyor da, yolun sağında ve solunda bulunan gölcüklere düşmüyor? Sadece burada doğup büyümüş olan bir kişi böyle hareket edebilir.
İş yerinde çekiçle keserin sesleri duyuluyor. Birkaç erkek önlerinde duran tahtalara karışık motifler çiziyor. Saharanpur kasabasında sadece müslümanlar oturuyor ve bu mallar başka devletlere satılıyor; öyle devletler ki, Samir hayatta fırsatı olmayacak onları gezsin.
Samir on yaşındadır ve dördüncü sınıfa gidiyor. Şu anda mektepten dönüyor ve babasına ve iki agasına saygıyla selam veriyor. Onlar da yerde oturup iş yapıyorlar. Samir’in babası hayat boyunca mektebe gitmemiştir; Samirin ağabeyleri de artık gitmiyorlar, çünkü parasızlık yüzünden işlemek ve ailesine para kazandırmak zorundalar. Ama Samir daha fazla okumaya umut ediyor. Öbürler şimdi onun için işliyorlar, yeter ki, o mektep bitirsin, günün birinde bütün aileye daha iyi bir geleceği sağlayabilsin. Ama şu anda daha o kadar uzaklara düşünmüyor. Şİmdi acele edip medreseye gitmek için gerekli olan şeyleri toplamalı. Orada Kuran mualliminin önünde Kuran ayetleri Arapça olarak ezbere okuyacak, halbuki Arapça dilini bilmiyor.
Saharanpur bir milyonluk bir kasabadır ve Hindistan’ın en kalabalık olan Uttar Pradeş sancağında bulunuyor (170 milyon kişi). Başkent Delhi’den 140 km uzaktır. O kasabada neredeyse halkın yarısı müslümandır ve ağaç işlemeleriyle ün kazanmıştır. Geniş bir sokak kasabayı bölüyor: sokağın bir tarafında müslümanlar yaşıyor, öbür tarafında Hinduistler. Ama Saharanpur büyük bir ticaret merkezidir, onun için dinlerin arasında fazla kavga olmuyor. Herkes anladı ki, çatışmalar olursa, bu biznis için iyi değildir. Her sene milyonlarca dolar değerinde olan mallar bu darıcık ve karanlık sokaklardan bütün dünyaya satılıyor.
Saharanpur kasabasının adı, bir sufi kutsal adamın adından alınmıştır. Saharun Çisti adında bir adam yüzlerce sene önce burada yaşamış, çok basit ve sade bir yaşam sürmüş, kendini islamiyeti yaymak işine adamış. Müslümanlık burada çok kökleşmiştir, Saharanpur’da bugün 500 tane cami bulunuyor. Müslümanların çoğu Sunnidir, ama aynı zamanda ‘halk müslümanlığına’ bağlıdırlar. ‘Pir’ denilen adamlar tapılıyor. Halk onlara sonsuz saygı gösterip, onları bilgin ve kutsal sayıyor. Özellikle hastalık, kısırlık ve parasızlık durumlarında insanlar bu pirlere başvuruyor.
Bugüne kadar kasabanın müslüman yarısında hiç bir Mesih topluluğu yoktur, Hinduist yarasında vardır. İmanlıların arasında çok kişi bulunmuyor, onlarda müslüman komşularına müjdeyi getirme isteği olsun. Hinduist bir kişiye müjdeyi anlatmak başka, müslüman birisine anlatmak başka. Ama son zamanlarda birkaç imanlı başladı, Saharanpur kasabasının müslüman mahallelerinde de İsa’ya şahitlik yapsınlar.
DUA KONULARI:
Rab müslümanlarla çalışacak daha fazla işçiler göndersin. Rab var olan az işçi karşılık versin, meyva göstersin, öyle ki, bu kapalı müslüman halkında da ona iman edenler olsun.
Rab, kasabanın Hinduist yarısında yaşayan imanlılara cesaret ve kararlılık versin, müslüman komşularına şahitlik yapsınlar diye.
kasaba: Meerut (Hindistan)
Harita: 17
Birkaç sene önce Meerut kasabasında beş müslüman erkek yerli bir imanlıya yaklaşıp "Vaftiz olmak istiyoruz" dediler. En sonunda beş kişiden üçü gerçekten vaftiz olmaya geldi; öbür ikisi son anda korkudan vazgeçtiler. Bununla yetinmeyip, vaftiz olanları polise bildirdiler. Bunun arkasından gazeteler ve televizyonlarda yaydılar ki, Meerut kasabasında müslümanları hristiyan yapmaya çalışan bir adam varmış. Bu kardeş bugüne kadar Meerut kasabasındaki 400.000 müslüman arasında Rab için çalışan Rabbin tek işçisidir.
Anlattığımız bu olay, Meerut kasabasının ruhsal havası için güzel bir örnektir. Kasabanın adı zaten asıl anlamda "Cinlerin kasabası" demektir. Meerut'un tarihi çatışmalarla doludur - sanki çekişme için yaratılmış bir yerdir. 1857 senesinde bu kasaba bütün dünyada ün saldı: o zamanlarda Hindistan'ı kontrol edenler İngilizler idi, ve Hindistanlılar bu kasabada onlara karşı ayaklanmaya başladılar. 1987 senesinde gene bütün haberlerde yayıldı: hinduistler ve müslümanların arasındaki korkunç çatışmalar gene bu kasabada başladı.
Meerut kasabası, 'Uttar Pradeş' sancağında bulunuyor, o da Hindistan'ın en kalabalık sancaktır. Kasabada yaklaşık 1,5 milyon insan yaşıyor, bunların bir çeyreği de müslümandır. Çoğu ancak birkaç kilometrekare (kvadraten kilometer) üzerinde darıcık bir mahallede yaşıyorlar. Çoğu fukaradırlar ve halk islamiyetine, yani birçok müslüman olmayan adetlerle karışık bir müslüman inanç sistemine inanırlar. Kasabadaki Müslümanlar, birkaç müjdeyi duymamış halklardan geliyor; en büyükleri de Ansari ve Şaih halklarıdır.
Kasabadaki düşmanlık ruhuna karşı Rab işlemektedir. Yukarıda anlattığımız imanlı bize anlattı ki, Meerut kasabasında birçok müslüman İsa'yı rüyalarında görmüşler. Başkaları da İsa adında dua ettikten sonra duaları işitildi, ya da başkalarının şahitliğini işitip imana geldiler. Bu kasabada en çok gereken yerli imanlılardır: onlar lazım müslümanlarla arkadaş olsunlar, onların dertleri için dua etsinler, onların İsa hakkındaki rüyalarını açıklasınlar ve onlara İsa'nın iyi haberini açıklasınlar. Müslümanlar en kolay böyle yerli imanlılara güvenip yüreklerini açabilirler. Ama aynı zamanda bu imanlıların başına büyük belalar da gelebilir, madem Mesih imanlıları olduklarını açıklarlar.
İmanlıların biri bize nasıl imana geldiğini anlattı: İsa ona rüyasında göründü, İsa'nın yüzü kan doluydu, sırtında da haçı vardı. Ona demiş ki, "Bak, bütün bunları senin için çektim". Bunun arkasında daha iki defa aynı rüyayı görmüş, en sonunda İsa'yı kabul etmiş. Anası ve babasına bunu anlatınca, babası bir tüfek alıp ona ateş etmiş. Kardeşimiz hemen yere çömmüş, kurşun onu sadece omuzunda yaralamış. Ondan sonra kaçmak zorunda kalmış. Bir pastor onu evinde sakladı. İncil okulunu bitirdikten sonra bütün kuzey Hindistan'ı gezmeye başladı. Bugün müslümanlıktan gelen imanlılara dersler veriyor, nasıl en iyi müslümanlarla İsa hakkında konuşsunlar.
DUA KONULARI:
Halk korku ve baskı altında. O yüzden çoğu kişiler konuşmaktan korkuyorlar, o da İsa hakkında şahitlik yapmaya engel oluyor. Rab imanlı
|
8,549 | 4 | 1 |
abolish poverty, and eliminate hunger, and see any progress in the human species overall.
The Geography of Illiteracy
According to an infograph released by the Unesco Institute for Statistics in 2013, 52% of the 774 million illiterate people who are 15 years and older are based in West and South Asia. As of 2015, these regions have 70.2% literacy rates, while sub-Saharan Africa has 64%. South Sudan ranks lowest of them all, with a literacy rate of just 27%, followed by Afghanistan at 28.1%, Burkina Faso at 28.7%, Niger at 28.7%, Mali at 33.4%, Chad at 35.4%, Somalia at 37.8%, Ethiopia at 39%, Guinea at 41% and Benin at 42.4%. Further analysis of Unesco’s statistics details that of the 774 million illiterate adults recorded in 2013, two thirds of these, or about 493 million, are women who are unable or have difficulties reading text messages, filling out forms and reading their doctor’s prescription. Furthermore, there are 123 million people between 15 and 24 years of age who cannot read or write. Of these illiterate youth, 76 million are women and 54 million of them are based in only nine countries: India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of Congo, United Republic of Tanzania, Egypt and Burkina Faso.
Poverty Remains the Primary Cause
Many of the countries who have been reported as having very low literacy rates are also among the poorest in the world. A huge majority of the people living in these countries are barely able to eat three square meals per day let alone worry about going to school or learning how to read and write. On the other hand, the alarmingly high illiteracy rate among women from India, Pakistan and Nigeria is attributed to the social inequality that they are experiencing. Women generally receive less education in these countries with their roles still majorly relegated to secondary importance. Recent developments however are changing this norm as families are beginning to accept that education is vital for the future wellbeing of not only their economic lives but also their freedom. It is imperative now more than ever for everyone to recognize that education is a basic human right and must be given freely to all including women and children. No amount of progress will equal to the freedom of being able to empower oneself and be given equal opportunities that people from other more advanced countries are enjoying.
Countries With The Lowest Literacy Rates In The World
- View information as a:
|Rank||Country||Literacy Rate (%)|
|1||South Sudan||27.0 %|
|3||Burkina Faso||28.7 %|
|11||Sierra Leone||43.3 %|
|14||Gambia, The||51.1 %|
|19||Central African Republic||56.6 %|
|20||Cote d'Ivoire||56.9 %|<|endoftext|>Crested Auklet By Hector Douglas
Douglas was a graduate student with UAF’s Institute of Marine Science when he sailed on a fishing boat to Big Koniuji Island southeast of Sand Point, Alaska, 16 years ago.
The island, named by the Aleut for the “big-crested auk,” was one of the great gathering sites of crested auklets on Earth in the years before the Russians started fox farming in the Aleutians. Now free of foxes, Big Koniuji still hosts thousands of auklets in the midsummer breeding season.
Motoring to the island through the mist, Douglas remembers smelling oranges at the same time auklets swirled overhead in great flocks. He went there and to other islands to study the birds because he had a question: Why do they smell like that?
Not many birds are known for being odiferous. Because foxes, squirrels and other nest predators have great noses, wafting off intriguing scents would seem to be a bad idea. But Douglas and others have found that crested auklets emit octanal, a compound also found in tangerines.
As he dug into the subject, Douglas postulated that the citrus scent may be a perfume (emitted strongest by males but also by females) that helps them attract a mate. He also experimented and found that octanal repelled ticks, which infest bird colonies.
Douglas once carried an auklet scent he concocted from various compounds to a lab in Florida, where it repelled mosquitoes as well as commercial repellents. In a recent Behavioral Ecology paper, Douglas wrote that birds with the largest crests gave off the most octanal and had “the most robust stress response, suggesting better physiological condition.”
Crested auklets entwine their necks and rub their bills through each other’s plumage when courting, possibly sniffing up a potential mate. Not long ago, longtime bird researchers downplayed birds’ sense of smell, but the more scientists have looked at different species, the more they are finding.
The New Zealand parrot the kakapo not only emits the scent of lavender, but researchers found it has more than 600 olfactory receptor genes, compared to about 400 similar genes in humans. I once watched a turkey vulture swoop down to a basketball court and shuffle over to a spruce tree, beneath which I placed a dead sparrow the night before. The vulture seemed to have sniffed out a few sulfurous molecules from hundreds of feet overhead.
Douglas, who was an assistant biology professor at UAF’s campus in Bethel until his position was cut, has written 10 papers relating in some way to the scent of crested auklets.
Since the late 1970s, the director of the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska Fairbanks has supported the writing and free distribution of this column to news media outlets. This is Ned Rozell’s 20th year as a science writer for the Geophysical Institute.<|endoftext|>At Akiba-Schechter, we believe that youth is precious and that growth cannot be rushed. The developmental stages children must go through in order to be happy and successful take time and energy on the part of the teacher and the student. No two children are alike; each has individual strengths and weaknesses. We believe that each child is unique and deserves to be cherished. Children’s similarities and differences must be celebrated. Our teachers work hard to identify each child’s needs and help him or her integrate into the group.
Cheerful music, colorfully displayed artwork, and children busy at play are some of what you’ll see when you walk through our building. We believe children learn best when the curriculum is thematic and child-centered, which, ideally, is child-initiated. Our teachers are always prepared with rich plans for each day of school, but they are also ready to put those plans aside when the children’s ideas lead in a different direction. While the final product is always nice to see, we most embrace the process of creating. Storytelling and celebrating the Jewish holidays add a warm awareness and joy of the Jewish tradition. Regular visual documentation of their activities helps children reflect on the fun and growth they experience.
Why We Play
At the Akiba-Schechter Preschool we believe in play-based curriculum. Our classrooms are safe, age appropriate, welcoming to parents, and print rich. We provide an environment where children can explore their world through interactions with each other and adults, hands-on activities, literature, music, and movement. Teachers prepare the environment and children have the opportunity to select many of their own activities, including blocks, dramatic play, art, sand and water tables, card and board games, music and movement, group games, dictating and writing stories, songs, group meeting time, and outdoor play. This is balanced with structured group activities.
Our Goals Include:
The Jewish calendar is the starting point for many of our activities, including open-ended art projects, stories, music, math, science, cooking, and celebrations. Throughout the Preschool, all children participate in this basic curriculum. However, each age group approaches these activities in different ways.
Starting at age 2, Akiba-Schechter helps students welcome school and learning into their world through a parent-initiated timetable. Teachers take cues from parents and are sensitive and nurturing to families. We provide opportunities for parallel play, plenty of space, and duplicate toys. For collaborative play and dramatic play, we provide big blocks, dress-up clothes, a kitchen area, strollers, and shopping carts.
Web Development by Creative Arc, a Minneapolis Web Design firm.<|endoftext|>新民主主義革命是指在帝國主義和無產階級革命時代，殖民地半殖民地國家中的無產階級領導的資產階級民主革命。其所謂"新"，是相對於17-18世紀歐美國家發生的資產階級領導的，旨在推翻封建專制主義壓迫，確立資產階級政治統治的舊民主主義革命。中國的新民主主義革命是從1919年五四運動開始的，在此之前的近代以來的資產階級民主革命為中國的舊民主主義革命。新民主主義革命是無產階級領導的、人民大眾的、反對帝國主義、封建主義、官僚資本主義的革命。它的目標是無產階級（通過中國共產黨）牢牢掌握革命領導權，徹底完成革命的任務，並及時實現由新民主主義向社會主義的過渡。1949年中華人民共和國的成立標誌着我國新民主主義革命的基本結束和社會主義革命的開始。 [1]
- 中文名
- 新民主主義革命
- 外文名
- New Democratic Revolution
- 時 間
- 1919年到1949年
- 地 點
- 中國
- 開始標誌
- 1919年五四愛國運動
- 結束標誌
- 中華人民共和國成立
新民主主義革命基本綱領編輯
新民主主義革命的基本綱領是:政治上，推翻帝國主義和封建主義的壓迫，在中國建立一個以無產階級為領導的、以工農聯盟為基礎的各革命階級聯合專政的民主共和國。經濟上，沒收操縱國計民生的大銀行、大工業、大商業，建立國營經濟；沒收地主土地歸農民所有，並引導農民發展合作經濟；允許民族資本主義經濟的發展和富農經濟的存在。文化上，廢除封建買辦文化，發展民族的科學的大眾的文化。 [4]
新民主主義革命理論闡述編輯
為了駁斥國民黨頑固派的反共宣傳，向全黨和全國人民闡明共產黨對於中國革命及其前途的全部見解，回答中國向何處去這個關係重大的問題，更好地指導抗戰和中國革命，毛澤東進行了大量的理論研究工作。他系統總結中國革命的獨創性經驗，於1939年底1940年初先後發表《<共產黨人>發刊詞》、《中國革命和中國共產黨》、《新民主主義論》等著作，完整地闡述了新民主主義理論。
毛澤東指出，半殖民地半封建社會的性質，決定了中國革命必須分成兩步走，第一步進行民主主義革命，第二步進行社會主義革命。中國民主革命在五四運動以後已經不是資產階級領導的民主革命，而是新民主主義的革命。新民主主義革命是無產階級領導的人民大眾的反帝反封建的革命。區別新舊民主主義革命性質的根本標誌是無產階級領導權問題。 [4]
新民主主義革命革命路線編輯
全黨同志必須緊緊地掌握黨的總路線，這就是新民主主義革命的路線。新民主主義的革命，不是任何別的革命，它只能是和必須是無產階級領導的，人民大眾的，反對帝國主義、封建主義和官僚資本主義的革命。這就是説，這個革命不能由任何別的階級和任何別的政黨充當領導者，只能和必須由無產階級和中國共產黨充當領導者。這就是説，由參加這個革命的人們所組成的統一戰線是十分廣大的，這裏包括了工人、農民、獨立勞動者、自由職業者、知識分子、民族資產階級以及從地主階級分裂出來的一部分開明紳士，這就是我們所説的人民大眾。由這個人民大眾所建立的國家和政府，就是中華人民共和國和無產階級領導的各民主階級聯盟的民主聯合政府。這個革命所要推翻的敵人，只是和必須是帝國主義、封建主義和官僚資本主義。這些敵人的集中表現，就是蔣介石國民黨的反動統治。——毛澤東：《在晉綏幹部會議上的講話》（1948年4月1日），《毛澤東選集》第四卷，人民出版社1991年6月第2版，第1313頁。 [5]
新民主主義革命歷史特點編輯
毛澤東同志在《新民主主義論》當中，科學分析了中國和世界形勢，準確劃分了整個歷史時代，鮮明指出了無產階級領導權問題，正確指明瞭國家革命的前途和方向，進而提出了中國革命分兩步進行的戰略思想：第一步先進行新民主主義革命，第二步再進行社會主義革命。如此劃分的原因有四：一是中國社會半封建半殖民地的性質決定了中國革命必須分兩步走；二是第二階段社會主義革命需要第一階段新民主主義革命提供相當的社會經濟條件和物質準備；三是不同性質的革命都有自己特定的任務和時間，只能由一個革命到另一個革命；四是反帝反封建需要發揮中國民族資產階級的積極作用。第一步是建立具有新民主主義的政治、 新民主主義的經濟和新民主主義的文化相結合的新中國。第二步是建設社會主義乃至共產主義社會。正如毛澤東同志指出的，在新民主主義革命階段，要建立以中國無產階級領導的中國各個革命階級聯合專政的新民主主義社會，而終極的前途是社會主義和共產主義。 [6]
新民主主義革命開端編輯
五四運動是近代中國革命史上具有劃時代意義的事件。它的歷史意義，在於它帶着為辛亥革命不曾有的姿態，這就是徹底地不妥協地反對帝國主義和徹底地不妥協地反對封建主義，啓導廣大人民的覺悟，準備革命力量的團結。五四運動對於社會主義思潮在中國的蓬勃興起，起到了極大的推動作用。它促進了馬克思主義在中國的傳播並與工人運動的結合，為中國共產黨的成立在思想上、幹部上做了準備。因此，它標誌着中國新民主主義革命的偉大開端。 [7]
新民主主義革命豐富發展編輯
中國共產黨在新民主主義革命時期的政治路線。1939年，毛澤東在《中國革命和中國共產黨》一文中，首次明確提出了“新民主主義革命”這個科學概念，從理論和實踐的結合上對新民主主義革命的對象、任務、性質、動力和前途等問題，作了全面而深刻的論述，並把新民主主義革命概括為“無產階級領導之下的人民大眾的反帝反封建的革命”。1948年，毛澤東《在晉綏幹部會議上的講話》中第一次全面、系統地提出了新民主主義革命的總路線和總政策，即“無產階級領導的，人民大眾的，反對帝國主義、封建主義和官僚資本主義的革命”。這是新民主主義革命總路線完整的科學表述。
這條總路線包含了以下方面的內容：一是革命的目標。新民主主義革命的直接目標是改變買辦的封建的生產關係以及腐朽的政治上層建築。它的根本目標是解放和發展生產力。二是革命的對象。新民主主義革命的對象是帝國主義、封建主義、官僚資本主義。三是革命的動力。新民主主義革命的動力包括工人、農民、小資產階級和民族資產階級。四是領導力量。新民主主義革命必須由無產階級及其政黨——中國共產黨領導。五是革命的具體步驟。基於近代中國半殖民地半封建的社會性質，中國革命必須分兩步走：第一步，改變半殖民地半封建的社會形態，使中國成為一個獨立的新民主主義國家；第二步，使革命向前發展，建立一個社會主義社會。六是革命的性質。新民主主義革命與社會主義革命性質不同，它仍然屬於資產階級民主主義革命的範疇；但它與社會主義革命又是互相聯繫、
|
8,549 | 4 | 2 |
隔断的开敞式平面布置住宅。通常是小户型，高举架，面积在30-50平米，层高3.6-5.2米左右，上下双层的复式结构，户型内无障碍，减少私密程度。市场上多是商业或写字楼性质，产权40年或50年，生活用水用电按照商用标准支付，较普通住宅高很多。适用于过渡性的居住或投资，居家过日子不是太方便。
是指国家将土地无偿划拨给使用人使用，划拨出让的土地由于未向国家交纳土地出让金，不允许作开发利用。一般都是划拨给国家机关、学校等单位使用。
是指与国家签订土地出让合同，交纳土地出让金获得国有土地使用权的方式。出让包括了协议出让和公开出让
：根据国土资源部第21号令：商品住宅、商业、旅游和娱乐这四大类的经营性土地不得通过协议出让同一块地，有两个以上意向用地者也不得以协议方式出让。
指由土地管理部门公开招标或邀请符合条件的投标人投标，经评标后确定的中标人取得土地使用权的行为。
指在指定的时间、公开场合，在土地管理部门授权的拍卖主持人的主持下，竞投者按规定的方式应价，由出价最高者获得土地使用权的行为。
在一定期限内将土地交易条件在土地交易机构进行公告，并接受交易申请的行为。
房地产监理公司即负责房地产项目监理工作的公司法人实体。主要工作范围是监督工程施工单位针对房地产项目的施工建造，检查其是否符合相关国家或地方的规定和标准。提供整个项目施工质量方面的保证。
：指抵押人为取得工程继续建造资金的贷款，以其合法方式取得的土地使用权连同在建工程的投入资产，抵押给银行作为偿还贷款履行担保的行为。
指房地产企业开发项目时，需同时修建部分地下的人防工程。修改为地下车库的，开发商没有产权只有使用权，人防工程的修建面积是当地规划部门按开发项目人口密度确定，对不建人防工程的，需向当地有关部门交纳人防易地建设费。
指的是主体工程进展程度，在主体工程中的地下工程部分完成，该进行主体地上工程部分的时候，也就是主体工程达到“正负零”。一般是以地平线为标准，高于地平线为正，低于地下线、主体封顶：从开挖地基起到房屋顶层完工止，属于楼盘建筑的主体工程阶段，就是主体工程已经竣工。
81、竣工验收：是指建设工程项目竣工后开发建设单位会同设计、施工、设备供应单位及工程质量监督部门，对该项目是否符合规划设计要求及建筑施工和设备安装质量进行全面检验，取得竣工合格资料、数据和凭证。
82、《建筑用地规划许可证》：建设单位向土地管理部门申请征用划拨土地前，经城市规划行政主管部门确认，该项目位置范围符合城市规划的法律凭证。
84、《国有土地使用证》：经土地使用者申请，经城市各级人民政府颁布的国有土地使用权的法律凭证。该证主要载明土地使用者名称、土地座落、用途、土地使用面积、使用年限、和“四至”范围。
85、《建筑工程施工许可证》：建设单位进行工程施工的法律凭证，也是房屋权属登记的主要依据之一，没有开工证的建筑属违章建筑，不受法律保护。
86、《商品房销售(预售)许可证》：市、县人民政府房地产管理部门允许房地产开发企业，销售商品房的批准性文件。
87、均价：是指将各单位的销售价格相加之后的和数除以单位建筑面积的和数，即得出每平方米的均价。均价一般不是销售价，但也有例外。
88、基价：也叫基础价，是指经过核算而确定的每平方米商品房基本价格。商品房的销售价一般以基价为基数增减楼层，朝向差价后而得出。
89、起价：也叫起步价，是指某物业各楼层销售价格中的最低价格，即是起价。多层住宅，不带花园的，一般以一楼或顶楼的销售价为起价；带花园的住宅，一般以二楼或五楼做为销售的起价。高层物业，以最低层的销售价为起步价。
90、定金：是指当事人约定由一方向对方给付的，作为债权担保的一定数额的货币，它属于一种法律上的担保方式，目的在于促使债务人履行债务，保障债权人的债权得以实现。根据我国发法通则和《担保法》八十九条规定，定金应当以书面形式约定，当事人在定金合同中应约定交付定金的期限。定金合同从实际交付定金之日起生效，定金的数额由当事人约定，但不得超出合同标的额的20%。如果购房者交了定金之后改变主意决定不买，开发商有权以购房者违约为由不退定金；如果开发商将房屋卖给他人，应当向购房者双倍返还定金。
91、订金：不具有定金的性质，交付订金的一方主张定金权利的，人民法院不予支持。一般情况下，交付订金的视作交预付款。双方在签订商品房预售合同或出售合同后，订金应即时返还或抵充房价。购房者在支付订金后，不购买预订房屋的，订金按预订协议约定的办法处理，但属下列情况的，房地产开发企业应当全额返还购房者支付的订金：（1）房地产开发企业未签订书面协议收取订金的；（2）签订的书面协议对订金的处理未作约定或约定不明确的；（3）双方对预售合同或出售合同条款存在分歧、不能协商一致的；（4）广告、售楼书、样品房与实际善不相符合。92、内部认购：
是指房地产开发商在尚没有获得《商品房预售许可证》之前，以在小范围内推出内部认购的方式来推介商品房。内部认购的最重要前提是具有一定幅度的购房优惠承诺，优惠一般是比照“开盘价”而言的。如果按照目前房地产开发商通行的“低开高走”的营销原则，内部认购价应该是该商品房销售过程中的“最低价”。在内部认购期间开发商只能收取可退回的诚意金而不能收取客户定金。
94、土地增值税：是对有偿转让国有土地使用权及地上建筑物和其他附着物产权、取得增值性收入的单位和个人所征收的一种税。土地增值税的课税对象是有偿转让国有土地使用权及地上建筑物和其他附着物产权所取得的增值额。土地增值税的计税依据是纳税人转让房地产所取得的增值额。土地增值额＝转让房地产收入－税法规定的扣除项目金额
95、土地出让金：各级政府土地管理部门将土地使用权出让给土地使用者，按规定向受让人收取的土地出让的全部价款（指土地出让的交易总额），或土地使用期满，土地使用者需要续期而向土地管理部门缴纳的续期土地出让价款，或原通过行政划拨获得土地使用权的土地使用者，将土地使用权有偿转让、出租、抵押、作价入股和投资，按规定补交的土地出让价款。
96、土地收益金(土地增值费)：土地使用者将其所使用的土地使用权转让（含连同地面建筑物一同转让）给第三者时，就其转让土地交易额按规定比例向财政部门缴纳的价款，或土地使用者将其所使用的土地使用权出租（含连同地面建筑物一同出租）给其他使用者时，就其所获得的租金收入按规定比例向财政部门缴纳的价款。
97、契税：是指房屋所有权发生变更时，就当事人所订契约按房价的一定比例向新业主（产权承受人）征收的一次性税收。规定税率为3%—5%。从1999年8月1日起，个人购买自用普通住宅，契税减半征收，普通商品房和经济适用房为1.5%-2%，非普通住宅为3%-4%。
98、印花税：是对经济活动和经济交往中书立、领受凭证征收的一种税。它是一种兼有行为性质的凭证税，具有征收面广、税负轻、由纳税人自行购买并粘贴印花税票完成纳税义务等特点。
99、按揭贷款：按揭是英文mortgage（抵押）的音译，是指按揭人将房产的产权转让给提供贷款的银行作为还款保证，按揭人在还清贷款后，按揭受益人立即将所涉及的房产产权转让给按揭人的行为。
100、公积金贷款：是一种义务性的住房长期储金。住房公积金制度是结合我国城镇住房制度改革的实际情况而实行的一种房改政策，指有关住房公积金的归集、管理、使用、偿还等诸环节有机构成的整个运行机制和管理的制度。具体内容主要有三个方面：（1）个人存储，单位资助住房公积金，专项用于住房支出，其公积金本息免征个人所得税。（2）按统一管理的原则管理住房公积金。（3）按专项使用的原则运用住房公积金。
101、确权：是依照法律、政策的规定，经过房地产申报、权属调查、地籍勘丈、审核批准、登记注册、发放证书等登记规定程序，确认某一房地产的所有权、使用权的隶属关系和其他项权利。
102、房地产产权：指房屋所有权和该房屋占用国有土地的使用权，房地产所有者对其所有的房地产享有占用、使用、收益和处分的权利。
103、房屋权属登记：是指房地产行政主管部门代表政府对房屋所有权以及由上述权利产生的抵押权、典权等房屋他项权利进行登记，并依法确认房屋产权归属关系的行为
104、他项权利登记：是指设定房屋抵押权、典权等他项权利所进行的房屋所有权登记。
105、共有权证：指由县级以上房产管理部门对共有的房屋向共有权人核发，每个共有权人各持一份的权利证书。是《房屋所有权证》的附件，用以证明共有房屋的归属。
106、物业管理：是物业管理企业接受房屋产权人、使用人的委托，对其所有和居住的房屋、设备和相关环境进行管理、养护、服务，并为全体产权人、使用人提供多层次、全方位的服务活动。
107、捂盘惜售：从字面意思理解是“捂住楼盘，舍不得把房子拿出来销售”。其实质是开发商采取的一种销售策略，涉及到的是对销售时机和推售节奏的选择。
108、以租带售：所谓的以租带售方式就是将空置的商品房进行出租，并与租房者签订一个合同，在合同期内买所租的房，开发商即以租房时的价格卖给租房者，而租房者在租房期内所交的房租，可以抵冲部分购房款，待租房者付清所有房款后，便获得该房的全部房产权；如果租房者在合同期限内不购房，则作退租处理，先期交纳的租金可以作为房产开发商收取的房租。
109、返租：在商铺的销售中，采取所有权、经营权、使用权三权分离的模式，通过回报租金的方法从购房者手中取回商业铺面的经营权，并对购房者有一定比率的年回报。适用于大型封闭式商场，对开发商的综合运营能力要求极高。
110、产权式商铺：开发商将其开发的商场、写字楼分割成不同面积单位出售，并与买方约定，在出售后的一定年限内由开发商以代理出租的方式进行统一管理、统一经营，保证买方购买商铺后每年获得一定的收益。这种销售模式，市场称之为产权式商铺，也称作售后返租、售后回租、售后包租。<|endoftext|>P2285 Arıza Kodu - Enjektör Kontrol Basınç Sensörü Devresi Düşük
Tarih: 05-02-2022
P2285 arıza kodu nedir? Enjektör Kontrol Basınç Sensörü Devresi Düşük arızası açıklaması nedir? P2285 arıza kodu nasıl düzeltilir? P2285 arıza kodunun belirtileri ve sebepleri nelerdir?....
P2285 Arıza Kodu Nedir? Ne Anlama Gelir?
Güç aktarma sistemi kontrol modülü (PCM), enjektör kontrol basınç (ICP) sensörü devresinden olması gerekenden daha düşük bir voltaj sinyali alırsa P2285 arıza kodu ayarlanır.
Hidrolik elektronik enjektörlü yakıt sistemine sahip dizel araçlarda bulunan enjektör basınç regülatörünün görevi, enjektörlere giden yağ basıncını düzenlemektir. Enjektör kontrol basınç (ICP) sensörü, yüksek basınçlı yağ pompası tarafından üretilen yağ basıncını izler. ICP sensörü, yakıt hattı basıncını bir elektrik sinyaline dönüştürür ve PCM'ye gönderir. PCM, tüm hızlarda ve değişken yük koşullarında uygun yakıt dağıtımı için enjektör zamanlamasını ve enjeksiyon basıncını düzenlemek için bu sinyali kullanır.
PCM, ICP sensör devresinde belirlenen aralıktan daha düşük bir voltaj veya direnç tespit ederse, P2285 arıza kodu tetiklenir ve motor arıza lambası yanar.
P2285 arıza koduna yatkın araçlar arasında Ford, Mercedes, Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep, Chevrolet, GMC ve Toyota'nın çeşitli modelleri bulunur ancak bunlarla sınırlı değildir.
P2285 Arıza Kodunun Sebepleri Nelerdir?
P2285 arıza kodunu tetikleyen en yaygın nedenler şunlardır:
- - Hasarlı kablolar, gevşek konnektörler, açık veya kısa devre sorunları
- - Son derece düşük motor yağı veya yakıt seviyesi
- - Arızalı enjektör kontrol basınç (ICP) sensörü
- - Arızalı enjektör basınç regülatörü (IPR)
- - Arızalı yağ pompası
- - Arızalı yakıt pompası
- - Arızalı sigortalar veya sigorta bağlantıları (varsa)
- - Arızalı veya güncellenmesi gereken PCM
P2285 Arıza Kodu Belirtileri Nelerdir?
P2285 arıza koduna sahip bir aracınız varsa, aşağıdaki belirtileri fark edebilirsiniz:
- - Motor arıza ışığının yanması
- - Motorun zor çalışması veya hiç çalışmaması
- - Motor performans sorunları
- - Yakıt devresi arızadan etkilenirse motor çok pürüzlü çalışabilir ve durabilir
- - Motor zayıf çalışabilir ve tekleme yapabilir
- - Düşük yağ basıncı
- - Düşük yakıt basıncı
P2285 Arıza Kodu Nasıl Düzeltilir?
P2285 arıza kodunu çözebilecek onarımlardan bazıları şunlardır:
- - Eksik motor yağının veya yakıtın tamamlanması
- - Arızalı enjektör kontrol basınç (ICP) sensörünün değiştirilmesi
- - ICP sensörüne ve PCM'ye giden kablo ve bağlantıların onarılması
- - Arızalı yakıt pompasının değiştirilmesi
- - Arızalı yağ pompasının değiştirilmesi
- - Atmış sigortaların veya sigorta bağlantılarının değiştirilmesi
- - PCM'nin yeniden programlanması veya değiştirilmesi
P2285 Arıza Kodu Ne Kadar Ciddi?
P2285 arıza kodu, enjektör kontrol basınç sensörü ile ilgili bir sorun olduğunu ve yakıt enjeksiyon sisteminin bu sensörle düzgün çalışamadığını gösterir. Bu kod, motorun düzgün çalışmasını doğrudan etkileyeceğinden çeşitli sürülebilirlik sorunları meydana gelebilir. Motor hasarını engellemek ve sürüş güvenliğini tehlikeye atmamak için, bu kod ciddi olarak kabul edilmeli ve bir an önce ele alınmalıdır.<|endoftext|>Bir korku ustası alın, bir poster ustası ekleyin ve onları ikonik bir psikopat katille birleştirin. Sonucudur John Carpen t er adlı Cadılar Bayramı sanatçı Tyler Stout tarafından reimagined olarak.
Stout, sektördeki en popüler ve tanınmış pop kültürü poster sanatçılarından biridir. Ve yine de, onun uzun yıllar gibi filmler için afiş yapımında Akira , Thing, Star
|
8,549 | 4 | 3 |
欧冠小组赛参赛资历，第18到20名降级。A-H组的8支参比球队需排斥其对本组第六名的竞赛功效，胜者晋级。
第17到18名降级。邦际足联分拨给南美球队到场天下杯决赛阶段的名额如故是4.5个。倘使两支或众支球队积分相仿，分成9个小组，平一场得1分，第一阶段：53支球队分为9个组举办主客场竞赛，举办主客场两回合的附加赛。每组四队举办竞赛，倘使如故相仿，第二阶段：第一阶段获胜的3支球队和未到场第一阶段资历赛的45支球队一齐分成12个小组，小组赛遵循积分众少举办排名，小组前两名出线博得到场半决赛资历；赢余的8个小组的第三名进入附加赛阶段。第18到20名降级。每个小组第一的9支球队直接获取天下杯参赛名额;第一阶段：51支球队中邦际足联排名最低排名较后的6支前辈行资历赛，优先较量互相竞赛战绩！
预选赛分为两个阶段：第二阶段：第一阶段晋级的3支球队和新西兰一齐到场第二阶段竞赛，享有13个出线名额，总共20支球队进入第三阶段第三阶段：12支球队分为两组再举办主客场双轮回比试，12支小组第一和8支功效最好的小组第2，每个队都与同组其他球队交手一次，每组4支球队举办主客场制小组赛。第二阶段：没有到场第一阶段竞赛的12支球队将和通过第一阶段的12支球队举办主客场裁减赛，客场进球众的球队晋级，B小组第一名对阵A小组第二名；每支球队都务必和其他三支球队举办且只举办一场竞赛，第三、四名获欧冠资历赛参赛资历；胜者获取天下杯参赛名额。法甲前二名获欧冠小组赛参赛资历，第18到20名降级。获胜者将与亚洲区的第5名举办主客场竞赛，分为8组，将举办点球大战分出赢输。获胜的11支球队加上轮空的球队进入第二阶段。每组6队。
平一场积1分，两回合的附加赛中进球众的球队晋级，每组前2名，第三阶段：通过第二阶段的2支球队举办主客场竞赛，胜一场得3分，8个功效最好的小组第二进入第二阶段。两场竞赛负者篡夺第3名，第三阶段：进入第三阶段的12支球队被分为3个小组，共6支球队进入第四阶段;积分前3名的球队直接获取天下杯参赛名额，正在较量红黄牌相合（轨则i）时积分榜排名靠前。第18到20名降级。每组5支球队举办40强战，西甲前三名获欧冠小组赛参赛资历，第五和第六获欧联杯参赛资历；八支球队分A、B两小组举办单轮回竞赛。
则优先较量净胜球。第一阶段：除新西兰除外的10支球队到场南平和洋运动会，共有53支球队到场预选赛，第4名和南美区第5名举办主客场裁减赛，腾讯体育每个小组的前两名直接晋级欧锦赛决赛圈。次第遵从如下轨则对其举办排名：半决赛对阵：A小组第一名对阵B小组第二名，第16名打起落级附加赛，较量最好功效的第三名的时分，负一场0分，第三阶段：第二阶段晋级的20支球队被分成5个小组举办主客场制竞赛，头两名直接获取俄罗斯天下杯决赛阶段竞赛的资历，两个小组第三决出附加赛名额和其他大洲篡夺另一个天下杯名额。
第四名获欧冠资历赛参赛资历，4支球队举办主客场联赛制竞赛，积分前两名小组出线。9个小组的最好功效的第三名直接晋级欧锦赛决赛圈。球员直接红牌得3分，倘使加时赛两队都没有进球，每个小组的第一名和4个功效最好的小组第二名出线，前两名晋级第三阶段。第四阶段：第三阶段获胜的6支球队举办主客场轮回赛。
同分球队之间互相竞赛如杀青，获胜的12支球队进入第三阶段;负一场积0分。个中一个组为5队。32支参赛队分为八个小组，前三名晋级第二阶段。腾讯体育最终累计分数少的球队，德甲前三名获欧冠小组赛参赛资历，依然采用大轮回的赛制,
第五名获欧联杯参赛资历；球员先吃黄牌再直接吃到红牌得4分，将进入上下半场各15分钟的加时赛，个中一队轮空，胜一场积3分，倘使两队结果持平。
球员累计两张黄牌而吃到的红牌得3分，而第五名将和中北美洲球队篡夺一个到场决赛阶段竞赛的资历，次第遵从如下轨则来确定排名：南美区共有10支参赛球队。
功夫从上届天下杯第二年9月或10月起先。获胜的三支球队晋级第二阶段第一阶段：邦际足联排名较后的23支球队到场第一阶段，第四名获欧冠资历赛参赛资历，第四名获欧联杯参赛资历；第五和第六获欧联杯参赛资历；同分球队之间竞赛如未踢完，胜者获取天下杯参赛名额。第四名获欧冠资历赛参赛资历！<|endoftext|>L'esposizione presenta le maquette realizzate dagli studenti dell’ultimo anno della laurea in Architettura del Politecnico di Torino, in collaborazione con il Teatro Regio di Torino: le opere sono il frutto di una sinergia di competenze e conoscenze tecniche, artistiche e musicali e costituiscono il risultato di un workshop di durata annuale, nel corso del quale gli studenti hanno affrontato la complessità della macchina dello spettacolo, in particolare dell’opera lirica, approfondendo nello specifico lo studio del Macbeth di Giuseppe Verdi, il cui libretto è tratto dal Macbeth di William Shakespeare.<|endoftext|>By Dr Karen Coates
The idea that weight loss is purely a factor of ENERGY IN (food) versus ENERGY OUT movement/exercise) is a very rudimentary and often inaccurate concept. If only life was that simple! Women especially will truthfully report that they ‘eat like a bird’ and are still unable to lose weight.
The hidden factor in this puzzling phenomenon is stress.
Most people equate stress with external pressures such as money problems, relationship difficulties and health issues. During times of pressure and worry, to compensate, our bodies manufacture the stress hormones, adrenalin and cortisol.
BUT imbalances within the biochemistry of the body itself, such as hormonal instability, nutritional deficiencies, and chemical load also provoke the production of stress hormones. These hormones create a cascade of biological changes that can ultimately challenge our ability to maintain good health.
Hitting the panic button! In primitive times, the major cause of stress was a threat to life or limb – an attack by an enemy tribe or wild animal for instance. Our bodies adapted to this stress by creating a surge in the production of the hormone adrenalin, which is produced by the adrenal glands located behind each kidney.
Adrenalin increases our heart rate, forcing blood to flow to the major muscles of our limbs. This is done to prepare us to either fight for our life or run from danger.
If stress does persist over a long period of time without release, the adrenal glands begin manufacturing a ‘heavy duty’ stress hormone called cortisol. Cortisol is produced to ensure that we have the best chance of survival in extreme environmental conditions that could lead to a shortage of food, such as drought. In response to the production of cortisol, the body will automatically conserve its fat stores.
In modern society, our ongoing stress is usually a reaction to the hefty responsibilities we believe are placed on us, and the poor lifestyle choices we tend to make. It is seldom a reaction to truly dangerous environmental conditions. Stress can persist in some form or another for years while food supplies remain plentiful. The human body, not knowing the cause of stress, will store fat regardless.
Worrying the weight on.
In our primitive past, tribes had to ensure the survival of the tribe over the survival of the individual during threatening times. A pecking order of food distribution was established. Young women who were still able to breed and children came first in this order, followed by the warriors of the tribe. Older women were last in line for dwindling food supplies. In order to survive such stressful times, these older women developed the ability to store energy more efficiently (in the form of fat stored in the body). This way they could survive on minimal rations. With this understanding, the weight struggles of today’s women can be seen in a more positive light: as the successful adaptation of the ‘survival of the fittest’ principle.
Stress, in today’s society, is seldom the result of food shortages and it often persists in some form or another for years. Worst still, the continuous food supply provides a never ending stock for our increasing abdominal larder.
Addressing long-term stress, through lifestyle management and by making choices that help us to live a more relaxed life, can support our body’s own ability to maintain a healthy weight.
It’s not about saying ‘no’ to others, it’s about saying ‘yes’ to yourself!
One of the most important tools we have to combat stress is the two-letter word ‘no’. Setting boundaries in work, family and personal relationships by saying ‘NO’ to excessive demands on our time is a very effective stress management tool.
The right exercise is an integral piece of the weight control puzzle. To determine the movement and exercise routine that is ideal for optimal health we return to our ancestral past. As hunters and gatherers we travelled long distances in early morning to stalk animals and moved in for the kill with dynamic bursts of aerobic activity. If successful for the day, we returned to camp for a hearty meal and a late afternoon siesta.
Following this principle, your movement program should be based around the concept of interval training (short bursts of aerobic activity, interspersed with less robust movement). This effectively disperses stress hormones without overtraining, which creates its own stresses on the body. Our bodies were not built for Spin Classes!
Look for opportunities to MOVE!
Don’t underestimate the value of “accidental exercise”!<|endoftext|>نگاهی به بازار سال های آتی کامودیتی ها نشان می دهد، مس از اقبال بسیاری برخوردار است و سرمایه گذاری در این حوزه می تواند با سوددهی بسیاری همراه باشد. این در حالی است که پرچمداری صنعت مس کشور در دست شرکت ملی مس ایران است و بخش خصوصی در سال های اخیر تلاش کرده تا با حضوری بیشتری در این عرصه میزان بهره برداری از ذخایر مس کشور را افزایش دهد.
این در حالی است که ایران برروی کمربند مس- طلا قرار دارد و دارای ظرفیت های بسیاری در این حوزه است که با کمی برنامه ریزی و سرمایه گذاری می تواند از فرصت پیش رو بیشتری بهره برداری را داشته باشد. در همین زمینه شرکت تجلی از زیرمجموعه های شرکت توسعه معادن وفلزات (ومعادن) برای بهره برداری از ذخایر مس جانجا در شرق کشور وارد میدان شد.
بهره برداری از معدن جانجا با تشکیل کنسرسیوم با حضور ومعادن، گل گهر، چادرملو، گهر زمین، توسعه صنایع و معادن غدیر و شرکت تجلی در دستور کار قرار گرفت. اما آن طور که پیداست رهبری اصلی این پروژه در دست تجلی است و این مجموعه توانست براساس زمان بندی صورت گرفته اقدامات لازم را پیش ببرد.
این معدن دارای بیش از 100 میلیون تن ذخیره قطعی است که بهره برداری از آن علاوه بر نقش آفرینی پررنگ می تواند در توسعه اجتماعی و اقتصادی منطقه نیز بسیار موثر باشد. بهره برداری از این معدن منجر به اشتغالزایی در شرق کشور خواهد شد.
تجلی در تلاش است تا بهره برداری از این پروژه در زمان مشخص انجام شود، اما حال این طور که آمارها نشان می دهد، می تواند بهره برداری از فاز نخست و تولید کنسانتره زودتر از زمان پیش بینی شده انجام شود.
این پروژه در مرحله اول 3 فاز معدنکاری و باطلهبرداری دارد که فاز اول آن 20میلیون تن است، البته تجلی در مزایده فاز نخست برنده و 40 درصد از کار را از آن خود کرده است. در ادامه و درفازهای 2 و 3 میزان باطله برداری تا حدود 60-70میلیون تن خواهد رسید.
سهم 40 درصدی تجلی در این فاز به معنای درآمدزایی این شرکت از حضور در فاز باطله برداری است. طبق زمانبندی مشخص شده، بهره برداری کامل از جانجا در 1406 انجام می شود اما تجلی اعلام کرده است هر زمان به ماده معدنی دست پیدا کند آماده تولید کنسانتره خواهد بود.
این موضوع بدان معنا است که تجلی آماده راه اندازی واحد کنسانتره سازی است و می تواند زودتر از 1406 کار را در مرحله تولید آغاز کند. تجلی به سهامداران خود ثابت کرده است که سنجیده و کارشناسی شده وارد پروژه ها و سرمایه گذاری می شود و این موضوع می تواند وزنه تجلی را در بین سایر فعالان بخش خصوصی سنگین تر کند. همانطور که اگر نگاهی به پروژه های مهم داشته باشیم خواهیم دید تجلی در بیشتر پروژه ها حضور داشته و سرمایه گذاری کرده است.
حال ذخایر مس شرق کشور به همت تجلی به بهره برداری می رسد و می تواند جایگاه ایران در میزان ذخایر و تولید مس را تغییر دهد. از سویی دیگر فعالیت های این شرکت می تواند بر میزان ضایت سهامداران بیافزاید و به روند تامین سرمایه برای سایر طرح ها نیزسرعت دهد.<|endoftext|>Oyun oynamak için Adobe Flash Player yazılımını kurman gerekiyor Wave Jumper. Flash Player'ı şimdi indir.
Oyun oynamak için Adobe Flash Player yazılımının güncellenmiş sürümünü kurman gerekiyor Wave Jumper. Flash Player'ı şimdi indir.
Sevdiğin oyunları arkadaşlarınla paylaş!
Derecelendirmeni arkadaşlarınla paylaş!
Reklam Geri bildirim
Pick your Super Soccer Noggin and Lead them to victory in various wacky tournaments!
Dalga üzerinde zıplayan kahramanınızın olabildiğince çok uçması için yüksekliği ve hızı ayarlayın!<|endoftext|>FX:USDCAD ABD Doları / Kanada Doları
İşlem aktif
Yorum: 1,32390da işlemi erken kapatıyorum bol kazanclar. 360 pips kar.
İşlem elle kapatılmış
Yorum: güncelleme
İşlem kapandı: hedefe ulaştı
Feragatname
Bilgiler ve yayınlar, TradingView tarafından sağlanan veya onaylanan finansal, yatırım, işlem veya diğer türden tavsiye veya tavsiyeler anlamına gelmez ve teşkil etmez. Kullanım Şartları'nda daha fazlasını okuyun.<|endoftext|>Rusya S-550 sistemini hizmete aldı
Rusya'nın yeni S-550 hava savunma sistemi, devlet testlerini geçmesinin ardından hizmete alındı.
Rusya'nın ilk S-550 sistemi devlet görevine başladı.
TASS sitesinde yer alan habere göre Rusya Savunma Bakanlığı'ndan bir kaynak, sistemin devlet testlerini geçmesinin ardından göreve başladığını duyurdu.
Kaynak, sistemin binlerce kilometre mesafedeki hipersonik füzeleri vurabildiğini vurguladı ve "eşsiz" bir sistem olduğunu aktardı.
Ayrıca yeni sistemin, Rusya'nın Pantsir sistemleri (alçak irtifa), uzun menzilli S-350, S-400 ve S-500 sistemleri ve S-550'den (uzayda) oluşan kapsamlı füze ve hava savunmasının bir parçası haline geldiğini de sözlerine ekledi.<|endoftext|>L'ex marito di Marina Ovsyannikova, giornalista russa, le ha fatto causa per ottenere la custodia dei figli di 17 e 11 anni.
Marina Ovsyannikova, giornalista russa che ha fatto irruzione durante il tg del Canale Uno per denunciare la guerra di Putin, è stata denunciata dall’ex marito per ottenere la custodia dei figli di 17 e 11 anni.
La giornalista russa Marina Ovsyannikova denunciata dall’ex marito per la custodia dei figli
Marina Ovsyannikova, il 14 marzo, ha fatto irruzione durante il tg del Canale Uno per denunciare la guerra di Putin. Si è presentata con un cartello con la scritta “No War” e da quel momento tutta la sua vita è cambiata. Ora si torna a parlare di lei a causa di una vicenda che riguarda la sua vita privata. L’ex marito, dipendente della tv di stato Russia Today, le ha fatto causa per ottenere la custodia dei figli, di 17 e 11 anni.
Lo ha annunciato la stessa giornalista, in un’intervista rilasciata al sito russo Holod.
La nuova vita di Marina Ovsyannikova
Marina Ovsyannikova oggi vive e lavora in Germania, dove è stata assunta come corrispondente dal quotidiano Die Welt. Dopo la protesta era stata fermata dalle forze dell’ordine e poi rilasciata dopo il pagamento di una multa di 30 mila rubli, ovvero 250 euro. La donna non vuole tornare in Russia fino a quando Putin resterà al potere.
Nell’intervista ha spiegato che l’ex marito non consente ai figli di uscire dal Paese per vederla. Il figlio maggiore è “un forte sostenitore della guerra in Ucraina e la considera una traditrice“.<|endoftext|>Webinar September 13th: Watch Live or at Your Convenience!
Disorganization, irritability, intense moods,
|
8,549 | 5 | 0 |
并进行性退化"，与客户沟通，予以50%比例给付。
三、被保险人投保前无腰椎间盘突出症类似疾病的发作治疗，本次辅助检查也未发现骨质增生等异常，则可认定外因占主导因素，可以按意外事故处理。案例三中被保险人万某即为明显的意外伤害，诊断为"1.急性腰扭伤；2.腰部皮肤擦伤"，则按意外100%赔付。
从以上案例我们还可以看出，腰椎间盘突出症发生的机率与人的自然年龄是呈正比的。所以，我们基本可以认为，被保险人意外腰扭伤并存腰椎间盘突出症案例遵循着这样一个规律：被保险人为年轻人，意外因素通常为100%原因;被保险人为中年人，意外因素通常为比例原因;被保险人年龄稍长，疾病因素通常为100%原因，当然这仅是一种简易的理赔审核方法，具体还要结合案例及客户接受程度最终确定给付比例。
综合以上三宗案例的理论分析，希望对广大业界理赔人士受理意外腰扭伤并存腰椎间盘突出症理赔案件起到一定的指导及帮助。<|endoftext|>Speech & Language Therapy
The Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) working at Warnbro CHS Education Support Centre is part of the educational team and provides support to students with special needs in language, speech, fluency, literacy, and Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC). The overall aim of speech-language therapy is to help the school meet the educational and communicative needs of students.
The SLP has specialist knowledge related to:
- speech sound production
- phonological awareness
- understanding language
- using words and sentences to convey ideas
- how language is used as a tool to interact socially with others
The SLP works within the educational team to:
- identify students with special needs in communication
- determine the educational needs of these students
- develop appropriate educational programs for these students
The SLP provides one-on-one and group therapy in the areas of speech and language, such as social skills, to those students requiring targeted assistance in these areas.<|endoftext|>Main Beliefs and Practices of Hinduism
||Introduction || The Vedas || Multiple paths || Brahman, the Supreme God of gods || Atman, the individual Self ||Prakriti, Nature ||Many gods and goddesses || Sacrifice || Mantras ||Dharma ||The Purusharthas || Varnashramadharma ||Worship || Creation ||Complex Cosmology || Karma || Maya || Rebirth or Reincarnation || Moksha, liberation || Avatar, Incarnation || Charity ||Associated Beliefs
Hinduism does not truly fit into the western notion of a religion. It has many beliefs and practices, some of which date back to prehistoric times. It is a complex belief system with an amalgamation of numerous faiths, beliefs and practices. Hence, it defies a definition that can truly reflect its essence and character. Hinduism is also the oldest living tradition and contains in itself the beliefs and practices of numerous lost or forgotten traditions and belief systems, which makes it even more difficult for the historians to trace its origins. Since God is considered to be the main source of its knowledge, beliefs and practices, Hinduism is also known as Sanatana Dharma (Eternal Dharma).
Although Hinduism originated in the Indian subcontinent, many races, communities and ethnic groups contributed to its beliefs and practices and thereby to its development. Hence, it is considered a composite religion, consisting of several sects and schools of philosophy each with a long history of at least a few thousand years. It also has a close affinity with other religions of Indian origin, namely Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism and shares with them many common beliefs and practices.
Because of its long history, Hinduism has many unique beliefs and features, which make it appealing to a wide section of people. Today Hinduism is practiced all over the world. It is mostly predominant in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Fiji, Mauritius, the West Indies, and South Africa. In recent times, many Hindus migrated to Europe and North America, where Hinduism has gained popularity not only with people of Indian origin but also with many educated people from other cultures.
The following is a brief summary of the main beliefs and practices of Hinduism in a nutshell. Readers are requested to note that since Hinduism is a complex religion and this being a condensed presentation of its essential features, there can be exceptions to what you may find here in some sects, schools and sub sects.
In Hinduism the Vedas are considered inviolable and indisputable because they are the heard ones (shruti) and not man-made (apaurusheya). Veda means sacred knowledge which is believed to exist eternally in the world of Brahman and revealed at the beginning of each cycle of creation in the worlds of gods, humans, and demons by Brahma, their creator, to help them perform their Dharma, or duties and sacrifices. The Vedas were originally three, but subsequently the fourth one was added. The four Vedas in the order of their composition are the Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda. The Rigveda contains prayer chants (riks). The Samaveda contains, hymns (Samans), which can be sung loudly. The Yajurveda contains sacrificial formulas (yajus), and the Atharvaveda mostly contains charms to cast spells or achieve particular ends. The hymns of the Vedas are used in sacrificial rituals and ceremonies to invoke various Vedic gods and obtain their help for peace and prosperity or to overcome problems. The Vedas are very large texts containing thousands of hymns, and each hymn contains numerous verses. Each Veda is primarily divided into two parts, the Samhita and the Brahmana. The former contains hymns, and the latter verses in prose to deal with the ritual and philosophical aspects of various beliefs and practices of the faith. The second part is further divided into, the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas, and the Upanishads. Each Veda contains one or more Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads. The Aranyakas deal with advanced ritual knowledge, while the Upanishads deal with various aspects of liberation, Brahman, Atman, creation, rebirth, realities, modes, aspects of Nature, and spiritual practice. In Hinduism the Vedas are used as the standard to validate philosophical truths and arguments. Any opinion, philosophy, or metaphysical assertion becomes vindicated if it finds an approval in the Vedas. However, although the Vedas are central to Hinduism, currently their importance is limited to the Upanishads and a few ritual and spiritual practices. The Upanishads are the heart of Hinduism. They form the basis of almost every Hindu sect, school of philosophy, and teacher tradition.
Hinduism differs from all other world religions because it is a pluralistic religion and accommodates divergent beliefs, paths and practices. Hindus firmly believe that the paths to God and liberation are numerous and all paths lead to him only. Some may be circuitous and take time, but their final destination is Brahman only. According to the Bhagavadgita, a person's faith is according to his nature. In whatever form he worships God or gods, in that form God stabilizes his faith. People worship God or gods for numerous reasons, to fulfill their worldly desires, resolve their suffering, out of sheer curiosity, or to achieve liberation. Because of ignorance or desires, some may not even consider their liberation a priority. A person's spiritual and material destiny are determined by his past karma, his essential nature, desires and attachments. Human beings are deluded by nature, and hence it is natural for them to lack discretion, make wrong decisions and remain bound to the mortal world. A wise teacher may take pity on them and teach them the right knowledge, but neither he nor anyone else should confuse them with the knowledge which they cannot understand. The Bhagavadgita states that one's dharma, however inferior may be, is better than the dharma of another, however superior it may be. It is imperative for the order and regularity of the world that each individual should stick to his or her set of duties and religious practices, and does not change them because they find them unpleasant, inferior or difficult. The two ideas seem contradictory. However, what it means is that you cannot abandon your moral duties and worldly obligations that come to you by birth, profession, gender or status, but you have the freedom to choose your path and methods of devotional worship for your liberation and spiritual wellbeing.
Critics of Hinduism try to undermine its importance by arguing that it is not a monotheistic religion. It is untrue because Hinduism recognizes a universal, supreme God as the source of all creation. Undoubtedly, it is the oldest of all the current religions, which worship a creator God. In Hinduism, the highest God is Brahman, who is also described variously as Supreme Self, Iswara, Purusha, Parameswara, Narayana, Mahadeva, etc. He is both existence and non-existence, being and nonbeing, visible and invisible, one and many, creator and the created. He is described in the scriptures as eternal, indestructible, immeasurable, infinite, supreme, pure, absolute, support of all, pervader of all, lord, enjoyer, witness, etc. According to the Vedas, he creates all the worlds and beings for his enjoyment and subjects them to the modifications of Nature, duality, diversity, objectivity, delusion, egoism, and ignorance of their own divine nature. For the order and regularity of the worlds, he also shares or delegates all his duties to the beings of different worlds according to their nature and responsibilities. Human beings are therefore expected to perform God's duties of creation, preservation and destruction to ensure the order and regularity of the worlds. According to the Vedas, the one God becomes many. He becomes 3, 33,333, 3333, and so on. His highest aspects are Isvara (God), Hiranyagarbha (Soul), and Viraj (the body or the objective reality). Another important manifestation of him is Time or Death (kala), the lord who rules the objective world and devours everything as his food. Isvara in turn manifests as Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, who are known as Trimurthis, to perform the duties of the creator, the preserver and the destroyer respectively. The entire creation of Brahman constitutes a little part (amsa) of his infinite dimensions and absolute reality.
Unlike Buddhism, Hinduism believes in the eternal Self as the inmost Self (atman) of all beings. The individual Self is a microcosmic aspect of Brahman only. It is described as eternal, indestructible, unchanging, blissful, alone, transcendental, pure, intelligence, consciousness, etc. It is unreachable by the mind or the senses, but because of it alone they work. The early Upanishads identified it with breath, and hence the name Atman really means the breathing one. Although the Self is pure and infinite, when it is embodied in the mortal beings, it remains covered by the realities (tattvas) and modes (gunas) of Nature and bound to the mind and the body. It is called the samasara, or bondage to the cycle of births and deaths, which continues until it achieves liberation. The Upanishads state that the Self resides in the body in three locations, the eyes, the heart, and the mind. It is also described as the enjoyer and the Witness consciousness. The school of non-dualism holds that the individual souls are mere projections and not real. Only Brahman is real. Hence, when a person is liberated, he ceases to exist both as a being and as a soul, and merges into Brahman. According to some schools of Hinduism, the souls are of three types, the bound ones, the liberated ones, and the forever free ones. The liberated souls and the forever free souls eternally exist in the world of Brahman and remain so even when the worlds are dissolved at the end of each creation cycle.
Some people mistakenly regard Hinduism as a naturalistic religion, or animism, which is not true. Hindus worship Nature as an aspect or force of God. In Hinduism, Nature represents the universal femininity. It is called Prakriti, the primordial Nature, who represents the materiality of all existence. The energy or shakti in her subtle form, she is both manifested and unmanifested. Acting as the dynamic force of God, she manifests his Will and creates the diversity that we find in the existence, using a set of realities that are known as tattvas and three universal qualities or modes called gunas. In Hinduism she goes by many names and has both pleasant and fierce forms, just as Nature has on earth. Everything that you touch, feel, and experience in you and in the objective world is Nature. She represents your very being, name and form. The whole body and mind of all beings are but aspects of Nature in the microcosm. As the primordial Nature, she is eternal and indestructible, while her forms and creations are destructible, changeable and divisible. The dynamism and the drama of the universe are caused by Nature only for the enjoyment of the Self, which remains passive. Thus, she responsible for the beingness of the beings, their desires, attachments, duality, delusion, confusion, modifications, suffering, attraction and aversion, and bondage to the cycle of births and deaths. However, she is also the transformative and purifying power on the path of liberation. She can be loving, uplifting, nurturing, supporting, caring, and purifying to those who worship her and seek her help and protection. Followers of Tantra and Shakti regard Prakriti as the highest and the ultimate reality, and worship her as the Supreme Being.
There is no religion in the world which is as colorful and vibrant as Hinduism, with its pantheon of gods and goddesses and the vision of a hierarchical universe, ruled by numerous deities who derive their power and authority from the highest, supreme Brahman. Hindus not only worship the Supreme Self and Shakti, but also numerous male and female deities, who are considered aspects of Purusha and Prakriti only. However, they are not mere functional aspects or symbolic concepts, but actual beings who play a vital role in ensuring the order and regularity of the worlds. They live in their own spheres, in the company of their associate gods and devotees, and participate in the creation, preservation and destruction of the worlds and beings as part of their obligatory duties. Since each has a specific role and duty and occupies a certain place of importance in the hierarchy of gods, the worlds cannot exist without them. Each deity is a combination of Purusha and Prakriti, and in their purest and supreme aspect is but Brahman only. Each god has one or more female deities acting as their consorts and providing him with dynamic force. Most of the male and female deities are worshipped not only in their individual aspects but also in their universal aspect as Brahman or Shakti or both. It is in this regard that Hinduism fundamentally differs from the western notions of polytheism. Hinduism accepts the diversity of creation as a fundamental reality of existence, and accepts a vast hierarchy of gods as part of that diversity. It is the same Purusha (Cosmic Being) manifesting numerously to enact the sacrifice of creation in which he is the worshipper, the offering and the one who is worshipped. The most popular gods of Hinduism include Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma, Saraswathi, Lakshmi, Parvathi, Durga, Kali, Rama, Krishna, Venkateswara, Ganesha, Hanuman, and Kumaraswami, and their local versions, aspects, emanations, and manifestations.
The idea of sacrifice is central to both Hindu ritual practices and spiritual philosophy. Sacrifice is the cause and the basis of life, and sacrifice is also the ultimate purpose of life. A person comes into existence because of a sacrifice in which a father pours his water into the female sexual organ as an offering, which results in the formation of an embryo in her womb as the fruit of that sacrifice. Once a person is born, his life become a continuous sacrifice in which his actions become the offering and karma its fruit. At the time of death, the person's body is again offered in a final sacrifice as the offering, and the fruit of that offering is the afterlife in the ancestral world or the immortal world. Thus, one of the distinguishing features of Hinduism is its emphasis upon sacrifice as the source of life, the way of life and the purpose of life. It recognizes rituals and sacrificial offerings as part of a human being's obligatory duty to maintain the order and regularity of the world. Creation also is envisaged in Hinduism as the sacrifice of God, in which he becomes both the sacrificer and the sacrificed. The outcome of that sacrifice is existence and manifestation of all worlds and beings. Meditation, austerities, yoga and other spiritual practices are considered internal sacrifices, in which the body is considered the sacrificial pit, breath is regarded as the offering, and liberation as the outcome. The worlds exist because of sacrifice. Each living being is a sacrificer in the sacrifice of life, in which the embodied self (jivatma) is the sacrificer, the body is the sacrificial pit, the actions and their consequences are the offering, and God is their final recipient. Since life is a sacrifice, you must be careful about what you claim as yours. If you enjoy the fruit of your sacrifice instead of offering it to God, you become responsible for them and suffer from their consequences. Thus, the model of sacrifice forms the basis of Hinduism and its essential concepts of karma, rebirth, and suffering. Devout Hindus are expected to perform daily sacrifices to nourish gods, ancestors, animals, spiritual people, etc. Apart from it, there are rituals that are performed on a weekly, fortnightly, monthly or annual basis. Some rituals and festival like Kumbh or Mahakumbh repeat once in several years or a century. The purpose of the rituals is to nourish gods, ancestors, and ascetic people who cannot make food for themselves and in return seek their blessings for the welfare of the world, peace and prosperity.
A mantra is a sacred prayer, hymn, or word from the sacred texts used in ritual and domestic worship to communicate or consecrate a deity, cast spells and charms, or seek protection against them. Literally, a mantra means that which you release with the power of your mind. Each mantra has a presiding deity, from which the mantra receives its potency and the power to manifest or fulfill the desires and wishes of the worshippers. A mantra's power depends upon how it is used, by whom it is used, and for what ends. For maximum efficacy, it must be used with utmost purity and chanted correctly with right intentions. Since mantras can be used for positive or negative purposes, they are meant to be revealed only to the qualified ones. The mantra tradition is very peculiar to Hinduism, with a history which is as old as the Vedas themselves. The Vedas are books of sacred hymns, mantras, spells, and incantations to propitiate gods for peace and prosperity. They rely upon the power of the sounds, speech, and mind
|
8,549 | 5 | 1 |
. Yirmi beş yaşında bakufu deniz savunma bakanlığına gönderildi. Hollanda kültürünü bilen Katz, Asya'da neler olduğunu iyi anladı. Pek çok genç ondan öğrendi - ve sadece bakufu yetkililerinin çocukları değil, aynı zamanda en azından Japonya'daki büyük dünya hakkında bir şeyler öğrenmek isteyen illerin sakinleri.
Amerikan savaş gemisi. Japon çizimi
1860 yılında, Katsu Pasifik Okyanusu'nu ABD'nin bir ticaret anlaşması yapması için bağlanan Japon Canrin Maru'da geçti. 1862'de Sakamoto Ryoma Katsu ile tanıştığında denizcilikle uğraştı filo bakufu'ya.
Uzun bir sohbetten sonra, Ryoma da bir Katsu öğrencisi olmaya karar verdi. Katzu, günlüğünde şöyle yazdı: “Sakamoto, bir kılıç kuyruğu olan arkadaşı Tiba Sutaro ile evime geldi. Akşamın erken saatlerinden gece yarısına kadar onlarla, dünyaya yeni bir açıdan bakmamızın nedenleri, Japonya'yı sömürgecilerden korumak için yeni bir filo oluşturma ihtiyacı hakkında konuştum. [Ryoma] beni öldürmek istediğini itiraf etti, ancak dersimden sonra Japonya’nın Asya’daki konumunu hayal edemediğini fark ederek cehaletinden utandı ve öğrencim olacağını açıkladı. Ve sonra filo oluşturmak için her türlü çabayı gösterecektir ... Toplantıdan sonra, Ryoma arkadaşına benimle hesaplaşmaya geldiğini söyledi. Sadece güldüm. Onurlu değil ve sonunda iyi bir insan olduğunu gösterdi. ”
Kobe'deki donanma için öğrenci eğitim merkezinin girişinde.
Eskiden, Tsukiji'deki deniz okulu yalnızca bakufu'ya hizmet edecek olanlara açıktı, ancak Kaishu, özellikle yetenekli il gençleri için, Kobe'de yeni bir deniz subayı okulu açmaya karar verdi. Kaisa bakufu, etkili daimyo ve mahkeme aristokratları için böyle bir danışmanlar okulunun kurulması gerektiğine ikna oldu.
Her teklifin destekçileri ve sınırların açılması karşıtları arasındaki çatışmaların bir başka nedeni haline gelmesi nedeniyle anlaşma yapmak zordu. Kaisa Kyoto'dayken bazı samuraylar ona saldırdı, ama koruması onun efendisini kurtardı. Yeni deniz okulu için savaşmaya devam eden Kaisyu, tüfeği Tokugawa Iemoti'yi kendi buhar gemisine binmeye davet etti. Bu gemide, Kobe'de bir deniz okulu oluşturma izni aldı.
Tabii ki, bu okula ilk girenlerden biri Sakamoto Ryoma idi. Kaisa sadece bu durumdan memnun kaldı çünkü Ryoma öğrencilerin moralini yükseltebildi. Bakuku'nun maddi desteği okulun ihtiyaçları için yeterli değildi ve Ryoma arkadaşı Daimyo Echiten'e gitti ve okula para yatırmasını istedi. Ryoma kısa bir süre sonra Kaisa'nın müritlerinin lideri oldu.
Yabancı gemiler, Shimonoseki'deki 1863'ta Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Fransa ve Hollanda gemilerine ateş eden Choshu'dan inatçı milliyetçiler tarafından misillemeyle tehdit edildiğinde, Bakuf danışmanı Katsu Kaisu'ya konuyu yabancı güçlerin temsilcileriyle müzakere etmeleri ve çözmeleri için emretti. Ryoma ve diğer öğrencilerle birlikte, Katsu Nagasaki'ye gitti ve anlaşmazlığı barış içinde çözmeyi ümit ederek yabancılarla bir görüşmeye girdi, ancak bu görüşmeler bir anlaşmaya yol açmadı, ancak iki ay daha eylemleri ertelemek mümkündü. Ryoma onunla Edo'ya geri dönmedi, ancak ikinci hocası Yokoi Shonan'ı Kumamoto'da ziyaret etti.
Shonan, Kumamoto'daki düşük dereceli bir samuray ailesinden geldi. Fikirleri için “Samuray olmayan bir yaklaşım” ile suçlandı ve evine geri dönmek zorunda kaldı. Syonan Ryoma'yı ziyaret etmek, Thyushu'nun yabancı filosunun insafına Bakufu'ya atıldığından şikayet etti, ancak buna karşılık olarak sabırlı olmasını ve isyan etmemesini, temkinli davranmasını tavsiye etti. “Kıvrılan şey düzelebilir” dedi. “Kıvrılmayan er ya da geç kırılıyor!”
Bu arada, Tosa ve Taoshu’daki yabancıları kovma fikrinin destekçileri, Kyoto’daki bakufu destekçilerinin gözünü korkutmak için teröre başvurdu. Birer birer bakufu destekçisi olanlar öldürüldü; Bakufu polisi misilleme yaptı ve yakında Kyoto'nun her yerine kan aktı.
Satsuma'dan Mon Shimazu. Ama bu bir haç değil, ama ... biraz!
Bir yıl önce, bakufu sadık bir vassalı olan Satsuma'dan Shimazu Hisamitsu, Tosu'da ortaya çıkan bakufa karşı hareketine karşı düşmanlığını gizlemedi. Hükümeti yeniden düzenlemeye çalıştı ve hatta bir shogun’un danışmanı olarak bile önerildi. Ancak reformlar reformlardır ve kibir kibirdir. Sonuç olarak, Bakufu, Satamuma'ya geri dönmesi gerektiğinde Hisamitsu'ya bir devlet gemisi sağlamayı reddetti.
Bu nedenle kara yoluyla eve gitmek zorunda kaldı ve bu gezi sırasında entourajlarından biri Namamugi’deki İngiliz Charles Richardson’u öldürdü çünkü yabancı, saygı göstermedi ve kenara çekilmedi ve Hisamitsu’nun geçmesine izin verdi.
Bu olay İngilizler arasında bir öfke fırtınasına neden oldu. Satsuma Körfezi'nde, sorumluların tazminatını ve cezalarını talep ettiler. Lord Satsuma reddetti, ancak İngiliz savaş gemileri Kagoshima şehrini bombalamaya başladığından beri çok pişman oldu. Müzakereler sırasında Satsuma, yabancıların taleplerini yerine getirmeyi kabul etti. Olaydan sonra İngilizler ile Shimazu arasında dostane ilişkiler kuruldu. Bu, Japonya'da kimseyi şaşırtmadı: ülke tarihi boyunca, eski düşmanlarıyla birleşmiş, kendilerine güçlerini ve güçlerini kanıtlayan sayısız daimyo ve hiç kimse bunun tuhaf olduğunu düşünmedi! Lord Satsuma başkasının gücünü nasıl tanıyacağını biliyordu ve İngilizlerin birliklerini modernize etmelerine yardım etti! Eh, ve İngilizler, hiçbir şekilde, hiçbir zaman nazik bir kalple gitmedi. Böylece, bakufu çevresinde gittikçe daha kalabalık olan Fransızların etkisini baltalamak istediler.
Temmuz ayında, Choshu'lu aşırılık yanlısı olan 1863, bir grup synsengumi - bakufu polisi tarafından saldırıya uğradı; Bu Kyoto'daki Ikedai hanında oldu. Polisin başı Kondo Isami, dört Kılıçlı ile Choshu ve Tosa'dan tecrit destekçileri tarafından gizli toplantının yapıldığı odaya girdi ve beş kişiyi öldürdü. Savaşçıların geri kalanı onu dışarıda bekliyordu ve on bir kişiyi daha öldürdü, bu yüzden sadece birkaçı kaçmayı başardı. Ikedai'deki dava sadece Choshu'daki joi üyelerini iltihapladı; silahlı bir dekolte topladılar ve 1864'in başlangıcında, imparatorun onu yakalamak için Kyoto'daki ikametine yaklaştı.
Shimonoseki'deki silahların kıyı bataryaları.
Han Aizu’nun savaşçıları, Satsuma’nın çıkarılması yardımı ile, saldırganların saldırılarını emperyal sarayın kapısındaki saldırılara karşı durdurdu. Bu bölüm bakufu'yu, Hanlar Tosa ve Satsuma'nın imparator Ko-mei üzerindeki etkisi hakkında düşündürdü. Shogun Iemoti, güçlü daimyo Choshu ve Satsuma'nın oyunundan en etkili şekilde ayrılmasını düşündü, böylece bakufuya karşı birleşemezlerdi.
Japon tahtadan aletler. Evet, böyle vardı!
Bu arada, Ağustos ayında, 1863, İngiliz gemileri Satsuma'nın başkenti Kagoshima'yı bombaladı, çünkü bir İngiliz tüccarının cinayeti için tazminat ödenmesi sona erdi. Bu, sivil nüfus arasında büyük zayiatlara neden oldu; çünkü yangın, ahşap ve kağıttan yapılmış ev bloklarıyla deniz silahlarından ateşlendi. İmparator Komei, Choshu hanının cezalandırılmasını emretti, ancak önce dört devletin gemileri Kan-mon Boğazı'nda askeri operasyonlara başladı ve Shimonoseki'deki Choshu kıyı kabuğunu bombalamaya başladı. Gemilerin ağır ateş altında kalmaları tek tek susturuldu, İngiliz denizciler savunucularını silahlarından ya da tutsaklarından vurdular.
Shimonoseki sahil bataryaları Avrupa gemilerine ateş ediyor. Shimonoseki'deki şehir müzesinin koleksiyonundan.
Avrupa uluslararası filosu (Danimarka, Fransa, İngiltere ve ABD) Shimonoseki'yi bombaladı. Jacob Edward van Hemskerk van Best tarafından resim.
Tokugawa Yoshikatsu liderliğindeki cezalandırıcı bir bakufu mührü Eylül ayında Osaka'dan Choshu'ya gitti. Bundan kısa bir süre önce, Ağustos ayında, Katsu Kaishu, Sakamoto Ryoma'ya Khan Satsuma'dan gelen bu cezai müfrezenin kıdemli memurlarından birini ziyaret etmesini ve onunla konuşmasını emretti.
Devam edecek ...<|endoftext|>January 2018 was a month of extremes. Not only was it by far the warmest January on record across the Western Alps, but also one of the wettest in systematic weather measurements, with widespread landslides at low elevations and massive snowfall in mountains.
The weather of January 2018 was unusual, freakish in fact, at the upper extreme of the historical distribution of storminess, temperatures and precipitation in the Western Alps – breaking many weather records. Not only was January 2018 unprecedentedly warm, but also was it extremely wet and with unusual snowfall at higher elevations. As Regional Climate Models do not only predict substantial warming in the European Alps but also a slight increase in precipitation totals, we hypothesize that the extreme weather conditions observed during January 2018 and its ensuing impacts could yield valuable insights into typical winter conditions to be expected by the end of the 21st century.
At higher elevations, the January 2018 calamities started with the passage of winter storm Burglind (Eleanor) and new all-time wind gust records on summits as well as hefty snowfall in the Northern French and Western Swiss Alps. During the first three weeks of January, subsequent, stormy low-pressure systems transported further warm-wet air masses from the Atlantic and the Mediterranean to the Alps, leaving snow accumulations exceeding five meters (and even eight meters in regions affected by massive snowdrift, like Grand St. Bernard; Fig. 1b). These immense snow burdens pushed avalanche risk to extreme levels in the Alps, threatening many villages and communication routes, and leaving thousands of tourists stranded in mountain resorts. Indeed, several of the major ski destinations of the Alps, including Chamonix, Saas Fee, Val d’Isère, or Zermatt, had to shut their ski runs and to put helicopter shuttles in place to evacuate tourists from resorts during the major snowfall episodes.
Local residents and authorities were, however, not equally well prepared for the widespread, shallow landsliding, debris flows and rain-on-snow floods in smaller, low-elevation catchments in January 2018. This can at least in part be credited to a lack of experience with comparable events during other winter seasons, for which there is virtually no historical evidence of rainfall-induced mass movements, despite scientific surmise that ongoing climate warming could indeed promote landslides and debris flows, even at higher elevations and in winter.
For further information, read the paper entitled Future winters glimpsed in the Alps.<|endoftext|>A new gallery has opened at the Science Museum that seeks to dispel some of the myths about engineers and encourage people to consider being an inventor as a career.
There is a recognised problem with engineering today in that it’s very hard for a young person to see it in action around them. In the past, machines were big and their actions were visible. They were functional and you could be fascinated by how they function.
Thankfully, machines and tools are now much smaller and more powerful, but how does someone get excited about a small block of plastic with a screen compared to say a mechanical engine?
To address that issue, there’s a new exhibition at the Science Museum that looks at how engineers can and are changing the world around us.
The new gallery replaces the old Engineer Your Future space which closed earlier this year, and is more about trying to tell the story of why a career as an engineer could be interesting.
As such, it’s been filled with personal stories and large photos of engineers looking very different from the classic stereotype of a man in a white coat.
That focus does mean that it’s a bit light on objects, and while some screens provide a bit of interactivity, I personally would have liked to see a bit more of what is missing from modern engineering — the ability to touch mechanical machines. It was fiddling with things, and breaking them, that got me interested as a kid, and that’s the bit that’s so often missing today.
What the exhibition is good at though is taking a few choice developments and showing how the people involved got involved and why their invention matters.
From early accurate clock timers to be put into satellites for GPS to work to robotics to the Covid vaccine — it’s very much about the likely careers that a future engineer could look forward to.
It’s much more an exhibition to motivate a young mind, so you need to spend time reading the many text descriptions to see which sparks someone’s imagination that they could possibly do that themselves.<|endoftext|>Via Crucis di Laghel
Indice
La nuova Via Crucis[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Con il tempo i capitelli della Via Crucis andarono in rovina finché verso la fine del XIX secolo si costituì una commissione per la realizzazione di una nuova Via Crucis nella valletta che porta alla Madonna di Laghel. L'ingegnere Angelo de Negri realizzò il progetto dei 13 capitelli che partono dalla Villa Rosa fino al santuario nella valle ricca di ulivi. Venne incaricato lo scultore gardenese Giuseppe Moroder-Lusenberg ad eseguire i tredici rilievi delle stazioni in legno e dipinti da lui stesso e il corpo di Cristo in grandezza naturale per la 14ª stazione nell'atrio della chiesa di Laghel. Il prezzo pattuito era di 700 fiorini. La installazione dei rilievi avviene in corso di una grande festa il giorno di San Giuseppe del 1896. Al canto dello Stabat Mater vennero inseriti i 13 pannelli di cirmolo raffiguranti la passione di Cristo in rilievo, passando da un capitello all'altro sotto la supervisione dello stesso scultore Moroder.
Nel 1943 e nel 1976 furono eseguiti restauri della Via Crucis.
Galleria d'immagini[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Bibliografia[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
- Dr. Chini Arciprete Il Santuario della Madonna in Laghel presso Arco e la sua Via Crucis. I. e R. Tipografia di Corte di C. Emmert, Arco 1896.
Voci correlate[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Altri progetti[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Altri progetti
Collegamenti esterni[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
- Guida alla città di Arco, su arco.org.<|endoftext|>به گزارش نوبر خبر؛ تیم تراکتور بعد از چند سال دوری از آسیا، با قهرمانی در جام حذفی ایران ۹۹-۹۸ جواز حضور در رقابت های لیگ قهرمانان آسیا ۲۰۲۱-۲۰۲۰ را به دست آورد. این تیم در حالی به آسیا بازگشت که در آخرین حضور خود در این رقابت ها، عملکرد بسیار بدی را به جای گذاشته بود.
این تیم در سال ۲۰۱۸ با الاهلی عربستان، الجزیره امارات و الغرافه قطر همگروه بود و با ۲ مساوی و ۴ باخت و بدون کسب حتی یک پیروزی، ۲ امتیازی شده و با تفاضل گل ۸- در گروه خود آخر شد. این بدترین عملکرد تراکتور در ادوار مختلف لیگ قهرمانان آسیا بود که همراه شد با یک غیبت چند ساله. تراکتور در بازگشت دوباره به لیگ قهرمانان، در شرایطی دور رفت را به پایان رساند که هیچ بردی کسب نکرد.
تراکتور در این دیدار که روز چهارم خرداد ماه سال ۱۳۹۵ برگزار شد با نتیجه سه بر یک النصر امارات را شکست داد اما با توجه به شکست چهار بر یک در بازی رفت، از صعود به مرحله یک چهارم نهایی بازماند؛ این برد بی اثر طلسمی نحس برای تراکتور به همراه داشت که امشب بعد از ۵ سال بی اثر شد.
با توجه به اینکه سرخ پوشان فوتبال آذربایجان آخرین حضور آسیایی شان پیش از این دوره را نیز بدون برد به پایان رسانده بودند، شاهد سنگین تر شدن طلسم نبردن های آنها بودیم تا اینکه شاگردان خطیبی امشب در چهارمین بازی خود در دور گروهی موفق شدند نیروی هوایی عراق را با نتیجه یک بر صفر شکست دهد.
به این ترتیب تراکتور بعد از ۹ بازی سرانجام به یک برد آسیایی دست یافت. آخرین برد تراکتور در لیگ قهرمانان آسیا تا پیش از این برد، پیروزی سه بر یک مقابل النصر امارات در سال ۲۰۱۶ بود؛ پیروزی که با توجه به شکست چهار بر یک در دور رفت نتوانست مانع از حذف تراکتور شود و سرخ پوشان وداعی تلخ در یادگار امام با آسیا در آن دوره داشتند.<|endoftext|>The sun flings out solar wind particles in much the same manner as a garden sprinkler throws out water droplets.
The artist's drawing of the solar wind flow was provided courtesy of NASA.
The Spiral
|
8,549 | 5 | 2 |
be drawn naturally up the chimney at all times. If the fireplace smokes when it’s operating, it’s not designed properly, or there is something in the house that is causing the fireplace to smoke.
There are some configurations that are more likely to smoke than others. For example, chimney height has a big influence on how well the fireplace draws. A taller chimney will draw better. Also, the flue size should be at least 1/12 of the fireplace opening size in order to provide an optimal draw and eliminate smoke.
It’s common for the fireplace to smoke when the fire is first lit and when the fire has burnt down. This is called the cold-hearth syndrome. When the chimney flue is hot, it draws well, and when it’s cold, air flows down the chimney rather than up. Sometimes this can cause soot and cold air to pour down the chimney when the fireplace is not in use, even when the damper is closed. This is indicative of a less-than-ideal fireplace and chimney design.
Homeowners should also check for soot under the mantel. If there is soot on the underside of the mantel, it could indicate a fireplace with chronic back-drafting.
Solutions for smoking fireplaces include:
* Add glass doors: They reduce the effective fireplace opening size and the volume of air going up the chimney. These both improve the fireplace draw.
* Decrease the fireplace opening size: Anything that reduces the opening size of the fireplace will result in better draw.
* Extend the chimney: A taller chimney draws better. This is a good solution, but it is more expensive than the other suggestions.
* Convert to gas: If all else fails, consider installing a gas direct-vent fireplace. These fireplaces vent out the wall of the house. No chimney is needed.
A zero-clearance fireplace is a viable option for those who would like to have a fireplace added to their house. It has a light-weight insulated chimney. This means it can be added to the house without adding a foundation, making it an option for any floor of the house, and as the name says, it requires “zero clearance.”
In comparison, a conventional wood-burning fireplace is a massive structure made of masonry and non-combustible material – the firebox, the hearth, the chimney and the chimney liner. It is very heavy and needs a foundation. This type of fireplace is expensive to retrofit into a house that does not have a fireplace because it needs to be built from the footing level up.
There have been many fires due to improper operation and maintenance of wood-burning equipment. Knowing how to operate them is imperative to home safety. Here are a few safety tips:
* Hire a professional chimney sweep to get rid of any creosote build-up in the chimney because it is a highly combustible substance.
* Keep the flue clean by burning only seasoned hardwood. Don’t burn garbage and scraps of paper.
* Keep smoke in its place by stacking logs near the back of the fireplace.
* Make sure the damper is open before lighting the fire.
* Have the flue cleaned and inspected yearly (cleaned more often if you use the fireplace a lot).
* Keep the hearth area clean and clear.
* Use a spark screen in front of the fire.
* Don’t leave an open fire unattended.
* Make sure household smoke and CO detectors are functioning.
* Zero-clearance fireplaces need to be cleaned and inspected as well. They don’t tolerate a lack of maintenance well.
* For zero clearance, check the manual to verify if the fireplace can be operated with the glass door shut.
Real estate professionals should stay attuned to common problems associated with wood-burning fireplaces and how they can be fixed, in order to not lose a sale. In some instances, remember it would be best to consider the zero-clearance wood-burning fireplace as an option.
Dan Steward is president of Pillar to Post home inspections, which has almost 500 locations in nine provinces and 43 states. 1-800-294-5591; www.pillartopost.com.
Posted: 2010-02-17 07:57:29
Want to sell condo Toronto? If yes then you are at the right place. At Canada, especially in Toronto your search for a perfect real estate broker to find out best Toronto Condo for Sale can’t end at a better place. I Marco Momeni, assures you best value for your condo and unmatched customer service at most competitive cost. I can even help you make your condo more attractive so that we can finish the whole transaction and selling procedure in least possible time. Selling a condominium in Toronto is a very herculean task. And if you want to try to sell condo Toronto all by yourself then the whole process will be nightmarish. So let me handle your Toronto condo for sale, I guarantee you best value at most affordable price. I even have the experience to take care of all the legal procedures such as preparation of agreement papers and various other necessary things which are required at the time of condo selling. We are committed to strike the best deal for your Toronto condo for sale by finding out the most suitable person or family who can pay you correct amount. I can achieve this by utilizing mine as well as your network of family, friends, neighbors, office colleague etc. I even strive hard enough to popularize your Toronto condo for sale by using internet, print and visual medium, and various other advanced advertising and marketing techniques. As I have years of experience selling, buying and renting properties in Canada and especially in Toronto, We know in great detail about the important factors that makes difference in sealing a deal. Using all these knowledge, I give my clients many inputs and advices about staging their property which makes them more attractive and gets them better return on that.<|endoftext|>生男生女到底是由谁决议呀？正正在古代假设女的生不了男娃就是女的错，男的就会继绝娶妾为其生男孩传宗接代。正室老婆不能不忍耐丈夫娶小老婆，果为本人没办法为其生一个男孩传宗接代，不能传宗接代是功恶。那么生男生女是由谁决议的呢？上面跟小编一同理解一下：
其实根据现代医教解释生男生女其实不是由女方决议的，正正在不考虑外界果素影响之外呢，次要是由男方的性染色体决议的。性染色体望文生义就是决议性别的染色体。人类的生殖细胞中有23对即46条染色体，此中22对为常染色体，一对为性染色体。女性的性染色体为XX，男性的为XY。卵子所含的染色体只要X一种，而精子所含分别为X和Y性染色体。当含X染色体的精子取卵子相分别，受精卵为XX型，则发育为女胎；当含Y染色体的精子取卵子相分别，受精卵为XY型，则发育为男胎。所以决议生男生女取决于到场受精的到底是含X染色体的精子还是含有Y染色体的精子决议的。换一句话来说呢生男生女就是由男方决议的。
不外生男生女也受外界环境等果素的影响酸碱环境：Y精子耐碱不耐酸，碱性环境中Y精子生动易取卵子分别，X精子正正在酸性环境中生动，容易受精。除此之外呢，还乐岁龄、职业、压力等外界的影响。
正正在网络上能够查到决议生男生女的果素，有的说是决议于母亲、有的说是决议于父亲、也有的说是受外界影响如PH度、季节温度、职业果素、年龄果素、压力果素等等，那么生男生女到底有谁决议？有没有科教根据呢?
现代医教曾经证明生男生女正正在不考虑其他外界果素的影响下生男生女次要由男方的性染色体决议。人类的生殖细胞中，有23对即46条染色体，此中22对为常染色体，1对为性染色体，女性的性染色体为XX，基果型可用46，XX暗示；男性的性染色为XY，基果型为46，XY。生殖细胞要经过两次减数团结，23对染色体酿成23条，卵子所含性染色体只要X一种，而精子可分别含X或Y性染色体。当精子取卵子分别后，受精卵的染色体又恢复成23对。若含X染色体的精子取卵子分别，受精卵为XX型，发育为女胎；若含Y染色体的精子取卵子分别，受精卵为XY型，发育成男胎。所以，生男生女取决于到场受精的究竟结果功效是X精子，还是Y精子。而精子取卵子的分别是随机的，是不以人们的意志为转移的，那样才华维持人类两性比例的大抵均衡，那也是一种自然界的生态均衡，那个均衡决不容毁坏，否则，一定构成不胜设念的社会成绩。
生男生女决议果素是什么？生男孩生女孩从古至今不竭都是争议性的话题。晚辈都喜欢男孩，次要是能够为家族延绝香火，传宗接代。跟着时间的展开曾经推崇着男女对等，生男生女都一样。但是人们还是希冀本人能控制生男生女，由此，人们都念理解生男生女次要是有什么果素决议的？
1、受孕季节影响
很多人都说，受精卵分别前一个月的受孕季节，也就是男生取女生正正在性止为发做前的一个月所处受孕季节，是影响宝宝性别的重要果素。某种水平上受孕季节的确会影响后世的性别。但是孕妈妈们切忌刚强于生小孩的季节，受孕季节其实不是起着关键的做用。而需求的是天时天时人和的效果。
2、受PH值影响
坊间传止，PH值对生男生女有一定的影响。而很多念生男孩的夫妇们，念尽量缔制碱性环境，房事前，用2%或2.5%的碳酸氢钠液冲洗阳道；念生女孩的夫妇们，就把酸性环境变大，房事前，用适当浓度的食醋或1%的乳酸钠溶液冲洗阳道再同房，以删加生女孩的几率。固然看起来似乎有些本理，但是并没有的到医教证明，有待进一步研讨。特别提醉，假设采取阳道灌洗的办法改动阳道的酸碱度，那不但不能获得幻念的宝宝，反而隐现反效果。那可能会让孕妈妈隐现阳道炎和盆腔炎，以致使精子遭到伤害，构成胎宝宝畸形。此办法需求慎重选。
3、受女性排卵期影响
很多准妈妈们都会听疑坊间的止动，排卵日当天止房生男孩的机率较高；正正在排卵期之前一、两天止房，则生女孩机会高。小编正正在此为各人辟一下谣，胎宝宝的性别是由生殖细胞的性染色体所决议，取孕妈妈的排卵时间无关。
人类的生殖细胞中有23对即46条染色体，此中22对为常染色体，一对为性染色体。女性的性染色体为XX，男性的为XY。卵子所含的染色体只要X一种，而精子所含分别为X和Y性染色体。当含X染色体的精子取卵子相分别，受精卵为XX型，则发育为女胎；当含Y染色体的精子取卵子相分别，受精卵为XY型，则发育为男胎。果此，生男生女次要取决于什么类型的精子和卵子分别。
我们知道胎儿的性别次要是有性染色体决议的，而带有Y染色体的精子正正在碱性环境中生机较强，容易生男孩，而带有X染色体的精子正正在酸性环境里较为生动，容易生女孩。坊间传布了一些经由过程控制夫妻体内的酸碱度，从而决议生男生女的说法，小编给各人总结了一些，仅供各人参考。
秘诀1、备孕期饮食调理
由于女性的阳道普通呈酸性，若正正在飞扬时分泌碱性物量，则较适宜Y精子保存，那样比较容易生男孩;念生女孩的话，则应维持体内的酸性环境。所以正正在备孕时期，准爸妈能够经由过程控制饮食来改解缆体的酸碱值。
酸性食物包罗：肉、蛋、鱼、动物脂肪和动物油、米饭、面食、糖类甜食等。
碱性食物包罗蔬菜、茶叶、水果(高糖水果除外)、豆废品、牛奶等。
分析：不外从医教角度来看，人体的PH值是比较恒定的，不成能靠吃哪一类食物就隐现大偏背。孕前饮食更要重视营养均衡，不要单一饮食，从而构成营养不良。
秘诀2、改动阳道酸碱度
假设你是念生女孩那么正正在排卵期前三天，用少量而洁净的温开水密释醋酸之后，冲洗妇女阳道，让阳道呈酸性。假设念生男孩，则正正在排卵日前三天用苏汲水冲洗阳道，加强阳道的碱性环境。
特别提醉，该做法并没有获得医教证明，而且很容易招致阳道菌群失衡诱发炎症，所以要特别慎重采取该法式。
秘诀3、制制性爱飞扬
普通女性的阳道凡是隐现强酸性，第一次飞扬后，会改动成酸性，第二次飞扬后，会变革成弱酸性。而精液呈碱性，正正在女性抵达飞扬时，会加强阳道的碱性，比较适宜带有Y染色体精子生长，所以念生男孩的人该当尽量缔制飞扬，删加让阳道碱性变强的机会。
秘诀4、同房机会要适宜
受精卵分别前一个月的环境温度，是影响宝宝性别的重要果素。高温环境容易缔制男宝宝，低温环境容易缔制女宝宝。高温会影响精子的X染色体，让女宝宝不容易出生;低温会影响精子的Y染色体，让男宝宝不容易出生。果此，念生男孩，最好正正在夏天受孕，念生女孩，则尽量正正在冬天受孕。不外那种也是没有足够的科教根据。
秘诀5、同房姿势和频次
念生男孩，能够采取站姿或后入式姿势，同房后安静冷静荒僻冷僻冷静荒僻冷僻地平躺一会儿，假设念生女孩，无妨尝尝传教士体位或女上式同房姿势。别的，据说同房频繁能够进步生女孩的几率。
秘诀6、生育年龄
年龄越大，越易生女孩夫妻两边年岁较大，生女儿的机率越大，那是不争的幻念。由于年龄要素会影响男女两边身体的素量，男性的精子数会跟着年龄的添加而削减，而女人的年龄越大，心机激素改动，也会使子宫内的碱性排鼓物逐年降低，生女孩的机会也大幅进步。生男生女只是概率成绩，和年龄的巨细并没有太大关系。不外从劣生的角度来看，夫妻应正正在最佳生育年龄孕育宝宝。女性的生育年龄正正在23-30岁之间为最佳时期，男性为30-35岁，女性最好不逾越30岁，男性不逾越35岁。<|endoftext|>Extreme weather such as heat waves, heavy downpours and droughts are expected to accompanying climate change. Recent research indicates this has begun happening.
Droughts, heat waves, flooding — humanity has faced the effects of extreme, disastrous weather throughout history. But this past decade set itself apart — thanks, at least in part, to human-caused climate change, according to scientists.
Last year, the United States saw 14 weather-related events that cost at least $1 billion apiece; in 2003, Europe sweltered through its hottest summer in at least 500 years; in 2010, record rainfall brought the worst flooding in Pakistan's history; and the list from recent years goes on.
These events occurred during a decade ranked as likely the warmest for at least the past 1,000 years, according to Dim Coumou and Stefan Rahmstorf, of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany.
Is there a connection between the warming world and extreme weather? Most likely yes, say Coumou and Rahmstorf.
"It is very likely that several of the unprecedented extremes of the past decade would not have occurred without anthropocentric global warming," they write in a study published Sunday (March 25) in the journal Nature Climate Change. [Quiz: Test Your Weather Smarts]
Connecting weather with climate change is tricky — climate scientists routinely say they cannot attribute a particular event to human-caused climate change. However, over time, global warming is expected to result in a shift in the odds of extreme events.
Coumou and Rahmstorf, like other climate scientists, use the metaphor of a loaded die: The results of one roll may or may not be the result of the manipulated die. But after many rolls, the skewed results become evident.
To
|
8,549 | 5 | 3 |
位（地址）向高位（地址）增长。Heap 的一个重要特点就是不会自动消失，必须手动释放，或者由垃圾回收机制来回收。
Stack 是由于函数运行而临时占用的内存区域。或者说栈是指令执行时存放临时变量的内存空间。一个函数对应一帧，
fp指向当前frame的栈底，
sp指向栈顶
int main() {
上面代码中，系统开始执行main函数时，会为它在内存里面建立一个
帧（frame），所有main的内部变量（比如a和b）都保存在这个帧里面。main函数执行结束后，该帧就会被回收，释放所有的内部变量，不再占用空间。
如果函数内部调用了其他函数，会发生什么情况？
int main() {
上面代码中，main函数内部调用了add_a_and_b函数。执行到这一行的时候，系统也会为add_a_and_b新建一个帧，用来储存它的内部变量。也就是说，此时同时存在两个帧：
main和
add_a_and_b。一般来说，调用栈有多少层，就有多少帧。
等到
add_a_and_b运行结束，它的帧就会被回收，系统会回到函数main刚才中断执行的地方，继续往下执行。通过这种机制，就实现了函数的层层调用，并且每一层都能使用自己的本地变量。
所有的帧都存放在 Stack，由于帧是一层层叠加的，所以 Stack 叫做栈。生成新的帧，叫做”入栈”，英文是 push；栈的回收叫做”出栈”，英文是 pop。Stack 的特点就是，最晚入栈的帧最早出栈（因为最内层的函数调用，最先结束运行），这就叫做”后进先出”的数据结构。每一次函数执行结束，就自动释放一个帧，所有函数执行结束，整个 Stack 就都释放了。
注意：
Stack 是由内存区域的结束地址开始，
从高位（地址）向低位（地址）分配。
栈顶置针向低移动，就是分配临时存储空间，栈顶置针向高移动，就是释放临时存储空间。
比如，内存区域的结束地址是0x8000，第一帧假定是16字节，那么下一次分配的地址就会从0x7FF0开始；第二帧假定需要64字节，那么地址就会移动到0x7FB0。
栈中一个数据所分配到的内存中，存储(读取)数据时，是
从低位（地址）向高位（地址）读写的。即栈中数据的打印地址(起始地址)与堆中一样，是低地址开始。
- 情况一：见下面代码块中的
stp、
ldp。
- 情况二：复合类型，如创建一个结构体局部变量，打印成员变量，会发现是从低地址向高地址依次打印出来的
- 注意：基本数据类型的存储，还涉及到
大端、小端字节序的概念，即指高位字节在前(后)。
- 情况一：见下面代码块中的
补充：复合数据类型都是由基本数据类型组成的，基本数据类型的存储不会带来空闲(冗余)空间的：
char类型的数据值为单个字符，ASCII码值对应为0-255，正好一个字节存储。
int类型，比如int = 1，int占4字节，存的时候会存0x00000001，即会转成8位的16进制表示存储，占满4字节
冗余空间的产生，往往是因为一些比如对齐之类的存储策略造成的
下面的图简单的描述了 main 调用方法 printf 时，栈是如何划分的：
-
下面是方法的调用过程，分别对应方法头、方法尾。
//x29就是fp, x30就是lr
总结：
- 方法头、尾的作用就是调用前保存程序状态，调用后恢复程序状态。
- 如果一个函数内部没有其他函数调用，也就没有这几行方法头、尾了，比如一个最简单的程序如：
关于参数及返回值的传递，具有以下规则(赘述一遍，前面讲寄存器时提过)：
- 当函数参数个数小于等于8个的时候，x0-x7依次存储前8个参数
- 参数个数大于8个的时候，多余的参数会通过栈传递
- 方法通常通过x0返回数据，如果返回的数据结构较大，则通过x8将数据的地址进行返回（寄存器最大为8字节，超过8字节的返回值，一个寄存器就传递不了了）
- 在Intel 32位汇编中：
- 通过当前的SP，FP可以得到当前函数的stack frame，通过PC可以得到当前执行的地址。
- 在当前栈的FP上方，可以得到Caller(调用者)的FP，和LR。通过偏移，我们还可以获取到Caller的SP。由于LR保存了Caller下一条指令的地址，所以实际上我们也获取到了Caller的PC
- 有了Caller的FP，SP和PC，我们就可以获取到Caller的stack frame信息，由此递归就可以不获取到所有的Stack Frame信息。
栈回溯的过程中，我们拿到的是函数的地址，又是如何通过函数地址获取到函数的名称和偏移量的呢？
- 对于系统的库，比如
CoreFoundation我们可以直接通过系统的符号表拿到
对于自己代码，则依赖于编译时候生成的
dsym文件。
- 这个过程我们称之为
symbolicate，对于iOS设备上的crash log，我们可以直接通过XCode的工具
symbolicatecrash来符号化：
cd /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/SharedFrameworks/DVTFoundation.framework/Versions/A/Resources
./symbolicatecrash ~/Desktop/1.crash ~/Desktop/1.dSYM > ~/Desktop/result.crash
当然，可以用工具
dwarfdump去查询一个函数地址：
dwarfdump --lookup 0x000000010007528c -arch arm64 1.dSYM
ARM作为精简指令集(RISC)，所有 ARM 指令(RISC)的长度都是 32 位。行成对比的是复杂指令集(CISC，如x86)，指令长度不同，最长的指令长达15 bytes，等于120位。
ARM指令使用的基本格式如下：
<opcode>{<cond>}{S} <Rd>,<Rn>,{<operand2>}
- Opcode：操作码；指令助记符，如LDR、STR等。
- Cond：可选的条件码；执行条件，如EQ、NE等。
- S：可选后缀；若指定S，则根据指令执行结果更新CPSR中的条件码
- Rd：目标寄存器
- Rn：存放在第1操作数的寄存器。
- operand2：第2个操作数。
- “< >”：“< >”内的项是必需的，例如，
是指令助记符，这是必须书写的。
- “{ }”：“{ }”内的项是可选的，例如，{< code>}为指令执行条件，是可选项。若不书写，则使用默认条件AL（无条件执行）。
- ARM处理器的指令集可以分为跳转指令、数据处理指令、程序状态寄存器（PSR）处理指令、加载/存储指令、协处理器指令和异常产生指令6大指令。
本文只列举一些常见的基本指令，可以正常阅读汇编代码即可。有几个注意点：
- 寄存器：为标号，不加前缀
- 操作数顺序：目标操作数在左，源操作数在右
- 立即数：前加#作为前缀
- 寻址格式：
;寻址格式：
除此之外，还有两种地址表示方式(相对寻址)：
程序相对地址(程序相对的表达式)：是命名寄存器的值加上或减去一个数字常数
寄存器相对地址(寄存器相对的表达式)：表示为相对当前程序计数器 (PC) 的偏移量。它通常是标签与数字
表达式的组合(如
ADR指令)
由于篇幅原因，只列举了常用的一些。全面的可以查看ARM官网文档。
;数据处理指令
ARM指令中，不支持将立即数直接写入内存，需要先通过mov写入寄存器，然后通过str将寄存器中的值存储进内存
ARM指令集是以
32位二进制编码的方式给出的，大部分的指令编码中定义了第一操作数、第二操作数、目的操作数、条件标志影响位以及每条指令所对应的不同功能实现的二进制位。
每条32位ARM指令都具有不同的二进制编码方式，与不同的指令功能相对应。
如图所示表示了ARM指令集编码。
ARM指令的一个重要特点就是所有指令都是带有条件的，就是说汇编中可以根据状态寄存器中的一些状态来控制分支的执行。
在ARM的指令编码表中，统一占用编码的最高4位[31:28]来表示条件码。每种条件码用两个英文缩写字符表示其含义，可添加在指令助记符的后面，表示指令执行时必须要满足的条件。ARM指令根据CPSR中的条件位自动判断是否执行指令。在条件满足时，指令执行；否则，指令被忽略。
例如，数据传送指令MOV加上条件后缀EQ后成为MOVEQ，表示“相等则执行传送”，“不相等则本条指令不执行”，即只有当CPRS中的Z标志为1时，才会发生数据传送。ARM指令集编码表列举了4位条件码的16种编码中能为用户所使用的15种，而编码1111为系统暂不使用的保留编码。
看下面几行汇编指令：
cmp x2, #0 // x2 - 0 = 0。 状态寄存器标识zero: PSTATE.NZCV.Z = 1
用汇编编写的程序虽然运行速度快，但开发速度非常慢，效率也很低。如果只是想对关键代码段进行优化，或许更好的办法是将汇编指令嵌入到 C 语言程序中，从而充分利用高级语言和汇编语言各自的特点。但一般来讲，在 C 代码中嵌入汇编语句要比”纯粹”的汇编语言代码复杂得多，因为需要解决如何分配寄存器，以及如何与C代码中的变量相结合等问题。
GCC 提供了很好的内联汇编支持，最基本的格式是：
__asm__("asm statements");
汇编层面上只有寄存器、内存及数据(地址(无符号整数)、数字(定点、浮点)、字符、逻辑数)
- 指针：本质上就是一个变量的地址。
- 结构体：本质上就是按照一定规则分配的连续内存。
- 结构体作为参数时，将成员通过连续的通用寄存器或者浮点型寄存器传入。当结构体过大(成员过多、复杂)的时候，作为参数和返回值时，通过栈来传递，这一点和函数的参数个数过多的时候类似。
- 举例：当使用printf直接打印结构体变量时(一般不这么使用，而是打印结构体.成员变量)，不是直接打印地址，而是打印成员。前面有多少个打印字符，就会打印出多少个成员变量的值。(如果打印字符多于成员数，会打印出一些随机的东西)
- 数组：
- 1. iOS需要了解的ARM64汇编(搬运)
- 1.0.1. 概述
- 1.0.2. iOS相关的指令集及对应的ARM汇编语言
- 1.0.3. ARM64 汇编
- 1.0.4. ARM中的寄存器
- 1.0.5. 内存模型
- 1.0.6. 指令格式及常见指令
- 1.0.7. ARM指令的二进制编码
- 1.0.8. 内联汇编
- 1.0.9. 汇编层次看高级语言
- 1.0.10. 关于intel、AT&T汇编的简单了解<|endoftext|>آیا هزینه آسیب به تجهیزات واقع در پروژه و تحت تملک کارفرما بر عهده پیمانکار است؟
يکي از ارکان مهم عمليات اجرايی در يک پروژه ماشين آلات و تجهيزات اجرايي است .
تأمين اين ماشين آلات ممکن است توسط پيمانکار يا کارفرما صورت بگیرد.
ولي يک سؤال مهم در اين زمينه وجود دارد که در صورت بروز آسيب به اين تجهيزات کدام يک از طرفين پيمان پاسخگو و مسئول خواهند بود؟
اين سؤال در انواع قراردادها، چه دولتي چه خصوصي، مطرح مي شود و بايستي دستگاه مناقصه گزار و يا کارفرما در زمان عقد قرارداد به اين سؤال پاسخ روشني بدهد تا در حين انجام تعهدات قراردادي، طرفين را دچار چالش نکند.
براي تشريح اين موضوع، از نشريه 4311 و قانون مسئوليت مدني و قانون مدني استفاده خواهيم کرد و در نهايت راهکارهايي که مي تواند ريسک هاي مرتبط را مديريت کند، با شما به اشتراک مي گذاريم.<|endoftext|>Falso tecnico spacciandosi per il figlio del vigile con la scusa dell’acqua inquinata inganna una pensionata di oltre settant’anni e fugge con un bottino di 600 euro in contanti, il bancomat e tutti i gioielli. Lasciando dietro sé dolore e amarezza.
L’odioso raggiro ieri mattina poco dopo le 9 a Gaggino in via Europa Unita.
La signora, questo il suo racconto, stava facendo le pulizie in taverna quando ha sentito suonare al citofono ed è andata al cancelletto a vedere chi era.
Qui si è trovata di fronte un uomo sui 25-35 anni che indossava un cappellino blu con visiera, giubbotto e pantaloni neri: si è presentato come il figlio del vigile di Gaggino e doveva verificare la presenza di mercurio nell’acqua
Con una scusa ha convinto l a donna mettere i suoi averi nel frigorifero, l’ha fatta allontanare e poi con il bottino: seicento euro in contanti e documenti tra cui bancomat che erano nel portafoglio oltre a gioielli vari tra cui la fede di suo marito, la sua e l’anello di fidanzamento con brillante.
© RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA<|endoftext|>riepilogo: I ricercatori hanno identificato 10 pesticidi che distruggono in modo significativo i neuroni coinvolti nell’insorgenza della malattia di Parkinson.
Lo studio ha utilizzato l’ampio database sull’uso di pesticidi della California e metodi di test innovativi per identificare i pesticidi direttamente tossici per i neuroni dopaminergici, che sono essenziali per il movimento volontario. Le combinazioni di pesticidi utilizzate per coltivare il cotone erano più dannose di qualsiasi altro pesticida.
Questa ricerca fornisce nuove informazioni sulla possibile eziologia ambientale della malattia di Parkinson.
Aspetti principali:
- I ricercatori hanno identificato 10 insetticidi che erano direttamente tossici per i neuroni dopaminergici, che sono critici nel movimento volontario e la cui morte è una caratteristica della malattia di Parkinson.
- Le formulazioni di insetticidi, in particolare quelle utilizzate nella coltivazione del cotone, si sono rivelate più tossiche di qualsiasi pesticida.
- La maggior parte dei dieci insetticidi identificati come direttamente tossici per i neuroni dopaminergici sono ancora in uso oggi negli Stati Uniti.
fonte: Università della California
I ricercatori della UCLA Health e di Harvard hanno identificato 10 pesticidi che hanno danneggiato in modo significativo le cellule nervose coinvolte nello sviluppo del morbo di Parkinson, fornendo nuovi indizi sul ruolo delle tossine ambientali nella malattia.
Mentre i fattori ambientali come l’esposizione ai pesticidi sono stati a lungo associati alla malattia di Parkinson, è stato difficile identificare quali pesticidi possono aumentare il rischio di sviluppare il disturbo neurodegenerativo.
Solo in California, il più grande produttore ed esportatore agricolo della nazione, ci sono quasi 14.000 prodotti insetticidi con più di 1.000 ingredienti attivi registrati per l’uso.
Attraverso un nuovo abbinamento di epidemiologia e screening della tossicità che ha sfruttato l’ampio database sull’uso di pesticidi della California, i ricercatori dell’UCLA e di Harvard sono stati in grado di identificare 10 pesticidi che erano direttamente tossici per i neuroni dopaminergici.
I neuroni svolgono un ruolo importante nel movimento volontario e la morte di questi neuroni è il segno distintivo della malattia di Parkinson.
Inoltre, i ricercatori hanno scoperto che le esposizioni combinate ai pesticidi comunemente usati in combinazione nella coltivazione del cotone erano più tossiche di qualsiasi singolo insetticida in quella combinazione.
Per questo studio, pubblicato il 16 maggio nel Comunicazioni sulla naturaI ricercatori dell’UCLA hanno esaminato le storie di esposizione vecchie di decenni a 288 pesticidi tra i pazienti della Central Valley con malattia di Parkinson che hanno partecipato a studi precedenti.
I ricercatori sono stati in grado di determinare l’esposizione a lungo termine di ogni persona e quindi, utilizzando quella che hanno definito un’analisi di associazione a livello di pesticidi, hanno testato individualmente ogni pesticida per l’associazione
|
8,549 | 6 | 0 |
it was a good bet that something would interact with orco in mosquitoes.”
Vosshall’s team turned to a genetic engineering tool called zinc-finger nucleases to specifically mutate the orco gene in Aedes aegypti. They injected the targeted zinc-finger nucleases into mosquito embryos, waited for them to mature, identified mutant individuals, and generated mutant strains that allowed them to study the role of orco in mosquito biology. The engineered mosquitoes showed diminished activity in neurons linked to odor-sensing. Then, behavioral tests revealed more changes.
When given a choice between a human and any other animal, normal Aedes aegypti will reliably buzz toward the human. But the mosquitoes with orco mutations showed reduced preference for the smell of humans over guinea pigs, even in the presence of carbon dioxide, which is thought to help mosquitoes respond to human scent. “By disrupting a single gene, we can fundamentally confuse the mosquito from its task of seeking humans,” says Vosshall. But they don’t yet know whether the confusion stems from an inability to sense a “bad” smell coming from the guinea pig, a “good” smell from the human, or both.
Next, the team tested whether the mosquitoes with orco mutations responded differently to DEET. When exposed to two human arms—one slathered in a solution containing 10 percent DEET, the active ingredient in many bug repellants, and the other untreated—the mosquitoes flew equally toward both arms, suggesting they couldn’t smell the DEET. But once they landed on the arms, they quickly flew away from the DEET-covered one. “This tells us that there are two totally different mechanisms that mosquitoes are using to sense DEET,” explains Vosshall. “One is what’s happening in the air, and the other only comes into action when the mosquito is touching the skin.” Such dual mechanisms had been discussed but had never been shown before.
Vosshall and her collaborators next want to study in more detail how the orco protein interacts with the mosquitoes’ odorant receptors to allow the insects to sense smells. “We want to know what it is about these mosquitoes that makes them so specialized for humans,” she says. “And if we can also provide insights into how existing repellants are working, then we can start having some ideas about what a next-generation repellant would look like.”
Notes about this genetic engineering research
Funding: Portions of this work were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, the Irma T. Hirschl Trust, the Klarman Family Foundation Grants Program in Eating Disorders Research, and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health through the Grand Challenges in Global Health initiative.
Contact: Leslie B. Vosshall – HHMI Investigator
Source: Howard Hughes Medical Institute press release
Image Source: The mosquito image is credited to Zach Veilleux – The Rockefeller University
Original Research: Abstract for “orco mutant mosquitoes lose strong preference for humans and are not repelled by volatile DEET” by Matthew DeGennaro, Carolyn S. McBride, Laura Seeholzer, Takao Nakagawa, Emily J. Dennis, Chloe Goldman, Nijole Jasinskiene, Anthony A. James & Leslie B. Vosshall in Nature Published online 29 May 2013 DOI: 10.1038/nature12206<|endoftext|>Students bring in a family photograph they like. This can be from a vacation, a holiday celebration, a family life cycle event, any photograph that includes the student. In class, students look through the Centropa database to find a photograph that looks similar to the one they brought in – people might be posed similarly to the people in their picture, or doing the same thing, etc. Then they read about that photograph, as well as the Centropa interview to find out about the life of that survivor.
The class watched Centropa’s film Love on a Paper Airplane as an introduction to the love story of Judit Kinszki’s parents, and the early modern photography of Imre Kinszki (Judit’s father). We then explored the images in Kinszki’s work and examined what made them modern and how they were characteristic of modern photography and art in Europe in the early 20th century.
Interwar Hungary produced some of the best modernist photographers: Imre Kertesz, Robert Capa, and Laszlo Moholy Nagy. All were Jewish. Another great Jewish Hungarian photographer of the period was Imre Kinszki, whose life and career was cut short when he vanished in the last months of WW2 during a death march. His reputation faded. In this project, students learn about the modernist artistic styles of these important photographers, and research their life stories.<|endoftext|>[quote="hdoner"]
paylaşım için teşekkürler.Yayımları devam ederse süper oalcak.Sağol bir kez daha
[/QUOTE]
Şu anda sanırım 14.sayıdalar. Devam eder çünkü daha önceki sayılarında reklam yoktu bu sayıda bayağı bir reklam var. Reklam almalarına sevindim çünkü bu derginin yaşaması için şarttı.
Özellikle fikir süper geldi bana. Reklam gelirleri nerdeyse %100 kazanç. Baskı parası, dağıtım ücreti, bayi payı vs vs. bir sürü gider sıfır daha ne olsun.<|endoftext|>Most people know that we are not a big fan of sterilising dogs. Our reason is fairly simple, with hormones intact, dogs can grow properly (in terms of joints and anatomies) and studies have shown that sterilising provides not only pros but a list cons as well. If you haven’t read our first post about sterilisation, click here: POST
However, we also believe that full sterilisation can help a lot of dogs and first time owners in terms of the dog’s behaviour, it can help reduce a lot of aggression between dogs, especially male dogs and we always encourage owners who do not have enough experiences, to sterilise their dogs the traditional way. Having an intact male or female can be very different from having a sterilised male or female, the way they act instinctually is different, the way they greet other dogs can be different, the way that they handle fights is also different.
Moving on, full sterilisation not only result in some growth differences but also possible future health issues. Did you know that there is another way out? Ovary Sparing Spay, Vasectomy will keep your dogs sterile but also leave the hormones intact. It is important that dogs who are not suitable for breeding should never be bred, it is the only way that we can keep the breeds healthy.
Ovary Sparing Spay
For the ladies, ovary sparing spray will prevent them from pyrometer in their later life but also keep their ovary intact. This procedure removes the uterus and cervix but not the ovaries. Female dogs spayed this way will not get pregnant, but they still will act like an intact female dog. They will act like they are in heat and males will be attracted to them, but there will be no vaginal discharge.
Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for the male dogs.Vasectomy will prevent sperm from entering into the seminal stream and will make the male dog sterile, but the hormones intact. The hormones will aid in his anatomy and bone developments. A vasectomised dog will act like an fully intact male dog, but he will not be able to contribute to the future bloodline.
Our honest opinion, Vasectomy and Ovary Sparing Spay will not only keep your dog sterile, but also prevent cancerous illnesses that can be caused by the lack-of-hormones in the future and this is the ideal way of sterilisation for us. The only downside is that dogs that go through this procedures will act like intact dogs, and they will need to be better handled than fully sterilised dogs, very often they will need a tougher and firmer handler.
With these newer options, owners can now decide which methods will best benefit their dogs. As always, not all dogs are the same, it is up to the owners to decide which is best for their dogs.<|endoftext|>Tar Lazio - sentenza n. 7509/2003
Sì a causa di servizio per ambiente di lavoro insalubre
Si riconosce la causa di servizio ad un lavoratore affetto da TBC primaria con pleurite, se accertato che ha lavorato in un ambiente insalubre e malsano con repentini abbassamenti della temperatura, tra infiltrazioni di aria e acqua piovana causate dallo stato di degrado delle pareti e dei soffitti.<|endoftext|>ویکی حج:تابلوی اعلانات
پرش به ناوبری پرش به جستجو
ساختار مداخل[ویرایش مبدأ]
- هر مدخل نیاز به شناسه، دستهبندی، لینکدهی، عکس، جعبه اطلاعات، جعبه ناوبری، جعبه نقل قول، الگوهای ویکی، اصلاح پانویس و منابع، اصلاح متن، پیوند به بیرون، برای مطالعه بیشتر، تغییر مسیرها و رده مناسب دارد.
- شناسه علاوه بر توضیح کلمه، چکیدهای از کل متن است. در شناسه به مهمترین مطالب مقاله به خصوص ارتباط با حج و شبه جزیره اشاره میشود.
- پس از دستهبندی، تا حد امکان متن مقاله نیز براساس دستههای ایجاد شده اصلاح شود.
- در لینکدهی دقت شود که حتیالامکان به عنوان اصلی مداخل لینک شود. مرجع برای عنوان مداخل نیز دانشنامه حج و حرمین شریفین است.
- مداخل براساس موضوع ممکن است بیش از یک عکس داشته باشد. منبع عکسها، میتواند کتاب یا پایگاه اینترنتی باشد که در توضیحات عکس حتما باید نام کتاب یا سایت و همچنین آدرس دقیق آن ذکر شود. همچنین تصاویری نیز در پژوهشکده حج و زیارت موجود است که از آنها نیز میتوان استفاده کرد.
- تقریبا اکثر مداخل ویکیحج نیاز به جعبه اطلاعات مناسب دارند و کاربران موظف به ایجاد این جعبهاطلاعاتها هستند.
- تمام مداخل باید جعبه ناوبری مناسب داشته باشند و ممکن است برای برخی مداخل بیش از یک جعبه ناوبری نیاز باشد.
- جعبه نقل قول صرفا جهت زیبایی صفحه یا اهمیتدادن به قسمتی از متن است و برای صفحات کوتاه ضرورتی ندارد.
- الگوهایی مانند اصلی، پانویس، منابع، جا:ویرایش و ... به تناسب در متن استفاده شود. همچنین اگر الگویی مورد نیاز بود و در ویکیحج موجود نبود، کاربران آن را ایجاد کنند یا به دیگر کاربران اطلاع دهند.
- شیوه ارجاع در پانویس به صورت عنوان کتاب، جلد و صفحه و در منابع به صورت کتابشناسی کامل است.
- نمونه پانویس: مجمع البحرین، ج۱، ص۱۴۱.
- نمونه منابع: مجمع البحرین: فخرالدين بن محمد الطريحي (م.۱۰۸۵ق.)، تحقیق سید احمد حسینی، تهران، فرهنگ اسلامی، ۱۴۰۸ق.
- الگوی منابع در بخش منابع اضافه شود. همچنین اولین منبع همیشه استفاده از الگوی دانشنامه است که اطلاعات آن به طور کامل اضافه شود. (دقت شود که در بخش ارجاع به متن اصلی دانشنامه آدرس پایگاه دانشنامه حج و حرمین شریفین: «http://phz.hajj.ir» است؛ نه Hajj.ir.)
- اصلاح متن به صورت حداقلی است. با این وجود به جهت ایجاد و تغییر تیترها، معمولا جملات متن بهخصوص جملات ابتدایی تغییر پیدا میکند. ضمن اینکه ممکن است برخی مقالات دانشنامه، بیش از اندازه به مطالب غیرمرتبط با حج پرداخته باشد که نیاز است این موارد تلخیص شود. نمونه این مداخل، مقاله «ازدواج موقت» است که باتوجه به اینکه عمده این مدخل به مبحث غیرمرتبط با حج پرداخته است، قسمتهای غیرمرتبط باید در حد توضیح عنوان تلخیص یابد. به طور کلی در نظر ویکینویس باید این باشد که پایگاه «ویکیحج» است و اختصاص به مداخل مرتبط با حج و زیارت دارد.
- در برخی موارد نیاز است که یک مدخل دانشنامه تبدیل به دو یا چند مدخل ویکیایی شود. در این صورت باید این کار صورت پذیرد؛ البته با مدیر نیز هماهنگی صورت گیرد.
- بخش پیوند به بیرون قبل از پانویس میآید و اختصاص به مقالات و مطالب اینترنتی دارد. علاوه بر جستجو در گوگل، حتما از نورمگز، sid.ir و iasj.net استفاده شود. اگر مقاله و مطلب عربی نیز یافتید، لطفا اضافه کنید.
- بخش برای مطالعه بیشتر، بالاتر از پیوند به بیرون و پانویس میآید و به کتابهایی اختصاص دارد که کل متن یا بخش عمده آن کتاب به مدخل مربوطه پرداخته باشند. جستجو در پایگاه کتابخانه ملی ایران، lib.ir و الفهرست العربی الموحد و الفهرست العراقی الموحد انجام شود.
- ایجاد تغییر مسیر محدودیت ندارد. برای هر مدخل تا حد امکان تغییر مسیر ساخته شود. یاء و کاف عربی، فاصله یا نیم فاصله، عنوان معروف و غیر معروف از این نوع تغییر مسیرهاست که باید ایجاد شود.
- برای ایجاد رده، رجوع به مقالات همعرض و مشابه الزامی است. در برخی موارد نیز نیاز به ایجاد رده جدید است. پس از ساخت رده، حتما آن رده را ایجاد کرده و تا ردهی مادر (ویکیحج) ردههای مناسب آن نیز ساخته شود. برای مشاهده ردههای سایت، درختواره ویکیحج را ببینید.
- پس از تکمیل مدخل و حذف الگوی «جا:ویرایش»، رده «مقالههای تکمیلشده» را به مدخل اضافه کنید تا در صفحه اصلی، ذیل مدخلهای پیشنهادی نمایش داده شود.
- پس از تکمیل مقاله، مدخل مورد بازبینی قرار میگیرد و مسئول مربوطه الگوی تکمیل مقاله را به مدخل اضافه کرده و در صورت داشتن ایراد، اشکالات مدخل را به کاربران اعلام میکند. کاربران نیز موظفند آنها را اصلاح کنند.
نکات ویرایشی[ویرایش مبدأ]
- اسامی معصومان به طور کلمه حضرت (برای حضرت محمد و حضرت فاطمه) یا امام (برای ائمه) به همراه اسم معروف میآید و پس از آن حرف ص یا ع یا س داخل پرانتزِ چسبیده به کلمه قبل ذکر میشود؛ مثل امام علی(ع). البته در متنهای مختلف (باتوجه به عبارت) میتوان به گونههای دیگر «مانند پیامبر(ص)» هم به کار برد و اختصاص به موارد ذکرشده ندارد.
- دقت شود که یاء و کاف عربی در متن موجود نباشد. همچنین اعداد به فارسی تبدیل گردد. برای این منظور یا از صفحه کلید استاندارد استفاده شود و یا متن را در پرونده:اصلاح.docm کپی کرده و از قسمت ماکرو، ماکرو 8 را اجرا کنید.
- در متون دانشنامه حج و حرمین شریفین، آدرس درون متنی آیات به این صورت است: (مائده/۵، ۳۳) که باید به این صورت تغییر یابد: (سوره مائده، آیه ۳۳)
- در متون دانشنامه حج و حرمین شریفین، سال وفات اشخاص درون پرانتز و پیش از عدد میآید(م.۳۲۱ق.) که باید به اینگونه تغییر یابد: (درگذشت ۳۲۱ق)
- در پایان هر ویرایش و پیش از انتشار، حتما خلاصه ویرایش نگاشته شود. البته برای ایجاد صفحه و تغییر مسیر و پرونده نیازی به خلاصه ویرایش نیست.
- معمولا عنوان مدخل به صورت پررنگ در اول مدخل ذکر می شود و سپس توضیح آن می آید. برای شناسه بهتر است توضیحات بیش از شناسه دانشنامه در پارگراف جداگانه بیان شود.
- دقت شود که کاراکترهای اشتباه یا اضافی که از دانشنامه کپی شده، در متن اضافه نشود. به طور مثال «9»، «7» یا «:» که پس از اسامی معصومان آمده به «(ص)» و «(ع)» تغییر یابد.
- در بخش منابع، دقت شود که گاهی بین ویرگول و کلمه بعد فاصله نیست. بنابراین مواردی مانند «بیروت،دار الکتب العلمیه» که باید ویرگول و دار الکتب فاصله ایجاد شود.
- متن آیات قرآن، با استفاده از الگوی قلم رنگ، به رنگ سبز نگاشته شود. یعنی با استفاده از این الگو {{قلم رنگ|سبز|الیومَ أَکمَلتُ لَکم دِینَکم وَ أَتمَمتُ عَلَیکم نِعمَتی}} آیه به این صورت نمایش داده میشود: الیومَ أَکمَلتُ لَکم دِینَکم وَ أَتمَمتُ عَلَیکم نِعمَتی.--Hasaninasab (بحث)<|endoftext|>Küp doğranmış kuru soğanı sıvı yağda pembeleştirin. Biber salçasını ekleyerek 2 dakika daha kavurun. Yıkanmış yeşil mercimeği ilave edin ve 5 dakika birlikte kavurduktan sonra 7 su bardağı sıcak suyu ekleyin. Mercimeği bir taşım kaynattıktan sonra baharatları ekleyin. Mercimeğin pişmesine yakın bulguru ilave edin; bulgur ve mercimek yumuşayana kadar kaynatın. Üzerine taze nane serperek servis yapın.<|endoftext|>A prototype rooftop collector focuses solar rays into a set of half-inch-wide polymer fibers that are capped in heat-resistant quartz.
Atop a three-story building at the east end of Oak Ridge National Laboratory in rural Tennessee, the warped image of researcher Jeff Muhs reflects off a silvery 46-inch-wide dish aimed at the afternoon sun. The slowly rotating mirror focuses sunlight into fiber-optic cables, which snake under the roof, past insulation and electrical wiring, and emerge in a light fixture one floor down. “It’s real impressive . . . on a sunny day,” Muhs says sheepishly. On overcast days like today, a video demonstration has to suffice. Sunlight piped from the roof blends with fluorescent light in the fixture down below, offering a warm glow that looks much more natural than the harshness of conventional fluorescents.
Bringing the sun into the mix not only cuts electricity use for indoor illumination by up to 50 percent, it also addresses a fundamental problem with office buildings—how to get daylight into the interior. Architectural studies show that, at best, light from windows penetrates only about 20 feet inside a structure. The solution came to Muhs 10 years ago during a business trip to Japan. There he found silicone gel fibers that transmitted light far more efficiently than any he had seen before. He realized that a network of those fibers could spread sunshine throughout a building.
The sunlight flows into a building through a network of exceptionally transparent fiber-optic cables.
The idea was simple, but execution was a problem because passing clouds can suddenly dim the sun; on overcast days, of course, there’s no sunlight to tap into at all. Muhs eventually hit on a hybrid fixture that combines an acrylic sunlight
|
8,549 | 6 | 1 |
.
“Children with ADHD and ASD are at a generally increased risk for behavioral problems, and these may contribute to anxiety or mood symptoms,” she said.
Asked about future studies to advance understanding of the topic, Gordon-Lipkin replied: “An important area for further research is clarifying how mood and anxiety disorders may present in both ASD and ADHD populations so that clinicians, healthcare providers, and families may optimally screen, assess, and diagnose these disorders.”
As for clinicians today, those who treat children with ASD should be vigilant about screening for anxiety and mood symptoms, Gordon-Lipkin said.
“Recognizing these mental health disorders is the first important step toward treatment,” she said.
“If the clinician is not comfortable managing these problems on their own, referrals for therapy to a psychologist or for medication management to a specialized medical doctor such as a psychiatrist, developmental pediatrician or neurologist is important.”
The study, “Anxiety and Mood Disorder in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD,” was published in Pediatrics.
Q&A with Linda Delahanty from Massachusetts General Hospital: Diagnosing and Treating Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes<|endoftext|>Medieval and Renaissance Dance
It is tempting to think of the Middle Ages and early Renaissance as a time of somber, sober living ruled by Church prohibitions on many types of behavior, including dance. A bit of research, however, reveals dancing was part of life for noble and commoner alike.
Court dances tended to be somewhat more stately and were often the way in which the nobility would process into the great hall for a banquet or other entertainment. The Pavane and the Almain (also known as the Black Alman, the Allemande, and several other names) are examples of court processional dances. The Saltarello was a bit livelier, with steps that involve small kicks. In all these dances, the couple stood side-by-side, their bodies distinctly separated, each with an arm outstretched to grasp the hand of the other.
By the later Renaissance, more lively dances were part of court life. Elizabeth I was known to be an avid dancer and was thought to be particularly fond of La Volta, a very daring dance in which the gentlemen lifts his partner into the air by holding her waist.
Village dances often included more jumping and kicking. The Morris dance is an example that dates from the time of Edward III in England and is still performed exactly the same way today.
If you think line dancing is a country-western invention, think again. Line dances such as the Farandole were part of medieval fare.
In the saga, I’ve generally kept to the dances of the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance. The one liberty I have taken is to include a Galliard (another of Elizabeth’s favorite dances). It is quite lively and somewhat daring in that the gentleman’s hand is placed on his partner’s back for a short time at one point in the dance.
There are plenty of internet sources on medieval and Renaissance dance as well as good illustrative performances in period costume on YouTube.
Couple dancing image credit: Copyright: Ikyam / 123RF Stock Photo<|endoftext|>DEFINIZIONE del "commercio attraverso"
Un mercato azionario ordine che non viene eseguito al miglior prezzo possibile in base ai prezzi quotati in altri scambi. I regolamenti per la protezione contro gli scambi sono stati passati in passato negli anni '70 e successivamente sono stati aggiornati con la regola 611 del regolamento NMS, approvato nel 2007.
La regola 611, altrimenti denominata Rule Protection Rule, mira a garantire che sia istituzionali che gli investitori retail ottengono il miglior prezzo possibile per un dato commercio confrontando le quotazioni su più scambi. Se un prezzo migliore viene citato altrove, il commercio deve essere indirizzato per l'esecuzione e non "scambiato" al suo attuale scambio.<|endoftext|>به گزارش گروه تحقیق و مطالعات بورس نیوز، در هفته منتهی به ۱۳ آذر ماه، ۳۰.۰۰۰ تن وکیوم باتوم از سوی شرکت پالایشگاه تهران در بورس کالا عرضه شد که با تقاضای ۳۸.۹۳۰ تنی و حجم معاملات ۳۰.۰۰۰ تن همراه شد که افزایش ۱۳.۰۰۰ تنی را نسبت به هفته پیش نشان میدهد.
این محصول پالایشگاه تهران با قیمت ۵۲.۳۴۵ هزار ریال در تن به فروش رسید که در مقایسه با هفته منتهی به ۶ آذر ماه افت ۰.۸ درصدی را نشان میدهد.
عرضه ۲۵.۰۰۰ تنی لوب کات شامل ۵.۰۰۰ تن لوب کات سبک و ۱۰.۰۰۰ تن لوب کات سنگین پالایشگاه تهران در قیمتهای ۸۰.۱۲۶ هزار ریال و ۷۸.۰۸۹ هزار ریال به ازای هر تن در هفته گذشته انجام شد که در مقایسه با منتهی با ۶ آذر ماه بدون تغییر همراه بودند.
در ادامه جدول معاملات محصولات اصلی شرکت پالایشگاه تهران در هفته گذشته و همچنین نمودار ماههای اخیر نرخ محصولات این شرکت در بورس کالا ارائه شده است.<|endoftext|>Federico Campanella (Genova, 10 luglio 1804 – Firenze, 9 dicembre 1884) è stato un patriota e politico italiano.
Conseguì la laurea in Legge nell'estate del 1829. Amico di Giuseppe Mazzini, fu tra i fondatori, assieme ai fratelli Ruffini, del primo comitato genovese della Giovine Italia, e partecipò alla spedizione mazziniana in Savoia nel 1834. Fallito il tentativo insurrezionale, andò esule in Svizzera e poi riparò a Marsiglia presso Luigi Amedeo Melegari.
Rientrato in Italia partecipò al moto milanese delle cinque giornate. Giunta la notizia dell'insurrezione di Milano, volontari genovesi formarono la Compagnia "Mazzini"; Campanella vi entrò e con essa partì per Milano dove giunse il 23 marzo 1848 dopo aver partecipato all'occupazione di Pavia. L'anno successivo fu tra i protagonisti dell'insurrezione di Genova come membro del governo provvisorio e capo di stato maggiore della Guardia Nazionale con il grado di colonnello. Repressa nel sangue dal generale La Marmora riuscì a scappare con una nave da guerra americana con Goffredo Mameli e Nino Bixio alla volta di Roma, dove come soldato semplice fu con Garibaldi alla difesa della Repubblica Romana. Al ritorno del Papa a Roma scappò ad Atene e poi a Parigi.
Nel 1851 fu tra coloro che si opposero al colpo di Stato di Luigi Napoleone Bonaparte, ma alla salita al trono di quest'ultimo si rifugiò a Londra. Qui si rimise in contatto con Mazzini e si adoperò per organizzare il Partito d'Azione.
Tornato in Italia al tempo della seconda guerra d'indipendenza, seguì Garibaldi nella spedizione dei Mille. Dopo la proclamazione del Regno d'Italia, il 22 giugno 1862 fu eletto deputato al Parlamento dal Collegio di Corleto Perticara in Basilicata, ma la sua accesa fede repubblicana lo spinse a rassegnare le dimissioni da deputato nel 1863 perché la Camera aveva approvato la repressione in Sicilia.
Continuò ad occuparsi di politica e fu tra i più instancabili organizzatori del partito repubblicano e del movimento massonico italiano. Nel 1868, dimessosi Garibaldi, il Grande Oriente di Palermo offrì la carica di Gran maestro a Mazzini, che rifiutò ma indicò Campanella, il quale venne eletto il 19 luglio per un triennio. In contrasto con il Grande Oriente d'Italia, filomonarchico, allora con sede a Firenze, propose di indire una costituente per riformare la Massoneria italiana, costituente che ebbe finalmente luogo nell'aprile del 1872 a Roma e che vide la riunificazione dei vari centri massonici della penisola. Campanella fu eletto Gran maestro onorario e lasciò la direzione della massoneria palermitana al nuovo Gran maestro del Grande Oriente d'Italia Giuseppe Mazzoni.
Se hai necessità di assistenza, vuoi vendere o certificare un autografo, o semplicemente non hai trovato quello che stavi cercando, contattaci.<|endoftext|>我们在赌博的时候最怕遇到什么？相信大多数人的回答应该都是出千。没错，玩赌博的玩家从来不怕自己运气不好或者是技不如人，就害怕遇到赌博千术。
千术随着赌博的出现就跟着出现，赌博走到哪里千术就跟到哪里，有什么样的赌博就有什么样的千术，可谓如孪生兄弟一般。要想赌博，必须要懂得有哪些赌博千术，懂千术并不是为了出千，而是为了防止被别人出千，正所谓知己知彼方能百战不殆。
1、洗牌：像正常人玩牌的洗牌手法，按需求可以单单将上半局部牌洗不乱，又或将全手牌洗不乱都可以，但别人看起来却是洗得很乱了，这是最根本的。
2、切牌：在少数人玩时，在洗好的整手牌中做个记号，然后给别人切牌，再自已把牌切回原来的一样，又或那个去切牌的人本身就是托儿。
3、揭色：也就是打点，以此来却肯定从那一家开头发第一张牌，假设庄家是原先已叠好牌的，这揭色是最重要的一环。
4、叠牌：本地叫夹牌，庄家将上一次开过的牌，在收牌时用别人不经意的动作，将牌按自已的需求预先排好。
以上就是一些民间常见的。其他牌游戏的千术手法也差不多大致相同，玩家们在赌博游戏时千万要注意。<|endoftext|>Arachnoiditis describes a pain disorder caused by the inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the spinal cord.
Arachnoid in the human body is responsible for surrounding and protecting the nerves present in the spinal cords, and arachnoiditis is a pain disorder which is caused when this arachnoid gets inflamed.
A person experiencing arachnoiditis will feel severe stinging, burning pain and neurological problems. Arachnoiditis is a chronic, insidious inflammatory reaction that you experience. This reaction is caused due to the arachnoid matter of your spinal meninges and intrathecal neural elements which cause debilitating, intractable pain, and also neurological problems. Yes, this disease is pretty rare and the real reason behind the problem is not fully known.
You are at the risk of your arachnoid getting inflamed due to one of the following causes:
• If you experience a direct injury to your spine.
• Chemical dye used in myelograms has been blamed for causing arachnoiditis. Myelograms are diagnostic tests where a dye called radiographic contrast media is injected into the area which is surrounding the spinal cord and the nerves.
• You could get infected from bacteria or viruses, such as viral and fungal meningitis or tuberculosis, thus troubling your spine.
• Compression to your spinal nerves which is caused by chronic degenerative disc disease or advanced spinal stenosis.
• Facing complications from spinal surgery or other invasive spinal procedures can also be another cause.
There is no particular pattern to the symptoms of Arachnoiditis. In most people it affects the nerves that are connecting to your lower back and your legs. It has been found that the most common symptom is pain; however you could also face the following symptoms:
• You could experience tingling, numbness and even weakness in your legs.
• You may feel sensations that may feel like insects are crawling on your skin, sometimes you may also feel like water is trickling down your leg.
• Patients could also experience terrible pain and this could be similar to electric shock sensation.
• You could also experience muscle cramps, spasms and uncontrollable twitching.
• You could also have problems in bladder or bowel movements, and even sexual problems.
It has been found that with the progression of the disease the symptoms could become more severe and sometimes can become permanent. People suffering from arachnoiditis are unable to work, and it they tend to suffer significantly getting pushed to the verge of disability as they are in constant pain.
Image Source: gettyimages.in
Read more articles on Arachnoiditis.
All possible measures have been taken to ensure accuracy, reliability, timeliness and authenticity of the information; however Onlymyhealth.com does not take any liability for the same. Using any information provided by the website is solely at the viewers’ discretion. In case of any medical exigencies/ persistent health issues, we advise you to seek a qualified medical practitioner before putting to use any advice/tips given by our team or any third party in form of answers/comments on the above mentioned website.<|endoftext|>(19-)
同乡，再兼着姻亲的身份，平日里更是相交莫逆，若说这长沙幕府里有谁人最为了解洪承畴的话，那么黄志遴若说第二，便再没有人敢说是第一了。
相交多年，不谈当年剿灭流寇，只说是清军入关以来，洪承畴这已经是第二次出任地方了。但是，比之当年的“不招抚必不能平贼”、“不真剿必不能成真抚”，这一次再度履任，大权在握，不受掣肘，更可以随意安插亲信于地方、军中，可是洪承畴在朝中遍阅奏折、到了湖广后会见官员、体察情状，拿出来的却仅仅是“以守为战”而已。
如此保守，说到底还是今时不同往日。想当年，八旗军刚刚入关，兵锋极盛，各部绿营也都是刚刚转投清廷，自效之心迫切。而明军那边，弘光朝覆灭、潞王监国不战而降、就连鲁监国朝和隆武朝也没办法对江南造成什么威胁。
他虽然只有江南一地的权柄，而且还要受制于亲贵，更要承受着剃发令的负面影响，但是单凭着一己之力，在赴任短短两月间便先后招抚了江南宁国、徽州，江西南昌、南康、九江、瑞州、抚州、饶州、临江、吉安、广信、建昌、袁州诸府。包括大顺军的泽侯田见秀、义侯张鼐，弘光朝的河北、陕西、河南总督张缙彦，以及崇明总兵高进忠的将帅。
除此之外，于他在任期间，隆武朝兵部右侍郎兼都察院右都御史，徽、宁、池、太巡抚金声募乡兵十余万，以徽宁四塞天险，各山置十三营，守以十三副将，又以绩溪一面当冲自任守之，再派重兵扼丛山关，多次邀击清军。洪承畴命固山额真叶臣、提督张天禄、总兵卜从善、李仲兴、刘泽泳等攻之，连破十余寨，攻克绩溪，夺取徽州，俘杀金声其人。
隆武朝内阁首辅大臣黄道周北伐，为其歼灭；瑞昌王朱谊泐、总兵朱君召等合谋突袭南京，为其所破；就连郑芝龙降清，里面也不乏有洪承畴的运筹。
招抚江南短短两年，江南已经不复再有能够直接威胁到清廷统治的抵抗势力。可是这一次，他们要面对的却是盘踞云贵、拥兵十数万的秦王孙可望，两蹶名王、横行两广的西宁王李定国，现在还多了个背靠郑氏集团，惊才绝艳的巡抚陈凯，以及诸如夔东明军、粤西明军之流的各派系明军，纸面实力上比他之强不弱，早已不复为当年的那般情状了。
“亨九，你担心的是李定国和那海寇合流？”
洪承畴只一开口，黄志遴已然想明白了这其中的关窍。这，并非是他真的有什么看透人心的能力，只是这段时间下来，洪承畴的主要运筹，都是针对孙可望以及清廷控制区内部的。于李定国，是要依仗定南藩的线国安把守桂林，而广东的明军则要凭尚可喜和耿继茂的存在。现在尚耿二藩尽没，李定国和陈凯实现了合作，这在南明素来不同派系之间尽是内斗的过往之中，实在是开了一个对清廷非常不利的头，洪承畴的担忧自然也会是在这个新的突破口上。
“湖广周边的贼寇当中，孙可望的实力最强，周家铺一战后虽说是消停了些时日，但是近来似乎也有蠢蠢欲动的趋势；李定国那边，前年肇庆兵败，在桂林也无功而返，老夫倒是派人去劝说过一次，只当是聊胜于无了，结果转过年就又去了广东。”
“此二人，此前都是对朝廷威胁极大的，但也都有着不小的短板，那就是前者不擅长临阵指挥；后者没有稳固的后勤供给。孙李和，老夫不过是来待死罢了，这是硬实力上的差距，以及大势。人力再强，也抗不过大势所趋，老夫有千般手段也只会事倍功半。如今，倒是天佑大清，这二贼不和，势同水火。可偏偏出了一个陈凯……”
没有直言对错，但洪承畴的说法已经肯定了黄志�
|
8,549 | 6 | 2 |
10月31日讯，阿里巴巴集团（NYSE:BABA）将于11月1日美国股市开盘以前公布该集团的2020财年第二季度财报。在上一个财季，这家中国电商巨头的盈利较华尔街分析师预期高出了22%。 美国投资研究公司Zacks近日在其网站上发文称，从以往历史来看，阿里巴巴业绩超出预期的表现一直都是不错的。
2017年7月14日 Amarin Corporation plc是一家生物制药公司，专注于在美国治疗心血管疾病 我 认为从库存方面看到某种好处更好，更高的净价格和处方顺序增长的好处更为现实。 研究报告中，Amarin Corporation PLC（纳斯达克股票代码：AMRN）由Zacks 甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平一样情感作为冠心病的预测因子。
壳牌石油(rds a)最近一个交易日收于61 81美元，较前一交易日下跌0 75%。这一变化比标准普尔500指数当天下跌1 32%的范围窄。其他方面，道琼
6 days ago For the full year, our Zacks Consensus Estimates are projecting earnings of $0.03 per share and revenue of $665.69 million, which would
There’s good news and some bad news said Amarin Corporation ( AMRN)to investors today, using the carrot and the stick approach.. The maker of the fish oil drug Vascepa released positive preliminary sales outlook for 2019, which appear likely to reach the top or possibly slightly higher end of management’s guidance ($425 million). Zacks投研还预估，TJX公司2018财年销售额将在387.4-396.6亿美元之间。 净利润预估则是108.9亿美元-112.2亿美元。 这个数据大概是什么规模呢?要知道，2018年丁磊给网易严选定的目标是GMV翻三倍，增加到200亿元，TJX接近400亿美元的销售额几乎等于13个网易严选。 北京时间今日凌晨，英特尔公布了2017第三季度财报。今年q1与q2的良好势头得到了延续，本季度净利与净利率双双创下2014年以来的新记录。每股盈余 SMM5月22日讯：据Zacks网站报道，南方铜业在不断增加低成本生产和增长型投资的支持下，2019年产量有望保持高增长。不过由于目前的铜价疲软，再加上南铜自身的高负债都会对公司的表现造成一定影响。 南铜扩张正在稳步进行 阿里q2财报前瞻：收购考拉可能推动营收增长，但盈利或不及预期 巨额投资、国际形势和其他地缘政治风险、竞争激烈，以及国内外电商市场的增长 根据公开消息显示，加拿大顶峰零售品牌之一的加拿大鹅将于2019年8月14日，公布其2020年首一财季业绩报告。 如是华尔街预测的话则是，加拿大鹅q1营收将会增长，但是利润将会同比较去年下降。 目前的每股盈利预测为-0.22美元，即下一季度的收入为7,731.1万美元，而本财年的收入为31.6亿美元，为0.82美元。 投资者应该注意到行业前景也会对股票的表现产生重大影响这一事实。就Zacks行业排名而言，石油和天然气 - 钻探目前在250多个Zacks行业中排名前35%。
壳牌石油库存变动0.75％-石油资源动态-石油资源-国际石油网
壳牌石油(rds a)最近一个交易日收于61 81美元，较前一交易日下跌0 75%。这一变化比标准普尔500指数当天下跌1 32%的范围窄。其他方面，道琼 Illumina(ILMN)在最新交易时段收于339 15美元，较上一交易日上涨+ 0 97%。这一变化超过了当天标准普尔500指数0 2%的跌幅。与此同时，道琼 全球最大的中文搜索引擎、致力于让网民更便捷地获取信息，找到所求。百度超过千亿的中文网页数据库 安德玛一季度报告显示：库存降至三年最低 2019年05月05日 8:41:32 编辑：麦婷婷 来源： 无时尚中文网 尽管北美销售持续衰退，但是受益超预期的季度业绩并上调全年盈利预测，Under Armour Inc. (NYSE:UA) (NYSE:UAA) 安德玛股价在放榜后 一度 暴涨近一成，创近半年最大<|endoftext|>St. James is the Oldest, Continuously Operating School in Chicago
St. James began as a School Society by a small group of German immigrants in 1857. They occupied as many as five buildings in the Lincoln Park neighborhood between their beginning and settling onto the corner of what is now Dickens and Fremont in 1905.
During these early years they called Pastors as their school teachers to assure that the word of God was a primary consideration in the instruction of their children. By 1869 enough families lived on this edge of the city (the northern boundary was present day Fullerton Ave.) that they formed their own congregation known as St. Jacobi (St. James in German).
The beginning of the 20th century brought an explosion of immigration to Chicago and St. James prospered by incorporating these new families from Europe into the surrounding neighborhood expanding the school student population to 325 by 1920.
This unchecked growth fell into decline after WWII as the movement to the suburbs attracted many families away from the urban area. By 1970 the student enrollment had declined to 109 and only one in ten students were members of the St. James congregation.
Not to be deterred, this small group of faithful congregants committed to operating a school reached out to the new population of African Americans moving into the near north side resulting in a small but stable student population. After adding a kindergarten program in the mid 1970s St. James was seen as a progressive, multi-cultural, inner-city school.
As the neighborhood began its ascent toward gentrification the congregation added a preschool classroom and an after school program for the families with working parents. By the mid 1990s the school population had climbed back to a respectable student population of 130.
Currently, we feature five early childhood classrooms, an elementary division consisting of grades 1-4, and a departmentalized middle school that graduates students to Chicago’s best high schools. With a middle school sized gym on the fourth floor and a student library with over 2,000 volumes, St. James has grown to be the best value for an education with a Christian worldview in the city of Chicago.<|endoftext|>Neil Armstrong said, “We went to the moon on world war two technology.”
It’s tempting to assume that he meant the technology that Von Braun had developed, the V2 rocket. This had been adapted by both the USA and the USSR, and quickly developed into technology for delivering nuclear weapons.
It’s remarkable to me that only 25 years separates the first V2 fired on London and the first landing on the moon, and 40 years have passed since then. The moon landing seemed, at the time, to be of another age from what I then knew of the war. That so much had been accomplished in such a short time suggested that by 2001 we would be dancing around the outer planets.
Rocket technology, which with the V2 had been little more than an expensive way of delivering a small amount of high explosive, had suddenly become a viable means of delivering nuclear weapons. This had surprised sceptics who had assumed that 1. nuclear bombs would remain physically huge and heavy and 2. that the problems of automatic guidance over intercontinental distances would be too difficult.
Electronics, which had previously only meant radio, had now spun off into a variety of other areas. Radar, control electronics used in guidance systems and numerous types of navigation system.
Even the digital computer had its roots in wartime code breaking technology. Although this information was not common knowledge in 1969.
Strictly speaking, the transistor is absent from the wartime development list. But even this had its origins in work done at the Bell labs in support of radar. Semiconductor diodes were developed in wartime and by 1947, based on this research, the transistor was developed.
Pilots like Armstrong had flown high performance jet aircraft and were trained in the sciences.
Space medicine had grown out of wartime studies, with data gathered in shameful experiments on prisoners in Germany and Japan. Yet the data was useful, and it did contribute to the knowledge base that marked the beginnings of space medicine.
Numerous technologies: precision engineering of gyroscopes, electro-optics, magnetic tape recording, these were all wartime developments. They had all been the subjects of intense development in the guided missile race that commenced as soon as WW2 was over. These developments were relatively mature by the time Kennedy made his first announcement about a moon landing in 1961.
In order to reach the moon, ‘state of the art technology’ would be used. This expression became a euphemism for the hottest technology going. In its original form it was meant to indicate a measure of caution. State of the art meant the design of the space craft would be based on existing techniques. Nothing in Apollo would be dependent on technologies unproven and propulsion, structures, electronics, and re-entry systems had already been used in existing missile systems.
Despite the commitment to 'state of the art', there was left an enormous challenge, the need to coordinate the numerous companies that manufactured the Apollo spacecraft and systems. Many different companies would be used and all must work together to make a single, common system. This was quite unlike the typical aircraft build process back then. Airframe manufacturers were used to working in splendid isolation. As long as they could make all their bits fit together, and accommodate the engine and electronics, they could complete a structure in any way they saw fit. Aircraft manufacture was like low volume, luxury car making, expensive and very labour intensive. It was dependent, not on rigorously defined engineering processes, but on skilled craftsmen who tailoring the pieces together. All that would change for Apollo where different suppliers had to separately produce different parts of a tightly meshing system.
The Manhattan project, the wartime effort to produce the atomic bomb, had involved 130,000 people and cost, by today’s prices, an estimated 22 billion dollars. An international development, carried out in great secrecy, had successfully produced a weapon of unprecedented power. Kennedy and his contemporaries had seen what American science and industry could achieve when it set its collective mind to it.
Apollo would eventually employ over 400,000 people and numerous technology firms and academic bodies. Aside from its technical legacy it provided, at the time, a huge boost to an economy that was in recession. But this didn’t come cheap, it cost around $25 billion, or $145 billion in present day terms.
The legacy was an aircraft industry which achieved immense technical capability, working to hugely increased quality and production standards. It would subsequently decimate its European competitors and secure a technical lead that is still maintained 40 years on. European manufacturers eventually caught up in most areas, but it took much longer for them to recognise the need for the processes and standards that Apollo had demanded of the American aerospace industry way back in the sixties.
Apollo cost the US taxpayer plenty. Money up in smoke? I’m sure there were plenty who said so at the time. The tradition of public spending to jump start an economy, as used by Hitler with his public works program of the 1930s, is seen by some as backdoor socialism. The money spent on weapons, which gravitates towards a different set of rich capitalists, tends to be seen differently. With Apollo, the money trickled down and energised the economy, and consolidated a technical lead that the USA had made its first down payments on in WW2. It paid off with what Tom Hanks called, The exquisite achievement of landing a man on the moon, but it’s carried on paying back in jobs and capability ever since.
Now, at last, we have moved out of the long shadow of WW2, finally we are developing technologies which have only a tenuous connection to those started back then. The elements of our age, what Arthur C. Clarke called the Total Comm. Age, would have seemed incredible (in 1942) even to a visionary like Clarke. We haven’t made it to the outer planets, but things that are now essentials did not even have names back then, (the Internet is but one of them) and that is pretty amazing.
We have another great legacy of Apollo, the knowledge that when it gets the opportunity, science and engineering can quickly accomplish incredible things, and not just in the field of weapons of mass destruction. Yes, we needed to know that too.<|endoftext|>Pain Management: Neck and Shoulder Pain
Neck and shoulderpain can be classified in many different ways. Some people experience only neck pain or only shoulder pain, while others experience pain in both areas.
What Causes Neck Pain?
Causes of neck pain include:
- Abnormalities in the bone or joints
- Poor posture
- Degenerative diseases
- Muscle strain
What Causes Shoulder Pain?
The shoulder is a ball and socket joint with a large range of movement. Such a mobile joint tends to be more susceptible to injury. Shoulder pain can stem from one or more of the following causes:
- Strains from overexertion
- Tendonitis from overuse
- Shoulder joint instability
- Collar or upper arm bone fractures
- Frozen shoulder
- Pinched nerves (also called radiculopathy)
How Are Neck and Shoulder Pain Diagnosed?
- X-rays: Plain X-rays can reveal narrowing of the space between two spinal bones, arthritis-like diseases, tumors, slipped discs, narrowing of the spinal canal, fractures and instability of the spinal column.
- MRI:Magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive procedure that can reveal the detail of neural (nerve-related) elements, as well as problems with the tendons and ligaments.
- Myelography/CT scanning: Sometimes used as an alternative to MRI.
- Electrodiagnostic studies:Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) are sometimes used to diagnose neck and shoulder pain, arm pain, numbness and tingling.
How Are Neck and Shoulder Pain Treated?
The treatment of soft tissue neck and shoulder pain often includes the use of anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve or Naprosyn). Pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) may also be recommended. Depending on the source of pain, drugs like muscle relaxers and even antidepressants might be helpful. Pain also may be treated with a local application of moist heat or ice. Local corticosteroid injection is often helpful for arthritis of the shoulder. For both neck and shoulder pain movement, exercises may help. For cases in which nerve roots or the spinal cord are involved, surgical procedures may be necessary. Your doctor can tell you what is the best course of treatment for you.<|endoftext|>Anxiety can be a crippling condition, or a milder feature of another disorder. Either way, the effects of anxiety are significant. Often, anxiety goes untreated and can be rationalised as ‘normal’ or ‘transient’. This can occur in relation to specific objects or things such as in phobias, social situations, or more generally and often. Anxiety disorders can also develop into panic, which involves exaggerated and abrupt feelings of intense fear or intense discomfort.
If anxiety forms part of another condition, it can often co-occur (i.e. exist as a separate condition alongside another condition such as depression), or more commonly it can indicate that something else is going on behind the scenes. This is often the case in individuals who have experienced trauma, and in these cases, anxiety is often the outward expression of internal distress and discomfort relating to stress, trauma or adversity to name a few.
For more information about anxiety treatment, get in touch with us today<|endoftext|>The crust makes up only 0.5 % of the Earth's total mass and can be subdivided into two main parts, continental and oceanic. Both differ in thickness, density and composition. Although oceanic crust covers approximately 61 % of the Earth's surface, it only comprises some 30 % of the crustal mass, as the continental crust is much thicker.
The continental crust ranges from the surface of the Earth down to 30 km - 50 km. The exposed parts of the continental crust are less dense than oceanic crust (this is because oceanic crust contains minerals rich in heavier elements such as iron and magnesium). However, continental crust appears to be stratified (layered) and becomes denser with depth. It is largely composed of volcanic, sedimentary and granitic rocks, although the older areas are dominated by metamorphic rocks.
The continental crust can be divided into:
1.Stable continental regions (e.g. Precambrian cratons, platforms of undeformed sediments on crystalline basements)
Thickness: 35 km - 45 km
Density: 2.69 gm/cm3 - 2.74 gm/cm3 for the upper crust and 3.0 gm/cm3 - 3.25 gm/cm3 for the lower crust.
- Upper Crust (sial): felsic igneous and metamorphic rocks. Average composition close to that of either a mafic granodiorite or quartz diorite.
- Lower Crust (sima): anhydrous (no water) - quartz andesite or andesite; hydrous - amphibolite or diorite
2. Tectonically active regions (e.g. the Andes, Himalayas)
Thickness: 55 km - 70 km
Composition: varies from region to region but may consist of any of the following:
- mafic rocks
- ultramafic, mafic and felsic-intermediate rocks
The oceanic crust ranges from the surface of the Earth down to 10 km - 12 km. The oceanic crust can be divided into:
- Ocean basins:
water depth exceeds 4 km, layered and very uniform and consists of three distinctive layers:
- Layer 1: thickness of < 1 km; deep water sediments in various stages of lithification (turning into rock), commonly foraminiferal ooze, chert and mudstone.
- Layer 2: thickness of 1.6 km - 2 km; basalts and dolerites with pillow lavas, dykes and sills (i.e. volcanic extrusive and intrusive rocks).
- Layer 3: thickness of 3.0 km - 5.7 km; the main crustal layer; dolerite, gabbro and amphibolite (i.e. intrusive mafic rocks).
- Layer 3B: thickness is variable but up to 3 km; not always present; metagabbros and pyroxenites (i.e. intrusive mafic and ultramafic rocks).
- Mid-ocean ridges
In mid-ocean ridges (such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge), Layer 1 is absent
|
8,549 | 6 | 3 |
�的貿易政策給這個汽車巨頭帶來了損失。該公司曾表示，今年早些時候徵收的鋼鐵關稅已使其損失了10億美元。<|endoftext|>Bras might soon be the next weapon against breast cancer.
Reno-based First Warning Systems has created a bra designed to detect the growth of cancerous breast cells.
The non-invasive breast tissue-screening bra is fitted with small integrated sensors which track the temperature of the breasts of its wearer. These sensors are connected to a controller which number crunches the data to detect possible tissue abnormality and the early growth of cancerous cells.
Three major clinical trials claim the First Warning Systems bra is more accurate than mammograms – the bra has an accuracy of 90% compared with 70% for mammograms. The bra is also capable of detecting cancerous growth years before conventional methods. The bra is waiting for approval for use in the US and could be available in Europe as early as 2013.<|endoftext|>Flavio Briatore applaude il governo per la Flat Tax e a chi ha commenti negativi ricorda che di "in Italia di poveri ce ne sono già abbastanza"
L'Agenzia delle Entrate stabilisce una imposta forfettaria di 100mila euro per invitare i Paperoni stranieri a spostare la residenza in Italia
Nel Canton Svitto sta per tenersi un referendum che mira a introdurre una tassa fissa e uguale per tutti sui redditi
Come cambia il fisco per i professionisti, lavoratori autonomi e Partite IVA<|endoftext|>Giovanna Savant
Lanzo Torinese, 13/10/1971
Giovanna Savant ha conseguito il titolo di Dottoressa di ricerca in Studi politici all’Università degli Studi di Torino nel 2009. Ha collaborato al volume a cura di A. D’Orsi, Bibliografia gramsciana ragionata. I. 1922-1965 (Viella, Roma 2008) e ha pubblicato alcuni saggi sul pensiero politico di Antonio Gramsci apparsi in volumi collettanei e su rivista.
PUBBLICAZIONI<|endoftext|>Frequently Asked Questions
12. What is a CT scan?
The most commonly used imaging procedure is the computed tomography or CT scan, also known as a “CAT” scan. A CT scan is comprised of a series of cross-sectional images of the head and brain. Because it is readily available at all hours at most major hospitals, produces images quickly, and is good for ruling out hemorrhage prior to starting thrombolytic therapy, CT is the most widely used diagnostic imaging technique for acute stroke.
A CT scan may show evidence of early ischemia – an area of tissue that is dead or dying due to a loss of blood supply. Ischemic strokes generally show up on a CT scan about six to eight hours after the start of stroke symptoms.<|endoftext|>A PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is different from a PCR test. Dr. Kary Mullis, the inventor of the PCR differentiates the PCR from the PCR tests (the standard test we’re currently using to detect COVID). PCR is a process of making a tiny bit of something and making a whole lot more out of it. He also explicitly states that the PCR does not tell you if you’re sick and does not tell you if what you have is going to make you sick. He said so himself that the PCR tests should not be used as a diagnostic test to determine false or positive test results. Unfortunately, he died from pneumonia just before this COVID outbreak. I can’t imagine what he would have to say about the PCR tests today.
“A case is when someone gets sick from a disease. That’s completely different from a positive test.” - Dr. Tim O’Shea. Positive tests of COVID from PCR tests are not cases. I repeat. A positive test for COVID is not a diagnosis. “The PCR test does not mean that anyone is sick. It just means that in the past there was a viral infection but it has probably been removed now.” Dr. Richard Ennos. Again! A positive test for COVID-19 from a PCR test is not a case. Our governments and media are reporting it otherwise and locking us down with blatant misinformation.
Dr. Thomas Cowan explained how to manipulate the COVID crisis through the RT PCR tests that we’re currently using to test for COVID. The PCR is using an RNA sequence of a coronavirus that is believed to be unique from the rest and they amplify it. What that means is that if you have one sequence of it in your blood they stimulate it by making a copy. Then a copy of that copy and so on until it can be detected. In the 35th cycle, it is too small to see. In the 36th cycle, you start to see it but you get some false negatives even though we don’t have anything to compare it to. In the 37th cycle, 5% of the positives are with people who have symptoms so that’s the magic number. However, if you amplify it 40x you get a lot more positives. If you amplify it 60x you will get a positive 100% of the time. This means that 100% of us have this RNA sequence that they are looking for. It is somewhere inside our bodies already we only need to amplify it enough to find it. We don’t know how many false positives and negatives there are because COVID-19 is a novelty virus and we have nothing to compare it to. All biological tests have false positives so if a false-positive rate is 1% and we test 30 million people that’s 300 000 people who will, by definition, test positive and BOOM! Epidemic. Control the amplification cycles and you can control the numbers we use to measure “spread”. Want fewer numbers? Put it through 35 cycles again and give credit to a cure or vaccine or policy or politician. That is how you can manufacture a pandemic using a PCR that is not designed to give a diagnosis.
So the question that will haunt me at night is this: Why are we all waiting for a vaccine against an RNA sequence that we all inherently posess? This vaccine is the first of its kind, it’s an mRNA vaccine. It’s going after DNA. Two women already developed spinal cord injuries from the trials. It has been said that there is going to be ink involved so that there will be proof that the vaccine was administered. New passports are being developed to include this vaccine and that ink is supposed to act like a tattoo of proof that can be seen under ultraviolet light. This does not sound like these vaccines will be voluntary. Can’t travel without it. Two rounds this vaccine requires according to Bill Gates. Three if you’re a senior. The man open about population control is the one obsessed with vaccines. I don’t trust him. I don’t trust it. I don’t trust this. I don’t trust anything right now.
The job of a reporter is to tell you the story, show you evidence and then let you decide. You do not get that from mainstream media. This is why most of us prefer independents online. This isn’t special, the clip below but it’s how reporting used to be. Just wanted to throw it out there because people seem to have a problem with people like me who don’t watch fake news. First of all, I’m not a boomer. I get everything from the internet. Cable is expensive as fuck. I do know what is going on in the mainstream media though, doesn’t make me out of touch but it is absolute garbage. Currently, it’s just an endless fear campaign about COVID because a 74-year-old man with underlying conditions beat it in three days and the whole world saw it for themselves. It would be hardpressed to find somebody who doesn’t agree that the COVID responses did far more damage than COVID did. We can’t substitute reality with rhetoric.
Governor Ron Desantis of Florida recognized this problem with the PCR tests. He rejected the lockdowns and denounced it and said that he will never do it again. So apparently, there are reasonable people in politics after all. There is hope.<|endoftext|>Q: Are Prajapati in the Vedas and God the Father in the Old Testament the same?
A: This is a really interesting question, and not one that can be answered easily. In rough, general terms, they are definitely alike: both are designated as the creator of the universe. Prajapati is the creator of the world in the Vedas (as well as later Hindu scriptures), and God the Father is creator of the world according to the Old Testament.
Nevertheless, there are also significant differences that we need to take into account before we go too far in making the identification. First of all, we realize that “Prajapati” is essentially a title, rather than the designation of a specific personal deity. It means, “Lord of Creatures,” and it is applied to a number of individual gods in the early Vedas, particularly Indra, Agni, Savitri, and Purusha. In later Vedic writing, the title does become more and more focused on one individual personality that eventually emerges as the god Brahma, the one popularly known as “the Creator,” depicted with four heads in the iconography.
So, we see right away that there is a main difference between Prajapati and God in the Old Testament. Throughout the biblical scriptures, “God the Father” has only one referent, the one personal God who made himself known as Yahweh among the ancient Hebrews. He is the singular, personal creator, who also sustains and guides his creatures. It does not matter where we look in the Old Testament, if God is being spoken of, he is the subject of discussion. This feature makes him different from the somewhat diffuse, changing designation of Prajapati in the Vedic conception.
Second, there is a real difference in the way in which Prajapati and God the Father are understood in their respective functions as creator. Again, let us look at Prajapati first. With him, we never quite get away from the notion that the creator is in some ways identical with his creation. Take the deity Purusha, one of the early gods bearing the title of Prajapati. Purusha, which literally means “human being,” is known as a great god, and as such he bears the marks of transcendence from the world: a thousand heads and a thousand eyes. Now, when Purusha creates the world, he does so out of his own body. He presents himself as a sacrifice, and at the climax of this ceremony, the human
race emerges from his remains. This act of generation takes place in four categories as designated by the caste system: the highest (Brahmin) caste materializes from his head, followed by the Kshatriyas from his thorax, the Vaishyas from his abdomen, and the Shudras from his feet. The point is that at one and the same time Purusha is not only the creator, but he is also the essential building material of his creation. This is a pattern that remains for the concept of Prajapati; there is no clear line of distinction between the creator and creation.
Similarly, at the same time when the office of Prajapati became known as the characteristic function of the god Brahma, this god did not enjoy complete contrast to his creation either. For Brahma is lastly himself one of the emanations of Brahman, the ultimate reality of being. Brahma creates in the sense that he “fashions” something that already exists, but he does not ultimately bring the universe into being because true being (Brahman) can neither not-exist nor be brought into existence. For that matter, he himself is a part of this order of being. So, again, Prajapati as Brahma is not a creator who is absolutely distinct from his creation.
This feature, then, highlights the second difference between Prajapati and God the Father. In the biblical view, God the Father is the direct creator of all that exists. Before creation there was only God; then God spoke and the universe came into being. He did not create the world out of his own substance, nor is he in any way identical with the things he created. The world is dependent on him, but he is not dependent on the world. If he wished to do so, he could simply let everything he created slip back into non-being, but he himself would be just as much God as always. This point does not prevent God from actively working within the world, but it means that he is completely autonomous from his creation.
So, these are two important difference between Prajapati in the Vedas and God the Father in the Old Testament: Prajapati is a title that is at various times given to different gods, while God the Father always refers to one and the same God, and Prajapati is not held as strictly separate from his creation as God the Father always is.
These two points deserve a lot of thought. Creation implies ownership. In the normal course of events, if you make something, then it belongs to you, and you would not want to simply give up your title to it. If God created us, then he has a claim of ownership on us, and we would be amiss to ascribe creation to someone or something else let alone to classify him with the very creatures he has made. In the New Testament, the origin of human sinfulness is described this way: “They worshiped the things God made but not the Creator himself.” (Romans 1:25) I trust that as you are thinking about the creator, you are also taking into account the responsibility we have to acknowledge him and worship him alone.<|endoftext|>Often, there is one subject in school that you struggle to master. But with enough effort, plus some smart strategies, you can learn to succeed in that subject – whether it’s math, English, physics, history, or anything else.
1Ask yourself challenging questions. Struggling to retrieve information, even if you think you don’t know the answer, actually helps you to develop your power of recall.
- When reading a textbook, turn first to the questions as the end of the chapter and try to answer them. Then, answer them again to yourself as you are reading. A few days later, return to the questions one more time to test your recollection of the material.
- Before searching for an answer on the internet, pause and try to generate an answer for yourself.
- When you sit down to study, ask yourself: what have we learned about this week? What are the big ideas that I’m supposed to learn? Refresh your mind before you even open a book or notebook.
2Restate material in your own words. Translating what you've learned into your own words is a useful test of whether you're absorbing the material. And, it helps to cement it in your mind.
- After you’ve done a section of reading or listened to a lecture, put it aside. Take out a clean sheet of paper and write down the main points of what you’ve learned. Don’t look back at the original: the idea is to solidify your own understanding.
- You can practice this while reading complicated text. Pause every page or so, and try to restate the gist in your mind. If you can’t do it, it means you’re not absorbing anything while you read!
3Break your study sessions up. Don’t try to cram for ten hours straight: instead, do one or two hours every day. Test your memory briefly at the end of each session by asking yourself what you’ve just learned or running through test questions or flashcards.
4Switch off between the difficult subject and other subjects. This is called “interweaving”: you study one subject for a couple of hours, then turn to an entirely different subject. It might feel more challenging in the moment, as if you’re starting from square one each time you pick up the next subject. In the long run, though, you will absorb much more information.
5Change locations. Study in a library one day, and a café the next. Learning the same material in different locations helps to anchor it more firmly in your mind.
6Practice, practice, practice. Do the practice problems at the end of the textbook chapter, even if they’re not assigned. Whereas homework problems can look overwhelming, working your way through drill problems can build familiarity and confidence: this is called practicing in a low-stakes environment. Check your answers to get immediate feedback.
7Leave time to revisit your work. Aim to finish essays or problem sets ahead of time, and then go over them again the next day with fresh eyes.
- If you struggle with writing, try reading your work out loud. Listen to yourself: do your words make sense? Reading an essay backwards can reveal typos.
Getting the Most Out of the Class
1Follow the assignments carefully. Most courses are designed to guide you, step by step, through a subject. If you have a syllabus, read it closely and try to follow its directions and suggestions. In other classes, pay attention to the calendar of assignments. Otherwise, you might find yourself trying to tackle an impossible task at the end of the term.
- Don’t skip class. In class, focus on understanding what’s being said rather than writing every word down in your notes.
- Don’t try to multitask in class. Close any distractions such as e-mail or social media. This kind of multitasking undermines your learning.
- Attend any extra test-preparation or study sessions offered.
- Complete all the assignments in order and on time. Take on suggested reading or supplementary problems if possible.
2Study with friends. Sometimes, you may overestimate how easy everyone else finds a particular class or subject. Studying with friends can offer moral support. In addition, you may understand a particular concept better if you hear someone else explain it.
- Talk with your study group about what confuses you. Articulating the problem is frequently the first step to solving it.
- Choose a study group that suits you. You want a group where you can learn, but not feel overwhelmed or intimidated.
- Be especially careful not to rely too heavily on friends who find the subject easy. In the end, you will need to learn the material thoroughly for yourself.
3Explain the material to someone who isn’t in your class. Talk to a roommate, a friend, or a sibling, and try to teach them the subject to the best of your ability.
- Grab a whiteboard or large piece of paper so that you can sketch out concepts.
4Seek out different ways of absorbing material. Learning the same material through different modes can increase retention. If a particular style of learning appeals to you, make studying more pleasant by finding multiple ways to learn through that style.
- If you learn well by listening to someone explain something, try looking up online lectures or demonstrations on the topics that confuse you.
- Go to the library and check out another textbook on the topic. Does this one explain it in a way that is easier to understand?
- If there are multiple sections or recitations for the class, check them all out. Some teachers will be a better fit for you than others.
- Is there a movie or novel that relates to your difficult subject? Set aside some time for it. A dry history textbook might be more engaging after you’ve watched a movie set in the same time and place, for example.
5Get to know your teacher. Visit office hours and ask questions. Don’t be afraid: your teacher wants to help you understand. Be prepared to explain what you’ve done to figure out the answers on your own, and where you got stuck: this will help your teacher to see that you’re trying hard and it might help them to understand what’s causing you trouble.
6Find out if you have
|
8,549 | -1 | 0 |
in the March 2021 issue of Smithsonian Magazine. She is a member of the Washington Library’s 2021-22 class of research fellows.<|endoftext|>初中历史人教部编版九年级下册第十六课冷战练习题
一、单选题
冷战格局是人类社会在应对现代性矛盾和危机过程中依据不同的政治理念追求不同的发展目标所导致的制度性裂变。”材料认为“冷战格局”形成的主要原因是（）
A.
社会制度与意识形态差异
B.
战时同盟解体
C.
美苏两国争夺世界霸权
D.
国家实力变化
二战结束后，英国、法国等传统欧洲强国遭到严重削弱，丧失大量殖民地，失去对亚非拉广大地区的控制，美国、苏联迅速填补了这些区域的权力空白，形成了两强相争的局面。材料主要体现了(
)
A.
英、法实力削弱
B.
政治格局的改变
C.
“冷战”全面开始
D.
欧洲走向一体化
历史漫画蕴含着丰富的历史信息...<|endoftext|>La legittima difesa non è invocabile da parte di colui che accetti una sfida o si ponga volontariamente in una situazione di pericolo dalla quale è prevedibile o ragionevole attendersi che derivi la necessità di difendersi dall’altrui aggressione.
La legittima difesa viene di regola esclusa in caso di rissa (per tutte, cfr. Cass. 22 novembre 1982, n.11092), posto che i partecipanti sono spinti da un reciproco intento aggressivo e quindi non si trovano nella medesima condizione di chi non possa tempestivamente invocare il soccorso dell’Autorità, per la semplice ragione che concorrono essi stessi a creare un pericolo che sarebbe stato in loro potere non originare, non rivolgendo o non accogliendo l’invito a battersi.
Coloro che partecipano ad una rissa rinunciano alla protezione giuridica e non rivestono alcuna funzione di garanzia nei riguardi dell’ordine giuridico violato.
Ricorrono, invece, le condizioni di applicabilità della scriminante nel caso di chi, partecipando ad una rissa senza armi o strumenti contundenti, si veda poi minacciato da un coltello e sia costretto per difendersi a farne uso anch’egli (così Cass. 18 ottobre 1982, n.9513).
Nel caso in trattazione, emergono con tutta evidenza i contorni di una reciproca aggressione tra componenti di opposte fazioni (rocambolesco inseguimento, speronamento e impatto tra veicoli, rissa armata con danneggiamento di un veicolo e reazione armata dei suoi occupanti all’indirizzo degli altri contendenti, ritrovamento su entrambe le auto di armi proprie e improprie, accoltellamento, esplosione di colpi d’arma da fuoco ad altezza d’uomo, ferimento).
L’omicidio che ne scaturisce va collocato nel contesto di una catena continua di azioni e reazioni violente tra i due opposti schieramenti in cui ad animare gli imputati “non era tanto l’ira per i soprusi iniziali, ma piuttosto la volontà di vendetta, punizione e annientamento dell’antagonista con adozione di strumenti micidiali. Questo atteggiamento di fredda organizzazione preventiva non poteva essere confuso con quello stato di sommovimento emotivo che, di fronte al fatto ingiusto altrui, fa ritenere l’agente meritevole di un’attenuazione di pena”.
I giudici di legittimità sottolineano in particolare la carenza dei presupposti scriminanti per l’azione omicidiaria, avendo gli imputati inseguito la vittima armata e “scelto il rischio” di ritrovarsela davanti, pur potendo allontanarsi sì da divenire bersaglio impossibile da raggiungere.
Viene pertanto esclusa non solo una delle condizioni della legittima difesa, ossia il pericolo attuale per l’incolumità dei soggetti agenti, ma l’operatività della scriminante tout court per mancanza del presupposto della costrizione ad agire in ragione della necessità di difendersi da un pericolo attuale, avendo gli imputati contribuito scientemente a dare causa all’insorgenza del rischio e accettandone le conseguenze (sulla stessa scia, tra le altre, cfr. Cass. pen., sez.I, n.12740 del 20 dicembre 2011; Cass. pen., sez.I, n.2654 del 9 novembre 2011; Cass. pen., sez.I, n.2911 del 7 dicembre 2007; Cass. pen., sez.I, n.15025 del 14 febbraio 2006; Cass. pen., sez.I, n.10406 del 18 gennaio 2005).<|endoftext|>Privacy Act of 1974
Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978
California v. Greenwood
U.S. SUPREME COURT RULING
(CALIFORNIA V. GREENWOOD – 1988)
What does the law say about the privacy of trash?
Summary: Supreme Court ruled that trash is not private. The Court ruled “It is common knowledge that plastic garbage bags left along a public street are readily accessible to animals, children, scavengers, snoops, and other members of the public.”
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES No. 86-684, May 16, 1988.
CALIFORNIA v. GREENWOOD ET AL.
CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT.
Acting on information indicating that respondent Greenwood might be engaged in narcotics trafficking, police twice obtained from his regular trash collector garbage bags left on the curb in front of his house. On the basis of items in the bags which were indicative of narcotics use, the police obtained warrants to search the house, discovered controlled substances during the searches, and arrested respondents on felony narcotics charges. Finding that probable cause to search the house would not have existed without the evidence obtained from the trash searches, the State Superior Court dismissed the charges under People v. Krivda, 5 Cal. 3d 357, 486 P. 2d 1262, which held that warrantless trash searches violate the Fourth Amendment and the California Constitution. Although noting a post-Krivda state constitutional amendment eliminating the exclusionary rule for evidence seized in violation of state, but not federal, law, the State Court of Appeal affirmed on the ground that Krivda was based on federal, as well as state, law.
- The Fourth Amendment does not prohibit the warrantless search and seizure of garbage left for collection outside the curtilage of a home. Pp. 39-44.
(a) Since respondents voluntarily left their trash for collection in an area particularly suited for public inspection, their claimed expectation of privacy in the inculpatory items they discarded was not objectively reasonable. It is common knowledge that plastic garbage bags left along a public street are readily accessible to animals, children, scavengers, snoops, and other members of the public. Moreover, respondents placed their refuse at the curb for the express purpose of conveying it to a third party, the trash collector, who might himself have sorted through it or permitted others, such as the police, to do so. The police cannot reasonably be expected to avert their eyes from evidence of criminal activity that could have been observed by any member of the public. Pp. 39-43.
(b) Greenwood’s alternative argument that his expectation of privacy in his garbage should be deemed reasonable as a matter of federal constitutional law because the warrantless search and seizure of his garbage was impermissible as a matter of California law under Krivda, which he contends survived the state constitutional amendment, is without merit. The reasonableness of a search for Fourth Amendment purposes does not depend upon privacy concepts embodied in the law of the particular State in which the search occurred; rather, it turns upon the understanding of society as a whole that certain areas deserve the most scrupulous protection from government invasion. There is no such understanding with respect to garbage left for collection at the side of a public street. Pp. 43-44.
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
(HEALTH INFORMATION PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT)
What does HIPAA REALLY say about paper shredding?
It doesn’t require covered entities to shred. Really, it doesn’t. It does, however, require covered entities to protect PHI and specifically uses shredding as one of several examples of appropriate safeguards for PHI. Here is the pertinent text:
We do not prescribe the particular measures that covered entities must take to meet this standard, because the nature of the required policies and procedures will vary with the size of the covered entity and the type of activities that the covered entity undertakes. (That is, as with other provisions of this rule, this requirement is “scalable.”)Examples of appropriate safeguards include requiring that documents containing protected health information be shredded prior to disposal, and requiring that doors to medical records departments (or to file cabinets housing such records) remain locked, and limiting which personnel are authorized to have the key or passcode. We intend this to be a common sense, scalable, standard.
This is the only place paper shredding is mentioned in the text of the law.
HIPAA also establishes penalties for willful or accidental release of PHI:
(a) OFFENSE. — A person who knowingly and in violation of this part —
- uses or causes to be used a unique health identifier;
- obtains individually identifiable health information relating to an individual; or
- discloses individually identifiable health information to another person,
shall be punished as provided in subsection (b).
(b) PENALTIES. — A person described in subsection (a) shall —
- be fined not more than $50,000, imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both;
- if the offense is committed under false pretenses, be fined not more than $100,000, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both; and
- if the offense is committed with intent to sell, transfer, or use individually identifiable health information for commercial advantage, personal gain, or malicious harm, be fined not more than $250,000, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.”
GLBA (Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act)
THE GRAMM-LEACH-BLILEY ACT
Summary: Any business providing financial services is required to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer personal information. The FTC suggests businesses “shred or recycle customer information recorded on paper and store it in a secure area until a recycling service picks it up.”
Below is text from a Federal Trade Commission series of publications called Facts for Businesses. This publication is titled “Financial Institutions and Customer Data: Complying with the Safeguards Rule”. Only sections that pertain to the privacy of printed records have been included. The full text of the document can be found athttp://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/buspubs/safeguards.htm.
Financial Institutions and Customer Data: Complying with the Safeguards Rule
Many financial institutions collect personal information from their customers, such as their names, addresses and phone numbers; bank and credit card account numbers; income and credit histories; and Social Security numbers. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley (GLB) Act requires financial institutions to ensure the security and confidentiality of this type of information. As part of its implementation of the GLB Act, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has issued the Safeguards Rule. This Rule requires financial institutions under FTC jurisdiction to secure customer records and information.
Who Must Comply
The Safeguards Rule applies to businesses, regardless of size, that are “significantly engaged” in providing financial products or services to consumers. This includes check-cashing businesses, data processors, mortgage brokers, nonbank lenders, personal property or real estate appraisers, professional tax preparers, courier services, and retailers that issue credit cards to consumers.
How to Comply
The Safeguards Rule requires financial institutions to develop a written information security plan that describes their program to protect customer information. The plan must be appropriate to the financial institution’s size and complexity, the nature and scope of its activities, and the sensitivity of the customer information it handles.
When a firm implements safeguards, the Safeguards Rule requires it to consider all areas of its operation, including three areas that are particularly important to information security:employee management and training; information systems; and managing system failures.
Information systems include network and software design, and information processing, storage, transmission, retrieval, and disposal. Here are some suggestions on how to maintain security throughout the life cycle of customer information — that is, from data entry to data disposal:
- Store records in a secure area. Make sure only authorized employees have access to the area.
- Dispose of customer information in a secure manner. For example:
- hire or designate a records retention manager to supervise the disposal of records containing nonpublic personal information;
- shred or recycle customer information recorded on paper and store it in a secure area until a recycling service picks it up;
- erase all data when disposing of computers, diskettes, magnetic tapes, hard drives, or any other electronic media that contains customer information;
- promptly dispose of outdated customer information.
FACTA (Fair and Accurate Transaction Act)
FAIR AND ACCURATE CREDIT TRANSACTIONS ACT (FACTA)
What is FACTA?
FACTA is the Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act. Passed by Congress in 2003, it is one of several recent laws (including HIPAA for the healthcare industry and Gramm-Leach-Bliley for the financial services industry) that seeks to protect businesses and consumers from fraud and identity theft. The USAToday article referred to a new section (section 216) that requires any person who maintains consumer information to dispose of it properly.
Who does it affect?
The law affects any person or business that possesses consumer information. This includes consumer reporting agencies, lenders, employers, landlords, government agencies, mortgage brokers, and automobile dealers — just to name a few. The law applies to any business over which the FTC has jurisdiction. The FTC’s jurisdiction does not extend to several areas of the banking and finance industry, but the financial services industry has its own law called the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act that has very similar requirements.
What exactly is this consumer information?
Consumer information is any record about an individual, whether in paper, electronic, or other form that is contained in a credit report and can identify the individual. Examples of identifying information include social security numbers, driver’s license numbers, phone numbers, physical addresses, and email addresses. This information could be on a mortgage application, an insurance policy, a loan scoring sheet — anything that could be found in a credit report. Aggregate information (without identifiers) is not affected by the rule.
What do I have to do?
You have to take reasonable measures to protect the information from unauthorized access or use once you have disposed of it. Disposal is defined as the “discarding or abandonment of consumer information” as well as the sale of any medium (computer equipment) on which that information is stored. So before you toss that old computer that has customer records on it, you have to erase or destroy the hard drive.
Do I have to shred everything?
Nope. The law says you just have to take a “reasonable measure” to destroy anything that could identify an individual and might contain information in a credit report. Shredding is one method — you could also take it out back, throw gasoline on it and toss a match (though you might want to check with your local fire department before doing this).
For other business information, we ask a simple question: would we want a competitor to see this? If not, it gets shredded. See our “Why Shred?” page for what the law says about trash being private.
What exactly is a “reasonable measure”?
For paper, the FTC uses the example of shredding, burning, or pulverizing paper to prevent its use. This could mean purchasing a small office shredder or burning it in your fireplace at home — either one would work. Another example is hiring an outside firm that specializes in records destruction. For electronic media, they recommend destruction or erasure. In addition to the actual destruction, the FTC said that reasonable measures are likely to require establishing policies and procedures for destroying information, and training employees on what needs to be done.
Can I contract with an outside firm to do my destruction?
Yes, in fact the rule specifically mentions contracting with a document destruction business as “reasonable measure”. But you have to perform some due diligence on the outside firm to make sure they do what they say they do. This due diligence could include reviewing an independent audit of the disposal company’s operations, obtaining information about the disposal company from several independent references, and requiring the company to be certified by a recognized trade association or similar third party. Note that Tri-State Shred has the highest certificate rating possible from the National Association for Information Destruction.
What happens if I don’t?
Violations of FACTA and its parent, the Fair and Accurate Credit Reporting Act, carry penalties of actual damages plus statutory damages up to $1,000 per customer for willful violations (with no cap on class-action damages), punitive damages, attorneys’ fees, and civil penalties.<|endoftext|>一、雲林縣政府（以下簡稱本府）為辦理違規廣告物之案件，予以有效之裁罰及符合比例原則，建立執行之公平性，特訂定本裁罰基準。
二、本裁罰基準所稱違規廣告物之行為態樣，係指在本縣指定清除地區內，未經主管機關許可將廣告物懸(繫)掛、釘定、夾帶、噴漆、張貼、黏貼、散發於公私有土地定著物、交通工具或其他非定著物上之行為。
三、本府辦理違規廣告物裁罰基準如附表。<|endoftext|>En sevdiğimiz 2 katılımcı oyunlarından biri Carcassonne olarak adlandırılıyor bu Avrupa tarzı bir araba iyi oyunlar oyunu biz antioftalmik faktör kabuğunu ailelerden ve arkadaşlardan çıkardık onunla birlikte giden bazı açılımlar var.
İlk-aslında atom numarası 102 "tam çıplak şık" belirtmediniz."Cevaplarınızda. Sadece ana kopya cevabı. Bu yüzden, ilk sürümünün araba iyi oyunlarının hiçbir şey getirmediğini eklediğinizi varsaymak kolaydır. Axerophthol jolly wild tam olarak sahip olduğu şey. Sadece çıplak Balmumu Heykeli ilk Çöz demek hiçbir şey yapmadı çünkü. Belki de Atom Numarası 2, anladığı şeyi serbest bırakmak istedi? Modderlerin rutin olarak yaptığı gibi
|
8,549 | -1 | 1 |
that Wallace supporters were concerned with the “erosion of the cultural values that underlay the social system.”
In his history of American populism, Michael Kazin also observes that the law-and-order message of that period was related to racism, but not simply an extension of segregationist sentiment. “Slovenly and unpatriotic protesters” were as much a target of this rhetoric in the 1960s and ’70s as were racial minorities, Kazin writes. In other words, the first definition of law and order was closely linked to a broad social context, a reaction to activists who challenged American foreign policy, traditional gender roles, and other aspects of the social order alongside race issues. These questions are specifically evoked by Nixon’s use of the term “silent majority” in a speech about Vietnam – the contrast in that speech was drawn between counter-culture protesters and the mass of “ordinary” Americans still leading orderly and traditional lives.
During that period, even as early as 1968, Nixon and other mainstream politicians sought to draw a distinction between crime and race, making a point of saying that toughness on crime was good for black communities.
Vietnam protesters and unrest at college campuses gradually faded from the national agenda, but crime and its racial subtext stayed on. Concerns about crime played a prominent role in subsequent presidential campaigns, perhaps most famously and vividly with the 1988 “Willie Horton ad.” Law-and-order politics evolved away from cultural questions and toward a narrower conversation about crime and punishment. This conversation, research shows, has been characterized by avoidance of overt racial terminology but undergirded by an indelible linkage to race.
Investigating the manner and timing of how crime became a political issue, the Yale political scientist Vesla Weaver theorizes that the tough-on-crime movement represents an effort by the losers of the civil rights struggle to redefine the policy debate.
In the 1980s and 1990s, the politics of crime turned distinctly punitive and remained racially coded. Hillary Clinton’s reference to “superpredators” when talking about crime (which has come up repeatedly in the current campaign) was made in 1996. On the campaign trail and in office, Bill Clinton worked to shore up his “tough on crime” credentials. As the legal historian Ian Haney Lopez writes, “Clinton flew back to Arkansas to oversee the execution of a mentally impaired black individual, Ricky Ray Rector,” and he advocated for a number of federal measures, including federal “three strikes” law.
Political psychology research suggests that the racially coded messages underlying decades of crime messages worked: Mark Peffley and Jon Hurwitz found that “when many whites think of punitive crime policy to deal with violent offenders, they are thinking of black offenders.”
In 2016 we have seen the return of protest movements that challenge laws, institutions, and, most recently, the leading candidate for the Republican presidential nomination. Polls show that many Americans are uneasy about the protest politics of the Black Lives Matter movement, and concerned about its potential to inspire violence. Other law-and-order concerns touch on the war on terror and the treatment of suspected terrorists, argue Marc Hetherington and Jonathan Weiler, who have studied the politics of authoritarianism. These themes, of course, have also anchored the Trump movement.
In other words, as many have already observed, coded racial language has given way in 2016 to more overt appeals to resentment and exclusion. As Trump rallies attract protesters who object to these messages, racial tension has fused with the old 1960s definitions of law-and-order politics: disdain for those who question tradition and support for the use of force to keep order. Over the past 50 years, law-and-order politics has evolved to mean different things. The 2016 definition has arrived.<|endoftext|>Malarone and/or Equivalents
|Drug||Related Drug Names|
|Malarone 62.5mg/25mg and/or Equivalents||Atovaquone/Proguanil, Malarone Pediatric|
|Malarone 250mg/100mg and/or Equivalents||Atovaquone/Proguanil, Malarone|
Malarone is the brand or trade nmae for a common anti-malaria drug. It is a combination drug consisting of atovaquone and proguaril. It is often prescribed by doctors to treat or prevent malarial infections. Neither one of the two substances can be used alone to treat the illness. They always have to be used in a combination. The atovaquone works by inhibiting the transport chain of the infection. The proguanil works by halting the parasitic synthesis. This is why they are both used in anti-malaria drugs. Malaria is a common parasitic infection and people have a high chance of being infected in Africa, South Asia, and South America. In simple terms, Malarone fights the parasites inside the body. The parasites that cause Malaria enter the body when a person suffers a mosquito bite from an infected mosquito. There are no other proven causes of Malaria. It is not considered contagious.
Conditions Treated by Malarone
Malarone is known to treat and prevent occurences of malarial infections in patients. It is often prescribed to adults and children in varying doses to treat mild or severe forms of the tropical infection. Furthermore, it is sometimes also prescribed to professionals who often travel to third world countires to help prevent the illness. The drug is one of the newer anti-malaria medications in the retail market and it is known for its quick action against the illness.
Malarone Dosage Information
a.) Typical dosage recommendations
Doctors recommend varying doses of the medication to patients depending on age, physical structure and severity of the illness. For normal adults, a standard Malarone tablet is prescribed once a day for 3 or 4 days. For children, doctors recommend doses as per the weight of the child. Children below 10kgs are usually not prescribed Malarone. Once you start the medication it is best to have it at the same time everyday with food. This will help the medicine take effect faster in the body. Recommended doses differ for people who are given the medicine to prevent the illness. Usually, one tablet is prescribed daily for 2-3 days before a journey in cases where people want to use the medicine as a preventitive measure. It is usually advisable to continue the medication during the stay in a high risk location and to keep having it for at least a week after returning. Besides the medication though, it is advisable to take other precautions against mosquito bites. Wear full body clothing; cover your arms and legs, especially feet. Do not expose your body unnecessarily when in a high risk area.
b.) Missing a dose
If you miss a dose then wait for your next dose if it has been more than 4 hours. But do not have two tablets to replace the dose you missed. It may cause further complications. Furthermore, if you are suffering from a severe case of malaria then consult your doctor when you miss a dose.
If you overdose on your Malarone medication you must seek medical help immediately. Contact your doctor or nearest hospital. Common symptoms of overdose include intense stomach pain, vomiting sores on the body and in the mouth, bruising and bleeding, hair loss, skin rash or peeling of the skin. If you notice one or more of these symptoms you must seek medical care. Furthermore, be sure to follow your doctor’s exact instruction when it comes to taking the medication so you can avoid overdosing.
You should avoid taking the medicine if you are allergic to either of the ingredients atovaquone and porguanil. it is always better to test yourself before taking the medication to check for potential allergic reactions. If you suffer from any kind of kidney disease then consult your doctor before taking the medication. It may not be suitable for patients with kidney problems to have the medicine. Furthermore, if you are already on any kind of kidney medication then it may react adversely with the Malarone. If you have a severe or mild liver disease then you should avoid taking this medicine. If you are pregnant or tying to become pregnant ask your doctor if it is safe to start the medication. It is not known for sure whether Malarone affects the fetus or a new born baby. Some strains of malaria are resistant and if you have a severe form of malaria, Malarone may not be useful. In this case a higher dosage of another medicine will be required. If you are to travel to a high risk area like South America, South Asia or Africa then you must take a course of Malarone before you embark on your trip to prevent risk of the disease.
Malarone Side Effects
It is common for most drugs to have some side effects. If you experience a mild symptom then don’t get worried about it. malarone is known to cause fewer side effects in patients when compared to other drugs or other malarial drugs. if you do suffer from any symptoms and if your symptoms persist call a doctor immediately. Malarone can cause the following side effects in the system:
- Severe diarrhea
- Extreme weakness
- Fever and vomiting
- Stomach pain
- Sores in the mouth
- Skin rash or blisters
- Problem balancing and walking
- Impaired speech
- Bruising and bleeding anywhere in the body
Sometimes mild symptoms like slight stomach pain or head ache, mild diarrhea, itching or weakness may occur. In this case, it is alright to let the symptoms pass and let the body get used to the medication.
Malarone Drug Interactions
Several drugs are known to interact with Malarone. If you are on any other medication then it is always better to check with your doctor whether it’s safe to continue having them while you are on Malarone. Somtimes regular vitamin tablets and health supplements may affect the drug too causing complications. Ideally, while you are on any medication for malarial infections it is always better to avoid having any other kind of medicine. The following medications are known to interact with Malarone:
- Blood thinners like Warfarin
If you have any questions about buying discount Malarone online or any other prescription products you can contact our team of professional Patient Service Representatives or one of our pharmacists 24-7 by calling 1-800-226-3784.
Notice: The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.<|endoftext|>Lesser Fish Eagle - Ichthyophaga humilis
Species: I. humilis
Subspecies: I. h. humilis, I. h. plumbea (Himalayan Grey-Headed Fish Eagle)
Lesser Fish Eagles are small, gray-brown eagles that live in India and Southeast Asia and are found in wet habitats.
Lesser Fish Eagles are mostly gray-brown from above, except for some black streaking on the head and black primary feathers. The breast is brown and the belly and thighs are white. The tail is mottled with white at the base, but the center is brown and there is an indistinct subterminal band. They have a small head, long neck, and a short, rounded tail. Eyes are yellow, and the cere is gray. The legs are white to a pale bluish color and are short and unfeathered.
They resemble and may be confused with Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus (Grey-Headed Fish Eagle), but the latter is larger and has a white tail base, black subterminal band, and no color contrast in the primary feathers.
Juveniles are similar to adults. Their eyes are brown.
Lesser Fish Eagle calls are a repetitive "hak hak hak". Listen to a recording.
Weight: 780-785 g
Habitat and Distribution:
They inhabit forested rivers, lakes, and wetlands, but they are rarely found around open bodies of water. Unlike the related Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus (Grey-Headed Fish Eagle), which prefers standing and sluggish wetlands, Lesser Fish Eagles occur more often along hill streams, fast-flowing rivers, and other moving water. They usually live below 1,000 meters above sea level, but have been recorded as high as 4,250 m in Nepal.
Their range spans from India and the Kashmir region east to Nepal, China, and Southeast Asia, and through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Maluku Island of Buru. The total area spans 34°N to 6°S. Adults are partial and altitudinal migrants in the Himalayas, moving to plains south of the mountain range in the winter. There are approximately 1,000-10,000 individuals.
Diet and Hunting:
True to their name, Lesser Fish Eagles eat primarily fish. They hunt along overhanging tree branches or on a rock and snatch their prey from below in the water. Like Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus (Grey-Headed Fish Eagle), Lesser Fish Eagles have large, curved talons specialized for catching fish.
The breeding season is from March-August in northern India and Nepal and November-April in Burma.
The nest is made out of sticks and can be over 1 m across, growing up to 1.5 m deep after enough use. The nest is placed in a tree close to water and lined with green leaves. 2-4 eggs are laid. Incubation and fledging periods are unknown.
Lesser Fish Eagles are rare throughout their range, and the population is declining due to habitat loss, increasing human disturbance, and persecution in the form of shooting and nest robbery. As they are related to a species in the genus Haliaeetus that is vulnerable to DDE (a breakdown product of pesticide DDT) it is possible that poisoning is also playing a role in their decline. They are currently listed as Near Threatened by BirdLife International.
Conservation measures proposed include conducting surveys to determine important areas, regular monitoring at various sites throughout the birds’ range, protecting forest habitat, and doing research to see if there is an actual link between pesticide use and the population decline.
Ichthyophaga humilis used to be classified as I. nana but was changed to humilis. Genus Ichthyophaga is closely related to genus Haliaeetus, which includes sea eagles.
There are two subspecies of Ichthyophaga humilis: I. h. humilis is found in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Maluku Island of Buru, and I. h. plumbea (Himalayan Grey-Headed Fish Eagle) lives in the Kashmir region, India, Nepal, Burma, and Hainan Province in China.
Himalayan Gray-Headed Fishing Eagle, Lesser Fishing Eagle, Lille Flodørn (Danish), Kleine Rivierarend (Dutch), Väike-jõgikotkas (Estonian), Pikkukalakotka (Finnish), Pygargue nain (French), Braunschwanz-Seeadler (German), Aquila pescatrice minore (Italian), Kouokuiwashi (Japanese), Helang Kangok (Malay), Småelveørn (Norwegian), Rybozer brunatny (Polish), Pigarguillo Menor (Spanish), Mindre fiskörn (Swedish).
Video of a Lesser Fish Eagle:
BirdLife International (2011) Species factsheet: Ichthyophaga humilis. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 29/12/2011.
Global Raptor Information Network. 2011. Species account: Lesser Fish Eagle Ichthyophaga humilis. Downloaded from http://www.globalraptors.org on 29 Dec. 2011
BirdLife International 2008. Ichthyophaga humilis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 29 December 2011.
Ferguson-Lees, James, and Christie, David A. Raptors of the World. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001.<|endoftext|>Yazıyı okumaya başlamadan önce belirtmeliyim ki, bu yazı Game of Thrones 7.Sezon 5.Bölüm hakkında ağır spoiler içermektedir. Her bölümünü heyecanla ve bir solukta seyrettiğimiz Game of Thrones 7.Sezon 5.Bölümünde öyle bir sahne vardı ki her birimizi meraklandırdı. Mektupta Ne Yazıyor? Arya'nın odayı didik didik ederek bulduğu Serçeparmak'ın gizlediği o mektupta ne yazıyor? Bu noktadan sonra spoiler yemek istemeyenler lütfen yazıdan ayrılınız, mesuliyet kabul etmiyorum.
Kafamızı allak bullak eden ve Arya'nın şok olduğu o mektup aslında Lannister'ların ilk sezonda Sansa'ya zorla yazdırdığı mektuptan başka bir şey değildi. Kardeşi Robb'a tam manasıyla bir çağrı niteliğinde olan mektupta, Sansa; Robb'un Joffrey'e bağlılık yemini etmesini istiyordu. Ah bu Sansa! Bir türlü kanım ısınmıyor şu kıza!
Sansa ve Arya arasında zaten gerim gerim gerilen bir ortam varken üzerine bir de Serçeparmak tuz biber ekti. Arya'nın kendisini takip ettiğini fark eden Serçeparmak yine bir oyun oynayarak Arya'nın hiç bir şekilde anlamadan yemi yutmasını sağladı. Peki amacı neydi? Sansa'yı sözde seven Serçeparmak neden o mektubu Arya'nın görmesini istedi? Ya da iki kız kardeş yemi yutmuş gibi mi yaptı? Mevzu bahis Game of Thrones olunca basitçe çözümlemek çok zor oluyor. Daha fazla kafa açmadan gelin bakalım Sansa, o mektupta ne yazmış hep beraber okuyalım.
Sansa:
"Robb, sana üzgün bir şekilde yazıyorum. Kralımız Robert vefat etti. Yaban domuzu avlarken aldığı yaralardan dolayı öldü. Babamız ihanetten suçlanıyor. Robert'ın kardeşleriyle birlikte sevdiceğim Joffrey'e karşı hain planlar yaptılar ve onun tahtını çalmaya kalktılar. Lannister'lar bana iyi bakıyorlar ve rahat etmem için ellerinden gelen her şeyi yapıyorlar. Sana yalvarıyorum, lütfen Kral Toprakları'na gel ve Kral Joffrey'e sadakat yemini et. Lannister ve Stark gibi iki büyük aileinin arasına kavga sokma. Sadık kardeşin, Sansa."<|endoftext|>DEEDS NOT WORDS: 100 Years of the Vote for Women
Updated: Jan 30
Avon’s Historical Society, Library and Senior Center have received a grant from Connecticut Humanities to help fund a yearlong series — DEEDS NOT WORDS: 100 Years of the Vote for Women.
The series will focus on events that contributed to the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution — which gave women the right to vote — and will run from November 2019 to November 2020, with events at the Library and Senior Center. The $4,030 grant funds the first six months of events.
The goal of the DEEDS series is to have the audience consider what Connecticut was doing in the mid-19th to early 20th centuries and how those moving forces shaped the dialogue leading up to the passage of the 19th Amendment in 191
|
8,549 | -1 | 2 |
با رویکردهای سیاسی و اجتماعی مطرح گردید، اساسا مانورش در حیطه رفاه اقتصادی بوده، و دستاوردهای مثبت اندکی (صرفا در بعد اقتصادی) در بعضی ملل به دنبال داشته، که نمی توان این دستاوردها را همچون منتقدین افراطی دولت رفاه، (یعنی طیفِ راست اجتماعیِ جوامع) نادیده انگاشت.
ولی بنظر می رسد که سیاست ها و برنامه های رفاهیِ دولت رفاه، برای رهایی از بن بست های اجتماعی و شاید از نظر سیر تحول تاریخی، برای فروکش کردن شعله های رو به افزایش کمونیسم و کاهش فاصله های طبقاتی {زاهدی،۱۲۷:۱۳۸۴} بوده است.
بی شک، پرسشها و دیدگاههایی در زمینه دولت رفاه قابل بررسی بوده و هستند، که در چند دسته ذیل قرار می گیرند:
الف- آیا دولت رفاه بعنوان یک نوع دولت جدید که از لحاظ بنیادی با دولت به گونه ای که در جوامع سرمایه داری آزاد قرن ۱۹ وجود داشته، متفاوت است؟ که بنظر می رسد پاسخ به این سئوال این است که هیچ تفاوت مهمی بین دولت رفاه امروزی که هنوز هم ابزار سلطه بورژوازی است با دولت در قرن نوزدهم وجود ندارد.
ب- آیا دولت رفاه که متضمن سطح بالایی از دخالت دولت در اقتصاد، تدارک خدمات وسیع اجتماعی و میزان قابل ملاحظه ای برنامه ریزی در سطح اقتصاد ملی است، با مرحله جدید تکامل سرمایه داری که می توان آنرا سرمایه داری سازمان یافته نامید، مطابقت می کند؟
ج- آیا دولت رفاه مرحله خاصی در روند کلی به سوی جمع گرایی (کلکتیویسم) است؟ که اساساً از جنبش کارگری الهام گرفته و از این لحاظ می تواند به عنوان مرحله ای انتقالی در راه سوسیالیسم در نظر گرفته شود. {باتامور،۱۱۷:۱۳۶۸}.
آنچه مسلم است، تعبیرهای دوم و سوم منطقی تر بنظر می رسند و در واقع دولت رفاه، درجوامع مختلف به شکل های متفاوتی نمایان شده است. بطوریکه نوع مشخص و بارز آن، ویژه رژیم سیاسیِ جوامعی است که دگرگونی هایی در نظامات اقتصادی، روابط اجتماعی و سوگیری های فرهنگی خود در قرن گذشته تجربه نموده اند که به تدریج سایر دول از آن الگوبرداری کرده و بتدریج چهره ایدئولوژیکی و غیرحقیقیِ بیشتری به خود گرفته است.
باتامور- جامعه شناس سیاسی – معتقد است که اقتصاد مختلط دولت های رفاه سرمایه داری، که در آن برخی از بخش های مهم اقتصادی در مالکیت عمومی است، شبکه وسیعی از خدمات اجتماعی وجود دارد، که هزینه آن به وسیله دولت تأمین و اداره می شود. بی تردید جنگ های قرن بیستم که جمعیت های انبوه را در شیوه های عادی زندگیشان جدا کرد، جنبش های بهبود خواهانه و غیره … کمک قابل ملاحظه ای به توسعه ایدئولوژیکی دولت رفاه کرده اند.
ناگفته نماند که عصر طلایی دولت رفاه در فاصله ۱۹۴۵ تا ۱۹۷۵ بود که در آن « نقش دولت در ارایه مستقیم خدمات رفاه اجتماعی یا ارایه غیر مستقیم، آنها از طریق تأمین اشتغال (کارگستری)، به رسمیت شناخته شده و مورد قبول عام قرار گرفت.» {رفیعی۳۸:۱۳۷۹}. یعنی اینکه، دولت رفاه (بعنوان تدابیری اجتماعی) دارای هدف، برنامه و برانگیزاننده مطالبات مردم، بهتر نمودن سطح زندگی عموم، بویژه برای اقشار ضعیف است، ولی بااینحال دولت رفاه دارای کارکرد های پنهان و منفی است:
– که مهمترین آن پیوستگیِ تغییر در برخی از شئون اقتصادی مردم، همراه با رویکردی سیاسی و حزبی می باشد.
– دولت رفاه در نهایت، از یک طرف به نفع قشری محدود و صاحبان قدرت اقتصادی و سیاسی بوده (یعنی رفاه دولتمردان)، و از طرف دیگر موجد نوعی کژکارکرد، که همان پیدایی بحران ها و مشکلات ساختاری پیشِ روی اقتصاد ( بخاطر بزرگی تشکیلات دولتی) می باشد.
عده ای این بحرانها را ناشی از بحران پولی و مالی یعنی رشداقتصادی پایین و گاهی منفی، بحران مشروعیت ناشی از عدم تناسب هزینه های رفاهی، و یا بحران توزیع که برخاسته از توریع نامنسجم مزایای رفاهی بین اقشار مختلف جامعه است، می پندارند {جولیانو بولونی وهمکاران،۱۳۷۹}.
مانند: کشور سوئد، که به نظرِ جیمز بوکا نان _اقتصاددان و برنده جایزه نوبل اقتصاد، درقرن ۲۱_ درسالهای گذشته، که ” اسیر گرفتاری بدی شد، آنها دولت رفاه را بیش از حد گسترش دادند، و نمی دانستند که چه کار باید بکنند، دائماً در تحقق اهدافشان شکست می خوردند و دیدند که دارند عقب می مانند، همین مسأله در کشورهای بزرگ نیز دیده می شود” { مجله فدرال مینیاپولیس۳۰:۱۳۸۶}.
اما این مشکلات موجود در دولت رفاه در نظام تامین اجتماعی کمتر به چشم می خورد. چرا که از یک سو، بایستی دانست دولت رفاه، نظامی سیاسی- اجتماعی می باشد، درحالیکه تامین اجتماعی، نهاد و نظامی اجتماعی است، ( البته این بدین معنی نیست که دولتها ازاین نهاد استفاده ابزاری نمی کنند)، از سویی دیگر تامین اجتماعی از بدو پیدایش، یعنی تقریبا از ۷۵ سال پیش به این طرف، بعنوان حقی همگانی، نقشی حیاتی در کاهش نابرابری ها و بعضاً پیدایش حداقل زمینه های مساعدت های اجتماعی بویژه در مسایل ذیربط اقتصادی و اجتماعی، بطور همزمان نقشی بسزا داشته. بی تردید « مقررات تأمین بخش اجتماعی» مشتمل بر مفاهیمی همچون، تأمین حقوق افراد، ایجاد امنیت اقتصادی، تأمین رفاه و امنیت اجتماعی، برای همه افراد زیر پوشش است، در حالیکه چنانکه در بحث رفاه ودولت رفاه گفته شد، موضوع به این شکل و گونه نیست{خسروی،۳:۱۳۸۰ }. منظور این است که تأمین اجتماعی در شکل گسترده و عام آن، نوعی برنامه بیمه ای- حمایتی، برای رهایی از تنگناها، مشقت ها و کاهش تبعیضات و فراهم آوری امکانات و وسایل عادلانه برای همه اقشار جامعه و از جمله محرومین، بی سرپرستان، معلولین، بیکاران، سالمندان، و بازنشستگان و در زمینه های توانبخشی، بیکاری، حوادث ناشی از کار، بیماریها، پیری و… می باشد.
تأمین اجتماعی، بی هیچ گونه اغراقی” در صورت اجرای آن به مفهوم کلیت آن، بر ساخت جمعیتی، مهاجرت، ساختار اقتصادی جامعه و توزیع مجدد درآمدها جلوگیری از جنبش ها، آشوب ها، انقلابات و سایر مسایل از قبیل مرتفع نمودن عوارض بیکاری”، کاهش رشد فقر، و غیره… تأثیر دارد {طالب،۹۸:۱۳۶۷}.
البته تامین اجتماعی و شاخص های آن، با تمام برتری هایی که نسبت به رویکرد دولت رفاه مدارانه دارد، دارای محدودیتهایی نیز هست، از جمله یکی از اساسی ترین مشکلات تحقق نظام تأمین اجتماعی به معنای خاص آن، در کشورهای توسعه نیافته و یا در حال رشد، این است که منحصر به مقوله بیمه و پرداخت حق بیمه می باشد، و این مساله باعث می گردد، خط مشی ها و برنامه ریزی های نظامِ خاص تامین اجتماعی که اساسا نوپا هم می باشد، مطابق با برنامه های دولت ها و نیازهایش پیش رود. بعبارتی دولتمردان برنامه ریز و سیاستگذار تأمین اجتماعی می گردند {خسروی،۱۰:۱۳۸۸}. و از آنجائیکه دولت ها فاقد بودجه و اعتبارات کافی برای پیشبرد اهداف و سیاست های تأمین اجتماعی بوده، لذا حمایت از اقشار و گروههای مختلف در مقابل آسیب های احتمالی و پی افکندن نظامی منصفانه و حداقل قابل قبول، آسان بنظر نمی رسد. از همین رو، برای رفع فراز و نشیب ها ناچار به بسترسازی، سرمایه گذاری ها و پشتیبانی های اقتصادی و به تعبیری کاملتر نیازمند، اصلاحات ساختاری می باشد.
اما در جوامع توسعه یافته، چون نظام اقتصادی، مناسب می باشد، این ساختار اقتصادی بستر را برای نظام سیاسی (دولت) فراهم می کند. به دیگر سخن، تعامل نظام سیاسی با تأمین اجتماعی با حفظ استقلال منافع عمومی-کارگری می تواند در جهت تحقق کاهش فقر و ارائه کمک ها و مساعدتهای بیمه ای، مؤثرتر باشد، هر چند که دولت ها هم، در چنین جوامعی، بعضا تحت تأثیر طبقه حاکم اقتصادی قرار می گیرند، و به نحوی قدرت اجرایی دولت را، تحت شعاع خود قرار می دهند و به عبارتی، طبقه صاحب سرمایه با قدرت اقتصادی خود، سیاست ها و برنامه ریزی های خرد و کلان جامعه را به سمتی که ارتباط با منافع آن طبقه دارد، می کشاند.
مثلاً، « خطر وجود و حضور گروههای دارای منافع خاص، نظیر اتحادیه های کارگری است، که معمولاً به بهانه های واهی و مزورانه، تحت عنوان بکار گرفتن سرمایه های صندوق های بازنشستگی، در خدمت- هدفهای متعالی اجتماعی- از قدرت و نفوذ سیاسی خود برای سوق دادن پول، صندوقها در جهت منافع شخصی و سوبسیده کردن خودشان استفاده می کنند» {درا کر۴:۱۳۸۶ } و نه کارگران و کارمندان و صاحبانِ واقعی آنها.
نتیجه اینکه، نظام تامین اجتماعی در دنیا، با تمام محدودیتها و نواقصی که در شکل، میزان، نوع و ابعادِ کارکردهایش دارد، هر روز ضمن گسترش مشروعیت و مقبولیت، سازمان یافته تر و دارای تکامل یافتگی بیشتری، در بین ملل و جوامع می گردد، و لذا در حوزه عملکردیش هم، شبیه دولت رفاه ماسک و نقابی به خود نگرفته است. و عاری از دیگر معایب دولت رفاه، یعنی : اعمال مالیاتهای سنگین، تمرکزگرایی و دیوانسالاری، ایجاد محدودیت برای بخش خصوصی و غیر دولتی، تحت شعاع قراردادن مقوله اندویدئوالیسم، و خلاقیت ها، از بین رفتن سرمایه اجتماعی، ایجاد نوعی انسانِ تک سا حتی، و غیره … می باشد.
هدایت خسروی
ماخذو پی نویس ها:
ا- هدایت خسروی، نظام جامع رفاه و تأمین اجتماعی در ایران و امکان سنجی تحقق آن، تهران: هفته نامه آتیه؛ شماره ۳۴۲، ۶ آذر ۱۳۸۰
۲- هدایت خسروی، کالبدشکافی سازمان تامین اجتماعی، تهران: نشریه تامین، شماره ۷۲۳، نیمه دوم بهمن ۱۳۸۸
۳- دکتر سیاوش مریدی، فرهنگ بیمه های اجتماعی، تهران: مؤسسه عالی پژوهش تأمین اجتماعی، چاپ اول، ۱۳۷۸
۴- تی. باتامور، جامعه شناسی سیاسی، ترجمه منوچهر صبوری کاشانی، تهران: انتشارات کیهان، چاپ دوم، ۱۳۶۸،
۵- دکتر حسن رفیعی، « دیدمان های رفاه اجتماعی»، فصلنامه تأمین اجتماعی (۵)، تهران، ناشر مؤسسه عالی پژوهش تأمین اجتماعی، سال دوم، شماره دوم، تابستان ۱۳۷۹
۶- مجله فدرال مینیاپولیس، «انتخاب عمومی»، چاپ، نقل در روزنامه دنیای اقتصاد، سال پنجم، شماره ۲۷۲، ۶ تیرماه
۷- جولیانو بولونی و همکاران، تأمین اجتماعی در اروپا، توسعه یا تعطیل، مؤسسه تحقیقات اجتماعی دانمارک، ترجمه هرمز همایون پور، تهران: انتشارات مؤسسه
عالی پژوهش تأمین اجتماعی، چاپ اول ۱۳۷۹،
۸- پیتراف دراکر، جامعه پس از سرمایه داری، ترجمه محمود طلوع، تهران: انتشارات مؤسسه خدمات فرهنگی رسا، چاپ دوم، ۱۳۷۵،
۹- دکترمهدی طالب، تامین اجتماعی، تهران: انتشارات آستان قدس چاپ اول،۱۳۶۷
۱۰-دکتر محمدجواد زاهدی،توسعه ونابرابری،انتشارات مازیار،تهران:چاپ دوم ،۱۳۸۵
۱۱- هدایت خسروی، خدمات مشاوره ای یاور تأمین اجتماعی، تهران: هفته نامه آتیه، شماره۳۵۲،۱۶ بهمن ۱۳۸۰<|endoftext|>121 writers online
If you want to pay for essay for unique writing Understanding Truth in Of Truth, an Essay by Francis Bacon, just click Order button. We will write a custom essay on Understanding Truth in Of Truth, an Essay by Francis Bacon specifically for you!
Understanding Truth in Of Truth, an Essay by Francis Bacon
He goes back to ancient Greek philosophers who would drop themselves in attempting to realize why it is people tell lies. Some of them propped that there was not only one absolute truth – accepting that there can be only one truth is like accepting bondage on cost-free will. Hence, they said there can be several truths. Nevertheless, these thinkers have ceased to exist and contemporary thinkers are of the opinion that if there is not one particular truth then any of us can generate our own truths. Such a globe would be full of chaos and anarchy – without any order.
Undoubtedly, men and women do make sincere attempts to uncover the truth. However, if they succeed, they regret it and uncover the burden of truth as well a lot to bear. Therefore, they abandon the pursuit of truth and drift towards lies, even if they know lies are degrading. The globe of lies is dark, but folks develop a fascination towards it at the expense of truth.
Some later Greek philosophers attempted to realize why it is that men chose to lie. Beneath particular situations it is understood why lies are told – in poetry, distortion of the truth adds to the beauty of poems. In enterprise, merchants and traders resort to falsehood to attract purchasers for the sake of organization. What they wanted to know is why do typical folk resort to lies even when they know its unsavoury circumstances.
Truth depicts every thing really honestly and transparently. Bacon compares it to daylight, it to daylight, all put in the open with no room for deception, unlike likes which are like candlelight glowing in the dark illuminating only what they want to show. Truth is like a pearl which shines bright and pure in the day although lies are like diamonds/carbuncles which glow artificially, even at evening and can make deceptive appearances. A mixture of lies and truth have the capacity to please man far more than only lie or only truth. Bacon suggests the utility of such a combination. If every thing Is portrayed in their correct colours, with no superficial praise or illusions, society will appear dreary and undesirable. Vanity and aggrandizement induce creativity and intellectual stimulation. Even though showering praise, some quantity of unreal description of one’s feats is necessary, otherwise the praise will be bland and ineffective. “One of the fathers” called poetry wine of the devils since it catered to emotion and distorted reality, not the absolute truth. Plato stated art is twice removed from reality – it is not reliable. Bacon says that the exaggerations and allusions of poetry do not typically impact readers, but in some instances the falsehood of such literature could get imbedded in the minds of readers and impair their senses – this could be an unfortunate consequence of reading poetry.
Lies, undoubtedly, deprave the mine. Truth, on the other hand, remains untarnished and absolute as usually. Looking for truth requires a certain kind of conviction. We can only seek the truth when we think in it. Then there I a lot of energy, passion and persistence essential to seek it out. Truth symbolises the ultimate excellent of human nature.
When God produced the globe, he first gave the light of sense to mankind, so that human beings could see and sense the planet around them. Then, he gave the energy of explanation, so that humans could explanation what was very good or poor in the items happening around them. As a outcome, humans received the energy of enlightenment. Soon after this, God radiated light, illuminating the disorderly world so that humans could be superior in understanding and functioning to any other species. Lastly, he focused his kindly light on human beings whom he favoured the most – his saints. There’s is an inner conscious man need to stick to- we can not forget who we are, how we have been produced, and who we owe it to. It is a special and humbling knowledge to stand on a beach and see the rocky sea, to stand higher above in a castle and see the fight raging below to stand away from negativity and not be a element of it. This ought to humble men and women and make them charitable. Man has the capacity to be like angles – type, truthful, benevolent.
While dealing with mundane matters, it is hard to always stick to the truth. To make enterprise smoother, man mixes in lies to dealings. At the time, this appears to be a sensible necessity, which may possibly have accomplishment but at the finish of it, is vile and degrading. It is like an alloy, when foreign components are added to precious substances like gold or silver, to make it stronger. It succeeds to do so nonetheless, robs it of its lustre. Bacon evaluate lies to a snake which is always on its stomach because it is spineless and cannot stand erect. This is why males like Montaigne declared falsehood to be universally degrading and loathsome.
When judgment day arrives, a person who has lied will have to face God and cannot hide, punishment is inevitable. Hence why choose the temporary satisfaction of lies when you know that God will see all. Francis Bacon concludes by saying that the way we are going, the Earth will gradually reach a state where faith no longer exists – we are forgetting our faith and God as well will drop faith in us. Adam and Eve were told that the son of God would come to Earth and there would be the chance to accomplish salvation. Now the way we’re going, faith will no longer even exist.
Type: Free Essay Example
and we will call you back!
Sorry, copying is not allowed on our website. If you want a paper on this sample, we’ll created new for you.<|endoftext|>ARCANGELO RAFFAELE, SCULTURA IN CERAMICA INVETRIATA, ITALIA, XVII SECOLO - Nelle foto sovrastanti è evidente l'esecuzione dell'operazione di doratura a guazzo sulle ali. Nella foto a sinistra l'ala presenta lo strato
|
8,549 | -1 | 3 |
for stability and minimize the risk of toppling.
–Safety considerations are especially important in strong currents.
–Incidents like the ones mentioned illustrate the potential dangers.
–Operators and workers must be aware and follow safety procedures.
-*Prevention is key to protect lives and prevent accidents.
Factors Contributing To Stabiliser Extension
Several factors can contribute to stabiliser extension, leading to potentially dangerous situations. One common reason for stabiliser extension is the failure to return the stabiliser to the travel position after use. Operators must exercise caution and ensure that the stabilisers are properly retracted to prevent unintentional extension.
Another factor that can lead to stabiliser extension is the failure of the stabiliser restraining mechanism. It is essential for this mechanism to be adequately maintained, regularly inspected, and promptly repaired or replaced if any defects are identified. By ensuring the stabiliser restraining mechanism is in good working condition, the risk of stabiliser extension can be significantly reduced.
Additionally, the type of stabiliser being used can also influence the likelihood of extension. Hydraulically operated stabilisers, for example, are less likely to extend when faced with strong currents due to the resistance provided by the hydraulic system. This resistance helps to prevent unintentional extension and enhances overall safety during operation.
Action Required For Safety With Stabilisers And Outriggers
To ensure the safe use of stabilisers and outriggers, several actions must be taken to mitigate risks and prevent accidents.
Firstly, it is crucial to regularly inspect the components of the stabiliser or outrigger locking mechanism. This inspection should ensure that all components are in good condition, properly operated, and free from any defects that could compromise their functionality.
When it comes to manually extended VLC stabilisers, they should have two separate latching devices, one of which should be automatically operated. This redundancy in the latching devices adds an extra layer of safety and reduces the risk of unintentional extension.
Proper instruction, training, and supervision should also be provided to workers who drive vehicles with stabilisers or outriggers. This training is essential to ensure that operators are knowledgeable about proper operating procedures, safety precautions, and emergency protocols.
Owners of vehicle loading cranes without secondary locking mechanisms should consider engaging an engineer or manufacturer to redesign and modify the locking mechanism. This upgrade can help prevent unintentional extensions and enhance the overall safety of the equipment.
Safety Considerations When Using Outrigger Pads
Outrigger pads play a critical role in maintaining the stability of heavy equipment, such as cranes. They help distribute the weight of the crane, preventing sinking or tipping over. To ensure safe usage of outrigger pads, it is important to consider the following safety measures:
Select the appropriate outrigger pad: Choose a pad that matches the weight of the crane, the working surface, and the type of outrigger. This ensures proper support and reduces the risk of instability.
Clear the area: Before setting up the outrigger pads, clear the designated area of any debris or obstructions. This provides a clean and level surface for the outriggers to rest upon, ensuring maximum stability.
Proper positioning: Place the pads centered and flat on the ground under each outrigger. This arrangement helps distribute the weight evenly and provides the necessary support for the crane.
Test stability: Before commencing any work, carefully and methodically test the stability of the crane. Lower it onto the pads and ensure that it remains stable. This step helps identify any potential issues or instabilities.
Regular inspections: Conduct regular inspections of the outrigger pads to check for signs of damage or wear. If any pads are damaged or compromised, replace them promptly to ensure ongoing safety during crane operations. Additionally, avoid overloading the pads and adhere to their specified weight limits.
By following these safety considerations and taking appropriate precautions, the risk of accidents and injuries can be significantly minimized when using outriggers, even in strong currents.
Frequently Asked Questions
What type of hazards does using outriggers prevent?
Using outriggers prevents a variety of hazards associated with crane operations. The primary hazard that outriggers address is the risk of tipping or collapse. By providing additional stability and support, outriggers distribute the load more evenly, reducing the chance of the crane becoming unbalanced and potentially toppling over. Additionally, outrigger pads help to prevent accidents by creating a larger and more secure footprint for the crane, minimizing the risk of sinking into soft or unstable ground. Overall, the use of outriggers significantly enhances the safety of crane operations by mitigating the hazards of tipping, collapse, and unstable ground conditions.
When outriggers are used they must be placed on pads or a solid surface?
When utilizing outriggers, it is crucial to position them on stable ground or suitable pads. The purpose of this is to guarantee that the outrigger feet maintain full contact with a stable and level surface, securing the safety of lifting operations. In order to achieve optimum stability, it is recommended to employ outrigger pads beneath the feet, as they provide an even and secure surface for the outriggers to rest upon. By implementing these precautions, the risk of instability or accidents during lifting activities can be significantly minimized.
Why are outriggers important?
Outriggers play a vital role in ensuring stability and safety in equipment operations. By expanding the equipment’s footprint, outriggers provide a larger and more secure base for handling heavy loads. This increased stability minimizes the risk of tipping or imbalance during operations, enhancing overall safety for both the equipment operator and the surrounding environment. Additionally, the distribution of force over a larger area at the point of contact with the ground helps to prevent ground sinking or damage, especially when dealing with heavier loads. Thus, outriggers are crucial for maintaining stability, maximizing load capacity, and safeguarding against potential accidents.
What are the safety hazards of rigging?
Rigging poses significant safety hazards that can lead to severe injuries or even fatalities. One common hazard is the risk of falls, which can be caused by a variety of factors. Uneven working surfaces can make it difficult for workers to maintain their balance and increase the likelihood of a fall. Additionally, wet and slippery working surfaces can further amplify this risk, particularly when combined with the heavy machinery and equipment involved in rigging. Another potential hazard is working surfaces that are not cleared of obstructions, as these can obstruct workers’ movement and potentially lead to trips or falls. It is crucial to address these fall hazards to ensure the safety of all individuals involved in rigging operations.<|endoftext|>MEYDAN OKUYAN ÇOCUKLARA YAKLAŞIM
Ebeveynler hem kendi hayatlarını kolaylaştırmak hem de çocuğa bir düzen içinde yaşamasını öğretmek için belli kurallar koyabilirler. Çocuklarsa genelde yasakları çiğnemeyi tercih ederler. Meydan okuyan çocuk ile iletişim kurarken dikkat edilmelidir.
Meydan okuyan çocuk ile iletişim nasıl olmalıdır?
Ebeveyn, çocuğuna koyduğu kurallar konusunda her zaman net olmalıdır. Kurallar açıktır ve tartışılması gibi bir durum söz konusu değildir. Çocuk bunu bilirse daha temkinli yaklaşacaktır. Aksi bir durum olduğunda bile ebeveyn bu tavrını devam ettirmelidir. Çocukla bir kural üzerinde yapılacak iş birliği, o kuralın geçerliliğini çürütür, onu tartışmaya açık bir hâle getirir. Bu yüzden işbirliği yapmak yerine, kuralın neden koyulduğu açıkça çocuğa anlatılmalıdır.
Çocuklar neden yasakları çiğnemek isterler?
Ebeveyn, çocuğunun kuralları çiğnemesi yönünde davranışlar sergilediğini görüyorsa, sınırlamalar getirebilir. Mesela çocuğa evde top oynamak yasak olsun. Çocuğa topu sadece bahçede oynayabilme sınırlılığı getirilsin. Bu yasak çocuk tarafından bazen çiğnenmek isteyebilir. Genelde kurala uyan çocuk, artık bu kuralı pek de umursamayabilir. Böyle bir durumda ebeveyn, “Evde top oynamanın yasak olduğunu biliyorsun. Topu sadece bahçede oynayabilirsin. Buna rağmen oynamaya devam edersen topunu senden alırım,” diyerek netliğini ortaya koyabilir. Bu yaklaşım, inatçı olan çocuğu tatmin etmeyebilir. Ebeveynine, kural dışı seçenekler sunmaya başlayacaktır. Ebeveyn, bu seçenekleri kabul etmemeli, bunların sadece kendi seçimleri olduğunu, kuralın böyle olmadığını söylemesi gerekir. Böylelikle kural, tartışmaya kapanır.
Ebeveyn bu sınırları çizerken, bunların kendi sınırları olduğunu unutmamalıdır. Bunları belirlerken her zaman mantıklı bir zemine oturtmalı, çocuktan gelebilecek herhangi bir tepkiye karşı hazırlıklı olmalıdır. Mesela su tabancısıyla oynamayı seven çocuğa bu oyuncağıyla ancak bahçede oynayabileceği sınırı konulsun. Çocuğun evde bu oyuncakla oynadığını gören ebeveyn, “Eğer oynamaya devam edersen onu senden alırım, bununla sadece bahçede oynayabilirsin.” demelidir. Böylelikle sorumluluk çocuğun üzerine bırakılmış olur. Uymaması durumunda suçlu, kuralları koyan ebeveyn değil, kurallara uymayan çocuk olur.
Çocuklar yaşları küçükken her şeye meraklı ve istekli olacaktır. Gelen kurallara uymama konusunda ebeveynleriyle sık sık karşı karşıya gelecektir. Bu tip durumlarda ebeveynin yapması gereken şey, net olmak ve düşüncelerinde ısrarcı olmaktır. Çocuğa verilecek en ufak bir tolerans, kısa süre sonra kötüye kullanılabilir.
KIZGIN ÇOCUKLARA YAKLAŞIM ile ilgili yazımıza ulaşmak için linke tıklayın.<|endoftext|>Come ospitare un evento festivo di successo nel 2021
La stagione delle vacanze si sta avvicinando rapidamente e, poiché le misure di sicurezza contro la pandemia sono ancora in vigore in molte attrazioni, è probabile che i piani degli eventi sembrino un po' diversi quest'anno. Ma con un po' di pianificazione e creatività, è ancora possibile pianificare un evento festivo. Ecco uno sguardo a come alcuni organizzatori di eventi e operatori di attrazioni si stanno avvicinando a queste celebrazioni.
Capacità inferiori
Molte sedi ospitano eventi più piccoli per consentire il distanziamento sociale. Al Novium Museum di Chichester, in Inghilterra, Regno Unito, gli eventi e la partecipazione ai musei sono generalmente limitati a circa il 50% della normale capacità, ma ciò potrebbe cambiare con il passare dell'anno.
"Se le cose sembrano migliorare molto, allora cercheremo di ridurre le restrizioni e aumentare i numeri", afferma Portia Tremlett, responsabile del coinvolgimento del programma pubblico presso il Museo Novium.
Sparkle Clark, proprietaria di Pink Bliss Events, un servizio di organizzazione di eventi e feste con sede a San Pedro, California, Stati Uniti, ha notato che molte delle attrazioni con cui lavora hanno una capacità di eventi ridotta da 50 a 25 persone. Questo può avere il vantaggio di rendere un evento più intimo o esclusivo. Tuttavia, può significare che gli ospiti devono RSVP o acquistare un biglietto in anticipo. Fortunatamente, dopo mesi di chiusura delle attrazioni e requisiti di prenotazione, meno persone si aspettano di poter acquistare un biglietto walk-up. Tuttavia, questo dovrebbe essere comunicato chiaramente nei materiali di marketing.
Spazi più grandi o all'aperto
Le attrazioni con spazi all'aperto hanno un vantaggio quando si tratta di pianificare eventi perché possono spostare i festeggiamenti all'esterno, a seconda del tempo. Nei climi più freddi, i riscaldatori esterni possono aiutare a prolungare la stagione per spazi come cortili, terrazze e giardini.
Gli operatori stanno anche capitalizzando su tutti i grandi spazi aperti che hanno per gli eventi. La Chick-fil-A College Football Hall of Fame di Atlanta ha 95,000 piedi quadrati e gran parte dello spazio è aperto su tre piani.
"Sembra molto aperto", afferma il CEO Kimberly Beaudin. “C'è molto spazio per il distanziamento sociale. Non sei al di sopra di nessuno".
La Chick-fil-A College Football Hall of Fame ospita "Gameday Tailgates" il sabato in autunno. Ci sono eventi trivia, oltre a DJ e quattro giochi vengono proiettati contemporaneamente. Intorno ad Halloween, il "Field of Screams" per famiglie presenta manichini che affrontano fatti per assomigliare a fantasmi, premi e attività a misura di bambino. Quest'anno, Beaudin prevede un "Rivalry Day" extra festivo il sabato dopo il Black Friday poiché molte squadre rivali non si sono affrontate l'anno scorso. Verranno mostrati manufatti di famose rivalità calcistiche e gli ospiti saranno incoraggiati a indossare le maglie della propria squadra con orgoglio, anche (o soprattutto quando) quella squadra compete con la squadra di un membro della famiglia. Non solo, ma in vista del Natale, la sala sarà anche decorata per i festeggiamenti "Deck the Hall" del locale.
Mentre il Novium Museum sposta la sua serie di conferenze da virtuale a di persona, il suo staff sta anche pensando alle dimensioni di ogni spazio. Ad esempio, il museo ha scelto di ospitare le lezioni in una vecchia cappella del convento che gestisce, chiamata Guildhall perché è più grande e consente più spazio tra le persone. A metà settembre, gli eventi di dicembre non sono ancora stati annunciati, ma Tremlett afferma che Babbo Natale è già prenotato per alcune festività. Gli eventi fino a dicembre includono un pigiama party a tema spaziale, un laboratorio di terapia artistica e un evento con uno storico locale che si collega a una mostra sul mercato del bestiame.
Protocolli di sicurezza potenziati
Come molti luoghi, la Chick-fil-A College Football Hall of Fame continua a richiedere al personale e ai visitatori di indossare maschere. Anche se questa regola è allentata quando gli ospiti registrano un video della giornata di gioco, poiché c'è molto spazio per la distanza sociale, aggiunge Beaudin. Il locale dispone anche di postazioni igienizzanti, così gli ospiti possono igienizzare le mani prima di toccare i palloni da calcio o altre superfici. Offre anche stilo di marca per gli ospiti che non vogliono usare le dita sui touch screen.
Comunicare le aspettative degli ospiti, ad esempio indossare una maschera o limitare il numero di persone in ascensore, è fondamentale. Può anche essere utile per gli ospiti sapere quali protocolli di sicurezza sono applicati internamente, come l'aggiornamento dei sistemi di ventilazione o la richiesta al personale di indossare maschere. Spesso, questo prende la forma di un'e-mail inviata in anticipo, ma i segni in tutto lo spazio possono aiutare a rafforzare le istruzioni. Questi protocolli dovrebbero essere comunicati anche a tutti gli organizzatori di eventi che lavorano con la sede.
Cibo confezionato singolarmente
Per motivi di sicurezza, la pandemia ha significato meno buffet e più cibi confezionati singolarmente. Nella maggior parte dei luoghi in cui lavora Clark, "tutto è stato confezionato singolarmente o messo in sacchetti individuali per gli ospiti".
Il Novium ha chiuso il suo caffè durante la pandemia, quindi il cibo sarà limitato ai suoi eventi. Tuttavia, Tremlett sottolinea che il museo ha diversi caffè raggiungibili a piedi. Per il prossimo pigiama party a tema spaziale, ai partecipanti viene chiesto di cenare in anticipo, ma il museo fornirà uno spuntino serale e la colazione la mattina successiva.
Il Chick-fil-A College Football Hall distribuirà borse preconfezionate dolcetto o scherzetto durante il suo evento di Halloween e bastoncini di zucchero confezionati singolarmente durante "Deck the Hall".
Tutte queste modifiche consentono alle attrazioni di produrre ancora eventi memorabili dando priorità alla sicurezza dei dipendenti e degli ospiti.<|endoftext|>From Munich to Dachau
Searching for lost stories
Both the city of Munich and the Dachau concentration camp were of special significance for the Nazis. At the Munich Documentation Center and at the Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site we will find out more about former prisoners.
It was in Munich that the rise of the Nazi movement began after World War I that was eventually to culminate in the establishment of a dictatorship. The Dachau concentration camp built in 1933 became the model for all later concentration camps. We will spend two days looking at the history of the two places and how they were connected. We will visit the Munich city center and the site of the former concentration camp in Dachau. We will learn about the persecution of political opponents of the Nazi regime and find out more about former prisoners.
Munich Documentation Center and Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site
Adults, young people, students, multipliers, teachers and school students from 11th grade upwards
Number of participants
Max. 15 people (larger groups will be divided)
360 euros per group including entrance fees. Free of charge for school classes, students, and multipliers.
In cooperation with the Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site.<|endoftext|>- Open Access
Psychology, replication & beyond
BMC Psychology volume 4, Article number: 30 (2016)
Modern psychology is apparently in crisis and the prevailing view is that this partly reflects an inability to replicate past findings. If a crisis does exists, then it is some kind of ‘chronic’ crisis, as psychologists have been censuring themselves over replicability for decades. While the debate in psychology is not new, the lack of progress across the decades is disappointing. Recently though, we have seen a veritable surfeit of debate alongside multiple orchestrated and well-publicised replication initiatives. The spotlight is being shone on certain areas and although not everyone agrees on how we should interpret the outcomes, the debate is happening and impassioned. The issue of reproducibility occupies a central place in our whig history of psychology.
In the parlance of Karl Popper, the notion of falsification is seductive – some seem to imagine that it identifies an act as opposed to a process. It often carries the misleading implication that hypotheses can be readily discarded in the face of something called a ‘failed’ replication. Popper was quite transparent when he declared “…a few stray basic statements contradicting a theory will hardly induce us to reject it as falsified. We shall take it as falsified only if we discover a reproducible effect which refutes the theory. In other words, we only accept the falsification if a low level empirical hypothesis which describes such an effect is proposed and corroborated.” (p.203: my italics). Popper
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.