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superior “Ying” of night vision. Not only are their ears more sensitive they are mobile with a cat able to move their ears through 180° to face them towards any detected sound. This enables the cat to pinpoint the position of their prey, in both direction and distance.
The mechanism of the cat’s ear responds to vibrations from about 30 kHz, or 30 cycles per second, the same lower limit as in humans.
Highly Sensitive Ears
Cat’s are able to hear sounds resonating at a far higher level than humans can detect at around 65 kHz compared with a human’s 20kHz. Cats live in a different sound world from us a world in which the high pitched squeaks of mice and other small creatures are part of everyday experience.
A mother cat can hear the plaintive cries of lost kittens that would inaudible to you and I.
This excellent hearing in the higher registers explains why, as a general rule, cats respond more readily to womens’ and childrens’ voices than to mens’. It also explains why cats sometimes sit up and pay attention to noises that their owners have not heard. The popular myths about ‘psychic’ cats which can detect disturbances long before they become evident to humans can be explained with the cat’s superior hearing. This perhaps accounts for the regularity with which cats turn up at the gate to meet their owners returning home by car. A particular car’s sound ‘signature’, as far as the cat is concerned, is probably high in the upper registers, beyond human discrimination.
Another feature of a cat’s hearing is its ability to locate the position of sounds very accurately. From a distance of about 1m it can discriminate between two sources of sound only 8cm apart. The brain is able to detect the time delay in the arrival of the two separate sound signals. This is another hunting skill, enabling the cat to locate and track its prey.
Hearing in Scottish Fold Cats
Scottish Fold Cats are a breed of cat with a distinctive genetic variation of their ear shape. Their ear shape was the result of a genetic mutation that became fixed in descendants of the cat with the original mutation, and their unique appearance has become a favourite for many cat owners.
Whilst the sensitivity of Scottish Fold Cat’s hearing remains equally as good as that of any other cat breed, their inability to swivel their ears towrd a sound to pinpoint position and distance must effect their ability to hunt. In the wild, a Scottish Fold cat would likely not do as well as a cat without this mutation. Of course, excellent pinpointing of prey is not required in a domestic cat, so they do just fine as pets!
The Quiet Life
Cats are not big on noisy environments. They are disturbed by loud noises, which is why clapping the hands and saying ‘No! ’loudly is such an effective ploy in training. A cat sharing a home with a dog will often retreat if the dog barks loudly. Not out of fear, out of disturbance. For the same reason a cat will often walk away from noisy children. When the tribe brings their rowdy friend’s home, expect Mr Whiskas to disappear.
Hearing in the Older Cat
Deafness is an ailment to which some cat breeds are prone, especially in old age. White cats historically have suffered from it in greater than average numbers, especially blue-eyed whites to the extent that in odd-eyed cats the deafness is often on the same side as the blue eye. It can affect one or both ears and is incurable.
Though hearing is so important to a cat deafness does not in fact seem to be a great disadvantage if it has been deaf from birth. Their other senses work seem to compensate Deafness does however, affect the mothering skill of a queen who cannot hear the high-pitched cries for food or help of her young kittens so if no other reason, it’s best not to let deaf queens breed.
Deafness in old age comes on gradually and is usually associated with other symptoms of ageing. Persistent shaking of the head or scratching at the pinnae may be an indication of some ear infection or may be the cat’s expression of puzzlement at its declining hearing. In some parts of Australia, ear mites are especially prevalent so if your cat is worrying at its ears, inspect them to rule this out as a cause.
There is nothing to be done about deafness in old age but the cat’s life can be made easier by making sure that it is not suddenly startled and by<|endoftext|>These Kindergarten shape tracing designs are made by tracing the same shape template several times, overlaying the shape in different directions to create a variety of interior shapes and spaces. Each table group has a variety of sizes of cardboard or plastic squares, rectangles, triangles, and circles to choose from. When giving directions, I emphasize that they should use only one shape to do all their tracings; I demonstrate this for them using a dark colored crayon for the tracing lines. I point out the variety of shapes and spaces created by the overlapping contour lines of the original shapes, and invite them to color in the spaces however they want to. I also demonstrate cutting the entire design around the outside and gluing it onto a background color that is present in the colored areas.
Interestingly, students will tackle this activity in different ways. Some want to trace the shapes next to each other rather than overlapping. Some like to make large spaces while others will make small ones. Some students take the time to select certain colors for the coloring part, or approach the coloring in a methodical way: starting with the smallest spaces, or starting with the ones nearest the center and radiating out, or starting with the outside spaces and working their way to the center. Some students jump all over the place, switching colors with each new space, while other students might use the same color for several spaces before choosing a new color.
Some students need a contour line to help them cut all around the outside of the shapes, while others grasp the concept right away. It helps to ask each student to trace with their finger where they are going to cut. There are always a couple of students, at least, who cut into the design, so it's important to keep a watchful eye and to be available with scotch tape.
When sharing these, I like to show two or three at a time and ask students to compare the colors, or count the triangles, or find other shapes that have been created by overlapping the original shape. This activity takes less than an hour, uses no special materials other than the shapes for tracing, and can be extended in a variety of ways. Students can be given limited colors to use, they can use chalk or watercolors in the spaces instead of coloring them, or they can be asked to make patterns or do rubbings inside the spaces.<|endoftext|>Durante alcune recenti interviste con il director Hidetaka Miyazaki, il leggendario sviluppatore ha specificato che Elden Ring si pone come obiettivo quello di essere il pi\u00f9 grande gioco della serie Soulsborne realizzato fin qui da FromSoftware. Dopo due anni di silenzio, la tanto attesa collaborazione tra il regista Hidetaka Miyazaki e l'autore George R.R. Martin si \u00e8 mostrata nuovamente con il recente trailer rilasciato durante il Summer Game Fest 2021 In seguito a questa insperata rivelazione, Miyazaki ha concesso un'ampia e profonda disamina di Elden Ring ai colleghi di IGN. Durante tale intervista, Miyazaki ha parlato dell'ambientazione di Elden Ring e dell'importanza di avere mondi enormi che i giocatori possono esplorare liberamente. The Lands Between \u00e8 in realt\u00e0 un nome che \u00e8 stato inventato da George R.R. Martin stesso quando stava cercando l'ispirazione per questo mondo scrivendo la sua storia e il suo profondo mito. vogliamo che le persone sentano che \u00e8 davvero come un invito a questa misteriosa nuova terra. The Lands Between sar\u00e0 composto da sei aree principali, ognuna delle quali sar\u00e0 sotto il dominio di un semidio. Miyazaki ha affermato che sar\u00e0 evidente che esiste un "ordine" su come i giocatori possono affrontare queste sei aree, ma non sar\u00e0 necessario seguirlo, esattamente come il capostipite dei Soulslike Demon's Souls: Volevamo offrire un livello libero di progressione ed esplorazione attraverso The Lands Between, quindi ci sono molti modi diversi per affrontare il gioco. Non sar\u00e0 possibile accedere a tutto dall'inizio, ma ci sono molti modi diversi per avvicinarti a ciascuna area. E ci sar\u00e0 molta libert\u00e0 anche sull'ordine in cui affrontare le diverse aree. Miyazaki ha anche specificato che ci sar\u00e0 un "hub" in maniera non dissimile dal Santuario di Dark Souls o il Nexus in Demon's Souls. Inoltre Miyazaki ha spiegato che Elden Ring sar\u00f2 pi\u00f9 grande rispetto ai titoli precedenti. Oltre ai dungeon principali dei sei domini, ci sar\u00e0 infatti anche "un'ampia variet\u00e0 di catacombe, castelli e fortezze che sono disseminati in tutta la mappa". Durante un'altra intervista rilasciata a Famitsu, l'autore si \u00e8 detto fiducioso circa l'arrivo di Elden Ring entro la data di uscita prefissata. Inoltre, \u00e8 stato specificato che il titolo avr\u00e0\u00a0 un editor\u00a0dei personaggi,\u00a0finali multipli e boss opzionali, come da tradizione per la serie. Inoltre, ci sar\u00e0 un grado di libert\u00e0 molto pi\u00f9 elevato rispetto ai precedenti titoli. Per quanto concerne le evocazioni, vera novit\u00e0 in Elden Ring, questi spiriti\u00a0potranno essere raccolti ed equipaggiati. Ci saranno diversi tipi di spiriti (da utilizzare per gli assalti, come esca, per difesa ecc.) e potranno essere potenziati. Infine, durante l'esplorazione sui campi aperti ci sar\u00e0 comunque il supporto al multiplayer, anche se non sar\u00e0 possibile cavalcare il proprio destriero in queste fasi. Insomma, Elden Ring si pone di essere il Soulslike di FromSoftware definitivo, tra varie innovazioni e punti cardini della serie Soulsborne.<|endoftext|>A heliograph (helios (Greek: Ἥλιος), meaning "sun", and γραφειν graphein, meaning "write") is a wireless solar telegraph that signals by flashes of sunlight (generally using Morse code) reflected by a mirror. The flashes are produced by momentarily pivoting the mirror, or by interrupting the beam with a shutter. The heliograph was a simple but effective instrument for instantaneous optical communication over long distances during the late 19th and early 20th century. Its main uses were military, survey and forest protection work. Heliographs were standard issue in the British and Australian armies until the 1960s, and were used by the Pakistani army as late as 1975.
There were many heliograph types. Most heliographs were variants of the British Army Mance Mark V version (Fig.1). It used a mirror with a small unsilvered spot in the centre. The sender aligned the heliograph to the target by looking at the reflected target in the mirror and moving their head until the target was hidden by the unsilvered spot. Keeping their head still, they then adjusted the aiming rod so its cross wires bisected the target. They then turned up the sighting vane, which covered the cross wires with a diagram of a cross, and aligned the mirror with the tangent and elevation screws so the small shadow that was the reflection of the unsilvered spot hole was on the cross target. This indicated that the sunbeam was pointing at the target. The flashes were produced by a keying mechanism that tilted the mirror up a few degrees at the push of a lever at the back of the instrument. If the sun was in front of the sender, its rays were reflected directly from this mirror to the receiving station. If the sun was behind the sender, the sighting rod was replaced by a second mirror, to capture the sunlight from the main mirror and reflect it to the receiving station. The U. S. Signal Corps heliograph mirror did not tilt. This type produced flashes by a shutter mounted on a second tripod (Fig 4).
The heliograph had some great advantages. It allowed long distance communication without a fixed infrastructure, though it could also be linked to make a fixed network extending for hundreds of miles, as in the fort-to-fort network used for the Geronimo campaign. It was very portable, did not require any power source, and was relatively secure since it was invisible to those not near the axis of operation, and the beam was very narrow, spreading only 50 feet per mile of range. However, anyone in the beam with the correct knowledge could intercept signals without being detected. In the Boer War, where both sides used heliographs, tubes were sometimes used to decrease the dispersion of the beam. In some other circumstances, though, a narrow beam made it difficult to stay aligned with a moving target, as when communicating from shore to a moving ship, so the British issued a dispersing lens to broaden the heliograph beam from its natural diameter of 0.5 degrees to 15 degrees.
The distance that heliograph signals could be seen depended on the clarity of the sky and the size of the mirrors used. A clear line of sight was required, and since the Earth's surface is curved, the highest convenient points were used. Under ordinary conditions, a flash could be seen 30 miles (48 km) with the naked eye, and much farther with a telescope. The maximum range was considered to be 10 miles for each inch of mirror diameter. Mirrors ranged from 1.5 inches to 12 inches or more. The record distance was established by a detachment of U.S. signal sergeants by the inter-operation of stations on Mount Ellen, Utah, and Mount Uncompahgre, Colorado, 183 miles (295 km) apart on September 17, 1894, with Signal Corps heliographs carrying mirrors only 8 inches square.
The German professor Carl Friedrich Gauss of the University of Göttingen developed and used a predecessor of the heliograph (the heliotrope) in 1821. His device directed a controlled beam of sunlight to a distant station to be used as a marker for geodetic survey work, and was suggested as a means of telegraphic communications. This is the first reliably documented heliographic device, despite much speculation about possible ancient incidents of sun-flash signalling, and the documented existence of other forms of ancient optical telegraphy.
For example, one author in 1919 chose to "hazard the theory" that the mainland signals Roman emperor Tiberius watched for from Capri were mirror flashes, but admitted "there are no references in ancient writings to the use of signaling by mirrors", and that the documented means of ancient long-range visual telecommunications was by beacon fires and beacon smoke, not mirrors.
Similarly, the story that a shield was used as a heliograph at the Battle of Marathon is a modern myth, originating in the 1800s. Herodotus never mentioned any flash. What Herodotus did write was that someone was accused of having arranged to "hold up a shield as a signal". Suspicion grew in the 1900s that the flash theory was implausible. The conclusion after testing the theory was "Nobody flashed a shield at the Battle of Marathon".
In a letter dated 3 June 1778, John Norris, High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire, England, notes: "Did this day heliograph intelligence from Dr [Benjamin] Franklin in Paris to Wycombe". However, there is little evidence that "heliograph" here is other than a misspelling of "holograph". The term "heliograph" for solar telegraphy did not enter the English language until the 1870s—even the word "telegraphy" was not coined until the 1790s.
Henry Christopher Mance (1840–1926), of the British Government Persian Gulf Telegraph Department, developed the first widely accepted heliograph about 1869 while stationed at Karachi, in the Bombay Presidency in British India. Mance was familiar with heliotropes by their use for the Great India Survey. The Mance Heliograph was operated easily by one man, and since it weighed about seven pounds, the operator could readily carry the device and its tripod. The British Army tested the heliograph in India at a range of 35 miles with favorable results. During the Jowaki Afridi expedition sent by the British-Indian government in 1877, the heliograph was first tested in war.
The simple and effective instrument that Mance invented was to be an important part of military communications for more than 60 years. The usefulness of heliographs was limited to daytimes with strong sunlight, but they were the most powerful type of visual signalling device known. In pre-radio times heliography was often the only means of communication that could span ranges of as much as 100 miles with a lightweight portable instrument.
In the United States military, by January 1880, Colonel Nelson A. Miles had established a line of heliographs connecting Fort Keogh and Fort Custer, Montana, a distance of 140 miles. In 1890, Major W. J. Volkmar of the US Army, demonstrated in Arizona and New Mexico the possibility of performing communication by heliograph over a heliograph network aggregating 2,000 miles in length. The network of communication begun by General Miles in 1886, and continued by Lieutenant W. A. Glassford, was perfected in 1889 at ranges of 85, 88, 95, and 125 miles over a rugged and broken country, which was the stronghold of the Apache and other hostile Indian tribes.
By 1887, heliographs in use included not only the British Mance and Begbie heliographs, but also the American Grugan, Garner and Pursell heliographs. The Grugan and Pursell heliographs used shutters, and the others used movable mirrors operated by a finger key. The Mance, Grugan and Pursell heliographs used two tripods, and the others one. The signals could either be momentary flashes, or momentary obscurations. In 1888, the US Signal Service reviewed all of these devices, as well as the Finley Helio-Telegraph, and finding none completely suitable, developed the US Signal Service heliograph, a two-tripod, shutter-based machine of 13 7/8 lb. total weight, and ordered 100 for a total cost of $4,205. In 1893, the number of heliographs manufactured for the US Signal Service was 133.
The heyday of the heliograph was probably the Second Boer War in South Africa, where it was much used by both the British and the Boers. The terrain and climate, as well as the nature of the campaign, made heliography a logical choice. For night communications, the British used some large Aldis lamps, brought inland on railroad cars, and equipped with leaf-type shutters for keying a beam of light into dots and dashes. During the early stages of
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بسیاری از موارد ، آنچه واقعاً اهمیت دارد این است یک سفربه این شامل سفر غذایی بصری است.
سفر بی پایان ، قسمت 1
یک دلیل بزرگ که سفر می تواند مهم باشد این است که سفر خط پایان ندارد. برای مثال ، فرض کنید می خواهید پیانیست کنسرت کلاسیک باشید. این رویای شماست. شما مطالعه می کنید و تمرین می کنید ، تمرین می کنید و مطالعه می کنید و یک بار در کارنگی هال اجرا می کنید. حورا! (خوب ، شما احتمالاً ابتدا در مکانهای کنسرت کوچکتر اجرا کرده اید ، اما هنوز.)
شما مطمئناً حرفه بالایی دارید ، اما آیا این واقعیت دارد؟ آیا سفر شما به پایان رسیده است؟ خیر شما هرگز یادگیری را متوقف نمی کنید ، هرگز رشد خود را متوقف نمی کنید. من خوانده ام که پیانیست های کنسرت 3 تا 4 ساعت در روز تمرین می کنند و حتی رقاصان اولیه باله هر روز یاد می گیرند که مهارت ها و تکنیک های خود را اصلاح کنند.
من کاملاً مطمئن هستم که حتی پیانیست های نخبه روزهایی دارند که موسیقی را احساس نمی کنند ، یا در اجرای قطعه ای که صد بار به زیبایی آن را اجرا کرده اند اشتباه می کنند. آنها ممکن است ارائه ای داشته باشند که تکنیک آنها کامل باشد ، اما روح کافی را در آن وارد نکرده اند. به همین ترتیب ، یک رقاص در بالای رشته خود می تواند صدمه ببیند یا بهترین عملکرد خود را انجام دهد زیرا با مشکلات شخصی جدی خارج از صحنه دست و پنجه نرم می کند.
در مورد خوردن بصری نیز چنین است. نیاز به مطالعه و تمرین دارد. زندگی تمرین. جایی که من می بینم مردم گیر می کنند زمانی است که “خوردن بصری” را می خوانند ، اما در واقع مهارت هایی مانند ایجاد گرسنگی و سیری و ایجاد صلح با همه غذاها را تمرین نکنید. آنها از نظر فکری “دریافت می کنند” ، اما متوجه می شوند که اگرچه از نظر فنی به خود اجازه می دهند همه غذا را بخورند ، اما هنوز در خوردن احساس گناه می کنند. مسلم – قطعی خوراکی ها. به عبارت دیگر ، “اجازه” آنها برای خوردن بیشتر شبیه یک مجوز شبه بود.
سفر بی پایان ، قسمت دوم
حتی وقتی می توانید به درستی بگویید که یک خورده شهودی هستید ، شما آن را مطالعه کرده اید ، آن را تمرین کرده اید ، آن را زندگی کرده اید ، آن را درونی کرده اید ، دستان خود را گردگیری نمی کنید و خود را “تمام شده” اعلام نمی کنید.
چرا؟ زیرا شما هنوز در فرهنگ رژیم غذایی زندگی می کنید. اگرچه مهارت های خوردن بصری طبیعی است زیرا همه ما با آنها متولد شده ایم ، اما اینطور نیست به نظر می رسد طبیعی است ، زیرا اکثر مردم اهل خوردن بصری نیستند. ما به طور جمعی در آبهای رژیم غذایی شنا می کنیم ، نه آبهای خوردن شهودی.
در حال حاضر ، ما می توانیم کارهایی را انجام دهیم تا بر کیفیت آبی که در آن شنا می کنیم تأثیر بگذارد – و در واقع ، من همین کار را توصیه می کنم.
- دنبال کردن افراد و گروه ها در شبکه های اجتماعی که از خوردن بصری ، پذیرش برای همه بدن ها و مراقبت از خود مثبت حمایت می کنند.
- همچنان که به احتمال زیاد در حال دور شدن از فرهنگ رژیم غذایی هستید ، به پادکست ها گوش دهید و کتاب هایی در این زمینه بخوانید.
- همچنان محدودیت هایی را در مورد گفتار رژیم غذایی و نظرات سنگین دیگران تعیین می کند.
- به میزان گرسنه و کامل ادامه دهید و با کمی توجه به وعده های غذایی دسترسی پیدا کنید.
به طور فعال به تمرین مهارت های خوردن بصری و مهارت های پذیرش بدن خود ادامه دهید و احاطه شدن با منابعی که شما را با خوردن بصری و فلسفه های مرتبط مرتبط می کند ، می تواند به شما کمک کند تا مسیر خود را نسبتاً هموار طی کنید. همچنین می تواند به شما کمک کند تا در اسرع وقت با احساس ترحم به خود و عدم قضاوت در واقع در حال برخورد با مانعی باشید یا زندگی برای شما منحنی ایجاد کند.
سریع برخورد می کند ، می چرخد و به جلو می چرخد
فرض کنید شما قبل از شروع سفر غذایی بصری خود یک غذای عاطفی جدی بودید. سپس ، با خوردن بصری ، شما توانستید جعبه ابزار استقامتی متنوع تری بسازید ، به طوری که وقتی شرایط سخت شد ، خوردن احساسی دیگر اصلی ترین کار شما نبود. اما پس از آن شما همیشه روز خالی دارید. و در جستجوی راحتی ، مستقیماً به غذا می روید. زیاده روی نکنید ، 200 دلار جمع آوری نکنید.
بسیار خوب ، این اتفاق می افتد. احساسات خود را بیش از حد احساس کردید و به غذا روی آوردید. شاید آن زمان واقعاً مهربان ترین انتخاب بود (خوردن بصری اصل شماره 7: احساسات خود را با مهربانی تحمل کنید) ، شاید شما فقط فکر نمی کردید. سریع ضربه خوردی شما در خروجی ای رفتید که واقعاً نمی خواستید از آن خارج شوید. اتفاق می افتد. شما شکست نخورید … این فقط بخشی از سفر است.
این ایده که وقتی به چیزی نگاه می کنیم ، راه دستیابی به آن ، کاملاً خطی خواهد بود ، همانطور که در تصویر بالا آمده است ، واقعاً به فکر رژیم غذایی است.به همانطور که در مورد “من این رژیم را شروع می کنم و سپس هفته ای X پوند کاهش می دهم و سپس به وزن مورد نظر خود می رسم و همه چیز فقط هلو خواهد بود.” این ایده آنقدر اشتباه دارد که برای تجزیه و تحلیل آن به یک پست وبلاگ دیگر نیاز است. اما کافی است به این نکته بسنده کنیم که فارغ از این واقعیت که همه ما متولد شده ایم و همه خواهیم مرد ، در زندگی چیز کمی کاملاً خطی است. بنابراین چرا باید با غذا رابطه صلح آمیز برقرار کنید و بدن شما متفاوت خواهد بود؟
گاهی اوقات ، مقصد بخشی از سفر است
برگردیم به قیاس سفر من به پاریس. (چون پاریس.) بنابراین سفر طولانی مدت هواپیما هدف شما از رفتن نیست. این فقط یک منبع برای پایان دلخواه شما است. اما بعد از رسیدن شما (منظورم به جز جت لگ) چه اتفاقی می افتد؟ آیا فقط در اتاق هتل خود نشسته اید یا Airbnb؟ امیدوارم اینطور نباشه! نه ، شما برای کاوش بیرون می روید.
و … امیدوارم شما کاری را که من اولین بار در پاریس بودم انجام ندهید. یعنی ، لیستی دقیق از کارها و مکانهای دیدنی داشته باشید که سعی می کنید حتی اگر احساس خستگی می کنید در آنها بمانید و اوه ، یک نگاهی به این کافه زیبا بیندازید که ای کاش می توانستیم آن را متوقف کنیم ، اما ما یک ITINERARY داریم!
نه ، امیدوارم در مورد معماری معماری ، نقاشی ها ، خواربارفروشی های مختلف خانگی در مونوپریکس ، جایی که آن خیابان کوچک و آسفالت شده جذاب است ، تعجب کنید ، چگونه می توان با کفش های پاشنه بلند دوچرخه سواری کرد ، خواه گربه ساکن در شکسپیر و شرکت (اینجا گربه واقعی در بالا) امروز آن را نوازش می کند – و چگونه پنیر ، شراب و نان می توانند به طرز وحشتناکی شگفت انگیز و در عین حال ارزان باشند.
به عبارت دیگر ، مقصد به سفر پر پیچ و خم خودش تبدیل می شود. (تنها ثباتی که ما در سفرهایمان در پاریس در حال حاضر داریم این است که شبی که وارد می شویم در همان رستوران معتبر اما نه لوکس غذا می خوریم و همیشه عصر چهارشنبه به لوور می رویم و بازدید خود را در اتاق مجسمه بزرگ به پایان می بریم ، بمان تا زمانی که آنها به معنای واقعی کلمه ما را بیرون بیندازند. عشق من به آن مجسمه ها به اندازه آنها ابدی است.)
وقتی یک ماشین جدید یا یک خانه جدید می گیرید ، آیا سفر شما به پایان رسیده است؟ خیر مطمئناً مراقبت و نگهداری زیادی وجود دارد ، اما شما همچنین با ماشین خود سفر می کنید و در خانه خود به یاد می آورید. این نیز بخشی از سفر است.
فکر نهایی
بنابراین وقتی در حال غذا خوردن و پذیرش بدن خود هستید و همه چیز خوب بوده است ، و ناگهان حال آنها خوب نیست ، مشکلی نیست. یا زمانی که انتظار داشتید در آزادراه باشید و در عوض متوجه می شوید که در جاده ای آسفالته به آرامی حرکت می کنید ، این هم اشکالی ندارد.
سفر زمان می برد. برای هر شخص متفاوت به نظر می رسد. و هیچ هدف نهایی و مطلق وجود ندارد. خط پایان ندارد بدون پست هدف این امر به ارمغان آوردن صلح غذایی بیشتر ، پذیرش جسمانی بیشتر (یا احترام یا عشق یا آزادی) ، ترحم بیشتر به خود ، کنجکاوی بیشتر در زندگی شما می انجامد. این یک یادگیری تدریجی از فرهنگ رژیم غذایی است که در هر دستشویی یا کامیونی که از آن عبور می کنید کمی عقب می ماند (و هنگام سوار شدن از گرفتن آن خودداری می کنید).
به امید خدا ، ما هرگز از یادگیری و رشد دست نمی کشیم. و این شامل یادگیری درباره خودمان است تا بتوانیم رشد و پیشرفت کنیم.
کری دنت یک متخصص تغذیه ، نویسنده مستقل ، مشاور غذای شهودی ، نویسنده و سخنران ثبت شده در شمال غربی اقیانوس آرام است. ابرقدرت های او عبارتند از: شکستن افسانه های تغذیه ای و برای توانمندسازی زنان احساس بهتری در بدن خود دارند و انتخاب های غذایی را انجام می دهند که از لذت ، تغذیه و سلامتی پشتیبانی می کند.
این پست را چاپ کنید<|endoftext|>Razze di cani più sane:
- Shiba inu: Questa razza giapponese è conosciuta per la sua salute robusta. Sono generalmente resistenti alle malattie genetiche e hanno una buona aspettativa di vita.
- Cane da pastore australiano o Kelpie: Queste razze sono conosciute per la loro resistenza e robustezza. Hanno una buona salute e sono generalmente privi di problemi di salute comuni.
- Basenji: Questi cani sono noti per essere una delle razze più antiche al mondo e sono generalmente sani. Hanno una buona resistenza e sono meno inclini a sviluppare malattie ereditarie.
- Border collie: Questa razza è conosciuta per la sua intelligenza e la sua buona salute. Sono generalmente privi di problemi di salute ereditari e hanno una buona aspettativa di vita.
- Husky siberiano: Questa razza è conosciuta per la sua resistenza e robustezza. Sono generalmente sani e hanno una buona aspettativa di vita.
- Pastore belga di Malines: Questa razza è nota per la sua eccellente salute. Sono generalmente privi di malattie ereditarie e hanno una buona aspettativa di vita.
- Foxhound inglese: Questa razza è conosciuta per la sua salute robusta. Sono generalmente resistenti alle malattie e hanno una buona aspettativa di vita.
- Affenpinscher: Questa razza è nota per la sua buona salute. Sono generalmente privi di problemi di salute ereditari e hanno una buona aspettativa di vita.
Queste sono solo alcune delle razze di cani che sono generalmente più sane rispetto ad altre. È importante ricordare che la salute di un cane dipende anche dalle cure e dall’alimentazione che riceve, quindi assicurati di fornire al tuo cane una dieta equilibrata e le cure veterinarie necessarie per mantenerlo in salute.
Qual è il cane che ha meno problemi di salute?
Il Beagle è considerato una delle razze di cani più sane e robuste. La sua natura da cane da caccia lo rende un atleta nato, e di conseguenza, di solito presenta pochi problemi di salute. Tuttavia, come per tutte le razze canine, ci sono alcune condizioni a cui i Beagle possono essere predisposti.
Una delle principali preoccupazioni per i Beagle è l’obesità. Questa razza ha un grande appetito e tende ad ingrassare facilmente se non viene controllata la quantità e la qualità del cibo. L’obesità può portare ad una serie di problemi di salute, come problemi cardiaci, diabete e stress sulle articolazioni.
Un’altra condizione comune nei Beagle è l’ipocondroplasia, che è una forma di nanismo. Questo può causare problemi alle ossa e alle articolazioni, e può portare a dolori e difficoltà di movimento. È importante fare attenzione all’alimentazione e all’esercizio fisico dei Beagle per prevenire l’insorgenza di problemi legati alla crescita.
Inoltre, i Beagle possono essere predisposti ad alcune condizioni genetiche come la displasia dell’anca e la malattia oculare ereditaria. Queste condizioni richiedono una corretta valutazione genetica dei cani riproduttori per ridurre il rischio di trasmissione ai cuccioli.
Nonostante queste potenziali preoccupazioni, il Beagle rimane una razza generalmente sana e robusta. Con una corretta alimentazione, esercizio fisico regolare e cure veterinarie adeguate, il Beagle può vivere una vita lunga e felice senza problemi di salute significativi.
In conclusione, se stai cercando un cane con meno problemi di salute, il Beagle potrebbe essere una buona scelta. Tuttavia, è importante ricordare che ogni cane è un individuo e potrebbe manifestare problemi di salute diversi. È sempre consigliabile fare una ricerca approfondita sulla razza che si desidera avere come animale domestico e consultare un veterinario per consigli specifici sulle cure e la salute del cane.
Quali sono i cani con più problemi?
Le 5 razze di cani con più problemi di salute sono il Dogue de Bordeaux, il Rottweiler, il Golden Retriever, il Terranova e il Bullmastiff. Questi cani possono avere una serie di problemi di salute che richiedono cure e attenzioni specifiche.
Il Dogue de Bordeaux è un cane molto amato per la sua bellezza e il suo portamento elegante, ma purtroppo è anche una razza che può avere numerosi problemi di salute. Tra le principali patologie che possono colpire questa razza ci sono la displasia dell’anca, la torsione dello stomaco, le malattie cardiache e i problemi dermatologici.
Il Rottweiler è un cane di grande taglia e forza, ma è anche una razza che può essere predisposta a vari problemi di salute. Tra le principali patologie che possono colpire questa razza ci sono la displasia dell’anca, la displasia del gomito, le malattie cardiache e l’obesità.
Il Golden Retriever è un cane molto dolce e affettuoso, ma purtroppo è anche una razza che può avere alcuni problemi di salute. Tra le principali patologie che possono colpire questa razza ci sono la displasia dell’anca, la displasia del gomito, le malattie oculari e le malattie cardiache.
Il Terranova è un cane di grande taglia e forza, ma è anche una razza che può essere predisposta a vari problemi di salute. Tra le principali patologie che possono colpire questa razza ci sono la displasia dell’anca, la displasia del gomito, le malattie cardiache e i problemi respiratori.
Il Bullmastiff è un cane di grande taglia e forza, ma è anche una razza che può essere predisposta a vari problemi di salute. Tra le principali patologie che possono colpire questa razza ci sono la displasia dell’anca, la displasia del gomito, le malattie cardiache e l’obesità.
È importante sottolineare che questi sono solo alcuni dei problemi di salute che possono colpire queste razze di cani e che ogni cane è un individuo unico con le proprie caratteristiche e predisposizioni genetiche. Se hai un cane di una di queste razze o stai pensando di adottarne uno, è importante consultare un veterinario per garantire la sua salute e il suo benessere.
Qual è il cane più delicato?
Uno dei cani più delicati in assoluto è il Bovaro del Bernese. Questa razza, originaria della Svizzera, si distingue per la sua bellezza e il suo carattere dolce e affettuoso. Tuttavia, a causa delle sue dimensioni imponenti, può essere più delicato di altri cani.
Il Bovaro del Bernese è un cane di taglia grande, che può raggiungere un peso compreso tra i 35 e i 55 kg. Questo significa che ha bisogno di una dieta equilibrata e di un adeguato esercizio fisico per mantenere il suo peso ideale. Inoltre, la sua struttura corporea massiccia può renderlo più suscettibile a problemi articolari, come la displasia dell’anca o del gomito.
Oltre ai problemi articolari, il Bovaro del Bernese può anche essere predisposto ad altre malattie genetiche, come il tumore e la torsione dello stomaco. È quindi importante monitorare attentamente la sua salute e portarlo regolarmente dal veterinario per controlli e vaccinazioni.
Per quanto riguarda la cura del mantello, il Bovaro del Bernese ha un pelo lungo e folto che richiede una spazzolatura regolare per evitare la formazione di nodi e tappeti. Occasionalmente, potrebbe essere necessario anche un taglio del pelo per mantenere l’igiene e la pulizia.
Qual è il cane più resistente al mondo?
In testa alla lista delle razze canine per la sua forza e potenza fisica si trova il Dogo Argentino. Si tratta di una razza molossoide di tipo dogue originaria della regione di Córdoba in Argentina. Il Dogo Argentino è stato selezionato per la sua resistenza e resistenza al lavoro duro, che lo rende uno dei cani più adatti per svolgere compiti impegnativi.
Il Dogo Argentino è un cane di taglia grande, muscoloso e possente. Ha una struttura fisica robusta e una grande agilità. Queste caratteristiche lo rendono un ottimo compagno per attività come la caccia, l’addestramento al lavoro e gli sport canini.
La
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“晚上它变得非常寂寞，年轻人对所有"破房"非常害怕，”她说，并补充说她会支持实施一个邻里守望计划。
“我有想法，但我从来没有把它吸引到任何邻居的注意，但我认为ighbourhood watch会有所帮助。
“在这里长大，我们从未遇到过这个问题，但就在一个月前，我的邻居，”女士Skeete的店铺是第一家，我们一直在监控情况。就在上周，我听说还有另外两所房子被闯进来，现金被盗了。
Jacqueline Skeete（"Skeete女士"）在她的房子和相邻的商店遭到入室盗窃时被剥
(责任编辑：江苏福彩)<|endoftext|>This section prevents either state or federal government, including ballot initiatives, from delegating these public functions to any private organization, corporation, or individual.
Please note, this doesn't prevent delegation to independent commissions, an option states have begun to explore.
But to safeguard accountability to the public and to consist with Section 9 the officers of any commission must be elected or appointed and its staff must be civil servants.
The Constitution doesn't delegate any right or power over governance outside of our representative government. These electoral functions are far too central to our system’s functioning to exempt from public accountability
(see Public vs Private Conduct, Ending Private, Partisan or Foreign Electoral Control, and Redistricting Without Gerrymandering).
Political parties have had growing involvement in the political process for a long time. This section doesn’t prevent any involvement, but partisanship has become a serious problem in government.
This amendment doesn’t address party involvement in government in general. It requires public control of these specific functions,
ending simple partisan abuses and complex collusive practices like parties’ “trading” years or races.
Accountability in the political process is a large subject, but it’s time we did the heavy lifting. We need it more every year, and it won’t correct itself. Each of these is appropriate for amendment because they involve fundamental principles of governance (see Making Elections Work).
• This page demonstrates that the Constitution implies and even expresses that public electoral functions must remain public.
• The Impartiality Clause works with Sections 1 and 3 to place reasonable limits on partisanship.
• Balancing Electoral Powers helps to keep state and federal electoral powers in balance.
• Preventing Voter Fraud and Foreign Nationals and Voting address the accountability of voters and local electoral officers.
Article I, Section 9:
"No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: and no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince or foreign State."
Amendment XXVIII, (proposed), Section 2:
"[…] and impartially conducted elections, […]No private person or entity will conduct granting, apportionment, districting, or the holding, tallying, monitoring, or auditing of elections."
The governance conduct the Titles of Nobility clause prohibits is
creating another level of governance, a granted, privately-held right to govern.
No power in the Constitution can be transferred with a private transfer of property,
or be immune from accountability to the people.
The Public Elections clause restores and details this clause.
What does the Title of Nobility clause in Article I, Section 9 mean?
Interpreted narrowly, it might seem that only Dukes, Earls and so on would be prohibited.
But it's not a refutation of the concept of noble blood.
First, it addresses government grants rather than divine favor.
"Royal blood" had already been refuted here, in 1776.
Second, its corresponding clause forbids our government officers' accepting not just titles
but presents, money, or offices from foreign governments unless Congress okays it*.
Why aren't the paired clauses exactly the same?
Article IV, Section 4 defines our form of government as republican, not royalist,
and Articles I, II and III make clear that we don't use nobles but elected and appointed officers.
Then why have the first clause at all?
Because titles of nobility aren't just for show: titled nobles govern people.
The second clause prevents official or entangling involvement with foreign governments of all kinds,
not just monarchies; so its partner clause prevents official or entangling involvement with our government.
Privatized governance functions aren't representative,
the form of governance Article IV, Section 4 guarantees us.
Amendments IX and X don’t allow it either: it creates another unit and level of
governance rights and powers besides the individual, the people in the aggregate, the Constitution,
and state (states charter local governments), District of Columbia and United States government.
Property, including shares, can be sold or inherited.
Tying any governance function's rights and powers to it effectively grants a title of nobility to its owners by creating another kind of property, of government and of personhood.
Since no such unit or level would logically consist with many clauses
or relate to any ordained and established rights or powers in any coherent way,
it wouldn’t be feasible without rewriting the whole Constitution,
generally a sign of a bad idea.
There are already safeguards in the text to keep Presidents or members of Congress from accepting bribes (see McDonnell v USfor the fundamental ones).
Article I, section 6 prevents members of Congress from double-dipping – they can’t hold any other government office while serving. This safeguard is designed to keep them from granting money or powers to each other, or to accept it from state machines or private actors.
And in Article II, section 1, the Domestic Emoluments clause prevents Presidents specifically from profiting from any federal or state appropriation or contract. This existing safeguard is designed to keep privatization from being too tempting in the executive branch, and to keep Presidential candidates from accepting bribes from state machines or private actors.
Article II, section 1:
“…The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall be neither increased nor reduced during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. […]”
The two safeguards above cover two forms of bribery: among government officers, or from private actors to government. This leaves the Titles of Nobility clause covering the other kind of bribery:
from government to private actors.
Except for judges,
appointments that outlast administrations have fixed terms,
keeping them subject to the electorate at one remove.
And because even Supreme Court Justices can be impeached for bad behavior,
no position is for life in the royalist sense.
But even though several clauses prohibit privatization of government functions in different ways,
it still happens.
We've tried to avoid Section 9 problems by using contracts.
But making decisions regarding granting, apportionment, districting
or the holding, tallying, monitoring or auditing of elections
is too much power over the electorate's role in the political process to be privately exercised.
Every clause in this amendment depends on public electoral functions remaining accountable to the people - and the people can't impeach or refuse to reelect private contractors.
We can't even break the contracts.
The Public Elections clause adds a focus for legislation and enforcement.
This is the only proposed solution as of 2016 that keeps our central electoral functions public.
Making the political process more accountable requires it (see Ending Private, Partisan or Foreign Control). It doesn't replace any clauses, however, or limit their action to electoral functions.
Amendment XXVIII, (proposed), Section 5:
“The United States will fund the direction of exercise of its offices.”
Section 5 works with this section by requiring that only the United States may guide official decisions,
not party or other private interest (see Disarming Corruption).
Section 1, which establishes Constitutional governance of campaigning, works with this section
by keeping certification and funding public
Article IV, Section 4 already vests the responsibility to monitor and audit in the United States.
Monitoring will probably be done by the Executive branch, which enforces the law,
but the General Accounting Office (GAO) of the United States, under the Legislative branch,
is likely to conduct the audits.
*(Although not the question at hand here, the current question of whether this list includes a President’s corporate profits isn’t very promising: the courts consider corporate profits shielded from personal liability by the very nature of corporate shares, and the list’s other terms – “present, office, or title” – are all things that are given directly to a person, not to a corporation to be subsequently divided among shareholders. The “noscitur a sociis” canon requires similarities in lists to be upheld.
This means we’d have to either amend the Constitution to add shared benefits or redefine corporations to end the personal liability shield. Since the corporate liability shield has been a legal and economic disaster, we’d vote for ending it.
The other problem is that the clause is being pushed as a means of impeachment when all it takes to overcome it is Congress' okay. Since both houses' majorities match the President's party, they'd just okay it. Because of this, this whole controversy seems phony.)<|endoftext|>Adet Düzensizliği Neden Olur? Nasıl Tedavi Edilir?
Adet döneminiz, adetin ilk gününden bir sonraki dönemin ilk gününe kadar sayılır. 38 günden uzunsa veya bu süre sürekli değişiyorsa, adet düzensizliği olarak kabul edilir.
Düzensizliğin hormonal dengesizliklerden diğer altta yatan koşullara kadar birçok nedeni olabilir.
Adet Düzensizliği Nedenleri
Hamilelik: Hamilelik döneminiz, altınıza kaçırmanıza veya lekelenme yaşamanıza neden olabilir . Aynı zamanda adet düzensizliği yapar.
Hormonal doğum kontrolü: Hormonal doğum kontrol hapları ve hormon içeren intrauterin cihazlar, kadınlarda düzensiz kanama yapabilmektedir.
Emzirme: Prolactin, anne sütü üretiminden sorumlu olan bir hormondur. Prolactin, üreme hormonlarınızı bastırırken emzirme döneminde çok hafif kanamalara neden olur. Buda adet düzensizliği olarak adlandırılır.
Perimenopoz: Perimenopoz , menopoza girmeden önceki geçiş aşamasıdır . Genellikle 40’lı yaşlarında başlar, ancak daha erken ortaya çıkabilir.
Fazla kilolu olmak: Obezitenin adet düzensizliği için yeterli bir sebeptir. Araştırmalar , fazla kilonun menstrüel siklusunuza müdahale edebilecek hormon ve insülin seviyelerini etkilediğini göstermektedir .
Aşırı egzersiz: Yoğun veya aşırı egzersizin menstrüasyondan sorumlu hormonları engellediği gösterilmiştir .
Stres: Stres, beyninizin döngüsünü düzenleyen hormonları kontrol eden kısmına geçici olarak müdahale ederek, adet döngüsüne müdahale edebileceğini göstermektedir .
Rahim ağzı kanseri: Rahim ağzı ve endometriyal kanserler adet dönemlerinde veya dönemler arasında kanamanın yanı sıra adet döngüsünde değişikliklere neden olabilir.
Adet Düzensizliği Tedavisi
Adet düzensizliği tedavisi, düzensiz dönemlerinizin neyin sebep olduğuna bağlıdır. Düzensizliğin altında yatan tıbbi durumun tedavisi gerekebilir. Doktorunuz tedavi için Oral kontraseptifleri, hormonal RİA’ları, tiroid ilaçları, metformin, kilo alımı, egzersiz ve D vitamini takviyeleri önerebilir. Eğer daha ciddi bir hastalığınız var ise doktorunuz buna göre bir tedavi yöntemi önerecektir. Bu yüzden böyle bir hastalığınız var ise doktorunuz ile görüşmeniz gerekmektedir.
Dengeli bir diyet yemek, düzenli egzersiz yapmak ve stresten kaçınmak, adet düzensizliği tedavisi için yardımcı olabilir.<|endoftext|>（原标题：被查后， 酒驾女子打电话找代驾，交警：晚了！）
2020年11月3日，景县交警在辖区开展酒后驾驶查处行动，22时许，在对一辆冀TP1xxx小型轿车检查时，发现驾驶员王某浑身散发着酒气，随即对其进行呼气式酒精检测，检测结果为57mg/100ml，属饮酒后驾驶机动车。
在查处过程中，驾驶员王某对自己的酒精检测结果表示诧异，称：我就喝了一瓶啤酒。
民警：只要喝了酒，就不能开车。酒后，你可以找代驾。
王某听闻，便打起电话，称要找代驾。对此，民警苦笑不已，并表示：应该开车之前叫代驾，现在晚了!
据王某交代：当晚和朋友在某饭店吃饭，期间喝了些许酒，本以为喝的酒少，不会被查。不料，驾车回家路上被交警查处！
现驾驶员王某因实施饮酒后驾驶机动车的交通违法行为被依法给予罚款1000元，驾驶证暂扣6个月，记12分的处罚。<|endoftext|>Ted McCadden (at Penn State) discussed how identity formation occurs through performance work, especially with pop culture and mass communication.
He uses psychoanalytic branches of transformative learning theory (Boyd and Myers, Dirkxx) and critical media literacy as the theoretical overview. Take the transformative learning model and add on how the receiver of the message who receives a message and acts upon it (from critical media literacy and method acting). Add to this how the actor is involved in the process.
American theatre either reflects American culture or satirizes it. In this way, theatre can reinforce the entire hegemonic notions that it seeks to criticize. He is showing various video clips (not a single one, surprise . . . surprise, do I recognize!).
Method acting has an actor in the center of the I / Me / Character, so the actor feels and experiences what the character is experiencing, in order to make it convincing. How does a character portray something about which they have no experience.
Transformative learning theory focuses on the positive, though what happens when there is negative learning or negative experiences? God questions that were just raised and about which I need to think a lot about.
The discussion around what rights people have with transformative learning, when frames of reference are intentionally challenged.
Verisimilitude—your culture that is the recipient of the message must understand your message. Really interesting concept from method acting.
I think I need to know more about critical media literacy. This is around the mass media, so the people who are receiving the messages are interpreted in our own ways through our own lenses.<|endoftext|>by Jorgen Randers
[First of three parts]
My answer is available in 2052 – A Global Forecast for the Next forty Years (see www.2052.info). The main message is simple: I predict that the world average temperature will surpass plus 2°Celsius over preindustrial times – the internationally agreed danger threshold – in 2052. And continue upwards, condemning our grandchildren to the likelihood of climate disaster in the second half of the 21st century.
This means that the global future will resemble one of the twelve scenarios from The Limits to Growth in 1972. The world will follow the “persistent pollution scenario” – overshoot and collapse with CO2 as the “persistent” pollutant, which once emitted resides in the atmosphere with a half life of a hundred years.
I do not forecast an energy crisis, a resource crisis, a food crisis, a water crisis – or the realisation of one of the more optimistic scenarios from Limits. I believe that man-made greenhouse gas emissions will prove to be the real problem.
This is because the human footprint will be smaller than most people expect. The future world population and GDP will be much lower than commonly forecast: The global population will peak at 8 billion around 2040, and the world GDP will only grow at 2% per year to 2052 – half historical rates. There are two major reasons: women will choose to have fewer children and economies will find it more difficult to grow as they mature. As a consequence humans will use fewer resources. And rising greenhouse gas emissions will be the critical factor shaping our life on Earth. Climate change will trump resource scarcity. One consequence will be a smaller world economy in 2052. Another will more poverty than commonly forecast.
Climate emissions could easily have been reduced if humanity decided to take action, but humanity won’t because of myopia—simply look at the tepid goals and strategies adopted by the Rio+20 conference and the automatic negative reaction by the younger generation of climate activists They know from past experience that there will be insufficient investment in solutions. A good life for our grandchildren is being sacrificed for short term gain for ourselves. In modern democratic market economies, investments mainly flow to what is profitable, not what is needed.
The short term nature of markets could be modified by legislation – as for example a tax on carbon. My point is that this is unlikely to happen in democratic society, because the voter is focused on short term income growth. Most voters won’t support higher prices for gasoline and electricity. Another solution could be new supranational institutions that impose a common long term perspective on nation states. But a full 20 years of talking after Rio 1992 has produced little progress.
Luckily my forecast is a cliff hanger. A small change in the human response would suffice to create much better life for our grandchildren. For example shifting one to two percent of the global work force and global capital into climate friendly sectors would do the trick. Auto workers could make electric cars rather than fossil fuel ones, build solar plants rather than coal fired plants, and construct smaller well-insulated homes rather than big un-insulated ones. The income loss would be small, the effect on distribution – the split between now and the future – big and desirable.
At the aggregate level the need is to introduce systems of governance that place more emphasis on long term effects: Global society needs structural long-termism to counter current short termism. For example temporary techno-dictators or a global central bank for climate gas emissions rights.
Concretely, in order to create a better world for our grandchildren, we should:
- Have fewer children, especially in the rich world.
- Reduce the ecological footprint, first by slowing the use of coal, oil and gas in the rich world.
- Construct a low-carbon energy system in the poor world, paid for by the rich.
- Create institutions that counter national short-termism.
- Next: Forty More Years of Slow Growth<|endoftext|>Bipolar chopper drivers - tradeoffs of various connection options
Two phase stepper motors are supplied in four main wiring
formats: 4, 6, 8 and 5 wires. The first 3 are usable with
bipolar drivers, and we will discuss each in turn.
A (two phase) bipolar stepper driver has 2 pairs of bi-directional
power circuits (I'll call them phase A and phase B). Therefore,
phase A has a pair of terminals, and phase B has another pair of
terminals, for a total of 4
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affect our health in a negative way.
What do you think? Is it possible to eliminate sugar from your life?<|endoftext|>Although we're nearly a month past the shortest day of the year and we get a few added minutes of sunlight with each passing day, we've still got a couple of months to go before the first day of spring gets here. After the excitement of the holidays pass, we get into the depths of winter, when it can sometimes be hard to get out of bed. With cold temperatures, gray skies and frosty windshields, it's tempting to stay in bed and hibernate! For many of us, winter causes seasonal depression—about half a million people are affected each year by Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and thousands more get a milder form of the winter blues, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Symptoms of SAD include lethargy, low self-esteem, anxiety, sleepiness and the desire to be alone. While the causes of SAD aren't certain, the Mayo Clinic says the reduction in sunlight can cause a change in our biological clocks, a drop in levels of serotonin (which keeps us from getting depressed) and a disruption in the hormone melatonin (which affects sleep patterns).
Fortunately, a few easy behavior modifications can help us fight sad.
1. Work with the sun: As we discussed in this recent article, simply giving yourself daily access to sunlight can help. If privacy isn't a concern, sleep with your curtains open so the morning sun can help you wake up. Start the day with a daily dose of sunshine, in the form of a brisk walk around the block (I know this can be hard to do in cold winter temperatures, but it truly does help!). If you work indoors all day, make time to take three 10-minute walks throughout the course of the day. Then, at night, avoid blue-based lights such as those from televisions and computer screens. These lights mimic the color quality of sunlight and can disrupt our release of melatonin, keeping us awake and not allowing us to follow our healthy, natural sleep patterns.
2. Get exercise: Exercise naturally releases endorphins in our brains, which help us feel happier. Regular exercise also helps us sleep better, allowing us to keep a regular sleep pattern. If you exercise outdoors, you're also giving your body a daily dose of fresh air and sunshine—two of our bodies' requirements it can be easy to miss in winter.
3. Light therapy: If you suffer from severe SAD or if you live in a place where dreary days make it hard to EVER get sunlight, consider bright light therapy. Light therapy boxes radiate a very bright light, similar to sunlight. Exposure to the light is said to produce a change in brain chemicals that helps improve your mood.
4. Supplements: Exposure to sunlight allows our bodies to manufacture vitamin D, a vital nutrient for immune system regulation, metabolism and brain health. When we don't get enough sunlight, we might be creating insufficient levels of vitamin D. A supplement can help. If we're getting virtually no sunlight, here are our vitamin D requirements, according to this article from Medical News Today.
Children up to 13 years - 5 mcg (200 IU)
14-18 years - 5 mcg (200 IU)
19-50 years - 5mcg (200 IU)
51-70 years - 10 mcg (400 IU)
71+ years - 15 mcg (600 IU)<|endoftext|>Childhood obesity has become epidemic in the United States. Results from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicate that an estimated 17% of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years are obese compared to only 5% in 1971. According to the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, obesity rates for 10 to 17-year-old children range from 10% in Oregon to 22% in Mississippi.
Because of this alarming increase in childhood obesity, health behavior modification and nutrition education of school children have become a major focus area of LPI’s outreach and education program. In the 2009/10 school year, we conducted a year-long study to increase fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity among elementary school children in 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades at a school in Corvallis, Oregon. The study was a success: 75 percent of enrolled students completed the study and improved their dietary and exercise habits, and many students lost weight (LPI Fitness & Nutrition Study). One important lesson we learned, however, was that we need to further develop and improve our nutrition education curriculum to increase its effectiveness and have a greater impact on the children's health behavior. To this end, we recruited a highly qualified graduate student—and former elementary school teacher—from the Department of Mathematics and Science Education at Oregon State University, who will help us develop a professional, effective nutrition curriculum.Description of the Project
The nutrition curriculum will reflect the core tenets of LPI regarding a healthy diet and lifestyle and will be divided into three age-appropriate segments:
This allows a student entering kindergarten to be exposed to the entire nutrition curriculum over the course of his/her elementary school years. We believe that a successful nutrition curriculum needs to be engaging and tied to other subject areas that the students are studying in school, making the content of the curriculum more meaningful and applicable. It will also make it easier for the teachers to incorporate the curriculum into their lesson plan. Therefore, our curriculum will include many hands-on activities that relate to math, science, and English language skills.Goals and Objectives
The goal of this project is to develop a curriculum that can be taught to teachers in the form of workshops, so that they themselves can teach the curriculum to their students ("Teach the Teachers"). This will increase effectiveness of the program and reduce costs, since there is no need for a separate instructor. Instead, the teachers can use the curriculum as they see fit and as it fits into their lesson plans. We believe this will increase the likelihood that teachers will take time out of their busy lesson plans to educate their students about a healthy diet and lifestyle, factors that also contribute to successful learning.
Teachers attending the workshops will receive a complete workbook, including the "manipulatives" required to teach the curriculum. Manipulatives will include didactic items such as imitation food (e.g., to teach portion size), food cards, or story books for younger children. Teachers completing the workshops will also earn continuing education credits.
We plan to offer these workshops at an affordable cost to teachers in the Corvallis School District and our neighboring school districts in the Willamette Valley. It is our hope that we will eventually be able to offer these workshops in school districts nationwide.Sponsor
This project has been funded by Joan Facey.<|endoftext|>Invasive pests can burrow into trees that then become firewood. When the firewood moves, the pests move with it—without the transporter knowing—to uninfested areas. Untreated firewood can also harbor other types of insects and diseases that can greatly harm trees and shrubs.
Invasive, tree-killing beetles tunnel into trees and eat their insides. Leaf-munching caterpillars can strip trees of their leaves, leaving those trees vulnerable to other pests and diseases that could kill them.
Your backyard and neighborhood trees and shrubs, America's forests, and jobs supported by the forestry industry—not to mention your ash baseball bat and breakfast maple syrup. Wildlife that depends on forest ecosystems could also suffer.
Deny these hitchhikers a free ride in your firewood. Buy firewood where you burn it. If you must move firewood (even just a short distance), make sure it has been heat treated to kill any pests that might have been in or on it.
Learn more about how to help stop the spread of invasive pests through firewood at https://www.dontmovefirewood.org/how-to-help/.<|endoftext|>Who was Kabir Das ji ?
Kabir was a 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint, whose writings influenced Hinduism's Bhakti
movement and his verses are found in Sikhism's scripture Adi Granth.
His early life was in a Muslim family, but he was strongly influenced by his teacher, the Hindu bhakti
Kabir suggested that True God is with the person who is on the path of righteousness.
Kabir’s legacy survives and continues through the Kabir panth (“Path of Kabir”).
Varanasi, Sayyid dynasty
Maghar, Lodhi dynasty
Occupation Weaver, poet
Known for Influencing the Bhakti movement, Sant
Mat and Kabir Panth movements. Having hymns
included in the Guru Granth Sahib
Movement Bhakti (Ramananda's disciple)
Parents Neeru (father)
Early life and Background
Kabir Das Working as a craftsman
● Kabir Saheb was born in 1398 (Samvat 1455), on the full moon day of Jyeshtha month at the time of
Brahmamuharta. There is a considerbale scholarly debate on the circumstances surrounding Kabir's
birth. A few accounts mention that he was raised by a Muslim weaver, Niru and his wife Nima.
● Kabir is widely believed to have become one of the many disciples of the Bhakti poet-sant
Swami Ramananda in Varanasi, known for devotional Vaishnavism with a strong bent to monist Advaita
philosophy teaching that God was inside every person, everything.
● Early texts about his life place him with Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism as well as the Sufi tradition of
Islam. According to Irfan Habib, the two manuscript versions of the Persian text Dabistan-i-Mazahib are
the earliest known texts with biographical information about Kabir. The Dabistan-i-Mazahib states Kabir is
a "Bairagi" (Vaishnava yogi) and states he is a disciple of Ramanand (the text refers to him repeatedly as
● Kabir composed poems in a pithy and
earthy style, fused with imagery.
● His poems were in vernacular Hindi,
borrowing from various dialects including
Avadhi, Braj, and Bhojpuri.
● His verbally composed poems of wisdom
● Literary works with compositions
attributed to Kabir include Kabir Bijak,
Kabir Parachai, Sakhi Granth, Adi Granth
(Sikh), and Kabir Granthawali (Rajasthan)
Kabir Das 1952 Indian Postage
Famous poetry and sayings
● If God be within the mosque, then to whom does this world belong? If Ram be
within the image which you find upon your pilgrimage, then who is there to know
what happens without?
Hari is in the East, Allah is in the West.
Look within your heart, for there you will find both Karim and Ram;
All the men and women of the world are His living forms. Kabir is the child of Allah
and of Ram: He is my Guru, He is my Pir.
- Kabir, III.2, Translated by Rabindranath Tagore
● Kabir's couplets suggest he was persecuted for his views, while he was alive. He
stated, for example,
Saints I see the world is mad. If I tell the truth they rush to beat me, if I lie they trust
me. For, without soap or water, he will scrub your character clean.
Bura Jo Dekhan Main Chala,
Bura Naa Milya Koye
Jo Munn Khoja Apnaa, To
Mujhse Bura Naa Koye
Aag Jo Lagi Samand Mein, Dhuan Na
So Jane Jo Jarmua, Jaki Lagi Hoye
Aasa Jive Jag Marey, Log Marey
Soyee Sube Dhan Sanchate, So
Ubrey Jey Khayee
Aisee Vani Boliye, Mun Ka Aapa
Apna Tan Sheetal Kare, Auran
Ko Sukh Hoye
● Kabir's legacy continues to be carried forward
by the Kabir panth ("Path of Kabir"), a
religious community that recognises him as
its founder and is one of the Sant Mat sects
● Kabir's literature legacy was championed by
two of his disciples, Bhāgodās and
● Songs of Kabir were collected by Kshitimohan
Sen from mendicants across India, these
were then translated to English by
● Kabir has been criticised for his depiction of
women. According to Kabir, a woman
prevents man's spiritual progress.
● Woman ruins everything when she comes
near man; Devotion, liberation, and divine
knowledge no longer enter his soul.
- Kabir, Translated by Nikky-Guninder Kaur<|endoftext|>WHY does the Moon look the same size as the Sun in the sky? This coincidence,
which makes the spectacle of total eclipses possible, has been crying out for an
explanation. Now an astronomer in Seattle has proposed one. If he’s right, there
is a surprising connection between the conditions required for a total eclipse
and for the emergence of intelligent life.
The coincidence in the apparent sizes of the Moon and the Sun occurs because
the Sun, though 400 times bigger than the Moon, is also 400 times farther away.
In fact, the Moon sometimes looks a shade bigger than the Sun, which is
essential for a “perfect eclipse” when the sky is dark enough for you to see the
Sun’s faint outer atmosphere, or corona.
Because tidal effects cause the Moon to slowly recede from the Earth, perfect
eclipses have been visible only for about 150 million years and will continue
for only another 150 million years, about 5 per cent of the current age of the
Earth. Furthermore, Earth is the only planet in our Solar System where a perfect
eclipse is visible, although there are 64 other moons.
So are we just extraordinarily lucky? Guillermo Gonzalez of the University of
Washington in Seattle thinks not. He points out that our distance from the Sun,
and hence its apparent size, is a necessary condition for us to be here. “If we
were a little nearer or farther from the Sun, the Earth would be too hot or too
cold and so uninhabitable,” says Gonzalez.
At the same time our existence depends on an unusually large moon since its
pull stops the Earth wobbling around too much on its axis and causing wild and
catastrophic swings in climate like those on Mars. Our Moon, which is unusually
large compared to those in almost all other planet-moon systems, probably formed
from molten material blasted from the Earth during the impact of a giant body
more than 4 billion years ago.
In the current issue of Astronomy & Geophysics (vol 40, p 3.18),
Gonzalez points out that the way the Moon formed means it started off very close
to the Earth and has taken several billion years to move far enough away until
it precisely covers the Sun during an eclipse. “The timescale is very similar to
that of the appearance of intelligent life,” he says. “It is therefore not such
a big coincidence that we are around at the time when it is possible to see
Gonzalez’s explanation has generated much interest among astronomers, though
most remain cautious. “The timescale argument of Gonzalez needs more checking,”
says John Barrow of the University of Sussex.
If Gonzalez is right, then all extraterrestrials, wherever they are, are
likely to live on planets like ours that experience total eclipses. But since an
unusually large Moon is rare, he says, this suggests that both ETs and total
eclipses are very rare indeed.<|endoftext|>Precocious. That was the single adjective used to describe a child displaying some natural talent straying from the normal. A generational leap later, I am not so sure that the word holds the meaning it used to. Every second toddler these days seems to display a natural likeness for things digital. So, it is easy to assume that they will take to computers as a fish takes to water.
For the average kid (I won’t talk about someone like Lim Ding Wen here, though I will use his cute photo as the thumbnail alongside), computers and smartphones are fun tools. Education comes much later. Getting a kid excited about programming might take some doing because logic needs a bit of time to develop. It is imagination and creativity which arrive first. That’s where the crux of these ten tools lie…using creative tools to get children excited about programming.
Just to illustrate the potential of creative teaching that should help to light the fire, here’s a TED Talk by Conrad Wolfram. Slightly unrelated, but do watch it to understand why kids (once, you and me too) lose interest in mathematics. It will also explain the dire need to take instructions out of their rigid strictures and throw them into the real world and everyday living. He advocates using programming to teach math. And thus, make it more fun, instead of forcing them to learn a subject.
10 Tools That Should Help With Learning Programming Creatively
From games to programming tools, from logic to intuition, let’s take a gander at ten tools that should help to show that programming is not all about functions and loops. Here are the honorable mentions (restricted to ten programming tools).
Learn cool things about: Control structures in programming with the help of basic datatypes like words, lists, and arrays.
Logo is one of the oldest educational programming languages. It was created in 1967 for educational use and can be used to teach the basic of computer science. It is well known for its implementation of Turtle Graphics. From its early days, it has evolved and branched out into different versions for all operating systems. For instance, Elica is a Windows implementation which advances Logo into areas of 3d animation. The Turtle Academy is a nice resource for some hands on learning with this functional programming language. There are many resources like Turtle Logo and to tap into.
What a child might like: Teaching the turtle with movement and location commands to draw basic shapes and line graphics.
Learn cool things about: Visual interactivity without learning programming syntax.
You cannot argue with 3,000,000 documented projects. Scratch has a worldwide community to boast of and therein lies the richness of learning. With Scratch, you can create interactive stories, animations, and even games. Here, let me direct you to a previous in-depth look into Scratch and just why kids might love it.
What a child might like: The scope to imagine things without learning about complicated programming concepts. Just drag and drop the sprites.
Learn cool things about: Object oriented concepts with programmable scripts.
EToys is similar to Scratch in that it is a media enriched visual tool for creating cool computer programs. The idea behind the project is to foster creative and critical thinking. EToys runs as a standalone program and also in browsers (with the plug-in) across all platforms. EToys is extensible globally because it is available in several languages and is Open Source. Interestingly, it was first developed at Apple and has been universally used in the One Laptop per Child project.
What a child might like: 2D and 3D graphics supported by text, images, and sound files which can be made interactive and combined with help of easy scripts.
Learn cool things about: Programmable scripts and how a program flows from one step to the next.
What a child might like: Drag and drop script blocks in the browser. Script blocks are described in simple English.
Learn cool things about:
The programming environment has the fun element with cartoons and animated characters. The full version is a 126 MB free download and runs on all versions of Windows and Mac (with Virtual PC). The site expresses it best – Inside of ToonTalk
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ive di guarigione dipendono principalmente dalla causa del disturbo. In alcuni casi, il problema può essere facilmente trattato, in altri il problema metabolico non può essere controllato e i nervi possono continuare ad essere danneggiati. Possibili complicazioni possono essere:
- Lesioni ai piedi;
- Intorpidimento;
- Dolore;
- Problemi a camminare;
- Debolezza.
PREVENZIONE: Il mantenimento di un sano stile di vita può ridurre il rischio di neuropatia. Dunque:
- Evitare l’uso di alcool in eccesso;
- Seguire una dieta equilibrata;
- Visitare il medico regolarmente per notare disordini metabolici prima che la neuropatia si sviluppi.
Se c’è già un problema metabolico, visitare il medico regolarmente può aiutare a controllare il problema e ridurre il rischio di ulteriori danni ai nervi. I pazienti che hanno già una neuropatia metabolica possono ridurre il rischio di alcune complicazioni. Un podologo può insegnare come controllare i piedi per notare i segni di lesioni e infezioni. Le scarpe adatte possono ridurre il rischio di lesioni cutanee nelle aree sensibili dei piedi.
[Fonte: Ny Times]
Per ulteriori informazioni rivolgersi al proprio medico. Le informazioni fornite su MedicinaLive sono di natura generale ed a scopo puramente divulgativo, e non possono sostituire in alcun caso il consiglio di un medico (ovvero un soggetto abilitato legalmente alla professione), o, nei casi specifici, di altri operatori sanitari.<|endoftext|>Il comando del computer taglia-copia-incolla viene utilizzato da molte persone ogni giorno, ma purtroppo il suo inventore è scomparso all’età di 74 anni. Larry Tesler è stato una figura chiave nel settore informatico, lavorando in diverse famose aziende tecnologiche, tra cui Apple, Amazon e Yahoo.
Tuttavia, era noto per aver creato il comando per computer taglia e copia e incolla durante il suo periodo alla Xerox negli anni ’70. Proprio questa società ha twittato la triste notizia, scrivendo: “L’inventore di taglia copia e incolla, trova e sostituisci, e altro ancora è stato l’ex ricercatore Xerox Larry Tesler. La giornata lavorativa è più semplice grazie alle sue idee rivoluzionarie. Larry è morto lunedì, quindi per favore unitevi a noi per celebrarlo.”
Larry Tesler: chi era l’inventore del copia incolla e del trova e sostituisci. Dalla Xerox alla Apple
Tesler è nato a New York nel 1945 e ha studiato alla Stanford University in California. Mentre la sua carriera è iniziata in Xerox, è stato preso in seguito da Steve Jobs per Apple, dove ha trascorso poi 17 anni, diventando capo scienziato.
Parlando alla BBC della Silicon Valley nel 2012, ha detto: “C’è un elemento molto forte di eccitazione, nell’essere in grado di condividere ciò che hai imparato con la prossima generazione.”
La sua famosa innovazione taglia-copia-incolla era basata sul vecchio metodo di editing, in cui le persone tagliavano fisicamente parti di testo stampato e le incollavano altrove. Apple ha incorporato il software nel suo computer Lisa nel 1983 e nel Macintosh originale che è stato rilasciato nel 1984.<|endoftext|>Botanical name: Beaucarnea Recurvata
Plant type: Houseplant
Ponytail Palms are a great, long-lived indoor plant. (Despite it's name and palm-like appearance, it's not a true "palm.")
This plant has long green leathery stems that develop as the plant ages. Indoors, they can reach up to 3 feet high. The only thing that is difficult about this plant is adapting to its watering needs.
- Use a fast draining soil, such as cactus potting soil.
- Normal room temperature is good for most of the year, but keep it cooler in the winter (50 to 55° F).
- Find a location with bright light.
- Keep soil fairly dry. Water from spring through fall allowing soil to dry on the surface before re-watering. During the winter only water occasionally.
- Fertilize in the spring and bring into brighter room for the summer months.
- Re-potting every other year at the most is all the Ponytail Palm needs.
- Overwatering can contribute to stem rot. If you withhold watering, the plant may be able to internally cure the problem.
- Spider mites occur on the leaves, but can be fixed by rubbing a cloth of soap and water on the stems.
Wit & Wisdom
Another name for Ponytail Palm is Elephant Foot Palm.<|endoftext|>حامد کرزی رییس جمهوری افغانستان می گوید ممکن است ۲۰ سال طول بکشد تا دولت قادر شود حقوق نیروهای امنیتی را که بتوانند با تهدید شورش مقابله کنند پرداخت کند.
کرزی روز سه شنبه در جریان یک کنفرانس خبری با رابرت گیتس وزیر دفاع آمریکا بار دیگر ابراز امیدواری کرد نیروهای افغان قادر شوند ظرف پنج سال مسئولیت های امنیتی در کشور را بر عهده بگیرند. گیتس گفت او امیدوار است آنها زودتر آماده شوند.
گیتس برای دیداری اعلام نشده به افغانستان رفته است با این هدف که رهبران کشور را برای افزایش تعداد و تقویت توانایی نیروهای امنیتی زیر فشار بگذارد.
در جریان کنفرانس خبری، کرزی همچنین بار دیگر قول داد با فساد مبارزه کند، و گفت او فهرستی از نامزدهای کابینه ۲۵ نفری خود را تا هفته آینده به پارلمان خواهد فرستاد.
سفر گیتس در پی تصمیم پرزیدنت اوباما به اعزام سریع ۳۰ هزار سرباز اضافی به افغانستان صورت می گیرد. همچنین قرار است خروج سربازان آمریکایی ظرف ۱۸ ماه، در حالی که نیروهای افغان مسئولیت های بیشتری را بر عهده می گیرند، آغاز شود. گیتس گفت تکمیل خروج آمریکا ممکن است چند سال طول بکشد.
در این میان، امروز، سه شنبه، ژنرال استنلی مک کریستال فرمانده نیروهای آمریکا و ناتو در افغانستان درباره استراتژی آمریکا در کنگره آمریکا توضیح می دهد. قانونگزاران که نگران کاهش حمایت عمومی از جنگ هستند، مایلند از مک کریستال بشنوند که به اعتقاد او نیروهای آمریکا با چه سرعتی می توانند باز گردانده شوند.
در رویدادی دیگر، وزیز دفاع بریتانیا در یک سفر اعلام نشده وارد افغانستان شد. روز دوشنبه، بریتانیا گزارش داد که امسال ۱۰۰ سرباز آن کشور در افغانستان کشته شده اند.<|endoftext|>Kuaförlük yapan Esra ise, iş yerinin yakınında bulunan parktaki sokak hayvanlarına yardım etmenin ona zor zamanlarını aşması için yardımcı olduğunu belirtiyor: ‘Burada bulunan kedi ve köpeklere yiyecek satın alıp onları beslemeye başladım. Sonrasında bunun gerçekten faydasını gördüm.
Hayatını kağıt toplayıcılığı yaparak kazanan Necati, her sabah, el aracının kenarına biraz tavuk eti asıyor. İstanbul'u karış karış gezerken sokak kedilerini bu etle besliyor. "
Kediler kutsaldır' diyen Necati, Hz. Muhammed'i dua ederken zehirli bir yılandan koruyan kediyle ilgili bir hikaye anlatıyor."<|endoftext|>今天太累了，大清早挣扎着去上诉讼课，老师没来；接着讨论了几个小时今年参加moot court的任务分配；然后去复印合同法的比较研究；在复印的时候遇到一个神经病，因为我说英语，居然跑过来跟我说，我知道你来自美国，但是在法国你说英语是非常让人讨厌的一件事情…… 我很无语，我说如果是我嗓门大了，我小声点就是了，那变态说，不是你嗓门大，而是你在法国说英语就是很annoying，他还打比方说：如果我在美国说法语，是非常rude的一件事情…… 太TMD无语了，我实在忍无可忍，回敬道：谢谢您啊，您真好心，我跟法国人说法语，跟不会说法语的同学说英语，我们班1/3都是美国人，我也没办法跟他们说法语，今天我们是来复印的，没有一个法国人…… 然后被interrupt，叫我don’t speak the american language，变态非常振振有词的叫我stop stop stop listen to me listen listen you listen~!!!…… 今天真是不顺到极点，变态明显不是法国人，他绝对是一个native english speaker，不明白他是哪里受到刺激了，对自己的母语这么痛恨…… 临走时，再扔一句 by the way, i am not from the US, i just spent some time there。还是同行的Saniya帅啊，临走时直接扔了一句：F U~ 这一定是我上辈子的业障，阿弥陀佛。<|endoftext|>عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: صَلَّيْنَا الْمَغْرِبَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قُلْنَا: لَوْ جَلَسْنَا حَتَّى نُصَلِّيَ مَعَهُ الْعِشَاءَ، قَالَ: فَجَلَسْنَا، فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا، فَقَالَ: «مَا زِلْتُمْ هَاهُنَا؟» قُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّيْنَا مَعَكَ الْمَغْرِبَ، ثُمَّ قُلْنَا: نَجْلِسُ حَتَّى نُصَلِّيَ مَعَكَ الْعِشَاءَ، قَالَ: «أَحْسَنْتُمْ أَوْ أَصَبْتُمْ» قَالَ: فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، وَكَانَ كَثِيرًا مِمَّا يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَقَالَ: «النُّجُومُ أَمَنَةٌ لِلسَّمَاءِ، فَإِذَا ذَهَبَتِ النُّجُومُ أَتَى السَّمَاءَ مَا تُوعَدُ، وَأَنَا أَمَنَةٌ لِأَصْحَابِي، فَإِذَا ذَهَبْتُ أَتَى أَصْحَابِي مَا يُوعَدُونَ، وَأَصْحَابِي أَمَنَةٌ لِأُمَّتِي، فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ أَصْحَابِي أَتَى أُمَّتِي مَا يُوعَدُونَ»
Ebû Bürde babası (Ebû Musa el-Eş‘arî r.a.)’dan şunları nakletmişti: Akşam namazını Resûlullah (sas) ile birlikte kılmıştık. Sonra aramızda “Keşke Resûl-i Ekrem ile birlikte yatsı namazını kılıncaya kadar burada otursak” diye konuştuk ve öyle de yaptık. Bir müddet sonra Allah’ın elçisi (sas) yanımıza çıkageldi ve “Siz hâlâ burada mısınız?” diye sordu. “Evet, Ya Resûlullah” dedik. “Seninle birlikte akşam namazını kıldık, sonra bekleyelim de seninle birlikte yatsıyı da kılalım diye düşündük.” dedik. “İyi yaptınız veya doğru düşünmüşsünüz” dedi. Sonra başını gökyüzüne doğru kaldırdı. Çoğu zaman böyle yapardı. Ardından şöyle buyurdu: “Yıldızlar gökyüzünün güvencesidir. Yıldızlar yok olup gidince, gökyüzünün başına, olacağı haber verilen şeyler gelir. Ben de ashabımın güvencesiyim. Ben gidince, ashabımın başına geleceği bildirilen şeyler gelir. Ashabım da ümmetimin güvencesidir. Onlar gidince ümmetimin başına geleceği bildirilen şeyler gelir.” (Müslim, Fedâilu’s-sahâbe, 207; Ahmed, Müsned, IV, 399)
Peygamberlik Alameti
Kaynaklarımızda bulunan hadislerden bir kısmı, Hz. Peygamber’in geleceğe ait haber verdiği bilgileri içermektedir. Bu tür hadislere peygamberlik alametleri manasına gelen “Alâmâtu’n-nübüvve” denilmektedir. Yukarıda verilen rivayet de bu türden bir hadistir.
Hz. Peygamber (sas), ümmetine haber vermek için gayba ait bazı bilgilere Allah (cc) tarafından muttali kılınmıştır. Bu gerçek Kur’an-ı Kerim’de haber verilmektedir.[1] Peygamber efendimizin geleceğe dair bazı bilgileri ümmetine haber verdiği rivayetlere ait örnekleri hadis kaynaklarımızın “fiten”, “melâhim” ve “eşrâtu’s-sa‘a” başlıkları altında görmek mümkündür.
Resûlullah’ın (sas) İmamlığında Namaz
Sahâbe nesli birçok yönden değerli bir konuma sahipti. İslam davasına ilk onların sahip çıkması, inen vahye direk muhatap olmaları, ortaya çıkan problemlerini Allah’ın Resûlü’ne götürerek ilk ağızdan çözüme kavuşturma imkanı, alemlere rahmet peygamberin ders halkasında yetişmeleri gibi daha birçok konu, o neslin kıymetini ortaya koyması açısından önemli göstergelerdir. İşte sahâbe neslinin sahip olduğu bu nimetlerden biri de bütün peygamberlerin imamı olan Efendimizin arkasında saf tutma bahtiyarlığıdır. Kutlu nesil bu fırsatı da en güzel şekilde değerlendirmiş, mümkün olduğunca namazlarını Resûlullah’ın peşinde kılmışlardır. Bu yolla bize; namazın kılınış şekli, cemaatle namazın önemi, namazda okunacak sûre ve duaların hangisi olduğu bilgisi de aktarılmıştır. Bu bilgilere sahip olma arzu ve iştiyakını bir kenara koyacak olursak, onun arkasında saf tutup el bağlamanın manevi lezzeti de ayrıca sahâbenin peşinde olduğu bir şeydir. Bu sebeple Ebû Musa el-Eş‘arî ve arkadaşlarının yaptığı gibi birçok kadın ve erkek sahabî, imkan nispetinde, bir namazın ardından diğer namazı bekliyor, Peygamberimizin arkasında namaz kılmayı arzuluyorlardı. Bizler bu nimetten mahrum olsak da, camiye ve cemaate devam ederek onların izlerini takip edebilir, o günkü cemaatle namaz hassasiyetini bugün de devam ettirebiliriz.
Üç Tespit Ve Sonuçları
Hadisimiz, Hz. Peygamber’in ve sahabe neslinin değerini göstermesi açısından önemli bir rivayettir. Ebû Musa’nın (ra) anlattığına göre, Efendimiz bir müddet gökyüzüne baktıktan sonra üzerinde dikkatle durulması gereken üç cümle söylemiştir.
1. Yıldızlar gökyüzünün güvencesidir. Yıldızlar yok olup gidince, gökyüzünün başına, olacağı haber verilen şeyler gelir.
Allah Teâlâ’nın kevnî ayetleri de okunması ve üzerinde tefekkür edilmesi gereken ayetlerdendir. Zira akıl sahipleri için, yerin ve göğün oluşumunda ve muhteşem düzenin korunmasında Allah’ın varlığına ve birliğine işaret eden deliller vardır.[2] Güneş sistemimizin içinde yer aldığı samanyolu yıldız kümesinde (galaksi) bizim dünyamız gibi, daha büyük veya daha küçük boyutlarda, yaklaşık iki yüz elli milyar yıldız daha bulunmaktadır. Kâinatın sadece samanyolu galaksisinden ibaret olduğunu düşünüyorsanız yanılıyorsunuz. Bilim adamları, samanyolu dışında 200 milyar civarında galaksinin bulunduğunu söylüyorlar. İşte bu devasa kâinatın ince bir düzenle sürüp gitmesi, büyük bir gücün hikmetle onu idare ettiğini göstermektedir. Sonradan var olan her şey için geçerli olan kanun[3] kâinat için de geçerli olduğundan, vakti saati gelince yıldızlar yörüngelerinden çıkacak, birbirine çarpacak ve hepsi yok olup gidecektir. Kur’an-ı Kerim bu tür kıyamet sahnelerinin anlatıldığı ayetlerle doludur.
O dehşet günü gelince gökleri yazılı kâğıt tomarlarını dürer gibi düreriz. Yaratmaya başlamadan önceki hale döndürürüz. Sözümüz sözdür; biz bunu mutlaka yaparız. (Enbiya 21/104)
Gökyüzü yarıldığı, yıldızlar döküldüğü, denizler birbirine katıldığı, kabirlerin içindekiler dışarı çıkarıldığı zaman, insanoğlu (yapıp) gönderdiklerini ve (yapamayıp) geride bıraktıklarını bir bir anlar. (İnfitâr 82/1-5)
Hadis-i şerifte kıyametin kopacağına işaret edilerek, o dehşet günü gelmeden önce imanı kuşanıp hazırlıklı olunması vurgulanmaktadır. Ama insanlığı, kıyamet sarsıntısının öncesinde başka sarsıntıların da beklediği bildiriliyor.
2. Ben de ashabımın güvencesiyim. Ben gidince, ashabımın başına geleceği bildirilen şeyler gelir.
Peygamber Efendimizin yaşadığı zaman dilimine “asr-ı saadet” adı verilmiştir. Mutluluk ve sevinç seneleri diye çevirebileceğimiz bu döneme asr-ı saadet denilmesi, Hz. Peygamber’in varlığı,
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9 | 4 | 1 |
College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.
To remove a liquid or gas from a body cavity by suction. aspirate the lungs.
The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Past participle: aspirated
Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011
Switch to new thesaurus
|Noun||1.||aspirate - a consonant pronounced with aspiration|
consonant - a speech sound that is not a vowel
|Verb||1.||aspirate - remove as if by suction; "aspirate the wound"|
remove, take away, withdraw, take - remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; "remove a threat"; "remove a wrapper"; "Remove the dirty dishes from the table"; "take the gun from your pocket"; "This machine withdraws heat from the environment"
|2.||aspirate - pronounce with aspiration; of stop sounds|
|3.||aspirate - suck in (air)|
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.
A. [ˈæspərɪt] ADJ → aspirado
B. [ˈæspərɪt] N → aspirada f
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005
Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005
Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007
Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995
English-Spanish Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012
aspiratevt (to inhale) aspirar; (to remove fluid with a syringe) aspirar, sacar líquido con una jeringa
English-Spanish/Spanish-English Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.<|endoftext|>دیاکو حسینی در گفت و گو با نیوزنگار سان گراف با اشاره به سیاست ایران در قبال توافق هسته ای، اظهار کرد: طبق آنچه اعلام شده و به اطلاع داخل و خارج رسیده است، ایران به تعهدات خود کاملا پایبند است و به طور متقابل این انتظار را هم دارد که همه طرف های این توافق چند جانبه به توافقات خود پایبند باشند.
این کارشناس مسائل بین المللی افزود: اخیرا هم صحبت هایی در مورد خروج آمریکا از برجام و گلایه های دولت ترامپ نسبت به برجام مطرح شده، که در واقع این گلایه ها به لحاظ حقوقی اعتبار ندارد، زیرا این توافق به امضای دولت آمریکا رسیده و مهم تر از آن، بخشی از قطع نامه شورای امنیت سازمان ملل است.
وی تأکید کرد: همچنین ایران در آینده این جهت گیری را دنبال خواهد کرد که همه طرفین به تعهدات خود پایبند باشند و آنچه که امروز ما شاهد آن هستیم، ایران طبق گزارش های متعدد آژانس بین المللی انرژی اتمی به همه تعهدات خود عمل کرده و طرفین دیگر، بارها و به اشکال مختلف این توافق را نقض و یا در جهت نقض آن حرکت کرده اند.
حسینی یادآور شد: در حال حاضر، فعالیت های هسته ای ایران رو به پیشرفت است، اما این امر به معنی نداشتن نقص و خلاء نیست؛ موضوع اصلی این است که جهت گیری اصلی ایران با توجه به وضعیت حاکم بر برنامه هسته ای ایران، رفع نیازهای اساسی برنامه هسته ای و ادامه رویکرد صلح آمیز در آینده است و از آنجایی که برنامه هسته ای ایران کاملا مستقل و متکی به نیروهای ایرانی است، هیچ نوع فشار اقتصادی و سیاسی قادر به متوقف کردن یا عقب راندن آن نیست.
این کارشناس مسائل بین المللی تأکید کرد: نه تنها ایران؛ بلکه تمام کشور های جهان که به دانش هسته ای دست پیدا کردند، قابل بازگشت به عقب نیستند و این درست همان نقطه ای است که مورد پذیرش آمریکایی ها قرار نمی گیرد.<|endoftext|>火炬树根系发生根孽能力强，在没有种源而有较多3年生以上植株时，可利用根段进行养殖。
1.2.1 根系掘取和根段剪截。4月上旬，在路旁或圃地4年生以上大树下，距植株根颈30cm处向下挖10～25cm深土，断取根系挖土处为少影响根系生长和保持树势，应回填优质农家肥和原土并踩实。将粗度0.4cm以上的根系依粗细剪成10～15cm长根段，粗者短细者长。浸入15～20℃水中24h，备扦插，如短时间不插，应埋于冷凉湿砂中。
1.2.2 起垄。地表撒优质土粪，每667平方米施撒3000kg。翻地20cm，搂平地面。用畜犁或拖拉机起宽60cm，高20cm的大垄，压平垅尖。
1.2.3 扦插。4月中旬，用开沟器顺垅面开5～6cm深沟，将根段相连接平摆沟中，覆土4cm厚，踩实垅表。也可将根段直立插入土中，粗端朝上细端朝下，也就是形态基端朝上，形态顶端朝下，用开沟法或扎穴法插入根段，顶剪口与垅表平齐，踩实土。
1.2.4 播后管理。播后立即大水漫灌，水浸湿土表25cm深，过5～7d地表较干要裂缝时，第二次大灌水，一般2次灌水后根段的不定芽就能破土而出。过几天，地表要干时，为防地表大裂缝，应用锄头松土。以后的生长季保持地表适当湿润而不过干。当根系发出新稍长达5cm高时，如果有并生、双生的应留一个直壮的，余者除去。随时锄草、拔草，确保苗干生长。7～9月，如有食叶害虫为害，喷杀虫剂灭杀。<|endoftext|>Hélène Frohard-Dourlent, University of British Columbia
This entry is part of the CFHSS’s VP Equity Issues series on issues related to LGBTQI2-S (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, questioning, intersex and Two-Spirited) peoples.
If there was any doubt that getting through high school is still difficult for queer and trans youth in Canada, Jamie Hubley’s decision to end his life last week in Ottawa is a painful reminder of that fact. Hubley’s suicide prompts us to reflect on the work that still needs to be done to make Canadian schools safe learning environments for all youth. This is hardly news to educators, activists and researchers who work with queer and trans youth. Many previous contributors to this blog series – including Malinda Smith, Rebecca Haskell, Kris Wells, and Brian Burtch – have commented on the prevalence and significance of experiences of homophobia in the lives of queer and trans youth in North America.
These contributions also remind us that schools, unfortunately, remain a privileged site for the expression of homophobic and transphobic violence. Quick snapshot of the situation in Canada: the recent report published by Egale Canada under the direction of University of Winnipeg’s Catherine Taylor, “Every class and every school,” revealed that less than 5 percent of queer and trans youth never hear insulting comments about sexual orientation; that trans youth are almost three times as likely (and queer students more than twice as likely) to be verbally harassed about their gender expression than heterosexual youth; and two thirds of queer and trans students (as well as the same percentage of youth with queer and trans parents) feel unsafe at school.
The picture, however, is not all negative. In many places, educators, activists and scholars have worked hard to promote anti-homophobia education and bring positive change to school cultures. There are incredible community organizations doing work in schools, such as T.E.A.C.H. in Toronto, or Gab Youth and Out in Schools in Vancouver. And there are amazing individual teachers who make these issues a priority in their classroom. Teachers Federations have also stepped up, for example in British Columbia and Alberta, to take a stand against homophobic violence and provide workshops on the topic to their members. Most books on the topic, such as Elizabeth Meyer’s Gender, bullying, and harassment, as well as the blog entries mentioned above, all put forth many powerful suggestions for what educators and school administrators can do to help create safer school climates.
But despite the fact that many activists and scholars advocate a complex, systemic approach to the issue of homophobic and transphobic violence in schools, the lens of anti-bullying is often favoured on the ground as well as in the media. It is important to consider the implications of this focus on bullying for our anti-homophobia initiatives, and the limitations that it brings, especially when it comes to issues of gender identity and gender expression.
The increasing concern and awareness of the phenomenon of bullying has been, in a way, a great ally in the push for anti-homophobia education. There are countless campaigns and conferences that are actively generating knowledge on the topic in North America, such as Stop Bullying, Bullying Canada, The Many Faces of Bullying, and The International Bullying Prevention Association. This fairly recent anxiety surrounding bullying has often allowed anti-homophobia activists to legitimize their efforts in schools, whose doors were previously closed due to dubious accusations that anti-homophobia education is a form of proselytization and that it sexualizes schools. For educators who have been fighting these discourses for years, the notion of anti-bullying can be a powerful argument in favour of doing anti-homophobia work. Some people may fight efforts to educate youth about sexual (and, to a lesser extent, gender) diversity, but who would fight against attempts to reduce (homophobic) bullying?
In many ways, this strategy has been effective in making the voice of anti-homophobia education heard, and we should celebrate the possibilities that have been opened up in some school districts, classrooms and Teacher Education programs as a result. It is crucial not to underestimate or diminish the impact of these efforts to make the topic of sexual diversity visible in schools, especially for youth who may feel alone and isolated. However, I believe it is also essential that we be self-reflexive and critical of how the dominance of anti-bullying narratives has both enabled and constrained ‘anti-homophobia’ work.
The term ‘anti-homophobia’ itself is problematic. Like the notion of anti-bullying, it reflects a focus on individual violent attitudes and behaviours. When (homophobic) bullying happens, the culprit is seen as one (or maybe several) individuals. Whether we are doing preventative or punitive work, we shape our response accordingly: we target it to individuals, whether that means children, parents, or educators.
Efforts to fight against homophobic bullying tend to focus on educating students out of their possible individual prejudice and/or misconception. As Gerald Walton, among others, has argued, this individualistic approach fails to connect homophobic bullying to its roots in social messages about sexuality, sexual orientation, and gender. When we try to identify, lambast or blame ‘bullies,’ we are so focused on the wrong done by specific individuals that we forget the fact that bullies are not aberrations in our culture. Rather, such bullying is a harsh reflection of how queer, trans and genderqueer people are perceived in our society.
Homophobic bullies could not exist if they had not picked up from society that gayness is ‘unnatural’, that same-sex couples are less legitimate than opposite-sex couples, or that binary genders are foundational to the order of the world. There is a fundamental bias in the idea that it makes sense to teach children about heterosexuality before homosexuality, or that young children would be ‘confused’ if confronted with images of same-sex couples. Children and youth pick up on such biases. When we teach students that puberty leads to (heterosexual) reproduction, when we only choose stories or exercises that feature opposite-sex partners, when we make jokes about boys liking girls in class or assume that our students are only straight, when we get upset over boys wearing dresses – every time that we do such things we send subtle but powerful messages to youth and adults that what is ‘normal’ is one (masculine) man and one (feminine) woman.
These behaviours are not, by our common understanding of the words, examples of homophobic bullying. People who say or do these kinds of things (and I do not exclude myself here) rarely would describe themselves as homophobic, and they would be extremely upset to be labeled as such. Yet all of these attitudes participate in creating a climate, in our schools and beyond, where homophobic bullying becomes not only possible, but often logical. Rather than ask the question, why would teenagers bully each other over pink shirts, we need to ask the question: Given the environment in which they live and learn, why wouldn’t they?
I am not arguing that we find new scapegoats for the problems that queer and trans youth face in Canadian schools. Rather, I am suggesting that we need to be more attentive to the subtle ways that heteronormative discourses circulate in schools in ways that empower homophobic verbal and physical harassment. More than anything else, I am also arguing that we need to make the question of gender(s) central to our efforts to create positive school cultures. Homophobic bullying and heteronormative mechanisms are sustained by a gender binary system. It is not just about including transphobia in our work, it is about exploring how transphobia and homophobia are made intelligible because of the presumptions about gender expression and gender identity.
Our recommendations to educators and schools, as well as our own research and work in classrooms, need to reflect these connections. We need to be more vocal about the significance and impact that the gender binary plays, subtly, in stories of ‘homophobic’ as well as transphobic bullying. I think Elizabeth Meyer’s suggestion that we use the concept “gendered harassment” is a powerful first step towards rethinking what makes our schools unsafe for queer and trans students.
I want to end this entry by discussing a specific case, Pink Shirt Day in Canada. It is an example of how efforts to address homophobic bullying can be conflated with anti-bullying efforts that don’t acknowledge the role that gender plays in the equation. Pink Shirt Day is a campaign that invites students to wear pink to school on a particular day in order to send a message that bullying is not acceptable. Although the event started as a grassroots student effort in response to an instance of gendered harassment in a Nova Scotia high school, Pink Shirt Day has become a national campaign whose origin story does not mention homophobia.
The question of why a male student would be harassed for wearing a pink shirt is completely erased on the Pink Shirt Day campaign’s official website. When news stories do mention the gendered (‘homophobic’) nature of the harassment, they usually fail to underline the implicit conflation of sexual orientation and gender expression that justifies calling a boy ‘gay’ for wearing a color that is perceived as feminine (pink). Notably, in an 8 October 2011 National Post article, a British professor of sociology argued that a child coming home in a pink shirt may be troubling if a parent has a moral discomfort with homosexuality. The assumption that there is a straightforward connection between effeminacy and homosexuality goes unquestioned.
Whether the connection between sexual orientation and gender presentation is erased as in the Pink Shirt Day campaign or made hypervisible as in the National Post article, such examples underline the problem of conflation. In both instances, the role of gender policing is ignored, and in the context of anti-bullying, this approach works to make further invisible the gendered roots of homophobic violence in schools.
By focusing on individual displays of ‘homophobia’, we let bullies become an excuse not to look at our own schools and at our own practices, and not to question how we, as educators, administrators, parents, and scholars, may have helped to create an environment where these acts of bullying become intelligible. And while this focus has often rallied people around gay youth, the issues faced by trans youth are often forgotten, marginalized, or conflated with ‘homophobia’.
If we hope not to wake again to the news of the suicide of one more queer or trans youth, we need a broader perspective, one that focuses on how heteronormative mechanisms function pervasively in our schools and classrooms. This work requires that we unpack our beliefs and assumptions about gender in ways that may be uncomfortable, but are nonetheless necessary. Anti-bullying has gotten us this far. If we want to continue improving school cultures to make them welcoming for all students, we need this shift from homophobia to heteronormativity and from homophobia to gendered harassment.
Hélène Frohard-Dourlent is a PhD student in the Department of Sociology at The University of British Columbia in Vancouver.<|endoftext|>گروه بین الملل: وزیر خارجه فنلاند گفت حمله روسیه به اوکراین هشدارهای امنیتی را در اروپا برجسته کرده و به خاطر "لفاظیهای مسکو" در رابطه با مسئله هستهای، فنلاند خواستار عضویت سریع در ناتو است.
پکا هاویستو، گفت: «حمله روسیه به اوکراین یعنی سطح امنیت در اروپا تغییر کرده است.»وزیر خارجه فنلاند در ادامه افزود: «تهدیدهای هستهای مسکو باعث شده تا فنلاند به این فکر باشد که در صورت چنین اتفاقی، چگونه باید پاسخ دهد و از کجا باید کمک دریافت کند. در نتیجه همین نگرانیها هستند که موجب شده تا هلسینکی خواستار عضویت سریع در ائتلاف نظامی ناتو شود.»
فنلاند که ۱۳۴۰ کیلومتر مرز زمینی با روسیه دارد، در ماه مه به همراه همسایهاش سوئد درخواست پیوستن به ائتلاف نظامی ناتو را مطرح و نسبت به حمله روسیه به اوکراین و "خطرات احتمالی" ابراز نگرانی کردند. تاکنون ۲۸ کشور از این ائتلاف ۳۰ عضوی با این درخواست فنلاند و سوئد موافقت کردهاند، اما مجارستان و ترکیه هنوز
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ن و نوشیدن؛ زمین بازی کودکان؛ لوكس فروشي طراح؛ گالری های هنری؛ سادگي کلوپ های منحصر روي فرد.
کاملا صادقانه می گویم، من نمی توانم دوباره پيدا كردن بسیاری دوباره پيدا كردن این تاسیسات جدید كاربرد کنم، ولي به بنابرين قایق های طراز اول فوق العاده راكب شده تو بندرگاه، تعداد بسیار زیادی از حيوان می توانند.
حتی هیجان انگیز نم طرح های برای کشتی های سكبا سرعت خراج از رفت صداقت آمد مکرر برای گردش های روزانه فايده جزایر یونان است.
با اعتنا به یالیواک زندگی را به عنوان یک روستای کوچک ماهیگیری فاتحه شده است، طیف وسیعی پيدا كردن غذاهای بین المللی عرضه شده ميانجيگري رستوران ها شگفت آور است. بی نظیر، غذاهای دریایی اشتها آور هستند اخلاص رستوران هایی که بندرگاه قدیمی را الفبا می زنند، ماهی های تازه را تو کابینت های شیشه ای علامت می دهند، بنابراین ايشان می توانید ماهی خويشتن را شوربا وزن خود آزادي کنید و سپس نزاكت مال را کبابی کنید.
رستوران های سنتی ترکیه نیز شمارنده های شیشه ای مبصر بزرگ تر خود را با غذاهای ثغر آبیاری (غذاهای آماده) طويله می کنند. سعی کنید Acili Ezme، شیب گوجه فرنگی تند که کاملا همراه سكبا پختن تازه ماهر شده است. اگر غذای ترکیه ایده قرمز پري برای سایز خويش نباشد، كلاً چیز داخل رستوران های پیتزا اخلاص همچنین آپارتمان های هند يكدلي استیک اندر دسترس است.
رستورانهای یالیواک همچنین دارای مزایای اضافی محیط پيرامون سورئالی می باشند که داعيه می شود تابستان ویژه های ويژه تعلق خود را داشته باشند. بسیاری از رستوران ها كناره ور را مراسله می گذارند خلوص میز را روی ريگ یا کف پوش ثبات می دهند ولو شما بتوانید یک غذای دنج با چرت حرف بي منطق زدن دریا، چند متر گزند تفرق داشته باشید.
با دد ديو محلی ناسره و سره شوید، باز يافتن طریق واحه به منطقه جوانب مسجد فوق و پايين بزنید. داخل اینجا ضمير اول شخص جمع می توانید فايده طور غیر رسمی (و ارزان) درون رستوران سبک ترکیه به پشتوانه lukantas. Teashops همچنین نفوس محلی را که بازی های متحرک را از دومینو یا کارت بازی می کنند، میزبانی می کنند بي آلايشي برای اشخاص جالب مشغوليت می کند!
این مقاله پادرمياني جسیکا ویتل، مسافر عاشق است که داخل سراسر آفاق بوده است. او دارای نکات بي آلايشي توصیه های منطقه ای برای اشتراک آش خوانندگان است، منتها توصیه می کند که به موطن ساحلی بازگشت کنید تا لذت های خويش را ببینید. پیشنهاد وی برای جايدهي شبانه یک Panoramic Villas است که اختيار های عالی ویلاهای تعطیلات و منزل ساختمان ها تو سراسر كرانه ها و انفس را دارند. نظر Villas یالیواک خود را اینجا.
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10 Haziran 2019'da güncellendi.
Bir gelir tablosundaki amortisman giderini ve bilançoda birikmiş amortismanı hesaplamak için temel amortisman yöntemlerini anladıktan sonra, sonra amortisman yöntemlerini (önemli olan şeyleri, önemli olmayan şeyleri) ve rapor edilen karlılık üzerindeki çeşitli etkileri hakkında genel gözlemleri karşılaştırın ve ortak sermaye.
Amortisman Yöntemlerinin İçsel Değere Etkisi
Başarılı işletmeler varlıklara ışık tutma eğilimindedir, çünkü sermaye getirileri çok yüksektir.
Hala bu kategoriye girmeyen birçok iyi ve harika işletme var, ama hepsi eşit, bu doğru. Amortisman politikalarının hesaplanmasında fazla bir etkisi olmayacaktır. gerçek değer Microsoft veya Visa gibi bir firma için, ancak Union Pacific veya Alcoa'yı analiz ederken çok büyük önem taşıyacaklar.
Mal Sahibi Kazanç Hesaplaması vs. Tek Başına Hisse Başına Kazanç
Bu, hisse başına kazançları tek başına incelemek yerine bir sahibin kazanç hesaplamasını kullanmayı tercih etmenizin sebebidir. Örneğin, Union Pacific ile gerçek ekonomik karlar, gelir tablosunun altında bulunan rapor edilen karlardan daha düşüktür.
Bunun yanı sıra, raporlanan mali rakamlarda, temel durum aynı olsa bile yıldan yıla çok fazla değişiklik olabilir. Bu noktayı yapmak için şu ana kadar hesapladığınız amortisman örneklerinden birini inceleyin.
100.000 dolarlık bir varlık elde eden bir işletmeyi incelediğinizi düşünün.
Bu varlığın 10.000 ABD doları tahmini kurtarma değeri vardı ve 10 yıllık faydalı bir ömre sahip olmasını beklediniz. Ekonomik gerçekliğin her durumda tam olarak aynı olmasına rağmen, burada amortisman giderindeki fark Bu sözleşmenin hazırlanmasında kullanılan amortisman yöntemine bağlı olarak her yıl gelir tablosuna yansıtılır. onun bilanço ve gelir tablosu.
Doğrusal Amortisman Yöntemleri ve Karlılık
Muhasebe metodolojisinden başka bir fark olmamasına rağmen, örneğin dokuzuncu yılda, doğrusal amortisman yöntemini kullanan bir şirket, Irak yıl basamağı veya çift azalan bakiye amortisman toplamını kullananlardan daha az karlı aynı zamanda, çok daha yüksek net değere sahip olmak, Başkent.
Ayrıca, bazı yönetimin amortisman giderini gelir tablosunda ayrı bir çizgi olarak raporlayacağını, diğerlerinin dolaylı olarak da dahil olmak üzere daha gizli olacağını bildirecektir. satış, genel ve idari (SG&A) masrafları, örneğin masaların amortisman masrafları için.
Her iki durumda da, bilgileri gelir tablosu aracılığıyla veya yıllık rapor veya Form 10-K dosyalama. Ayrıca bir şirketin amortisman uygulamalarını, sektör veya endüstri çünkü bazı yönetim varlıklar üzerinde makul olmayan şekilde yüksek tahmini kurtarma değerleri belirlemeye ve bu durumun emsallere göre daha düşük amortisman giderine yol açmasına neden olabilir.
Amortisman Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması
|Yöntem||Yıl 1||Yıl 2||Yıl 3|
|Düz||$1,600.00||$1,600.00||$1,600.00|
|Yılların Toplamı||$2,400.00||$1,599.84||$800.16|
|Çift Azalan Bakiye||$3,200.00||$1,600.00||$0.00|<|endoftext|>Pakistan began developing its nuclear weapons programme after its neighbour India conducted its ”peaceful” nuclear test in 1974. During the next 20 years, Pakistan made substantial efforts to develop a uranium enrichment programme for nuclear weapons at the Abdul Qadeer Khan Laboratories.
With help from Canada, China and France, Pakistan gained the capability in the late 1980s to rapidly develop a nuclear weapon. After India’s nuclear test in May 1998, Pakistan conducted a series of nuclear tests over the course of two days to demonstrate its nuclear-weapons capability. A Q Khan, the father of Pakistan’s nuclear weapon programme, later engaged in substantial trade of illicit nuclear technology on the nuclear black market with states including Libya and North Korea.
Pakistan is rapidly developing and enhancing its nuclear-weapons capability. Estimating the exact size and composition of the Pakistani nuclear arsenal is difficult, as no official data has been published. Federation of American Scientists, FAS, estimates that Pakistan currently maintains an arsenal of 120-130 nuclear weapons.
Pakistan deploys its nuclear arsenal partly on fighter-bomber aircraft and partly on land-based ballistic missiles. While it is unclear which types of aircraft the Pakistan Air Force have assigned a nuclear role, Pakistan currently maintains the following aircraft fleet:
- F-16A/B: Pakistan gained 40 F-16A/B from the United States in the 1980s, as well as an additional 85 F-16s delivered between 2005 and 2008. The F-16 fleet has since been upgraded with a mid-life upgrade (MDU).
- Mirage V: The SIPRI Yearbook 2014 suggests the French Mirage V is a more likely candidate for a nuclear role, due to the fact that the earlier Mirage III model has been used extensiely for testing the new Ra’ad air-launched cruise missile, a missile which might be intended for delivering nuclear weapons. Pakistan has also developed and in-flight refueling capability for the Mirage V through the Russian Il-78, allowing the Mirage V to gain an increased operational range, a factor that is considered essential for long-range nuclear strikes.
- JF-17: Pakistan has recently acquired the Chinese-produced JF-17, which might be intended as a replacement to the aging Mirage V.
- Abdali (Hatf-2): The Abdali is a short-range ballistic missile with a limited range of about 180 km. According to the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the Abdali is able to carry both nuclear and conventional warheads, providing ”operational level capability to Pakistan’s Strategic Forces”.
- Ghaznavi (Hatf-3): The Ghaznavi, according to the ISI, is a short-range (290 km) ballistic missile. The missile can also carry either nuclear or conventional warheads. The missile was tested on April 22 and May 8, 2014. An ISI press release stated that the successful launch was ”another milestone which has further strengthened the defence potential of Pakistan”, indicating a tactical nuclear role for the Ghaznavi.
- Shaheen I (Hatf-4): According to the ISI, the Shaheen 1 is a short-range ballistic missile with both a nuclear and conventional capability, able to deliver warheads at up to 900 km. The 900-km range indicates that the ISI is actually referring to the Shaheen 1-A, an extended-range version of the Shaheen 1.
- Shaheen II (Hatf-6): The Shaheen 2 is an intermediate-range ballistic missile, most recently tested on November 13, 2014. After many years of uncertainty over the missile’s status, Pakistani military officials have hailed it as ”yet another milestone towards consolidation of full spectrum minimum deterrence”. According to the ISI, the missile is able to deliver both nuclear and conventional warheads to targets up to 1500 km away.
- Ghauri (Hatf-5): The Ghauri is a liquid-fuelled and road-mobile medium-range ballistic missile able to deliver warheads up to 1250 km. According to the SIPRI it is based on the North Korean Nodong missile. The missile is believed to have entered service into Pakistan’s strategic forces in 2003, with fewer than 50 launchers deployed. The missile was last tested on November 28, 2012.
- Nasr (Hatf-9): The Nasr is a road-mobile short-range ballistic missile equipped with multiple launch tubes with a very limited 60-km range, indicating its likely role as a tactical battlefield nuclear weapon platform. The Nasr is described as a nuclear ”quick response system” intended to deter threats at shorter ranges, being able to rapidly withdraw after firing in a ”shoot and scoot” manner.
- Babur (Hatf-7): The Babur an indigenously produced ground-launched cruise missile that can be fired from mobile multi-tube launchers. ISI claims it incorporates stealth features and has a nuclear capability. The missile has a 700-km range and was last test-launched on September 17, 2012.
- Ra’ad (Hatf-8): The Ra’ad is an air-launched cruise missile having a 350-km range. According to the SIPRI World Yearbook, the missile was last test-launched on May 31, 2012.
Nuclear weapon modernization
Pakistan is rapidly developing and enhancing its nuclear weapons capability, and this trend is likely to continue at a rapid pace in the coming years, especially as Pakistan faces the challenge of Indian efforts to deploy a nuclear triad of land-, air- and sea-based nuclear forces.
A worrying trend with Pakistani nuclear weapon modernization efforts is the increasing attention given to cruise and ballistic short-range missile systems. This indicates that Pakistan is currently attempting to develop a wide spectrum of missile systems intended for battlefield use against an outside aggressor’s military forces, most likely India’s. The development of such short-range systems is worrying because these tactical nuclear weapons must be ”forward-deployed” for them to have a deterrent effect. This can cause Pakistan to be vulnerable to a ”use-or-lose” dilemma in an actual conflict, giving Pakistan a strong incentive to ”use” these weapons before they are lost as an attacker advances. The use of such weapons carries additional risk, as any use of tactical nuclear weapons entails the risk of escalation to longer-range nuclear weapons, widening the theatre of battle from the tactical to the strategic level.
Nuclear weapons in national security strategy
Pakistan has no official nuclear weapons doctrine, but through statements and documents made by Pakistani civil and military channels it is still possible to deduce the role of nuclear weapons in the country’s national security strategy. Pakistan views nuclear weapons as its most valuable and important means to maintain national sovereignty. This is made clear in the article ”Pakistan’s Nuclear Imperatives” by General Mirza Aslam Beg, where he stated that ”Oxygen is basic to life, and one does not debate its desirability, nuclear deterrence has assumed that life-saving property for Pakistan”.
Most experts believe Pakistan’s nuclear weapons are intended to counter neighbouring India – both militarily and politically—in order to deter both a conventional attack from India’s superior conventional forces, and in order to respond to a possible attack with nuclear and/or conventional weapons. The statements made by Pakistani officials in regards to nuclear weapons often follow Indian statements, but differ on one important count. Pakistan has not made a no first-use pledge with regard to nuclear weapons. The reason for this might be Pakistan’s inferior position in conventional military forces. Avoiding a no first-use pledge might therefore be a way for Pakistan to enhance its deterrence capability, by leaving it unclear as to whether Pakistan will respond to a conventional attack with nuclear weapons.
The current trend towards a great number of shorter-range missile systems could quite possibly be interpreted a response to India’s new ”Cold Start” doctrine. Developed after the Mumbai attacks in 2008, the ”Cold Start” doctrine calls for rapid mobilization of Indian forces in the event of a conflict. These would then be used to penetrate the Pakistan border and overwhelm Pakistani forces with dispersed combat units in order to seize limited territorial targets before Pakistan or other powers could intervene. Through the development of highly mobile quick-response short-range nuclear-capable launchers, Pakistan could gain an increased capability to rapidly target advancing enemy forces.
Fissile material inventory
Pakistan currently maintains two plutonium production reactors, the Khushab-I and Khushab-II, which were put in operation in 1998 and late 2009 or early 2010 respectively. Two additional reactors are currently under construction at the same site, which will bring the number of plutonium production reactors to four. The reactors are believed to operate at 40-50 MWt. According to the International Panel on Fissile Materials, each of these reactors can produce 6-12 kg of plutonium annually, enough for 1-3 nuclear weapons each year, depending on weapon design. Four of these reactors could produce a total of 25-50 kgs of plutonium annually.
Last update: March 16, 2017<|endoftext|>William Hart had a predilection for intense colours, an attribute that would have pleased Gould. Though he commenced medical training, Hart was forced to abandon his studies due to lack of finance. He then turned to making his living as a colourer.
Commencing work for Gould in the summer of 1851, Hart made the patterns (master illustrations to be copied by the colouring workshop) for the humming birds and coloured the metallic parts of the plates. He also worked on The Birds of Great Britain with H C Richter.
By 1870 Hart was Gould's chief artist and lithographer, and frequently coloured the finished plates. During this period he worked on The Birds of New Guinea and lithographed 141 of Gould's sketches.
Following Gould's death in 1881, Hart was employed by Dr R Bowdler-Sharpe to complete Gould's work on The Birds of New Guinea. Hart's best work was on the Birds of Paradise in The Birds of New Guinea - their bright colours suiting his tendency to overcolour.<|endoftext|>是指医疗机构在医疗、预防、保健以及其他相关活动中产生的具有直接或间接感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的废物，具体包括感染性、病理性、损伤性、药物性、化学性废物。这些废物含有大量的细菌性病毒，而且有一定的空间污染、急性病毒传染和潜伏性传染的特征，如不加强管理、随意丢弃，任其混入生活垃圾、流散到人们生活环境中，就会污染大气、水源、土地以及动植物，造成疾病传播，严重危害人的身心健康。所有与生活垃圾不可以混放。
相关人员——1.直接产生者：做一级处理，既简单处理。如：用消毒水浸泡等。2.医院指定责任人：做二级处理。如：分装打包等。3.专职人员：可以是环卫部门或卫生部门指定人员，其职责是做彻底无害化处理。专用物品——1.专门的塑料袋：黄色的，禁止装生活垃圾，只能装医用垃圾，如敷料等。2.专门的垃圾桶：黄色的，禁止扔生活垃圾，只能扔医用垃圾，如注射器。3.硫代硫酸钠专门的容器：禁止存放其他物品，只能盛装医用垃圾，如化学试剂等。
液氯作为一种目前普遍的消毒剂，广泛的应用在各个领域，是目前为止使用的水处理消毒方法。主要特点是工业产品瓶装液氯来源广泛、可靠，加氯消毒的一次性设备投资和运行费用较低，同时消毒效果比较稳定，有比较成熟的设计经验，因而应用比较广泛，不足之处在于经过近20年的应用之后，人们发现：一方面，氯气是一种有毒气体，因而在运输、
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生意遭公司拒绝
陈冠希虽然已公开声明过要无限期退出香港娱乐圈，但他其实一直有遥控打理时装生意，更希望亲自回港打理生意。但经理人公司为了其安全一直不准他回港，因为去年在他准备举行记者会公开道歉前，有消息指其司机收到一个恐吓电话，要求他不要回港开记者会，否则会对他不利，再加上近期传媒又收到子弹恐吓信，其经理人公司相信有人刻意针对他，所以才坚持要他离开香港。
收两封子弹恐吓信自称“不会怕”
香港有线电视台3月11日下午五点接获一封贴有美国邮票的恐吓信，信中以英文书写，还附上一颗子弹，要陈冠希“不要返港”，4月4日清明节后不要再出来见人，否则要置他于死地。昨电视台紧急报警处理。
香港《苹果日报》3月12日也收到一模一样的第2颗“索命子弹”及恐吓信件，收件人是“Jimmy Lai”（壹传媒集团主席黎智英）。
(编辑：beryl)
"冰火"第四季曝新预告17日
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更多>><|endoftext|>Vigenère’s cipher was invented in the 16th century and was considered secure until well into the twentieth century despite attacks being developed in the 19th century by the British mathematician Charles Babbage and the German cryptographer Friedrich Kasiski.
A cipher is an encryption system that maps a character to some other character unlike a code which is a mapping between words. Vigenère’s cipher is an example of a shift cipher wherein each letter of the plaintext is ‘shifted’ by some value to become a different letter via the encryption process. This ultimately yields the ciphertext which can then be sent as a secure message. That is, in a shift cipher, each letter in the plaintext is linearly mapped to some other character for use in the ciphertext.
The steps of Vigenère’s cipher are as follows:
- Choose a keyword or a key length and subsequently a set of characters equal to that length.
- Convert both the plaintext and key to integers based upon the alphabetic position of the letters (e.g. A = 0, B = 1, …, Z = 25).
- Repeat the key if necessary so that it is at least as long as the plaintext to be sent.
- Add the values of the (repeated) key to the values of the plain text and take the modulus of them mod 26.*
- Convert the numbers back to letters.
* Modulus 26 (often shortened to mod 26) means take the remainder of the value when divided by 26. Values from 0 to 25 remain unchanged but values beyond 25 are reduced to values between 0 and 25. For example 40 (mod 26) ≡ 14 since 40 ÷ 26 = 1 remainder 14.
26 is used because this is the number of letters in the English alphabet and hence its use ensures that we always have a value between 0 and 25 which can then be mapped back to a letter.
Let’s try an example using VECTOR as our key:
Plaintext: THISISATEST → 19 07 08 20 08 20 00 19 04 20 19Key: VECTORVECTO → 21 04 02 19 14 17 21 04 02 19 14————————————————————————————————+ 40 11 10 39 22 37 21 23 06 39 33(mod 26) 14 11 10 13 22 11 21 23 06 13 07Ciphertext: O L K N W L V X G N H
This encryption has rendered the original plaintext THISISATEST to the ciphertext OLKNWLVXGNH simply by shifting each letter by its corresponding letter in the key VECTOR.
To decrypt ciphertext encrypted using Vigenère’s cipher one must know the key. From here getting back to the original plaintext message is relatively simple. Do the reverse of the encryption algorithm; that is take the value of the corresponding letter of the key from the values of the letters of ciphertext and convert back to the English alphabet.
The decryption algorithm therefore follows the steps below:
- Convert both the ciphertext and the known key to integers based upon the alphabetic position of the letters (e.g. A = 0, B = 1, …, Z = 25).
- Repeat the key if necessary so that it is at least as long as the ciphertext received.
- Subtract the values of the (repeated) key from the corresponding values of the ciphertext and take the modulus of them mod 26.
- Convert the numbers back to letters and you have the original message.
Let us now consider an example of decryption using our previous encrypted message as an example. If you were to receive the ciphertext from our earlier encryption: OLKNWLVXGNH. You would decrypt it as follows:
Ciphertext: OLKNWLVXGNH → 14 11 10 13 22 11 21 23 06 13 07Key: VECTORVECTO → 21 04 02 19 14 17 21 04 02 19 14————————————————————————————————- -7 07 08 -6 08 -6 00 19 04 -6 -7(mod 26) 19 07 08 20 08 20 00 19 04 20 19Plaintext: T H I S I S A T E S T
The successful use of Vigenère’s cipher is dependent on the same key being known by the sender of the encrypted message and the receiver. This is why the key is often known as a shared secret. If outsiders know the key then they will be able to intercept messages and decrypt them rendering the encryption useless.
The security of this system depends on neither the keyword nor its length being known to outsiders.
There are several types of attacks one often considers in cryptography. Most common are known plaintext attacks, where the attacker can see the plaintext before encryption and receives the ciphertext, chosen plaintext attacks where the attacker is able to choose the plaintext sent to the encryption algorithm and receives the corresponding ciphertext and ciphertext only attacks where only the intercepted ciphertext is known to attackers.
In the case of Vigenère’s cipher getting the key under a chosen plaintext attack is simple. One simply chooses plaintext of AAAAAA… and then receives the key repeated. The repetition can be noted and then used to find the key.
The plaintext can be ‘subtracted’ from the ciphertext modulo 26 and again the repeating key will be revealed.
Alternatively with enough ciphertext letter frequency attacks can be undertaken. This becomes a brute force attack as each key length must be tried but put simply one takes the ciphertext and calculates letter frequencies for each nth letter. Knowing the frequency of letters in written English with enough text the value of n for which the frequency values of letters in the ciphertext match the frequency values of letters in English will be the key length. Then the letters of the key can be found my mapping ciphertext letter frequencies for every nth letter to the English letters whose frequencies are known. This type of attack assumes that the initial language of the plaintext is known.
A more approximate yet faster way of deducing the key length is to write the ciphertext down several times and each time shift the ciphertext by some number of columns as demonstrated below.
O L K N W L V X G N HO L K N W L V X G N HO L K N W L V X G N H
For each shift number the number of matches should be counted. Where the number of matching values between the initial ciphertext and the shifted ciphertext reaches its maximum this is the most probable value for the key length. In our case there are no matches for the 1 and 2 character shifts shown. This technique is not effective here because our ciphertext sample is very small.
The reason why the ‘shifting’ technique works in finding the key length is a little more involved than is fitting for this overview of Vigenère’s cipher however a full explanation is given in the textbook “Introduction to Cryptography with Coding Theory” by Wade Trappe and Laurence C. Washington widely available online as a free PDF.
In summary, Vigenère’s cipher is a shift cipher based on the use of a key word or phrase for encryption. It works by ‘adding’ the key to the plaintext modulo 26 and thereby returning the encrypted text or ciphertext. This cipher works requires that neither the key nor its length is known to attackers. It is also vulnerable to letter frequency attacks. The most secure implementation would use a long key which is not a known English word to send only short messages. This avoids brute force attacks of common word keys and prevents enough cipher text to be collected for a letter frequency attack to be undertaken.<|endoftext|>The drive covered about 38 meters (125 feet) and brought the mission's odometry to about 1.029 kilometers (3,376 feet). The drive was completed in the early afternoon of the rover's 335th Martian day, or sol, of work on Mars (July 17). It continued progress in a multi-month trek begun this month toward a mountain destination.
"When I saw that the drive had gone well and passed the kilometer mark, I was really pleased and proud," said rover driver Frank Hartman of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. "Hopefully, this is just the first of many kilometers to come."
Yesterday was is halfway through the mission's prime mission of one Martian year. Two weeks ago, Curiosity finished investigating science targets in the Glenelg area, about half a kilometer (500 yards) east of where the one-ton rover landed on Aug. 5, 2012, PDT (Aug. 6, Universal Time). The mission's next major destination is at the lower layers of Mount Sharp, about 8 kilometers (5 miles) southwest of Glenelg.
Mount Sharp, in the middle of Gale Crater, exposes many layers where scientists anticipate finding evidence about how the ancient Martian environment changed and evolved. At targets in the Glenelg area, the rover already accomplished the mission's main science objective by finding evidence for an ancient wet environment that had conditions favorable for microbial life.
JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages the Mars Science Laboratory Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. JPL designed and built the project's Curiosity rover.
More information about Curiosity is online at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/msl , http://www.nasa.gov/msl and http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/ . You can follow the mission on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/marscuriosity and on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/marscuriosity .
News Media ContactGuy Webster 818-354-6278
Jet Propulsion Laboratory<|endoftext|>به گزارش خبرگزاری فارس، روزنامه آمریکایی «واشنگتن پست» در گزارشی با این عنوان که «شکسته شدن سقف بدهی آمریکا به معنای سقوط آزاد اقتصاد این کشور است»، ...
به گزارش خبرگزاری فارس، روزنامه آمریکایی «واشنگتن پست» در گزارشی با این عنوان که «شکسته شدن سقف بدهی آمریکا به معنای سقوط آزاد اقتصاد این کشور است»، با استناد به اظهارات کارشناسان نوشته است که دولت «باراک اوباما» رئیس جمهور آمریکا مجبور است پرداخت ده ها میلیارد دلار پول در قالب چک های تامین اجتماعی، کوپن های مواد غذایی و مزایایی بیکاری را در صورت ناکامی مذاکرات پیرامون افزایش سقف بدهی دولت، به تاخیر بیندازد و یا احتمالا تعلیق کند.
بر اساس این گزارش، دولت آمریکا امروز دوشنبه را با بودجه نقدی معادل 30 میلیارد دلار در بانک شروع می کند و فضای کمی برای قرض گیری دارد و این در حالیست که مقامات آمریکایی اعلام کرده اند که تا روز پنج شنبه هفته جاری تمام اعتبارات قرض گیری دولت واشنگتن به اتمام می رسد.
کارشناسان امور مالی فدرال اعلام کرده اند که بودجه ای که دولت واشنگتن بعد از پایان اعتبار سقف بدهی اش در اختیار دارد، شاید برای پرداخت چند روزه صورت حساب ها کافی باشد، اما قطعا برای بیش از دو هفته کفایت نمی کند. این کارشناسان بر این باورند که در هر صورت، رئیس جمهور آمریکا مجبور خواهد شد که درباره اینکه چه کسی حقوق بگیرد، تصمیمات آزمایش نشده ای بگیرد زیرا دریافت های روزانه مالیاتی صرفا حدود 70 سنت از هر دلار هزینه های ضروری را تامین می کنند.
اقتصاددانان کاملا توافق دارند که کاهش هزینه های فدرال منجر می شود که به رشد اقتصادی آمریکا کاهش پیدا کند و در مقابل، کمک به افراد کم درآمد و سالمند نیز ممکن است در صورتی که کنگره سقف بدهی را افزایش ندهد، به تاخیر بیفتد و یا حتی کاهش داشته باشد.
بر اساس آنچه در این گزارش آمده است، واکنش بازارهای مالی به ادامه بن بست بودجه در آمریکا ممکن است اولین تاثیر ناشی از شکسته شدن سقف بدهی آمریکا باشد اما پیامدهای پر شدن این سقف استقراض دولت واشنگتن احتمالا در زمینه های دیگر نیز دیده خواهد شد.
بر اساس اعلام مرکز سیاست های دو حزبی آمریکا که مفصلترین تحلیل را پیرامون امور مالی دولت آمریکا در صورت شکسته شدن سقف بدهی این کشور انجام داده است، مقامات آمریکایی مجبورند به فکر تاخیر و یا تعلیق پرداخت ده ها میلیارد دلار از پرداخت های حیاتی به افراد سالمند و کم درآمد باشند.
علاوه بر این، در صورت اجرای هشدار دهندهترین سناریو تا روز جمعه هفته جاری، پرداخت ها به تامین کنندگان بیمه پزشکی سالمندان و بیمه بهداشت مستمندان، مزایای بیکاری، چک های خدمات اجتماعی و بازپرداخت های مالیاتی به مدت یک یا چهار روز به تعویق خواهد افتاد.
کوپن های مواد غذایی نیز که قرار است در تاریخ 25 اکتبر توزیع شوند ممکن است تا 30 اکتبر همچنان توزیع نشوند؛ همین اتفاق ممکن است برای صدور چک های پرداختی به پیمانکاران دفاعی آمریکا بیفتد.
از طرف دیگر، از آنجایی که اول نوامبر سال جاری میلادی مهلت پرداخت های دیگری نیز است، ممکن است شرایط رنج آور تر شود؛ اول نوامبر زمان پرداخت تقریبا 60 میلیارد دلار در قالب چک های تامین اجتماعی، مزایای کهنه سربازان آمریکایی و پرداخت حقوق نظامیان فعال ارتش آمریکا است که بر اساس برآورد مرکز سیاست های دو حزبی آمریکا، ممکن است این پرداخت ها به مدت دو هفته به تاخیر بیفتد.
بر اساس این گزارش، از آنجایی که جریان دریافت های مالیاتی دولت فدرال کاملا قابل پیش بینی نیست و از طرف دیگر تعطیلی دولت واشنگتن همزمان با آغاز سال مالی جدید آمریکا در تاریخ اول اکتبر نیز رخ داده است، زمان بندی دقیق در مورد تاخیر چنین پرداخت هایی امکان پذیر نیست.
در این بین اما تاخیر در پرداخت های حمایتی از مردم یکی از بزرگترین نگرانی ها در صورت عدم افزایش سقف بدهی آمریکا است؛ آن دسته از مردم آمریکا که برای تامین مواد غذایی خود و یا پرداخت اجاره به پرداخت های حمایتی دولت وابسته هستند، ممکن است ناگهان بدون حمایت رها شوند.
تحلیلگران مؤسسه «مودی» تاکید دارند که عدم پرداخت کوپن های مواد غذایی و یا مزایای بیکاری می تواند تاثیرات مهم و قابل توجهی به همراه داشته باشد زیرا خانوارهای نیازمند این کوپن ها و مزایا را سریعا خرج می کنند.
سایر برآوردها حاکی از آن است که در صورت عدم افزایش سقف بدهی آمریکا، نرخ بیکاری این کشور به 10 درصد باز می گردد و اقتصاد نیز وارد رکود می شود.
این روزنامه آمریکایی نوشته است که در صورت شکسته شدن سقف بدهی آمریکا که در حال حاضر 16.7 تریلیون دلار است، مقامات مسئول ممکن است مجبور شوند برخی از پرداخت ها را به دیگری ترجیح دهند و این اقدامی غیرعملی و غیرقانونی است.
این خبر در شرایطی گزارش میشود که دولت واشنگتن چهارده روز است که به دلیل اختلاف دموکرات ها و جمهوریخواهان درباره لایحه خدمات درمانی اوباما در قانون بودجه جدید این کشور، در تعطیلی به سر می برد؛ جمهوریخواهان روی تعویق یک ساله اجرای این طرح تاکید دارند اما دموکرات های سنا با این ایده مخالفند.
از طرف دیگر، در حالیکه سقف بدهی آمریکا در تاریخ 17 اکتبر پر می شود و خطر ورشکستگی آمریکا وجود دارد، جمهوریخواهان تهدید کرده اند که اگر خواسته آنها مبنی بر تعویق یک ساله اجرای طرح خدمات درمانی در لایحه بودجه جدید آمریکا لحاظ نشود، آنها نیز با افزایش سقف بدهی مخالفت خواهند کرد.
انتهای پیام/ص<|endoftext|>I migliori ospedali per il trattamento del cancro anale in India
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Descrizione
Il cancro è un tumore maligno che colpisce una quantità significativa della popolazione in tutto il mondo. Migliaia di turisti medici viaggiano all'estero per il loro trattamento del cancro in India ogni anno.
Il cancro anale di solito si sviluppa nel colon o nel retto. Un chirurgo colorettale esegue l'intervento chirurgico per rimuovere i tessuti anormali dal corpo del paziente estraendo il contorno del colon (margine). Le fasi iniziali del melanoma vengono trattate solo con la chirurgia.
L'India rappresenta alcuni dei migliori ospedali per il trattamento del cancro anale, che si diffondono nelle città metropolitane del paese come Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai e Bangalore. La maggior parte di questi ospedali ha due divisioni, una per il trattamento del cancro e la seconda per la ricerca, che li aiutano a scoprire ed esplorare nuovi metodi per curare il cancro.
FAQ
1. Come faccio a sapere qual è l'ospedale giusto per me? Come posso rivedere / valutare un ospedale?
Il trattamento del cancro può allungarsi per un periodo di settimane, durante il quale un paziente potrebbe dover ammettere un intervento chirurgico o visitare l'ospedale regolarmente per le sue sessioni di terapia. Questo rende importante che scelgano un ospedale dove si sentano a loro agio.
Fattori che dovrebbero essere considerati prima di selezionare un ospedale:
• L'ospedale è accreditato da NABH o JCI? JCI (Joint Commission International) è un comitato internazionale per la sicurezza dei pazienti che aiuta a classificare i fornitori di servizi sanitari con strutture di livello mondiale. NABH (Consiglio nazionale di accreditamento per gli ospedali e i fornitori di servizi sanitari) è il consiglio di certificazione indiano creato per aiutare il paziente a identificare un ospedale appro
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would face significant financial consequences. Today, they only have to provide back pay minus what the employee earned elsewhere, or even could have earned, after getting fired illegally.
The law would also prevent companies from redefining who gets to vote in union elections. This seemingly minor distinction can be crucial to efforts to defeat union drives. In Bessemer, Amazon raised the bar for organizers to win a majority by successfully pushing for the election to cover nearly 6,000 people, including temporary and seasonal workers, instead of the roughly 1,500 workers the Retail, Wholesale, and Department Store Union initially wanted to unionize. When unions win elections, companies would be forced into arbitration if they don’t accept a collective bargaining agreement within 90 days of negotiating. (More than half of unions don’t have a contract one year after winning an election.)
For now, the PRO Act looks stuck. It won’t get a vote on the Senate floor until all Democrats get behind it. There are three holdouts: Mark Kelly and Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, and Mark Warner of Virginia. And even if they sign on, there won’t be enough votes to overcome a Republican filibuster. But it may still be possible to enact some parts of the bill through reconciliation with a simple majority vote, such as financial penalties for companies that violate labor law.
There’s reason for unions to be optimistic about where Democrats are headed, after decades of tension. The president of of the International Association of Machinists mockingly called President Carter, who invoked a provision of Taft-Hartley to end a coal strike, the “best Republican president since Herbert Hoover.” Clinton backed NAFTA, which was strongly opposed by unions. Obama pushed through yet another free trade agreement opposed by labor before Donald Trump pulled the United States out of it.
Biden, on the other hand, went off script during his address to Congress last week to name-check the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. A few minutes later, he called on Congress to pass the PRO Act. Seven decades after Taft-Hartley, a Democratic president was finally pushing for a change.
This article has been updated to correct the number of Senate seats won by Republican candidates in the 1946 national elections.<|endoftext|>The Xantus's Hummingbird (Hylocharis xantusii) was first collected by Hungarian naturalist John Xántus de Vesey in 1859 and described by George Lawrence (Lawrence 1860), who named it in honor of Xántus. It is a stocky, medium-sized hummingbird with a white postocular-stripe contrasting strongly with a broad, blackish auricular mask; cinnamon belly; mostly rufous tail; and a straight bill. Lamb (Lamb 1925a: 90) described this hummingbird as having a "gentle disposition."
Xantus's Hummingbird is endemic to central and southern Baja California, Mexico, but vagrants have been reported in southern California and British Columbia. Although it is an endemic species with a restricted range, it is fairly common within its range. It can be found in open montane forest, clearings, brushy hillsides, canyons, second growth, gardens, orchards, and arid montane scrub, often near fresh water.
Little is known about the biology and ecology of the Xantus's Hummingbird. A few early studies described the appearance and plumage of the species from various seasons and localities (Bryant 1889, Brewster 1902b, Ridgway 1916); Grinnell (Grinnell 1928b) summarized the distributional records of the time. Lamb's (Lamb 1925a) study provided key information on aspects of behavior, nest-site location, diet, habitat preferences, and especially the breeding of the species. More recently, Arriaga et al. (Arriaga et al. 1990) examined the ecological relationship between the Xantus's Hummingbird and an ericaceous madrone tree (Arbutus peninsularis) that grows on hillsides and canyons of the pine-oak forest and is endemic to Baja California.
The migratory tendencies of the Xantus's Hummingbird are not well known; breeding has been documented in different months for different latitudes. Although nests of the species have been found and a few have even been briefly monitored, descriptions of the actual nest cycle and of the young are lacking. As with other hummingbirds, breeding activities probably vary with the availability of nectar resources, but this has not been directly examined in Xantus's Hummingbird. There are some descriptions of the plants it uses for nec-tar sources, including an endemic madrone that appears to require the hummingbird for pollination (Arriaga et al. 1990). No detailed studies are available, however, measuring mutualisms or coevolutionary interactions between Xantus's Hummingbird and any of its potential nectar resources. Much remains to be learned about the biology of this striking species.<|endoftext|>به گزارش یاهو، این پیرمرد در حال عبور از ریل راه آهن در غرب هند بوده که راننده قطار و دستیارش متوجه او روی ریل می شوند و ترمز اضطراری می گیرند اما با وجود تلاش راننده پیرمرد روی ریل می افتد و به زیر قطار می رود.آنها به داد پیرمرد رسیده و او را از زیر قطار زنده بیرون کشیدند.
"شانتوش کومار" از بازرسی قطار در این باره گفت: ما به شهروندان هشدار می دهیم اما آنها بی توجهی می کنند و باعث بروز چنین حوادثی می شوند ما کمک های اولیه را به این مرد دادیم و خوشبختانه او نجات یافت.<|endoftext|>ABD’deki Tufts Üniversitesi'nden araştırmacılar, az miktarda et veya süt ürünü tüketmenin kadınlarda sağlıklı yaşlanmayı destekleyebileceğini buldu.
Otuz yıl boyunca 48.000'den fazla kadın üzerinde yapılan bir araştırmada, çoğunlukla sebze ve fasulye gibi bitkisel protein kaynakları tüketen, ancak az miktarda hayvansal protein tüketen kadınların yaşlandıkça daha sağlıklı olma ihtimalinin yüzde 46 daha fazla olduğu görüldü.
Ekip, kalp hastalığı, kanser, diyabet ve bilişsel gerileme bulgularının da azaldığını buldu.
Bu çalışma, son yıllarda hayvansal proteinin, çoğunlukla bitkisel bazlı bir diyette bile, kronik hastalıklardan korunmak için çok önemli olduğunu öne süren pek çok çalışmadan biri.
Araştırmanın başından isim olan Tufts Üniversitesi'nden gıda bilimcisi Dr. Andres Ardisson Korat, "Orta yaşlarda proteininizin büyük bir kısmını bitki kaynaklarından ve az miktarda hayvansal proteinden almak, ileri yaşlarda iyi bir sağlığa ve iyi bir hayatta kalmaya yardımcı oluyor gibi görünüyor." dedi.
KADINLAR HAKKINDAKİ VERİLER İNCELENDİ
Veriler, 1984'ten 2016'ya kadar kadın sağlık çalışanlarını takip eden Harvard Üniversitesi Hemşire Sağlığı Araştırması'ndan toplandı.
Araştırmanın başlangıcında kadınlar 38 ila 59 yaşları arasındaydı ve önceden herhangi bir fiziksel ya da zihinsel sağlık sorunları yoktu.
Ekip her dört yılda bir, katılımcılardan hangi protein kaynaklarını yediklerine ilişkin kendilerinin bildirdiği anketler topladı.
Daha sonra 11 kronik hastalığa yakalanmayan veya fiziksel ya da zihinsel sağlığı daha kötü olan kadınların diyetlerini, bu hastalığa sahip olanların diyetleriyle karşılaştırdılar.
Proteinlerinin çoğunu bitkisel kaynaklardan (sebze, meyve, kuruyemiş, fasulye ve makarna dahil) alan kadınların yaşlandıkça sağlıklı olma olasılıkları yüzde 46 daha fazlaydı.
Bu kişilerin, aralarında kalp hastalığı, felç, böbrek yetmezliği, kanser ve Parkinson'un da bulunduğu 11 kronik hastalıktan kurtulma olasılıkları da daha yüksekti.
Ancak çoğunlukla hayvansal protein (sığır eti, tavuk, süt, balık ve peynir) tüketenlerin yaşlandıkça sağlıklı kalma olasılıkları ise yüzde altı azaldı.<|endoftext|>the verbal act of naming
"the part he failed was the naming of state capitals"
appointment, assignment, designation, naming(adj)
the act of putting a person into a non-elective position
"the appointment had to be approved by the whole committee"
inclined to or serving for the giving of names
"the appellative faculty of children"; "the appellative function of some primitive rites"
A ritual or ceremony in which a name is given to a person.
The process of giving names to things.
The act of announcing the name of a person, organization etc.
The newspaper has a policy against naming its sources.
Associated with the process of giving a name to a person or thing.
Naming is a procedure in the British House of Commons, Australian House of Representatives and the New Zealand Parliament, whereby the Speaker or one of his deputies proposes a vote on the suspension of a member of the House if the Speaker believes that he has broken the rules of conduct of the House. Usually this is only done if the member has already been ordered to leave the House and refused to do so, or has committed a serious breach of conduct, and carries a suspension of up to five days and the loss of the Member's salary during that period. The Speaker or Deputy Speaker declares "I name", followed by the name of the member, and then puts the question, A division is not normally required since MPs will usually back the speaker's judgement. However, when John McDonnell was named by deputy speaker Alan Haselhurst on 15 January 2009 for manhandling the parliamentary mace a division was called because George Galloway and other members declared themselves with the Noes. A vote on the suspension was not held as the government refused to provide tellers.
The numerical value of naming in Chaldean Numerology is: 1
The numerical value of naming in Pythagorean Numerology is: 4
Examples of naming in a Sentence
Naming Moxy was a four-month process involving a great deal of brainstorming, once we came up with it, we knew we had a name with emotional resonance that hit a global sweet spot.
People very close to him told us that he feared he was pre-dementia, that he had changed. You watch Donald Trump in the late 1980s, even in the 90s, you watch him now, he is completely changed, can we talk about the media again doing their own self-diagnosis of the problem?Like, youre not allowed to make any jokes right now about Jerry Nadler having an issue, but people like Joe Scarborough are allowed to go on national television and say that people have told Joe Scarborough without actually naming anybody, that the president is pre-dementia.
North Korea has usually tried to hide this facility by not naming it, sometimes it is unnamed; in other cases only the name of the plant manager was given.
Perhaps the most difficult issue facing the military council now through its political committee is getting agreement from the political spectrum and the community forces on the naming of a prime minister, the ball is in their court.
There may be a seductive belief that by naming a running mate, you can magically erase political deficits, but at the end of the day, voters select the person on the top of the ticket, not the understudy.
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Translations for naming
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- English (English)<|endoftext|>Il famoso sabato c'è stato uno spettacolo dell'ultima collezione di un produttore di abbigliamento locale. L'evento ha attirato un gran numero di spettatori che hanno deciso di vedere cosa hanno creato i designer per la stagione associata. Potremmo trovare anche alcune celebrità, giornalisti e politici tra il pubblico.Lo spettacolo è stato raffinato nel fatto più lungo e tutto si è concluso senza ostacoli. In superficie, potremmo ammirare modelli che presentano meravigliosi abiti estivi fatti a mano. Per la loro realizzazione sono stati utilizzati solo tessuti modesti e leggeri con colori enormi e colorati, tra cui cotone, lino e seta. Il nostro giornalista era per lo più coperto di gonne lunghe ariose e colorate, completamente all'uncinetto. Tra loro c'erano anche il pizzo, abiti romantici e camicette con rouches e bikini ricamato. Per i vestiti caldi, i designer hanno proposto cappelli intrecciati da donna a tesa larga, decorati con pizzi e fiori attraenti.Dopo lo spettacolo, ha avuto luogo l'asta di un bellissimo abito da sposa preparato anche per questo senso di colpa. L'abito è stato dato a una persona che vorrei rimanere anonima. Inoltre, sono stati messi all'asta diversi abiti della collezione più interessante. Il reddito raccolto da questa asta sarà noto per la casa dei bambini. Va sottolineato che il nome supporta volentieri varie azioni legali e pratiche. I suoi utenti hanno ripetutamente lasciato i propri prodotti per le aste e quando il soggetto dell'asta era persino una visita in una delle fabbriche.Un portavoce della compagnia ci ha detto che la collezione più moderna arriverà nello stabilimento all'inizio di maggio. Inoltre, ha annunciato che la società vuole creare un negozio online in cui le collezioni diverse da quelle del commercio fisso sarebbero appropriate.Dopotutto, il marchio di abbigliamento di famiglia è uno dei maggiori produttori di abbigliamento. Ha diverse fabbriche in tutta la regione. Impiega diverse migliaia di dipendenti, tra cui molti dei migliori sarti, sarti e architetti del passato. Ogni tanto questo nome lega le collezioni in collaborazione con grandi designer polacchi. Queste collezioni, ovviamente, si preparano con incredibile riconoscimento che anche prima di lanciare il negozio, coloro che erano disposti ad alzarsi la mattina in lunghe file. Queste collezioni passeggiano in una bella giornata.I prodotti di questa azienda da molti anni pascolano con grande successo tra gli utenti, anche nel mondo e all'estero. Scrivendo su di lei, non manca di menzionare la grande soddisfazione che ha ricevuto e che include che i materiali sono della massima qualità.
Vedi il nostro negozio: abbigliamento medico monouso<|endoftext|>
里根總統的偉大人生
曹長青
今天是美國總統里根去世10週年紀念日。里根是一個極有魅力的人物。他的理念、勇氣、幽默、俠骨柔情等等，都是多數政治領袖所缺乏的。他是一個“美國精神、美國價值、美國樂觀、美國信心、美國夢想”的具體體現。
美國輿論把里根評入“二十世紀最偉大的美國總統”，和羅斯福並列。美國“傳統基金會”研究員、第一本里根政治傳記作者李．愛德華茲（Lee Edwards）寫道，“二十世紀的前50年常被說成是羅斯福時代，而后50年將會被稱為里根時代。”“美國企業研究所”研究自由問題的專家邁克．萊丁（Michael Ledeen）則評價說，美國建國二百年來，“有四位偉大的總統，從根本上改變了世界，他們是：華盛頓，林肯，羅斯福，里根。”（我個人認為《獨立宣言》和《美國憲法》的主要起草人傑佛遜最偉大）。
但里根為什麼被評價到如此高度？他有哪些特質征服了評論家、史學家和美國人民？我覺得至少有這樣四個：
第一，里根的智慧。
這首先體現在對共產邪惡有清楚的認知。早年在左派大本營好萊塢做演員時，他就對共產黨深惡痛絕，曾到國會作證，強調反共和清查好萊塢共黨份子的重要性。他和南希的戀愛，還是由于反共“牽的線”，因南希的名字被錯列到好萊塢左翼份子名單上，她去找時任電影工會主席的里根要求糾正，結果她的名字從那個名單刪除后，登上了他倆的結婚證書。
當上總統后，里根成為領導西方世界對抗蘇聯共產陣營的旗手。他堅信自由的價值和力量，清楚地認識到共產主義“巨大謊言的空洞性”。早在1981年，他就在巴黎聖母院演講道：共產主義“是人類歷史上痛苦、怪異的一章，現在正寫着的，是它的最后幾頁。”他堅信自由將最終“把馬克思的社會主義和蘇聯的共產主義掃進歷史的垃圾堆”。他當時被稱
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The good old watch phone. I’ve seen a few of these come and go in my lifetime but none of them have had the appeal that this one does. With touch interfaces becoming very mature and the integration of 3G, video calling, Bluetooth and voice recognition it seems like an actual competitor to other small phones, rather than just a novelty. Depending on the size it may or may not sell well, as I know many people who can’t stand giant watches on their wrists. Couple this with an INVISO G5 and you’re good to go with little more then a pocket full of gear.
EEEPC T91: Now while I’m not the biggest fan of the whole Netbook scene (Windows mobile guy myself, but that’s another story) this is actually quite a bit step forward and I must say, its got me very interested. Although there’s not much info on it, the bigger brother EEEPC T101H is probably the one I’d hang out for. Ever since these low cost laptops hit the market I always hoped that they’d eventually trickle down into a tablet so I’d have a use for them (taking notes in a conference anyone?) and it seems that ASUS has been listening to the market very closely. I’d expect to see these things appearing in all sorts of places, probably replacing many Windows Mobile and Palm devices that are currently being used.
Samsung MBP200 Pico Projector: Whilst it seems that every company under the sun has been releasing tiny projectors this is one of the newest to the scene and it actually works! Many of the other projectors have just been detailed in press releases and what not, but this one is actually on display at CES. Although they are lacking some of the more juicy details like price and release date it is still a cool bit of tech, and would go very nicely with an EEEPC or similar.
I’m going to be following CES pretty closely as it develops and I’ll be sure to pass on anything amazing onto everyone. It seems that this year we’ll be seeing a lot of miniaturization, green technologies and products targeting the low cost high volume market. I’m very interested to see what the next few days of CES will bring us.
If you had asked me just on a year ago what I thought about astronomy, space and exploration outside our atmosphere I would’ve replied that it was interesting and probably left it at that. But after spending a year looking into such exciting projects as Burt Rutan’s SpaceShipOne I started to believe that it might be possible, in our lifetimes, for those who wish to travel into space to do it without spending untold millions for the privaledge. I think it was at that time I realised that if I wanted to do something like that, I should start filling my head with the knowledge of space.
What really got me started was looking at pictures of the vast array of space projects that America, Russian and now the European Union paticipate in. It was in my travels across the internet that I stumbled onto The Big Picture by The Boston Globe. They have some of the most awe inspiring pictures I have ever seen, and I believe everyone should see them. Of course, I’ll also point you in the direction of some of my choice series which got me hooked on the site in the first place 😉
Enceladus: An amazing array of pictures centered around this amazing moon of Saturn. Picture 2 is a piece of art and the animated picture 9 shows just how incredible it is that we have pictures like this.
The ISS, Shuttle and Baikonur Cosmodrome: Something a little more close to home that really shows the human effort involved in getting into space and maintaining a presence there. My favourite is definitely the ISS, I can stare at pictures of that place for hours on end.
It is my hope that one day we will all have the chance to take pictures like this, and not just look at them.<|endoftext|>İspanya Başbakanı'ndan çok konuşulacak Katalonya açıklaması
İspanya Başbakanı Mariano Rajoy yaptığı açıklamada Katalon liderlerin görevden alınacağını ve ayrılıkçı bölgenin kontral altına alınacağını belirtti. Rajoy, ayrıca bölgede seçimlerin yapılmasının planlandığını da söyledi.
İspanya Başbakanı Mariona Rajoy, Olağanüstü Bakanlar Kurulu toplantısından sonra yaptığı açıklamada, Katalon liderlerin görevden alınacağını ve ayrılıkçı bölgenin kontral altına alınacağını belirtti. Başbakan Rajoy, bölge parlamentosunun kısa süreli lağvedilmesini durdurdu ancak bölgede seçimlerin yapılmasının planlandığını söyledi.
İspanya Başbakanı, hükümetin doğrudan yönetimi uygulamaktan başka seçeneğini olmadığını belirterek Katalon hükümetinin hareketlerinin hukuka aykırı olduğunu ve çatışmayı teşvik ettiğini söyledi.
Anayasasının 155. maddesi, Yarı Özerk Katalon Bölgesinde doğrudan yönetim uygulanmasını mümkün kılıyor.
Başbakan Rajov yaptığı basın toplantısında, bu maddenin uygulanmasını arzu etmediklerini, niyetlerinin bu maddeyi harekete geçirmek olmadığını ancak şartların bunu gerektirdiğini söyledi. Anayasanın 155. maddesinin uygulanması durumunda seçimlerin altı ay içinde yapılması öngörülüyor. Yakın zamanda mahalli seçimin yapılmasının kanuni bir zorunluluk olduğunu kaydedildi.
Öte yandan alının kararların İspanya Senatosu tarafından birkaç gün içinde onaylamasının beklendiği kaydedildi.
"Katalonya'yı yeni bir seçime zorlama kararı demokrasiye karşı bir saldırıdır"
Katalonya Parlamentosu Sözcüsü Carme Forcadell ise İspanya Başbakanı Mariano Rajoy'u hedef aldığı açıklamasında hükümetin Katalonya'yı ateşe sürüklediğini belirterek, "Katalonya'yı yeni bir seçime zorlama kararı, bir darbedir ve demokrasiye karşı bir saldırıdır" dedi.
Forcadell, "Başbakan Rajoy, Katalonya Parlamentosu'nun demokratik bir parlamento olmasını istemiyor ve bunu gerçekleştirmesine izin vermeyeceğiz. Bu nedenle bu ülkenin vatandaşlarına umut mesajı göndermek istiyoruz. Kurumlara yapılan en ciddi saldırının ardından Katalonya Parlamentosu'nun egemenliğini savunmak için çalışıyoruz" diye konuştu.<|endoftext|>The April 2017 issue of the Swedish-American Historical Quarterly has published a chapter from my recent book, Scandinavians in the State House: How Nordic Immigrants Shaped Minnesota Politics.
The chapter, “Radicals in exile,” is about some of the thousands of radical and blacklisted Swedes, who left their home country and settled in Minnesota, where they continued their political and union activities as members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and the socialist and communist parties of America, seeking to improve the lives of working men and women in their new home country.
It’s not a widely known story of the Swedish immigration to the United States, but it is an important part of how these Swedes and other Scandinavians became involved in and shaped U.S. and, particularly, Minnesota politics.
“Radicals in Exile”
by KLAS BERGMAN
“My grandfather never mellowed. He used to say to me, ‘to be radical is to get to the bottom of things.’ ” Brad Engdahl, a successful lawyer in Minneapolis, remembers with fondness his grandfather Walfrid Engdahl, who was twenty years old when he arrived in Minnesota in 1910 after being blacklisted and forced to leave Sweden following the General Strike of 1909. Born in Ellenö in western Sweden’s Dalsland province not far from the Norwegian border on March 5, 1890, Walfrid Engdahl was almost ninety when he died in Minneapolis on January 29, 1979.
Engdahl was among the Scandinavian immigrants who came to America in the second big migration wave after the turn of the twentieth century. They often came alone, looking for work and settling in America’s cities. Many of them, like Engdahl, had been active in the battles for political and union rights in their home countries and were forced to emigrate for political reasons. They were, in a sense, radicals in exile in America, in a country that, it would turn out, had little appetite for their brand of politics. Like so many other immigrants, Engdahl made his way in the new country by doing odd jobs, working the railroads all over the West and Canada and eventually becoming a carpenter. He was for almost sixty years active in the labor movement, both as an organizer and a writer. He joined mainstream politics in Minnesota and held several positions in the state government before retiring in 1955. He became a leading voice in Swedish American organizations and a prominent pen in the Swedish American press. He left a mark.
These radicals in exile, these political firebrands, came from all over Scandinavia. Their newspapers tell their stories: Norwegian Gaa Paa (Forward) in Minneapolis; Finnish Työmies (the Worker), Sosialisti, and Industrialisti on Minnesota’s Iron Range; and Swedish Forskaren (the Investigator) and Allarm in Minneapolis. There were also radical papers in English: New Times came out in Minneapolis between 1910 and 1918 and was closely allied with the Minnesota Socialist Party and socialist mayor Thomas Van Lear, and Truth, started by Scandinavian socialists and published in Duluth between 1917 and 1923, was militantly socialist and a strong supporter of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Two Harbors Socialist, published in the small North Shore town, was run for years by Swedish and Norwegian socialists.
The records of these radical Scandinavian immigrants are often limited. Some died unknown in the new country; some returned or were deported to Scandinavia, where they often continued their political and union activities. Some remained radical all their lives, while others joined the political mainstream and ran for political office as members of the Farmer-Labor Party or its successor, the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL). Walfrid Engdahl’s story is well documented and gives a good picture of the life of one of Minnesota’s many radical Swedish immigrants through his unpublished and unfinished memoir, “My Life,” and through lengthy interviews in English and Swedish for two oral history projects.
Walfrid Engdahl’s father was a skilled carpenter and cabinetmaker and also cultivated a small piece of land. His mother, a midwife, was an avid reader of religious books but could not write. Walfrid had five siblings, including his twin sister, Ellen, who, he writes in his memoir, was the perfect playmate. She died just four months before he finally made it back to Sweden in 1966 for the first visit since leaving for America fifty-six years earlier. “That is something I regret, very, very much,” he adds.
He left school at thirteen and landed a job as a bricklayer’s assistant at a local hospital construction project. It paid “good money,” six to eight Swedish crowns a day, about a dollar, most of which he gave to his parents so that his father could build a new home. The bricklayer Walfrid worked for was a man named Jonas Larsson, who had worked as a miner in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, and been active in the radical Western Federation of Miners. Larsson fled to Sweden after the union members were rounded up following the murder of Governor Frank Steunenberg in 1905. Larsson, Engdahl writes, was one of the finest men he had ever met. He once gave him the book Merrie England by Robert Blatchford, a British socialist and journalist: “From then on I dedicated my life to socialism and to the workers. To me, no cause could be more worthy of one’s dedication and efforts than to make the world a better place for all of us.”
At fifteen, Engdahl moved to Stockholm, where he became a member of Stockholms Norra, a social democratic youth club founded in 1892. By 1902, it had 130 members, many of whom would later find their way to America, where they continued their political and union activism. That same year, these young socialists participated vigorously in the big political strike for the right to vote, which Swedish men did not achieve until 1909 and Swedish women not until 1921.
Politics was often discussed at work. Henrik “Hinke” Bergegren and Hjalmar Branting were the two leading social democrats of the time. Branting’s speeches were “genuine” road maps for how the “working class would win its socialist society,” writes Engdahl. Meanwhile, Bergegren “wanted revolution in a bold, open way,” arguing that politics could never establish a socialist society and that only a general strike could destroy the capitalist system. He favored a more revolutionary approach over the parliamentary strategy pursued by Branting, who later became Sweden’s first Social Democratic prime minister. In 1908, Bergegren was expelled at the party congress.
The 1909 General Strike in Sweden was a turning point for Walfrid Engdahl and for thousands of other Swedish workers. The conflict was both a workers’ strike and a massive lockout by employers. It lasted for more than three months and involved a total of three hundred thousand workers. The conflict led to 11.8 million lost days of work and losses of 25 million Swedish crowns. “It changed my whole career,” writes Engdahl in “My Life.” Anyone who took part in the General Strike of 1909 was assumed to have radical ideas and was blacklisted. As an activist in the syndicalist movement in Sweden, Engdahl was blacklisted, and he went home to work for his father until, “I shall never forget that day, when my father told me that I had to leave Sweden because of my activities in the strike of 1909 and my involvement in the radical labor movement in general,” writes Engdahl. His father told him that the bank had refused him a loan for the construction of the community-owned poorhouse because Walfrid was on his payroll. He suggested that his son leave for America; he would lend him the money for the trip. “I did not have ‘America fever,’” Engdahl later said in his 1978 interview with Lennart Setterdahl. “I would have preferred to stay in Sweden. But there were no jobs.”
Engdahl left Sweden for America just as he turned twenty, arriving at Ellis Island in New York on April 1, 1910, one of thousands of blacklisted Swedish workers forced into exile during this period. Accord- ing to official statistics, Swedish emigration jumped to almost 22,000 people in 1909 from 12,499 the previous year. The numbers were particularly high during the last months of 1909, after the General Strike. In December that year, the number of people leaving Sweden was three times as high as in December 1907. In 1910, the numbers climbed even higher, reaching almost 28,000.
During the General Strike, a total of eight hundred young socialists were criminally charged and five hundred were handed sentences ranging from fines to prison terms for giving speeches, insulting the monarchy, or trying to organize. Workers were persecuted at their jobs; many were fired and evicted from their homes. An estimated twenty thousand Swedish workers left for North America because the employers’ blacklists made it impossible to find work. Once in America, many of these men continued to be active in politics and in the unions. They often joined organizations and clubs most similar to the ones they had left behind. The social democrats went to the Scandinavian Socialist Labor Federa- tion, part of the Socialist Party, and to the identically named Scandina- vian Socialist Labor Federation, a wing of the Socialist Labor Party. The young socialists and the syndicalists formed a Scandinavian section of the syndicalist/anarchist Industrial Workers of the World in the United States. The anarchists also gathered around a Chicago monthly called Revolt. Many joined temperance groups, such as Verdandi. Temperance was an important part of their identity, as it was for Engdahl—a lifelong temperance man.
The period following the 1909 General Strike was not the first time Swedish workers left for America after a labor conflict, although never before in such large numbers. In fact, these were years of extraordinary labor unrest, with some three thousand labor conflicts from 1879 to 1909. The Sundsvall strike of 1879 was the first big strike among industrial workers in Sweden. It was followed by the Norberg strike of 1891–92, and the Ljusne conflict in 1905–06. All of them ended in defeats for the workers, and all of them triggered a dramatic increase in emigration to the United States. In the Sundsvall strike around five thousand workers from twenty sawmills participated. The strike was broken up by the military, and work resumed under conditions set by the employers. Isidor Kjellberg, editor of the daily Östgöten, wrote after a visit to the Sundsvall area: “If any plan for the future can be called common there, it is that of leaving, the sooner the better, the present home for America, where many fellow workers—some say 2,000 counting wives and children— have already moved after the breaking of the strike. America is the thought for the day and the dream of the night.” The Stockholm daily Dagens Nyheter wrote: “It is terribly sad for the stranger to come into contact with a whole population that has given up all hope and only wants to leave the country. All thoughts are concentrated on America and how they are to find the means to travel there.”
Emigration numbers from the Sundsvall area during these years confirm that story. While six people emigrated in 1876 and only two in 1878, 264 people left for America in the strike year 1879, followed by 286, 330, 251, and 110 over the next four years. The events of 1879 “tended to destroy the hope of reaching a better position in the near future and induced them [workers] to carry out their plans to emigrate,” and because of disappointment and frustration that better working and living conditions could not be attained, “the labor disputes in Sweden had a direct bearing on emigration to America.” Swedish historian Fred Nilson writes that to emigrate became a choice between eating in America or starving in Sweden: “Emigration became for many in the working class an emergency solution to acute difficulties to survive that often resulted from the employers’ blacklisting.”
The Norberg strike of 1891–92 was actually three strikes in quick succession, with the last as the biggest, involving eight hundred to nine hundred iron mine workers. It lasted almost six months and hinged on demands from the workers for the right to participate in wage negotia- tions. The union was crushed and lay dormant for fifteen years, and none of the strike leaders could get a job afterward. In 1892, eighty people left for America and another forty-two in the first half of 1893. Several of the strike and union leaders were among those who left. In the Ljusne conflict of 1905–06, all political and union activities were prohibited and the right to organize was the core issue. Eventually, in 1906, out of a total labor force of twelve hundred, 105 people left for America, including forty
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قرار می گیرد و اگر خود ساخته و دارای سلامت نفسانی نباشد و از پس مشکلات نتواند بر آید همچنین توانمندی های لازم را نداشته باشد، نمی تواند الگویی مناسب برای دانش آموزان باشد.
این کارشناس آموزشی تصریح کرد: اگر با یک فراخوان و برگزار کردن یک دوره ضمن خدمت نیروی انسانی معلم را استخدام آموزش و پرورش کنیم به دانش آموز و فرهنگ جامعه لطمه وارد می شود.
وی تاکید کرد: در سال های اخیر استخدام از طریق آزمون و فراخوان اتفاق افتاد، برخی از افرادی که توانمندی های حرفه ای و اخلاقی لازم را نداشته اند جذب شدند بنابراین شاهد برخی نابسامانی ها در مدیران و معلمان مدارس هستیم که واجد شرایط هستند اما استخدام شده اند. البته منظور این نیست که همه استخدامی های آموزش و پرورش واجد شرایط هستند اما به دلیل اینکه شغل معلمی ظریف و حساس است، اتفاق های ناگوار کمی هم اگر روی دهد، یک ضایعه به حساب می آید.
احمدی تصریح کرد: این دسته از اقدامات در آموزش و پرورش نشان از این مسئله دارد که عنصر شایستگی در جذب نیروی انسانی کمرنگ بوده وکمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است.
وی تاکید کرد:استخدام و جذب نیروی انسانی آموزش و پرورش باید از طریق دانشگاه فرهنگیان صورت گیرد، چراکه افراد شبانه روزی و به مدت ۴ سال با تمام زیر و بم تعلیم و تربیت و مشکلات آن آشنا می شوند. دانشجو - معلمان با یکدیگر در دانشگاه رفت و آمد و تعا مل دارند بنابراین با خلق و خوی معلمان دیگر آشنا می شوند.
احمدی بیان کرد: افرادی که وارد مراکز تربیت معلم می شوند به دلیل علاقه ای که به این رشته داشته اند، انتخاب کرده اند و با عشق شغل معلمی را ادامه می دهند اما افراد را هنگامی با یک فراخوان یا آزمون استخدام کنیم، شاید فرد از روی اجبار و بیکاری به شغل معلمی روی آورده است و صلاحیت های اخلاقی و رفتاری نادیده گرفته می شود و صرفا از طریق آزمون ارزیابی می شوند.
این کارشناس آموزشی یاد آور شد: مطمئنا فرق میان فردی که با علاقه این رشته را انتخاب کرده است و در نهایت می داند معلم می شود با فردی که از طریق فراخوان استخدام می شود بسیار است، چراکه اگر فردی از روی اجبار استخدام شده باشد در هنگام تدریس هم دچار مشکل می شود و به دنبال آن به جامعه هم لطمه می زند.
کسانی که تقلب می کنند با این ذهنیت که فقط نتیجه رفتارشان قابل اهمیت است،
به چنین کاری دست میزنند. این رفتارها در دوران نوجوانی بیشتر مشاده میشود.
فصل امتحانات است. استرس امتحان با نامش میآید.
انگار سختترین ماراتون زندگی را میخواهند بگذارند.
امتحان مانند مسابقه دو میدانی می ماند که هر کسی سرعتش بیشتر باشد از بقیه رقیبان جلوتر میافتد و برنده است، امتحان نیز همین گونه است اگر بیشتر درس بخوانند و دقت بیشتری کنند موفق تر خواهند شد.
چه درس خوان باشی و چه نباشی استرس تمام وجودت را در برمیگیرد. اما امتحان از نظر دانش آموزان و دانشجو یک غول است، غول بی شاخ و دمی که وقتی اسمش میآید تمام تنت به لرزه میافتد .
*هر چه میخوانم در مخم نمی رود!
یک درس آسان و دیگری سخت است. مداد و خودکار و برگه امتحانی، تصورش هم وحشتاک است.
آری دیگر وقتش رسیده، آماده ای یا نه؟
9 ماه درس و کلاس و استاد و رفت و آمد گرما و سرما، خوشگذرانی و بگو و بخند دیگر تمام شده، وقت امتحان رسیده، نترس،اگر درس نخوانده ای ،لای کتابت را باز نکردهای دوستانت هستند که کمکت کنند.
اصلا نگران نباش این کاغذهای ریز شده به دادت خواهند رسید و یا امروز که فناوریهای جدید بوجود آمده میتوانی از آنها هم کمک بگیری!!
بالاخره راههای زیادی است برای اینکه نمره ات را بگیری...
به این نمیگویند تقلب میگویند کمک گرفتن از دوست و کاغذهای نوشته شده که بخواهی مطالبش را در برگه امتحانی بیاوری.
همه اینها میتواند برایت بهترین نمره را در بیاورند!
حال فکرش را بکنید که دارید از اینها استفاده میکنید و در حال نوشتن هستید که به یکباره یک نفر بالای سرتان ظاهر میشود و همه زحمت هایتان به باد میرود.
تقلب کردن و یا تقلب رساندن خودش یک هنر است که از دست هر کسی بر نمیآید پس باید به خودت افتخار کنی!!
*عذاب وجدان هم میگیرند...!
بعضی اشخاص بعد از تقلب کردن عذاب وجدان میگیرند.
همسالانشان میگویند: دیگر تقلب کرده ای، کار از کار گذشته اسـت، یا باید انجام نمی دادی و حالا که انجام داده ای عذاب وجدان دیگر معنایی ندارد.
تقلب از نظر خود شخص نداشتن اعتماد به نفس و از دید معلمها و استادها داشتن اعتماد بهنفس کاذب است.
برای اینگونه شخصیت ها تقلب کردن یک نوع ارزش است.
نداشتن اعتماد به نفس به نوعی است که شخص تصور میکند اگر آن نمره را نگیرد و یا نمرهاش کم شود ممکن است مورد تمسخر و یا پایین آمدن رتبه و مقامش بین همسالانش شود به این دلیل شاید به این کار دست بزند و از نظر او نوشتههایش شاید اشتباه و یا کم و کاستی داشته باشد و آن چیزی که نوسته است صحیح و درست باشد ولی مطمئن نیست به همین دلیل نگاهی به برگه دوستش می اندازد که این خود دلیلی برای نداشتن اعتماد به نفس است.
بعد از آزمونش با رضایت کامل از محل آزمون خارج می شود ولی این آغاز یک ناهنجاری اجتماعی است که تاثیرش حتما در زندگی آینده خود و جامعه اش مشاهده خواهد شد.
دکتر ابراهیمی مقدم روانشناس در این رابطه میگوید:
افراد در بستر جامعه فکر و فعالیت میکنند و رفتارشان را براساس آن تنظیم میکنند.کسانی که تقلب میکنند با این ذهنیت که فقط نتیجه رفتارشان قابل اهمیت است دست به چنین کاری میزنند . این رفتارها در دوران نوجوانی بیشتر است، برای این که فرد خود را آدمی زرنگ فرض میکند و از دید گروه همسالان خود این رفتار بد نیست و مورد تشویق هم قرار میگیرد.این اشخاص دارای وجدان شخصی پایینتری هستند که به راحتی تن به این کار میدهند.زمانی که احساس کنند تفاوتی بین خود و کسی که تلاش کرده است وجود دارد به راهکارهایی دست میزنند که راحتتر است.
تقلب رفتاری بسیار ناپسند است که در سنجش و ارزشیابی تحصیلی به صورت کاذب تاثیر می گذارد.
این امر که در تمام دنیا مشاهده می شود، به نوع تربیت و پرورش فرد بستگی زیادی دارد.
رونویسی کردن از دیگری باعث میشود که او در زندگی هم تقلب کند.تقلب به نوعی بازتاب نوع تربیت خانوادگی است و رفتار یادگرفته شده از فضای خانواده باعث نهادینه شدن آن در فرزندان میشود.
در این میان نقش معلم و استاد ، در کاهش بروز تقلب از سوی دانشآموزان و دانشجویان به شدت پر رنگ است.
ادامه درخشش ستارگان مجتمع در آسمان مدیریت.............................
دانش آموز عزیز مجتمع
زهرا رفیعی
موفق شد در مسابقات ادبی و هنری وِیژه مبعث پیامبر اکرم(ص)
در بخش نقاشی
به عنوان برگزیده انتخاب شود
و باعث افتخار مجتمع و اولیاء محترم خود شود.
کسب این افتخار را به خود این دانش آموز و خانواده محترم و تمامی همکاران تبریک می گویم.<|endoftext|>گزارش دكتر ایزی؛
بررسی پرونده تفویض صدور پروانه ساخت تجهیزات پزشكی
به گزارش دکتر ایزی مبحث تفویض صدور پروانه ساخت تجهیزات پزشکی به دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی، با این سوال همراه می باشد که آیا مدیران وزارت بهداشت در بحث نظارت بر تجهیزات پزشکی، اهمال کرده اند.
به گزارش دکتر ایزی به نقل از مهر، مبحث تفویض صدور پروانه ساخت تجهیزات پزشکی به دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی، جزو پرمناقشه ترین موضوع هایی است که در سالهای اخیر در حوزه تجهیزات پزشکی رخ داده است، چون که برخی آنرا در امتداد تمرکز زدایی دانسته و باعث سبک شدن حجم فعالیت ها در ستاد مرکزی ارزیابی کرده و برخی دیگر از کارشناسان از همان روزهای اول، اجرای آنرا مخدوش کننده وظایف وزارت بهداشت ارزیابی کرده و آثار و تبعات آنرا غیر قابل جبران پیشبینی می کردند.
مهم ترین استدلال مخالفین بحث تفویض آن است که به سبب عدم وجود زیرساخت های لازم نظیر عدم وجود کارشناس با تخصص های مورد نیاز در دانشگاه ها و بلاتکلیفی در ساختار تجهیزات پزشکی دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی و همینطور اجرای شتابزده در واگذاری اختیارات، یکی از مهم ترین وظایف وزارت بهداشت را گرفتار مخاطره جدی شده و سلامت آحاد مردم بویژه بیمارانی که از این تجهیزات استفاده می نمایند را به خطر می اندازد. حتی برخی کارشناسان، آنرا از مصادیق ترک فعل دانسته و مبحث را متوجه قوه قضائیه و دادستانی ارزیابی کرده اند و به این شکل از لزوم تعیین مجازات و محرومیت از شغل دولتی برای تصمیم گیرندگان بحث تفویض تاکید کرده اند.
سئوال پژوهش
در یک پژوهش تلاش گردید نحوه عملکرد ادارات تجهیزات پزشکی دانشگاه ها و نحوه تفویض اختیارات صدور پروانه ساخت تجهیزات پزشکی با کلاس خطر بالا (B) که در سال ۱۳۹۸ به دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی واگذار شده است مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد. بر این اساس سوالات پژوهشی از مدیران و کارشناسان تجهیزات پزشکی شاغل به کار در دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی سراسر کشور پرسیده شد.
۱- آیا ساختار استانی اداره تجهیزات پزشکی در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی می تواند پاسخگوی نیاز تخصصی و علمی برای مواجهه با درخواست های تولیدکنندگان و فعالان حوزه تجهیزات پزشکی باشد؟
۲- آیا در بحث تفویض صدور پروانه ساخت تجهیزات پزشکی از اداره کل تجهیزات پزشکی به دانشگاه، زیرساخت های مورد نیاز جهت انجام این مأموریت به وجود آمده است یا این که به سبب فراهم نبودن امکانات، انجام این مأموریت جدید در دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی، یک خطای راهبردی و ناشی از سوءمدیریت بوده است؟
روش پژوهش
برای انجام این پژوهش از مسؤلان تجهیزات پزشکی ۱۰ دانشگاه علوم پزشکی از ۳۱ استان کشور مصاحبه هایی در چارچوب یک پرسشنامه به عمل آمده و پاسخ آنها در رده بندی و تحلیل داده ها استفاده شده تا بررسی شود که آیا وزارت بهداشت در این امر به درستی و با موفقیت عمل کرده است یا خیر.
مبانی نظری
۱- اغلب دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی بین ۴ تا ۷ نفر نیرو دارند که یکی از آنها مدیر اداره تجهیزات بوده و بقیه بعنوان کارشناس طرحی (موقت) و به طور عمده با تحصیلات کارشناس بیوالکتریک فعالیت دارند.
۲- عمده این اداره تجهیزات پزشکی وظایفی تعریف کرده اند به بعضی از آنها اشاره می شود.
- نظارت مستمر بر تولید کنندگان و توزیع کنندگان ملزومات پزشکی در سطح استان در جهت اطمینان از کیفیت و اجرای ضوابط وزارت بهداشت
- خرید تجهیزات پزشکی برای بیمارستان ها و مراکز درمانی بر مبنای نظام سطح بندی مراکز تابعه
- نظارت مستمر بر تأمین و توزیع وسایل و تجهیزات پزشکی مصرفی و غیرمصرفی مورد نیاز مراکز درمانی تابعه شامل تولیدداخل و وارداتی
- نظارت مستمر بر تولید کنندگان و توزیع کنندگان ملزومات پزشکی در سطح استان در جهت کیفیت و اجرای مصوبات وزارت متبوع
- انجام امور ترخیص دستگاههای خریداری شده توسط دانشگاه از گمرک (انبار اصلی) حواله ای متمرکز
- هماهنگی جهت رفع نقص فنی تجهیزات بیمارستان ها و شهرستان های تابعه
موارد ذکر شده تنها بخشی از مفاد وظایف عرضه شده در اداره تجهیزات پزشکی دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی است. که البته به سبب عدم ارتباط مستقیم با سوالات پژوهش در سوالات پرسشنامه منظور و ارزیابی نگردیده است تا بتوان داده هایی را از عملکرد ادارات تجهیزات پزشکی دانشگاه ها بدست آورد، اما ناگفته پیداست که وظایف مذکور با ساختار و نیروی انسانی موجود همخوانی ندارد.
بررسی سوال ۱
وضعیت علمی و توانایی فنی کارشناسان اداره های تجهیزات پزشکی دانشگاه ها به نسبت مسئولیتی که در مورد تفویض ارزیابی تجهیزات پزشکی تولید داخل با درجه خطر بالا برعهده دارند، چگونه است.
بررسی اجمالی پاسخ های عرضه شده به سوال ۱ نشان میدهد وضعیت علمی و فنی کارشناسان تجهیزات پزشکی در دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی کشور ضعیف است. ارزیابی شرکت کنندگان این است که کارشناسانی که امور فنی این مساله را برعهده دارند از تخصص و تجربه لازم برخوردار نیستند.
بررسی سوال ۲
جایگاه سازمانی ادارات تجهیزات پزشکی در دانشگاه شما به صورتی است؟
بررسی اجمالی سوال ۲ پرسش نامه نشان میدهد که در ۴۰ درصد جامعه آماری شرکت کننده در این پژوهش، ساختار تجهیزات پزشکی در دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی به صورت یک اداره آن هم در ذیل معاونت های مختلف همچون معاونت های درمان، غذا و دارو و توسعه مدیریت ومنابع قرار دارد و ۶۰ درصد از پاسخ دهندگان در دانشگاه های مختلف در چارچوب یک گروه کارشناسی امورات در ارتباط با تجهیزات پزشکی را مدیریت می نمایند.
بررسی سوال ۳
نظرات کارشناسی تا چه میزان در تصمیم گیری های دانشگاه اثرگذار است؟
بررسی اجمالی سوال ۳ پرسشنامه نشان میدهد تنها ۳۰ درصد شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش نظرات خویش را در تصمیم گیری های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی پیرامون تجهیزات پزشکی موثر می دانند. به عبارت دیگر تصمیمات حوزه تجهیزات پزشکی در خارج از حیطه کارشناسی آن در دانشگاه ها اتخاذ می گردد.
بررسی سوال ۴
اهم کارهای اداره تجهیزات در دانشگاه چه وظایفی است؟
الف- نظارت و ارزیابی POST MARKETتجهیزات پزشکی تولیدی
ب- صدور پروانه ساخت برای تجهیزات پزشکی تولیدی
ج- هر دو مورد
بررسی اجمالی سوال ۴ پرسشنامه نشان میدهد که ۷۰ درصد از افراد دخیل در این پژوهش وظیفه دفتر تجهیزات پزشکی در دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی را صدور مجوز برای تولید و همینطور نظارت بر واردات کالای پزشکی می دانند.
بررسی سوال ۵
تا چه میزان مأموریت های ذکر شده با تعداد نیروی انسانی موجود همخوانی دارد؟
بررسی اجمالی سوال ۵ پرسش نامه نشان میدهد ۵۰ درصد از شرکت کنندگان رابطه بین وظایف تعریف شده و تعداد کارکنان این بخش را ضعیف ارزیابی کرده اند و ۳۰ درصد هم این ارتباط را متوسط می دانند. بعبارت دیگر تنها ۲۰ درصد از افراد، تعداد نیروی انسانی را مناسب وظایف محول شده دانسته اند.
بررسی سوال ۶
نوع استخدام کارشناسان تجهیزات پزشکی چگونه است؟
بررسی اجمالی سوال ۶ پرسش نامه نشان میدهد که ۸۰ درصد کارشناسان تجهیزات پزشکی در دانشگاه ها به صورت موقتی ( طرح نیروی انسانی) وظیفه خطیر ارزیابی کیفی و صدور پروانه ساخت تجهیزات پزشکی با کلاس خطر بالا (B) را برعهده دارند. قابل ذکر است که برابر قانون تنها دانش آموختگان مقطع کارشناسی با مدرک بیوالکتریک مشمول عقد قرارداد نیروی طرحی می باشند. به عبارت دیگر تفویض صدور پروانه ساخت تجهیزات پزشکی تولید داخل به کارشناسانی واگذار شده که در خیلی از موارد توان علمی لازم در ارزیابی کیفی این تجهیزات را ندارند.
بررسی سوال ۷
ساختار و ظرفیت ادارات تجهیزات پزشکی تا چه اندازه توانایی قبول و اجرای مسئولیت نظارت بر بیمارستان ها را دارد؟
بررسی اجمالی سوال ۷ پرسش نامه نشان میدهد تنها ۲۰ درصد شرکت کنندگان معتقدند ساختار اداره تجهیزات پزشکی به خوبی می تواند بر بیمارستان ها و تجهیزات آن نظارت کند. ۸۰ درصد هم آنرا ضعیف و متوسط ارزیابی کرده اند.
بررسی سوال ۸
پس از واگذاری و تفویض صدور پروانه ساخت تجهیزات پزشکی تولید داخل تا چه اندازه آموزش های لازم به کارشناسان داده شده و این آموزش ها کفایت می کند؟
نمودار ۸: درصد طبقات پاسخ ها در سوال ۸
بررسی اجمالی سوال ۸ پرسش نامه نشان میدهد ۹۰ درصد شرکت کنندگان معتقدند آموزش های لازم انجام نشده و یا کافی نیست و تنها ۱۰ درصد هم براین باورند که آموزش ها کفایت لازم را داشته است. به عبارت دیگر در واگذاری مسولیت ارزیابی کیفی تجهیزات پزشکی تولید داخل آن هم با کلاس خطر بالا، حتی آموزش های لازم به کارشناسان دانشگاه ها در حد کفایت داده نشده و توانایی آنها در انجام این امر مهم مورد ارزیابی قرار نگرفته است و تنها به برگزاری چند کلاس مجازی اکتفا گردیده است.
بررسی سوال ۹
ادارات تجهیزات پزشکی تا چه اندازه به وظایف نظارتی خود در حوزه تجهیزات پزشکی عمل می کنند؟
بررسی اجمالی سوال ۹ پرسش نامه نشان میدهد تنها ۱۰ درصد شرکت کنندگان معتقدند تجهیزات پزشکی در دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی کشور به درستی به وظایف نظارتی خود عمل می کنند. این در حالیست که ۹۰ شرکت کنندگان امتیاز کامل را به این انجام وظایف نمی دهند و معتقدند این ادارات نتوانسته اند به درستی به وظایف نظارتی خود عمل کنند.
بررسی سوال ۱۰
مهم ترین مشکلات ادارات تجهیزات پزشکی در دانشگاه ها کدام است؟
با توجه به تشریحی بودن این سوال اهم پاسخ ها به این شرح است.
-نیروی انسانی: کمبود نیروی انسانی / عدم آموزش کافی / عدم ثبات نیروی انسانی
- چارت سازمانی: نامشخص، پراکنده و غیراستاندارد و فاقد جایگاه سازمانی قدرتمند و نافذ
- زیرساخت: حجم و تنوع فعالیت ها بسیار بالاست / عدم همخوانی نرم افزارها / عدم عرضه حق فنی به کارشناسان
نتیجه گیری اجمالی
- اولاً فقدان نیروی انسانی متخصص با تخصص های در رابطه با حیط فعالیت و همینطور عدم آموزش کافی به کارکنان ادارات تجهیزات پزشکی دانشگاه ها در چگونگی و نحوه ارزیابی کیفی تجهیزات پزشکی
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issimo centro energetico trampolino di lancio (springboard energy center). Così lo studente può scoprire molte altre componenti di quello che può sembrare essere amore onnicomprensivo. Ognuna di queste componenti può essere bilanciata e accettata come parte del sé e come materiale di transizione poiché la sede di apprendimento/insegnamento dell’entità si sposta sempre più equamente nel raggio verde.
Quando si percepisce che l’amore universale è stato raggiunto, il successivo bilanciamento può essere o meno la saggezza. Se l’adepto sta equilibrando le manifestazioni, è davvero appropriato bilanciare l’amore e la saggezza universali. Se il bilanciamento è della mente o dello spirito, ci sono molte sottigliezze alle quali l’adepto può prestare accurata considerazione. L’amore e la saggezza, come l’amore e la luce, non sono bianchi e neri, diciamo, ma facce della stessa moneta, se vuoi. Pertanto, non è in tutti i casi che il bilanciamento consista in un movimento dalla compassione alla saggezza.
Possiamo suggerire in ogni momento la rimembranza costante della densità da dove ogni adepto desidera spostarsi. Questa densità impara le lezioni dell’amore. Nel caso di Erranti ci sono semi-dimenticate sovrapposizioni di altre lezioni e altre densità. Lasceremo queste considerazioni all’interrogante e inviteremo le osservazioni alle quali saremo poi molto felici di rispondere in ciò che può sembrare un modo più efficace.
85.17 Interrogante: Quali cambiamenti nelle funzioni, o controllo, o comprensione, ecc., della mente/corpo/spirito sono stati più efficaci nel produrre l’evoluzione desiderata a causa del processo di velatura?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Abbiamo difficoltà a mantenere un canale chiaro attraverso questo strumento. Ha un margine sicuro di energia trasferita ma sta sperimentando vampate di dolore. Possiamo chiederti di ripetere la domanda poiché ora abbiamo un canale migliore.
85.18 Interrogante: Dopo il processo di velatura, certe funzioni o attività velate devono essere state fondamentali nel creare l’evoluzione nelle direzioni di polarizzazioni desiderate. Mi stavo solo chiedendo quale di questi ha avuto il maggiore effetto sulla polarizzazione?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Il velo più efficace era quello della mente.
85.19 Intervistatore: Vorrei continuare con questo per scoprire quali funzioni specifiche della mente erano più valide e quali tre o quattro cambiamenti più efficaci hanno portato a creare la polarizzazione.
Ra: Io sono Ra. Questa è una domanda interessante. Il velo primario era di tale importanza che può essere visto come analogo al mantello della Terra per tutti i gioielli all’interno della crosta terrestre; mentre in precedenza tutte le sfaccettature del Creatore erano consciamente conosciute. Dopo la velatura, la mente non conosceva pressoché nessuna sfaccettatura del Creatore. Quasi tutto era sepolto sotto il velo.
Se si tentasse di elencare quelle funzioni della mente più significative in quanto potrebbero essere di aiuto nella polarizzazione, sarebbe necessario iniziare con la facoltà di visualizzare (il futuro), prevedere o vedere lontano. Senza il velo la mente non era intrappolata nel tuo tempo illusorio. Con il velo lo spazio/tempo è l’unica ovvia possibilità di esperienza.
Inoltre sulla lista delle significative funzioni velate della mente ci sarebbe quella del sognare. Il cosiddetto sognare contiene una grande quantità (a great deal) che, se messa a disposizione della mente cosciente e utilizzata, la aiuteranno in larga misura nella polarizzazione.
La terza funzione della mente che è significativa e che è stata velata è quella della conoscenza del corpo. La conoscenza e il controllo del corpo, essendo stati persi in gran parte nel processo di velatura, vengono così persi per l’esperienza del ricercatore. La sua conoscenza prima della velatura è di scarsa utilità. La sua conoscenza dopo la velatura, di fronte a quella che ora è una densa illusione di separazione del complesso corporeo da quello mentale, è piuttosto significativa.
Forse la funzione più importante e significativa che si è verificata a causa della velatura della mente da se stessa, non è essa stessa una funzione della mente, ma piuttosto è un prodotto del potenziale creato da questo velo. Questa è la facoltà di Volontà o puro desiderio.
Potremmo chiedere brevi domande in questo momento. Sebbene ci sia energia rimanente per questo lavoro, siamo riluttanti a continuare questo contatto, sperimentando continue variazioni dovute a fiammate di dolore, come chiamate questa distorsione. Sebbene non siamo a conoscenza di alcun materiale equivoco, siamo consapevoli che ci sono stati diversi punti durante i quali il nostro canale è stato meno che ottimale. Questo strumento è molto fedele, ma non vogliamo abusare di questo strumento. Si prega di interrogare come si vuole.
85.20 Interrogante: Bene, in chiusura chiederò: una porzione o entità individualizzata di Ra occupa il corpo dello strumento ai fini della comunicazione? E poi, c’è qualcosa che possiamo fare per migliorare il contatto o rendere lo strumento più confortevole?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Noi di Ra comunichiamo attraverso un canale a banda stretta attraverso il centro energetico del raggio viola. Non siamo, come direste, fisicamente insediati in questo strumento; piuttosto, il complesso mente/corpo/spirito di questo strumento rimane con noi.
Sei diligente e coscienzioso. Gli allineamenti sono ottimi. Vi lasciamo gioire per il potere e la pace dell’Uno Infinito Creatore. Andate avanti, amici miei, rallegrandovi del potere e della pace dell’amore infinito e della luce ineffabile dell’Uno Creatore. Sono Ra. Adonai.
SESSIONE 86
4 maggio 1982
86.0 Ra: io sono Ra. Vi saluto nell’amore e nella luce dell’Uno Infinito Creatore. Comunichiamo adesso.
86.1 Interrogante: Potresti prima indicarmi le condizioni dello strumento?
Ra: Io sono Ra. La distorsione dello strumento verso il deficit del complesso energetico fisico è leggermente aumentata dall’ultima richiesta. I livelli di energia vitale hanno ricevuto prelievi significativi e sono anche questi un po ‘inferiori di quelli dell’ultima richiesta.
86.2 Interrogante: qual era la natura di questi prelievi significativi all’energia vitale?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Ci sono quelle entità che nutrono la distorsione del pensiero nei confronti di questa entità per far si che debba rimuovere per gli altri-sé, tutte le “distorsioni per l’altro-sé”. Questa entità è stata recentemente in stretto contatto con un numero maggiore del normale di entità con queste distorsioni del complesso pensiero. Questa entità è nella distorsione per fornire qualunque servizio sia possibile e non è consciamente consapevole delle incursioni fatte sulle energie vitali.
86.3 Interrogante: Ho ragione nel presumere che tu stia parlando di entità di terza densità incarnate che stavano creando la condizione per l’utilizzo dell’energia vitale?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Sì.
86.4 Interrogante: qual è la situazione attuale con il nostro visitatore polarizzato al servizio al sé di quinta densità?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Il periodo che potreste chiamare crisi rimane.
86.5 Interrogante: puoi dirmi qualcosa sulla natura di questa crisi?
Ra: Io sono Ra. La polarità del tuo visitatore si sta avvicinando al punto critico in cui l’entità sceglierà di ritirarsi per il momento e lasciare qualsiasi saluto (contatto negativamente orientato) ai suoi servitori di quarta densità o perdere la polarità. L’unico altro potenziale è che in qualche modo questo gruppo potrebbe perdere polarità, nel qual caso il vostro visitatore potrebbe continuare la sua forma di saluto.
86.6 Intervistatore: Nell’ultima seduta hai menzionato le proprietà che precipitano a causa della velatura della mente; il primo è visionare, immaginare o vedere lontano. Spiegheresti il significato di questo?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Il tuo linguaggio non è eccessivamente disseminato di termini non emotivi per le qualità funzionali di quella che ora viene chiamata la Mente Inconscia. La natura della mente è qualcosa su cui ti abbiamo chiesto di riflettere. Tuttavia, è, diciamo, abbastanza chiaro per l’osservatore occasionale che possiamo condividere alcuni pensieri con te senza violare le tue libere esperienze di apprendimento/insegnamento.
La natura dell’inconscio è della natura del concetto piuttosto che della parola. Di conseguenza, prima della velatura, l’uso della mente più profonda era quello dell’uso di concetti non espressi (unspoken). Puoi considerare gli aspetti emotivi e connotativi di una melodia. Si potrebbero richiamare, in qualche maniera stilizzata, i termini per le note della melodia. Si potrebbe dire: “una nota di un quarto A, una nota di un quarto A, una nota di un quarto A, una nota intera F” Questo somiglia poco all’inizio della melodia di una delle melodie più influenti dei vostri compositori, quella che vi è nota come un simbolo di vittoria.
Questa è la natura della mente più profonda. Esistono solo metodi stilizzati con cui discutere le sue funzioni. Così le nostre descrizioni di questa parte della mente, così come delle stesse parti di corpo e di spirito, fornirono termini come “vedere lontano” (“far-seeing”), indicando che la natura della penetrazione della porzione velata della mente si può paragonare ad un viaggio troppo ricco ed esotico per contemplarne un’adeguata descrizione di questo.
86.7 Interrogante: Hai affermato che il sognare, se reso disponibile alla mente cosciente, aiuterà notevolmente nella polarizzazione. Definiresti il sognare o ci diresti cos’è e come aiuta la polarizzazione?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Il sognare è un’attività di comunicazione attraverso il velo della mente inconscia e della mente cosciente. La natura di questa attività dipende interamente dalla situazione riguardante i blocchi, le attivazioni e le cristallizzazioni dei centri energetici di un dato complesso mente/corpo/spirito.
In un (complesso mente/corpo/spirito) che è bloccato in due dei tre centri energetici inferiori, il sognare sarà di valore nel processo di polarizzazione in quanto ci sarà una ripetizione di quelle parti del catalizzatore recente così come dei blocchi più profondi, dando così alla mente in stato di veglia indizi sulla natura di questi blocchi e suggerimenti su possibili cambiamenti nella percezione che possono portare allo sblocco.
Questo tipo di sogno o comunicazione attraverso le parti velate della mente si verifica anche con quei complessi mente/corpo/spirito che funzionano con molti meno blocchi e godono dell’attivazione del raggio verde o di un’attivazione superiore in quei momenti in cui Il complesso mente/corpo/spirito sperimenta il catalizzatore, che momentaneamente blocca di nuovo o devia o distorce in altro modo, il flusso dell’influsso di energia. Pertanto, in tutti i casi è utile a un complesso mente/corpo/spirito riflettere sul contenuto e la risonanza emotiva dei sogni.
Per coloro i cui centri energetici del raggio verde sono stati attivati, nonché per coloro i cui ai centri energetici del raggio verde viene offerto uno sblocco insolito a causa di un catalizzatore estremo, come quello che viene definito la morte fisica di sé o di qualcuno che ci è caro che si verifica in quello che potresti chiamare il tuo prossimo futuro, il sognare assume un’altra attività. Questa è ciò che può essere vagamente definita precognizione o una conoscenza che è precedente a quello che accadrà nella manifestazione fisica nel vostro spazio/tempo di terza densità del raggio giallo. Questa proprietà della mente dipende dalla sua collocazione, in larga misura, nel tempo/spazio in modo che i termini di presente, futuro e passato non abbiano alcun significato. Questo, se utilizzato in modo appropriato dalla mente/corpo/spirito *, consentirà a questa entità di entrare più pienamente nell’amore compassionevole di ognuno e di ogni circostanza, comprese quelle circostanze in cui un’entità può avere una forte distorsione verso quella che potete chiamare infelicità.
Quando una mente/corpo/spirito * sceglie consapevolmente il percorso dell’adepto e, con ogni centro energetico bilanciato al minimo grado, inizia ad aprire il centro energetico del raggio indaco, il cosiddetto sognare diventa lo strumento più efficiente per la polarizzazione, poiché, se è noto all’adepto che il lavoro può essere fatto nella coscienza mentre la cosiddetta mente cosciente riposa, questo adepto può invocare coloro che lo guidano, quelle presenze che lo circondano e, soprattutto, la personalità magica che è il sé superiore nello spazio/tempo analogo quando si sposta nella modalità dormiente della coscienza. Con queste affermazioni vogliamo porre alla vostra attenzione che, l’attività del sogno raggiunge quel potenziale di apprendimento/insegnamento che è molto utile per aumentare le distorsioni dell’adepto verso la sua polarità scelta.
Ci sono altre possibilità del sogno non così strettamente allineate con l’aumento della polarità che non prendiamo in considerazione in questo particolare spazio/tempo.
* Dovrebbe essere “complesso mente/corpo/spirito”. Ra e Don hanno corretto l’errore nella sessione 87.
86.8 Interrogante: come viene progettato o programmato il sogno? Questo viene fatto dal sé superiore o chi è responsabile per questo?
Ra: Io sono Ra. In tutti i casi il complesso mente/corpo/spirito fa quell’uso che gli è possibile della facoltà di sognare. Essa stessa è responsabile di questa attività.
86.9 Interrogante: Allora stai dicendo che il subconscio è responsabile di ciò che chiamerei design o sceneggiatura per il sogno. È corretto?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Questo è corretto.
86.10 Interrogante: Il ricordo che l’individuo ha al risveglio dal sogno, di solito è ragionevolmente accurato? Il sogno si ricorda facilmente?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Devi rendervi conto che stiamo generalizzando troppo per rispondere alle tue domande in quanto ci sono diversi tipi di sogni. Tuttavia, in generale, si può notare che è solo per un osservatore addestrato e disciplinato (la facoltà) di avere una ragionevolmente buona memoria del sogno. Questa facoltà può essere appresa in virtù di una disciplina di registrazione, immediatamente al risveglio, di ogni dettaglio che può essere ricordato. Questa pratica acuisce la capacità di ricordare il sogno. La percezione più comune di un complesso mente/corpo/spirito dei suoi sogni è confusa, disordinata e rapidamente persa.
86.11 Interrogante: Nel ricordare i sogni, stai dicendo che l’individuo può trovare indizi specifici sugli attuali blocchi del centro energetico e può, quindi, ridurre o eliminare quei blocchi. È corretto?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Questo è così.
86.12 Interrogante: C’è qualche altra funzione del sogno che abbia valore nel processo evolutivo?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Sebbene ve ne siano molti che hanno un certo valore, ne sceglieremmo due da notare, poiché questi due, sebbene non di valore nella polarizzazione, possono essere di valore in un senso più generale.
L’attività del sognare è un’attività in cui si crea un ponte finemente lavorato ed eccellentemente confezionato dal conscio all’inconscio. In questo stato, le varie distorsioni che si sono verificate nella rete energetica del complesso del corpo, dovute all’errata precisione con cui gli afflussi di energia sono stati ricevuti, vengono sanate.
Con l’appropriato ammontare (dell’attività) di sognare arriva la guarigione di queste distorsioni. La continua mancanza di questa possibilità può causare complessi mente/corpo/spirito seriamente distorti.
L’altra funzione del sognare che è d’aiuto è quel tipo di sogno che è visionario e che i profeti e i mistici hanno sperimentato dai tempi antichi. Le loro visioni arrivano attraverso le radici della mente e parlano a un mondo desideroso (di conoscerle). Quindi il sogno è di servizio senza essere di natura personalmente polarizzante. Tuttavia, in quel mistico o profeta [che] desidera servire, tale servizio aumenterà la polarità dell’entità.
86.13 Interrogante: C’è una parte del sonno che è stata chiamata R.E.M. È questo lo stato del sognare?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Questo è corretto.
86.14 Interrogante: Si è notato che ciò si verifica in piccole unità durante la notte con spazi vuoti nel mezzo. C’è una ragione particolare per questo?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Sì.
86.15 Interrogante: Se ha un qualche valore saperlo, mi spiegheresti perché il processo del sogno funziona così?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Le parti del processo del sognare che sono utili per la polarizzazione e anche per la visione del mistico
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need to prove their case.
The State has a duty to disclose witnesses, evidence, and material throughout the case, this is known as a duty of ongoing disclosure. Final disclosure must be made at least 7 days before trial.
If the State or the Defense needs to provide disclosure after the final deadline a motion must be filed with the court requesting permission to make late disclosure.
That motion must contain a supporting affidavit justifying the disclosure. If the justification is not adequately provided disclosure should be denied and the evidence precluded.
Do I get to conduct interviews?
The discovery process also allows the Defendant or their attorney to interview witnesses that the State will use at trial, including police officers. Any witness who is material to the criminal charge may be interviewed, except for victims of a crime.
A victim of a crime is given special rights in Arizona and although they may consent to an interview, they are not required to provide an interview like other witnesses.
If a witness refuses to provide an interview the Defendant or their attorney may ask the Court to order a deposition. If the witness fails to appear at the deposition then the Court may choose to prevent the witness from testifying, thereby damaging the State’s case.
Officer interviews can be a daunting task. A police officer is a professional witness.
Think about it, part of a police officer’s job is to testify in court. Their testimony must be believable, understandable, and is designed to get a conviction in the case.
The officer will attempt to downplay facts and information that will be beneficial to the Defendant and will spend lots of time describing facts and information that will support the State’s case.
The officer’s testimony begins at the interview. During the interview the Defendant has the opportunity to ask open ended questions.
Questions designed to make the officer explain why he or she did something. Why they chose to believe one person over the other, or why they chose to interpret information a certain way.
Asking open ended questions can lead to valuable information to be used in your defense. Likewise, asking why an officer made a decision can reveal ingrained biases that the officer may have that can be useful in the courtroom.
What if the State does not provide me with what I want?
If the State refuses to provide you with information you can ask the Court to order the State to provide it to you.
The information you request must be relevant and necessary for the case, and you have to have a substantial need for the information in order to defend yourself.
You cannot request information from the State that you can obtain easily yourself.
If the judge does not order the state to provide you with information and the material is within the control of a government agency you may make a public records request for the material.
Public records requests are only applicable to information in the Government’s control and are conducted outside the process of the criminal court.
Public records request can be used to obtain discipline information about the officer involved in the case, video evidence, GPS data, and much more.
Can I use a subpoena to get information?
The prosecutor can only provide information that they have in their possession and control.
If you want to obtain evidence from a business or third party you will need to use a Subpoena. A subpoena is a court order issued to an individual or business requiring them to provide specific documentation or material. You must provide your own subpoena to the Court.
It is rare that judges will deny a subpoena. However, the request must be reasonable and narrowly tailored to what you need. Judges guard against fishing expeditions.
Once you obtain a subpoena you will have to pay to have that subpoena served by a process server on the business or individual who has the information.
If the subject of the subpoena does not cooperate the Court can order that person to appear and explain why the disobeyed a court order. This could lead to additional legal consequences for the individual.
The use of a subpoena is a valuable tool. However, the abuse of subpoena requests will be immediately addressed by the Court. Use subpoenas to make uncooperative third parties, like businesses, provide you with videos, receipts or other information that will tend to disprove your guilt.
Not all States have the same rules for discovery. Arizona happens to be fairly open with their discovery process. This is helpful for most cases.
If you hire an attorney who has the knowledge and tools to extract information about the case from the discovery process it can open doors to more lenient plea agreements and possibly trial defenses or a dismissal of your case.<|endoftext|>Shingles is a painful virus. The pre-requisite is having had chicken pocks first, even if it was decades before. This is because they come from the same virus called varicella roster. Chickenpox causes itchy blisters that can spread on the body, typically in the chest and back areas. On the other hand, shingles is a rash that causes a shooting, painful, sensation. The rash usually stick to one location or side of the body. When the virus first enters the body as chickenpox, after running its course, it retreats to nerve tissues located near the spinal cord and brain just makes its home there. Then for almost no reason doctors can understand, the virus wakes itself up again. That is when shingles occurs which is also called herpes zoster. Doctors do know that a weakened immune system is of course more vulnerable to virus waking itself up.
Others heightened risks for shingles include trauma, stress, have cancer, HIV, or take medications that lower the immune system over time (such as steroids). The mystery is that these possible causes are not always true for everyone.
Going to see a doctor is pertinent especially if the person feels a tingling feeling under their skin, an upset stomach, fever, chills, and/or headache coupled with raised dots on the body. The area of the skin will feel like a stabbing pain and eventually the redness turns into blisters. Within 7 to 10 days the blisters do dry out and pain lessens. Shingles cannot be entirely cured, but the painful symptoms and longevity of the blisters can be reduced.
Shingles is contagious to those who have never had chickenpox or the vaccine for it. A person is contagious until the blisters have dried out and crusted over. Pregnant women, infants, and those with weak immune systems are susceptible.
Currently there are 2 vaccines available for shingles. These include Shingrix and Zostavax. Shingrix is actually considered 90% effective, so it is the preferred option. The CDC does recommend people over the age of 50 get this vaccination, even if they have had shingles before.
Shooting pain should be kept away. Anyone who has had the Chickenpox should be aware of possible triggers and any symptoms associated with shingles. As we always intend to, keeping stress at bay is important. Be aware of germs and germ filled environments. Your body and immune system appreciate self-care. Don’t let the virus in and vaccination becomes very important.
BLOG 342 FASTING
“Science of Fasting” (2016), Sylvie Gilman, Thierry de Lestrade
Life expectancy is increasing, but that also means that the number of diseases and illnesses are increasing too. This requires medical attention, which plays into the money-making industry of Western medicine. In the fitness industry, clients ask about fasting for weight loss, but after watching, “Science of Fasting” (2016), this deprivation of food is actually a therapeutic approach to healing.
Russia’s public health system actually recognizes fasting. It is covered by healthcare. The documentary highlighted one of the Russian clinics where residents come to stay for a supervised program. This is not a DIY (do it yourself) process, which is a popular approach when it comes to internet searched detoxes, cleanses, juicing trials, or fasts. Here, fasting can take place up to a period of 3 weeks, and it’s all about WATER…. just water. The hunger sensation does disappear after a few days. The body is detoxing and living off its reserves. The body at first undergoes a “crisis” period as the impacted organism feeds on itself. So let’s say an alcoholic is trying to reverse liver damage, there could be possible pain the few days in the area. To help with this, patients are given body wraps, colonics and are recommended to exercise.
Of course this process is scary, because no one can tell how one’s body will react to food deprivation. But the body learns to tap into other energy sources. Our main source of energy is glucose and once the body has used this, it then taps into its energy reserves souring from proteins and fats. Now the body is using ketones for fuel. Over the years, nearly 10,000 patients have been treated and 2/3 have experienced successful results.
A physician in Moscow was the first to bring fasting to the medical board for review in 1973. As a physiatrist, he had a patient who refused to eat. So he just let him not eat. By the 15th day, the patient had a better attitude and felt recovered from his mental illness symptoms. Fasting has been shown to improve and reverse symptoms of depression, phobias, obsessions, anxiety, and schizophrenia. At first, not many doctors or the medical world were open to this idea because being hungry has a negative connotation. But this doctor, Nicoliath (possible misspelling), from Moscow has helped over 8,000 people with asthma, arthritis, and eczema.
Fasting stresses the body. It then has to auto regulate itself. Faced with starvation, hormones start to act and tap into the reserves. For example, this process on a person with asthma would target the black histamine cells in the lungs, cleaning out this area through the fasting detoxification of this organ.
Fasting hasn’t undergone a great amount of research because the pharmaceutical companies are not encouraging this. If a person is diagnosed with diabetes, that equates to dollar signs for many years of medication. Studies have been done on penguins and rats, proving that these species can live off their reserves for nearly 4 months. This means that fasting is an adaption that body can undergo.
The concept of fasting ties into many weight loss strategies like the ketosis diet. The body is using other sources for fuel. It is important that this is of course a temporary, short lived approached. I was intrigued by the medical findings and thought of the effects of fasting the body of meat and dairy have which reduce inflammation. Consult a doctor and be sure to have professional supervision if this is something you are considering. To learn more, I would highly recommend watching the moving, “Science of Fasting”.
Germs are everywhere. Bottomline. They can be passed from person to person, surface to person, on handles, knobs, countertops, light switches…. ALL over. Each day, we are surrounded by germs everywhere that we go. Some places are more ridden with germs than others, so be ware, be clean, and always wash your hands. Here is a list of 10 germ prone environments to take precaution when encountering:
- Workplace – The desks, phones, keyboards, any work space shared with other accumulates germs.
- Restaurants- There are many workers, many surfaces, and lots of food handling. Whose to say that all workers are in fact washing their hands often and after the restroom?? These places do undergo inspections, and this information is publicly available if curious which locations to avoid.
- Public restrooms – Sitting on the toilet seat, touching any handle, and the choice for hand washing, leaves the bathroom quite germ filled.
- Swimming pools – Chlorine doesn’t always kill all the germs. It is important not to let pool water in your mouth and to rinse off before and after entering. The same germs that cause diarrhea are those most passed in these waters.
- Airplanes – Germs fester in these closed quarters where the air is shared. The bathroom and any surfaces in the cabin carries germs. The trays and arm-handles also have germs. Disinfect any areas you will be touching.
- Day care centers – Diapers are everywhere, and they contain fecal matter. Germs can be passed among the shared toys. Children also like to put these toys in their mouths.
- Schools – Kids might not put items in their mouths anymore, but its hard to know if everyone is washing their hands. Sickness can easily spread especially with shared desks and in the cafeteria.
- Movie theatres – Colds and the flu can easily pass in these closed quarters people are sharing for a couple hours. The germs from previous movie watchers are also on each seat.
- Your own home – All the kitchen surfaces, handling of meats, bathroom trips, sponges, handles, and light switches constantly used by everyone leads to germ sharing. Hand washing at home needs to be upheld as well.
- Hospitals – Sick people, medical devices shared, increased exposure to more germs, and compromised immune systems are an everyday occurrence. Although these places are well kept, that doesn’t mean its patrons aren’t sharing their germs.
Hand washing prevails and helps prevent sharing more and more germs. A healthy community washes their hands, and knows that sharing isn’t caring when it comes to germs and YOU spreading them.
Juicing has become a popular craze among fitness and nutrition fanatics. Having a juicer at home is just about as common as having a toaster these days. The power of fruits and vegetables does wonders for our internal health and it is unlikely to consume the recommended daily totals (17 each). The reasons one might start to juice include weight loss, lowering blood pressure, or detoxing. It is no healthier than eating the same content, but a popular trend is a trend and jumping on board happens to the best of us.
Personally, I like the texture and chewing action of eating. I feel satiated longer and feel that I’m getting more bang for my buck. Liquid doesn’t fill me up, at least not for long. So if I were to eat an apple vs. drink an apple you can see my point…. 5 min to chew an apple vs. 2 seconds to drink that sip of apple. And I do have to say from my research for this, there aren’t many claims other than being able to consume more fruits and vegetables per day that justify the benefits of juicing. So why so popular??
Adding to this, I watched a documentary called, “7 Days 2 Guys 1 Juicer”. In this film, Chad and Kenny were two obese middle-aged men, who for 7 days were put in a hotel to complete a 7 day juicing cycle. When they arrived the refrigerator was stocked with nothing but fresh produce. Not one item was in the freezer. From the gate, the men noticed how much work juicing really was with prepping the produce and then cleaning up after. This was quite the lifestyle change for them both, coming from backgrounds of fast food, no activity, and very little motivation to be healthy and make changes. Taken out of their environments, the men were forced to follow the plan precisely. They underwent withdrawal, headaches, and hunger pains.
According to the documentary, juicing dates back to the ancient Greeks who used pomegranate juice as a love potion. In the U.S., juicing was introduced in the 1920s when there was a new popularity to be vegetarian or vegan. In the 1970s, Jack Lalanne sold his famous juicer. Today, people in their 20s and 30s have created a $5billion business out of juicing. There’s a status associated with high end juice bars connected to yoga studios.
In the end, Chad and Kenny lost about 9 pounds each. I really anticipated a higher weight loss considering their past, which goes to show that juicing isn’t entirely weight loss oriented and the weight can be gained right back after stopping. Here’s the concept: “Doing the math, on average, an ounce of ‘mixed juice’ contains about 15 calories. If you need 1,400-1,500 calories daily to achieve weekly weight loss, you could drink a whopping 96 ounces of this juice (about 12 cups) each day and still stay in that calorie range, which should result in weight loss. On this sample juicing diet, you would, however, only be getting 9 grams of fiber (36% of your need) and 25 grams of protein (41% of your need) each day, which is far from ideal. This unbalanced nutrient intake would result in immediate muscle mass loss and an increase in hunger and food cravings. Other nutrients such as fat, vitamins and minerals would also be severely lacking. Successful and safe long-term weight loss would not be achievable on such a plan” (http://www.sparkpeople.com/resource/nutrition_articles.asp?id=1800).
Obesity causes over 25 diseases, so we do want to make sure proper nutrition is in place, but the type that is sustainable. In a world that praises fat-free and all natural that comes out of a box, something isn’t right with our food. Fresh is always best. Have a juice here and there to compliment your eating. It can be a nice, cold, refreshing, sweet beverage. Take your fitness journey tips, use them to your advantage, and make those changes the best you can, each and every day!!!!<|endoftext|>Inspired by Carol of the Bells by August Burns Red
Christmas is a wonderful time of year to spend time with family and friends, to sing songs of praise and to acknowledge the amazing gift God gave us through Jesus. For me, finding the history and meaning behind some of my favorite Christmas songs has been something I’ve always enjoyed. So I thought for this month’s devotionals, I would share with you the history of some of the greatest Christmas songs ever written in hopes that you might enjoy them as you sing and hear them this Christmas season. One of my favorite songs is Carol of the Bells. The simple yet beautiful four note melody is such a powerful reminder of the true joy that Christmas can bring.
Here’s The Story:
Although “Carol of the Bells” has become a popular tune during the holidays, the original lyrics had nothing to do with Christmas. The song with a haunting four-note melody was originally a Ukranian folk song written as a “winter well-wishing song,” said Anthony Potoczniak, a Rice University anthropology graduate student. Written in 1916 by Ukrainian composer Mykola Leontovich and titled “Shchedryk,” the song tells the tale of a swallow flying into a household to proclaim the plentiful year that the family will have. The song’s title is derived from the Ukrainian word “shchedryj,” which means “bountiful.”
“The swallow is a herald of spring coming,” Potoczniak said, referring to its possible pre-Christian origins. The original lyrics describe the swallow calling out to the master of the home and telling him about all the wealth that he will possess — healthy livestock, money and a beautiful wife.
For a Christmas concert, a choir director by the name of Oleksander Koshyts commissioned Leontovich to write a song based on Ukrainian folk melodies. Using the four notes and original folk lyrics of a well-wishing song he found in an anthology of Ukrainian folk melodies, Leontovich created a completely new work for the choir.
“Very few people realize that the composition ‘Shchedryk’ was composed and performed during a time when there was intense political struggle and social upheaval in Ukraine,” Potoczniak said. The same choir director who commissioned the song formed the Ukrainian National Chorus, mandated by a fledgling Ukrainian government, in 1919 to promote Ukranian music in major cultural centers in the West. Touring across Europe and North and South America, the chorus performed over 1,000 concerts.
Meanwhile, back in Ukraine, the original folk melody that Leontovich used to compose his work was one of many well-wishing tunes sung in many Ukrainian villages on January 13, New Year’s Eve on the Julian calendar, usually by adolescent girls going house to house in celebration of the new
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美国境内运作，350人则到里约实地工作。
相关人员来自17个情报机构，动用的资源包括人力情报、间谍卫星、电子监听设备及网络和社交媒体监视系统。
此外，十多名海军及海军陆战队突击队员也奉召到巴西戒备。
这些美方人员将与巴西联邦警察及海军合作，审查一万多名选手和3万5000多名保安人员及警员，同时监督恐怖分子的社交媒体帐号，并协助巴西维护电脑网络安全。<|endoftext|>Publisher William Randolph Hearst, right, is interviewed by reporters, Nov. 7, 1935, on his return to "my home state of New York" due to Californian income taxes. Hearst, publisher of the New York Journal, and rival Joseph Pulitzer, publisher of the New York World, are credited with the creation of yellow journalism in the late 1800s. (AP Photo, used with permission from the Associated Press)
Yellow journalism usually refers to sensationalistic or biased stories that newspapers present as objective truth.
Established late 19th-century journalists coined the term to belittle the unconventional techniques of their rivals. Although Eric Burns (2006) demonstrated that the press in early America could be quite raucous, yellow journalism is generally perceived to be a late 1800s phenomenon full of lore and spin, fact and fiction, tall tales, and large personalities.
Yellow journalism marked by sensationalist stories, self-promotion
William Randolph Hearst, publisher of the New York Journal, and his arch-rival, Joseph Pulitzer, publisher of the New York World, are credited with the creation of yellow journalism.
Such journalism had the following characteristics:
- the use of multicolumn headlines, oversized pictures, and dominant graphics;
- front-page stories that varied from sensationalist to salacious in the same issue;
- one-upmanship, or the scooping of stories, only later to be embarrassed into retractions (usually by a competing publication);
- jingoism, or the inflaming of national sentiments through slanted news stories, often related to Civil War;
- extensive use of anonymous sources by overzealous reporters especially in investigative stories on “big-business,” famous people, or political figures;
- self-promotion within the news medium; and
- pandering to the so-called hoi polloi, especially by using the newspaper layout to cater to immigrants for whom English was not their first language.
Conservative press organized boycott against Hearst and Pulitzer newspapers
The conservative press thought these characteristics amounted to misconduct in the gathering of news and launched a boycott of both newspapers.
The boycott was successful in excluding the two newspapers from the stands in the New York Public Library, social clubs, and reading rooms, but it only served to increase readership among average citizens who rarely frequented such establishments.
Overall, the boycott backfired. Circulation for both newspapers increased, and Hearst purchased other newspapers and insisted on the use of the same techniques in other cities.
The conservative press was itself not above printing the occasional fantastical story. Moreover, within ten years, almost every newspaper in the country began using large headlines for election day editions or illustrations and pictures to contextualize a crisis or celebration.
Hearst’s and Pulitzer’s newspapers eventually declined in circulation, but not before others had copied their methods.
The term 'yellow journalism' sourced to comic strip and editorials
Lore has suggested that the use of a comic strip illustrated by the World’s Richard Felton Outcault entitled “The Yellow Kid” (later poached by the Journal) and used to poke fun at industry, political, and society figures, was the source of the phrase “yellow journalism.”
Other sources point to a series of critical editorials by Ervin Wardman of the New York Press as coining the phrase after first attempting to stigmatize the practices as “new” and then “nude” journalism — “yellow” had the more sinister, negative connotation Wardman sought. Other editors began to use the term in their newspapers in New York, and it eventually spread to Chicago, San Francisco, and other cities by early 1897.
Supreme Court has set high bar for determining libel of public figures
Although modern journalistic standards are arguably as high as they have ever been, some Supreme Court decisions have allowed for criticism, especially of public figures.
In Near v. Minnesota (1931), the Supreme Court set a strong presumption against prior restraint of publication, and New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964) further set a high bar for public figures who thought that articles printed about them were libelous.
McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission (1995) also ruled that individuals can publish anonymous criticisms of political issues, and newspapers’ use of anonymous sources is largely governed by a code of journalistic ethics.
This article is originally published in 2009. Cleveland Ferguson III, J.D., D.H.L. is Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer for the Jacksonville Transportation AuthoritySend Feedback on this article<|endoftext|>e, yaklaşık değeri 2,71828 olan bir sayıdır. 17. yüzyılda büyük sayıların çarpımını toplama olarak ifade edebilmemizi sağlayan logaritma fikri üzerine eğilen matematikçiler yeni bir matematik sabitiyle karşılaştılar.
Tıpkı π gibi e de bir irrasyonel sayıdır, dolayısıyla tam değerini asla bilemeyiz. İlk yirmi basamağı şöyledir: 2,71828182845904523536…
e’yi bayağı kesir olarak yazmak istersek, iki basamaklı sayılar içinde en yakın oran 87/32 dir. İlginç bir şekilde üç basamaklı sayılar içinde ise en yakın oran 878/323 tür. Bu ikinci kesir birincinin bir tür palindromik açılımını andırır.
Büyümeyle ilgili konularda e sayısı kilit bir role sahiptir. Örneğin ekonomik büyüme ve nüfus büyümesi bunlar arasındadır. Radyoaktif bozunma modelleri de yine e sayısını temel alır. Fakat e sayısının geçtiği konular bunlarla sınırlı değildir. Olasılık, Poisson dağılımı, çan eğrisi, mühendislik, ve bu liste uzayıp gider.<|endoftext|>8898财经资讯网讲述货币数量论基本内容,货币数量论最重要特点 的量价理论知识
在入股笔录转变的根基上，挖掘挂牌公司的经纪情形和长进性变成必修课之一，扎扎实实地调研是幸免踩上;跌停水雷的有效手腕，而在股价构造调整还居于方兴未艾的大背景下，执持有功绩长进股，不因一时的因随意炒作概念股和绩差低价股，就要考验入股者的勇气和信念了。
货币数量论基本内容,货币数量论最重要特点弗里德曼认为，货币数量说不是关于产盘、货币收人或物价问题的理论，它首先是关于货币需求的理论.1956年，货币数量论弗里抽曼发表了（货币数坛说的重新表述）.莫定了现代货币数量说的基础，这篇论文一般也被肴作是货币学派出现的标志。在此文中，货币数量论他对影响货币需求量的各种因素进行深人的分析，得出了他的货币需求函数.这个货币需求函数被称为现代货币数最论的新解释。弗里德曼一方面采纳了剑桥学派和凯恩斯的核心思想，货币数量论把货币看作是一种资产.另一方面又基本承袭了传统货币数量说的结论.即货币量的变动反映在物价的变动上。
弗里德受认为，货币数量论人们对于货币的需求就像影响人们对别的商品和劳务的需耍一样，一般消费者在对诸多商品进行选择时.必然要考虑三个因求:收人、效用和机会成本。货币数量论他对形响货币需求的这三类因家进行了详细的分析。
弗里德赞把货币看作人们持有财富的一种形式，个人所持有的货币量受其总财富限初.货币数量论由于总财富难以直接计炸.因此.货币数量论他在《消费函数理论》(1957)提出用“恒久性收入”(Permanent Income)的概念来代替财富。“恒久性收人”是指一个人所拥有的各种财富在相当长时间内获得的收人流最.货币数量论相当于人们所有未来预期收人的折现优。货币数量论由于“恒久性收人”易于计算.且只有橡定性.因而可以遴免即时性收人受偶然因家影响而使货币需求函数出现不稳定的现象。货币数量论恒久收人用符号Y表示。
根据《关于股票上网发行资金申购的补充通知，网上申购新股时间将由此前的四个交易日缩短为三个交易日，但是必须经过发行人和主承销商申请并获得交易所同意才可适用。<|endoftext|>Driver Highway è un gioco arcade di guida per auto realizzato su un motore di gioco 2D. Stai guidando velocemente una macchina rossa sull'autostrada, ci saranno diverse macchine che guidano su 3 piste a caso quelle che sono più lente della tua auto. I punteggi che potresti guadagnare provengono dalla quantità di auto che vengono superate dalla tua auto. Buona fortuna e fai un punteggio alto in Driver Highway!
far scorrere lo schermo o i tasti freccia su e giù
far scorrere lo schermo o i tasti freccia su e giù
Aggiungi questo gioco al tuo sito!<|endoftext|>Urganlı - Alaşehir arası tren bulun
Urganlı - Alaşehir arası tren yolculuğu
Urganlı'dan Alaşehir'ye tren ile yolculuk 62,46 km'dir ve sürer. Her gün bağlantıları vardır, ilk kalkış 'de ve sonuncusu 'dedir. Urganlı'dan Alaşehir'ye tren ile en az veya en fazla için seyahat etmek mümkündür. Bu yolculuk için en iyi fiyat .
|Mesafe
|62,46 km
|Kalkış
|Urganlı
|Varış
|Alaşehir
Önceden rezervasyon yapın ve tasarruf edin
Eğer Urganlı - Alaşehir arası seyahatiniz için en iyi fırsatı arıyorsanız, önceden tren bileti rezervasyonu yapmak para tasarrufu sağlamanın harika bir yoludur. Önceden rezervasyon yapılabilen biletlerin genellikle seyahat tarihinizden 3 ay öncesine kadar mevcut olmadığını unutmayın.
Seyahat süreniz konusunda esnek kalın ve yoğun olmayan yolculukları keşfedin
Gezilerinizi yoğun olmayan seyahat zamanlarına göre planlamak, yalnızca kalabalıktan kaçınabileceğiniz anlamına gelmez, aynı zamanda paradan da tasarruf etmenizi sağlayabilir. Programınızda esnek olmak ve alternatif rotaları veya saatleri göz önünde bulundurmak, Urganlı - Alaşehir seyahatiniz için harcadığınız para miktarını önemli ölçüde etkileyecektir.
Her zaman özel teklifleri kontrol edin
En son fırsatları kontrol etmek, para tasarrufu yaparak biriktirmenize yardımcı olabilir. Bu nedenle zaman ayırarak fiyatları gözden geçirmek ve karşılaştırmak önemlidir. Böylece biletinizde en iyi fırsatı elde ettiğinizden emin olun ve çocuklar, gençler ve yaşlılar için özel ücretlerden olduğu gibi grup indirimlerinden de yararlanın.
Daha yavaş trenlerin veya aktarma trenlerin potansiyelini keşfedin
Esnek bir zaman dilimiyle seyahat planlıyorsanız, neden manzaralı bir rotayı tercih etmiyorsunuz? Daha yavaş trenleri veya daha fazla durak yapan aktarma trenlerini kullanmak biletinizin fiyatına dair bir tasarruf sağlayabilir. Eğer takviminize uyuyorsa kesinlikle düşünmeye değer bir seçenektir.
Tren'a göre Urganlı - Alaşehir CO2 Emisyonları
İyileştirebileceğimiz bir şey var mı?<|endoftext|>syphilis(redirected from Syfilis)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.
- sexually active teenagers
- people infected with another sexually transmitted disease (STD), including AIDS
- sexually abused children
- women of childbearing age
- prostitutes of either sex and their customers
- persons who abuse drugs or alcohol
Causes and symptoms
- Asymptomatic. In this form of neurosyphilis, the patient's spinal fluid gives abnormal test results but there are no symptoms affecting the central nervous system.
- Meningovascular. This type of neurosyphilis is marked by changes in the blood vessels of the brain or inflammation of the meninges (the tissue layers covering the brain and spinal cord). The patient develops headaches, irritability, and visual problems. If the spinal cord is involved, the patient may experience weakness of the shoulder and upper arm muscles.
- Tabes dorsalis. Tabes dorsalis is a progressive degeneration of the spinal cord and nerve roots. Patients lose their sense of perception of one's body position and orientation in space (proprioception), resulting in difficulties walking and loss of muscle reflexes. They may also have shooting pains in the legs and periodic episodes of pain in the abdomen, throat, bladder, or rectum. Tabes dorsalis is sometimes called locomotor ataxia.
- General paresis. General paresis refers to the effects of neurosyphilis on the cortex of the brain. The patient has a slow but progressive loss of memory, ability to concentrate, and interest in self-care. Personality changes may include irresponsible behavior, depression, delusions of grandeur, or complete psychosis. General paresis is sometimes called dementia paralytica, and is most common in patients over 40.
Patient history and physical diagnosis
- pregnant women
- sexual contacts or partners of patients diagnosed with syphilis
- children born to mothers with syphilis
- patients with HIV infection
- persons applying for marriage licenses
Other laboratory tests
Public health measures
A positive test for syphilis should be repeated. A false positive result can be due to other diseases such as malaria, leprosy, and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, and therefore should not be ignored. A false negative serological test can occur when the infection is too recent to have triggered the production of antibodies. A negative result can also occur if the disease is late symptomatic syphilis or if the patient's immune system is not functioning normally. If treatment of syphilis had been started before the test, the patient's blood could be temporarily nonreactive. Since alcohol interferes with and decreases the intensity of a reaction, it should be considered as a possible cause of a negative result. Once treatment has been started, patients with early syphilis should have repeated testing every three months for one full year.
Even if no treatment is given, the chancre will disappear in 10 to 40 days, often leading to the false conclusion that the disease is cured. Occasionally a chancre fails to develop or is too small to be noticed. Primary syphilis can be cured with antibiotics in adequate doses. (See Atlas 2, Part P.)
Like primary syphilis, the secondary stage disappears by itself, generally within 3 to 12 weeks, but may return later if the organisms are still present. As in the primary stage, the disease can be cured in the secondary stage by the use of penicillin or other antibiotics. Together, the primary and secondary stages are known as early syphilis.
Late syphilis is less contagious to others but is extremely dangerous to the person who has it. It may be fatal, particularly if the central nervous system or heart is affected. The spirochete can invade any cell of the body and can damage any organ or structure of the body, including the internal organs, bones, joints, and skin. The characteristic lesion of tertiary syphilis is a soft gummy tumor called a gumma.
If late syphilis attacks the heart, aorta, or aortic valve, death may result from rupture of the weakened aorta or from heart failure. When it attacks the central nervous system, general paresis, a severe disease of the brain, may result; if not treated promptly, it will cause insanity and death. Another serious disorder of the nervous system caused by late syphilis is tabes dorsalis, in which there is pain and loss of position sense. Blindness may result if the infection involves the eyes. Other possible effects are deep ulcers on the legs or elsewhere, chronic inflammation of the bones, which is especially painful at night, and perforation of the soft palate.
Cure of late or tertiary syphilis takes longer and is more difficult than that of primary or secondary syphilis. Sometimes the disease cannot be completely cured. As with early syphilis, however, it may be successfully treated with penicillin and other antibiotics.
To prevent congenital syphilis all pregnant women should have a blood test for syphilis during the early months of pregnancy. Treatment before the fifth month will always prevent infection of the unborn child. A syphilitic mother who is not treated early has only one chance in six of having a healthy child. If a child is born with syphilis, immediate treatment may be effective if the disease has not progressed too far.
syph·i·lis(sif'i-lis), Do not confuse this word with erysipelas.
syphilis/syph·i·lis/ (sif´ĭ-lis) a venereal disease caused by Treponema pallidum, leading to many structural and cutaneous lesions, transmitted by direct sexual contact or in utero. See primary s., secondary s., and tertiary s. syphilit´ic
syphilisSTD A multisystem STD caused by a spirochete, Treponema pallidum, when it penetrates broken or abraded mucotaneous tissue through sexual contact; ≥ 100,000 new cases/yr, US; it is the third most commonly reported infectious disease–gonorrhea is the first; it is common in urban areas, especially in the US South and affects young adults Clinical Primary stage or chancre stage causes a nasty looking, but painless rounded ulcer, which may heal spontaneously. See Benign late syphilis, Congenital syphilis, Latent syphilis, Neurosyphilis, Primary syphilis, Secondary syphilis, Tertiary syphilis.
syphilis(sif'i-lis) [ Syphilis, a shepherd having the disease in a Latin poem]
Syphilis is typically passed from person to person by
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处于近乎完整的状态，这让人感到惊奇……
答：是的，到目前还保存完好。圣家在纳匝勒时，被保存在一所犹太会堂风格的教堂下面，这座教堂是在第二世纪末第三世纪初由犹太人-基督信徒修建的；之后，圣家又被保存在一间拜占庭教堂和一间大殿的下面；11世纪至12世纪十字军时期，又被保存在一间宏伟壮丽的十字形大殿的地下室。这个脆弱的建筑被保存在另一个建筑内，因为它没有受到风雨的侵蚀，所以能经受时代的考验。同样的，圣家被移到洛雷托后立刻被厚厚的墙保护着，后来被14世纪末期修建的第一座教堂覆盖起来。1469年修建了可能是马丁尼设计的朝圣地大殿。
问：你们洛雷托朝圣地的会士如何推动圣母敬礼？
答：洛雷托圣家修会团体负责人会协调一切，更衣室管理人帮助主持弥撒的司铎安排时间，朝圣堂看管人接待朝圣者进入圣家。圣家修会团体在志工团队的合作下推动圣母敬礼，尤其是告解司铎们会用不同语言听取来自世界各地的忏悔者的告解。当然，圣家修会团体和档案馆推出很多学术性、敬礼、推销和通俗的刊物，好让人们了解认识圣家朝圣地、它的历史和艺术，因为它是全球圣母朝圣地中有最丰富的艺术杰作的朝圣地。从意大利文化部长奥尔纳吉9月8日圣母诞辰庆日来洛雷托朝圣就明确指出它的重要性。<|endoftext|>Yapacağınız işlme çok basit excel dosyasınıza arama butonu ekleyip aşağıdaki kod kendi excelinize göre düzenleyin.
Excel, makroyu kullanarak belirli aralıklarla, belirli hücreleri seçip dış kenarlık verme komutu yazımızda.
Kendi okulum için excel, vb ve makro kullanarak hazırlanmıştır. Kullanıma başladıktan sonra o kadar çok talep oldu ki bir çok okul tarafından kullanılmaktadır.<|endoftext|>I may have mentioned before that honey locust are one of my favorite trees. My affection for them stems partly from familiarity. As I was growing up, I could see a magnificent honeylocust tree out my bedroom window every day. Honey locusts are also common on my local patch in several groves. These honey locust groves provide some of the best birding, as it is relatively easy to spot birds among the small leaflets. In winter, the bare branches take a variety of gnarled forms, making them photogenic in even the bleakest of winter weather.
In autumn, the compound leaves turn a golden yellow before they fall. They are one of the first trees to turn, so that they are often bare by the time other trees are at their autumn peak.
Honey locusts are in the legume family (Fabaceae). In the fall, they produce curved seed pods, which hang from their branches. The distinctive pods are about 6-8 inches long and contain numerous seeds. I remember playing with these pods as a kid, but I am not sure whether I ever connected them with these marvelous trees.<|endoftext|>Lexington in Davidson County, North Carolina — The American South (South Atlantic)
Daniel Boone and Gen. Nathanael Greene
Near this spot, in 1781, the American Army under Gen. Nathanael Greene passed on its way from Trading Ford to fight the British under Lord Cornwallis at Guilford Court House.
Erected 1918 by The North Carolina Historical Commission and The Board of Commissioners of Davidson County.
Location. 35° 49.462′ N, 80° 15.197′ W. Marker is in Lexington, North Carolina, in Davidson County. Marker is on N Main Street near W Center Street, on the right when traveling south. Touch for map. Marker is in this post office area: Lexington NC 27292, United States of America.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within 4 miles of this marker, measured as the crow flies. Captain Benjamin Merrill (here, next to this marker); City of Lexington (a few steps from this marker); Old Davidson County Courthouse (within shouting distance of this marker); Lexington in the Civil War (within shouting distance of this marker); Our Confederate Dead (within shouting distance of this marker); The Homestead (approx. 0.3 miles away); Wm. Rainey Holt (approx. 0.3 miles away); Pilgrim Church (approx. 3.1 miles away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Lexington.
Categories. • Colonial Era • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Revolutionary •
Credits. This page was last revised on June 16, 2016. This page originally submitted on August 14, 2010, by Bill Coughlin of North Arlington, New Jersey. This page has been viewed 806 times since then and 31 times this year. Photos: 1, 2, 3. submitted on August 14, 2010, by Bill Coughlin of North Arlington, New Jersey.<|endoftext|>Nijerya ordusu: Boko Haram'ın elinden 5 bin kişiyi kurtardık
Nijerya ordusu tarafından yapılan açıklamada, İslamcı Boko Haram'ın elinde esir bulunan 5 bin kişinin kurtarıldığı söylendi.
Nijerya ordusu tarafından bugün yapılan açıklamada, İslamcı örgüt Boko Haram'ın elinde rehin bulunan 5 bin kişinin kurtarıldığı söylendi.
Sol Habe'de yer alan bilgilere göre, söz konusu kişilerin ülkenin kuzeydoğusunda yapılan operasyonla serbest bırakıldığı söylenirken, Nijerya ordusunun geçtiğimiz yıllarda Boko Haram'a kaybettiği alanların çoğunu geri kazandığı bildiriliyor.
Nijerya'nın kuzeydoğusunda şeriat ile yönetilen bir devlet kurmak isteyen Boko Haram'ın on binlerce insanın ölümüne sebep olduğu ve 2 milyon insanı göçe mecbur ettiği biliniyor.<|endoftext|>Whether you study at school, college, or university, it’s more likely you have to do your homework after classes. Most teachers believe that out-of-class studies help kids get a deeper understanding of the subject, turn theoretical knowledge into practical skills, and improve academic achievement.
However, most children are overwhelmed with the number of homework projects they have to complete. Once school students get too much homework, they turn to their parents to ask for help with their studies: Whether they need to complete school assignments, college projects, or university coursework. Why? Not only do parents know the material better than their kids, but they also help to manage time wisely which means working on homework faster without sacrificing the quality.
But a logical question appears: Should parents help with homework?
The question is controversial: Although some researchers believe that parents should gradually reduce homework help as their children grow older, other people claim that parental involvement cultivates positive learning behaviors.
First, we’ll discuss what role a parent plays in the kids’ education. Next, let’s find out the pros and cons of helping youngsters with homework.
The Role of Parents in the Educational Process
It’s in parents’ nature to feel responsibility for their kids’ academic performance. More often than not, they want to take part in their children’s education, engage in learning, and help their kids prepare for learning and set priorities.
Researchers have found that parental involvement in learning has many benefits for children: When parents help their school students with studies, it helps to improve student performance, reduce absenteeism, get higher grades and test scores, and improve social skills.
For a variety of reasons, parental involvement has many benefits for family relationships if a parent avoids trying to control the process and completes homework assignments for kids. Thus, it’s important to find out the pros and cons of this involvement.
Let’s dive in.
The Pros and Cons of Parental Involvement in Homework Preparation
- Help to understand the material better: Most students seek out homework assistance at school if they lack knowledge or don’t understand the task and/or the material even if they study well at school. In most cases, it’s difficult for children to understand the principles of calculus so they ask parents for help. Since parents have more experience and knowledge, they can find alternative ways to explain the subject to their kids.
- Improve parent-child relationships: When parents and kids spend time together on doing kids’ homework, it helps them turn quantity time into quality time which means they can improve parent-child relationships.
- Stay organized and beat procrastination: Most parents are more focused and organized and they know how to set priorities, so their assistance helps children manage their time and work on assignments faster. Plus, being organized helps students spend time with friends or enjoy their hobbies.
- Cultivate positive learning behaviors: When parents help their kids and gradually reduce homework help when their children get older, it helps school students follow an example their parents give and stick to positive learning behaviors. Plus, children stop bothering about the homework ban.
- Motivate children for education: It’s no secret that parents have their tips and tricks on motivating kids for education that work well for their offspring. Some parents promise their kids to allow them to spend time with friends while other moms and dads give expensive gifts. No matter what motivates your kid, if your child is interested in the learning process, it’s more likely he or she will keep on studying even if you stop motivating them.
- Add stress by parental expectations: If children ask a highly educated parent for homework assistance after school, it’s no wonder that these moms and dads have high expectations to children even if they have to deal with biostatistics homework. Thus, they expect their kids to complete assignments faster without losing the quality. But if kids can’t meet their parents expectations, it leads to additional stress, anxiety, and headaches.
- Lead to misunderstanding between a parent and a kid: Although involved parents are aimed at helping their kids improve academic performance, adults and kids may have different attitudes toward the learning process. For example, some parents may believe that children should study and complete their philosophy assignments after classes while their kids need to relax after in-class activities so they want to do their homework later in the evening. All in all, it can lead to misunderstanding between them and family.
- Discourage independent learning and self-management: When parents put much effort into helping children with homework assignments and they control the process from A to Z, it discourage children to stay responsible for their homework routine. Why? They know that parents will remind them about the workload and help them complete their tasks on a good level. All in all, it discourages independent learning and self-management.
- Result in lower test scores: It’s no wonder that most parents want to raise their kids smart and successful, so it can lead to the temptation to complete assignments for their kids when it comes to helping children with homework. As a result, children get high grades for out-of-class activities, but they can’t set priorities and implement these skills during tests.
The Bottom Line
If you still wonder whether should parents help with homework or not, you’d better pay attention to your child’s individual learning needs and his or her academic performance.
Plus, it’s a good idea to consult teachers and other school staff on how to make the most out of your homework engagement so that your children can improve academic performance, achieve better results, and obtain in-depth knowledge.<|endoftext|>Here’s a reminder to us all that God is in control of orchestrating events and making them work out according to His time table.
The tabernacle was made in the first year Israel left Egypt (1447 BC). It continued as the place of worship for Israel until the ark of God was taken by the Philistines in the year 1067 BC.
1447 BC to 1067 BC = 380 years tabernacle built in wilderness was in use
For the next 100 years there was no tabernacle.
But then in the 4th year of Solomon, in the year 967 BC the foundation of the temple was laid.
Solomon’s temple would continue on until the Babylonians destroyed it in the year 587 BC. The time duration for Solomon’s temple matched exactly with the duration the tabernacle in the wilderness was used:
967 BC to 587 BC = 380 years the temple was in use
We also find an interesting time relationship when we add up all the numbers:
380 + 100 + 380 = 860 years (from 1447 BC to 587 BC). 860 breaks down to 2 x 430 years.
Israel was in Egypt for exactly 430 years to the selfsame day:
Exodus 12:40 Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.
41 And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.
So we see that from the time that Israel entered into Egypt (in 1877 BC) to its coming out of Egypt (in 1447 BC) was 430 years. And from that point of entering into Egypt until the destruction of Solomon’s temple in 587 BC would be 1290 years, 3 x 430 years = 1290.
Thus fulfilling (on one level) the following Scripture in Daniel:
Daniel 12:11 And from the time that the daily sacrifice shall be taken away, and the abomination that maketh desolate set up, there shall be a thousand two hundred and ninety days.
In the Bible days are at times viewed as years, so 1290 days = 1290 years.
We see God’s hand controlling events occurring over a period of history that is more than a millennium in duration. Everything very carefully worked out so that it fits within a time framework. We can be sure that it’s the same today.<|endoftext|>Rationalize the different visions of America expressed by Federalists and Republicians.
1 Answer | Add Yours
Both of these visions of what the United States should be can be rationalized and seen as logical and appropriate visions.
The Republican vision (please note that these people are also called “Democratic-Republicans” and are not the same thing as the modern Republican Party) can be seen as rational because it sought to preserve and enhance traditional ways of life. The Republicans had a vision of a very traditional America in which essentially all people were small farmers and the state governments were much stronger than the national government. This would be a country in which everyone was equal because they were all doing the same kind of work and because everyone would be their own boss. It is rational to want to preserve what you have and to want to have as much control over your own life as possible.
The Federalist vision was also rational because it understood the need for change. A country cannot grow if it tries to remain the way it always was. The Federalists wanted a country that would allow industry to grow and that would be bigger and more united. Without their vision, the US would not be a world power (or even a rich nation, comparatively speaking) today.
Both visions were rational and both visions continue to have some applicability today.
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Join a community of thousands of dedicated teachers and students.Join eNotes<|endoftext|>Tracker 刚刚上线了一个小功能，叫做「活动监视器」，名字来源于 OSX，Tracker 的这个小功能，用于监控 JavaScript 的活动。
如果你想找到网页中某个功能的 JavaScript，可以尝试下这个功能，方法：进入“活动监视器”面板，点击「开始监控」按钮，Tracker 进入监控状态，这时再切到「当前网页」面板，进行一系列操作（确保网页没跳转到其它地址）后，再回到「活动监视器」，你会看到你进行的这一堆操作，已经在监视器中产生了一些日志，点击某条日志的「查看」链接可切换到代码面板，橙色标注的代码即是刚刚活动的 JS 代码。
另外，「活动监视器」也可以监视异步的代码，希望可以帮到你。
Tracker 主页君：http://ucren.com/tracker/docs/index.html<|endoftext|>Google Arama tarayıcı ayarlarınızı değiştirme
Chrome veya Firefox gibi bir tarayıcıda arama yaparken Google Arama ayarlarınızı değiştirebilirsiniz. Ayarlar Güvenli Arama, video otomatik oynatma, konum ve daha fazlasını içerir.
Google uygulaması ayarlarınız, tarayıcı kullanarak yapılan arama ayarlarından farklıdır. Google uygulaması ayarlarınızı nasıl değiştireceğinizi öğrenin.
Arama ayarlarınızı değiştirme
Ayarlarınızı kaydederken Google Hesabınızda oturumunuz açık olursa ayarlarınız oturum açtığınız her tarayıcıda aynı olur.
- Arama Ayarları sayfasına gidin.
- Google Hesabınızda oturum açtığınızdan emin olun.
İpucu: Sağ üstte, mavi bir "Oturum Aç" düğmesi görürseniz oturum açmamışsınız demektir.
- Arama ayarlarınızı seçin.
- Sayfanın alt kısmında Kaydet'i tıklayın.
Değiştirebileceğiniz ayarlar
Gördüğünüz ayarlar, bir bilgisayarda, tablette veya telefonda olmanıza bağlı olarak değişir.
- Güvenli Arama filtreleri
- Otomatik tamamlamayı kullanarak arama yapma
- Sayfa başına sonuç sayısı
- Sözlü yanıtlar
- Sonuçların açılacağı yer: "Seçilen her sonucu yeni bir tarayıcı penceresinde aç"ı seçseniz bile, Google Görsel arama sonuçları her zaman yeni bir sekmede açılır.
- Geçmiş aramalar
- Dil
- Konum
- El yazısı
- Video: Videolar ses olmadan otomatik olarak oynatılmaya başlayabilir. Bu otomatik oynatılan video önizlemelerini açabilir veya kapatabilirsiniz. Ayrıca, kablosuz ağ veya mobil veri ağlarında olduğu gibi, ne zaman oynatılacaklarını da seçebilirsiniz.<|endoftext|>People with easy-to-pronounce names are viewed as more trustworthy than those with confusing names, a study from scientists at UC-Irvine found.
In a study that quotes from the Colbert Report and the Onion, the scientists made up fake names from different ethnicities around the world, with some of the names easy to pronounce, like Andrian Babeshko, and others more difficult, like Yevgeny Dherzhinsky.
They put these names in front of psychology students taking the study for extra credit and found that the students preferred people with easy-to-pronounce names as a tour guide or as a credible source of trivia.
"Such an effect might have significant real world impact," scientists wrote in the peer-reviewed study. "For instance, would the pronounceability of eyewitnesses' names shape jury verdicts?"
In one experiment
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也要更高一些。
不难看出，dsee.lab的目标市场主要是线下广告展示市场，其炫酷的展示效果确实是足以秒杀传统的广告机和广告显示器。而且其成本也应该会比传统的同等尺寸的液晶屏广告机更低。
据dsee.lab ceo周全透露，“dsee.lab已经与一些大企业达成合作意向，诸如宝马、奔驰、本田苏宁、可口可乐，除此之外，国外的订单也是源源不断。”
另据芯智讯了解，dsee.lab除了50cm版本的“裸眼3d全息展示机”之外，还有1m的版本，尺寸更大，展示的效果也更好。另外，dsee.lab还在研发更大尺寸的设备和可以做360°立体展示的柱型设备。
为了尽快推动产品市场化和新品研发，dsee.lab目前正在进行天使轮融资，融资金额据称将近千万。
作者：芯智讯-浪客剑<|endoftext|>Taking care of one’s health seems to be but a buzz. Thus, the cycle of these mainstream health buffs, gurus, and fitness influencers goes on and on. The tedious work to be extra weary is important because not everything new is accurate. Or perhaps maybe you have been preoccupied with it already and have shoveled off and neglected some of the basics. In any case, here are a few old but gold nuggets of health wisdom and some recent but lesser-known facts which you can utilize both for you, your loved
ones, and your fellow health enthusiasts.
Choose your food wisely.
There should be a balanced input of the essential food groups in our diet. Include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, packed with immune boosters and dietary fibers. Dietary fiber acts as a sort of cleansing agent of your body and carries out most of this gunk stuck inside the bowels. The prescribed allocation based on the United States Department of Agriculture’s last published guidelines is 400 grams or roughly five portions. It is also advisable to reduce salt, sugar, alcohol, and harmful fat. The prolonged and sustained consumption of food products with high rates of these mentioned elements increases the individual’s chances of developing obesity and heart disease.
Shun away from tobacco.
The World Health Organization has tabulated the census for deaths from tobacco usage to be at eight million each year, with around seven million constituting from direct tobacco use and the rest of the percentage resulting from second-hand smoke. Tobacco takes up to half of its users into smoke. There is nothing positive to say about smoking except that the more you puff, the more you end up disappearing into thin air as fast as those puffs go.
Seek available medical tests.
An important step in keeping a healthy lifestyle is getting yourself tested. Some usual health exams that are readily offered to the public are diagnosing tuberculosis, hepatitis B, HIV, and sexually transmitted infections. Having to establish a problem early on can initiate steps on how to proceed to the treatment, thus ultimately preventing further damage and complications that can arise from leaving it as it is. In health matters, it is always better not to be left in the dark.
Practice the vampire sneeze maneuver.
Yes, we’re not young anymore to be reminded of it. Several highly contagious infections are being transmitted through the air. Among these are influenza, tuberculosis, and pneumonia. It is common courtesy not to share your germs with the person next to you. In the same way, remind others to do the same.
Having to cover one’s mouth with the top of the elbow before coughing or sneezing restricts those disgusting fluids from shooting out at unwilling victims; thus, maybe this entire pandemic might have been evaded, eh?
Green for go, red for stop.
Follow laws on traffic safety. Over 1.35 million people die across the world from road accidents, with the majority dying from crashes involving motorcycles, bicycles, cars, buses, trucks, and more than half being innocent pedestrians. There isn’t anywhere you need to rush to more important than where you are breathing right now, so go ahead and slow down on that yellow light. Traffic accidents are highly preventable through the regulations that local government agencies already put in place.
Be a friend who listens.
Depression is a common illness, both silent and at times unrecognized and plagues millions worldwide. The Global Change Data Lab has tallied approximately 792 million documented cases in Our World Data Project.
Globally, the World Health Organization has pinned more than 264 million people of all ages to suffer from depression currently. Between 76% to 85% of individuals in low and middle-income countries get no treatment despite its availability in most public resources.
The most resource-friendly way to keep anxiety away is to become a willing friend to others and allow others to be the same. Proper support systems promote healthy communications that channel the bad vibes out. If the burden is too much, never shy away from seeking professional help.
Oral health promotes optimal health.
In the Middle Ages, civilizations built moats around their castles and entrances to keep enemies at bay. The same holds with your mouth. The mouth serves as the entrance to the digestive and the respiratory tract. Improper care for this entrance can trigger bacteria’s growth, which could lead to oral infections such as tooth decay to gum disease.
Complications of oral disease can be aggravated further and linked to endocarditis or the infection of the heart’s inner chambers, pneumonia or the infection of the lungs, and other cardiovascular ailments.
A person who feels that they have neglected their responsibility in keeping their oral hygiene in check should immediately consult a dentist so that they may fit you with the proper set of orthodontics for your needs.
New trends tend to overshadow previous ones, and somehow the fad, the diet you have been following before, might not sit well in current trends. In the next new trendy wellness craze, you ought to be more confident because you now have a metric to elevate your decision-making and rule out nuances.<|endoftext|>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Pressed wood products such as particle board are the main source of irritating formaldehyde fumes in trailers used to house disaster victims, according to a U.S. government report to be released on Wednesday.
Such temporary housing should be designed with better ventilation, the report from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests, and current health and safety standards may not be enough to protect people.
“Even though construction materials meet standards ... you have to be a little bit careful about how you use those construction materials. You could end up fostering high levels of formaldehyde,” said CDC spokesman Glen Nowak in a telephone interview.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency said 15,000 people displaced by hurricanes Katrina and Rita along the U.S. Gulf Coast in 2005 are still living in such trailers.
FEMA spokesman James Kaplan said a few dozen mobile homes were being sent to people displaced by flooding in Iowa, but they had been tested for low formaldehyde levels.
The CDC contracted with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California to cut open several trailers and measure concentrations of formaldehyde and other irritating chemicals known as volatile organic compounds.
“We refer to it internally as the chain saw study,” Nowak said. “We went beyond formaldehyde and looked at levels of other volatile organic compounds.
Unsurprisingly, they found that processed wood products such as particleboard and plywood were the main source of formaldehyde. They did not find other chemicals at significant levels.
Formaldehyde, used to manufacture many building materials, can irritate the skin, eyes, nose and throat. High exposure levels may cause cancer.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development identified particleboard and plywood as one of the largest sources of formaldehyde emissions in 1985 and set standards for manufactured homes to limit them.
Nowak said all the relevant agencies would meet to discuss what to do.
“It has implications for FEMA as FEMA looks at emergency housing. One of the factors they need to consider is indoor air quality and the construction materials used in the ventilation systems,” Nowak said.
An earlier CDC study showed average formaldehyde levels in trailers and mobile homes was about 77 parts per billion — high enough to raise the odds of cancer and respiratory diseases.
The Manufactured Housing Institute said gypsum board was now used in 95 percent of walls and ceilings in manufactured housing.
Michael McGeehin, director of the Division of Environmental Health Hazards at CDC, said the findings only applied to trailers distributed by FEMA in the Gulf Coast Region.
“However, taken together, the two studies indicate that manufacturers of travel trailers and the government agencies that influence their design, should consider using construction materials that emit lower levels of formaldehyde as well as designs that increase outside air ventilation,” McGeehin said in a statement.
The U.S. House of Representatives Oversight and Government Reform Committee plans a hearing on the issue next Wednesday.
Editing Alan Elsner and Will Dunham<|endoftext|>Hazret-i Ömer'in Ebu Hüreyre'yi yanlış rivayetlerde bulunuyor diye dövdüğü; hatta Hazret-i Ömer vefat ettikten sonra Ebu Hüreyre''nin "Ömer yaşarken böyle rivayette bulunamazdım" dediği ve ayrıca Hazret-i Âişe'nin Ebu Hüreyre'ye kezzab (çok yalancı) dediği doğru mudur?
“Gayrımüslimlerin inancına da saygı duymak gerekir" ifadesi dinen mahzurlu mudur?
Yemin bozulmadan da yemin keffareti verilebilir mi? Bir kimse “Ben bu kızla evlenirsem nikâhım boş olsun” veya “Bu kızla evlenirsem ve ailemle iyi geçinmezse yemin ederim boşarım” derse, kefaret verip bu kızla evlenebilir mi?
Hazret-i Muhammed aleyhisselâm aleyhinde neşriyat yapanlar, bu film ve yazıları neşreden siteler hakkında nasıl davranmak gerekir?
Bir adamın kendisinden önce vefat eden oğlunun zevcesi ile bir erkek ve iki kız çocuğu; ayrıca yine kendisinden önce vefat eden kızının bir oğlu kalmıştır. Gelin ve torunlar dedelerinden miras alabilir mi?
Fâsık imamın arkasında namaz kılmak sahih midir?
Müceddid olan âlim, mezhepte mi, yoksa meselede müctehid midir?
İtikadnâme’de “Melekler cisimdir; feylesoflarin sandığı gibi maddesiz de değildir” yazıyor. Mektubat-ı Rabbânî’de de “Melekler şahadet âlemindendir; yani madde ve ölçü âlemindendir” diyor. Başka yerde ise “Melekler nurdan yaratılmıştır… Işık, madde değildir” yazıyor. Bazıları da melekler maddeden yaratılmamıştır diyor. Bunun doğrusu nasıldır?
Uzun yıllardır kullanılmayan ve korunmayan bir ev vardır. Camları ve kapıları kırık; yıkılmak üzeredir. Bu evden bardak veya eski bir dolap almak caiz midir?
Bazıları ikindi ve yatsının gayri müekked olan sünnetleri için, Resulullah bazen terk ettiği için terk etmek de sünnettir diyor. Doğru mudur?
Amerika’da yaşayan uzak bir akrabamız orada vefat etti. Oğlu yakılacağını bildirmiş. Kendisine neden yakılmaması gerektiğini ve yapılması icab edenleri nasıl bildirebiliriz?
Kurbanlar kesildikten sonra veya hacılar Arafat vakfesini yaptıktan sonra bu günün yanlış olduğu anlaşılsa, kurban ve haccın vaziyeti ne olur?
Bazı Afrika ve Arab memleketlerinde kadın sünneti adında bir gelenek vardır. Bunun şer’î hükmü nedir?
Bir kimsenin evlendiği yer vatan-ı aslî olmaktadır. Burada evlenmekten kasıt, nikâh akdi midir, zifaf mıdır?
Nisab mikdarı (20 miskal, yani 96 gr altın) parası olmayan bir kimse, kurban kesmek isterse, bu kesilen kurban adak mı olur?
Guslde 3 kereden fazla su dökmenin mahzuru var mıdır?
İslâmî bir sistemde, talâk ile alâkalı kararı kadı mı, yoksa müftü mü verir? Bunlara talâkı işiten şâhidler müracaat etse ne olur?
Bir kimsenin, su aramak için başka birini göndermiş olması, bizzat kendisinin araması gibi kâfî gelir mi?
Elleri, bileklerinden kesik olan bir kimse; teyemmüm esnasında kollarını mesheder mi?
Kolları, dirsekten yukarıdan kesilmiş olan bir kimse, teyemmüm esnasında, geri kalan kısma mesh edecek mi?
Teyemmümde avuç içi toprağa vurulduğu için, kolları mesh ederken avuçlar da mesholunur mu?
Bir kimse, ezberinden veya yüzünden Kur an-ı kerim okumak, kabirleri ziyaret etmek, ölü defnetmek, ezan veya kamet okumak, mescide girmek veya [abdesti bozulan kimse için mescidden] çıkmak veya mushafa el sürmek gibi şeylerden birine niyyet ederek teyemmüm yapmış olsa, o teyemmümle namaz da kılabilir mi?
Uyuyan birini namaza kaldırmamak günah mıdır?
Gadîr-i Hûm hutbesi ile alâkalı olarak Ehl-i sünnet kaynakları ne söylemektedir?
Birinci rekatte Nas suresinin ilk 3 ayeti, ikinci rekatte de son 3 âyeti okunsa câiz olur mu?
Geçen sene kurban bayramında İstanbul'daki kardeşim bayram kurbanını almak ve kesmek üzere beni kendisine umumi vekil tayin etti ve kurban bedelini de peşinen verdi. Fakat ben ehemmiyetsiz bazı sebeplerden kardeşimin kurbanını alıp da kesemedim. Utandığımdan kardeşime de vaziyeti bildiremedim. Şimdi ne yapmam gerekiyor?
Bulduğu su ikisine de yetmeyecek kadarsa, teyemmüm edebilir mi?
Hem abdest almaya hem de gusletmeye yetecek kadar su bulan bir kimse, teyemmüm edebilir mi?
Arkadaşlarla hülle meselesi hakkında konuşuyorduk. Birimiz "Hülle meselesi de nerden çıktı? Yoksa bir sıkıntın mı var" diye takıldı. Diğeri de "Ya ne demezsin! Hanıma 3 defa boş ol dedim. Şimdi çıkış yolu arıyorum" diye şaka yaptı. Sonra da telaşlandı. Hanımına böyle bir şey söylemediğini söyledi. Bunun hükmü nedir?
Salih kişi kimdir?
Ezan okurken parmakları kulaklara koymakla elleri koymak arasında bir fark var mıdır?
İlk minare yapılırken sabah ezanından önce salât verdirilmesinin sebebi nedir?
Bir ilmihalde Ezanın ayakta okunması tevâtür ile anlaşılmıştır deniyor. Tevâtür ne demektir?
Bir namaz kitabında Allahü teâlâ ve melekler ve her canlı, insanlara iyilik öğreten müslümanlara salât ederler hadis-i şerifinde geçen salât kelimesine dua mânâsı verilmiş. Allahü teâlâ dua etmeyeceğine göre, bu ifadeyi nasıl değerlendirmek lâzımdır?
Namaza dair bir kitapta Allahü teâlânın sıfatları vardır. Ve zâtından ayrıdır diyor. Bu ifade doğru mudur?
Ayaklarımdan birisi bir hastalık sebebiyle sargıda. Sargılı olan ayağımı sargı üzerinden mesh ettim. Sağlam olan ayağımı yıkadım. Bundan sonra da her iki ayağıma mestlerimi giydim. Abdestim bozulunca mestlerime mesh etmem caiz olur mu?
Bir ilmihalde şöyle diyor: Mâlikîde mest üzerine mesh müddeti sonsuzdur. Mest üzerine, birinci abdest bozulmadan önce, ikinci bir mest, çizme, plâstik, naylon, lâstik ayakkabı giyse, dıştaki su geçirmezse, bunun üzerine mesh edebilir. Suyu çok geçirirse yine edebilir. Çünki, içteki ıslanarak, içtekine mesh etmiş olur. Bundan Mâlikî mezhebinde deri mest üzerine giyilen ve deri olmayan bir mest üzerine mesh edileceği mânâsı çıkmıyor mu?
Ayak parmaklarından ne kadarı yaradılışta mevcut olmalı ki mesh yerinden farz olan miktar tahakkuk etsin?
Müşterek menfaatimiz icabı olan bir işi takip eden arkadaşım, sonra benden ücret talep etti. Böyle bir hakkı var mıdır?<|endoftext|>To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser.
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An evolutionary lineage is a sequence of species, that form a line of descent, each new species the direct result of speciation from an immediate ancestral species. Lineages are subsets of the evolutionary tree of life. Lineages are often determined by the techniques of molecular systematics.
Additional recommended knowledge
Phylogenetic representation of lineages
Lineages are typically visualized as subsets of a phylogenetic tree. For example, the tree in Figure 1 shows the separation of life into three ancient lineages: bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Thus a lineage is a single branch of the tree. Phylogenetic trees are typically created from DNA, RNA or protein sequence data. Sequences from different individuals are collected and their similarity is quantified. Mathematical procedures are used to cluster individuals by similarity.
Just as a map is a scaled approximation of true geography, a phylogenetic tree is an approximation of the true complete evolutionary relationships. For example, in Figure 1, the entire lineage of animals has been collapsed to a single branch of the tree. However, this is merely a limitation of rendering space. In theory, a true and complete tree for all living organisms or for any DNA sequence could be generated.
|This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Lineage_(evolution)". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.|<|endoftext|>July 16, 2019 – One day, you see a forecast calling for sun, so you don’t bother to pack an umbrella. But just your luck: Clouds tumble in and suddenly you’re stuck in a rainstorm. Now you’re soaking and looking for someone to blame.
In this case, you’ve experienced the variability of weather. Weather is the mix of events that happen every day in our atmosphere. Meteorologists develop models to forecast atmospheric conditions based on past data. But weather isn’t the same
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می کنند تا به شیوه ای خاص به مشکلات بلژیک و جهان بپردازند.<|endoftext|>Tepedeki Şato’nun kontu tarafından çağırtılan genç bir kadastrocu, gecenin bir vakti karlarla kaplı, isimsiz bir köye varır. Gizemli Şato’nun sakinleri aynı zamanda köyü yöneten kuralcı memurlardan oluşmaktadır. Kadastrocu K’nın tek istediği işini yapabilmektedir ama daha ne olduğunu anlayamadan, kendini anlamsız bir bürokrasinin, çıkışsız bir labirentin içinde buluverir. Şato’da Kafkaesk kâbusun konusu, “ulaşamama hali”dir. K. sürekli Şato’ya gitmeye çalışır ve her defasında, ya köylülerle ya da memurlarla karşı karşıya gelir. Var olmanın ve her türlü otoritenin dayanılmaz ağırlığını hayatı boyunca içinde bir pranga gibi taşımış olan Kafka, otoriteyle bireyler arasındaki güç çatışmasını Şato’da bir kez daha gözler önüne serer ve “ölümsüz eser” tanımını sonuna kadar hak eder.
Franz Kafka, 1917’nin sonlarından 1919 Haziran’ına dek günlük tutmayı bırakmış, dört yapraklı defterler kullanmaya başlamıştır. Max Brod, 1948’de Kafka’nın Günlükler’ini yayımladığında bu defterleri Günlükler’e dâhil etmemiş, dolayısıyla bu defterlerin varlığı çok az kişi tarafından bilinmiştir.
Mavi Oktav Defterleri, Kafka’nın ruh halinden payını alan, öykülerden, fragmanlardan, kısa günlük kayıtlarından ve aforizmalardan oluşan gizli bir hazinedir. Franz Kafka’yı ve eserlerini daha iyi anlamak için başvurabileceğiniz en önemli kaynaklardan bir tanesidir.
Kafka belki de edebiyatımızın kâhinidir. Korku Çağı’nın adalet anlayışını, adalet eliyle uygulanan baskıyı ve faşizmi ilk sezen ve bunu edebiyata ilk aktarandır. Ortada bir suçlu vardır, ama suçun ne olduğu belli değildir. İnsan bilmediği ve işlemediği bir suçla çepeçevre sarılmıştır. Kendi suçunu kendisinin bulması istenmektedir. Kuşatılmış ve çaresiz bırakılmış yirminci yüzyıl insanı sizce de yirmi birinci yüzyılda hâlâ aynı şekilde bireysel ve toplumsal bir işkence sarmalının içinde kendine bir hava boşluğu aramıyor mu? Dava’yı okumak ve anlamak hem geçen yüzyılı hem de günümüzü anlamak olacaktır belki de.
Güvenin Ölümü, Virginia Woolf’un dilimize ilk kez çevrilen denemelerinden oluşmaktadır. Bu metinler yazarın sanattan edebiyata, yazarlardan dostlarına kadar uzanan engin ve eşsiz düşüncelerini bir araya getiriyor. Olaylara ve insanlara bakışındaki tedirginlik ve eleştirel yaklaşımıyla, Virginia Woolf sevgili okurlarını keyifli bir yolculuğa davet ediyor.
Liffey Nehri gürül gürül akıyor, Finnegan ikinci defa uyanıyor... Okurlarımızın sabırsızlıkla beklediği “Finneganın Vahı”nın ikinci kitabını sunmaktan büyük bir heyacan duyuyoruz. Yaratıcılığı ve edebiyatın varabileceği sınırları çağının fazlasıyla ötesinde bir poetikayla sunan Joyce'un evrenine tüm okurları ikinci defa davet ediyoruz. “Finneganın Vahı” tam anlamıyla edebî bir şölen.
Hayatı Her Gün Yeni Baştan Keşfetmek, Aristoteles’in tüm eserlerinden özenle derlenmiş bir seçkidir.
“Hoşgörü ve ilgisizlik ölmekte olan bir toplumun son erdemleridir.”
“Eğer size apaçık bir iyilik yapma niyetiyle yaklaşan bir insan görürseniz, canınız pahasına kaçın.”
“Asil ruhlu bir insan kin tutmaz. Çünkü yüce bir ruhun işareti, yaralarını hatırlaması değil onları unutmasıdır.”
Dünya edebiyatının üzerinde hâlâ en çok konuştuğu ve yeniden yeniden yorumladığı Dönüşüm, modern insanın sistem karşısındaki çaresizliğini dile getiren ve sezen ilk eserdir. Buradaki metaforik dönüşüm, insanın sistem karşısındaki çaresizliğinin ve sıkışmışlığının özetidir. Toplumdaki tüm beklentilerin insanın üzerinde yarattığı baskı giderek bireysel bir faşizme döner, bireyi yavaş yavaş insani olan tüm özeliklerinden uzaklaştırır ve böylece de geriye doğru bir evrim işlemeye başlar.
Dönüşüm, her okuduğunuzda insana ve insanın yarattığı sisteme yeniden ve hayretle bakmanızı sağlayacak, bahçıvanını eğiten bir bahçe gibi sistemin bizi nasıl dönüştürdüğüne şahit olacaksınız.
Baba figürü özellikle Kafka’da birçok mananın toplamıdır. Baba Tanrı’dır, baba Güç’tür, baba Korku’nun Büyüğü’dür. Baba, yaşamı çekilmez kılan ne varsa hepsidir. Babaya Mektup, kendini var ederken yaralar almış, o yaraları sürekli büyütmüş, sonra da o yaraları sarmak isterken içinde yeni yaralar açılmış bir evladın umutsuz çığlığı, yardım dileğidir.
Franz Kafka yalnızca iyi bir romancı değil aynı zamanda iyi bir öykücüydü de. Ceza Sömürgesi adını taşıyan bu derleme ise Kafka’nın, dehasının tamamını Şato ve Dava romanlarına akıtmadığının, öykülerinin aynı derecede olağanüstü olduğunun kanıtıdır. Kâh açlık sanatına kendini adamış bir adamı, kâh birinci ağızdan meraklı bir köpeği, kâh ise isimsiz bir ceza sömürgesindeki işkenceleri anlatır. Bu öyküler sayesinde, dillere pelesenk olmuş “Kafkaesk” sıfatını daha iyi anlama fırsatı bulacak, Franz Kafka’nın gerçeküstücü, tekinsiz, absürt dünyasına adım atacaksınız.
Kafka’nın Milena Jesenská’ya olan aşkı, büyük bir yazarın ve duygu dolu bir insanın beyaz bir kâğıdın önünde nasıl da çırılçıplak ve savunmasız kaldığının en güzel örneğidir. Mektup yazmak hayaletler karşısında savunmasız ve yapayalnız olmaktır en çok da. Belki de mektuplar bize, kavuşmanın her zaman saadet getirmediğini, sevdayı büyüten şeyin ayrılık ve hiç tükenmek bilmeyen bir hasretin sarhoş edici uğultulu sesi olduğunu söylüyordur.
Amerika, Karl Rossmann'ın başına gelen bir talihsizlik sonucunda Avrupa'yı terk etmesiyle başlar. Amerika'ya giden Rossman, başta şansı yaver gitse de, roman boyunca talihsizliklerden kurtulamaz. Gülünç durumlar yaşansa da özünde bir “ne yapacağını bilememe hali” Karl'ı gittiği her yerde adım adım takip eder. Amerika, henüz on altı yaşında, iyimser ve tedirgin Karl'ın kendi yolunu çizme mücadelesidir.
Kafka'nın Amerika'yı hiç görmeden kaleme aldığı bu roman, onun eserleri arasında, belki de en iyimser ve umutlu olanıdır. Metinlerinde genelde kapalı mekân tercih eden Kafka'nın, Amerika romanında daha çok açık mekânlar metne hâkimdir. Fakat bu durum, hem başkahramanımız hem de okurlar için “özgürlüğün kıstırılmışlığı” diyebileceğimiz bir biçim alacaktır.
Tarih boyunca kimi kitaplar dünyayı değiştirdiler. Kendimizi ve birbirimizi görme biçimlerimizi etkileyip tartışma ortamını alevlendirmişlerdir. Muhalif düşünceyi, savaşları ve devrimleri tetiklemiş; insanları aydınlatmış, öfkelendirmiş, kışkırtmış ve teselli etmişlerdir. Yaşamlarımızı zenginleştirmiş ve onları yok etmişlerdir. Melankolinin Anatomisi de bu kitaplardan biri. Bugüne kadar çok az yazar Robert Burton'ınki gibi zincirlerinden kurtulmuş bir üslupla insan doğasının derinliklerine inmeyi göze alabildi. Elinizdeki ikinci fasikül ile melankolinin kökenini ve nedenlerini irdeleyen Burton, sizi keşfetmenin büyüsüne davet ediyor."
Modernist edebiyatın öncü yapıtlarından olan ve karakterlerinin iç dünyalarını keşfe çıkan eşsiz bir bilinç akışı tekniğine sahip Deniz Feneri yirminci yüzyılın en büyük edebi başarılarından biri olarak kabul edilir. Bir aile tatilinin canlı, izlenimci bir betimlemesi olarak ele alınabilecek roman, evlilik, ebeveynlik, çocukluk, keder, zulüm ve acı hakkında okuru bir iç hesaplaşmaya sevk eder. Bu psikolojik içe bakışla ele alınan bellek, anılar ve sürekli değişen bakış açıları romana samimi ve şiirsel bir öz verir. Virginia Woolf, 1927'de yayımlanan yapıtıyla Victoria ve Edward dönemi edebî geleneğini reddederken, yitik zamanlara ve aile yaşamına döneminin çok ötesinde bir ağıt yakar.
Gasilhane sahibi, geleneksel bir Şiî aileden gelen genç Cevat, aile geleneğini bir kenara itip heykeltıraş olmaya, ölüm yerine yaşamı yüceltmeye karar verir. Babasının isteklerini hiçe sayarak 1980'lerin sonunda Bağdat Güzel Sanatlar Akademisi'ne yazılır. Fakat Tarih, koşullarını aksi yönde kabul ettirir. Yalnız Nar, çaresiz bir ailenin yaşam mücadelesi aracılığıyla Irak'ın karmaşık ve şiddet dolu yakın tarihini gözler önüne seriyor. Yaşamla ölüm arasındaki sınırların bulanıklaştığı yerlere ve bitmeyen kâbusların derinliklerine inen Sinan Antûn, okurları sade, etkiletici ve alegorik bir hikâyeye davet ediyor.
Kitap Hakkında
“Sinan Antûn bu olağanüstü romanında, 1980’lerin ilk yarısındaki İran savaşına, Kuveyt’in işgalinin ardından patlak veren Körfez Savaşı’na ve son olarak da 2003’teki savaşa tanık olan alelade bir Iraklı adamın yaşadıklarını anlatıyor.”− Three Percent “Sinan Antûn’un romanı acı-tatlı güzelliklerle dolu. Yalnız Nar’ı birikmiş acılardan örülü bir trajedi olarak tanımlayabiliriz, Antûn’un kullandığı üslup −yalın, dolaysız, yoğun bir şiirsellikle dolu− ise yaşamın ve kültürün bir yansıması gibi.”− Minneapolis Star Tribune
“Romanın gücü, karmaşık ve insanî bir savaş ve şiddet hikâyesi anlatmasından ileri geliyor …Yalnız Nar, 2003 sonrası Irak’ın durumunu ve genel olarak savaşların yaşattığı dramı anlamak isteyenler için çok güçlü bir kaynak.”− Kevin Alexander Davis
Ödülleri
Seyf Ğabaş Banipal Edebiyat Ödülü
En İyi Arap-Amerikan Romanı Ödülü
Lagardère & Arap Dünyası Enstitüsü En İyi Roman Ödülü
Uluslararası En İyi Yabancı Kitap Ödülü Adayı
Bruno Schulz 1942 yılında bir Nazi subayı tarafından katledildiğinde dünya edebiyatı bu erken kaybın henüz farkında değildi. Hayatı boyunca, eserleri hakkında çok az konuşuldu, ancak olağanüstü yetenekleri zamanla kendisine uluslararası bir okur kitlesi kazandırdı. Proust ile karşılaştırılıp Kafka'nın Lehçedeki ruh ikizi olarak da anılan Schulz'un öyküleri, yirminci yüzyılın en yetenekli ve etkili yazarlarından birinin gerçeküstücü üslubunu da gözler önüne seriyor. Tarçın Dükkânları, Neşe Taluy Yüce'nin Lehçe aslından yetkin çevirisiyle Türkçede.
"Hayal gücü açısından zengin, dünyevi tutkular açısından duygusal, üslupta zarif, nükteli, gizemli bir estetik bakışla desteklenmiş öyküler."
- J.M. Coetzee
"Schulz kolayca sınıflandırılamaz. Kimi zaman bir gerçeküstücü, bir simgeci, kimi zaman ise bir dışavurumcu, bir modernist olarak adlandırılabilir... Bazen Kafka gibi, bazen Proust gibi yazan Schulz, onların ulaşamadığı derinliklere ulaşmayı başardı."
- Isaac Bashevis Singer "Kitaplarımı her açtığımda, evini nadiren terk eden bu yazarın, kendine özgü bir dünyayı ve gerçekliğin alternatif bir boyutunu nasıl yarattığını yeniden keşfetmek beni hayrete düşürüyor."
- David Grossman
Babası tarafından hasta olduğuna inandırılıp karanlık bir odada, güneşten, açık havadan uzak yaşamaya mahkûm edilen Elizabeth Barrett, Victoria Dönemi’nin en ünlü şairlerinden biriydi.
Robert Browning’le olan aşkları ve kendi hayatlarını kurmak üzere Floransa’ya kaçışları, Avrupa edebiyat dünyası için hâlâ ilgi çekici, destansı bir başlıktır.
Barrett ve Browning’in mektupları Virginia Woolf’un eline geçtiğinde, muhtemelen herkes gibi o da hayranı olduğu Elizabeth Barrett’ı merkeze alan bir metin yaratacağını düşünmüştü. Fakat rivayete göre, Barrett’ın köpeği Flush hakkında yazdıklarını o kadar etkileyici bulmuştu ki hikâyeyi onun üzerine kurgulamaktan kendini alamadı.
Flush, bugüne dek sessiz kalan dostlara söz hakkı vererek aşkı, mutluluğu, mutsuzluğu ve hatta aristokrasiyi, sınıfsal farklılıkları, kısacası dünya düzenini onların gözünden anlatan, benzerine az rastlanır bir roman.
Babası tarafından hasta olduğuna inandırılıp karanlık bir odada, güneşten, açık havadan uzak yaşamaya mahkûm edilen Elizabeth Barrett, Victoria Dönemi’nin en ünlü şairlerinden biriydi. Robert Browning’le olan aşkları ve kendi hayatlarını kurmak üzere Floransa’ya kaçışları, Avrupa edebiyat dünyası için hâlâ ilgi çekici, destansı bir başlıktır.
Tıpkı bu kurgusal biyografinin aslında hiç var olmamış başkarakteri Orlando gibi, çoğumuz da aynı sorunun etrafında pervane gibi dönüp durmaktayız: Biz kimiz ve aslında kim olmak istiyoruz? Giymemizin uygun görüldüğü kıyafetler, bizi tanımlamaya yeter mi? Peki, ya kadın ve erkek olarak kabaca sınıflandırılmış cinsiyetler, hislere de dişi ya da eril sınırlar çizmek için yeterli mi?
Orlando, erkek cinsiyetiyle doğduğu ve asırlarca süren yaşamında, bir sabah güne kadın olarak uyandı. Virginia Woolf’un en aykırı ve en yaratıcı eserlerinden biri olan Orlando’nun fısıldadığı muazzam gerçekler de bu uyanışla dillendirilmeye başladı. Sayfalar birbiri ardına devrilip giderken okur, “Orlando, o derin uykudan uyandı mı gerçekten?” diye soracak olursa, Woolf’un sözleri aydınlatsın yolunu: “Hayat bir rüyadır. Uyanmak bizi öldürür.”
2000 yılında 106 yaşında aramızdan ayrılan Arjantinli yazar Juan Filloy nihayet Türkçede! 1934 yılında yayımlanan romanı Op Oloop, Buenos Aires'te yaşayan Fin istatistikçi Optimus Oloop'un sıradışı bir gününe odaklanıyor. Yaşamını da mesleğinde olduğu gibi ölçerek yaşamaya alışmış kahramanın sıradan bir günü başına gelen bir trafik kazasıyla altüst olur. Filloy'un düzmece dili, Optimus Oloop'un ruhsal çöküşüne giden yolu an be an döşer. Ruhun felsefecisi bir yazardan, çağına olağanüstü bir bakış.
Juan Filloy, Shakespeare ve Max Ernst'in bildiği gibi mizah her yeri istila etmiş durumda.
- Julio Cortázar
“Biz Arjantinliler gerçek mizahçılarımızın sonuncusu olan Juan Filloy’u da kaybettik. Filloy, ruhun filozofuydu; 3 asra da tanıklık etmiş bir adamdı o, çünkü zamanın akıntısına kapılmadan nasıl yaşayacağını hep bilmişti.”
- Luisa Valenzuela
"Filloy, son zamanlarda genç yazar ve eleştirmenlerce yeniden keşfedildi. Bu yazar ve eleştirmenler, onu Jorge Luis Borges’le, hatta Balzac’la karşılaştırıyorlar… Freud Op Oloop’u o kadar çok sevmişti ki Filloy’a bir tebrik mektubu göndermişti.”
- The Telegraph
“Henry Miller ve Céline'in gösterdikleri üzere, özgürlüğü kullanmak önemli bir meseledir ve bir başka önemli mesele de Filloy'un bunu onlardan önce gerçekleştirmiş olmasıdır.”
- Bernardo Verbitsky
Aforizmalar, Franz Kafka’nın tüm eserlerinden özenle derlenmiş bir seçkidir.
“Sahip olmayıp ihtiyaç duymaktansa, ihtiyaç duymayıp sahip olmak daha iyidir.”
“Bir varış noktası var ama ortalıkta yol yok. Biz yol diye kastettiğimiz şey tereddüttür.”
“Hayatın anlamı, bir gün sona erecek olmasıdır.”
“Parmaklıklarımı içimde taşıyorum ben.”
Gürcistan, yıl 1900:
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than the English courts.
If you have any questions on this article please contact us.
Andreas Schütz looks at image rights from an Austrian perspective, illustrating that foreign courts may well be less willing to make findings of product endorsement.
"As we know, everyone with a little technical know-how can publish, copy, broadcast, adapt or provide content online nowadays."<|endoftext|>Hem eşinden hem de babasından çift emekli maaşı alan kişiler için sigortalılık statüsü kadar ölüm tarihi de kritik önem taşıyor. Eğer ölüm tarihlerine dikkat etmezseniz, küçük bir hatayla geçmişe dönük onbinlerce liralık borç kapınızı çalabilir.
SORU:Kayınvalidem babasından Bağ-Kur, kayınpederimden de emekli sandığından maaş almaktaydı. Ancak Bağ-Kur maaşı geçen ay kesildi. Gelen kağıtta -30.000 yazıyor. Bildiğim kadarıyla 2008 öncesi maaş bağlandığı için hak sahibi. Ancak yaptığımız araştırmada 30.000 TL borç çıkacağı bilgisini aldık. Bir dilekçeyle çözebilir miyiz? (Yavuz Doğru)
CEVAP: Eğer kayınvalidenizin babasının ölüm tarihi 04.10.2000 ila 07.08.2001 arası ve 02.08.2003 ila 30.09.2008 arasında ise kayınvalideniz her iki aylığı da birlikte alabilir. Ancak kayınpederinizin ölüm tarihi 01.10.1972 ila 03.10.2000 arası ve 08.08.2001 ila 02.08.2003 arasında ise kayınvalideniz ancak toplam geliri brüt asgari ücretin altındaysa iki aylığı birden alabilir. Hatalı bir işlem varsa dilekçeyle itiraz edebilirsiniz.
4/a'da kalırsa 49 yaşında emekli olur
SORU: Babam 1965 doğumlu. 01.07.1985'ten 60 günlük SSK primi var. 01.01.1998'den itibaren 5.145 gün tarım ve esnaf Bağ-Kur primi var. 14.04.2012'de tekrar SSK'ya geçti ve o günden sonra da 1.124 gün prim yatırdı. SSK'dan emekli olması için kaç gün daha prim yatırması gerekir? (Adem Yavuz)
CEVAP: Babanız 4/a'lı yani SSK'lı olarak 20.10.2015 tarihinde emekli olabilir. Bugünden sonra 4/a'lı olarak devam etmelidir. Emeklilik için 49 yaş, 25 yıl sigortalılık ve 5.300 gün prim ödeme koşullarına tabi. 4/a'lı olarak prim ödemeye devam ederse 20.10.2015'te SSK'lı olarak emekli olabilir.
Ölüm aylığını etkilemez
SORU: Eşim 2008'de emekli oldu, 2012'de vefat etti, esimden ölüm aylığı alıyorum. Kendim de isteğe bağlı sigortamı ödüyorum, 7 senem var daha. Kendi emekli maaşımın da tamamını alabilmem mümkün olur mu?
CEVAP: Ölüm aylığı alırken en önemli nokta ölen kişinin ölüm tarihi ve sigortalılık statüsü. Eşiniz muhtemelen 4/a'lıydı yani SSK'lıydı. Bu durumda sizin emekli olmanız ve emekli maaşı almanız ölüm aylığına herhangi bir etki etmez.<|endoftext|>Az ama öz: 5 kolay adımda kapsül gardırobunuz
Kıyafet koleksiyonunuzu 50'den az parçaya düşürmek size neredeyse imkansız gelebilir ama göründüğü kadar zor değil. Hatta biz bunu 5 kolay adımda yapmak için bir yol bulduk! Eğer kapsül gardırobunuzu yapmaya nasıl başlayacağınızı merak ediyorsanız okumaya devam edin.
Kapsül gardırop nedir?
1970'lerde tasarımcı Susie Faux tarafından ortaya çıkarılan kapsül gardırop, birbiriyle değiştirilebilir esas parçaların oluşturduğu eşleşmiş bir koleksiyondur. Diğer bir deyişle 50'den az parçadan oluşan, hepsi birbiriyle eşleşerek giyilebilen kombinlerden oluşan minimalist bir gardıroptur. Kulağa güzel geliyor mu? İşte koleksiyonunuzu kapsül gardıroba dönüştürmek için 5 adımlık basit rehberimiz.
1. Adım: Stilinizi belirleyin
Kapsül gardırop sizinle başlayıp sizinle bittiği için öncelikle genel olarak ihtiyacınız olan kıyafetleri sınıflandırın. Ofiste mi çalışıyorsunuz? Evde? Resmi durumlarda? Bir kategori listesi hazırlayın. Mesela:
- Ofis
- Hafta sonu/Park
- Akşam yemeği/kokteyl
Sonra, her bir kategori için stil eşleşmelerini belirlerken karar ağacımızı takip edin.
Stil modülleri yaratmak için ikisini kombinleyin. Mesela:
- Ofis - Klasik ve zarif
- Hafta sonu/Park - klasik ve zarif
- Akşam yemeği/Kokteyl - kesin ve trend
Bunlar yeni minimalist kapsül gardırobunuzun yapı taşları.
2. Adım: Kıyafetlerinizi azaltın
Kapsül gardırobunuzu tasarlamaya başlamadan önce nelere sahip olduğunuzu incelemeniz lazım. İşte nasıl yapacağınız:
Görsel olun
Bütün dolabınızı yatağın üstünde görebileceğinizi bir yere boşaltın.
Kategorize edin
Her şeyi 5 kategoriye ayırın:
- Üstler
- Altlar
- Dış giyim
- Ayakkabılar
- Çantalar/aksesuarlar
Azaltın
Sizi mutlu etmeyen her şeyi bağışlayın! Emin olmadığınız parçaları 6 ay boyunca saklayın. Eğer onları da istemiyorsanız bağışlayın.
Sınıflandırın ve yerleştirin
Kalan kıyafetleri sezonlara göre ayırın ve sezonsuz kıyafetleri yerleştirin. Sezonlara göre sıralama daha sonraki görevimiz olacak.
3. Adım Favorinizi bulun
Geri kalan kıyafetlerinizi 1. adımdaki modüllere göre sınıflandırın. En önemli modülle başlayarak favori parçanızı seçin ve kapsül gardırobunuzu onun etrafıda inşa edin. Kendinizi sınırlandırmayın - parlak desenli bluzlar ağırbaşlı pantolonlar kadar iş görür.
4. Adım: Bölün ve fethedin
Favori parçanızla başlyarak ilk modülünüzü 6 kapsül gardırop
- Bir dış parça
- 3 üst giyim
- 2 alt giyim
İşte zor kısım: bütün parçalar (favori parçanız dahil) birbirleriyle iyi kombinlenmeliler. Eğer bunu iyi becerebilirseniz 6 parçalık modülünüz 12 tane kombin yaratacak.
Diğer modüllerde de aynı adımları takip edin. Parçaların sadece kendi içinde değil, aynı zamanda diğer modüllerle de iyi eşleştiğine emin olun. Modüller arası ne kadar çok eşleşme yapabilirseniz, seçimleriniz o kadar geniş olacak. Mesela 3 modül arasında bütün parçaları eşleştirmeyi başarabilirseniz 18 parçadan 216 kombin yaratabileceksiniz!
Önerimiz:
Kapsül koleksiyonunuza nötr basicleri dahil etmek her zaman iyi bir fikir: beyaz gömlek, kot pantolon, kot ceket, düz siyah tişört ve daha niceleri.
5. Adım Boşlukları doldurun, keyfini çıkartın
Henüz yeri olmayan parçalara bakın - elbiseler, eşarplar, şapkalar, çantalar, ayakkabılar - ve kapsül gardırobunuza tamamlayıcı olanları seçin. Onları beraber deneyin ve en iyi görünenleri seçin. Herhangi bir boşluk mu görüyorsunuz? Bir liste hazırlayın ve alışverişe çıkın. Sürdürülebilirliği ve kaliteyi dikkate almayı unutmayın. Yavaş moda markalarına ve ikinci el mağazalara bakın.
İlk sefer için kapsül gardırop önerileri
- Bir kapsül kataloğu yaratın: Giydiğiniz kıyafetlerin fotoğraflarını çekin ve kapsül gardırop ilhamı için onları telefonunuzda belirli bir albüme kaydedin.
- Bu yolculuğun bir parçası olan hataları kabul edin. Asla giymediğiniz kıyafetleri bağışlarken kötü hissetmeyin. Onlar, size bir ders verdi ve stilinizi tanımlamanıza yardım etti.
- Her zaman kapsül gardırop sürecini tekrar edin. Zamanla pratik yaptıkça stilinize daha uyumlu hale geleceksiniz.
Image credits
Header image: Shutterstock
Image of a close-up of a woman stacking a pile of jeans: Stocksy
Image of a woman examining blouses in a minimalist wardrobe: Stocksy
Image of a flat-lay of coordinating capsule wardrobe basics: Shutterstock
Image of a woman determining which items work well together in her capsule wardrobe: Stocksy<|endoftext|>你可能读过很多关于空气净化器的好处的文章。你甚至可能考虑过在弗吉尼亚州伍德布里奇的家中安装一个全屋空气净化器。但有一件事阻碍了你:成本。全屋空气净化器的成本高于便携式空气净化器，所以你需要知道它的好处是否值得你花这么多钱。以下是关于全屋空气净化器的三个事实，可以帮助你自己做出决定:
他们更少的破坏性
使用全屋空气净化器是改善室内空气质量最方便的方法之一。它们不需要你摆弄任何电线，也不占用任何架子或地板空间。
相反,推动整体住房改造空气清洁剂集成到您现有的暖通空调系统，这使它们不那么引人注目的便携式模型。此外，一个单一的设备将为您的整个家庭提供更清洁的空气。你不需要在房间之间移动一个单位或清洁多个单位的过滤器。
他们是安全的
一些便携式空气净化器声称通过使用臭氧发生器或离子发生器来净化空气，这些发生器或离子发生器也能产生臭氧。臭氧对你的健康有害。因此，机械空气过滤器，如全屋空气过滤器是更安全的选择。
他们更有效
根据美国环保署的说法，臭氧发生器和电离器也是不那么有效比机械空气过滤方法要好。即使是带有高效微粒空气过滤器的便携式空气净化器——从效果上来说是更好的选择——也只能在有限的空间内清洁空气。
布伦南的暖通空调公司提供全屋空气净化器，可以捕捉并杀死95%的小至0.30微米的病原体。这些清洁剂已经证明对13种病原体有效和一种常见的真菌。
在布伦南的暖通空调，我们希望我们的所有客户对他们选择的暖通空调设备和服务感到自信。乐动南安普顿如果你需要更多的信息来帮助你决定我们是否ldsports体育资讯 是适合你的，请在什么时候给我们打电话703-783-0145．
提供的图片Bigstock<|endoftext|>KIA Cee'd: 6. Assistenza parcheggio intelligente completata
Ultimare il parcheggio seguendo le indicazioni sul display LCD. Se necessario, controllare manualmente il volante e ultimare il parcheggio.
NOTA Il pedale del freno deve essere premuto dal conducente durante il parcheggio.
Il sistema viene disattivato nelle condizioni indicate di seguito:
- Quando si ignora il messaggio di cambio marcia e ci si raggiungono i 150 cm di distanza.
- Quando allo stesso tempo suona la segnalazione acustica sistema di assistenza parcheggio in marcia avanti e retromarcia (distanza dall'oggetto entro i 30 cm: suono continuo).
- Se sono trascorsi 6 minuti dall'attivazione del sistema di assistenza parcheggio intelligente.
- La leva del cambio viene portata in posizione P (parcheggio) o R (retromarcia) durante la ricerca dello spazio di parcheggio.
Leggi anche:
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Fiat Tipo. Sedili
I sedili anteriori possono essere regolati in modo da garantire il massimo comfort degli occupanti. La regolazione del sedile guidatore deve inoltre essere effettuata ricordando che, mantenendo l ...<|endoftext|>به گزارش خبرنگار فرهنگی باشگاه خبرنگاران پویا علی اشرفِ صادقی، استاد گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه تهران در نشست نقد و بررسی کتاب فرائد با رویکرد فرهنگ واژگان دشوار و نوادر قرآن بر پایه ترجمههای کهن که عصر امروز با حضور لسانی فشارکی محقق و پژوهشگر قرآن، فروغ پارسا مسئول گروه پژوهشکده علوم قرآن، فرزاد جعفری، مؤلف اثر و جمعی از اساتید و دانشجویان در پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی برگزار شد، در توضیح این کتاب گفت: کتاب فرائد هم برای محققانی که قصد دارند واژگان نسبتاً دشوار قرآنی را به ذهن بسپارند و فهرستی داشته باشند و نیز برای کسانی که قصد دارند بدانند ایرانیان این واژگان را به چه صورت ترجمه کردهاند، مفید است.
وی با اشاره به اینکه ترجمههایی که در این کتاب انتخاب شده است، همگی از کتابهای معتبر ترجمه کهن مثل ترجمه تفسیر طبری، کشفالاسرار میبدی، روضالجنان ابوالفتوح و … بوده است، افزود: اینها معمولاً معادلهایی دارند که امروز به درد کسی نمیخورد؛ یعنی اگر کسی قصد دارد ترجمه جدیدی از قرآن انجام دهد، برخی از معادلههای مجهول این کتب هیچ گرهای از کار آنکه بتواند نکات ظریفی را در ترجمه کلمات قرآنی به دست دهد، باز نمیکند، اما برای کسانی که قصد دارند به لغات فارسیِ کهن به خصوص در ترجمههای قرآنی دسترسی یابند، مفید است. مؤلف این کتاب از این ترجمههایی که عرض کردم، استفاده کردهاند.
بیشتر بخوانید:
لسانی: ترجمههای فارسی فهم قرآن را ویران کردهاند
عضو پیوسته فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی افزود: ترجمهها گاهی از یکدیگر گرفته شدهاند؛ مثلاً ترجمه ابوالفتوح شاید صد در صد برای خودش نباشد، برای اینکه در این تفاسیری که از آیات ارائه داده است، گاهی کلماتی به کار برده است که در ترجمه نیست؛ به عنوان مثال در جلد سیزدهم ترجمه ابوالفتوح ما به «آواز نرم» بر میخوریم، اما وقتی به بخش تفسیر آن در صفحه ۱۸۹ رجوع میکنیم، «بحران پا» به معنای آواز و صدای پا ترجمه شده است. پس در جایی که آیه را تحتاللفظی ترجمه کرده، «آواز نرم» نوشته است، اما در تفسیر خود «بحران پا» ترجمه کرده است. لذا اگر قصد داریم فهرستی از واژگان کهن به کار رفته در ترجمهها و تفاسیر کهن قرآن به دست بیاوریم، مقداری باید به این وجوه اختلافی توجه شود. یعنی علاوه بر ترجمههای بینالسطری به متن تفسیر هم رجوع شود.
صادقی عدم معیار مناسب برای انتخاب و بعد بررسی واژگان دشوار در کتاب فرائد را از آسیبهای این کتاب معرفی کرد و افزود: منظر و دیدگاه مؤلف در انتخاب واژگان غریب این فرهنگنامه مشخص نبود. برخی واژگان که در این کتاب آورده شده است، مفسران قبلاً توضیحاتی دادهاند. به هر حال کلیت این کتاب همان طور که ابتدا عرض کردم بسیار مفید است و فقط برخی نقدهای جزئی بود که برای اصلاحیههای بعدی خدمت مؤلف گرامی باید مطرح میشد.
در ادامه این نشست فرزاد جعفری به بیان توضیحاتی پیرامون کتاب خود پرداخت و گفت: این کتاب دارای یک کلان ساختار است که به عنوان اسکلت این ساختمان محسوب میشود و واحدهای واژگانی بر این اساس چیده شده است، در این کتاب ۱۵۷۰ واژه وجود دارد که البته در ابتدای کار تعداد واژگان ۲۰۰۰ عدد بود اما در ادامه این تعداد تغییر یافت و به عدد ۱۵۷۰ رسید.
پژوهشگر پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی در ادامه با اشاره به نحوه چیدهمان واژگان کتاب افزود: واژگان موجود در کتاب بر اساس دو اصل دشوار بودن آنها برای مخاطب و کم کاربردی(نادر بودن) آنها مرتب شدهاند، همچنین بحث ریشهشناسی را به صورت کلان ساختار در این واژگان، علاوه بر ترجمهها افزوده شده است، بعد از این نیز فهرست مدخلها و در انتها نیز یک چکیده انگلیسی آمده است.
نویسنده کتاب فرائد تصریح کرد: خرد ساختار این فرهنگ که با هدف آموزشی ـ پژوهشی تهیه شد، اینطور است که ابتدا شامل واژهگانی بوده و ریشه این واژگان شناسایی شد و معنای واژه بر اساس ترجمههای قرآنی و شواهد آیات ارائه شده است، به علاوه ترجمه و توضیحات آن که به زعم خودم فکر میکردم برای زبان شناسان و کسانی که مطالعاتی در زمینه سبک شناسی میکنند مفید باشد.
جعفری با اشاره به نحوه انتخاب مدخلها گفت: انتخاب این مدخلها بر اساس الفب
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shield on the maker's arm.
Five Smooth Stones
David faced Goliath with a slingshot and five smooth stones, according to the Bible's account of the battle. Let your preschoolers decorate rocks to remind them of this part of the story, or help them play a game with their artwork.
Things You'll Need
Smooth stones -- 5 or 6 for each child
Paint smocks or adult T-shirts
Permanent marker (optional)
Permanent craft adhesive or low-temp hot-glue gun and glue sticks (optional)
Most craft stores have bags of smooth river rock for purchase. You can usually find them in the floral department.
Help children don smocks or large tees to protect their clothing. Acrylic paint will usually wash out of most fabric, but it's best to avoid the problem.
Allow children to paint their five rocks with any design they choose. Allow the paint to dry thoroughly between coats and before painting them with acrylic sealer. If you are making the game, give each child a sixth rock - preferably one that is much larger than the others.
To make the game, write a letter from David's name on each of the smaller rocks and a "G" for Goliath on the larger one.
Glue felt circles on the bottom side of the rocks.
To play the game, place the "Goliath" rock inside a marked-off square or circle on the floor. Slide the felted side of the "David" rocks to try to hit the bigger stone and knock it out of the playing field.
Precious Stones Pouch
Cut a large circle of felt for each child and then punch holes around the circle, spaced evenly around the circumference about 1/2 inch from the edge. After children decorate the pouches with markers or paint, let them thread a shoelace through the holes before pulling the ends to gather the bag. Pop the five smooth stones inside and tie the lace in a bow. If you'd rather use yarn than shoelaces, wrap a piece of tape around the ends to make threading the holes easier.
Your preschoolers can act out David's defeat of the giant with their own slingshots and giant-sized marshmallows. You can go for authentic by making the slings from leather, but fabric works fine. In fact, this project is a great way to recycle worn-out denim jeans.
Things You'll Need
Fabric or leather
Shoelaces or cording -- 2 pieces for each sling
Cut a 2 1/2- by 5-inch rectangle from the fabric. With older preschoolers, provide a template cut from an old cereal box or the lid of a plastic container and let them trace and cut the shape for themselves.
Cut off the corners to create an elongated hexagon. Punch a hole in each short side.
Let children thread a shoelace or cord through each hole and tie the ends in double knots. If you want, you can add a drop of permanent craft adhesive or clear nail polish to hold the knots more securely. If you are using cord, each child will need two 8 to 10-inch pieces.
Play the game by putting large marshmallows in the fabric pouch, swinging the sling over your head, and letting go of one of the strings. For little hands, tying a loop in one of the strings that will fit over a finger will help keep the entire sling from flying through the air.
Marshmallows can be a choking hazard, so monitor the children carefully. Giant marshmallows are less likely to cause choking; regular or mini marshmallows won’t fly out of the sling as well, either.
- Slinging.org: Making a Simple Sling: An Illustrated Guide -- Chris Harrison
- Preschool Plan It: David and Goliath Preschool Theme
- DLTK's Growing Together: Men of the Old Testament Pt4: David and Goliath
- Ministry-to-Children: David and Goliath Preschool Lesson
- Living in Lilliput: David & Goliath Marshmallow Slings<|endoftext|>نحوه فعالسازی برنامه Weather گوگل در اندروید
گوگل برنامه Weather را در Play store قرار نداده است. اما باز هم میتوانید با استفاده از برنامه رسمی Google در گوشی اندروید، آن را به صفحه اصلی اضافه کنید. در اینجا نحوه فعالسازی برنامه Weather گوگل در اندروید آمده است.
نحوه فعالسازی برنامه Weather گوگل در اندروید
برنامه Weather گوگل داخل برنامه Google در گوشی اندروید پنهان است. اما با چند ضربه در برنامه Google، می توانید آن را در یکی از صفحه های اصلی خود قرار دهید. برای شروع، برنامه Google را در گوشی اندرویدتان راهاندازی کنید. اگر آن را ندارید، ابتدا آن را دانلود و نصب کنید.
سپس برنامه Google را اجرا کنید. در صفحه اصلی برنامه، روی باکس جستجو در بالا ضربه بزنید.
در باکس جستجو weather را تایپ کنید و آن را از نتایج جستجو انتخاب کنید.
اطلاعات آب و هوای فعلی را خواهید دید. در گوشه سمت راست بالای این کارت هواشناسی، روی منوی سه نقطه ای ضربه بزنید.
در منویی که بعد از زدن روی سه نقطه باز می شود، Add to Home Screen را انتخاب نمایید.
یک پیام با عنوان Add to Home Screen ظاهر می شود. روی آیکون خورشید کوچک در پنجره ظاهرشونده ضربه بزنید و به صفحه اصلی خود در جایی که برنامه آب و هوا را می خواهید بکشید. به جای این کار می توانید روی Add Automatically ضربه بزنید تا اپلیکیشن Weather به صورت خودکار به آخرین صفحه اصلی گوشی اندرویدی شما اضافه شود.
به صفحه اصلی (با کشیدن انگشت به چپ یا راست روی صفحه) و جایی که برنامه را اضافه کرده اید بروید. برنامه Weather را در آن صفحه خواهید دید. روی برنامه ضربه بزنید تا باز شود و اطلاعات آب و هوای فعلی را مشاهده کنید.
برای حذف برنامه از صفحه اصلی، روی آیکون برنامه ضربه بزنید و نگه دارید و Remove را از منو انتخاب کنید.
برنامه Weather از صفحه شما حذف شده است، اما همچنان در برنامه Google در دستگاه اندروید وجود دارد. شما می توانید آن را در هر زمان دوباره اضافه کنید. نحوه فعالسازی برنامه Weather گوگل در اندروید به این ترتیب است.<|endoftext|>一处位于俄罗斯的石油管道 （图片来源：Misha Japaridze/美联社）
国际原油价格在本周继续大幅下跌，不少靠原油出口拉动经济的政权受到重创，其中包括正处于西方国家制裁中的俄罗斯当局。目前美元兑换卢布汇率刷新到了历史新高的４８.５８，俄罗斯经济在明年将难逃衰退的命运。
近日石油输出国家组织（ＯＰＥＣ）拒绝通过减产来稳定油价，并宣布石油生产目标保持在每天３０００万桶不变。ＯＰＥＣ此举导致油价跌至４年新低，目前纽约油价已跌破每桶７０美元。
由于油价跳水带来的外汇收入减少已直接影响到莫斯科政权的统治，俄罗斯总统普京自己也在１１月初承认：“政治构成的要素都反映在油价上。”
据了解，石油占据俄罗斯出口的７０％，２０１４年俄罗斯财政预测中，４８％的财政收入来自油气资源。２０１２年的数据显示，在俄罗斯联邦财政收入中，油气收入占到国内生产总值（ＧＤＰ）的１０.３％，在全部联邦财政收入中所占比例超过５０％。
此前俄罗斯由于入侵乌克兰遭到美国和欧盟国家的制裁，国际资本市场基本对俄罗斯企业关闭，此次油价大跌使得俄罗斯经济更加雪上加霜。
俄罗斯财长谢鲁阿诺夫（Ａｎｔｏｎ Ｓｉｌｕａｎｏｖ）在周一的莫斯科经济论坛上表示：“因为欧美制裁，我们每年损失４００亿美元，而由于油价暴跌了３０％，我们每年的损失在９００亿至１０００亿美元。”
根据摩根士丹利此前的估计，原油价格每跌１０美元，俄罗斯出口将承受３２４亿美元损失，这个数字占到俄罗斯GDP总量的1.6%。如果按照这个比例進行计算，俄罗斯今年的GDP因油价下跌已经缩水4.8%。
谢鲁阿诺夫预测，如果国际油价跌至每桶<|endoftext|>Buldozerler, genellikle inşaat ve tarım sektörlerinde kullanılan ağır iş makineleridir. Büyük ve güçlü yapısıyla dikkat çeken bu makineler, toprak kazma, taşıma ve düzleme gibi işleri kolaylıkla yapabilme yeteneğine sahiptir. Buldozerler, genellikle büyük lastikler veya paletler üzerinde hareket eder ve ön kısmında bulunan kepçe veya bıçak sayesinde toprak veya malzeme taşıma görevini yerine getirir.
Bir buldozerin çalışması için birkaç temel bileşene ihtiyaç vardır. Bunlardan ilki motorudur. Motor, buldozerin güç kaynağıdır ve tüm işlemleri gerçekleştirmek için enerji sağlar. Buldozerin motoru genellikle dizel yakıt ile çalışır ve yakıt sistemi aracılığıyla yakıtı kullanır. Ayrıca motorun soğutulması için bir soğutma sistemi de bulunur.
Bir buldozerin diğer önemli bileşeni ise şasi olarak adlandırılan gövdedir. Şasi, buldozerin dayanıklı yapısını oluşturur ve tüm bileşenleri bir arada tutar. Ayrıca tekerlekler veya paletler, buldozerin hareket etmesini sağlayan mekanizmalardır. Tekerlekli buldozerler, daha hızlı hareket edebilme avantajına sahipken, paletli buldozerler daha ağır işler için daha uygun olabilir.
Buldozerlerin çalışma mekanizması da oldukça önemlidir. Tekerlekler veya paletler sayesinde hareket eden buldozer, kepçe veya bıçak yardımıyla toprak veya malzeme taşır. Kepçe veya bıçak, buldozerin ön kısmında bulunan ve işin yapılmasını sağlayan bir mekanizmadır. Bu mekanizma, toprak kazma, düzleme veya malzeme taşıma gibi işleri kolaylıkla gerçekleştirebilir.
Buldozerler, inşaat sektöründe genellikle altyapı çalışmalarında, yol yapımında ve bina inşaatında kullanılır. Büyük ve ağır yapısı sayesinde zorlu çalışma koşullarında bile etkili bir şekilde kullanılabilirler. Tarım sektöründe ise tarım arazilerinin düzenlenmesi, toprak işleme ve sulama gibi işlerde kullanılırlar. Buldozerler, tarım alanlarında verimliliği artırmak için önemli bir rol oynar.
Buldozerin tanımı
Buldozerler, genellikle inşaat ve tarım sektöründe kullanılan ağır iş makineleridir. Büyük ve güçlü yapılarıyla bilinen bu makineler, toprak, kaya veya diğer malzemeleri taşımak, düzleştirmek veya kazmak için kullanılır. Buldozerler, genellikle paletli veya tekerlekli olabilir ve büyük bir kepçe veya bıçak ile donatılmıştır.
Buldozerlerin kullanım alanları oldukça geniştir. İnşaat sektöründe, arazi düzenlemesi, yol yapımı, temel kazma gibi birçok işlemde kullanılırlar. Ayrıca, tarım sektöründe de tarla düzenlemesi, sulama kanalları açma gibi görevlerde sıkça tercih edilirler. Bunun yanı sıra, madencilik, ormancılık ve çeşitli endüstriyel alanlarda da kullanılmaktadırlar.
Buldozerlerin özellikleri arasında güçlü motorlar, dayanıklı şasiler ve etkileyici taşıma kapasiteleri bulunur. Bu makineler, zorlu çalışma koşullarına dayanacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır ve genellikle ağır yükleri taşıyabilirler. Ayrıca, bazı buldozerlerde hidrolik sistemler ve diğer ileri teknolojik özellikler de bulunabilir.
|Genel Özellikler||Buldozerler|
|Motor Gücü||500 ila 1500 beygir gücü|
|Taşıma Kapasitesi||3 ila 30 ton arası|
|Palet veya Tekerlek Sayısı||Genellikle 2 ila 4|
|Yükseklik||3 ila 5 metre|
Buldozerlerin tanımı, genel olarak bu makinelerin ne olduğunu, kullanım alanlarını ve özelliklerini kapsar. Bu güçlü iş makineleri, inşaat ve tarım sektöründeki birçok görevde kullanılarak çalışma süreçlerini hızlandırır ve kolaylaştırır. Dayanıklı yapıları ve etkileyici taşıma kapasiteleriyle buldozerler, zorlu çalışma koşullarında bile mükemmel performans sergilerler.
Buldozerin bileşenleri
Buldozerin bileşenleri
Bir buldozer, çeşitli temel bileşenlerden oluşur ve her bir bileşenin farklı görevleri vardır. Bu bileşenlerin bir araya gelmesiyle buldozerler, ağır iş makineleri olarak kullanılmaktadır.
İşte buldozerin temel bileşenleri ve görevleri:
- Motor: Buldozerin güç kaynağı olan motor, buldozerin hareket etmesini sağlar. Motor, yakıt sistemi ve soğutma sistemi gibi alt bileşenlerden oluşur.
- Yakıt sistemi: Buldozerin yakıt sistemi, motorun yakıtı doğru şekilde kullanmasını sağlar. Yakıt sistemi, yakıt deposu, enjektörler ve yakıt pompası gibi parçalardan oluşur.
- Soğutma sistemi: Buldozerin motorunun aşırı ısınmasını önlemek için kullanılan bir sistemdir. Soğutma sistemi, radyatör, fan ve termostat gibi bileşenlerden oluşur.
- Şasi: Buldozerin gövdesi ve taşıyıcı yapısıdır. Şasi, diğer bileşenleri destekler ve buldozerin stabilitesini sağlar.
- Tekerlekler veya paletler: Buldozerin hareket etmesini sağlayan sistemdir. Bazı buldozerler tekerleklerle, bazıları ise paletlerle donatılmıştır.
- Kepçe veya bıçak: Buldozerin toprak veya malzeme taşıma görevini yerine getiren bileşendir. Kepçe veya bıçak, buldozerin ön kısmında bulunur ve malzemeyi kazır veya iterek taşır.
Bu bileşenler bir araya gelerek buldozerin çalışmasını sağlar. Her bir bileşenin görevi, buldozerin etkili bir şekilde çalışmasını sağlamaktır.
Motor
Bir buldozerin güç kaynağı olan motor, buldozerin çalışması için gereken enerjiyi sağlar. Motor, içten yanmalı bir motor olarak çalışır ve genellikle dizel yakıt kullanır. Bu motorlar, yüksek güç ve tork üretme kapasitesine sahip olup, ağır işlerde kullanılmak üzere tasarlanmışlardır.
Bir buldozer motorunun temel görevi, tekerlekleri veya paletleri hareket ettirerek buldozerin ilerlemesini sağlamaktır. Motor, yakıtın yanmasıyla oluşan enerjiyi kullanarak tekerlekleri veya paletleri döndürür. Bu sayede buldozer, istenilen yönde hareket edebilir ve çalışma alanında manevra yapabilir.
Buldozerlerde kullanılan motorlar genellikle çok silindirli motorlardır. Bu sayede daha fazla güç üretebilirler. Motorun silindir sayısı, genellikle buldozerin boyutuna ve kullanım amacına bağlı olarak değişir. Daha büyük buldozerlerde daha fazla silindirli motorlar kullanılırken, daha küçük buldozerlerde daha az silindirli motorlar tercih edilebilir.
Bir buldozer motorunun yakıt sistemi, motorun düzgün bir şekilde çalışmasını sağlar. Yakıt, motorun silindirlerine enjekte edilir ve yanma işlemi gerçekleştirilir. Bu işlem sırasında, yakıtın yanmasıyla enerji üretilir ve motorun gücü sağlanır. Yakıt sistemi, yakıtın doğru miktarda ve doğru zamanda motor silindirlerine enjekte edilmesini sağlayarak motorun verimli bir şekilde çalışmasını sağlar.
Bir buldozer motorunun soğutma sistemi, motorun aşırı ısınmasını önler ve motorun verimli bir şekilde çalışmasını sağlar. Soğutma sistemi, motorun içinde oluşan ısıyı dağıtarak motorun soğumasını sağlar. Bu sayede motorun aşırı ısınması ve zarar görmesi önlenir. Soğutma sistemi genellikle su bazlı bir sistemdir ve motorun etrafındaki sıvıyı sirküle ederek ısıyı uzaklaştırır.
Yakıt sistemi
Bir buldozerin yakıt sistemi, motorun çalışması için gereken yakıtı sağlayan ve yakıtın nasıl kullanıldığını kontrol eden bir sistemdir. Buldozerler genellikle dizel yakıt kullanır ve bu yakıt, motorun içinde yanarak gücün oluşmasını sağlar.
Yakıt sistemi genellikle aşağıdaki bileşenlerden oluşur:
- Yakıt deposu: Buldozerin yakıtını depolayan ve besleyen bir tanktır. Yakıt deposu genellikle buldozerin şasi kısmında bulunur ve geniş bir kapasiteye sahiptir.
- Pompalar: Yakıt deposundan motorun yanma odasına yakıtı taşıyan pompalardır. Pompa, yakıtın basınçlı bir şekilde iletilmesini sağlar.
- Enjektörler: Yakıtın motorun yanma odasına püskürtülmesini sağlayan enjektörlerdir. Enjektörler, yakıtı doğru miktarda ve doğru zamanda püskürtmek için hassas bir şekilde çalışır.
- Filtreler: Yakıt sisteminde kullanılan filtreler, yakıtın içindeki kirli partikülleri ve yabancı maddeleri temizler. Bu sayede motorun daha verimli çalışmasını sağlar ve yakıtın temiz olmasını garanti eder.
Bir buldozerin yakıt sistemi, motorun düzgün ve verimli bir şekilde çalışmasını sağlar. Yakıt sistemi, yakıtın motorun içine doğru şekilde taşınmasını ve yanma odasına püskürtülmesini kontrol eder. Aynı zamanda yakıtın temiz olmasını ve motorun performansını etkileyen yabancı maddelerden arındırılmasını sağlar.
Buldozerlerin yakıt sistemi, güvenilir bir şekilde çalışması için düzenli bakım ve temizlik gerektirir. Yakıt filtrelerinin düzenli olarak değiştirilmesi ve yakıt deposunun temiz tutulması önemlidir. Ayrıca, yakıtın doğru türde ve kalitede kullanılması da önemlidir, çünkü yanlış yakıt kullanımı motorun performansını olumsuz etkileyebilir.
Soğutma sistemi
Bir buldozerin motorunun soğutulması için kullanılan sistem, buldozerin performansını ve dayanıklılığını sağlamak için
|
9 | -1 | 3 |
50 درصد جهش کرد.
او امسال بیش از 8 میلیارد دلار سهام در آوریل و تقریباً 7 میلیارد دلار در ماه آگوست فروخت.
مدیرعامل تسلا علاوه بر سرمایهگذاری میلیاردها سرمایه خود برای خصوصی کردن توییتر، به شرکای خود ازجمله سرمایهگذاران سهام بایننس، ران بارون بامکو، اندرسن هوروویتز، مدیرعامل سابق توییتر جک دورسی و شاهزاده الولید بن طلال بن عبدالعزیز عربستان سعودی متکی بود.
در 9 آگوست، ماسک به طرفدارانش گفت که فروش سهام این شرکت برای تأمین مالی خرید احتمالی توییتر تمامشده است.
گفتنی است در مقایسه با نزدک کامپوزیت که تا به امروز حدود 33 درصد کاهش داشته است، سهام تسلا 46 درصد کاهشیافته است و بخش بزرگی از ثروت ماسک را از بین میبرد
بااینحال، طبق گزارش فوربس، او همچنان با ثروت خالص نزدیک به 200 میلیارد دلار، ثروتمندترین فرد جهان است.
در کنفرانسی که هفته گذشته برگزار شد، ماسک به مدیر صندوق سرمایهگذاری ران بارون گفت که حجم کاری او از حدود 78 ساعت در هفته به 120 ساعت افزایشیافته است.
منبع: سی ان بی سی نیوز<|endoftext|>阴道妇科病
⒈阴道炎
阴道炎是由于病原微生物(包括淋病双球菌、霉菌、滴虫等微生物)感染而引起的阴道炎症。阴道炎根据年龄和感染源的不同，可分为老年性阴道炎、滴虫性阴道炎、霉菌性阴道炎、淋病性阴道炎、阿米巴性阴道炎、阴道嗜血杆菌性阴道炎、婴幼儿阴道炎、气肿性阴道炎和非特异性阴道炎。
⒉阴道肿瘤
阴道的恶性肿瘤常常是继发性的，可自子宫颈癌直接蔓延，或来自子宫内膜癌，卵巢癌及绒毛膜癌，另外膀胱、尿道或直肠癌亦常可转移至阴道。原发性阴道恶性肿瘤很罕见，约占女性生殖器官恶性肿瘤的1%。主要是鳞状上皮癌，毛膜上皮癌，其他如腺癌，肉瘤及恶性黑色素瘤更为罕见，不少妇产科医生在医疗实践中，只见过仅有的几例病人，因阴道的继发性癌则较多见，在诊断原发性肿瘤前应考虑及排除继发性阴道癌的可能性。
子宫妇科病
⒈子宫肌瘤
子宫肌瘤是女性生殖系统最常见的良性肿瘤，多发生于35～50岁。据资料统计，35岁以上妇女约20%发生子宫肌瘤，但多数患者因肌瘤小、无症状，临床上报告肌瘤发生率远比其真实的要低。子宫肌瘤症状有月经不调、腹部肿块、压迫症状等，子宫肌瘤常常并发卵管卵巢病变，也极易和子宫体腺癌和子宫颈癌同时存在，在冬季，要多喝开水，保持每天都吃一定量的水果，预防子宫肌瘤。
⒉宫颈糜烂
正常子宫颈表面被一层鳞状上皮所覆盖， 表面光滑，呈粉红色。宫颈深部组织由于感染发生慢性炎症，使表面上皮营养障碍而脱落，上皮的剥托面逐渐被子宫颈管的柱状上皮所覆盖，而柱状上皮很薄，可以透见下方的血管及红色间质，所以表面发红，这就是宫颈糜烂。
⒊宫颈息肉
宫颈息肉是慢性宫颈炎表现的一种，在已婚妇女中比较多见。宫颈息肉是在子宫颈的部位，长出一个或几个带蒂的小疙瘩。小疙瘩的根部多附着在子宫颈外口，只有少数长在子宫颈管内。息肉的形状好像水滴一样，直径一般在1cm以下，蒂细长，颜色鲜红，很软很脆，接触后容易出血。宫颈息肉大多数是慢性宫颈炎的一种表现，是宫颈粘膜在炎症刺激下增生形成的。
⒋宫颈肥大
宫颈肥大是慢性宫颈炎的一种。由于慢性炎症的长期刺激，宫颈组织发生充血、水肿，宫颈腺体及间质增生，腺管受周围增生组织的挤压，使腺体产生的粘液难以排出，而形成潴留囊肿，较表浅的腺体囊肿向宫颈表面突出，很容易观察到，而深部的腺体囊肿常导致宫颈呈不同程度的增粗、变大，一般习惯称之为宫颈肥大。
妇科内分泌
1、无月经
医学术语：闭经，在以下各页中凡涉及到月经期缺失的一概用“闭经”这一名词。
⒉卵巢
月经期依赖卵巢激素的分泌。月经期缺失通常会出现不排卵的情况(卵巢不排放任何的卵细胞)。又叫作是“标准卵巢”。
⒊ 脑垂体
脑垂体可分泌许多激素控制我们的身体功能。这些激素中有三种重要的是与月经机能有关的。它们是促卵泡生产激素(FSH)、促黄体生产激素(LH)和催乳素。通过血液检测可以知道这三种激素的水平。又叫做是“垂体周期和月经周期”。
阴道出血
阴道出血是女性生殖器妇科疾病最常见的症状之一，病因是多方面的，除正常月经之外，当生殖器官发生炎症、病理性妊娠、内分泌疾患、外伤、肿瘤等情况时均可发生阴道出血。所以如果女性朋友出现阴道不正常出血时，应立即到医院检查，查明出血的原因。什么是癫痫小发作呢儿童癫痫早期三大现象青少年患上癫痫有哪些危害<|endoftext|>Research: children's cystic fibrosis
Our team has an active research programme and children are offered the opportunity to take part in research studies whenever possible.
We are part of the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and work closely with colleagues in the adult cystic fibrosis team, and other centres, to improve the treatment of people with lung diseases.
Our particular interests are in the area of lung infection in cystic fibrosis and recent studies include:
- a study to better characterise the complex number of different bacteria that infect the cystic fibrosis airway
- a study to investigate the benefits of the early use of ciprofloxacin at times of colds to try and decrease the occurrence of infection with pseudomonas
- a study to find out whether inhaled nitric oxide (NO) given at the time of acute respiratory exacerbations, increased the effectiveness of IV antibiotics in getting rid of pseudomonas infection
- a study to investigate how copper might have an important role in determining how the antibiotic tobramycin attacks bacteria.
We have also been involved in a number of national studies including:
- the TORPEDO study comparing IV and oral antibiotics for pseudomonas infection
- studies of the new inhaled medicine mannitol to help clear secretions
- the use of other new treatments, including novel molecules to switch back on faulty cystic fibrosis genes.
Future research plans include:
- the development of new techniques for testing antibiotics that have the exciting potential to treat lung infections by removing the thick gloopy material that bacteria make to protect themselves inside the airways
- a study to develop better ways of assessing whether pancreatic enzymes are working
- exploring the use of alternative types of supplements that might be better for cystic fibrosis children.
You can download a list of recent cystic fibrosis publications that the team have contributed to.<|endoftext|>CBUS物业的争议计划河滨公寓塔在布里斯班拥有强劲的早期销售业绩，尽管对城市供过于求有些问题。
443号街的发展吸引了52公寓的买家在周末，价值7300万美元，CBUS物业首席执行官Adrian Pozzo相信，销售剩余的212公寓并无关注。
“我们正在瞄准我们认为没有足够的产品的所有者占用市场，”Pozzo先生说。
“而不是布里斯班的所有者占有者，而是来自州际公路，”他说。
拟议的47层楼塔引起了大量争议，律师事务所艾伦试图扼杀发展的进展。塔楼将阻止布里斯班河的Allens的视野。
昆士兰州大学也采取了法律行动，但后来掉了下降。该项目邻居遗产列出的海关房屋以及一棵大树。
但3.5亿美元的项目已获得批准，并将进行。
销售价格从569,000美元到一卧室公寓，为一间四卧室公寓的300万美元。
周末33个公寓获取了超过100万美元 - 今年布里斯班的任何项目中的大多数项目。
销售代理人Paul Barratt，CBRE表示，相当多的买家已经住在CBD公寓。
“那些买家正在回应搬到新的建筑和设计的机会，提供昆士兰生活方式的光线和空气，而不是空调的盒子，”巴拉特表示。
大多数买家都是布里斯班所有者占用者，州际公路的买家10％。Barratt先生说，几位买家来自附近的公寓塔，在该地区被称为Petrie Bight。
“许多公寓塔楼靠近20岁，面向南方。相比之下，443张皇后街坐落在一个小半岛上，让公寓面对东北部并提供更好的气候。“
本文最初由AFR出版。<|endoftext|>در پی درگذشت «چنگیز جلیلوند» ـ صداپیشه باسابقه ـ شبکه نمایش یاد این هنرمند را گرامی می دارد.
به گزارش پایگاه اطلاع رسانی سیما، شبکه نمایش، ویژه برنامه اختصاصی «سینما و دوبله» که در شبکه نمایش تولید شده است را با اجرای منوچهر والی زاده در دو قسمت روی آنتن می برد.
این برنامه که به مرور فعالیت های هنری جلیلوند خواهد پرداخت، امشب دوشنبه (۳ آذر ماه) ساعت ۲۲:۱۵ و فردا شب سه شنبه (۴ آذر ماه) ساعت ۲۲ به روی آنتن می رود.
همچنین فیلم های سینمایی «اسنیکرز» و «جوزی ولز» که با دوبله این هنرمند انجام شده را به ترتیب سه شنبه ۴ آذرماه ساعت ۲۱ و جمعه ۷ آذرماه ساعت یک بامداد پخش می کند.
جلیلوند در فیلم سینمایی اسنیکرز به جای شخصیت رابرت ردفورد و در فیلم سینمایی جوزی ولز به جای شخصیت کلینت ایستوود گویندگی کرده است.
چنگیز جلیلوند دوم آذرماه به علت ابتلا به ویروس کرونا چشم از جهان فرو بست.<|endoftext|>大三学生申请美国留学全攻略
2015-07-22
1. 先确定去美国读什么专业的硕士学位，从而决定要参加哪一种研究生入学考试。
首先，所有外国学生不论学什么专业都要考IELTS，最低考到6或者6.5分才有申请资格，任何人都不列外。其次，申请美国硕士还要有研究生入学考试成绩，不同的学院要求不同的考试成绩。中国学生一般只参加两种考试：GRE 或GMAT。凡是想读商学院的，要求考GMAT，读文理学院和工学院的，考GRE。
但是有的专业，在不同的学校会设置在不同的系或学院下。如金融工程专业，若设在商学院下，就要考GMAT;若在数学系或工学院下，那就要考GRE，也有可能考GRE和GMAT都行。所以，搞清楚自己学什么专业是大前提。很多学生根本不考虑要申什么专业，看到其他同学们都上GRE班，也就盲目地跟着报名考GRE，等考完了才发现自己应该考GMAT。如果事先了解一下自己所学专业的录取要求，就不会犯这样的错误了。
2. 最晚在大三期间把所有美国大学所要求的考试考完。
不论是考IELTS，还是GRE和GMAT，最晚都要在大三结束时，一般来说，每年最繁忙的申请期是从9月到下一年春节前后。当申请开始时，所有大学都要求提供IELTS和GRE，GMAT成绩，并通过考试机构将分数直接送到所申请的学校。如果递交申请时没有语言成绩，学校是不会审阅你的申请的。而且，没有成绩，也无法给自己定位选校，何况很多好学校申请截止期都比较早，12月至1月期间就停止接受申请了。没有IELTS和GRE/GMAT，自然也就不可能赶上申请一大批截止期早的学校。
所以，最好的安排是GRE和GMAT成绩考得越早越好，甚至大一，大二考完更好。IELTS可以在大三考完。因为GRE和GMAT的成绩都是5年有效，而IELTS成绩是两年有效。澳际留学专家的建议是先攻下GRE/GMAT，同时练习提高着英语听和说的能力，然后再考IELTS。对于那些从一上大学就立志要留美而且知道自己想学什么的大学生来说，大一大二就可以考虑考GRE/GMAT，因为大一大二的课程压力不是很大，相对来说时间充裕一些。<|endoftext|>前年區議會落選的民建聯洪志傑早前提出選舉呈請，質疑票站職員曾要求監票人離開票站，認為選舉過程出現重大不當，要求法庭裁定勝出的李予信非妥為當選，案件今（4日）在高等法院續審。涉案票站的票站主任在盤問下表示，當日投票結束後，他曾着所有人「飲杯茶，一陣返」，當時沒有人要求繼續留下來。
時任東區錦屏選區票站主任張偉祺在盤問下表示，過去曾5次擔任票站職員，其中3次為票站主任。涉案投票於當晚約10時半結束後，他曾着所有人「飲杯茶，一陣返」，當時沒人要求繼續留下；有職員期間提醒可讓監票人留下，他以「係咩」回應。至晚上11時多，有人在票站外聚集，指控張偉祺「唔畀佢哋留」。
李予信的監票人羅晉謙在盤問下表示，當晚投票結束後，他得悉自己「可以離開」票站，加上看到對手的人員離開，遂與另一名監票人離場。羅晉謙說，他當晚11時多返回票站，向票站職員表明身分後，便成功進入票站，當日沒看到或聽到票站主任要求其他監票人離開票站。呈請方其後向羅晉謙播放一段案發影片，當時有人指控票站主任將其他人趕離票站，羅晉謙確認該人為李予信的助選團成員。
同樣有出庭作供的李予信在盤問下表示，當晚與羅晉謙一同返回票站後，看到有人在票站外發生爭執，部分為李予信的支持者，但他不知道發生何事。聆訊明（5日）續。<|endoftext|>Climate change controversies: A Simple Guide
The Royal Society, UK, has produced an overview of the current state of scientific understanding of climate change to help non-experts better understand some of the debates in this complex area of science. It identifies and responds to eight common arguments and sets out where the weight of scientific evidence lies. Examples of the misleading arguments they respond to include ‘The Earth's climate is always changing and this is nothing to do with humans’ and ‘Carbon dioxide only makes up a small part of the atmosphere and so cannot be responsible for global warming’.
Designed for use by the general public, educators will find it an invaluable source of information to help answer questions, for background reading and for preparing activities on climate change.<|endoftext|>Dici Consonno e pensi al fascino del mistero, alla storia di una frazione che ha conosciuto la più luminosa ribalta e la più buia rovina.
La storia è, ormai, arcinota: nel 1962 l'imprenditore milanese Mario Bagno la rilevò e ne fece la Las Vegas italiana, rendendola l'abituale luogo di ritrovo per vip come Pippo Baudo, Milva e Mina, prima che l'alluvione del 1966 ne cancellasse costruzioni e mito.
La morte commerciale arrivò nel 1976, quando una frana ostruì la strada di collegamento da Olginate e la rese praticamente inaccessibile: ad oggi nella frazione è rimasto solo un abitante fis
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و عجیبی وجود دارد که بهتر است بدانید:
آرژانتین با مساحتی حدود ۲۷۸۰۴۰۰ کیلومتر مربع هشتمین کشور بزرگ جهان است.
نام «آرژانتین» از کلمهی لاتین «argentum» گرفته شده که به معنی «نقره» است. مهاجرانی که از اروپا به این کشور آمده بودند، اعتقاد داشتند که این سرزمین پر از نقره است.
آرژانتین به ۲۳ استان و یک شهر مستقل، بوئنوس آیرس، تقسیم میشود. هر کدام از این مناطق با قانون اساسی خود اداره میشوند اما تحت یک نظام فدرال قرار دارند.
کافایت، شهری واقع در مرکز یوالس کالچاکوئیس در استان سالتا آرژانتین است. در ۱۶۸۳ متری از سطح دریا واقع شده است و مرکز گردشگری مهمی برای اکتشاف درههای کالچاکوئیس به حساب میآید. کیفیت شرابهای این منطقه مشهور و مثال زدنی است و گردشگران زیادی به همین علت به این شهر پا میگذارند. عوارض طبیعی ایجاد شده در دره کالچاکوئیس یکی از زیباییهایی است که اشکال مختلفی را خلق کرده است و تمام تلاشتان را برای هر چه بیشتر دیدن و کشف کردن این طبیعت خواهید کرد.
اوسوایا، شهری پر رفت و آمد در آرژانتین است. این شهر در مجمع الجزایر تیرا دل فوگو، جنوبیترین نقطه از آمریکای جنوبی واقع شده است و به آخر دنیا معروف شده است. این شهر که با وزش بادهای مختلف، صیقل یافته و روی یک تپه پر شیب ساخته شده است. شهر با کوههای مارتیال و کانال بیگل احاطه می شود.
این شهر، دروازه سفرهای قطب جنوب و تورهایی است که در نزدیکی Isla Yecapasela قرار گرفتهاند؛ این منطقه به شهر پنگوئنها معروف شده است.
آرژانتین را که سفر کنید، متوجه خواهید شد که برای بازدید این کشور، به روزهای بسیاری نیاز دارید. هر گوشه از شهر، داستانی برای گفتن دارد و شگفتیهایی که خود را ملزم به دیدن و کشف آنها خواهید دانست.
ذخیرهگاه ایبرا، منطقه حفاظت شدهای است که در مرداب وسیع ایبرا و در بخش شمال شرقی آرژانتین قرار گرفته است. این مرداب شامل باتلاقها، لجنزارها، و تالابهایی است که از بخش جنوب غربی شهر ایتوزاینگو تا (Ituzaingo) شهر چاواریا (Chavarria) امتداد یافته است. در کنار تالاب ایبرا، روستای کلونیا کارلوس پلگرینی (Colonia Carlos Pellegrini)، بسیار مشهور است.
این ذخیرهگاه خانه جانوران زیادی مانند تمساحها، گوزنها و صدها گونه پرنده است. همچنین، ایبرا، یکی از مهمترین ذخیرهگاههای آب شیرین در قاره آمریکا و دومین مرداب بزرگ جهان بعد از مرداب پانتانال به حساب میآید.
یخچالهای طبیعی پریتو مورنو، واقع در پارک ملی لاس گلاسیرس (Los Glaciares)، و بخش جنوب غربی سانتا کروز آرژانتین قرار گرفته است و یکی از مهمترین جاذبههای گردشگری پاتاگونیا به حساب میاید. یخچالی به وسعت ۲۵۰ کیلومتر مربع و طولی برابر با ۳۰ کیلومتر، که یکی از ۴۸ یخچالی است که در بین آند و شیلی قرار گرفته است.
این یخچال، سومین ذخیرهگاه بزرگ آب شیرین در دنیا محسوب میشود.
این یخچال طبیعی در ۷۸ کیلومتری ال کالافیت قرار گرفته است و بعد از اکتشاف توسط فرانسیسکو مورنو، به این نام، نامگذاری شد. فرانسیسکو مورنو، یکی از افراد پیشرو در مطالعات جغرافیایی داشت و نقش مهمی در دفاع از قلمرو آرژانتین در زمان وجود نزاعهای بینالمللی بین مرز شیلی و آرژانتین ایفا کرد.
پارک ملی ایگواسو، که نامش را از آبشارهای عظیم ایگواسو وام گرفته است، محدودهای وسیع از جنگلهای بارانی نیمه حارهای است و در محدوده کشور آرژانتین و هممرز با برزیل قرار گرفته است. این طبیعت زیبا، چشمنواز و روحانگیز، شامل رودخانه ایگوآسو، آبشارهای چندگانه مانند آبشار ایگواسو، گارجنتا دل دیابلو یا گلوگاه شیطان است. در این پارک، حیات وحش متحیر کنندهای مانند جگوارها، حیوانی از خانواده راکونها به نام کواتا، پرنده توکان و انواع بسیاری از جانوران زیبای کره زمین را خواهید دید. علاوه بر آن، دولت آرژانتین، مسیرهای پیادهروی را درون این جنگلها پدید آورده است که با قدم زدن در آنها، چشمهایتان همه تماشا خواهد شد و لذت بیسابقهای را تجربه خواهید کرد.
این پارک همه روزه از ساعت ۸ صبح تا ۶ بعدازظهر باز است و می توانید از آن بازدید کنید. حتی در روزهای تعطیلات هم می توانید به آن سر بزنید.
سان کارلوس دباریلوش که به باریلوش در میان همگان معروف است، شهری درآرژانتین و در منطقه پاتاگونیاست. این منطقه هممررز با ناهوئل هواپی (Nahuel Huapi)، دریاچه یخی بزرگی است که به واسطه کوههای آند احاطه میشود. باریلوش برای معماری آلپی سوئیسی و شکلاتهایش معروف است و به راحتی میتوانید این شکلاتهای خوشمزه را در مغازههای خیابان اصلی آن، به نام کاله میتره (Calle Mitre) بیابید. این منطقه برای پیادهروی، اسکی در نزدیکی کوههای آن و اکتشاف و جستجو در اطراف دریاچه مشهور است.
مار پلاتا، شهری پرتردد و تفرجگاهی در جوار ساحل اقیانوس اطلس است. امتداد طولانی از سواحل، شامل پونتا موگوتو (Punta Mogotes) و پلایا گرانده (Playa Grande) متعلق به مار پلاتاست. در آن سوی پلایا گرانده، خیابانهای محله لوس ترونکوس (Los Troncos)، مجموعهای از خانههای باشکوه به جا مانده از اوایل قرن ۲۰ را گردآوری کردهاند که هماکنون همگی تبدیل به موزه شدهاند. برای مثال، در این مکان میتوانید به موزه تاریخی روبرتو تی باریلی بروید که شهر را در گذر زمان عکاسی میکرده و اشیا آن را در این موزه نگهداری میکرده است. نام این شهر به معنای دریایی مجاور به رودخانه است.
مار دل پلاتا یکی از بندرگاههای اصلی برای ماهیگیری و بزرگترین تفرجگاه کنار دریایی در آرژانتین و هفتمین شهر بزرگ آرژانتین محسوب میشود.
علاوه بر این، در این شهر ۷ موزه هنری، دیرین شناسی و تاریخی موجود است و میتوانید انواعی از تفریحات شبانه را تجربه کنید. همچنین در این شهر فستیوالهای مختلف مانند فستیوال ماهیگیری و یا مسابقات بینالمللی شعر برپا میشود.
باغ گیاهشناسی موجود در بوئنوس آیرس، در منطقه پالرمو قرار گرفته است. این باغ سه گوش، هم مرز با خیابان سانتافه (Santa Fe Avenue)، خیابان لاس هراس (Las Heras Avenue) و خیابان ریپابلیک اراب سیریا (Republica Arabe Siria street) است. برای بازدید از این باغ، میتوانید روزهای چهارشنبه، پنج شنبه، جمعه در ساعات ۸ صبح تا ۶٫۴۵ عصر و یا در روزهای شنبه و یکشنبه از ساعت ۹٫۳۰ صبح تا ۶٫۴۵ عصر مراجعه کنید. به یاد داشته باشید که این مکان در روز دوشنبه باز نیست. این باغ، به عنوان یادبود ملی در سال ۱۹۹۶ و در وسعت ۶٫۹ هکتاری ساخته شد و در آن بیش از ۵۵۰۰ گونه گیاهی، درختچهای و درختی نگهداری میشود. در این مکان خواهید توانست با مجسمهها، یادبودها و خانههای سبز نیز روبرو شوید.
کامینیتو، به عنوان یک موزه خیابانی و کوچهای با حفظ سنتهای قدیمش شناخته میشود و معنای نام آن، راهپیمایی و یا پیادهروی در مسیری کوتاه است. این خیابان پر از رنگ و هنر مردم خلاق آرژانتین، در لا بوکا (La Boca) و در قلب بوئنوس آیرس قرار گرفته است.
این مکان دارای اهمیت فرهنگی نیز هست، چرا که موسیقی مشهور تانگو (Caminito 1926)، که توسط جوان د دیوس فیلیبرتو ساخته شد، از این خیابان الهام گرفته شده است.
بوئنوس آیرس، شهر بزرگ، جهانی و پایتخت آرژانتین است. در مرکز این شهر، پلازا د مایو (Plaza de Mayo)، ساختمانهای برجسته و به جا مانده از قرن ۱۹ام، شامل کاسا روزادا (Casa Rosada)، و کاخ ریاست جمهوری قرار گرفته است. دیگر جاذبههای این شهر، تئاتر کلون (Teatro Colon)، سالن بزرگ اپرا که از سال ۱۹۰۸ بنا شده است و دارای ۲۵۰۰ صندلی است و موزه مدرن MALBA، که هنر آمریکای لاتین را نمایش میدهد، قرار گرفته است.
اگر مشتاق آگاهی از معنای نام بوئنوس آیرس هستید، باید بدانید، نام این شهر از آب و هوای خوب آن، از وزش بادهای مناسب آن گرفته شده است. هوای این شهر نیمه حاره ای مرطوب است و دارای چهار فصل است و این اتفاق به علت همجواری این شهر با اقیانوس اطلس است.
چهارمین شهر بزرگ از لحاظ جمعیتی در آمریکا ست و جمعیت آن بالغ بر ۱۷ میلیون نفر است. یک کشور چند ملیتی است و بسیاری از مردمان آن به زبان اسپانیایی صحبت می کنند.
صنعت گردشگری سادر این شهر از سال ۲۰۰۲ رونق پیدا کرد و بسیاری از مسافرانی که به این شهر میرسند، آن را بهترین مکان گردشگری بعد از فلورانس ایتالیا میدانند.<|endoftext|>History [of gravity theory]
With the Earth believed to be the center of the universe, gravity did not seem to require much explanation: it was just a force bringing things to a natural place. But with the advent of Copernican astronomy in the 1500s something more was needed. In the early 1600s Galileo noted that the force of gravity seems to depend only on the mass of an object, and not on any of its other features. In 1687 Isaac Newton then suggested a universal inverse square law of gravity between objects. In the 1700s and 1800s all sorts of celestial mechanics was done on the basis of this—with occasional observational anomalies being resolved for example by the discovery of new planets. Starting in the mid-1800s there were attempts to formulate gravity in the same way as electromagnetism—and in 1900 it was for example suggested that gravitational effects might propagate at the speed of light. Following his introduction of relativity theory in 1905, Albert Einstein began to seek a theory of gravity that would fit in with it. Ordinary special relativity has the feature that it assumes that systems behave the same regardless of their overall velocity—but not regardless of their acceleration. In 1907 Einstein then suggested the equivalence principle that gravity always locally has the same effect as an acceleration. (This principle requires only slightly more than Galileo's idea of the equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass, which has now been verified to the 10-12 level.) But by 1912 Einstein realized that if the effective laws of physics were somehow to remain the same in systems with different accelerations (or in different gravitational fields) then this would require a change in their perceived geometry. And building on ideas of differential geometry and tensor calculus from the late 1800s Einstein then began to formulate the concept that gravity is associated with curvature of space. In the late 1800s Ernst Mach had argued that phenomena like acceleration and rotation could ultimately be defined only relative to matter in the universe. And partly on this basis Einstein used the idea that curvature in space must be like a field produced by matter—leading eventually to his formulation in 1915 of the standard Einstein equations for general relativity. An immediate prediction of these was a deviation from the inverse square law, explaining an observed precession in the orbit of Mercury. After a dramatic verification in 1919 of predicted bending of light by the Sun, general relativity began to be widely accepted. In the 1920s expansion of the universe was discovered, and this was seen to be consistent with general relativity. In the 1940s study of the evolution of stars then led to discussion of what became known as black holes. But for the most part general relativity was still viewed as being highly elegant though of little practical relevance. In the 1960s, however, more work began to be done on it. The discovery of the cosmic microwave background in 1965 led to increasing interest in cosmology. Precision tests—particularly with spacecraft—were designed. In calculations it was sometimes difficult to tell what was a genuine effect, and what was just a feature of the particular coordinates used. But a variety of increasingly abstract mathematical methods were developed, leading notably to general theorems about inevitability of singularities. Detailed calculations tended to require complicated symbolic tensor manipulation (with some associated problems being NP-complete), but with the development of computer algebra this gradually became more feasible—and by the mid-1970s approximate numerical methods were also being used. Various alternative formulations of general relativity were proposed, based for example on tetrads, spinors and twistors (and more recently on connection, loop and non-commutative geometry methods)—but none led to any great simplification. Meanwhile, there continued to be ever more accurate experimental tests of general relativity in the solar system—and at least in the weak gravitational fields available there (with metrics differing from the identity by at most one part in 106), all have worked out to around the 10-3 level. Starting in the 1960s, more and more ambitious gravitational wave detectors have been built—although none as yet have actually observed anything. Measurements done on a binary pulsar system are nevertheless consistent at a 10-3 level with the emission of gravitational radiation in a fairly strong gravitational field at the rate implied by general relativity. And since the 1980s there has been increasing conviction that at least indirect effects of black holes associated with very strong gravitational fields are being observed.
Over the years, some variants of general relativity have been proposed. At least when formulated in terms of tensors, none have quite the simplicity of the original theory—but some lead to rather different predictions, such as an absence of singularities like black holes. Ever since quantum theory began in the early 1900s there has been discussion of quantum gravity—and almost every major method developed for handling other quantum phenomena has been tried on gravity. Starting in the 1980s a variety of methods more specific to quantum gravity were also pursued, but none have yet had convincing success. (See page 1054.)<|endoftext|>به رغم ناپایداری های محیط کسب وکار و پیشرفت فناوری، سازمان ها با تکیه بر قیمت و کیفیت، قادر به ادامه فعالیت نیستند. از این رو نوآوری به یکی از مزیت های رقابتی کلیدی تبدیل شده است. فرهنگ یادگیری سازمانی نیز یکی از راهکارهای کلیدی برای ارتقاء نوآوری سازمانی محسوب می شود که با خلق و کسب دانش مورد نیاز سازمان، زمینه را برای نوآوری در کسب وکار فراهم می کند. این مقاله به بررسی تأثیر نوآوری از مجرای فرهنگ یادگیری سازمانی بر اثربخشی سازمانی می پردازد. روش تحقیق، توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی است. داده ها از طریق پرسشنامه و نمونه ای متشکل از ۱۳۲ نفر از کارکنان شرکت ها در مراکز رشد و فناوری شهر تهران و با استفاده از نمونه گیری تصادفی جمع آوری شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که اکتساب دانش به عنوان یک پشتوانه برای سایر مؤلفه ها در تقویت کارایی نقش اساسی دارد. از طرف دیگر رابطه ی متغیر فرهنگ یادگیری سازمانی با نوآوری سازمانی و نیز تأثیر مستقیم این متغیر بر اثربخشی سازمانی نشانگر این است که سازمان با بهره گیری از اکتساب دانش و ایجاد تغییرات شناختی و رفتاری، می تواند نوآوری را تا حد زیادی ارتقاء داده و همین موضوع نقش مهمی در افزایش اثربخشی برای سازمان دارد.<|endoftext|>Never Rarely Sometimes Always
Kategori
Yönetmen Eliza Hittman
Senaryo Eliza Hittman
Autumn ve Skylar, Pennsylvania'nın kırsal kesiminde yaşayan iki genç kızdır. Autumn'ın hayatı, hamile olduğunu öğrenmesi ile altüst olur. Genç kız, istenmeyen hamileliği karşısında ne yapacağını bilemez. Bu süreçte en büyük desteği kuzeni Skylar'dan görür. Autumn ve kuzeni Skylar, bu sorunu çözebilmek için New York'a gitmeye karar verir. Yola koyulan iki genç kız, arkadaşlık, cesaret ve sevgiyi keşfettikleri bir maceraya atılır.<|endoftext|>Baş Terimi Hakkında Bilgiler
Okçuluk Terimi Olarak Baş:
Yayın kiriş takılan kısmı.
Denizcilik Terimi Olarak Baş:
Genel anlamda bir geminin, filikanın, teknenin ön tarafına denir. Bu kısımda teknenin baş bodoslaması, baş üstü ve omuzlukları vardır.
Yazma Eser (Hat-Tezhip-Ebru-Cilt-Minyatür) Terimi Olarak Baş:
Ayın (ع), mim (ﻡ) gibi eski harflerin satırın üstünde kalan baş tarafı.
Güreş Terimi Olarak Baş:
Yağlı güreşte sıralanan derecelerin en büyüğü.
Tekvando Terimi Olarak Baş:
Meo-li.
Kano Terimi Olarak Baş:
Teknenin başı.
Benzer Okçuluk Terimleri:
Sal: Yayın esneyen kısmı.
Tetik: Makaralı yaylarda parmaklık yerine kullanılan alet.
Qualification Roundu: Olympıc round yarışmasının ilk iki gününde atılan Tek FITA atışı.
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pha) and concludes with and addenda and composer index. Entries under each scripture include composer name, title, voicing and publishing information.
Pros: Very helpful for quick listings of pieces under a specific biblical text. An excellent way Publishers and octavo numbers are given, which adds to the works value. An index to composers and titles is also included.
Cons: The author acknowledges that not every work can be listed, and asks for submissions so that more can be included in later volumes.
Use: An aid in selecting music for worship services where Psalms are sung.
Coverage: Includes songs based on psalms from collections common to Baptist, Episcopal, Lutheran, Methodist and Roman Catholic services.
Organization: Songs are listed by the number of the psalm used. Songs for each psalm number are arranged alphabetically by title. Information given for each song included the author, composer, publisher, a source code and, if the song is in a collection, the title of the collection. Space is provided to write in additional songs. Author includes a list of responsorial psalms associated with particular Sundays and Holy days of the year for the Catholic liturgy, a list of publishers, suggestions for singing the psalms and an essay on “Why do We Sing the Psalms?” Bibliography ends the book.
Pros: Book is a convenient size and arrangement to use. Author is open to suggestions on songs to add by including a form to send to him.
Cons: Book published in 1986 and may be slightly out-of-date.
Use: The Choral conductor who seeks information concerning avant-garde choral music in terms of general information as well as performing requirements.
Coverage: Book covers avant-garde choral literature in many voicings as well as suggestions for successful interpretation and understanding of avant-garde techniques.
Organization: Three sections comprise the book: introductory material, avant-garde warm-ups and the annotated bibliography. The annotated bibliography is the bulk of the material and contains listings for various pieces. Entries include composer names, title, voicings, and publishing information. Also contains instructions for the avant-garde music (i.e. materials needed, what kind of techniques are employed) The bibliography is organized by voicings (SATB, SSA, Unison, Two-Part, etc.)
Pros: Helpful information regarding interpretation of avant-garde techniques and related materials.
Cons: Only a small amount of literature can be covered in this type of book. Written in the late seventies, it lacks many current compositions.
Use: A resource for finding A Capella arrangements of American folk songs.
Coverage: After giving a brief history of the A Capella folk song, and the stylistic traits of arrangements for A Capella choir, the author presents a list of about a hundred such arrangements with notes as to tessitura, style, tempo, range, etc.
Organization: Alphabetical by song title; these are then cross-referenced in the appendix by composer and title.
Pros: The comments for each piece are the most valuable part of the work and are very valuable to the conductor searching for good, worthwhile arrangements of American folk music.
Cons: Not all of the pieces have comments given (likely due to space limitations).
Musica: International Database of Choral Repertoire. http://www.musicanet.org/en/. Accessed July 27, 2001.
Use: From the website: "A choral documentary search tool as well as a pedagogic tool for conductors, musicologists, schools of music, musical federations, music stores, etc... but it is also for amateurs and people eager to know about the choral music repertoire." Also used to "promote the diffusion of the choral repertoire."
Coverage: To date this database covers currently 80,434 records of choral works, by 19,646 composers. The entries in the database are submitted by choral conductors, and music librarians from over 14 countries, as well as users of the database. It began in 1983 in "La Partithèque", the library of the Centre d'Art Polyphonique d'Alsace (CAPA), France. In 1990 the International Center for Choral Music (ICCM) lent its support. Since 1998, the database has been supported by the International Federation for Choral Music (IFCM). In addition to English, it is also completely available in French, German and Spanish.
The homepage includes the links: "Who is Musica?" "Search in
Musica database" "Favorite Piece of the month" "The Musica
Workshops" and "The Musica CD-Rom." In addition, there are
links to submissions, contacting Musica, New features, as well as links to
other web pages such as ICCM, CAPA, and ChoralNet. The Search link is the
quickest method to reaching the database. You can search the entire database
for works or you can search for information about composers, publishers, and
authors of the texts. There are two types of searches, basic and advanced.
A basic search allows you to search the database by composer or arranger,
author of the text, title of the text, keywords in the title, language, century,
type of choir, number of voices, and voicing.
A search of the database lists the title, composer and year of the work, along with information about the author of the text, the publisher and score number, the genre, the type of choir needed to perform the work, the duration, and the language of the text. Some of the scores also provide a description of the mood, the difficulty for the choir and the conductor, and the tonality of the work. To the right of the entry on some of the entries are links to a sample image of the work, the text, soundfiles (including information on what ensemble performs in the recording), pronunciation of the text, and links to the composers web page or to a publishers web page. Every entry also contains an edit link for the viewer to submit corrections, thus assuring that the most up-to-date and correct information is provided.
Pros: An extensive listing of choral works, with information about where to get the score or recording of the work. The web-format allows for corrections and from users as well as unlimited additions to the database. A search for information about the composers brings up links to web pages about the composer. Sometimes a composers official homepage is listed. Each of the four languages has not only translations of the home page, but also complete translations of the entries.Includes helps for searching the database. The database is also available on CD-ROM, for offline viewing.
Cons: Only contains information that has been submitted by contributors. Not completely extensive, not all listings contain the same amount of information. Not all works by a composer are listed. Sometimes by going to the composers web site you can see a greater listing. No information is provided about who submitted the information. Cannot be searched with Netscape 6.
Note: See also ChoralNet (Annotated Bibliographies—Choral Music) for other repertory searches.
Use: Reference guide for choral conductors and musicians interested in American choral music during the nineteenth century.
Coverage: Contains information concerning origins, history, genres, composers and singers of nineteenth century American choral music. Excludes hymns, but contains resources for the study of hymnology.
Organization: Divided into 26 brief chapters, each focusing on a different topic of study. General subjects take up the first half of the chapters, while the last half is devoted mainly to composers of choral music. Includes a chapter for reference works and periodical bibliographies and indexes.
Pros: Provides bibliographic survey of choral music research.
Parker, J. Carlyle, comp. Music Directors’ and Accompanists’ Index to “Hymns,” (1985) and “Simplified Accompaniments,” (1986). Turlock, California: Marietta Publishing Co., 1988. Mus Ref ML 128 .H8 p37x 1985
Use: To help the beginner musician choose hymns for LDS services.
Coverage: Includes all hymns from the LDS Hymnal (1985) and the Simplified Accompaniments (1986).
Begins with a preface, introduction and list of abbreviations. Balance of
book divided into 10 categories. Within each category each entry has information
on the hymn number in both books, vocal range, key, time signature, and whether
there is an upbeat or fermatas in the hymn. The categories are:
“HYMNS FOR EASY PLAYING AND EASY SINGING (Hymns with high notes under E)” Arranged by key signature.
“HYMNS FOR EASY LEADING” Arranged by time signature.
“HYMNS IN ORDER BY HIGH NOTES”
“HYMNS IN ORDER BY LOW NOTES”
“HYMNS IN ORDER BY KEY”
“HYMNS IN ORDER BY TIME”
“HYMNS STARTING ON AN UPBEAT”
“HYMNS STARTING ON A DOWNBEAT”
“HYMNS WITH HOLDS”
“HYMN TITLES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER”
Pros: Very useful for the beginning lay chorister in the LDS church.
Use: This very short list of music for male chorus is intended to be a guide to conductors and music librarians who are seeking to include the very best in men’s music in their collections.
Coverage: Selected works for male chorus.
Organization: The pieces are listed alphabetically by composer, and give information as to number of voices, publisher, and some commentary on the music itself.
Cons: It is not a very exhaustive study, and makes value judgements based on very questionable logic (if it’s performed frequently, it must be good!). No index or bibliography given.
Use: For musicians or educators seeking information on Latin American choral music.
Coverage: Historical, practical and reference information concerning Latin American Choral music. Emphasis on art music by composers with classical training. Not much attention given to traditional folk tunes unless arrangements by significant composers.
Organization: Provides a brief history of art music in Latin America as well as a practical guide to research in this area. Following this is a catalogue of composers and works. The last part of the book provides information on anthologies, publishers, discographies, recording companies, archives, biographical bibliographies and periodicals. Two appendices conclude the book covering selected general bibliographies and institutions promoting Latin American studies.
Pros: Covers an important and unusual area of interest, provides broad base of reference material.
Use: Guide for conductors and choral musicians seeking information regarding the male choral ensemble and its literature.
Coverage: Included is a brief background on the history of men’s choral singing, literature, publishing information, collections of music for men, and articles relating to topics in male choral singing.
Organization: Book is divided into two parts. Part I explains abbreviations used, gives a brief history on male choral music, provides a listing of publishers addresses, professional organizations, the catalog of music for men’s voices and collections of music for men’s voices. Selection of music reflects author’s bias based mainly on quality, composer reputation and contribution to the field. Catalog lists alphabetical by composer and then by title of work. The second half of this book contains several articles that discuss topics in male choral singing. Concluding the book is a bibliography and indices of authors, titles, text sources and first lines.
Pros: Broad coverage of literature and information for its time.
Cons: Much music as well as many new pieces has been written since 1981. This is a good place to start, but up-to-date information must be found elsewhere.
Use: An annotated listing of choral works by African American composers.
Coverage: Composers that were recommended to the author by respected African American composers/musicians are included. Contains detailed descriptions of each composer’s works including level of difficulty.
Organization: Listed alphabetically by last name of composer. Each entry is in chart form with eight columns titles: Composers, Title, Copyright Date & Number of Pages, Voicing, Vocal Range, Level of Difficulty, Instrumentation, Publisher, and Catalog Number. Contains an index by Title, Index of Brief Biographical Sketches, and a Selected Discography arranged alphabetically by title.
Pros: Chart form is easy to read and well organized. Useful for a choral conductor who wants to program a concert with a certain composer in mind.
Cons: Does not contain all African-American composers, only those recommended to the author.
Use: Choral conductors/educators seeking information on Twentieth Century choral literature and its appropriateness for high school level ensembles.
Coverage: Provides entries for over 235 choral works attempting to include all of the major figures of the century, or who initiated important trends during this time. Includes SATB, SATB divisi, SAB and SSA voicings as well as speech chorus entries.
Organization: Chapters divided by voicings, a listing of music publishers and a composer index conclude the book. Each entry includes information concerning the composer, title, voicing, accompaniment, text, range, difficulty, style and misc. comments pertinent to each piece. Also noted is information concerning the publisher, duration, usage, date of composition and appropriate level of performers to use the piece.
Pros: Each entry is full of vital, practical information for conductors/teachers.
Cons: Can only provide a small sliver of literature from this time considering the huge amount available.
Use: Choral educators and conductors seeking information on traditionally successful choral literature in school situations.
Coverage: Includes literature lists of outstanding choral works for school use. Includes various voicings from SA- SATB divisi with various instrumentation.
Organization: Divided into subject areas, this book contains a master list of choral works grouped by voicing, and then by genre. Selection seems to reflect author’s bias based on personal conducting experience, composer quality, and performing trends in music education. Latter part of the book contains subject headings with additional music selections. These subjects include some additional music and information not mentioned in the original listing under categories such as: musical theater, chorus and band, collections, reference books, publishers and retail music scores. Each listing contains title, composer/arranger, publisher, level of difficulty, accompaniment and comments as well as range markings put on a staff.
Pros: This is a broad yet thorough resource guide for the choral educator. Listings contain pertinent information, but no value judgments.<|endoftext|>SAT Math Multiple Choice Practice Question 143: Answer and Explanation
11. Which of the following must be true for x, given that x is a negative integer?
A. x ≥ -x
B. x ≥ x2
C. x ≥ x3
D. x ≥ 1/x
E. x ≥ x/2
Correct Answer: C
C. If x is negative, then -x and x2 are both positive. Therefore, both Choice (A) and Choice (B) are false. Choice (C) looks true: For example, (-1)3 = -1, and -1 ≥ -1, while (-2)3 = -8, and -2 ≥ -8. As usual, you should stop right there on the real test, but I'll check the last two choices just for fun. (D) doesn't work: For example, -2 isn't greater than or equal to -1/2. (E) is true for positive numbers, but not for negative numbers: 6 is greater than 3, but -6 is smaller than -3. Choice (C) it is.<|endoftext|>CFL is a community of students and adults interested in learning about ourselves and our relationship with the world. This learning involves not only academics and other life skills, but also a deeper exploration about our emotions and thought processes and the way we respond to the challenges of life. For many of us, the philosophy of J Krishnamurti has played a significant role in our educational vision.
“Surely, education has no meaning unless it helps you understand the vast expanse of life with all its subtleties, its extraordinary beauty, its sorrows and joys.”
~ J. Krishnamurti
The starting point of our educational thinking is that there is a crisis in human society at personal and social levels. Human needs and desires have created the social structures we live in today, and any examination of these structures or any attempt to change them must at least begin with an examination of our personal, “subjective” emotional patterns.
CFL is a cooperative endeavour. Parents and students are not passive consumers but partners in the process of education and in the inquiry and exploration that is central to the activity of the school.<|endoftext|>Dentistry for Kids in Phoenix and Tempe, AZ
Your child’s first initial visit to a local dentist should be a comfortable and enjoyable experience. We know that children are not born with a natural fear of the dentist, and so our dentistry team goes to great lengths to ensure your children enjoy their visit to our offices. We want you and your youngsters to be comfortable the moment you walk into the office. And we feel that education is an important part of that process.
The AAPD (American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry) recommends that children visit the dentist before their first birthday. It’s important for your child’s newly grown teeth to receive the highest quality of care from an early age.
Learning about your teeth can be a fun experience. Find out more with our Dental Fun Kit!
Your Child’s New Teeth
Between the ages of six and 12 months, your child’s first baby teeth will arrive. At this time, their gums may feel sore and tender and so to help alleviate comfort, we recommend the soothing of gums by rubbing a cool wet cloth or finger across them. Teething rings are another great option. After the teething is completed, your child will have a total of 20 primary teeth.
These primary teeth are then shed during childhood and their permanent teeth will begin erupting at age six, continuing until around age 21. A fully-grown adult has 28 permanent teeth, 32 teeth when including wisdom teeth.
Build an Understanding of Oral Hygiene
As your child grows, make sure you’re examining their teeth every two weeks, looking for lines and discoloration that may be a sign of decay. Sugar foods and liquids are the primary causes of this decay, and so it’s important that your child brushes their teeth after feeding or eating. Optimal hygiene involves brushing four times a day, after breakfast, after lunch, after dinner, and before bedtime.
Make sure that the child knows brushing can be fun! Your child should be brushing their teeth as soon as their first tooth arrives. When a baby’s tooth erupts, you can then use a pea-sized amount of toothpaste to brush the tooth with a soft-bristled brush. Don’t use fluoride when brushing the teeth of a child younger than two unless you’re advised to do so by your specialist.
Remember also that flossing is an important consideration for optimal oral hygiene. Your doctor will discuss with you the right time to start flossing, and if you notice any signs of decay during flossing you should call your specialist immediately.
Regular Checkups Ensure Optimal Health
Remember that tooth decay is caused by sugars leftover in your mouth after eating. Children are at high risk of decay because they don’t practice optimal oral hygiene habits. And so, it’s important you teach your children the brushing and flossing techniques that will protect their oral health in the coming years.
You should book your child in for an appointment with us every six months for dental cleanings and checkups. During appointments, we can provide you more information on treatment options such as sealants, which can protect your child’s teeth for the years ahead. Call today to schedule your child’s upcoming appointment.<|endoftext|>“When someone says ‘I hope he’ll come’ – is this a report about his state of mind, or a manifestation of his hope?” (Philosophical Investigations).
Wittgen
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the years. Some of these risk factors include whether or not the individual has a family history of abuse or whether the individual suffers from a preexisting mental condition, such as anxiety or depression. The age at which a person begins to use drugs is another factor that is involved in addiction.
The important thing to remember is that addiction is a treatable condition. Like other chronic diseases, such as hypertension or diabetes, with the right therapy, it is possible to keep addiction from overwhelming one’s life. If you suspect that someone close to you needs help to eliminate designer drug abuse from their life, please contact us right away for more information.<|endoftext|>2021/6/11 19:52:33
骗人的网络，害得我所有材料发了，借不到钱。想把材料撤回来又撤不回来，打电话问又打不进。
2021/6/20 14:04:07
其他回答（3个）
2021/6/16 18:08:29
请你仔细查看合同约定，以合同约定处理就可以了。
2021/6/19 0:13:11
体现的是划分收益性支出与资本性支出原则
划分收益性支出与资本性支出原则，是指的会计核算应当合理划分收益性支出与资本性支出的界限。凡支出的效益仅及于本年度（或1个营业周期）的，应当作为收益性支出；凡支出的效益及于几个会计年度（或几个营业周期）的，应当作为资本性支出。
收益性支出是指为了取得本期收益而发生，应从当期已实现的收益中得到补偿的支出；而资本性支出是指为当期、主要是为以后会计期间收入的取得而发生，应由今后若干会计期间的收益来补偿的支出。这一原则要求在会计核算中将两类不同性质的支出区分开来，对于收益性支出，应计入当期损益，并在利润表中反映，以正确计算当期经营成果；对于资本性支出应列入资产，反映在资产负债表中，根据其与以后各期收益的关系，将其价值分摊到以后各会计期间，以真实地反映的财务状况。如果将原本应计入资本性支出的计入了收益性支出，就会低估当期资产和收益；反之，则会高估当期资产和收益；所有这一切，都不利于会计信息使用者正确理解的财务状况和经营成果，影响其正确决策的作出。
2021/6/23 12:04:54
过了还款日不能再申请分期。
建行龙卡信用卡账单分期付款业务可以在账单日次日至最后还款日期间，过了还款日不能再申请分期。
账单日次日至最后还款日期间，持卡人向建行申请将已出账单一定人民币消费金额办理分期偿还（30天仅可办理一次）。申请金额最低为500元人民币，最高不超过已出账单中人民币消费总金额（不含取现、分期付款以及我行规定的其它交易）的90%。
扩展资料：
不可申请账单分期的业务：
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参考资料来源：人民网-建行信用卡账单分期 轻松又实惠<|endoftext|>Maduro konuşurken elektrikler kesildi; Beyaz Saray Ulusal Güvenlik Danışmanı Bolton'dan tiye alan mesaj
"Maduro mafyası için Venezuela'da ışıklar sönmeye başladı"
10 Şubat 2019 08:54
Beyaz Saray Ulusal Güvenlik Danışmanı John Bolton, konuşması sırasında elektrik kesilmesi sebebiyle Venezuela Devlet Başkanı Nicolas Maduro'yu tiye aldı. Bolton, elektriklerin kesildiği anın videosunu paylaşarak "Maduro mafyası için ışıklar sönüyor" dedi.
Bolton, Twitter hesabından yaptığı paylaşımda, önce kısa bir süreliğine, ardından tamamen kesilen elektrik nedeniyle konuşmasını yarıda bırakmak zorunda kalan Maduro'yla dalga geçti.
Bolton, "Maduro mafyası için Venezuela'da ışıklar sönmeye başladı" ifadelerini kullandı.<|endoftext|>ساعت قیامت برای سومین سال متوالی 100 ثانیه به نیمه شب است - زیرا جهان در گذشته "نزدیک ترین به آخرالزمان" باقی مانده است.
شمارش معکوس - استعاره ای از فروپاشی جهانی - تهدیدات خطرناک ناشی از سلاح های هسته ای را در نظر گرفت. تغییرات آب و هوایی، فناوری های مخرب و کووید -19.
نگهبانان دیده بان، بولتن هیئت علم و امنیت دانشمندان اتمی، گفت که این عوامل توسط "یک فضای اطلاعاتی آسیب دیده که تصمیم گیری منطقی را تضعیف می کند" تشدید شده است.
"لحظه بسیار خطرناک"
آنها گفتند که تصمیم برای صرفه جویی در زمان، مانند سال گذشته، "به هیچ وجه به معنای تثبیت امنیت بین المللی نیست".
آنها ادامه دادند: «برعکس، ساعت به آخرالزمانی که به تمدن پایان میدهد نزدیکترین زمان است، زیرا جهان در لحظهای بسیار خطرناک گیر کرده است».
پروفسور اسکات ساگان، یکی از اعضای بولتن و کارشناس علوم سیاسی در دانشگاه استنفورد، گفت: "نشانه های رقابت های تسلیحاتی جدید واضح است".
در بیانیه دیده بان روز رستاخیز آمده است که تغییر رهبری در سال گذشته در ایالات متحده "امید می دهد که آنچه که به نظر می رسد یک مسابقه جهانی برای فاجعه است متوقف شود و - با تعهد مجدد ایالات متحده - حتی وارونه شود".
با این حال، این "برای مقابله با تهدیدات منفی امنیت بین المللی کافی نیست."
روابط ایالات متحده با چین و روسیه به دلیل توسعه موشک های مافوق صوت و درگیر شدن در "تلاش های مدرن سازی و توسعه هسته ای"، همچنان تیره است.
دیگر نگرانی های مطرح شده، گسترش هسته ای و موشکی کره شمالی، تلاش های «شکست خورده» برای احیای توافق هسته ای با ایران و اوکراین به عنوان «نقطه داغ بالقوه» بود.
"اقدامات بیشتری در مورد تغییرات آب و هوایی مورد نیاز است"
بسیاری از کشورها می گویند که بین وعده های بلندمدت برای کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای و اقداماتی که در حال حاضر برای دستیابی به این اهداف مورد نیاز است، "تفاوت زیادی" وجود دارد.
پروفسور ریموند پیرهامبرت، یکی از اعضای بولتن و کارشناس فیزیک دانشگاه آکسفورد، گفت: «تجارب ناشی از عمیقتر شدن بحران، اعتراضات و نگرانیهای دیگر را از سوی جامعه مدنی در سال جاری برانگیخته است.
این اقدامات توجه عمومی را بر تغییرات اقلیمی متمرکز میکند و اهمیت سیاسی آن را افزایش میدهد، اما اینکه آیا آنها سیاستها، سرمایهگذاری و رفتار را تغییر خواهند داد، یکی از مهمترین مسائلی است که جامعه جهانی با آن مواجه است.
واکنش جهانی به کووید-19 پس از اینکه برنامههای گسترش سریع جهانی واکسنها اساساً از بین رفت، «کاملاً ناکافی» تلقی شد و کشورهای فقیرتر عمدتاً واکسینه نشدند و گزینههای جدیدی ظاهر شدند.
"ایمن تر از سال گذشته"
دکتر راشل برانسون، رئیس و مدیر عامل بولتن دانشمندان اتمی، گفت که هیئت مدیره معتقد است جهان "امن تر از سال گذشته در آن زمان نیست".
او گفت که جهان با "محیط مختلط تهدیدات، با تحولات مثبت که با شتاب دادن به تهدیدات منفی خنثی می شود" مواجه است.
او افزود: «ساعت روز قیامت به طور خطرناکی به حرکت خود ادامه میدهد و به ما یادآوری میکند که برای اطمینان از یک سیاره ایمنتر و سالمتر چقدر کار لازم است.»
ما باید عقربه های ساعت را از نیمه شب دور کنیم.»
این ساعت در سال 1947 توسط کارشناسانی در بولتن ساخته شد که به ساخت اولین بمب اتمی به عنوان بخشی از پروژه منهتن کمک کردند.
این در هفت دقیقه به نیمه شب آغاز شد و در ابتدا به منظور هشدار در مورد تهدید هسته ای هارمگدون بود.
بولتن یک سازمان غیرانتفاعی مستقل است که توسط محققان از جمله 11 برنده جایزه نوبل حمایت می شود.
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- اپل ادعا می کند حماسه خواسته برای 'معامله ویژه' برای پرداخت Fortnite 88801100011088 اپل به طرح دعوی در دادگاه ضد تراست حماسی بازی ها در مورد سیاست های فروشگاه برنامه iOS خود پاسخ داده است. بایگانی از دادگاه می خواهد که به طور موقت معکوس ممنوعیت فروشگاه App در حالی که کت و شلوار در حال انجام است. و حماسه را متهم می کند که با پذیرش پرداخت های مستقیم از <em>Fortnite</em> طریق فورتنیت در نقض قوانین اپل، به طور مبهم یک «اضطراری» ایجاد کرده است. فیل شیلر مجری اپل نوشت که مدیر عامل حماسی تیم سوئینی خواستار «معامله ویژه ای با تنها حماسه» شد که «به طور اساسی شیوه ارائه برنامه هایی در پلت فرم iOS اپل را تغییر خواهد داد.» هنگامی که اپل رد شد، اپیک سیاست های خود را برای قطع اپل از خریدهای در برنامه تغییر داد. در حال حاضر، این شرکت استدلال می کند که ممنوعیت اپیک مسئولیت خود است. حماسه در پی اقدامات داوطلبانه خود اکنون به دنبال امداد رسانی اضطراری است. اما 'اضطراری' به طور کامل از ساخت خود حماسه است،" پاسخ اپل می خواند. "توسعه دهندگانی که برای فریب اپل کار می کنند، همان طور که اپیک در اینجا انجام داده است، فسخ می شوند." در جای دیگری از بایگانی، اپل دفاع از قوانین خرید در برنامه خود را گذاشته است. در این بیانیه آمده است: «اگر توسعه دهندگان می توانند از پرداخت دیجیتال اجتناب کنند، همان است که اگر یک مشتری یک فروشگاه خرده فروشی اپل را بدون پرداخت هزینه محصول دزدی از مغازه ترک کند: اپل پرداخت نمی شود.» حماسه شکایت اپل هفته گذشته در مبارزه به سرعت در حال افزایش بیش از سیاست های فروشگاه برنامه تلفن همراه. اپل <em>فورتنیت را</em> پس از معرفی اپیک پرداخت های مستقیمی که سیستم خرید در برنامه اپل و کمیسیون ۳۰ درصدی آن را دور می کرد، ممنوع کرد. حماسه تلافی با طرح دعوی در دادگاه ادعا کرد که اپل نقض قانون ضد تراست با کنترل دسترسی به پلت فرم iOS از طریق فروشگاه App و نیاز به توسعه دهندگان به استفاده از گزینه های پرداخت آن است. پاسخ اپل حاوی یک گروه از نامه ها بین سوئینی، شیلر، و دیگر مدیران اجرایی اپل است. در اواخر ژوئن، سوئینی درخواست کرد که اپل اجازه دهد اپیک فروشگاه برنامه <em>Fortnite</em> خود را بر روی iOS راه اندازی کند و شامل یک سیستم پرداخت جایگزین در فورتنیت و دیگر بازی های حماسی باشد. سوئینی نوشت: «اسناد قراردادها و استانداردهای اپل حاوی مقررات محدودکننده ای است که حماسه را از ارائه یک فروشگاه برنامه رقیب و گزینه های پردازش پرداخت رقیب به مصرف کننده منع می کند.» "اپل نیاز به ارائه یک نامه جانبی و یا تغییر قراردادها و استانداردهای اسناد خود را برای حذف چنین محدودیت هایی." اپل کمتر از قابل ستایش بود. "فروشگاه برنامه به سادگی بازار نیست -- آن را بخشی از بسته نرم افزاری بزرگتر از ابزار ، فن آوری ها و خدمات است که اپل می سازد در دسترس توسعه دهندگان ، نوشت : اپل همکار مشاور عمومی داگلاس Vetter در اواسط ماه ژوئیه است. "ما نمی توانیم مطمئن باشید که حماسه و یا هر توسعه دهنده همان استانداردهای سخت گیرانه از حریم خصوصی، امنیت، و محتوا به عنوان اپل حمایت. در واقع، از آنجا که اپل با تمام توسعه دهندگان با توجه به همان شرایط رفتار می کند، حماسه اساساً از اپل می خواهد که ایمنی و امنیت کاربران اپل را به صدها هزار توسعه دهنده iOS برون سپاری کند.» حماسه را از طریق با برنامه های خود را به هر حال رفت ، اطلاع اپل از تغییر خود را در یک ایمیل. سوئینی نوشت: «ما انتخاب می کنیم که این مسیر را در این باور راسخ دنبال کنیم که تاریخ و قانون در کنار ماست.» "ما امیدواریم که اپل در محدودیت های پلت فرم خود را منعکس و شروع به ایجاد تغییرات تاریخی است که به مصرف کنندگان میلیارد iOS جهان حقوق و آزادی های لذت می برد در سیستم عامل محاسبات باز پیشرو در جهان است." او در حمله قانونی اشاره کرد اگر اپل تلافی -- که سازنده تلفن بی درنگ انجام داد ، ممنوع حماسه از فروشگاه آن است. اپل پیش از این گفته بود سیستم قفل شده اش «یک مکان امن و مورد اعتماد» را برای کاربران ایجاد می کند. استدلال های مشابهی را در این بایگانی تکرار کرد. "اگر هر توسعه دهنده آزاد است به نقض قراردادهای خود را با اپل و مجاز به دور زدن روند بررسی App، که در نظر گرفته شده است برای اطمینان، در میان چیزهای دیگر، که هیچ برنامه ای که ارائه یک خطر امنیتی، تهدید حریم خصوصی کاربران، و یا اجازه می دهد هر نرم افزار از خارج از اکوسیستم فروشگاه App امن دانلود شود، سپس فروشگاه App اپل نمی تواند مزایای بسیاری را به مصرف کنندگان و توسعه دهندگان است که آن را در حال حاضر انجام می دهد ارائه در بیانیه شیلر آمده است. "و اگر توسعه دهندگان می توانند دور [خرید در برنامه] و اجتناب از پرداخت اپل کمیسیون آن را به طور قراردادی به علت، اپل قادر به ادامه سرمایه گذاری در حال رفتن خود را در آن خواهد بود. اقدامات Epic در حال قرار دادن کل مدل App Store در معرض خطر است."...
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what are adverb clauses? is there anything like adverb noun clause and if so den how to differentiate the types of adverb clauses???
Adverbial clauses are typically those that serve, in the manner of simple adverbs, to specify when, why, how etc. the action of a verb takes place. They are normally introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as 'when', 'because' or 'although'.
Occasionally, however, a structurally nominal (noun-like) clause can serve an adverbial function, as the underlined part of
I was wondering what to do.
(generally analysed as elliptical prepositional phrases, i.e. with the nominal clause as the object of a suppressed preposition:
I was wondering about what to do.)
Such clauses, however, might well be labelled 'adverbial noun clauses'.<|endoftext|>UNEP reports shed light on how countries are using different tools to shift to low-carbon, resource-efficient economies that achieve sustainable development
India CSR News Network
NAIROBI: Almost one quarter of China will be covered in forest by 2020 if the country succeeds in its mission towards building an “eco-civilization”, a report by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) finds.
The adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the first universally binding climate change agreement signed last year in Paris have renewed hopes that the world can shift to a low-carbon economy that uses natural resources more efficiently and fosters green economic growth.
To help drive this change, UNEP has released a series of reports at the second United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-2) that look at how individual countries are trying to achieve this transformation.
The reports look at China’s attempts to build an “ecological civilization”, Bhutan’s use of its novel Gross National Happiness Index, Germany’s attempts to build a circular economy, Costa Rica’s use of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) and Botswana’s Natural Capital Accounting.
The UNEP reports find that, although Bhutan faces challenges related to socioeconomic issues, and trade and aid dependency, the country has made “impressive progress in recent years”.
Costa Rica’s PES programme has also achieved notable successes, with nearly 15,000 contracts signed with landowners to improve land management. The programme has worked in over one million hectares of forests and distributed over $300 million, the report notes
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متاسفانه در بخش تقاضا خیلی استقبال و جنب و جوش و تقاضایی برای استفاده از این فناوری ها و دانش پژوهشگران کشورمان مشاهده نمی شود.
شاید عدم استقبال از کار تحقیقاتی یک پژوهشگر نمونه کشورمان در خصوص تاثیر استفاده از نهاده ها و کود کشاورزی و همچنین بهره وری انرژی و میزان آلایندگی برای کشت محصول «سیر» که در ۱۰۰ مزرعه استان همدان در سطوح مختلف مورد مطالعه و رصد قرار گرفت، تنها یک نمونه از این بی مهری ها به حوزه پژوهش کشورمان باشد که این محقق با ایرنا در میان گذاشته است.
کار تحقیقاتی که به گفته دکتر شاهین رفیعی به راحتی می توانست به عنوان یک الگو مطرح و به کشاورزان آموزش داده شود، به طوری که سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان همدان بر اساس این پژوهش برای کشاورزان وضعیت استفاده از نهاده های کشاورزی و کود را برای افزایش بازدهی و بهره وری بیشتر تعریف کند، اما توجهی به نتیجه این طرح بزرگ پژوهشی نشد.
البته همین دغدغه ها نیز رهبر معظم انقلاب را بر آن داشت که نخستین سال قرن ۱۵ شمسی را تحت عنوان «تولید؛ دانش بنیان و اشتغال آفرین» نامگذاری کند. شعاری که هدف از طرح آن حمایت هرچه بیشتر از توان علمی دانشمندان، نخبگان و پژوهشگران پرتلاش کشور به منظور حرکت به سمت اقتصاد دانش بنیان و البته استفاده بهینه همه دستگاه ها و سازمان های اجرایی حاکمیتی از این دستاوردها به جای خریدهای خارجی و واردات تکنولوژی از خارج از کشور است.
برای بررسی مشکلات و چالش های حوزه پژوهش با دکتر شاهین رفیعی به عنوان یکی از پژوهشگران نمونه کشورمان که در سال ۱۳۹۵ موفق به دریافت نشان درجه یک پژوهشی شده است به گفت و گو نشسته ایم.
دکتر رفیعی که در دوران تدریس خود در دانشگاه تهران پژوهش های ارزشمندی داشته است، در گفت وگو با خبرنگار گروه علم و آموزش ایرنا در این خصوص اظهار داشت: در حال حاضر ارتباط لازم و موثر بین بسیاری از وزارتخانه ها از جمله وزارت جهاد کشاورزی با دانشگاه ها و محققان کشورمان برقرار نیست و با مشکل مواجه است و این در حالی است که بسیاری از محققان و اعضای هیات علمی دانشگاه ها روی تحقیقات کاربردی کار می کنند و تحقیقات آنها می تواند در حل مشکلات کشور بسیار اثرگذار باشد.
وی یکی از مشکلات اساسی محققان کشورمان در حوزه پژوهش را جدا بودن سازمان ها و بخش صنعت از دانشگاه ها دانست و در مورد یک کار تحقیقاتی انجام شده توسط محققان کشورمان برای یک مرکز پژوهشی در کشور چین گفت: چینی ها از این تحقیق که مربوط به حوزه کشاورزی است به شکل مناسبی استقبال کردند اما از مشابه همین کار تحقیقاتی که در استان های مختلف خودمان انجام دادیم، استقبالی صورت نگرفت.
این پژوهشگر کشورمان در خصوص این طرح پژوهشی توضیح داد: در مورد چند عامل از جمله تاثیر استفاده از نهاده ها و کود کشاورزی و همچنین بهره وری انرژی و میزان آلایندگی برای کشت محصول «سیر» در ۱۰۰ مزرعه استان همدان در سطوح مختلف کار مطالعاتی انجام دادیم و مرحله صفر تا صد تولید را رصد کردیم.
وی افزود: نتیجه این کار تحقیقاتی به راحتی می توانست به عنوان یک الگو مطرح و به کشاورزان آموزش داده شود، به طوری که سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان همدان بر اساس این پژوهش برای کشاورزان وضعیت استفاده از نهاده های کشاورزی و کود را برای افزایش بازدهی و بهره وری بیشتر تعریف کند اما توجهی به نتیجه این طرح بزرگ پژوهشی نشد.
استاد، گروه ماشینهای کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران بیان کرد: بیشتر تحقیقاتی که محققان دانشگاه ها در حوزه مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی انجام می دهند، کاربردی است؛ چراکه مزرعه را از نزدیک رصد و به صورت واقعی داده برداری می کنند و اکثرا به دلیل آنکه داده های خود را با علم مربوطه تلفیق می کنند، به نتایج کاربردی می رسند.
وی همچنین با ذکر مثال دیگری از اقدامات پژوهشی خود در مورد هدفمند کردن ارائه سوبسید به بخش کشاورزی و بهینه سازی مصرف انرژی که به گفته خودش مورد استفاده وزارت نیرو واقع نشده است، گفت: سال ۱۳۹۴ طرحی را به پژوهشگاه نیرو ارائه کردم که درخصوص یکی از مسائل جدی این وزارتخانه از جمله ارائه سوبسید در حوزه کشاورزی بود که لازم بود بالغ بر ۲۰ درصد سوبسید کشور در این بخش هزینه شود.
رفیعی افزود: در گام نخست محتوای آموزشی این کار تحقیقاتی را در سال ۱۳۹۶ آماده و به کارشناسان و کشاورزان ارائه کردیم مثلا اگر چاهی داریم که استحصال آب انجام می دهد، بر اساس این الگو باید ابتدا موتور چاه سرویس و شرایط آن بهینه شود تا مصرف برق آن کاهش پیدا کند، اما در حوزه کشاورزی خیلی از آن استقبال نشد و خیلی راحت این سوبسید پرداخت می شود.
وی گفت: این در حالی است که می توانستیم بر اساس این کار پژوهشی یک الگو مصرف انرژی برای کشاورزان تعریف کنیم به طوری که هر کسی بر اساس این الگو موتور چاه خود را تعمیر و نگهداری کند یا مثلا مصرف انرژی در گلخانه کشاورزی خود را متناسب با شرایط تعریف شده طراحی کند. از طرفی سوبسید برق برای آنها لحاظ شود و به مابقی سوبسید تعلق نگیرد اما هنگامی که برق به عنوان یک سرمایه ملی در کشورمان ارزان است، کشاورز نیز با دریافت این سوبسیدها دیگر توجهی به موضوع مهم بهینه سازی مصرف انرژی ندارد.
استاد، گروه ماشینهای کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران همچنین در پاسخ به این سوال که چرا بیشتر مدیران اجرایی کشورمان از پژوهش های کاربردی استفاده نمی کنند، اظهار داشت: به دلیل اینکه مدیر یک نهاد و سازمان کار خود را مجزا از دانشگاه می داند و با تاثیر پژوهش در رفع مشکلات یک سیستم و اینکه یک تحقیق کاربردی چقدر می تواند در رفع مشکلات آن سازمان موثر باشد، آشنا نیست و در ادامه نیز کسی هم از او بازخواست نمی کند که چرا برای رفع مشکلات، از راهکارهای پیشنهادی دانشگاه ها استفاده نمی شود.
وی گفت: در بسیاری از موارد کار تحقیقاتی مناسب داشته ایم اما مشتری نداشته و مورد استقبال دولتی ها به عنوان حوزه اجرایی کشور قرار نگرفته است؛ در واقع بسیاری از سازمان ها پژوهش های دانشگاهی را دنبال نمی کنند.
این محقق اظهار داشت: برخی معتقدند که دانشگاه ها برای خودشان کار تحقیقاتی انجام می دهند اما واقعیت این است که اگر سازمان ها و مراکز مشکلات و دغدغه های خود را به دانشگاه ها ارجاع دهند، کارهای پژوهشی دانشگاه ها هم در مسیر رفع نیازها و مشکلات کشور خواهد بود اما وقتی به دانشگاه ها سفارش کار نمی دهند و اهمیتی برای پژوهش قائل نیستند، واقعا نمی شود کار موثری انجام داد.<|endoftext|>The article begins, "The Morristown National Historical Park (MNHP), located in Morristown, New Jersey, may not seem a destination point for anyone researching the history of the members of the Supreme Court. The park is noted more for being the site of two winter encampments during the Revolutionary War; one abbreviated stay in 1777, and a longer stay in 1779-1780. Morristown is also known as the first historical park in the National Park Service, having been signed into existence by President Herbert Hoover on March 2, 1933. Twenty years after the creation of the Park to commemorate the winter encampments, local investment banker Lloyd W. Smith, who had already donated over seven hundred acres of land to the park, decided to leave his vast book and manuscript collection to the park as well. The Park Service had little experience in running libraries and although MNHP staff made every effort to make the collection available to researchers, the vast majority of the archival collection has gone unnoticed for fifty years..."
For the full article in print, click on the images below.
Pfister, Jude M. "Morristown NHP Supreme Court Manuscripts." The Supreme Court Historical Society. Quarterly. Vol. 31. Number 4. 2009.
*Permission to publish was kindly granted by The Supreme Court Historical Society.<|endoftext|>尽管速掠超能在我的战斗中占据极大的实力比重，但静止超能对锉刀的意义也同样重要，倘若两种超能的效果都降至为零，那么胜负比拼的就是别的东西。在这个意识态的世界里，越是往下，我这个半吊子的意识行走者必然比仅能巩固自身表层意识的锉刀更有优势，而这样的判断，正是我选择意识态为战场的重要原因之一。
我向锉刀扑去的同时，锉刀也在酝酿反击，她的反击究竟是以何种方式表现尚未可知，但是，我的确比在物质态世界里更进一步贴近了她的身前。锉刀已经摆出躲闪反击的架势，一种沉重的迟滞感作用在我的身上，更在身体周边呈现出各式各样的枪炮热兵器，让我陡然有一种既视感。不过，哪怕这次攻击只是试探，我也可以感受到速掠超能的效果下降，和静止超能的效果下降，哪一个更加明显。我的速度仍旧快上一线，这既是速掠超能的效果，也是对比之下，静止超能更加虚弱的缘故。于是，试探转变为强攻，我毫不客气地在周遭的枪炮开火前，在锉刀完成闪避前，抓住了她抬起来试图反击的手臂。
我从来都不觉得自己可以在这样的条件下，就能够一举击败锉刀。哪怕战斗环境转变对她肯定有影响，而且肯定没有我这般适应，但是，锉刀仍旧在战斗意识、经验和本能种种方面上，都位于这一次末日幻境中极为强大的档次，倘若排除神秘力量的加成，我甚至觉得，锉刀其实是硬实力更强的一方。这和锉刀是不是女性没有关系，身为雇佣兵，她的一生几乎都是在战斗中度过的，而学习成长的方向也围绕战斗展开，而我不过就是一介普通的高中生而已。
所以，才绝对不能放过任何可以转变强弱立场的因素我抓住锉刀的手，在她发力转动手臂，几乎将我的身体抛起来时，我已经顺着这股力量翻过她的头顶，抓住她的脑袋。如果她的反应慢上一点，我就可以直接扭断她的脖子，但情况显然和我预料的一样，锉刀的反应很快，而比她的身体动作更快一步的，正是她在周遭显现出来的枪炮。
枪炮声混为一响，在连锁判定的视角中，数不清的弹药就像是要将我和锉刀一起打成马蜂窝一样，如果我继续扭断锉刀脖子的动作，那么，在速掠超能效果被削减的这个意识态深度，我同样无法逃离这片弹幕的集火。这不是对速掠超能的不信任，而是有这么一种外在的力量迫使我产生这样的感觉。在这个意识态世界里，这种足以影响意识的力量比任何看似物理现象的力量更加的强大，也更加敏感。而让我产生这种感觉的，正是锉刀本人，或许她比我想象中更加习惯在这个意识态世界里战斗，我似乎也小看了在她这样身经百战的战士的意识中开辟战场的难度。
显然，锉刀的意识正在干涉我的意识，这种干涉以十分表面化，乃至于可视的方式表现出来。在我的身周，一圈圈宛如绳索的东西已经形成，只是在我的排斥下，没能第一时间锁紧。漫天的弹幕开始在连锁判定中呈现轨迹偏转，我试图扭断锉刀脖子的手传来更加强大的阻力，那是静止超能再一次发挥作用，尽管已经不能达到“静止”，但是，这种程度的阻力仍旧让锉刀成功脱离了我的掌心。
我来不及去剖析这些一而再，再而三对我的攻击进行阻挠，设下陷阱的情况，究竟是不是静止超能的运用，尽管无论是束缚身体的“绳索”还是阻挡运动的“阻力”，都似乎可以和静止超能扯上关系。在确实遭到束缚和阻挡，同时被从天上地下，周遭三百六十度集火的情况下，我的选择并不多。
在被炮火命中之前，我就已经听到了乌鸦的叫声，亦或者说，我想听到这个叫声。在无限深远的黑暗中，那声音既模糊又足以让人听到，就连锉刀也不由得缓了缓动作，并不是因为被突然传来的声音吓到了，而明显是一种选择：在听到这个声音后，究竟是加速攻击，还是留下余力进行防御。换做是我大概会继续进攻吧，但是，锉刀的想法似乎更趋近于稳健。
在锉刀做出选择之前，我不确定她会做出怎样的选择，但在她做出选择之后，哪怕只是稍稍一缓，也让我找到了反击的空隙。速掠超能比大多数高速性质的神秘力量都擅长针对动作改变之时产生的破绽，而我也早就习惯了瞄准这种破绽。这种破绽并不是常识中因为因为动作不到位才产生的空挡，而是在运动改变的时候必然存在的不和谐，一个最简单的例子：一个向前运动的物体，在突然向后退的时候，进和退这两个相对立的运动方向，会让整个运动变得不那么连贯，哪怕没有惯性也无法完全弥补由进转退的一瞬间产生的空隙。这一点放大到看似完美的曲线运动上也是一样的，只要描述运动的因素发生变化，这个变化的瞬间就必然存在空隙。倘若深入到频率和弦理论的范畴，就连时空都不是连续的，微观上的运动更会直接解剖相对宏观的运动，在意识态之外，速掠超能的极速足以抓住这些正常方式下无法抓住的空隙。
而在意识态世界里，速掠超能虽然会被削弱，亦或者说，让人觉得速度的提升有了一个天花板，但是，相对性仍旧是存在的，要抓住并不处于高速运动状态的锉刀的动作空隙，绝对不是什么困难的事情。
我对锉刀在意识态中的战斗能力不熟悉，反过来说，她对我也是如此。
就在锉刀的动作缓了缓的瞬间，使魔夸克已经出现在身边。它本来早已经不存在，却又必然存在于我的意识中，所以，我在这里，它也定然存在于这里，哪怕是在锉刀的意识态中，我也坚信，它始终就在我的身边，因此，它在我希望它出现的时候出现，对我而言，反而是最不值得奇怪的状况。
尽管刚出现时是乌鸦的形态，但是，夸克的变化比我们的反应更快。一如我希望的那样，在炮火命中之前，夸克已经化作一片扩展的阴影，在更加黑暗的背景中，虽然朦胧却可以看到，那并不具备一个明显的轮廓，更像是从黑暗中延伸出来的色泽偏淡的不定形区域。这片黑暗中的阴影一出现就将我和锉刀笼罩在内，瞬间前是平铺开来的样子，瞬间后就已经是一个包裹了。
在这个阴影的包裹中，除了我和锉刀之外再无其他，哪怕无法看到阴影之外的情况，我也知道，在这一刻，我和锉刀所在的位置就已经不是枪炮集火的中心了。
阴影跳跃，这是乌鸦使魔“夸克”的拿手好戏。而在这片意识态的黑暗中，整个阴影跳跃的过程更是顺滑，那些原本会让人感到不适的现象都消失了。若非我心中肯定，否则，在无法观测到参照物的情况下，也很难相信我们已经被移动到了其它位置。
锉刀似乎没有太多的感觉。尽管被阴影包裹，但是，夸克的确没有更具针对性的攻击能力。意识到这一点的锉刀再度对我强攻而来。
我们之间是如此贴近，肉搏技术仿佛就成了唯一的较量我不知道她会不会这么想，但是，在意识态世界里，肉搏当然也是一种近身战的方式，但却不是唯一的方式。在这个地方战斗，想象力固然重要，然而，制约想象力的因素也有很多，无论是从战斗习惯出发，还是从战斗意识出发，亦或者从自身的想象力出发，试图营造出“在我的意识世界里，我就是神”的情况，是很难做到的，意识态世界中的强弱胜负，不是那么简单的东西。
强大的意识行走者可以在自己的意识中，针对普通人营造出“宛如神明”的效果，但是，意识行走者和意识行走者之间，同样意志坚定的战士之间，哪怕一方在另一方的意识主场，也无法达成如此大的差距。更何况，人的想象力是有极限的，而在意识态的世界里，不被人类自身认知到的因素，要比人们自己所认为的，所能够想象的还要多，而且，是多得多，多了不知该
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ico The Disney Compendium e Il Fumettazzo, curioso esperimento di critica a fumetti. Dal 2011 collabora inoltre anche con Disney: scrive articoli per Topolino e Paperinik, e realizza progetti come la Topopedia e I Love Paperopoli.
Scheda tecnica
- Titolo originale: Man, Monsters and Mysteries
- Anno: 1974
- Durata:
- Produzione: Les Clark
- Regia: Les Clark
- Cast: Sebastian Cabot, Sterling Holloway
Credits
|Nome||Ruolo|
|Sebastian Cabot||Cast (Narratore)|
|Les Clark||Produttore; Regista|
|Sterling Holloway||Cast (Nessie)|<|endoftext|>Is This Wall Structural?
As you plan a remodeling job, you'll begin to see your house in a new light. Things that appeared permanent before -- walls, for example -- may not seem that way anymore. You'll soon realize that almost any alteration is possible if you are willing to do the work and bear the expense. Before you get carried away and start knocking down walls, however, you need to understand that there are two kinds of walls in a house: bearing (or structural) and nonbearing (or partition) walls.
Bearing walls help carry the weight of the building and its contents to the ground. Partition walls simply divide interior space. It is far easier to remove or relocate a partition wall than it is to do the same to a bearing wall. In many cases you may want to rethink your project before deciding to remove or modify a bearing wall.How to spot the difference
The next step in planning is to determine whether an interior wall is a bearing wall. This book deals with interior remodeling only, so discussion is limited to interior walls.
If the wall runs parallel to the ceiling and floor joists, it is probably not a bearing wall. Short closet walls, for example, usually are not bearing. If the wall runs perpendicular to the ceiling and floor joists, there is a good chance it is a bearing wall.
How can you tell which way the joists run? Most of the time joists run perpendicular to the roof's ridgeline. If the wall is under an attic, go up and see if the joists cross over the wall. If joists end on top of a wall, it definitely is a bearing wall. If the attic has floorboards, they run across the joists; you'll see the lines of nails where they are fastened to the joists. If your roof is supported by trusses, the answer is simpler. Trusses have diagonal pieces that run from the attic floor to the rafters. They transfer the weight of the roof to the outside walls, so all the interior walls in the story directly below are probably partition walls.
If you can't check above, check below. Is there a wall directly under the one you want to remove or modify? If there is, they both are probably bearing walls. If there is a basement or crawlspace below the wall you want to change, go there and see if a beam supported by posts or piers is directly under the wall. If so, you can assume the wall above is bearing.
If you still have doubts, hire a carpenter or a structural engineer to help you.
- Home Design Styles
- Building Interior Walls: How to Frame & Build a Wall
- Customizing Walls: How to Customize Interior Walls
- Baseboards: How to Install Baseboard Molding
- Crown Molding: How to Cut & Install Crown Moldings
- Project Ideas
- Woodworking & Carpentry Tools
- Choosing Lumber Materials
- Woodworking Tips & Techniques
- Paint & Wood Finishing Secrets<|endoftext|>Gıdalarda bulunan toplam su nem olarak ifade edilir. Bu su ise yapıda serbest ve bağlı su olarak iki farklı formda bulunur. Bağlı su, gıda içerisinde diğer moleküllere bağlı olarak bulunur. Hareketi kısıtlıdır ve dondurulamaz. Kimyasal ve biyokimyasal reaksiyonlarda ve mikroorganizma faaliyetlerinde kullanılamaz.
Su Aktivitesi ve Nem Arasındaki Fark
Serbest su, çözücü özelliği gösterir ve soğutulduğunda donabilir. Mikroorganizma faaliyetlerinde ve biyokimyasal reaksiyonlarda bu bağımsız (serbest) su etkilidir. Yine suyun sebep olduğu fiziksel değişmeler gıdada bulunan bağımsız su ile ilişkilidir. (Mesela %13 rutubet ihtiva eden buğday kuru hissini verdiği halde, %8 nemli fındık elastik ve yas hissini verir).
Aynı toplam rutubete sahip gıdada yağ (suyu tutmayan), karbonhidrat ve protein (suyu tutan) gibi bileşenlerin değişmesi su aktivitesini önemli ölçüde değiştirir. Bu nedenle su aktivitesi, yağ ve karbonhidrat miktarı değişken ürünler için toplam suya nazaran daha objektif bir ölçüdür.
Su Aktivitesi ve nem arasındaki fark ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır.<|endoftext|>قارچ ۲۵۰ گرم
پیاز ۱ عدد
خامه ۱ پیمانه
روغن ۲ قاشق غذا خوری
نمک و فلفل به مقدار لازم
دستور پخت :
قارچها را در قطعات کوچک خرد کنید.
پیاز را نگینی کنید.
قارچ را در تابه به مدت ۵ دقیقه تفت دهید.
پیاز و نمک و فلفل را به تابه اضافه کنید و اجازه دهید تا نرم شوند
خامه را به مواد اضافه کنید و اجازه دهید تا به جوش آید پس از به جوش آمدن به مدت ۵ دقیقه روی حرارت ملایم مرتب هم بزنید و سپس سس را سرد و یا گرم سرو نمایید.<|endoftext|>Mind control via laser is a reality, but so far has been used exclusively to make tiny worms wriggle and lay eggs (which they would be doing anyway). Scientific American reports, with no word on when this will be applicable to human subjects:
Scientists have come a step closer to gaining complete control over a mind, even if that mind belongs to a creature the size of a grain of sand. A team at Harvard University has built a computerized system to manipulate worms—making them start and stop, giving them the sensation of being touched, and even prompting them to lay eggs, as seen in the video above—by stimulating their neurons individually with laser light, all while the worms swim freely in a petri dish. The technology may help neuroscientists for the first time gain a complete understanding of the workings of an animal’s nervous system.
The worm in question, Caenorhabditis elegans, is one of the most extensively studied organisms in biology: researchers have completely mapped and classified its cells—each individual has exactly 1,031— including its 302 neurons and the 5,000 or so connections among them. But science still does not know exactly “how neurons work together in a network,” says Andrew Leifer, a graduate student in biophysics at Harvard, For example, how does the worm coordinate its 100 or so muscles to relax and contract in a wave pattern as the worm swims?
To find out, Leifer and his collaborators genetically engineered the one-millimeter-long nematode worm to make particular cells in its body sensitive to light, a technique called optogenetics, developed in recent years by Stanford University psychiatrist and bioengineer Karl Deisseroth. Because the worm’s body is transparent, sharply focused lasers, pointed with an accuracy of 30 microns, could turn on or suppress individual neurons with no need for electrodes or other invasive methods. Leifer placed a microscope on a custom-built stage to track the worm as it swam around in a dish. He also wrote software that analyzed the microscope’s images to locate the target neurons, and then pointed and fired the lasers accordingly—all at a rate of 50 frames per second.
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While children typically gain invaluable knowledge and experience in the classroom, purposeful activities done outside of that setting can help encourage kids to keep learning and make family moments more enjoyable for everyone involved.
From planning trips that celebrate animals and the great outdoors to rainy day activities at home that inspire creative expression, these ideas can produce some family moments worth remembering.
1. Go on a scavenger hunt. From native species of plants, animals and insects to neighborhood landmarks, there are plenty of interesting things that can be found right in your own backyard. Organize a scavenger hunt and work together in teams of family members to search for each item on the list, then do more research on the things you found once you return home. For a real challenge, expand your hunt to the city limits of your hometown and make a day trip of the adventure.
2. Hang out with wildlife. Learn about different species of animals, how to help protect them and the importance of eco-friendly everyday practices by visiting a destination like an Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA)-accredited zoo or aquarium. You can explore the challenges facing endangered species, discover how community programs are spurring positive change for conservation and learn more at aza.org. After learning about animals that need help, you can visit zebrapen.com/aza for fun kids games, coloring pages and other activities that encourage creativity. Many animal sanctuaries and wildlife recovery centers also have endangered species and offer educational information about them.
3. Visit a national park. Many park ranger programs provide opportunities to interact with the animals that live in the area, as well as information about any endangered animals and how you can help with conservation efforts. While in the park, you can also enjoy a nature hike, have a picnic lunch and view the different species of plants in the region.
4. Enjoy an arts and crafts day. Spending time doing an art project is a hands-on way to help introduce kids to new ideas and ways of learning. Engage the entire family by creating crafts with different subjects of interest. This can help create conversations and opportunities to further explore what your children are interested in.
5. Organize a game day. A play day can be just as fun as it is educational. Choose from a variety of games that can allow players to get extra creative. Options like Pictionary or charades tap into different types of creative skills, which can keep everyone engaged while they’re learning to express themselves effectively in new ways.<|endoftext|>Gaza, giornata di sangue: 18 morti
Il ministro palestinese: "Sparate sui soldati".
L’Onu invierà una missione di verifica nella zona
Il ministro della difesa israeliano: "Operazione legittima".
GAZA – Tensione altissima nella Striscia di Gaza. In meno di 24 ore, dall’inizio dell’offensiva dell’esercito, sono morti 17 palestinesi e un soldato israeliano. Il ministro dell’interno palestinese Said Siam di Hamas, ha ordinato in serata alle forze di polizia di aprire il fuoco sulle truppe israeliane. E’ la prima volta che un membro dell’esecutivo dà un ordine del genere.
Il bilancio al momento è questo: undici morti a Beit Lahiya e Khan Younis, due erano membri di Hamas. Un civile palestinese ucciso ad Alatra. Due membri della Jihad islamica ad Abassane. L’altra notte, colpiti a morte, un agente palestinese e due membri di Hamas.
"L’ingresso delle forze di sicurezza israeliane nel nord della Striscia di Gaza era un passo necessario che non poteva essere evitato", ha dichiarato il ministro della Difesa israeliano Amir Peretz durante un colloquio con il premier Ehud Olmert. "Il passo è parte di una operazione prolungata che è stata programmata. Il fatto che ci muoviamo in modo graduale e calcolato dà legittimità all’operazione".
L’operazione è iniziata la scorsa notte: truppe e blindati sono entrati per una profondità di 5-6 chilometri, avviando quella che la radio di stato israeliana ha definito come "la più ampia operazione dell’esercito dal ritiro di Israele dalla Striscia", quasi undici mesi fa. Il gabinetto politico-militare che ha autorizzato ieri l’intervento, ha detto di aver ordinato alle truppe di fare tutto il possibile per evitare di colpire la popolazione civile, assicurando che le sue necessità umanitarie saranno tutelate.
Il vicepremier israeliano, Shimon Peres, ha dichiarato alla radio che "l’operazione ha due obiettivi espliciti: il primo è di impedire che siano lanciati razzi Qassam contro le città di Ashdod, Ashqelon, Sderot e contro i kibbutz dell’area e perciò la maggior parte dell’attività è nel nord della Striscia; nel sud invece il fine è di impedire che il soldato rapito (Ghilad Shalit) sia trasferito da un posto all’altro".
Alcuni testimoni riferiscono che è stato aperto il fuoco contro miliziani palestinesi che avevano sparato sette razzi anticarro contro blindati israeliani in forze nell’area di Khan Yunes. Le truppe israeliane hanno raggiunto l’area nella quale sorgevano gli insediamenti ebraici di Dugit, Nissanit e Elei Sinai, il sito dal quale ieri sera sono stati sparati razzi Qassam che hanno colpito la città di Ashkelon (120 mila abitanti), causando uno stato di shock a otto persone e lievi danni.
Il Consiglio Onu per i Diritti umani ha acconsentito oggi a inviare una missione di valutazione nei territori palestinesi per verificare presunte violazioni dei diritti umani attribuiti all’esercito israeliano nell’offensiva in corso. La decisione è stata formalizzata in una risoluzione proposta dall’Organizzazione per la Conferenza islamica che ha invocato anche la fine dell’offensiva israeliana.
Stamane, secondo la radio, il valico di Karni, tra Israele e la Striscia, è stato riaperto per permettere a un centinaio di autocarri di trasportare nella striscia generi di prima necessità raccolti da organizzazioni internazionali e umanitarie.
(6 luglio 2006)<|endoftext|>ARABİSTAN’IN YEMEN’DE İŞLEDİĞİ CİNAYETLERİN ARDI ARKASI KESİLMİYOR
İnsan hakları gözlemcileri Arabistan’a misket bombaları sattığından dolayı Amerika’yı eleştirirken Riyad’dan da uluslararası kanunlara göre yasak olan bu tür silahları kullanmamasını istediler.
Tesnim Haber Ajansı- HRW'nin İnsan Hakları İzleme Örgütü'nün Silah Bölümü Direktörü ve Misket Bombaları Koalisyonu (CMC) Başkanı Steve Goos, Cuma günü Washington’dan uluslararası kanunlar esasınca yasak olan silahların üretim ve satışını durdurmasını istedi.
Steve Goos şöyle konuştu: Amerika Arabistan’a misket bombaları satmıştır. Çoğu ülkelere sivillere verdiği zarardan ötürü (bu silahların üretim ve satışından) uzak duruyorlar.
Arabistan Yemen veya her hangi bir yerde misket bombalarını kullanmayı durdurmalıdır ve Amerika bu silahların üretim ve satışını sürdürmemelidir.
Hayatını kaybeden sivillerin sayısının gün geçtikçe arttığını gösteren belgeler bulunmasına rağmen Arabistan şu ana kadar Yemen’de CBU-105 tipi sensor tapalı misket bombası gibi çeşitli misket bombalarını kullanmıştır.
Yemen’e yapılan birkaç saldırının ardından bugün “Sensor tapalı” silahların iddia edildiği gibi güvenilir veya akıllı misket bombaları olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Amerika onların eksiklikleri hususunda belgelerin ortaya çıkmasının ardından artık bu silahların üretim ve satışını durdurmalıdır.
Misket bombaları, içerisinde onlarca veya yüzlerce küçük misketler barındıran, genellikle bir futbol sahası kadar geniş alana yayıldıktan sonra patlayan küme bombalarıdır.<|endoftext|>در ادامه روند نزولی ، قیمت بیت کوین بیش از ۱۰۰۰ دلار سقوط کرد. این سقوط باعث شد تا شاهد رسیدن پادشاه ارزهای دیجیتال به حمایت روانی ۱۸,۰۰۰ دلاری باشیم. در حال حاضر هم هر واحد بیت کوین در محدوده ۱۸,۲۰۰ دلار معامله می شود.
به گزارش کوین دسک، دیروز قیمت بیت کوین از ۱۸,۷۷۰ دلار کاهش یافت و به ۱۸,۰۳۱ دلار رسید. در حال حاضر شاهد احیای اندک قیمت و رسیدن آن به ۱۸,۲۰۰ دلار هستیم.
آخرین باری که بیت کوین چنین سقوطی را تجربه کرد، ۱ دسامبر (۱۱) آذر بود. در آن زمان قیمت بیت کوین اوج تاریخی ۱۹,۹۲۰ دلاری را ثبت کرد و پس از آن سقوطی ۱,۰۰۰ دلاری داشت.
کی یانگ جو (Ki Young Ju)، مدیرعامل کریپتوکوانت (CryptoQuant)، از حجم بالای بیت کوین هایی که توسط نهنگ ها در بازار عرضه شده است، بهعنوان عاملی برای این کاهش قیمت یاد کرده است. او در این باره می گوید:
وقتی که بحث کاهش قیمت بیت کوین در کوتاه مدت پیش می آید، فکر می کنم که مهمترین مسئله، داده های عرضه و تقاضا باشد. فکر می کنم که این سقوط از نهنگ هایی آغاز شد که بیت کوین های خود را در صرافی ها و آماده برای ایجاد موقعیت های فروش نگه داشته بودند.
برخی دیگر عنوان کردند که برداشت سود از سوی سرمایه گذاران و معامله گران از دیگر دلایل این سقوط قیمت بود. لوکاس هوانگ (Lucas Huang)، مدیر بخش رشد صرافی غیرمتمرکز توکنلون (Tokenlon)، با اشاره به رویکرد سرمایه گذاران خرد، گفت:
با تکیه بر این رویکرد، صعود ۸۰ درصدی قیمت بیت کوین در عرض ۲ ماه، بیش از انداز وسوسه برانگیز است که بشود آن را برداشت نکرد.
از سوی دیگر، نگرش وال استریتی ها هم در این کاهش قیمت بی تأثیر نبوده است. تایلر رادکی (Tyler Rodke)، تحلیل گر سیتی بانک (Citibank)، به مایکرواستراتژی پیشنهاد کرده بود که بیت کوین های خود را بفروشد. بهعقیده وی، خوشنودی آنها از قیمت بیت کوین در شرایط فعلی بیش از اندازه است.
صد البته نباید فراموش کرد که
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10 | 1 | 1 |
this Neo-Traditional seahorse tattoo looks really badass and masculine. On the whole, this is how the colors have to look like, this is how the outline has to look like and this is how a good solid tattoo has to look like.
#16. Hypnotizing Seahorse Outline Tattoo
The bizarre leafy sea dragon looks rather like seaweed than the seahorse. Inspired by the sea life, this tattoo has the detailed line work all the way through it and looks phenomenally beautiful on the hip.
#17. Breath-taking Seahorse Skeleton Tattoo for Girls
This is what can come out of the artistic use of the negative space contrasting to rich heavy black shading. The black and gray realistic skeleton of sea horse is absolutely breath-taking.
#18. Nice Blue Seahorse Tattoo for Men Behind the Ear
You have the chance to show the world what a great and caring father you are with the help on nice bold colorful seahorse tattoo behind the ear! Since male seahorses can deliver the offspring, the seahorse tattoo symbolizes fatherhood.
#19. Incredibly Beautiful Linework Seahorse Tattoo Design
With the minimum of shading and some of the most consistent lines, this seahorse tattoo grabs your attention and makes to fall in love with every single line.
#20. Catchy Black Seahorse Tattoo for Men on Leg
A seahorse is a truly unique creature. Being a fish the seahorse rather looks like a knight chess piece with a tail. In this black tattoo, some really dark areas let the light areas and white highlights stand out more so the piece is well-seen from the distance.
#21. Phenomenal Seahorse Tattoo for Men on Forearm
If to look at seahorse tattoos from the side of creativity symbolism, they are great for artists, musicians and actors. Just check out how cool this seahorse look with its belly designed as a piano keyboard!
#22. Truly Unique Seahorse Tattoo Image
A tattoo depicting seahorse may signify the contentment of being who you really are without wearing masks or expressing fake emotions. The ground for this symbolism hides in the seahorses’ absence of evolution because they haven’t changed since their inception.
#23. Magnificent Seahorse With Triangle Tattoo on Back
Overall, this seahorse tattoo has a very simplistic feel but when you look closer at areas like its tail and body, the detail is just incredible. Placed in front of the blue triangle that represents vast oceanic depth this black and gray seahorse tattoo is awesome.
#24. Attractive Seahorse Tattoo on Wrist in Black and Gray
Instead of just tattooing a figure of the seahorse alone, a tattoo artist has made a very clever decision and added those thin lines and circles to the image so the design works nicely with the wrist of this lady.
#25. Badass Color Seahorse Tattoo Pic on the Head
Not only the colorful seahorse design shows this girl creativity and patience but also the fact that the tattoo sits on the head which is a quite painful spot to get tattooed.
#26. Jaw-dropping Simple Seahorse Tattoo for Boys
For those of you who don’t believe that it is possible to do the jaw-dropping tattoo with just a single needle, we have found this stick and poke seahorse tattoo design that is very clean and has its wow effect.
#27. Interesting Small Sea Horse Tattoo Idea in Gray Hues
Check out those cute water bubbles around the seahorse. They really give the feel of underwater and bring life to the whole composition. As we see, due to the interesting bending shape, the seahorse can make good filler for any-theme tattoo sleeves.
#28. Splendid Tiny Seahorse Tattoo in Classic Style
Back in the day, there was a limited range of colors so tattooists relied on strong bold black outlines to create contrast with the primary colors. Traditional tattoos are still as cool and strong as they were back then. This seahorse tattoo is the best proof for our words.
#29. Timeless Traditional Seahorse Tattoo Design
When it comes to color tattooing, the simple bold traditional seahorse tattoo is what will be solid when it’s healed and for the long term.
#30. Creative Tribal Seahorse Tattoo for Guys
If you find realistic images of seahorse too busy, there tons of creative and interesting ethnic designs like this intricate Polynesian seahorse tattoo to inspire you.
#31. Marvelous Watercolor Seahorse Tattoo
In addition to seahorse odd look, it can mimic corals like a chameleon. While pretending to be oceanic surface seahorse simply waits for food to drift by. This ability is symbolic of patience and persistence and often becomes the number one reason for getting inked with a seahorse design.
#32. The Best Seahorse Tattoo in Neo-traditional Style
If Neo Traditional style wasn’t your first option of the seahorse design, this amazing piece may change your mind. The colors are so strong and vibrant that this aquatic tattoo leaves no choice for you but get it.
#33. Super Cute Purple Seahorse Tattoo in New School Style
Super vibrant saturated colors, googly eyes and exaggerated parts of the body – all of these are the features of this cool New School seahorse tattoo. Plus, that cute pink pompadour that resembles Elvis hairstyle surely adds the zest to the tattoo.
#34. Unique Light Gray Seahorse Tattoo Idea
The thing that the outlines are interrupted in some places of the seahorse image is a nice touch. In addition to those cool contours, the imitation of the brush strokes in the shading really makes this tattoo above the elbow unique!
#35. Sharp Contrast Seahorse Tattoo
This black Dotwork seahorse tattoo is flawless. Having these negative skin areas come out of dark parts of seahorse body is the best way to show contrast.
#36. Beautiful Mermaid and Seahorse Color Tattoo Not Medusa Gorgon
Seducing men with the sweet voice and dragging them to the bottom of the ocean, mermaids are seen in various mythologies all over the world. However, in tattooing mermaids serve as talismans for sailors. Portrayed with other oceanic creatures like the seahorse, mermaids create beautiful aquatic tattoos.
#37. Unique Hybrid T Rex-seahorse Tattoo
We have no clue why this guy combined two absolutely different creatures in one hybrid tattoo but the seahorse with the head of T-Rex looks so cool, doesn’t it?
#38. Interesting and Original Seahorse Tattoo for Men
This amazing tattoo concept reflects seahorse’s ability to camouflage. The same tones of gray washes of corals at the background and seahorse itself at the foreground make them blend together so it is really hard to tell where the seahorse is.
#39. Inspiring Seahorse Tattoo in Sketch Style
All of these sharp chaotic lines that come out of the image create an interesting look of the unfinished drawing in this black sketch seahorse tattoo.
#40. Vibrant Colorful Abstract Seahorse Tattoo
If you already have marine tattoos, seahorse probably will not be your first option for another aquatic tattoo. Yet after you take a look at this colorful abstract seahorse tattoo, you will definitely want to book your next appointment at the tattoo shop.
#41. Cool-looking Seahorse Tattoo in Dotwork
We love how the tattoo artist made an accent on the armor-like body frame of the seahorse by adding strong heavy black dot shading on each scale. Thanks to the softly shaded background and bold contours, this black and gray seahorse tattoo really pops off the skin.
#42. Nice Detailed Tattoo of the Swimming Seahorse
Seahorses are known for their effortless approach in finding food. They drift with the current and pretend corals or seaweed. This seahorse tattoo undoubtedly has the water motion feel and can the perfect option for people who live on the “let it be” principle.
#43. Super Bright Pink Seahorse Tattoo Idea for Girls
It is not a secret that girls adore saturated vibrant colors. If you like bright colors as well, get inspired by the blending of purple and pink colors in this super bright seahorse tattoo that nicely sits on the woman’s bicep.
#44. Cute Little Seahorse With Big Eyes as Tattoo Filler Idea
Even if a seahorse isn’t the first thought that came to your head while choosing a tattoo design, it can become beautiful tattoo gap filler for some aquatic sleeve like this black and gray seahorse with star fish.
#45. Lovely Couple of Seahorses in a Bottle Tattoo
Many seahorses choose their partner for a lifetime, thus, portraying two cute sea horses holding each other’s tail inside the bottle meets the only reasonable explanation – these two symbolize endless love.
#46. Unusual Colorful Seahorse Tattoo
As we know these horse-alike fish can easily change their color to protect themselves from being eaten. Choosing colorful seahorse for a tattoo design not only points on your adaptability but will also put a smile on your face on a dull rainy autumn day.
#47. Amazing Skeleton of Seahorse Tattoo
The skeleton of this seahorse reminds some kind of coral lost in claws of water waves. Amazing use of gray wash technique allowed the tattoo master to recreate the same shadowing and depth as in the pencil drawing.
#48. The Sophisticated Light Gray Seahorse Tattoo
Light gray values and the absence of clean bold outlines make this seahorse arm tattoo look refined and sophisticated. Those barely seen dotted circles around the seahorse are a nice touch!<|endoftext|>سیدرضا غلامی، با اشاره به ضرورت حفظ نکات در طبخ غذای گرم، یادآور شد: یکی از نکات مهم در سلامت غذای گرم، رعایت بهداشت فردی کسانی است که در تهیه، طبخ و توزیع نذورات، درگیر هستند. از سوی دیگر، رعایت بهداشت محیط طبخ و توزیع غذا نیز اهمیت زیادی دارد.
وی افزود: با توجه به گرمای هوا، توصیه میشود غذای گرم بسته بندی، بیش از دو ساعت در فضای بیرون، نگه داری نشود. عزاداران هم لازم است در سریعترین زمان، غذای نذری را میل کرده و یا سریعاً در یخچال نگهداری کنند.
رئیس اداره بهداشت مواد غذایی و بهسازی اماکن عمومی مرکز سلامت محیط و کار وزارت بهداشت گفت: ظروف یکبار مصرف برای اطعام و نذورات هم باید مناسب و ترجیحاً ظروف یکبار مصرف گیاهی برای غذا و نوشیدنی گرم و ظروف پلاستیکی نازک برای غذا و نوشیدنیهای سرد مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
وی افزود: ظروف یکبار مصرف پلاستیکی، تجزبه پذیر نبوده و تخریب پذیر هستند و ممکن است مشکلاتی را برای محیط زیست و انسانها ایجاد کنند.<|endoftext|>News
Il Rup è legittimato a disattendere un giudizio espresso dalla commissione giudicatrice, o deve invece procedere con la riconvocazione di quest'ultima?
La gara riguardava una complessa fornitura di un processatore per tessuti biologici, il quale avrebbe dovuto essere dotato di un'apparecchiatura dotata di filtri dell'aria in uscita, sistema automatico di aspirazione dei vapori all'apertura della camera e accorgimenti tali da richiedere un numero ridotto di operazioni manuali da parte degli operatori nella sostituzione dei reagenti, carico/scarico solventi e scarico paraffina senza travasi;”.
Nel corso della seduta preordinata alla verifica della regolarità delle offerte, la Commissione tecnica di gara ha affermato che il bene della ricorrente comprendeva “apparecchiature dotate del sistema aspirazione automatica della camera e dell'alloggio per le taniche, completo di filtri. I sistemi di protezione e sicurezza proposti sono nel complesso buoni, pertanto la Commissione propone di assegnare un coefficiente pari ad 0,75 per un punteggio di 10,5.”.
Dopo l'aggiudicazione il RUP richiede chiarimenti in ordine al sistema di aspirazione.
Nonostante le precisazioni della ricorrente la stazione appaltante, nella persona del RUP, dopo aver richiesto il parere di un esperto esterno, ha ritenuto che il prodotto offerto fosse privo del requisito richiesto e cioè del “sistema automatico di aspirazione dei vapori” e ha revocato l'aggiudicazione all'odierna ricorrente, disponendola a favore della controinteressata.
È da ritenersi legittima la revoca? O, meglio, il RUP era o meno titolare del potere di adottare la revoca impugnata, in quanto atto dovuto?
Ecco il ragionamento del Tar Lombardia, Brescia, 25 settembre 2018, n. 906.
“La revoca dell'aggiudicazione, infatti, sarebbe qualificabile come atto dovuto solo se fosse oggettivamente dimostrata la carenza di un requisito ritenuto essenziale per l'ammissibilità dell'offerta, oggettivamente rilevabile dal RUP.
È pur vero che, in applicazione di quella stessa giurisprudenza invocata da parte resistente (Consiglio di Stato, sentenza n. 742/2017), secondo cui la revoca del provvedimento spetta allo stesso soggetto che ha adottato l'atto di primo grado, nel caso di gara, colui che può procedere al ritiro degli atti è la stesso soggetto che ha disposto l'aggiudicazione e, dunque, nel caso in esame, il Dirigente, ma ciò può accadere tout court se il vizio dell'atto di primo grado sia imputabile alla sfera di competenza dello stesso, mentre, in caso contrario, ciò presuppone la rimessione della verifica della legittimità della fase viziata all'organo competente al suo espletamento.
Nella fattispecie in esame, l'illegittima aggiudicazione sarebbe derivata da un errore della commissione tecnica che, secondo il RUP, avrebbe equivocato sull'offerta tecnica, ritenendo che il prodotto offerto possedesse tutti i requisiti essenziali richiesti e, in particolare, un “sistema automatico di aspirazione dei vapori” che, invece, non avrebbe corredato il processatore.
Considerato che la commissione tecnica, nel proprio verbale, afferma il contrario, a fronte del dubbio emerso dopo l'aggiudicazione, il RUP, anziché chiedere un parere terzo per confutare l'affermazione della commissione tecnica, avrebbe dovuto riconvocare quest'ultima per il rinnovo dell'attività.
Se, infatti, il giudizio è, nella fisiologia del procedimento di gara, demandato alla Commissione, che deve accertare il possesso del requisito e attribuire il relativo punteggio, il contrarius actus non può che essere demandato alla Commissione stessa, che deve procedere al rinnovo della valutazione.
Diversamente opinando, quel giudizio che ha condotto a ritenere ammissibile l'offerta da parte della Commissione tecnica, a tal fine appositamente costituita, finirebbe per essere sostituito da un giudizio personale del RUP, che avrebbe così superato la discrezionalità tecnica esercitata dalla Commissione. E che di discrezionalità tecnica e non di mero accertamento del requisito si tratti pare confermato dal fatto che ciò che è contestato non è l'assenza del sistema descritto, ma la possibilità di ricondurlo al concetto di sistema di aspirazione automatica. Possibilità sussistente a fronte della generica descrizione del requisito richiesto, derivante dalla mancata specificazione delle modalità secondo cui l'aspirazione doveva essere garantita.
Tutto quanto sin qui rappresentato vale, in primo luogo, ad escludere che l'atto impugnato fosse un atto dovuto, non essendo oggettiva e comprovata la sussistenza del presupposto, ovvero l'effettiva carenza del requisito richiesto, ma conduce anche a ravvisare la illegittimità della revoca disposta dal RUP, in quanto soggetto non competente, non all'adozione dell'atto di secondo grado in sé, ma all'accertamento della sussistenza del presupposto oggettivo/tecnico per farne discendere le ulteriori conseguenze in ordine alla definizione della gara.
La censurata revoca dell'aggiudicazione risulta, dunque, illegittima per la dedotta carenza del presupposto essenziale, il cui accertamento avrebbe dovuto essere compiuto dalla Commissione tecnica all'uopo riconvocata, sì da consentire alla stessa la valutazione dell'ammissibilità dell'offerta alla luce di quanto successivamente emerso.
A fronte della sussistenza del dubbio circa il possesso del requisito tecnico minimo di cui si controverte, infatti, il RUP avrebbe dovuto annullare l'aggiudicazione, riconvocare la commissione di gara per verificare, in sede di autotutela, se l'offerta di tale concorrente fosse stata legittimamente ammessa o avrebbe dovuto essere esclusa e solo in quest'ultimo caso avrebbe potuto disporre l'esclusione dalla gara della ricorrente e l'aggiudicazione alla controinteressata.
Come chiarito dal giudice d'appello, infatti, non può negarsi il potere della Commissione di gara di riesaminare, nell'esercizio del potere di autotutela, il procedimento di gara già espletato, riaprendolo per emendarlo da errori commessi o da illegittimità verificatesi, in relazione all'eventuale illegittima ammissione o esclusione dalla gara di un'impresa concorrente (Consiglio di Stato, sez. III, 11/01/2018 n. 136): potere il cui esercizio richiedeva la previa revoca dell'aggiudicazione definitiva, proprio per creare le condizioni necessarie alla rinnovazione della fase del procedimento riconducibile alla specifica competenza della Commissione tecnica, che dovrà, quindi, provvedervi”.
Ecco il Calendario con i Prossimi Appuntamenti:
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Richiedi informazioni email@example.com<|endoftext|>2月8日，国家卫健委曾发布新型冠状病毒肺炎的暂命名，统一称“新型冠状病毒肺炎”，简称“新冠肺炎”，英文简称NCP。但随着研究的深入，科学家发现2019-nCoV并非仅诱发肺炎
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ای دین و فک رهن، اقدام به فروش مال مرهون به شخص دیگری کند، جمع بین حق مرتهن (طلبکار دارای حق عینی) و خریدار (که مدعی مالکیت بر مبیع است) دشوار مینماید: حق عینی مرتهن بر مال مرهون و تقدم حق او بر حقوق خریدار اقتضا دارد که مرتهن بدون توجه به معامله منعقد شده بر مال موضوع رهن، بتواند در صورت عدم پرداخت دین از سوی بدهکار (راهن) در سررسید، طلب خود را از محل مال مرهون استیفا کند. در مقابل، خریدار نیز حق دارد که به تعهد صریح یا ضمنی فروشنده (راهن) یا التزام قانونی و عرفی او مبنی بر پرداخت طلب بستانکار (مرتهن) و فک رهن، استناد کند و مبیع (مال موضوع رهن) را متعلق به خود بداند و انتقال رسمی آن را از فروشنده بخواهد. در جمع بین این دو حق، در رویه قضایی اختلافنظرهای گستردهای پدید آمده است. یکی از دعاوی مهمی که در این زمینه در دادگاهها مطرح میشود، «دعوای ابطال معامله به مال مرهون» است، که از سوی مرتهن (طلبکار)، راهن (بدهکار) یا حتی خریدار مال مرهون اقامه میگردد. همچنین، یکی از مباحث چالشبرانگیز و محل اختلاف در این خصوص، «وضعیت حقوقی معامله راهن در عین مرهون» است که در فقه اسلامی، دکترین حقوقی و رویه قضایی، دیدگاههای مختلف و آرای گوناگونی در این باره ارائه شده است؛ به نحوی که در این زمینه، در نظام قضایی ما چندین رأی وحدت رویه و اصراری صادر گردیده و هنوز نیز اختلاف بین دادگاهها مرتفع نشده است (برای تفصیل بحث و ملاحظه راهحلهای فقهی و حقوقی ارائهشده و به ویژه دیدن آرای متعدد در این باره، ر. ک.: صفایی و جواهرکلام، 1400: 158 به بعد؛ جواهرکلام، 1395: ش140 به بعد؛ ایزانلو، حبیبی و جواهرکلام، 1395: 183-184؛ کریمی و جواهرکلام، 1391: 170-173). یکی دیگر از دعاوی اختلافبرانگیز و حائز اهمیت در این زمینه، «دعوای الزام به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمی» از سوی خریدار علیه فروشنده (راهن) است، که پرسشهای اساسی و بنیادینی را مطرح ساخته و تهافت و تشتت آرا و گونهگونی نظریات را در محاکم برانگیخته است و خود سبب طرح دعاوی دیگر و نیز اختلافنظر در خصوص قواعد ماهوی و آیینی راجع به دعوای مزبور شده است.
پرسش اصلی این است که آیا چنین دعوایی باید از سوی محاکم پذیرفته شود یا دعوای مزبور با حقوق مرتهن قابل جمع نیست و دعوای خواهان (خریدار) باید رد شود؟ در صورت پذیرش چنین دعوایی، نحوه طرح دعوا چگونه است: آیا طرح همزمان دو دعوا امکانپذیر است یا نخست باید دعوای فک رهن طرح شود و پس از صدور حکم، دعوای الزام به تنظیم سند به نام خریدار اقامه گردد؟ آیا صرف اقامه دعوای الزام به تنظیم سند رسمی نسبت به مبیعی که در رهن است، مسموع است یا چنین دعوایی بدون اقامه دعوای الزام به فک رهن قابل پذیرش نیست؟ آیا لازم است که در دعوای الزام به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمی، مرتهن نیز طرف دعوا قرار گیرد؟ حکم علیه چه شخصی باید صادر شود؟ نحوه اجرای حکم به چه صورت است؟ دعاوی دیگری که در راستای دعوای مزبور طرح میشوند، از حیث شکلی و آیینی از چه قواعدی پیروی میکنند؟
برای پاسخ به پرسشهایی که مطرح شد، هر یک از مسائل پیشگفته، با تأکید بر رویه قضایی و مطالعه گسترده در آرای محاکم، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار میگیرند تا رویه درست در محاکم تثبیت شود و راهحلهای ناصواب نقد شده و راهکارهای اصلاحی به رویه قضایی پیشنهاد گردد.
در اینکه خریدار مال مرهون میتواند فروشنده (راهن) را به ادای دین خود به طلبکار (مرتهن) و فک رهن ملزم نماید و الزام او را به تنظیم سند رسمی ملک موضوع معامله بخواهد، اختلافنظر وجود دارد. [1] این اختلاف و گوناگونی آرا به ویژه در رویه قضاییِ سالیان اخیر مشهود است. یکی از مبانی اصلی اختلاف دیدگاهها، رأی وحدت رویه شماره 620 مورخ 20/8/1376 هیأت عمومی دیوان عالی کشور است که با غیر نافذ شمردن تصرف منافی حق مرتهن، این پرسش را مطرح ساخته است که آیا پذیرش دعوای الزام به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمی به نام خریدار مال مرهون، با مفاد رأی وحدت رویه یادشده مغایرت دارد یا اینکه رأی فوق مانع پذیرش چنین دعوایی نمیشود؟ برای پاسخ به این پرسش و پذیرفتن الزام فروشنده (راهن) به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمی انتقال، باید توجه داشت که در این خصوص دو فرض قابل تصور است: 1- گاه فروشنده، بدون اینکه در قرارداد خود با خریدار متعهد به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمی به نام او شده باشد، مال مرهون را به وی میفروشد. 2- گاه بایع ضمن بیع مال مرهون به خریدار، در مقابل او متعهد میشود که مال مرهون را از قید رهن آزاد سازد و به نام خریدار سند رسمی تنظیم کند. پذیرش دعوای الزام به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمیِ انتقال، در هر یک از این دو فرض باید جداگانه با تأکید بر رویه قضایی بررسی و ارزیابی شود.
1-1. دعوای خریدار علیه فروشنده مال مرهون در بیع مطلق
در صورتی که بیع مال مرهون به صورت مطلق واقع شده باشد، یعنی فروشنده (راهن) به صراحت متعهد به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمی به نام خریدار نشده باشد، در پذیرش دعوای خریدار علیه فروشنده در آرای قضایی اتفاق نظر وجود ندارد.
1-1-1. نظریه پذیرش دعوای الزام به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمی
دعوای الزام به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمی به نفع خریدار، در آرای متعددی پذیرفته شده است. برای نمونه، شعبه 47 دادگاه عمومی حقوقی تهران، در خصوص دعوای خواهان (خریدار) مبنی بر الزام خوانده (فروشنده) به ایفای تعهد (فک رهن از مورد معامله) و الزام به تنظیم سند رسمی ملک، طی دادنامه شماره 921184 مورخ 24/10/1392 و دادنامه شماره 921243 مورخ 19/11/1392 اعلام داشته است : «چون انعقاد عقد فیمابین خواهان و خوانده اصلی به نحو شرعی و قانونی تنظیم گردیده و با عنایت به اینکه سند ملک بنام خوانده اصلی میباشد دولت کسی را مالک میشناسد که سند ملک به نام او در دفتر املاک به ثبت رسیده باشد با این وصف عقد بیع، از نظر دادگاه محرز و با تحقق عقد بیع، ضرورت اجرای نتایج در ثمرات حاصله از وقوع آن، که به عبارتی در مانحنفیه تشریفات رسمی انتقال است با این اعتبار، دعوی خواهان اصلی ثابت تشخیص و مستنداً به مواد 10، 219، 220، 223، 362، 367 قانون مدنی... اولاً حکم به الزام خوانده به ایفاء تعهد مبنی بر فک رهن از مورد معامله ثانیاً حکم به الزام خوانده به حضور در دفترخانه اسناد رسمی و تنظیم و انتقال سند رسمی ششدانگ یک دستگاه آپارتمان... در قبال پرداخت مابقی ثمن معامله به خوانده... وکیل در حق خواهان صادر و اعلام مینماید». گفتنی است که دو رأی فوق از سوی شعبه 51 دادگاه تجدیدنظر استان تهران طی دادنامه شماره 930506 - 31/4/93 تأیید شده است. همچنین، شعبه 35 دادگاه تجدیدنظر استان تهران در دادنامه شماره 9200454 - 22/4/92 اظهار داشته است: «در عقد رهن مال مرهونه از مالکیت راهن خارج نمیگردد و معاملات مالک نسبت به مال مرهونه در صورتی که منافی حق مرتهن باشد نافذ نخواهد بود و به مفهومی دیگر مانع نقل و انتقال ملک توسط مالک با حفظ حقوق مرتهن نخواهد بود و با عنایت به اینکه بر شرایط اساسی صحت معامله ایراد و خدشهای وارد نمیباشد لذا صدور حکم به بیحقی خواهان {به خواسته صدور حکم بر الزام فروشنده به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمی} واجد اشکال و ایراد قانونی میباشد».
افزون بر آرای پیشگفته، پذیرش دعوای الزام به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمی به نام خریدار در رأی اصراری شماره 21 مورخ 12/12/1376 هیأت عمومی شعب حقوقی دیوان عالی کشور، رأی اصراری شماره 31 مورخ 11/12/1377 هیأت عمومی شعب حقوقی دیوان عالی کشور، رأی شعبه 10 دیوان عالی کشور در نقض دادنامه شماره 206 – 3/5/71 صادره از شعبه 23 دادگاه حقوقی یک تهران، دادنامههای شماره 1352 و 1353 مورخ 28/12/1386 شعبه 36 دادگاه عمومی حقوقی تهران، دادنامههای شماره 2377 و 2378- 23/12/1374 شعبه 5 دادگاه عمومی شهرستان اصفهان، دادنامه شماره 823 مورخ 19/4/80 صادر شده از شعبه 815 دادگاه عمومی تهران، دادنامه شماره 2412 – 11/11/1375 شعبه 6 دادگاه عمومی شهرستان اصفهان و دادنامه شماره 295 - 10/2/81 دادگاه عمومی تهران نیز تأیید شده است (برای دیدن متن و تحلیل پارهای از آرا، ر. ک: محمدی و صفیان، 1386: 269 به بعد؛ صدقی، 1392: 90 به بعد؛ میرزانژاد، 1390: 289-290؛ یزدانیان، 1385: 124).
1-1-2. نظریه عدم پذیرش دعوای الزام به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمی
دادنامههای بسیاری صادر شدهاند که به دلیل غیر نافذ شمردن بیع مال مرهون یا منافات داشتن آن با حق مرتهن، دعوای فک رهن و الزام به تنظیم سند رسمی را قابل استماع ندانستهاند. برای مثال، در قسمتی از دادنامه شماره 920407 شعبه 212 دادگاه عمومی حقوقی تهران، که از سوی شعبه 29 دادگاه تجدیدنظر استان تهران در دادنامه شماره 930202 - 31/2/93 تأیید شده است، میخوانیم: «پلاک موصوف علیرغم اینکه در رهن میباشد از ناحیه شعبات 208 و 217 دادگاه معترض تهران و ایضاً اداره چهارم اجرایی اسناد رسمی در قید بازداشت است علیهذا... با وصف در رهن و بازداشت بودن پلاک مزبور طرح دعوی الزام به تنظیم سند رسمی قابلیت استماع نداشته». همچنین، در دادنامه شماره 9200479 - 9/6/92 صادر شده از شعبه 5 دادگاه عمومی قائمشهر آمده است: «با توجه به مدافعات موجه نماینده بانک م. و نظر به تقدم سند رهنی که مالک پلاک ثبتی مورد ترافع را از هرگونه معامله و انتقال نسبت به عین یا منافع عین مرهونه تا تسویه تسهیلات وام دریافتی منع نموده است... و نماینده بانک اظهار داشته معامله را تنفیذ نمینماید و با عنایت به اینکه بیع قطعی یکی از واحدهای آپارتمان احداثی در پلاک ثبتی ملک مورد ترافع منافی حق مرتهن میباشد علیهذا دادگاه مستنداً به ماده 793 قانون مدنی و رأی وحدت رویه شماره 620-20/8/76 هیأت عمومی دیوان عالی کشور حکم بر ابطال دعوی خواهان اصلی صادر واعلام میدارد». افزون بر آن، شعبه 151 دادگاه عمومی حقوقی تهران به موجب دادنامه شماره 920516 مورخ 6/6/92 مقرر میدارد: «دادگاه با توجه به پاسخ استعلام ثبتی واصله که حکایت از این دارد که ملک در رهن میباشد و نقل و انتقال چنین املاکی مستنداً به ماده 56 قانون اجرای احکام مدنی باطل و بلااثر است، ضمن اینکه امکان عملی انتقال رسمی ملکی که در رهن است میسر نمیباشد... به استناد ماده 2 قانون آیین دادرسی مدنی و ماده 793 قانون مدنی قرار ردّ دعوی خواهان صادر و اعلام میدارد». شعبه 44 دادگاه تجدیدنظر استان تهران نیز به موجب دادنامه شماره 9201635 - 3/12/92 دادنامه فوق را تأیید نموده است.
این رویکرد، در دادنامه شماره 9200619 مورخ 24/6/92 صادره از شعبه 190 دادگاه عمومی حقوقی تهران، دادنامه شماره 400353 - 30/3/91 و دادنامه شماره 910836 – 10/7/91 (در مقام اعاده دادرسی) صادر شده از شعبه 59 دادگاه تجدیدنظر استان تهران و دادنامه شماره 9101323 - 7/11/91 صادر شده از شعبه 37 دادگاه تجدیدنظر استان تهران نیز تأیید شده است.
1-1-3. تحلیل منتخب و نظریه برگزیده
در مقام داوری میتوان گفت که دعوای الزام به فک رهن و تنظیم سند رسمی از سوی خریدار مال مرهون علیه راهن (فروشنده)، از نظر فقهی و تحلیل حقوقی، مسموع و قابل پذیرش است، زیرا طبق آیه شریفه «أوفوا بالعقود» و حدیث مشهور «المؤمنون عند شروطهم» و اصل لازمالاتباع (یا اجباری) بودن قرارداد یا نیروی الزامآور عقد (ماده 219 ق. م.)، راهن به مفاد معاملهای که با خریدار منعقد نموده، پایبند است و به عنوان مقدمه واجب، متعهد به پرداخت طلب بستانکار (مرتهن) و فک رهن و نیز تنظیم سند رسمی انتقال به خریدار خواهد بود (برای مشاهده نظر موافق و به ویژه دیدن نظریههای مشورتی و آرایی دیگر در زمینه الزام راهن به فک رهن و تشریفات آیینی آن، ر. ک.: صدقی، 1392: 90 به بعد). این امر به ویژه در مواردی که خریدار از مرهونه بودن مبیع مطلع است و فروشنده (راهن) در معامله متعهد به فک رهن و فراهم آوردن شرایط انتقال مال به خریدار میشود، از باب تعهد قراردادی بر راهن (فروشنده) الزامآور است. در صورت مطلع نبودن خریدار نیز فروشنده (راهن) به عنوان تعهد ضمنی و عرفی، متعهد است قیدی را که بر مال وجود دارد (حق رهن برای مرتهن)، مرتفع کند و آن را به عنوان ملک طلق (آزاد و رها از وثیقه) به خریدار تحویل دهد. به عبارت دیگر، فروشنده حتی در فرض عدم تصریح نیز ملزم به آثار و لوازمی که عرفاً و قانوناً از عقد پدید میآید خواهد بود (ماده 220 ق. م.) و تکلیف مربوط به فک رهن و تنظیم سند به نفع خریدار هم از این قسم است. به ویژه آنکه قبول درخواست خریدار مبنی بر فک رهن از مبیع، منافاتی با حقوق مرتهن ندارد و فروشنده (راهن) ملزم به تسویه بدهی و فک رهن میشود.
برخی از فقهای امامیه نیز الزام راهن به فک رهن را پذیرفتهاند؛ یعنی راهن (فروشنده) متعهد است به عهدی که با خریدار بسته، وفا نماید و مبیع را از قید رهن آزاد سازد و به او تحویل دهد. از همین رو، خریدار میتواند الزام راهن به فک رهن را از حاکم بخواهد (شیخ انصاری1415: 166؛ روحانی، 1429: 464-465؛ طباطبایی قمی، 1400: 309؛ و نیز ر. ک.: همدانی، 1416: 675).
افزون بر آن، همانطور که در جای خود به تفصیل و به صورت تحلیلی و مستند اثبات شده است، عدم نفوذ فروش مال مرهون، به معنای «غیر نافذ» شمردن یا «موقوف» دانستن آن به معنای دقیق و خاص کلمه نیست و نمیتوان بیع عین مرهون را با معامله فضولی قیاس کرد؛ بلکه در فروش مال موضوع رهن، حق شخص ثالث (مرتهن) بر مال مورد رهن، «مانع» از تأثیر بیع است. بنابراین، هر زمان که این مانع برطرف شود، بیع مال مرهون خود به خود نافذ خواهد شد؛ بدون اینکه نیاز به تنفیذ مرتهن داشته باشد، و رد طلبکار (مرتهن) نیز تنها در جایی مؤثر است که او در مقام اعمال حق خود (وصول طلب از محل فروش مال مورد رهن) باشد. در حقیقت، بیع مال مرهون دارای تمام شرایط اساسی صحت معامله است و نمیتوان آن را همانند بیع فضولی و اکراهی که فاقد رضای مالک است، شمرد و از همین رو، نباید فروش موضوع رهن را غیرنافذ به معنای خاص دانست؛ بلکه بطلان یا صحت بیع مال مرهون، «مراعی» به استفاده یا عدم استفاده از عین مرهون برای استیفای طلب است. بنابراین، معامله به مال مرهون، از نظر وضعیت حقوقی، «مراعی» است نه «غیرنافذ یا موقوف» به معنی خاص (ر. ک.: کریمی و جواهرکلام، 1391: 159-179؛ صفایی و ج
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تکمیلی برای استان در نظر گرفته شده، اظهار کرد: احتمالاً دو برابر این میزان و حدود ۱۵۰ هزار تن به ظرفیت صنایع تبدیلی و تکمیلی بخش کشاورزی استان اضافه خواهد شد.
وی ادامه داد: این واحدها در زیر بخشهای دام و طیور، زراعت و شیلات خواهند بود، هرچند به دلیل ظرفیتهای خاص استان تمایل سرمایه گذاران به توسعه واحدهای صنایع تبدیلی در دو زیر بخش زراعت و دام بیشتر است.
به گفته مدیر صنایع تبدیلی و تکمیلی سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه سال گذشته ۱۸ واحد جدید با ظرفیت ۱۳۱ هزار تن به مجموعه واحدهای صنایع تبدیلی و تکمیلی استان اضافه شد.
کریمی تعداد واحدهای حال حاضر صنایع تبدیلی و تکمیلی استان کرمانشاه که سازمان جهاد کشاورزی مجوز راه اندازی آنها را صادر کرده را ۱۶۲ واحد با ظرفیت فرآوری یک میلیون و ۶۳۲ هزار تن در سال عنوان کرد.
وی در ادامه مجموع ظرفیت واحدهای صنایع تبدیلی استان کرمانشاه که دو سازمان صمت و جهاد کشاورزی استان مجوز راه اندازی آنها را صادر کردهاند را چهار میلیون و ۵۴۳ هزار تن اعلام کرد و افزود: با توجه به اینکه میزان کل تولیدات بخش کشاورزی استان بیش از چهار میلیون تن است، لذا از حیث ظرفیت واحدهای فرآوری کمبودی نداریم، هرچند برای فرآوری برخی از محصولات هنوز جای کار هست.
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تمام حقوق این سایت متعلق به پایگاه خبری-تحلیلی "خبر ۱۹" میباشد.<|endoftext|>This module generates temporary files and directories. It works on all supported platforms.
In version 2.3 of Python, this module was overhauled for enhanced security. It now provides three new functions, NamedTemporaryFile(), mkstemp(), and mkdtemp(), which should eliminate all remaining need to use the insecure mktemp() function. Temporary file names created by this module no longer contain the process ID; instead a string of six random characters is used.
Also, all the user-callable functions now take additional arguments which allow direct control over the location and name of temporary files. It is no longer necessary to use the global tempdir and template variables. To maintain backward compatibility, the argument order is somewhat odd; it is recommended to use keyword arguments for clarity.
The module defines the following user-callable functions:
tempfile.TemporaryFile([mode=’w+b’[, bufsize=-1[, suffix=’‘[, prefix=’tmp’[, dir=None]]]]])
Return a file-like object that can be used as a temporary storage area. The file is created using mkstemp(). It will be destroyed as soon as it is closed (including an implicit close when the object is garbage collected). Under Unix, the directory entry for the file is removed immediately after the file is created. Other platforms do not support this; your code should not rely on a temporary file created using this function having or not having a visible name in the file system.
The mode parameter defaults to 'w+b' so that the file created can be read and written without being closed. Binary mode is used so that it behaves consistently on all platforms without regard for the data that is stored. bufsize defaults to -1, meaning that the operating system default is used.
The dir, prefix and suffix parameters are passed to mkstemp().
The returned object is a true file object on POSIX platforms. On other platforms, it is a file-like object whose file attribute is the underlying true file object. This file-like object can be used in a with statement, just like a normal file.
tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile([mode=’w+b’[, bufsize=-1[, suffix=’‘[, prefix=’tmp’[, dir=None[, delete=True]]]]]])
This function operates exactly as TemporaryFile() does, except that the file is guaranteed to have a visible name in the file system (on Unix, the directory entry is not unlinked). That name can be retrieved from the name member of the file object. Whether the name can be used to open the file a second time, while the named temporary file is still open, varies across platforms (it can be so used on Unix; it cannot on Windows NT or later). If delete is true (the default), the file is deleted as soon as it is closed.
The returned object is always a file-like object whose file attribute is the underlying true file object. This file-like object can be used in a with statement, just like a normal file.
New in version 2.3.
New in version 2.6: The delete parameter.
tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile([max_size=0[, mode=’w+b’[, bufsize=-1[, suffix=’‘[, prefix=’tmp’[, dir=None]]]]]])
This function operates exactly as TemporaryFile() does, except that data is spooled in memory until the file size exceeds max_size, or until the file’s fileno() method is called, at which point the contents are written to disk and operation proceeds as with TemporaryFile().
The resulting file has one additional method, rollover(), which causes the file to roll over to an on-disk file regardless of its size.
The returned object is a file-like object whose _file attribute is either a StringIO object or a true file object, depending on whether rollover() has been called. This file-like object can be used in a with statement, just like a normal file.
New in version 2.6.
tempfile.mkstemp([suffix=’‘[, prefix=’tmp’[, dir=None[, text=False]]]])
Creates a temporary file in the most secure manner possible. There are no race conditions in the file’s creation, assuming that the platform properly implements the os.O_EXCL flag for os.open(). The file is readable and writable only by the creating user ID. If the platform uses permission bits to indicate whether a file is executable, the file is executable by no one. The file descriptor is not inherited by child processes.
Unlike TemporaryFile(), the user of mkstemp() is responsible for deleting the temporary file when done with it.
If suffix is specified, the file name will end with that suffix, otherwise there will be no suffix. mkstemp() does not put a dot between the file name and the suffix; if you need one, put it at the beginning of suffix.
If prefix is specified, the file name will begin with that prefix; otherwise, a default prefix is used.
If dir is specified, the file will be created in that directory; otherwise, a default directory is used. The default directory is chosen from a platform-dependent list, but the user of the application can control the directory location by setting the TMPDIR, TEMP or TMP environment variables. There is thus no guarantee that the generated filename will have any nice properties, such as not requiring quoting when passed to external commands via os.popen().
If text is specified, it indicates whether to open the file in binary mode (the default) or text mode. On some platforms, this makes no difference.
mkstemp() returns a tuple containing an OS-level handle to an open file (as would be returned by os.open()) and the absolute pathname of that file, in that order.
New in version 2.3.
tempfile.mkdtemp([suffix=’‘[, prefix=’tmp’[, dir=None]]])
Creates a temporary directory in the most secure manner possible. There are no race conditions in the directory’s creation. The directory is readable, writable, and searchable only by the creating user ID.
The user of mkdtemp() is responsible for deleting the temporary directory and its contents when done with it.
The prefix, suffix, and dir arguments are the same as for mkstemp().
mkdtemp() returns the absolute pathname of the new directory.
New in version 2.3.
tempfile.mktemp([suffix=’‘[, prefix=’tmp’[, dir=None]]])
Deprecated since version 2.3: Use mkstemp() instead.
Return an absolute pathname of a file that did not exist at the time the call is made. The prefix, suffix, and dir arguments are the same as for mkstemp().
- Warning: Use of this function may introduce a security hole in your
program. By the time you get around to doing anything with the file name it returns, someone else may have beaten you to the punch. mktemp() usage can be replaced easily with NamedTemporaryFile(), passing it the delete=False parameter:>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) >>> f <open file '<fdopen>', mode 'w+b' at 0x384698> >>> f.name '/var/folders/5q/5qTPn6xq2RaWqk+1Ytw3-U+++TI/-Tmp-/tmpG7V1Y0' >>> f.write("Hello World!\n") >>> f.close() >>> os.unlink(f.name) >>> os.path.exists(f.name) False
The module uses two global variables that tell it how to construct a temporary name. They are initialized at the first call to any of the functions above. The caller may change them, but this is discouraged; use the appropriate function arguments, instead.
When set to a value other than None, this variable defines the default value for the dir argument to all the functions defined in this module.
If tempdir is unset or None at any call to any of the above functions, Python searches a standard list of directories and sets tempdir to the first one which the calling user can create files in. The list is:
- The directory named by the TMPDIR environment variable.
- The directory named by the TEMP environment variable.
- The directory named by the TMP environment variable.
A platform-specific location:
- On RiscOS, the directory named by the Wimp$ScrapDir environment variable.
- On Windows, the directories C:\TEMP, C:\TMP, \TEMP, and \TMP, in that order.
- On all other platforms, the directories /tmp, /var/tmp, and /usr/tmp, in that order.
As a last resort, the current working directory.
Return the directory currently selected to create temporary files in. If tempdir is not None, this simply returns its contents; otherwise, the search described above is performed, and the result returned.
New in version 2.3.
Deprecated since version 2.0: Use gettempprefix() instead.
When set to a value other than None, this variable defines the prefix of the final component of the filenames returned by mktemp(). A string of six random letters and digits is appended to the prefix to make the filename unique. The default prefix is tmp.
Older versions of this module used to require that template be set to None after a call to os.fork(); this has not been necessary since version 1.5.2.
Return the filename prefix used to create temporary files. This does not contain the directory component. Using this function is preferred over reading the template variable directly.
New in version 1.5.2.<|endoftext|>Test ilacı yan etkileri tam olarak açıklanmadı ve hala etik olabilir?
Bir doktor şu anda hastalığın tedavisi için etkili bir ilaç olduğu için yeni bir ilaç test etmek için, bir hasta davet ediyor demek. Hasta ne yapıyorsun benim için en iyi olan "güveniyorum diyor. Ben hallederim."
Ama plasebo/psikolojik etkiyi önlemek için, bunu bildiği halde tam olarak ilacın tüm yan etkileri açıklamama izin verdiler mi? Hafif baş dönmesi olacak örneğin, ilaç hastanın mide bulantısı ve vücudu yanan yapacak ileride biliyorlar, ama sadece söylüyorlar. Bu etik mi? Hasta deneyi kabul etmeden önce tüm bu etkileri haberdar edilmeliydi – başarısız doktor veriyorlar güveni bozuyor. Ama eğer yan etkiler beklentilerini söylüyorum eğer gerçek sonuçlara neden olabilir.
Tedavi durumunda ilgileniyorum kullanılabilir, ama tedavi olmadan hastaların sadece hastalık acı çekmek, ölmekten devam ediyor.
Edinilmiş bağışıklık yanıtları ortaya nasıl benim anlayış dayanarak, fıstık alerjisi normalde kabaca şiddeti ile ilgili olarak dağıtılmış, diğer gıda alerjileri gibi olmasını beklerdim. Ancak, fıstık alerjisi en azından genellikle ölçeği "son derece ciddi" tarafına eğilim olarak kabul edilecek gibi görünüyor.
Aşırı alerjik tepkiler gelişimi teşvik eden ne fıstık antijenleri ile mi ilgili?
Biliyor musun, ya da diğer kişilerin, kolayca çürük olmaması faktörler, aşağıdaki gibi çeşitli ilişkilidir. Kan damarlarımız destekleyen fibröz bir matris var ve kırılma ya da zarar görmüş olduğunda patlama engellemek. Bazı insanlar, genellikle dişi, hasar damarları daha yatkın hale getiren ince fibröz tabaka. Lifli ve destekleyici matrisin kesme kalın ya da daha az olabilir.
Matris hasarı, aynı zamanda daha düşük cilt katmanları, aynı etkiye sahip olduğunu ya da gelişen ve antikoagülan ilaçlar bile sertliği azaltarak uzun süre güneşe maruz kalma gibi etkenler neden olabilir.
İlgili sorular
İlgili sorular
Bir gün içecek bir kahve ne kadar belirleyen bir çok faktör var. Kafein metabolizması1 Bir büyük olanı. Kafein yavaş metabolize, insanlar muhtemelen 100mg (fincan) kafein fazla bir gün olmamalı. Kafein hızlı metabolizers genellikle 400-(yaklaşık 5 bardak) 500 mg bir gün arasında olabilir.2 İçin genel nüfus, 400mg (yaklaşık 4 bardak) olmalıdır sınırı. Bununla bu tür uykusuzluk, huzursuzluk, baş ağrısı ve mide bulantısı gibi bazı yan etkilere neden olabilir.3 genellikle değil çok zor biliyorum limit içme kahve. Eğer kahve sizi hemen üzerinde güçlü bir etkisi varsa, daha az kahve içmek veya çay içme düşünün. Eğer kahve üzerinde zayıf bir etkisi varsa, o zaman daha fazla içebilirsiniz. Çoğu insan arasında bir yerde düşecek.
[2] Kafein Tüketimi
{1}, gama (20-50 Hz) salınımları azaltmak AD sürükleyici göre fareler patoloji ile ilgili.
{1} de unutmayın:
Gama REKLAM ile insanlar değişir.
benzer bir tedavi insanlar için çalışabilir olduğunu göstermek için görünüyor. Ancak, fareler üzerinde duruldu yana, bu işaret ediyorlar:
daha çalışma insan REKLAM terapötik olacak olup olmadığını belirlemek için gereklidir.
İnsanlarda ile ilgili patoloji gama salınımları azaltmak AD sürükleyici mu?
Referanslar:
- {1} Gama frekansı sürüklenmesini amiloid yükü hafifletir ve mikrogliya değiştirir. Hannah F. İaccarino, Annabelle C. Singer, Anthony J. Martorell, Andrii Rudenko, Fan Gao, Tyler Z. Gillingham, Hansruedi Mathys, Jinsoo Seo, Oleg Kritskiy, " Fatma Abdurrob, Chinnakkaruppan Adaikkan, Rebecca G. Canter, Richard Rueda, Emery N. Brown, Edward S. Boyden & Li-Huei Tsai. Doğa 540, 230-235 (08 Aralık 2016) doi:10.1038/nature20587 ; http://syntheticneurobiology.org/PDFs/16.12.iaccarino.pdf ; https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v540/n7632/full/nature20587.html
Ben edebiyat tabanlı ON özel kullanımı ile ilgili kanıt bulamadım ancak soru ile ilgili bazı açıklamalar vermek için çalışacağım:
İlk olarak, ne ON: Transkutanöz elektrik stimülasyonu (TENS) uygulamanın elektrik akımı elektrotlar yerleştirilmiş deri. Frekansları değişen uygulanan, düşük (< 10 Hz) (>50 Hz) yüksek olabilir. Kullanılan yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak, hastaların güçlü ama rahat bir his ONLARCA ONLARCA vs motor yoğunluk (duyusal yoğunluk) motor kasılma için geliyor. TENS en sık kullanım ağrı kontrol altında, ama diğer yaklaşımları (bilişsel gelişim, kan basıncı, vb.) literatürde tarif edilmiştir.
Bu etki mekanizmalarına ONLARCA karmaşık ve bağımlı konumu ONLARCA uyarım. Örneğin, ağrı kontrolünde TENS yani “küçük çaplı lif”nın merkezi sinir sistemi ağrı kolaylaştırıcı yolların bir inhibisyon neden aradı aktive olduğu gösterilmiştir. ONLARCA etkileri aracılı ile birçok nörotransmitter gibi serotonin, asetilkolin. Ayrıca, ONLARCA da opioid reseptörleri aktive, ağrı kontrolü ve noradrenalin reseptörlerinin rolünü açıklayan, kan basıncı kontrol rolü olduğunu gösteriyor.
Sorunuz
ON bir adet kalıcı sinir reseptörleri uyuşturucu ile çalışıyor mu?
Sinir lifleri üzerinde ONLARCA etkisi çeşitli faktörler, kullanılan esas darbe genlik ve darbe süresine bağlıdır. Sorunuzun TENS uygulanmış hakkında bilgi sağlamaz. Ağrı kontrolü çalışmaları deneyimi yüksek frekanslı TENS ile büyük çaplı lifleri aktive Merkez ağrı iletimi daha derin ve daha uzun süreli inhibisyon yol göstermiştir. Ayrıca, ONLARCA etkisi alışma bir durum nedeniyle zamanla azalabilir. Lif (ya kısa vadeli veya uzun vadede) ON değiştirip, işlevi ve etkinliği reseptörleri bu deliller gösteriyor. Tekrarlanan ONLARCA bazı liflerin sinirsel değişmiş olabilir ama ONLARCA özel kullanımı ile ilgili literatürde bir örnek bulamadım, ama mümkündür.
Glans penis, penisin dorsal siniri ile innvervated var. ON bulunduğunuz yere bağlı olarak, bu lifler bazı “ON tarafından uyarılmış”, anlattığın belirtilerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuş olabilir.
İfadeni
ONLARCA kan akışını artırır
ONLARCA stimülasyon sitesinde vasodilatator bir etkiye neden olduğunu gösterdi ("Kaynaklar Bakınız) bir çalışma buldum. İlginç bir deneme 2016 damar sertliği ve hipertansiyon ile indivduals kan basıncı ON etkisini araştırmak amacıyla başlatıldı. Yani ON ve vasodilatator etkisi konusunda şu anda oldukça seyrek kanıt onaylanmalıdır.
İfadeni
Cardura cinsel işlev bozukluğu ile ilişkilidir
Daha önce belirtildiği gibi, cinsel yan etkiler genellikle ilaçların altındaki hastalarda rapor edilmiştir. İlginç bir şekilde, cinsel fonksiyon
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mondo in carica le gomme da bagnato con pista appena umida.
Cosa combina la Ferrari? Eddie Irvine torna ai box per la prima sosta. Sembra tutto a posto, e invece ecco un imprevisto ai limiti dell’assurdo: manca la posteriore destra.
IL PIT STOP HORROR DELLA FERRARI
Un meccanico si è dimenticato nel garage la gomma e il nord-irlandese perde tempo prezioso. I meccanici rendono ancor più lungo il pit stop perchè non sono sicuri se la gomma portata in fuori dal garage in fretta e furia per essere montata sia una posteriore destra o una sinistra. Dopo 30 secondi Irvine riparte, ma quel mezzo minuto perso al pit stop si rivela fatale: Hakkinen riprende Irvine verso fine gara e, sfruttando un errore del pilota della Ferrari, lo supera alla Veedol Chicane. Hakkinen coglie due punti e proprio quei due punti impediranno ad Eddie Irvine di diventare campione del mondo.
Cronaca dell’episodio a parte, la cosa più bella e divertente attorno a questa vicenda è un aneddoto raccontato circa due anni fa dal giornalista Leo Turrini. Scena dell’evento è il distributore di benzina sotto casa di Leo, frequentato anche da Ross Brawn, all’epoca alle dipendenze di Maranello e responsabile della strategia in quella gara al Nurburgring.
Vi riportiamo l’accaduto con le parole di Leo Turrini: “All’epoca, Ross Brawn abitava a cento metri da casa mia. Andavamo dallo stesso benzinaio, un ferrarista doc, il mitico Pancani. Il lunedì mattina post gara il Mangiabanane va a fare il pieno come se nulla fosse. Il prode Pancani, mentre il carburante scorre nel serbatoio dell’Alfa Romeo di Ross, non perde l’occasione. Cioè chiede a Mr. Brawn: scusi, Cav.Gran.Uff.Lup.Mannar., ma che cappero avete combinato ieri?!? Il Mangiabanane, serafico, replica così, con voce italiana alla Oliver Hardy: caro amico, c’era confusione al box, davanti a Irvine era appena entrato Salo con l’altra Ferrari, eccetera. E Pancani, che Dio abbia in gloria anche lui, lo fulminò così: ma perché, Salo lo avete rimandato in pista su cinque ruote?!? Da quel dì, Ross Brawn cambiò distributore”.<|endoftext|>An atomic force microscope (AFM) for the instructional laboratory
This site describes the design and construction details of a "home-built" AFM, intended for use in teaching measurement and instrumentation concepts. This AFM was developed primarily by Maxim Shusteff, working within the lab of Prof. Scott Manalis in the Department of Biological Engineering, at MIT.
The tool is designed to be used by students working in pairs, and enables a number of experiments relevant to physics, engineering, and biology. These include measuring thermo-mechanical noise, imaging, and measuring elastic moduli of materials. Further experiments for imaging and probing biological tissues are in development. These AFMs are extensively used in MIT's course 20.309: Biological Instrumentation and Measurement (official Course Listing here).
The purpose of this site is to share this inexpensive AFM technology with interested educators (acting as a complementary and companion resource to the paper in AJP) to enable them to replicate this system. All content is provided freely for educational use only. Any commercial or for-profit use is prohibited. Please contact with any inquiries.
- A recent article in the American Journal of Physics (M. Shusteff et al., Am. J. Phys., 74(10), pp. 873-80, 2006). describes some of the operating principles and educational advantages of these AFMs, and gives a detailed description of the Boltzmann's Constant experiment.
- The lab manual for the AFM module taught in 20.309 during the Fall 2006 semester contains many operational details and guidelines for experiments that can be done using the instrument described on this site.
- Follow this link if you are looking for information on the Undergraduate Optical Trap.
Figure 1: Front and rear view photos of the AFM system -- click each image for a larger version.<|endoftext|>Mayor: Mr. Bart De Wever
Population: 510,610 residents.
A brief history of the city
Evidence was found in Antwerp indicating the existence of settlements there as early as the 2nd or 3rd century, when the Flemish city evolved around two settlements that later on were surrounded by one wall. The city continued to spread in concentric circles, and reached its first economic prosperity at the beginning of the 14th century, as the major center of commerce and trade in Western Europe, based on its harbor and cotton market.
The 15th century saw the city-turned-metropolis' Golden Age. The combination of a commercial hub that brought great wealth, with multi-cultural tolerance and relative religious freedom, advanced the city to its first cultural breakthrough, with painters Quinten Metsys and Bruegel, the printer Plantin, the humanists and scientists Lipsius, Mercator, Dodoens and Ortelius. The Fall of Antwerp in 1585, after which the city again came under the rule of Philip II and the Northern Netherlands, closed off the Scheldt River. From an economic point of view this was a disaster. Yet the city continued to flourish culturally until the mid-seventeenth century, with painters like Rubens, Van Dyck and others. Apart from interruptions during the two world wars, Antwerp has experienced steady economic growth in the twentieth century. This gave rise to a new cultural high point and international prestige in 1993, when Antwerp was nominated Cultural Capital of Europe.
eneral information and special features
Antwerp is the second largest city in Belgium. It earned international fame by being the home of famous Flemish painter Paul Rubens, and due to its undisputed status as the diamond center of the world; the diamond district is located around the Railway Station, an area that is also the Jewish part of the city. Antwerp lies 50 kilometers north of Brussels, on the eastern bank of the Scheldt River, and has the second largest port in Europe. In the heart of the city lies Grote Markt Square, and in it stands a bronze statue of Silvius Brabo, raising his hand in the air with the severed arm of the giant Antigonus, (believed to terrorize the local ruler instead of passing ships), in order to throw it into the river Scheldt. Near the square one can find impressive historic sites such as the Onze Lieve Vrouwe Cathedral, from the 15th century, one of Belgium's most impressive Gothic churches, also famous for displaying paintings by Rubens; the many Guildhalls; and the Het Steen fortress, Antwerp's oldest building dating from the Middle Ages, which today contains the Shipping Museum.
Antwerp is renowned for the great artists who lived and worked there, and whose art adorns churches, museums and various other sites in the city. Antwerp has many museums, including the Plantin-Morteus, the Royal Museum of Fine Arts, and the Mayer van den Bergh Museum. Another artistic landmark is Rubenshuis – Paul Rubens' house, today a museum. The graves of the painter and his family are located in the chapel where some of his last works hang.
The Haifa-Antwerp Twin Cities Treaty was signed on May 7, 1986<|endoftext|>Luana Borgia
- Data di nascita: 28. Settembre 1967
- Luogo di nascita: Seveso (Italia)
- Premi e riconoscimenti: Impulse d'oro 1994, migliore attrice hard europea
Scheda
Il vero nome dell'attrice è Luana Perdon, ha iniziato a lavorare come modella e partecipa al concorso di Miss Italia nel 1988 e Miss Mondo l'anno successivo.
Si trasferisce a Roma e comincia a lavorare in alcuni spettacoli sexy; tenta l'esordio nel cinema mainstream ma il tentativo si rivela una delusione: come lei stessa dichiara un regista (di cui non rivela il nome) le chiede dei favori sessuali per farla lavorare, lei accetta ma nonostante questo la parte le viene rifiutata.
Abbandonata la strada del cinema tradizionale, agli inizi degli anni novanta inizia a lavorare nel cinema hard e si dimostra subito una vera star. Il suo fisico, il suo aspetto e il suo portamento "di classe" le fanno guadagnare il meritato appellativo di "duchessa dell'hard" e non è un caso che nei suoi film la si vede spesso interpretare ruoli di donna altolocata, moglie o amante.
I suoi migliori film sono quelli diretta dal regista Mario Salieri.
Lascia il mondo dell'hard nel 2001 ma ha un breve ripensamento otto anni più tardi e nel 2009 gira 4 film, ancora con Salieri, il suo regista preferito: Wellness pervertion, Dominazione totale, Sadismo estremo e Padrona del gioco.
Dopo aver partecipato ad alcune trasmissioni televisive ed aver tentato l'ingresso in politica, oggi lavora con alcune linee telefoniche erotiche come dettagliatamente spiegato sul suo sito ufficiale.
Curiosità: il suo soprannome, come spiega lei stessa, è nato un po' per caso: siccome da ragazzina cambiava spesso partner i suoi amici avevano iniziato a paragonarla a Lucrezia Borgia, passata alla storia come avvelenatrice ma soprattutto come mangiatrice di uomini.<|endoftext|> ملاحظه کنید دوره های کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت بازرگانی پاره وقت در یونان ، 2021 مطالعات مدیریت
کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت بازرگانی (MBA) یک درجه تحصیلی حرفه ای است و به افرادی اعطا می شود که در رشته مدیریت بازرگانی در یک مدرسه بازرگانی تحصیل نموده اند. در این رشته اشکال مختلف تحلیل ها و استراتژی ها از جمله گردانندگی امور، بازاریابی، امور مالی و حسابداری تحت پوشش قرار می گیرد.
در دنیای آکادمیک، تحصیل در رشته مدیریت به معنای آماده ساختن فرد برای شغلی در یک کسب و کار است. انتظار می رود دانشجویان اصول اولیه در زمینه هایی مانند مدیریت کسب و کار، مهارت های بین فردی و چگونگی همکاری در گروه را بیاموزند.
یونان نظام آموزش و پرورش خود را با آموزش عالی در بالای توسعه یافته است. بیش از 40٪ از تمام یونانیان در آتن زندگی می کنند و نیز وجود دارد که در آن بهترین فرصت به دنبال یک سطح آموزش عالی است. مرز های آلبانی، مقدونیه، بلغارستان و ترکیه، یونان مروارید گردشگری با یکی از جهان 'بازدید کنندگان سواحل فوق العاده است.
پاره وقت برتر در یونان 2021 تحصیلات بازرگانی درباره با مدارس عالی تماس بگیرید
1نتایج درمطالعات مدیریت, یونان Filter
برنامه ALBA MBA در برنامه حمل و نقل با ترکیبی از سختی تحصیلی و دانش عملی، دانش آموزان را قادر می سازد تا تصمیم های صحیح و به موقع بگیرند و به مقابله با فشار برسند. ...<|endoftext|>Detaylar
Diğer Adları:3-Iron
Senaryo:Ki-duk Kim
Ödüller:15 ödül & 10 Adaylık.
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Francesca Bertinelli | 21 gen 2010
Lo ha affermato la Corte di Cassazione Sez. Seconda Penale, con sentenza del 21.01.2010, n. 2772
La Cassazione penale, con sentenza del 21.01.2010, n. 2772 ha confermato la pronuncia di appello con cui un medico era stato condannato per il reato di tentata truffa, per avere attestato, sul foglio delle presenze di aver effettuato un'ora di straordinario, in realtà non effettuata, correggendo il foglio e inserendo le ore di servizio effettivamente svolte. Gli Ermellini hanno concluso che, l'adoperarsi fattivamente affinché il destinatario dell'artificio non cadesse in errore è un'azione che si colloca all'esterno di una condotta tipica già realizzata in tutti i necessari segmenti, pertanto non integra desistenza ma recesso attivo. Da qui il rigetto del ricorso.
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In evidenza oggi:<|endoftext|>今天，上海各家企业开始有序复工复产，拥有2400万人口的上海逐步回复到平常的忙碌。不过，与以往早高峰相比，客流仍然处在低位。记者在地铁11号线南翔路站看到，进站的乘客人数与春节相比，没有明显增长；而在地铁2号线的列车上，仍然能很轻松坐到座位。上海地铁方面数据显示，截至今早9点，地铁网络客流较往常下降近80%。<|endoftext|>La locuzione latina Noli me tangere ("non toccarmi, non trattenermi") evoca un episodio del vangelo di Giovanni, l'appello che Gesù rivolge a Maria Maddalena subito dopo la risurrezione. La frase evoca un divieto di contatto, un ritrarsi, una fuga impaurita o pudica. In nessun altro momento Gesù ha vietato o rifiutato di essere toccato. Qui, al mattino di Pasqua e nel momento della sua prima apparizione, egli trattiene o previene il gesto di Maria Maddalena. Nell'episodio, i pittori hanno saputo cogliere non la visione estatica di un prodigio, ma un intreccio delicato, intessuto tra il visibile e l'invisibile, dove ciascuno chiama e respinge l'altro, ciascuno sfiora l'altro e lo allontana da sé.
Scrivi una recensione per "Non toccarmi. Maria Maddalena e il corpo di Gesù risorto"<|endoftext|>Foto
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Apple avrebbe siglato un accordo con Broadcom per la fornitura dei nuovi chip compatibili con lo standard 802.11ac, meglio noto come 5G WiFi o Gigabit Wi-Fi
Facebook ha presentato Facebook Camera, l’applicazione per iPhone che crea di fatto una rete sociale fotografica basata su Facebook che copia molte caratteristiche di Instagram, acquistata da Facebook stesso per 1 miliardo di dollari un mese fa.<|endoftext|>مقالات
«طلب آمرزش» یکی از داستان های مجموعة سه قطره خون اثر صادق هدایت است. این داستان، روایتِ بخشی از زندگی زنی است که با حسادت ورزی خود، باعث مرگ اولین و دومین فرزند هوویش و سرانجام خود او می شود. داستان پر از ملامت و ناراحتیِ حاصل از احساسِ حسادت است. این پژوهش می کوشد با نگاهی به دیدگاه های لاندوفسکی پیرامون کلیت احساسات بشری و با پیروی از الگوهای منسجم ارائه شده توسط صاحب نظرانی همچون گرمس و فونتنی درباره چگونگی شکل گیری احساسات انسانی، «حسادت» را از دیدگاه نشانه معناشناسیِ عواطف و احساسات بررسی کند. در این راستا مشهود است که چگونه این احساس انسانی، عامل محرک تمامی کنش ها و واکنش ها در داستان بوده و به چه شکل، گفتمانی شده است و همچنین بررسی خواهد شد که جایگاه آن در داستان تا چه اندازه با الگوهای نظام مند مربوط بهنشانه معناشناسی عواطف و احساسات مطابقت دارد. این بررسی، برای نمونه، امکان ارزیابی و سنجش متون داستانی فارسی را براساس الگوهای یادشده، فراهم خواهد کرد.
مقاله پیش رو به بررسی تفاوت های موجود میان بندهای موصولی تحدیدی و توضیحی در زبان های فارسی و آلمانی از دیدگاه رده شناسی می پردازد. هدف از این پژوهش، نشان دادن ابزارهای متفاوتی است که در زبان های فارسی و آلمانی برای تمایز میان این دو گونه از بند موصولی به کار گرفته می شود. همچنین این پرسش مطرح است که در هر یک از این زبان ها، چه گروه های اسمی می توانند در جایگاه اسم هسته بند موصولی قرار گیرند؟ آیا نوع بند موصولی تحدیدی و توضیحی در انتخاب اسم هسته تعیین کننده است؟ نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد، زبان فارسی همانند زبان انگلیسی، بمبا و عبری از ابزارها و نشانه های صوری برای تمایز میان این دو نوع از بند موصولی استفاده می کند. این در
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major publishers of texts and tests. "The "bias guidelines" consist of advice to writers and editors about words and topics that must be avoided."
Laurie Morrow, a former Salvatori Fellow of the Heritage Foundation and professor of English mocked proponents of political correctness and attempt to imply extreme sarcasm when she wrote the following in support of traditional usage of the term oriental:
- Although the Japanese proudly consider themselves eastern--from the Land of the Rising Sun (remember that World War II flag?)--don't call them "Oriental," for this is Eurocentric, and one should have no center in the happy world of cultural equivalence. (One wonders whether the language police would object to a Tokyo resident's using the term Occidental?)
Professor Morrow also writes:
- The language police seek to eliminate anything that might cause students discomfort or distress. The world is, however, a difficult and trying place, full of ideas that must be resisted and fought. What students need to learn are courage and perseverance in the face of difficulty, so that they can confront what should be resisted--including censorship by the language police.
However, even those who support traditional usage of words and terms do not support an end to all sensitivity. Sybil Maimin writes:
- Ravitch does not call for elimination of bias and sensitivity panels but rather for their work, now behind closed doors, to be open to public view. She believes that teachers or school districts rather than state officials should choose books for the classroom, which would decrease the power of pressure groups and lessen uniformity. She has confidence that “language evolves in response to social change. Lots of words disappear naturally,”
Allegedly Banned Words and Thoughts
Author and historian Diane Ravitch has documented how far political correctness has intruded into the American educational system by documenting banned words, images and thoughts. In addition to banning the word, the following words are considered inappropriate and therefore banned from usage in modern textbooks when referring to Orientals or the Orient:
- Orient, Oriental: banned as offensive
The reader may be surprised to learn that the following depictions are banned from US references and textbooks:
- Asians as very intelligent, excellent scholars
- Asian Americans with look-alike features for all ages: short, skinny, slanted eyes, wear glasses
- Asian Americans as a "model minority", repressed, studious, goody-goody
- Asian Americans as ambitious, hard-working, and competitive
- Asian Americans as having strong family ties
- Asian Americans as quiet, polite, concerned with proper form
- Asian Americans as inscrutable, mysterious, concerned with saving face
- Asian Americans as frugal, passive, rigid, submissive, unathletic
- Asian Americans as musical prodigies or class valedictorian
- Asian Americans unable to speak English or uninvolved in mainstream America
- Asian Americans working as laundry workers, engineers, waiters, gardeners, health workers
- Asian Americans living in ethnic neighborhoods
- Asian Americans as predominantly refugees
- Asian Americans working in a laundry
- Asian American males as peasants, coolies, waiters, laundry owners, math students
- Asian Americans working at vegetable stands
- Asian American females as doll-like, geisha-girl image, ingratiating to males
- Asian Americans playing only with toys from the mainstream culture or only with toys from their own culture
- Chinese people living and working only in Chinatown or in China working in rice fields
- Asian Americans shown with eyes as single, slanted lines; look-alikes; straight black hair with bangs; buck teeth
- Modern Chinese males wearing pigtails and classes
- Modern Chinese women wearing high-collared cheong dresses
- Modern Chinese males with inscrutable grins, with folded or clasped hands or always wearing glasses and looking serious and polite
- Chinese people who have great food
- Chinese people who own or run laundries and restaurants
- Chinese people who love to gamble
- Chinese people who are cruel
- Modern Asian Americans wearing dark business suits and glasses
- Hordes of Japanese with suits and cameras
- Modern Japanese women wearing kimonos or carrying babies on their backs
- Japanese people who are law-abiding
- Japanese people who are great imitators
- Japanese people who are sneaky
- Japanese women who are servile and obedient
- Korean Americans owning or working in fruit markets
Those who believe the term is derogatory or archaic prefer to employ geographical terms for people and places typically described by oriental, e.g., South Asia, East Asia, and South-East Asia. Although the Far Eastern is considered more politically correct than Oriental, East Asian is preferred because this verbiage is significantly less Eurocentric. Other politically correct alternative terms include Asia and the Pacific or the Pacific Rim or the Pacific Basin.
Current Usage of Oriental and Related Depictions
The term is used widely across a broad spectrum of North America.
Although the term Oriental is "sometimes offensive", the term remains inoffensive sometimes and wide use in across the United States. This usage is evidenced by many sources. The term is used on a great number of governmental document and websites across in the USA describing place names , medicine, wildlife plants, food and people or communities. The term is even found on Equal Opportunity Employment and Fair Housing documents.
Conversely, at least two state legislatures have passed or proposed legislation declaring a preference for terms other than Oriental in official documents. A finding by the Washington State legislature held that
- the use of the term "Oriental" when used to refer to persons of Asian descent is outdated and pejorative. There is a need to make clear that the term "Asian" is preferred terminology, and that this more modern and nonpejorative term must be used to replace outdated terminology.
In 2005, the California senate mandated that the terms "oriental massage" and "oriental medicine" in existing statutes be changed to "Asian medicine" and "Asian massage." Despite this "mandate" businesses and schools across California and the country continue to employ the term. California has not purged the term from current documents or websites and the term remains on many pages which display "© 2007 State of California".
Businesses such as Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, Mandarin Oriental, Oriental Financial Group, Inc.,Orient Thai Airlines, Orient Steam Navigation Company, Orient Watch Co., Neptune Orient Lines are just a few of many successful enterprises to share this term as a part of their name.
Many universities no longer accept the usage of the term Oriental when describing people. However, the highly-regarded American Oriental Society and many others continue to use the term in its publishings.
The Oriental Food Association , Oriental Bellydancer Association , The Association of Oriental Arts , the Shriners and other social groups continue to use the term. The American Association of Oriental Medicine and many other state-specific associations of oriental medicine still use the term. The World Wide Web has a profusion of "oriental" pornography and so-called mail order bride sites that exploit stereotypes as well desperate individuals on both sides of the transaction. The Oriental Martial Arts College and other martial arts organizations employ the term regularly.
Major objections to the use of the word "Oriental" are chiefly limited to certain elements in North America. Its usage is not controversial in Europe, where the word is considered neutral and in widespread usage as evidenced by its usage on the online British Monarchy Media Centre. In France the terms "l'Occident" and "l'Orient" are used without any negative associations in academic contexts. In Europe the term is often used to describe such things as the East's cuisine and goods, ancient culture, and religions, at times to denote an exotic quality with upmarket or mildly positive connotations. In the UK the term "Asian" has become almost exclusively tied to the Indian subcontinent, as evidenced through BBC Asian Network, a radio station of the BBC devoted to the British Asian community.
- ↑ Walter Burkert, The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age (Harvard University Press) 1992 p. 1 and note.
- ↑ http://www.muslim-answers.org/orientalism.htm
- ↑ Beard, Henry and Cerf, Christopher. The Official Politically Correct Dictionary and Handbook. New York: Villard Books, 1993.
- ↑ "Asian." The American Heritage Book of English Usage
- ↑ "Race, Ethnicity, and National Origin." Sensitive Language. Random House
- ↑ "Oriental." Merriam-Webster
- ↑ "Oriental."
- ↑ http://www.sacbee.com/content/opinion/story/6184665p-7139626c.html%20| Sacramento Bee, February 27, 2003 "Editorial: Policing the vocabulary Textbook sensitivity goes fanatic"
- ↑ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9108541/philosophical-anthropology
- ↑ http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jonmorro/race.html
- ↑ "A History of Race/ism", Prepared by Tim McCaskell, a representative of the Toronto Board of Education
- ↑ http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/victorian/history/empire/Empire.html
- ↑ http://www.mediamonitors.net/harunyahya37.html
- ↑ http://www.yalereviewofbooks.com/archive/summer03/review12.shtml.htm Yale Book Review
- ↑ http://mtprof.msun.edu/Win1994/PTrev.html
- ↑ Battle of the Books: The Curriculum Debate in America 1993 James Atlas published by W W Norton & Co Inc
- ↑ The Language Police: How Pressure Groups Restrict What Children Learn by Diane Ravitch (c) 2003 published by Knopf
- ↑ http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=RecordDetails&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ497173&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=eric_accno&objectId=0900000b8003e14e Challenging the Myths about Multicultural Education by Carl A Grant
- ↑ "Multicultural Education Through the Lens of the Multicultural Education Research Literature." by J.A. Banks and C.A. McGee Banks (eds.). Handbook of Research on Multicultural Education NY: Simon. and Schuster Macmillan
- ↑ http://www.randomhouse.com/knopf/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780375414824
- ↑ http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110003695
- ↑ http://www.worldandi.com/newhome/public/2003/September/bk2pub.asp
- ↑ http://www.worldandi.com/newhome/public/2003/September/bk2pub.asp
- ↑ http://www.educationupdate.com/archives/2003/june03/issue/spot_ravitch.html Education Update
- ↑ http://www.freewebs.com/bannedwords/
- ↑ http://www.freewebs.com/bannedwords/#IMAGEASIAN
- ↑ http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/about/pr2004/pr04_61.html
- ↑ http://www.acupuncture.ca.gov/pubs_forms/cons_guide_2002.pdf
- ↑ http://www.health.gov/nhic/NHICScripts/Entry.cfm?HRCode=HR2824
- ↑ http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/January/Day-10/i491.htm
- ↑ http://ecos.fws.gov/species_profile/servlet/gov.doi.species_profile.servlets.SpeciesProfile?spcode=B03C
- ↑ http://www.in.gov/dnr/invasivespecies/oriental_bittersweet_1.pdf
- ↑ http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/other/syah/orierice.htm
- ↑ http://hawaii.gov/health/about/rules/11-29.pdf
- ↑ http://bioethics.gov/transcripts/jun03/session2.html
- ↑ http://www.michigan.gov/documents/cis_ofis_fis_1043_24817_7.pdf
- ↑ http://www.fws.gov/midwest/horicon/nativeamericans.html
- ↑ http://www.loc.gov/acq/devpol/sociology.html
- ↑ http://vitalrecords.alaska.gov/dph/bvs/PDFs/1999/annual_report/Introduction.pdf
- ↑ http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/census/Folder.2005-11-23.1639/ec02-reference/small_diner_condensed_final.pdf
- ↑ http://www.nps.gov/archive/manz/hrs/hrs10i.htm
- ↑ http://www.va.gov/vetapp/files1/9401243.txt
- ↑ http://www.michigan.gov/documents/GBFT0203_61996_7.pdf
- ↑ http://www.nifl.gov/nifl-health/1998/0198.html
- ↑ http://ocp.dc.gov/ocp/frames.asp?doc=/ocp/lib/ocp/information/solatt/attachment_j.04_eeo_compliance_documents.doc&open=|34644|
- ↑ http://www.hud.gov/offices/fheo/library/part109.pdf
- ↑ RCW 1.20.130: "Preferred terminology in government documents." Revised Code of Washington
- ↑ California State Senate
- ↑ http://www.acupuncture.ca.gov/education/schools.htm
- ↑ http://yp.yahoo.com/py/ypMap.py?Pyt=Typ&tuid=12363968&ck=2317990383&tab=B2C&tcat=8106973&city=Monterey&state=CA&uzip=93940&country=us&msa=7120&cs=4&ed=3Cjhzq1o2TwW0JlAiouvxdEhci7IWZ92n2SEvi.yLw_KCQ--&stat=:pos:0:regular:regT:2:fbT:0
- ↑ http://www.csomaonline.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3289
- ↑ http://yp.yahoo.com/py/ypResults.py?stx=oriental+medicine&stp=a&tab=B2C&city=Los+Angeles&state=CA&uzip=90012&country=us&msa=4480&slt=34.052170&sln=-118.243469&cs=4&Submit=Search
- ↑ http://www.acupuncture.ca.gov/law_reg/art35
- ↑ http://www.acupuncture.ca.gov/exams/stats_mar2006.htm
- ↑ http://www.acupuncturetoday.com/mpacms/at/article.php?id=27949&MERCURYSID=719fb03a0214a10a71b0f5217cfbddae
- ↑ http://www.acupuncture.ca.gov/law_reg/1399_45_modtext.pdf
- ↑ http://www.acupuncture.ca.gov/pubs_forms/cons_guide_2002.pdf
- ↑ http://www.freewebs.com/bannedwords
- ↑ http://www.degruyter.de/journals/zac/261_5290_ENU_h.htm
- ↑ http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/default.html
- ↑ http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/dept/linguist/index.html
- ↑ http://www.ksi.edu/seke/cpol.html
- ↑ http://www.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/pressrel03/release121903.htm
- ↑ http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2003/feb2003/feb03leb.htm
- ↑ http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=16541
- ↑ http://michellemalkin.com/archives/000239.htm
- ↑ http://michellemalkin.com/archives/006107.htm?print=1
- ↑ http://michellemalkin.com/archives/000239.htm
- ↑ http://www.altavista.com/web/results?itag=ody&pg=aq&aqmode=s&aqa=oriental&aqp=&aqo=&aqn=&aqb=&kgs=1&kls=0&dt=tmperiod&d2=0&dfr%5Bd%5D=1&dfr%5Bm%5D=1&dfr%5By%5D=1980&dto%5Bd%5D=4&dto%5Bm%5D=11&dto%5By%5D=2006&filetype=&rc=dmn&swd=michellemalkin.com&lh=&nbq=10
- ↑ http://www.orientalfood.org/
- ↑ http://www.orientdance.ru/index_e.htm
- ↑ http://homepage.realtv21.com/?userid=obda_1&pagetype=&viewno=94
- ↑ http://www.art-virtue.com/demo/2006-TaoArt/index.htm
- ↑ http://www.webruler.com/shriners/oriental.htm
- ↑ http://www.ladiesorientalshrine.org/home.html
- ↑ http://www.aaom.org/ Website of American Association of Oriental Medicine
- ↑ http://www.oriental-bikini.com/
- ↑ http://www.orientals.com/
- ↑ http://www.orientalcompanion.com
- ↑ http://www.omacworld.com
- ↑ http://www.west-meet-east.com/martialarts.htm
- ↑ http://www.orientalmartialarts.org/
- ↑ http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page5495.asp
References and further reading
- The American Oriental Society
- The Oriental Institute at University of Chicago
- On Asian and Oriental Model Minority posting by Alan Hu
- Banned Words For comparative analysis: a list "banned" words (including Oriental) as documented by Diane Ravitch.
- The Language Police: How Pressure Groups Restrict What Students Learn Explains how "Oriental" and other terms were "banned" from textbooks<|endoftext|>Description This German manuscript is a copy of Eberhard of Bethune's thirteenth-century grammatical poem Graecismus. The poem is accompanied by an extensive gloss by Jean-Vincent Metulin, a scholar from southern France. Having functioned as a textbook, the manuscript's condition suggests it was well-used by students eager to memorize and comprehend Bethune's ideas on the grammatical usage of Greek words.
Provenance L.S. Olschiki, [date and mode of acquisition unknown, Inv. no. 28236]; Henry Walters, ca. 1912 (?) [mode of acquisition unknown]; Walters Art Museum, 1931, by bequest.
Credit Acquired by Henry Walters, before 1931
Download PDF Add to Collection Share on Twitter Share on Facebook Creative Commons License<|endoftext|>什么是佛山分红保险
分红保险就是保险公司在每个会计年度完结后，把上一会计年度该类分红保险的可分配盈余，依照一定的比例、以现金红利或增值红利的方式，分配给客户的一种人寿保险。佛山分红保险是指，在佛山市投保的分红保险。
客户与股东分享分红保险的经营成果，必须要遵守一定的
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Knowing your individual risk factors for CAD is the first step toward reaching ideal heart health. Do you know where you stand? Have you had an annual physical or participated in a Know Your Number health screening? If so, congratulations! You are on your way to better health!<|endoftext|>Mersin Escort Gerçek Hizmet Veren Kızlar. Saygın bir eskort hizmeti bulduysanız ve göndermeye hazır bir profiliniz varsa, herhangi bir ücret ödemeyin. Hizmet, eskort hizmetinizi pazarlamanıza yardımcı olmak için orada. Herhangi bir maliyet varsa, dikkatli olun ve sorular sorun. Eskortlar ajans dolandırıcılıklarından kaçınabilir parçası olmak istedikleri herhangi bir kurumu veya hizmeti araştırdıklarından emin olarak. Kendi işinizin kontrolü sizdedir ve bunu sizin için kimse yönetmemelidir. Profilinizi, potansiyel müşterilerin kolayca erişebileceği ve sizinle iletişim kurabilecekleri ve rezervasyon yapabilecekleri bir sitede yayınlayın. Bugün her yerde hayatın her alanında dolandırıcılık var. Eskortlar muaf değildir. Ne gönderdiğinizden ve nereye gönderdiğinizden haberdar olun. Eskortlar, herhangi bir sosyal medya kuruluşunda gönderi paylaşan herkes gibi profil yayınlarken risk alır. Bir eskort gerçekten temkinliyse ve çok zamanı varsa, kendi web sitesini oluşturabilir. Bu sık sık meydana gelen bir şey değil, ancak bir eskortun beceri ve yetenekleri varsa, neden olmasın! Nerede ve nasıl gönderdikleri konusunda akıllılarsa. Aciliyetten dolayı veya iyi bir fikir gibi göründüğü için bir şeye atlamayın. Biraz araştırma yapmak için gereken süre boyunca, bir eskort birçok gereksiz sorunu kurtarabilir.
Diğer Mersin Escort Bayanlarla konuşun ve profillerini nereye gönderdiklerini görün. Belki eskortlar zaten birbirlerini tanır ve birbirlerinin deneyimlerinden beslenebilir. Biraz kazı yapmak ve dolandırılma endişesi olmadan bir profil gönderebileceğiniz doğru eskort hizmetini veya acenteyi bulmak hiçbir şeye mal olmaz. Mesajlarınızı süzün ve doğru görünmeyen mesajlardan kurtulun. Meşru gelmiyorlarsa, silmek çok fazla çaba gerektirmez. Bir eskort bir profil oluşturduğunda, eklemeniz gereken şeyler ve gizli tutulması gereken şeyler vardır. Çok fazla kişisel bilgi verirseniz, kendinizi orada olan herhangi bir ajans dolandırıcılığına açabilirsiniz. Ajans dolandırıcılıklarından kaçınmak için profilinizi basitleştirin. Potansiyel müşterilerin ilgisini çekecek yeterli bilgiyi ve müşterinin size ulaşabileceği iletişim bilgilerini verin. Sizinle iletişim kurmaya çalışan bazı dolandırıcılara da hazırlıklı olun. Bunların tespit edilmesi kolaydır. Mesajlarınızı gözden geçirdikten sonra, birinin sizi dolandırmak için arayıp aramadığını anlayabilmeniz gerekir. Sizi kendileriyle çalışmaya ikna etmeye çalışacak başka bir kurumdan telefon alabilirsiniz. Bir silme düğmesi var ve onu kullanmalısınız. Kimse dolandırıcılara karşı güvende değildir, özellikle de işlerini çevrimiçi olarak tanıtanlar. Mersin Bayan Escortlar, potansiyel müşterileri çekmek için yayın profillerine güveniyor. Bağımsız bir eskort iseniz, profilinizi gönderebileceğiniz ücretsiz yetişkin reklam siteleri vardır. Mersin’de profilinizi göndermek için iletişime geçmeniz gereken yasal eskort sayfaları ve hizmetleri vardır.
Bir önceki yazımız olan Mersin Escort Bağımsız Bayan Modeller başlıklı makalemizde Mersin Escort hakkında bilgiler verilmektedir.
131 total views, 1 today<|endoftext|>This article is about the nation of Georgia. For the U.S. state, see Georgia (U.S. state).
|Motto: Dzala ertobashia ძალა ერთობაშია (Georgian)
"Strength is in Unity"
|Anthem: Tavisupleba თავისუფლება (Georgian)
|Official languages||Georgian (also Abkhaz within the Abkhazian Autonomous Republic)|
|Government||Unitary semi-presidential republic|
|- President||Mikheil Saakashvili|
|- Prime Minister||Nikoloz Gilauri|
| - Kingdoms of
Colchis and Iberia
| - Georgian Kingdom
| - Democratic
Republic of Georgia
May 26 1918
|- Independence||from the Soviet Union|
|- Declared||April 9 1991|
|- Recognized||September 6 1991|
|- Completed||December 25 1991|
|- Total||69,700 km² (120th)
26,911 sq mi
|- 2013 estimate||4,555,911|
|GDP (PPP)||2010 estimate|
|- Total||$22.443 billion|
|- Per capita||$5,114|
|HDI (2010)||0.698 (high)|
|Currency||Lari (ლ) (
|Time zone||MSK (UTC+3)|
|- Summer (DST)||MSD (UTC+4)|
|1 Population figure excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia.|
Georgia (transliterated as Sakartvelo), known officially from 1990 to 1995 as the Republic of Georgia, is a country to the east of the Black Sea.
Populated for about 8000 years, Georgia has been called the birthplace of wine, due to archaeological findings which indicate wine production back to 5000 B.C.E.
According to legend, the Georgian people descended from Biblical Noah's third son Japheth.
In 327 C.E., Christianity was declared the official state religion in the ancient Georgian Kingdom of Iberia, making Georgia the second oldest country after Armenia (301) to declare Christianity as the official state religion. The Bible was translated into the Georgian language in the fifth century.
From 1941 to 1945, during World War II, almost 700,000 Georgians fought as Red Army soldiers against Nazi Germany. A number fought with the German army. About 350,000 Georgians died on the Eastern Front.
There is controversy over the etymology of the English name Georgia. One view holds that it is derived from the Greek: Γεωργία Geōrgía, meaning agriculture or farmland.
Another view contends that the English Georgia derives from the modern Persian word for the Georgians, گرجستان or gurj, which means wolf. This term could derive from the helmet, made of a wolf's head, worn by the Georgian Vakhtang Gorgasali when he fought against invading Persians. This term could also originate from the once-held Persian belief that the pre-Christian Georgians worshipped a cult of the wolf.
Georgians call themselves Kartvelebi (ქართველები), their land Sakartvelo (საქართველო), and their language Kartuli (ქართული). These names are derived from a chief named Kartlos, said to be the father of all Georgians. According to the legend Kartlos was a son of Targamos, grandson of Biblical Noah's third son Japheth.
Eastern Georgia was known by the Greek world as Iberia, which may be also be spelled as Iveria.
Georgia borders the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, in the Caucasus region, to the north and northeast, Georgia borders the Russian republics of Chechnya, Ingushetia, and North Ossetia, all of which began to seek autonomy from Russia in 1992. Neighbors to the south are Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey. With a land area of 26,912 square miles, or 69,700 square kilometres, Georgia is slightly smaller than South Carolina, in the United States.
Mountains are the dominant geographic feature. The Likhi Range divides the country east and west. The western portion was known as Colchis while the eastern plateau was called Iberia. Mountains isolate the northern region of Svaneti from the rest of Georgia.
The Greater Caucasus Mountain Range separates Georgia from the North Caucasian Republics of Russia. The south is bounded by the Lesser Caucasus Mountains.
The highest mountain is Mount Shkhara at 17,059 feet (5201 meters) and the second highest is Mount Janga (Jangi-Tau) at 16,572 feet (5051 meters) above sea level. Other prominent peaks include Kazbek, Tetnuldi, Shota Rustaveli, Mount Ushba, and Ailama.
Only Kazbek is of volcanic origin. The region between Kazbek and Shkhara, a distance of about 124 miles (200km) along the Main Caucasus Range, is dominated by numerous glaciers. The Lesser Caucasus Mountains are made up of interconnected mountain ranges, largely of volcanic origin, that do not exceed 11,000 feet (3400 meters). The area includes the Javakheti Volcanic Plateau, numerous lakes, including Tabatskuri and Paravani, as well as mineral water and hot springs.
The Kazbek Cave, the deepest known cave in the world, is located in the Gagra Range, in Abkhazia. The cave is 7020 feet (2140 metres) deep. Main rivers include the Rioni and the Mtkvari.
Western Georgia's landscape ranges from low-land marsh-forests, swamps, and temperate rain forests to eternal snows and glaciers, while the eastern part of the country contains a small segment of semi-arid plains characteristic of Central Asia. Forests cover around 40 percent of Georgia's territory while the alpine/subalpine zone accounts for roughly around 10 percent.
Much of the natural habitat in the low-lying west has disappeared over the last 100 years due to the agricultural development and urbanization. Forests that covered the Colchis plain have gone with the exception of national parks and reserves (such as the Paleostomi Lake area).
Western Georgia's forests consist of deciduous trees below 1968 feet (600 meters) above sea level and include oak, hornbeam, beech, elm, ash, and chestnut. Evergreen species such as box may also be found in many areas.
Eastern Georgia's river plains have been deforested for agricultural purposes. Due to the region's drier climate, some low-lying plains were never forested. Nearly 85 percent of the forests are deciduous – including beech, oak, hornbeam, maple, aspen, ash, and hazelnut.
The climate of Georgia is diverse, considering the nation's small size. The Greater Caucasus Mountain Range keeps out colder air masses from the north, while the Lesser Caucasus Mountains partly protect the region from dry and hot air masses from the south.
Much of western Georgia lies within the humid subtropical zone, with annual precipitation ranging from 39–157 inches (1000–4000mm), heavy during autumn. While much of the lowland areas are relatively warm throughout the year, the foothills and mountainous areas have cool, wet summers and snowy winters. Ajaria is wettest, where the Mount Mtirala rainforest receives around 4500mm (177 inches) of precipitation per year.
The Black Sea port of Batumi receives 98.4 inches (2500 mm) per year. Several varieties of palm trees grow there. The midwinter average temperature is 41°F (5°C) and the midsummer average is 72°F (22°C).
Eastern Georgia has a transitional climate, from humid subtropical to continental. Annual precipitation ranges from 16–63 inches (400–1600mm). The wettest periods occur during spring and autumn. Summer temperatures range from 68°F (20°C) to 75°F (24°C), and winter temperatures from 35°F (2°C) to 40°F (4°C).
Earthquakes and landslides in mountainous areas present a significant threat. Massive rock- and mudslides in Ajaria in 1989 displaced thousands in southwestern Georgia, and two earthquakes in 1991 destroyed several villages in northcentral Georgia and South Ossetia.
Black Sea pollution, caused by inadequate sewage treatment, has harmed Georgia's tourist industry. In Batumi, only 18 percent of wastewater is treated before release into the sea. An estimated 70 percent of surface water contains health-endangering bacteria to which Georgia's high rate of intestinal disease is attributed. The war in Abkhazia damaged ecological habitats unique to that region.
The main cities are the capital Tbilisi, with a population of 1,066,100, Kutaisi (183,300) and Batumi (116,900).
The region of present–day Georgia was settled sometime between 6000 and 5000 B.C.E. by a neolithic culture. Archaeological excavations revealed a number of ancient settlements that included houses with galleries, carbon-dated to the fifth millennium B.C.E. in the Imiris-gora region of Eastern Georgia. In the the fourth and third millennia B.C.E., Georgia and Asia Minor were home to the Kura-Araxes culture, giving way in the second millennium B.C.E. to the Trialeti culture.
Between 2100 and 750 B.C.E., the area survived the invasions by the Hittites, Urartians, Medes, Proto-Persians and Cimmerians. At the same period, the ethnic unity of Proto-Kartvelians broke up into several branches, among them Svans, Zans, Chans and East-Kartvelians. Two core areas of future Georgian culture and statehood formed by the end of the eighth century B.C.E. In the west was the Kingdom of Colchis and in the east the Kingdom of Iberia.
Colchis is the location of the Golden Fleece sought by Jason and the Argonauts in the Greek myth and may have derived from the local practice of using fleeces to sift gold dust from rivers.
Adoption of Christianity
The western Georgian Kingdom of Iberia became one of the first states in the world to convert to Christianity in 327 C.E., when the King of Iberia, Mirian II, established it as the state religion. The date varies in the numerous accounts and historical documents. According to Georgian chronicles, St. Nino of Cappadocia converted Georgia to Christianity in 330 C.E. during the time of Constantine the Great. By the middle of the fourth century though, both Lazica (formerly the Kingdom of Colchis) and Iberia adopted Christianity.
During the fourth and most of the fifth centuries, Iberia (known also as the Kingdom of Kartli) was under Persian control. The Kingdom was abolished and the country was ruled by the governors appointed by the Shahs. At the end of the fifth century, Prince Vakhtang I Gorgasali orchestrated an anti-Persian uprising and restored Iberian statehood, proclaiming himself the king. Vakhtang launched campaigns against Persia and the Byzantine Empire. But after Vakhtang’s death in 502, and the short reign of his son Dachi (502-514), Iberia was reincorporated into Persia as a province with Iberian-elected governors, called erismtavari.
By the late seventh century, the Byzantine-Persian rivalry for the Middle East had given way to Arab conquest of the region.
The rebellious regions were liberated and united into the Georgian Kingdom at the beginning of the eleventh century. This kingdom reached its zenith in the twelfth to early thirteenth centuries, and is termed as Georgia's Golden Age. But the kingdom was subordinated by the Mongols in 1236. Different local rulers fought for their independence until the kingdom disintegrated in the fifteenth century. Neighboring kingdoms exploited the situation and from the sixteenth century, the Persian Empire and the Ottoman Empire subordinated the eastern and western regions of Georgia, respectively.
Fighting between partly autonomous regions, rebellions, and Persian and Turkish invasions weakened the regions, reducing the population to 250,000 inhabitants at one point.
Within the Russian Empire
In 1783 Russia and the eastern Georgian kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti signed the Treaty of Georgievsk, according to which Kartli-Kakheti received protection by Russia. This, however, did not prevent Tbilisi from being sacked by the Persians in 1795.
On December 22, 1800, Tsar Paul I of Russia, at the alleged request of the Georgian king Giorgi XII of Kartli-Kakheti, signed the Proclamation on the incorporation of Georgia (Kartli-Kakheti) within the Russian Empire. In May 1801, Russian General Carl Heinrich Knorring dethroned the Georgian heir to the throne David Batonishvili and deployed a government headed by General Ivan Petrovich Lasarev. In April 1802, General Knorring forced the nobility, gathered in Tbilisi's Sioni Cathedral to take an oath on the imperial crown of Russia. Those who disagreed were arrested.
In the summer of 1805, Russian troops on the river Askerani near Zagam defeated the Persian army and saved Tbilisi from conquest. In 1810, Russia annexed the western Georgian kingdom of Imereti. The last Imeretian king and the last Georgian Bagrationi ruler Solomon II died in exile in 1815. From 1803 to 1878, as a result of Russian wars against Turkey and Iran, Batumi, Akhaltsikhe, Poti, and Abkhazia were annexed to Georgia. The principality of Guria was abolished in 1828, and that of Samegrelo (Mingrelia) in 1857. The region of Svaneti was gradually annexed in 1857–59.
The Soviet period
After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Georgia declared independence on May 26, 1918, in the midst of the Russian Civil War. The Georgian Social-Democratic Party won the election and its leader, Noe Zhordania, became the prime minister. In 1918 a Georgian–Armenian war briefly erupted. In 1918–1919 the Georgian army attacked the Russian White Army to claim the Black Sea coastline.
In February 1921, the Russian Red Army defeated Georgia, the Social-Democrat government fled, and on February 25, the Red Army installed a puppet communist government led by Georgian Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze. Soviet rule was established only after a 1924 revolt was brutally suppressed. Georgia was incorporated into the Transcaucasian SFSR uniting Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. The TFSSR was disaggregated into its component elements in 193
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first detection Wimbledon, 14 July 2002; front north to York by 2007), Finland (by 2006), Albania, Turkey (Cabeci and Acer, 2007), Moldova, Belarus (Forest Research, see link below), and Russia (Kashtanova, 2009). The most recent distribution map for Europe is that of Augustin (2009), and fine scale distribution maps are available for various countries such as UK (http://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/forestresearch.nsf/ByUnique/INFD-6YUBY5) and Poland (Buszko, 2006) and Lithuania (Ivinskis and Rimšaitë, 2006)
The absence of many other organisms on the leaves of planted trees - except for the probably Asian horse-chestnut scale insect Pulvinaria regalis Canard, the dothidiomycete leaf blotch fungus Guignardia aesculi (Peck) V.B. Stewart of North American origin (Augustin, 2005) and in the last few years, a powdery mildew Erysiphe flexuosa (Peck) U. Braun et S. Takamatsuhas that is either invasive from North America or may be of Balkan origin (Denchev, 2008) - has given this moth an almost free reign to colonise clean plants. It should be noted, in this respect, that the niche is a vacant one, as there are no other leaf-miners nor other regular lepidopteran herbivores on horse-chestnut, although up to 11 polyphagous species of tortricids, geometrids and noctuids have been reported to attack the tree outside its natural range in Turkey (Cebeci and Acer, 2007). 24 species, mainly noctuids, lymantriids, geometrids, saturniids and tortricids are also recorded on the NHM hosts database feeding on A. hippocastanum but most of these are polyphagous nearctic species and in Europe, only Acronicta aceris and Saturnia pyri and the internal feeder Zeuzera pyri were previously recorded to feed this tree (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/hostplant...). Thus, the report by Cebeci and Acer (2007) that includes the Horse Chestnut moth Pachycnemia hippocastanaria (Hübner, 1799) (which is normally Erica-feeding) as a "pest" of the tree seems surprising, since there appears to be no other evidence that this species regularly feeds on horse-chestnut. The names of this last species and the March Moth Alsophila aescularia ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) seem more likely to have been derived from observations of the adults sitting on the trunks.
The larva forms a blotch mine on upperside of leaf of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (primary host of this species, formerly Hippocastanaceae, but Sapindaceae according to the APG II classification). Other artificially planted species that are used are A. glabra Willd., A. turbinata Blume, A. x bushi Schneid, and the moth is capable of full development on American species such as A. octandra, A. glabra, A. sylvatica and A. pavia (Freise et al., 2004), although dies on A. chinensis, A. californica and the common red-flowered hybrid A. x carnea and A. indica. The females quite frequently oviposits on sycamore trees Acer pseudoplatanus L. (formerly Aceraceae, Sapindaceae following APGII classification) (de Prins and de Prins, 2005: 147), usually ones neighbouring horse-chestnuts. Alarmingly, the insect is capable of full development on both A. pseudoplatanus and Acer platanoides (Grabenweger and Grill, 2000; Freise et al., 2004), and this poses a new threat if mutations now exist that can adapt to this genus in Europe. Although oviposition certainly occurs on a range of plants that may abut horse-chestnuts, there is so far no evidence that Cameraria ohridella can develop successfully on any plant genera outside Aesculus and Acer
Natural enemies are essentially parasitoids (see below), but various predators have been recorded including spiders and birds, especially the Blue Tit (Parus caerulea), ants such as Crematogaster scutellaris (Radeghieri, 2004), earwigs Forficula auricularia, and grasshoppers such as Phaneroptera paleata and Meconema meridionale (Grabenweger, Kehrli et al., 2005). Death by predators provides little control and far greater mortality is caused by intraspecific competition on leaves, death by microorganisms at various stages and especially, in the adult stage, by rain (Augustin, 2005).
Most parasitoids are generalist and Cameraria ohridella has successfully recruited many species (see Girardoz et al., 2006). The invasive moth appears to have an ecosystem impact by depressing the abundance of leaf miner communities in the vicinity of infected trees, possibly via shared natural enemies (Péré et al., 2009). Current research with the aim of finding a biocontrol agent focuses on parasitoids in the region of relict populations. There are many parasitoids so far recorded, but the chalcidoid eulophid genera Chrysocharis, Closterocerus (C. trifasciatus Westwood) Minotetrastichus (M. frontalis), Pnigalio (P. agraulius) and Pediobius are important and especially P. saulius, a pupal parasitoid, which seems to respond sensitively to Cameraria abundance following several years of presence (Grabenweger, Stolz et al., 2005). Cirropsilus talitizkii also seems to be actively tracking the colonisation of the moth (Augustin, 2005). Most chalcidoids and braconids attack larval stages but some ichneumonids parasitize the pupa. No parasitoids have been found on eggs although the eggs are very small. The parasitoid community has been investigated in detail in some places such as Serbia, where it has little effect on Cameraria abundance (Stojanović and Marković, 2004) and Slovenia (Tóth and Lukáš, 2005). Rate of parasitism is exceptionally low for a gracillariid species, usually below 10%, and does not generally exceed 25% with a normal range in the Balkans of 3.6-21%, a range not varying between natural and artificial stands (Grabenweger, Avtzis, et al., 2005). One reason for this low level may be that local generalist parasitoids are busy using different hosts and thus do not tend to adopt Cameraria rapidly in the season soon after emergence of adults (Girardoz et al. 2006).
Over 60 generalist parasitoids have been recorded. The list of de Prins and de Prins, 2005 (supplemented by Stojanović and Marković, 2004 and Tóth and Lukáš, 2005; Grabenweger et al., 2005) documents the following parasitoid generic and species records for C. ohridella:
Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae: Isodromus vinulus (Dalman, 1820); Eulophidae: Elachertinae: Cirrospilus elegantissimus Westwood, 1832, C. pictus (Nees, 1834), C. singa Walker, 1838, C. talitzkii Bouček, 1961, C. variegatus (Masi, 1907), C. viticola (Rondani, 1877), C. vittatus Walker, 1838; Elachertus inunctus Nees; Aprostocetus sp.; Elasminae: Melittobia acasta (Walker), 1922); Entedoninae: Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker, 1839), C. orchestis (Ratzeburg), C. pentheus (Walker, 1839), Chrysocharis phryne, C. purpurea Bukowski, 1938, Closterocerus delucchi (Bouček, 1971), Closterocerus lyonetiae (Ferriere), C. trifasciatus Westwood, 1833, Neochrysocharis chlorogaster (Erd.), Diglyphus isaea (Walker, 1838), Euplectrus bicolor (Swederus, 1795), Hemiptarsenus dropion (Walker), H. ornatus (Nees, 1834), Pediobius saulius (Walker, 1839); Pnigalio agraules (Walker, 1839), P. longulus (Zetterstedt, 1838), P. pectinicornis (Linnaeus, 1758), Pnigalio populifoliellae Erdös, P. soemius (Walker, 1839), Sympiesis euspilapterygis (Erdös), S. gordius (Walker, 1839); S. sericeicornis (Nees, 1834); Tetrastichinae: Baryscapus nigroviolaceus (Nees, 1834); Eutetrastichus amethystinus (Ratzeburg), Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees, 1834), M. platanellus (Mercet); Eupelmidae: Eupelmus urozonus (Kiss, 1924), E. vesicularis (Retzius, 1783); Pteromalidae: Mesopolobus sp., Pteromalus semotus (Walker, 1834);Ichneumonoidea: Braconidae: Blacus maculipes Wesmael, Colastes braconius Haliday, 1833, C. flavitarsis Thomson, Pholetesor circumscriptus (Nees, 1834); Ichneumonidae: Adelognathus sp., Gelis aerator (Panzer, 1804), G. agilis (Fabricius), Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst, 1829), I. clavicornis (Thompson), I. maculator (Fabricius), Scambus annulatus (Kiss, 1924), S. brevicornis (Gravenhorst), Zatypota percontatoria (Müller).
One to four generations occur per year; the usual is three (June, August and October are common months for adult flight). In some places such as Lithuania up to 2006 (Ivinskis and Rimšaitė, 2006), there has only been initially an autumn generation.
This species has provided an excellent experimental opportunity to determine patterns and mechanisms of invasion. Rates of spread of 40-58 km year have been recorded in Europe, up to 100 km a year in Poland (Buszko, 2006) and in the Ukraine, moving rapidly eastwards and southeastwards at 75-114 km. per year, and this has been corroborated on studies in particular countries and islands like the UK (http://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/forestresearch.nsf/ByUnique/INFD-6YUBY5; Gilbert et al., 2004; Augustin et al., 2004). Such rates may be relatively high, up to an order of magnitude greater than rates of spread observed in other invasive leaf miners (Agassiz, 1996: 20; Agassiz and Peters, 2002). The mechanism of spread has probably been natural (limited) aerial dispersion as adults aided by wind drift and accelerated by high late summer aerial densities owing to productive capacity of up to an order of magnitude per generation, possibly accelerated by climate change, but greatly by artificial transport as mines from cars parked under trees for a while as well as adults in cars and public transport, even ferries. Vehicular transport probably explains its punctuational dispersal pattern in Europe. A stratified model incorporating human population density has been found to explain the dispersion much better than a simple diffusion model (Gilbert et al., 2004.). This model has been found to have excellent predictive power (Gilbert et al., 2005). New records are generally found close to transport routes (Gilbert et al., 2004). Deliberate transport of leaves from parks to peripheral areas in the summer and autumn was also probably a major agent of its spread before burning policies have been adopted. Under suitable conditions significant wind drift can also occur, and with the high density of aerial plankton in the summer months generating arrivals that may be several km from the nearest tree, and a high density of trees in towns has undoubtedly been a significant factor in its spread, which would by normal flight only be of the order of 100 m. (Augustin, 2009).
Elevational limits are from sea level to 1500 m.; occurring to lower elevations at higher latitudes e.g. 900 m. in Poland (Buszko, 2006). In Spain, the species apparently avoids hot climates near sea level and may also avoid trees exposed to salinity. Horse-chestnut natural stands occur at 566-1485 m. in Albania, Greece and Macedonia with one lowland population at 228 m (Avtzis, 2007). Tolerance of pupae to mortality occurs at a low threshold of up to -21 oC (Lethmayer, unpublished). Nearly 90% of overwintering pupae may die in the leaves from various causes.
There are several hypotheses for the biogeographic origin of this species. The first proposed was that the species originated in the Balkans, where it forms a relict population as the only known European Cameraria, along with its hostplant (Dimić and Deschka, 1986; Grabenwager and Grill, 2000; Pschorn-Walcher, 1994; Valade et al., 2009). The second was that it originated in E. Asia, perhaps China, where Acer and Aesculus-feeding relatives are known to exist (Grabenwager and Grill, 2000; Kenis et al., 2005). There were two other (now implausible) hypotheses for its biogeographic origin. The third, an origin in the US, where Cameraria is very diverse and at least one species is Aesculus-feeding (Kenis et al., 2005, 2006), had already been ruled out due to intensive searches and entomological knowledge there, and lack of close relatives, although the genus occurs south to Mexico, where it is less well known. The fourth, an origin in South-east Europe from another host such as Acer is a hypothesis (Hellrigl, 2001) that seemed unlikely unless from an extremely localised site (Kenis et al., 2005). The fifth and final hypothesis, an origin from another host entirely, perhaps also Sapindaceae (but not Aesculus or Acer) also seemed very unlikely based on current knowledge of hostplant preferences (Kenis et al. 2005).
In 2009, an analysis of mtDNA and microsatellites showed a reduction in genetic diversity of C. ohridella populations sampled from artificial habitats (e.g. planted trees in public parks, gardens, along roads in urban or sub-urban areas) across Europe, compared to C. ohridella sampled in natural stands of horse-chestnuts in the southern Balkans (Valade et al., 2009). These findings suggested that European populations of C. ohridella indeed derive from relict horse-chestnut populations in the southern Balkans, where in that case they must have been biogeographically isolated until the advent of modern road infrastructure and transport mechanisms. This suggestion has been confirmed in 2011 by a study revealing the inadvertent collection of this species among the first herbarium specimens from natural sites in the Southern Balkans, that dating from 1879. This clearly shows a Balkan origin for the moth and rules out the other hypotheses (Lees et al., 2011). However more work is needed to see if the species is truly monophagous in the region, while the deeper phylogenetic aspects of the origin of this species have not yet been explored.
Evolution and Systematics
Systematics and Taxonomy
No paper has yet been focused on the phylogenetics of the genus Cameraria.
Lopez-Vaamonde et al (2003) presented DNA sequence data (28S rDNA) for the first time for the species. They showed Cameraria as the sister taxon to the genus Phyllonorycter. In a second paper, Lopez-Vaamonde et al (2006) included C. ohridella in their molecular phylogenetic analysis and, in the limited sample of species then used, this species fell as sister to the North American species C. hamadryadella. However, the sister species of Cameraria ohridella is not yet known for certain, but the male and female genitalia of the Eastern Asian C. niphonica Kumata, 1963 (Kumata, 1963: p. 35, figs a to c) are particularly similar to those of C. ohridella (compare Deschka and Dimić, 1986, p. 12-15, figs 2, 4, and 5).
Valade et al. (2009) have identified 25 geographically structured haplotypes, based on analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of 486 individuals from 88 localities. In addition, they have showed that there is significantly higher mitochondrial haplotype diversity in the probable region of origin, the southern Balkans, than in central and western Europe (Valade et al., 2009).
No diseases have been recorded as a direct result of damage and the attacks cause mortality to trees only indirectly through being cut down as the result of no longer having aesthetic value.
As an invasive species, the moth is a grave risk to planted horse chestnut trees and may also pose a risk to sycamores Acer pseudoplatanus and A. platanoides, due to increased attacks in some parts of Europe. This aspect has recently been investigated (Péré et al., 2010). If the insect arrives in North America or the Far East, it could also threaten some Aesculus or possibly Acer species there on which it can complete development, both of which genera have a community of native gracillariid-leaf miners and their parasitoids.
The moth has no positive economic value but is a dramatic,perhaps iconic example of the spread of an invasive species in Europe and the risks associated with increases in human transport and activity including the use of amenity trees. Cameraria ohridella has also been flagged as a case study of the importance of herbaria to the study of insect plant interactions and origins of invasive species and diseases, since (despite decades of debate on the moth's origins) this important potential source of historical biodiversity information has generally
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ünyadaki nüfus artışı kentlerin büyümesine neden oluyor. Nüfusun kentlerde yoğunlaşması ulaşım ihtiyacının artmasında da önemli bir faktör. Ancak artan araç sayısının beraberinde getirdiği ve dünya için tehlike yaratan bir durum var: Uzayan mesafeler, araç yoğunluğu vb. nedenlerin tetiklediği küresel ısınma! Peki, Sürdürülebilir bir dünya için artan ulaşım ihtiyacı ve ulaşım ihtiyacının da yol açtığı küresel ısınmayla nasıl başa çıkacağız? Sivil Sayfalar sordu, WRI Türkiye Sürdürülebilir Şehirler Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı Ali Danış yanıtladı.<|endoftext|>Indian Ocean is the latest culprit indicted in the missing heat conundrum associated with global warming.
A computer modeling study by University of Miami in Florida points to strong easterly trade winds that caused warm water to pile up in the western Pacific and seep into the Indian Ocean, which may now hold more than 70% of the heat absorbed by the upper ocean in the past decade.
Sang-Ki Lee, an oceanographer at the University of Miami in Florida, and his colleagues agreed to their theory in data from World Ocean Atlas (WOA) for the early 2000s.
The explanation also fits with measurements of flow through the largest Indonesian channel — the Makassar Strait — which increased over the same period of time.
The researchers have reported their findings in Nature Geoscience.
It has been suspected for long that oceans have played a crucial role in the so-called warming hiatus by storing heat trapped in the atmosphere.
Pacific Ocean has absorbed a significant amount of this heat. With La Niña-like conditions dominating the region since the turn of the century, wind patterns and ocean currents have increased the draw down of warm surface waters in the subtropics.
When the team first went looking for this heat beneath the surface of the Pacific Ocean, they could not find it. In fact, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) and WOA data suggest that the upper 700 metres of the Pacific have actually cooled in recent years.
The conclusion from the computer modeling strengthens the role played by the Pacific in the hiatus.
Gerald Meehl, a climate scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado says that Lee's team has analysed trends in upper 700 metres of the ocean while most research points to a deeper drawdown of heat.
Critics also note that the results disagree with studies using alternatives to the WOA data, which they claim has large observational gaps.
Kevin Trenberth, also a climate scientist at NCAR found pronounced Pacific warming during the hiatus but only modest warming in the Indian Ocean from satellite data.
The pause in warming
Global surface temperatures between 1998 and 2013 indicate a slowdown in global warming, causing skeptics to claim climate change was a hoax.
However, many studies have been done that show this pause in global warming is a result of a combination of natural phenomena ranging from volcanoes to ocean absorption, rather than a drop of emissions.
A University of Washington study claimed that the Atlantic ocean was drawing down heat by nearly a mile, while a ETH Zurich one citing climate fluctuations like El Nino and weak solar irradiance.
The ETH study used climate data taken between 1997 and 2012 and looked at corresponding El Nino and La Nina occurrences to conclude that global warming would continue once these natural fluctuations settle down.
For now the ball has passed to the Indian Ocean.<|endoftext|>Written by a 15 year old who has dyslexia
Computer Game: Swords and Sandals 2
So, in this game, you are allocated with 9 skill points that you distribute to the different attributes of your choice. You may decide to put all 9 points into ‘Strength’ which would mean you would be very strong, but, you would have not enough points in; ‘Agility’ so you wouldn’t be able to move fast enough; ‘Vitality’ so you wouldn’t have much energy; ‘Stamina’ meaning not being able to go long enough without having to sleep. So this game needs you to distribute the skill points evenly throughout the game to win your battles.
Relating this to real life
The way I like to think about it is that, before we are born we are given our 9 skill points and we have them randomly chosen to be put in attributes. Something like Dyslexia could be thought as not putting any skill points in Spelling ability but using those points to put into Entrepreneurial skill. The reason why I like to think of our ability like this is because it makes everyone have equal ‘Skill points’ and someone who is better at spelling than me, would struggle more at maths than I do. This helps to show that with things like dyslexia comes the gifts as well.
Is your glass half-empty or half-full?<|endoftext|>Bitkilerin büyük ölçekli kapatılması Çin'e fayda sağladı.
NASA tarafından elde edilen uydu görüntüleri, Çin'de coronavirüs salgınının azot dioksit ile hava kirliliğinde önemli bir azalmaya yol açtığını gösterdi.
Hastalığın Çin'de yayılmasını önlemek için, en büyük şirketlerin fabrikaları birkaç hafta boyunca çalışmadı. 1 ila 20 Ocak arasındaki uydu görüntüleri havada yüksek düzeyde azot dioksit gösterdi ve 10 ila 25 Şubat arasında neredeyse hiç gaz izi yoktu.
Azot dioksit, atmosfere otomobillerden, enerji santrallerinden ve diğer endüstriyel tesislerden giren bir bronz gazdır. Sağlık sorunlarına neden olabilir: öksürük, astım ve nefes darlığı gibi.
NASA, azot dioksit seviyelerindeki en önemli azalmanın, coronavirüs salgınının başladığı Wuhan üzerinde meydana geldiğini belirtti. Genel olarak, bilim adamları, 2020'de Çin kaynaklı emisyonlardaki azalmanın tüm yıllardan daha uzun sürdüğünü kaydetti.Bu nedenle, hava temizleme sadece Çin Yeni Yılı kutlamaları için ülkenin ayrılmasıyla bağlantılı değildir.
Coronavirüs salgını Aralık 2019'un sonunda başladı. Bu süre zarfında 89 binden fazla insan enfekte oldu. 3048 ölüm bilinmektedir.<|endoftext|>青春不是年华，而是心境；
青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，
而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的感情；
青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
《耀眼阳光下》by 草间弥生 2011
左手疯子，右手天才，草间弥生被称作是“从精神病院走出的”艺术女王。波点可以说是草间弥生作品中较为典型的代表图像，同时也是草间弥生与世界沟通的途径。波点即是波尔卡点（Polka Dots）的缩写，指同一大小、同一种颜色的圆点，以一定的距离均匀排列而成的图案。
从纽约的百老汇歌剧Boogie Woogie，到西班牙热情似火的弗朗门戈舞裙，波点的身影作为那个年代经典的流行标志，可谓是无处不在。
《Broadway Boogie Woogie》Piet Mondrian
1942-1943 现藏于MoMa纽约现代艺术馆
以波点创作著称的草间弥生，她的名字也伴随着波点的影响风靡世界。尽管在草间弥生的创作初期，她的作品让人似懂非懂。但锋芒毕露、特立独行的草间弥生自成一派的风格和魅力，也因此帮助她收获了一大堆与她心意相通的疯狂的粉丝 —— 于是人们亲切的称呼她为会画画的“怪婆婆”。七十年代的网络媒体若是有今天这样发达，草间弥生也可称之为是当之无愧的“网红”了。
《向日葵》by 草间弥生 1989
著名主持人蔡康永曾这样评价过草间弥生，“草间弥生不知是在哪面墙上钻了一个洞，窥知了造物者的某个手势或背影，她从此寄居于这面墙上，在两个世界间来回顾盼。”
《毒蘑菇》by 草间弥生 1990
童年的草间弥⽣罹患神经性疾病，渐渐地她发现了她能看到别⼈看不到的东西——幻觉。她的幻觉里有⼀个个点状物连接起来的⼤网, 这个⼤网构成了她所能看到的全部世界。而她的世界,也通这⼀个个连着的⽩色的圆点,构成了像浩瀚的星⾠大海⼀般⽆边无际的空间。
《蜥蜴女孩》by 草间弥生 1989
草间弥生的艺术世界,也借由这些光点,衍⽣到了⽆限的境界。从此，草间弥生标志性的波点，也不再仅仅局限在画作或是雕塑上，她的作品在进军时尚界后亦成为拥有良好口碑的爆款。
正如时尚界翘楚可可.香奈儿曾说过的一样，”时尚易逝，而风格永存“。由草间弥生引领的波点风潮，给世界和现代艺术带来的影响和震撼如同连续出现的波点一般绵延不绝，强调着经典和永恒。
《红帽子》by 草间弥生 1982
少年情怀，即是永远渴望历险记。
属于草间弥生的历险记，从她在花圃里看到的植物花卉开始作为序章，她的小世界，渐渐地扩大成为幻觉里的光点，组成无垠而璀璨的秘境 。她说，她就像是梦游仙境的爱丽丝一样，对这个花一般的世界疯狂的着迷。如今虽年近90岁的她，却是一个满怀少女心的艺术家，她曾孩子气的和采访她的记者说过，“我始终前卫。我跟别的老人不一样，我从几十年前开始就是前卫艺术家，现在我还是。你记住啊，我不是波普艺术家，我是前卫艺术家，这个不能再写错了。”
《果物》by 草间弥生 1997
永远年轻，永远向上，永远热血。像日本漫画里的主角们一样，草间弥生把她的一生通过艺术创作的方式活的热气腾腾。她说，“我如今的创作热情比此生任何时候都强烈。通过艺术我明白了生死，以及这个世界上绵延存活的众生；通过创作，我不断学习爱与和平的真谛，宇宙万物的奥秘，我迫不及待要把这些都展现在画布上。”
《破晓》by 草间弥生 1989
草间弥生深信，她的艺术使命是希望通过作品传达爱与尊重, 还有世界和平的主题。如今，草间弥生每日在工作室和精神疗养院之间来往，过着常人难以忍受、甚至是无法理解的两点一线的生活。在这样简单却又重复的人生状态里，草间弥生却一如那个受到美国艺术家欧姬芙鼓舞时独自前往美国纽约的少女一样，疯狂且投入的坚持着艺术创作，数十年如一日，风雨不改。意随心动，不忘初心，如今当我们回顾草间弥生几十年的创作历程，也能从中窥见草间弥生所理解的永恒，和她对人生和艺术创作那份不变的坚定和执着。
《黄色南瓜》by 草间弥生 1994
青春不是年华，而是心境；
青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，
而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；
青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind;
it is not a matter of rosy cheeks,
red lips and supple knees;
it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination,
a vigor of the emotions;
it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。
如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。
年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity,
of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease.
This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20.
Nobody grows old merely by a number of years.
We grow old by deserting our ideals.
岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；
热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。
忧烦，惶恐，丧失自信，定使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。
Years may wrinkle the skin,
but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.
Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart
and turns the spring back to dust.
无论年届花甲，拟或二八芳龄，
心中皆有生命之欢乐，奇迹之诱惑，
孩童般天真久盛不衰
人人心中皆有一台天线，
只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、
欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，
你就青春永驻，风华常存。
Whether 60 or 16,
there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonder,
the unfailing childlike appetite of
what’s next and the joy of the game of living.
In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station:
so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young.
一旦天线下降，锐气便被冰雪覆盖，
玩世不恭、自暴自弃油然而生
即使年方二十，实已垂垂老矣；
然则只要树起天线，捕捉乐观信号，
你就有望在八十高龄告别尘寰时仍觉年轻。
When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism
and the ice of pessimism,
then you are grown old, even at 20,
but as long as your aerials are up,
to catch waves of optimism,
there is hope you may die young at 80.
—— 塞缪尔·厄尔曼 Samuel Ullman
图片来自网络，作品图均来自杜若云章画廊；文字by Chloe Poon。
Upcoming
____________________________________
花花世界-草间弥生精选版画作品专场
This Merry World-Yayoi Kusama‘s Prints Collection Exhibition
2018.04.18-2018.05.27
*点击图片即可了解更多关于本次展览的内容*
*Click the picture above to see more infomation about this exhibition*
杜若云章 | About Us
______________________________
上海灏象文化传播有限公司2014年创立于上海，旗下杜若云章艺术空间坐落于“穿行老洋房，睡闻梧桐香”的历史建筑区。通过与纽约老牌画廊沃尔特·维克瑟 (Walter Wickiser Gallery, since 1992) 的联袂合作，秉承着艺术就是生活的理念，我们致力于打造一个国际交流平台，提供专业的艺术合作咨询与策划。
“Strolling among the old villas and resting in the scent of plane trees”. Je Fine Art Space is located in the French Concession right in the heart of Shanghai.
As part of Shanghai Haoxiang Culture Communication Co. Ltd. Je Fine Art Space opened in 2014 in cooperation with the Walter Wickiser Gallery (NY, since 1992).
Embracing the belief that “life is art”, we devote ourselves to establishing a platform for cross-cultural discourse and providing professional art advice and plans.<|endoftext|>在航天领域，韩国成为一颗冉冉升起的新星，过去两年成功研制了自己的火箭“世界”号，2021到2022年两次发射中一胜一败，24日即将第三次发射，而且这次会带上真正的卫星载荷。
“世界”号运载火箭计划于5月24日进行第三次发射，箭体23日以平放姿态转运至发射区，并起竖为垂直状态。
与之前的两次发射采用了卫星模型不同，这次的发射是真刀真枪，将首次发射实际的卫星，因此更考验韩国火箭的实力。
本次发射的卫星共有8颗，其中主角是新一代小型卫星二号，将被送入550千米高度的太阳同步轨道，另外还有韩国天文研究院的4颗纳米级卫星，Justek、Lumir、Kairospace三家民间企业的各一颗卫星。
韩国“世界号”火箭工程耗时约12年、总投资近2万亿韩元(约合人民币104亿元)。
全箭长约46.5米，一级采用4台75吨级液氧煤油发动机，二级采用一台75吨级发动机，三级采用一台7吨级发动机。
“世界号”于2021年10月21日首飞，2成功完成级间分离，并飞到700千米高空，但因三子级发动机燃烧时间过短，未能达成将1.5吨重的卫星模型送上预定轨道的最终目标。
2022年6月21日的第二次发射则成功送“星”入轨，验证了“世界”号最多可将1.9吨的卫星送入近地轨道的能力。<|endoftext|>Between the Sierra
|
10 | 3 | 1 |
ato al quotidiano locale la situazione insostenibile:
“Devo rimanere al freddo e congelarmi e mangiare meno cibo. Per mio marito, che si è appena operato, la cosa peggiore è il freddo: quando ci svegliamo nell’appartamento ci sono meno di 18 gradi. Ma non possiamo permetterci di avere nient’altro che il termosifone in bagno… Faccio la doccia ogni quattro giorni. E ho ancora bollette elettriche da 4.000 corone svedesi [380 euro]”.
Questo è solo l’inizio. In questa situazione, la classe operaia non ha altra scelta che reagire. Per decenni la dirigenza del movimento operaio ha fatto tutto ciò che era in suo potere per contenere la lotta di classe, e infatti nell’ultimo decennio ci sono stati pochi scioperi, ma di conseguenza ha anche perso sempre più l’autorità che aveva un tempo. Tale autorità è stata costruita nel dopoguerra, quando il capitalismo era effettivamente in grado di fare concessioni alla classe operaia. Negli ultimi decenni, la leadership della Confederazione sindacale svedese (LO) ha invece aiutato i capitalisti a moderare gli aumenti salariali, mentre i socialdemocratici hanno attuato l’austerità. Finora la perdita di fiducia nei vertici del movimento operaio si è principalmente espressa in modo distorto attraverso il maggiore sostegno ai DS.
Ma è solo questione di tempo prima che il malcontento trabocchi e la direzione diventi incapace di contenere la lotta di classe. Il capo economista della LO sta già parlando di quanto sarà difficile moderare le richieste salariali nella contrattazione collettiva a causa delle pressioni dal basso. Soprattutto se non ci sarà più un governo guidato dai socialdemocratici ma uno di destra con i DS come partito di maggioranza, un governo che andrà frontalmente contro la classe operaia, con più tagli, privatizzazioni e attacchi contro i lavoratori, unito alla vandea razzista.
La propaganda sciovinista ha già portato a una reazione significativa, che abbiamo visto durante le manifestazioni del Black Lives Matter nell’estate del 2020 e in modo confuso sia con le rivolte che ci sono state la scorsa primavera durante il tour di Rasmus Paludan che con le precedenti rivolte dei quartieri popolari. Questo è solo un assaggio di ciò che verrà. Il razzismo è il metodo preferito dalla borghesia e dai suoi politici per distogliere l’attenzione dai problemi del capitalismo. Una situazione in cui i DS tengono le redini del governo – che ne siano dentro o fuori – provocherà una risposta diversa da qualsiasi altra cosa che abbiamo mai visto prima. La rabbia ribolle sotto la superficie tra i lavoratori dei quartieri poveri.
Neppure la propaganda razzista riuscirà a distogliere a lungo l’attenzione dai problemi reali. Il razzismo non può pagare le bollette dell’elettricità, ottenere come per magia affitti bassi o aumentare le pensioni. Prima o poi, gli interessi di classe si affermano.
Il leader del partito dei Moderati, Ulf Kristersson è senza dubbio ottimista sulle sue possibilità di aumentare il proprio prestigio personale come leader del governo svedese più di destra dei tempi moderni. Ma il suo sorriso compiaciuto caratteristico potrebbe presto essere sostituito da un terribile mal di testa. Con l’aggravarsi della crisi, il compito di governare con il sostegno sia dei Democratici svedesi che dei liberali potrebbe rivelarsi un’equazione impossibile. Nuove crisi di governo sono all’ordine del giorno.
Se gli ultimi anni sono stati caratterizzati da una maggiore turbolenza, non sarà nulla in confronto ai prossimi anni. La “Svezia calma e stabile” si trasformerà nel suo opposto.
La base di ciò è l’impasse del sistema capitalista. Nessuno dei problemi principali che vediamo oggi ha soluzioni all’interno del capitalismo. La crisi climatica, la crisi del welfare e l’aumento della povertà richiedono l’abolizione del capitalismo. C’è solo una via d’uscita che non sia a spese della classe operaia, ed è una rivoluzione socialista. Il capitalismo continuerà a passare da una crisi all’altra e in ogni nuova fase saranno i lavoratori e i poveri di tutto il mondo a pagarne il prezzo. La scelta che dobbiamo affrontare è tra socialismo e barbarie.
Nel periodo di lotta di classe che abbiamo di fronte, è necessaria una vera alternativa rivoluzionaria che possa mostrare la via d’uscita dall’oscurità del capitalismo. Questo è ciò che stiamo facendo con Revolution e la TMI. Non c’è tempo da perdere. Unisciti a noi in questa lotta.
14 Settembre 2022<|endoftext|>Arjantin'in yeni seçilen Devlet Başkanı Javier Milei, merkez bankasının kapatılması vaadinin "müzakere edilemez bir konu" olduğunu söyledi.
Arjantin'in yeni seçilen Devlet Başkanı Javier Milei, ülkenin merkez bankası Banco Central de la Republica Argentina'yı (BCRA) kapatma taahhüdünü yineledi.
Milei'nin ofisi X'te paylaştığı mesajda "Yayılan yanlış söylentilere ilişkin olarak, BCRA'nın kapatılmasının müzakere edilebilir bir konu olmadığını açıklığa kavuşturmak isteriz" dedi.
Seçim kampanyası boyunca BCRA'yı sert bir şekilde eleştiren Milei, merkez bankalarını bir "aldatmaca" ve politikacıların halka "enflasyon vergisi" dayatmasının bir aracı olarak nitelendirdi.
Aşırı sağcı popülist siyasetçi, ayrıca Arjantin pesosunu ABD doları ile değiştirme, devlet kurumlarının özelleştirilmesini içeren daha radikal reform planlarını duyurdu.
Bitcoin en yüksek seviyelere çıktı
Milei, Bitcoin'in "paranın asıl yaratıcısı olan özel sektöre dönüşünü" temsil ettiğini savundu.
Yatırımcılar, Milei'nin bu hafta kazandığı başkanlık zaferinin ardından, onun merkez bankası karşıtı ve kripto yanlısı söylemlerini memnuniyetle karşıladı. Bunun üzerine Arjantin'deki Bitcoin fiyatları tüm zamanların en yüksek seviyelerine fırladı.
Son yıllardaki yüksek enflasyon ülkede hükümet ve ekonomi üzerinde büyük bir baskı oluşturuyor. Arjantin'in yıllık enflasyon oranı Eylül 2023'te yüzde 124,4'e ulaştı.
Milei, 10 Aralık 2023 tarihinde Arjantin'in bir sonraki devlet başkanı olarak resmen göreve başlayacak.<|endoftext|>middle temporal vein n.
A vein that arises near the lateral angle of the eye and joins the superficial temporal veins to form the retromandibular vein.
- Middle thyroid vein
middle thyroid vein n. Any of the veins that pass from the thyroid gland across the common carotid artery to empty into the internal jugular vein.
[mid-l-tuh n] /ˈmɪd l tən/ noun 1. Thomas, c1570–1627, English dramatist. 2. a town in S Wisconsin. /ˈmɪdəltən/ noun 1. a town in NW England, in Rochdale Unitary Authority, Greater Manchester. Pop: 45 314 (2001) /ˈmɪdəltən/ noun 1. Kate, real name Catherine Elizabeth. born 1982, married Prince William in 2011; created Duchess of Cambridge 2. […]
[mid-l-tohn] /ˈmɪd lˌtoʊn/ noun 1. (def 1).
[mid-l-toun] /ˈmɪd lˌtaʊn/ noun 1. a township in E New Jersey. 2. a city in SW Ohio, on the Miami River. 3. a city in central Connecticut, on the Connecticut River. 4. a city in SE New York. 5. a town in SE Rhode Island. 6. a town in E Pennsylvania. [mid-l-toun] /ˈmɪd lˌtaʊn/ noun, […]<|endoftext|>保定霍克叉车设备有限公司
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特征：
易用的3位控制手柄–升高，降低，空档。
堆高机通过手动或踏板液压装置举起重物，并在较低位置手动拉动并推入重物。
手动堆栈器速度是通过踏板和手柄控制的。
唐县手动堆垛车提供双色调安全配色方案，并带有耐用的粉末涂料。
有效铸泵插孔具有一年制造商的有限保修。
重型铁制鞍形轮在上/下运动时具有很高的耐用性。
释放后手柄将自动返回垂直状态。
结构由重型钢制成。
手动堆高机可根据客户要求升高至离地面3000mm的距离。
它减少了因人员伤亡而浪费的时间，并有助于提高设施的生产率。
我们提供500、1000、1500和2000公斤的处理能力。
易于所有操作员使用。常规手柄可减轻负荷。
极小的转弯半径使其可以在更狭窄的空间中使用。
它采用C形框架，具有更稳定，更安全的提升力，并具有额外的强度。
我们根据客户要求提供固定叉和活动叉。
安国手动堆垛车保养方法
1.动力转向软管和橡胶零件
软管或橡胶零件的退化可能会导致操作失败或增加必要的转向力。
2.主缸橡胶
橡胶零件和盖的磨损可能会由于制动液泄漏和内部泄漏而导致制动效果下降。
3.油箱软管
软管退化引起的制动液泄漏可能导致制动效果不佳，在坏的情况下可能导致制动失效。
4.链条
保定手动堆垛车在使用过程中，链条可以拉长。如果使用的链条超过其伸长极限，则可能因链条断裂而导致严重的人身伤害或财产损失。
5.轮缸橡胶零件
由于制动液的泄漏和内部泄漏，杯的磨损可能会导致制动效果下降。
6.液压软管
由于降级而损坏的软管可能会引起事故，并可能因掉落或溅出油而损坏负载，
7.摇摆锁芯（SAS）
由于内部磨损和退化导致的锁定机构故障可能会导致SAS无法运行。
8.制动液
制动液的降解可能导致无效的制动。
9.车轮轴承润滑脂
油脂的降解可能会导致滑动性能变差，并可能由于轴承损坏而导致严重的人身伤害或财产损失。
10.差速器和驱动单元油，
润滑故障会导致润滑性能下降，机油可能会导致轴承和齿轮的过早磨损。
11.液压油/机油滤清器
由于过滤器堵塞而引起的脏油循环可能会导致液压系统故障或故障。
12.货叉
货叉的磨损可能会导致货叉断裂，严重伤害或财产损失。<|endoftext|>چه چیزی به psis متصل می شود؟امتیاز: 4.5/5 ( 25 رای )
به عنوان خلفی ترین برجستگی تاج ایلیاک، برای اتصال رباط ساکروایلیاک خلفی طولانی ، که با رباط ساکروتوبروس، و همچنین عضلات مولتی فیدوس و گلوتئوس ماکسیموس ترکیب می شود، عمل می کند.
چه چیزی به ستون فقرات ایلیاک تحتانی خلفی متصل می شود؟
ستون فقرات ایلیاک تحتانی خلفی (Spina iliaca posterior inferior) یک خمیدگی است که در پایین تر از ستون فقرات ایلیاک فوقانی خلفی یافت می شود. دو خار با یک بریدگی کوچک از هم جدا شده اند. رباطی که ایلیوم را به ساکروم متصل می کند در اینجا متصل می شود.
چه درجاتی در ستون فقرات ایلیاک فوقانی خلفی وجود دارد؟
ستون فقرات ایلیاک فوقانی خلفی برای اتصال بخش مایل رباط های ساکروایلیاک خلفی و مولتی فیدوس عمل می کند.
چه رباطی به AIIS متصل می شود؟
ستون فقرات ایلیاک قدامی تحتانی (AIIS) برجستگی استخوانی در مرز قدامی ایلیوم است که مرز فوقانی استابولوم را تشکیل می دهد. ضمائم شامل Iliacus، منشاء سر مستقیم رکتوس فموریس، و همچنین رباط ایلئوفمورال پروگزیمال (رباط Y یا رباط بیگلو) است.
چه ماهیچه هایی به تاج ایلیاک خلفی متصل می شوند؟
بسیاری از عضلات مهم شکمی و مرکزی به تاج ایلیاک متصل هستند، از جمله خم کننده های ران ، عضلات مایل شکمی داخلی و خارجی، عضلات ارکتور اسپاینا، لتیسیموس دورسی، عرضی شکم و تانسور فاشیا لاتا.
SHIN TAE YONG MEMANGGIL PSIS 🤩 AKSI KOCAK BRUNO 🤣 KOMUNIKASI KELEMAHAN PSIS 🧐 BRUNO MATOS KE PSIS ❓
درد تاج ایلیاک را چگونه درمان می کنید؟
- باقی مانده. ممکن است استراحت پس از یک فعالیت شدید که به استخوان کمر یا لگن شما فشار وارد می کند مفید باشد.
- آیسینگ. ...
- بالا بردن و فشرده سازی. ...
- داروی ضد التهاب. ...
- فیزیوتراپی ...
- پمادها و کرم های موضعی. ...
- تمرینات و حرکات کششی روتین.
آیا کرست ایلیاک می تواند باعث درد شود؟
شایع ترین نوع درد تاج ایلیاک با کمردرد مزمن همراه است. همچنین ممکن است در اطراف تاج ایلیاک حساسیت داشته باشید که می تواند شبیه درد لگن یا لگن باشد. درد تاج ایلیاک می تواند با حرکت افزایش یابد.
کدام عضلات در AIIS منشا می گیرند؟
آپوفیز ستون فقرات ایلیاک قدامی تحتانی (AIIS) یک برجستگی استخوانی است که سر مستقیم عضله راست ران و ماهیچه های ilio-capsularis از آن منشا گرفته و در قسمت فوقانی و قدامی- میانی تا جانبی ترین نقطه لبه استابولوم قرار دارد.
چه ماهیچه ای به ASIS متصل می شود؟
ASIS اتصال سارتوریوس است، عضله ران که در خم کردن لگن و زانو مهم است.
چه ماهیچه هایی ASIS را متصل می کنند؟
ستون فقرات ایلیاک فوقانی قدامی به انتهای قدامی تاج ایلیاک لگن اشاره دارد. این یک نقطه عطف سطح کلیدی است و به راحتی قابل لمس است. این اتصال برای رباط مغبنی، عضله سارتوریوس و عضله تانسور فاشیا لاتا را فراهم می کند.
چرا ستون فقرات ایلیاک فوقانی خلفی مهم است؟
در میان نشانه های لگنی که به طور معمول توسط درمانگرهای دستی لمس می شود، خارهای ایلیاک فوقانی خلفی (PSISs) اهمیت ویژه ای دارند. علاوه بر این که به عنوان نقطه عطفی برای شناسایی پیچ خوردگی احتمالی لگن عمل می کند، تماس با PSIS ها جدایی ناپذیر بسیاری از روش های لمسی استاتیک و پویا لگن است.
آیا می توانید ستون فقرات ایلیاک فوقانی خلفی را احساس کنید؟
نقطه عطف دیگری که با این وضعیت باید از آن آگاه باشید، ستون فقرات ایلیاک فوقانی خلفی (PSIS) است. به منظور لمس این موضوع، باید پشت ساکن خود بنشینید. به تنهایی میتوانید پشت لگن خود را در جایی که آن فرورفتگیها قرار دارند، احساس کنید ، و این PSIS شما خواهد بود.
عملکرد ستون فقرات ایلیاک تحتانی خلفی چیست؟
هر دو خارهای ایلیاک فوقانی و خلفی تحتانی به عنوان نقاط اتصال ماهیچه ها و رباط های بسیار قوی که از مفصل ساکروایلیاک حمایت می کنند عمل می کنند. فرورفتگی کم عمق واقع در سطح قدامی میانی (داخلی) ایلیوم فوقانی، حفره ایلیاک نامیده می شود.
فضای بین دو استخوان شرمگاهی چیست؟
سمفیز شرمگاهی بین رام فوقانی چپ و راست استخوان های شرمگاهی قرار دارد و به آن می پیوندد.
چه ماهیچه ای به بالای لگن می چسبد؟
گلوتئوس ماکسیموس از تاج ایلیاک خلفی، ساکروم خلفی جانبی و دنبالچه به توبروزیته گلوتئال و ITB متصل می شود. گلوتئوس ماکسیموس امتداد می یابد، به صورت جانبی می چرخد، (الیاف فوقانی) را می رباید و (فیبرهای تحتانی) ران را در مفصل ران جمع می کند.
آسیس آپوفیزیت چیست؟
آپوفیزیت ASIS عضله sartorius از ASIS شروع می شود و لگن را به سمت بالا خم می کند (فلکس). هنگامی که این عضله به طور مکرر کشیده می شود، ممکن است آپوفیزیت ASIS ایجاد شود. تجربه شکستگی ناشی از بیرون کشیدن در این محل بیشتر است.
Asis مخفف چیست؟
این سازمان که در سال 1955 به عنوان انجمن امنیت صنعتی آمریکا (ASIS) تأسیس شد، نام خود را به طور رسمی در سال 2002 به ASIS International تغییر داد.
چه
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过滤, 工作方式开始介入 OSI 模型中的第四层: 传输层. 对仅使用 HTTPS 加密的流量实行完全的解密, 过滤和重写.
桌面客户端与之配套的有一个用于控制客户端的浏览器扩展, 名叫 "AdGuard 浏览器助手", 可以在浏览器里控制外部客户端对指定站点的过滤, 还能充当元素选择器生成规则即时拦截广告元素.
AdGuard 客户端目前仅在 Windows, Mac 和 Android 操作系统适配并发行. 它们都是基于的闭源库 AdGuard CoreLibs 开发的闭源产品.
要注意的是, 目前 AdGuard 的 iOS 客户端只是用于应对移动端 Safari 内容拦截的应用, 它作用类似于 Safari 浏览器扩展, 定位接近于 Android 平台的「内容拦截器」, 它也不开源, 也不是基于 CoreLibs 开发的产品. 因此现在 AdGuard 唯一支持全功能过滤的移动端应用只有 Android 平台.
- AdGuard Core C/C++ libraries 的 Issues 仓库: AdguardTeam/CoreLibs: Core Adguard libraries - GitHub
客户端在多平台都有实现和发行, 它的过滤能力也完全取决于规则. 虽然客户端中有许多功能都是能以开关或选择的形式让用户轻松就能使用, 比如 DNS 代理, 隐形模式和浏览安全等模块, 但这些功能实际上都与内容拦截没有关系, 它们并不能帮助用户拦截更多的广告, 更多的只能算是一种加强上网安全和隐私的附加功能.
为了让不精通技术的用户也能轻松使用客户端, 在 DNS 过滤器和内容过滤器的都添加了可供用户直接选择并使用的过滤规则订阅, 并且客户端安装完毕实际上就默认启用了数个 AdGuard 直接负责维护的过滤器订阅. 这种配置能够应对绝大多数的内容过滤的需求.
以规则为核心实现过滤的客户端中, 有两种类似但并不完全相同的 AdGuard 规则:
- DNS 过滤规则
- 内容过滤规则
前者仅作用于 DNS, 在 DNS 层面的域名解析过滤拦截和重写. 后者作用于 HTTP 和 HTTPS, 对应用的请求和内容进行过滤拦截和重写, 它们使用相似的规则语法, 主要区别在于修饰符, DNS 过滤规则语法中拥有与其能力符合的独有修饰符, 比如
$dnstype 和
$dnsrewrite, 详见 DNS 过滤规则文档:
又由于 DNS 规则语法几乎与内容拦截规则相同(除了部分修饰符), 所以基本上来说 DNS 过滤规则也能直接当作内容过滤规则使用. 在实际使用的时候, 如果能够在 DNS 请求时就能将内容进行拦截, 那么就应该优先使用 DNS 过滤.
本节开头说过, AdGuard 客户端实际上是一个防火墙. 但目前在 Windows 上只会选择性过滤在其设置中加入过滤名单中的应用程序, 客户端会默认添加部分常见的需要过滤的引用程序, 比如各种浏览器(Edge, Chrome/类 Chromium, IE), Steam, Potplayer 等等. 如果需要过滤不在其中的应用程序, 那么就需要手动添加到名单中, .
在 Android 平台上略有不同, AdGuard 的 Android 客户端是一个更全面的防火墙, 不仅支持网络访问控制, 还会默认对所有应用程序进行过滤, 包括新安装的甚至系统应用, 而 MacOS 上的 AdGuard 过滤行为介于 Windows 和 Android 之间, 这是由于不同操作系统使用的不同过滤技术导致的:
- Windows: WFP, TDI, HTTP 代理.
- Android: VPNService, HTTP 代理.
- MacOS: Network Extension, Kernel Extension, HTTP 代理.
基本上来说, AdGuard 所有已实现并发行的客户端中, Android 和 MacOS 都在使用 VPN 或类 VPN 的方式过滤网络流量, 这在配置完成 HTTPS 过滤的情况下能够提供最全面的过滤特性和效果. 但 Windows 是一个例外, 如果没有在名单之中的程序就不会被过滤, 即使现在使用的 WFP 技术完全能够直接做到防火墙一样的控制, 但不知道为什么没有做. 不过在 Windows 客户端的 GitHub Issue 队列中, 过滤全局的流量已经被提上 v8.0 版本的日程, 而且优先级非常高(P2):
面对深入到传输层的内容拦截, 难道就是广告拦截的万能钥匙了吗? 并不, 如果了解了 AdGuard 实现过滤的方式就能「反击」:
- SSL 证书验证: HTTPS 过滤依赖 SSL 证书, 应用可以实行证书验证, 比如常见的 HPKP(HTTP公钥固定) 和证书透明度(CT)检查.
- 重新编码或使用加密协议: AdGuard 虽然能够解密 HTTPS, 但目前无法对解密后的响应或请求再次解码, 只需要对重要的响应内容进行二次编码, 即使是 base64 都能够使用于处理数据的过滤器规则失去作用. 或者进一步直接使用加密协议, 在端对端加密盛行的今天, 这也是很常见的做法.
- 提前代理流量: 应用能够直接内置 VPN 或其他技术的流量代理, 在流量到达拦截器之前进行伪装或加密. 当然任何应用也能做到要求用户通过 VPN 才能访问对应的网络资源.
专用内容拦截器主要是指通过其他软件提供的 API 而非通过系统网络流量进行针对性内容拦截的拦截器, 虽然 AdGuard 自己只把 Android 上还存在于 Google Play 上的那款 AdGuard 叫做 "内容拦截器"(目前仅适用于三星浏览器和 Yandex 浏览器). 实际上 iOS 平台的 AdGuard 客户端也是这类专用内容拦截器, 因为它只能用于 Safari 浏览器内的内容拦截, 通过规则修饰符的兼容性来看, Android 专用内容拦截器是所有 AdGuard 内容拦截器中效果最差的, 其次就是 iOS 客户端和 Safari 浏览器扩展(两者一模一样).
在 Google 的 Manifest v3 执行后, 浏览器扩展类的内容拦截器按照运行方式或许应该也要被归类为专用内容拦截器. 不过在浏览器内这种特定环境下, MV3 的浏览器扩展拦截器对过滤规则修饰符的兼容性依旧比现有的专用内容拦截器好得多.
AdGuard DNS 是由 AdGuard 托管的私人 DNS 服务, 同类产品有 NextDNS, RethinkDNS, NovaXNS. 提供 DoT, DoH, DoQ 加密 DNS 服务, 可设置自定义的 DNS 过滤规则. 计费方式是订阅制, 也提供免费使用的基本层.
- AdGuard C++ DNS libraries 源代码: AdguardTeam/DnsLibs: DNS filtering library that's used in AdGuard products - GitHub
- DNS Proxy 源代码: AdguardTeam/dnsproxy: Simple DNS proxy with DoH, DoT, DoQ and DNSCrypt support - GitHub
- AdGuard Home 源代码: AdguardTeam/AdGuardHome: Network-wide ads & trackers blocking DNS server - GitHub
AdGuard Home 是 AdGuard DNS 依赖软件的简化版, 它们都基于相同的开源库, 但在其基础上构建的产品一个是闭源的专有软件, 一个是使用 GPL 3.0 开源许可发行的自由软件. Home 是供自托管使用的 DNS 中继服务器软件, 对个人和家庭局域网环境还提供了 DHCP 服务器的功能, Home 支持几乎所有的传统和现代安全 DNS(除了 DNSCrypt): 明文, DoT, DoH, DoQ; 支持 DNSSEC, RDNS 和 ECS 扩展. 同样 Home 也支持自定义 DNS 过滤规则, 甚至能够订阅 DNS 过滤规则列表(闭源产品 AdGuard DNS 仅支持订阅通过验证的列表). 虽然 Home 是 AdGuard DNS 的简化版, 但并不是用来和它竞争的对手, Home 仅提供软件, 而 AdGuard DNS 是一整套的解决方案, Home 经常被拿来比较的对手是 Pi-Hole.
DNS 简单又脆弱, 是网络攻击中经常被针对的互联网基础设施. 它是人类访问互联网的必经之路, 为了让 DNS 正确无误且安静地工作, 延伸出了很多安全 DNS 协议, 发展到现在 DoH(H2/H3) 和 DoQ, 也终于在速度, 安全和易用之间达到了平衡. 由于大部分的广告, 追踪和恶意内容为了在线上传播也要依靠 DNS, 所以基于 DNS 最初原型 "Hosts 文件" 衍生发展出了如今的 DNS 过滤规则, 对通过 DNS 的恶意域名进行错误的 DNS 响应, 这样就能针对性地利用 DNS 的特性实现了粗略的内容拦截功能.
所谓粗略, 因为 DNS 只能对域名进行作用, 如果所有的广告都用自己的独特域名, 那么在 DNS 层面进行内容拦截早该屡试不爽. 但实际情况是越来越多的恶意内容被掺杂在正常的域名中进行请求和响应, 更有的广告直接被写在了请求响应中, 和正常内容混杂在一起. 对于这种情况如果还使用 DNS 进行拦截只会 "杀敌一千自损八百", 破坏整个在线服务体验的完整性.
DNS 设计之初并没有考虑内容拦截, 它只是恰好能做到在应用层进行 "疏" 和 "堵" 的系统而已.
早年的 HTTP 时代, DNS 非常容易被 "污染" 导致流量被劫持传输恶意内容, 并且难以被及时发现. 后来 TLS/SSL 让 HTTP 进化到了 HTTPS, 结合 CA 证书链已经很少让 DNS 污染导致流量劫持难以察觉了. 到了如今 "合法" 的恶意内容盛行的现代互联网, DNS 劫持开始被部分互联网用户反向利用来针对这些恶意在线服务的域名, 也促使诞生了 AdGuard DNS, NextDNS, Quad9 等等一类 "安全 DNS", 这些依旧是内容拦截对抗广告的一个战场, 只是战况不太激烈而已. DNS 也随着 HTTP 进化, 越来越难以被干扰, DNS 查询特征也变得越来越隐秘, 大多数的操作系统甚至应用都开始内置 DNS 客户端进行独立的 DNS 查询.
这可能是相对同类竞争对手来说最没有特色的产品, 市面上的 VPN 已经早就变得泛滥. AdGuard 的 VPN 并没有被宣传为突破审查, 突破封锁, 也没有标榜流媒体专用, 也没有明说可以用于 P2P 传输. 对于这类产品的爱好者来说, AdGuard VPN 几乎不会被考虑, 更多的时候是和 AdGuard 的其他产品捆绑销售, 比如 AdGuard DNS. 当然, 在 AdGuard 品牌和营销的加持下, 也会变成泛泛之辈中值得留意的选择.
AdGuard VPN 自一开始就没有选择主流的协议, 而是使用了自己开发的新协议, 他们也在自己的文章中表示了自己的独特协议具有的优势, 并且表示相比其他协议更难以被探测.
协议如何运行：深入了解独特的 AdGuard VPN 协议 - AdGuard VPN Blog
但是, 在众多加密网络代理协议的实践下证明: 私有协议难以被检测不是因为它完美无瑕, 只不过是因为这种协议普及程度不及针对性检测和封锁的必要性. 笔者并不认为 AdGuard 会加入这场猫鼠游戏之中, 把它当作是自卖自夸的口号足矣.
AdGuard 也在他们客户端系列产品中加入对 VPN 产品的联通, 在移动设备上和桌面设备上 AdGuard 客户端和 AdGuard VPN 相互配合使用也比其他的 VPN 组合更顺畅一些.
这类平庸的 VPN 产品最大的对手应该是 Cloudflare Warp, 以及各类安全产品中提供网络保护用途的 VPN, 比如 Apple One 提供的 VPN, Google One 提供的 VPN; 以及传统反病毒公司 Norton(诺顿), Kaspersky(卡巴斯基)在高级订阅套餐中提供的网络保护功能. 对于软件集成, 交互体验和服务体验, 这些实力干瘪的独立 VPN 服务几乎没有优势(或许独立销售也是种优势).
现在去 Google Play, Amazon Appstore 和 App Store 上下载 AdGuard 是不可能下载到包含全功能的 AdGuard 客户端的.
Amazon Appstore 是 Amazon(亚马逊) 运营的一个 Android 软件商店, 类似于 Google Play.
2014 年开始到 2018 年的 5 年间, 三家主要的移动应用商店先后实行了新政策使得 AdGuard 的全功能客户端被迫下架, 这三位给出的政策理由如出一辙: 干扰或阻止其他第三方应用程序显示广告的应用程序不会被允许上架.
- 2014 年, Google Play 下架: Why is AdGuard not on Google Play? - AdGuard Blog
- 2018 年 5 月, Amazon Appstore 下架: Goodbye, Amazon - AdGuard Blog
- 2018 年 7 月, iOS 版本由于 App Store 政策更新而陷入停滞: AdGuard Pro for iOS in its current form will be discontinued due to Apple's policy - AdGuard Blog
- 2019 年 7 月, App Store 的 Pro 版本功能改动(移除网络层级过滤), 与另外一个与 Safari 专用的 iOS 版本开始趋近: AdGuard Pro for iOS is back to block ads across the system once again! - AdGuard Blog
所以, 很久之前, 至少 2018 年以前, iOS 版本的 AdGuard 都能和如今的 Android, MacOS, Windows 版本的 AdGuard 一样进行系统层面 HTTPS 过滤, 那时的 AdGuard Pro for iOS 对于 AdGuard for iOS 来说的确是具有更高级功能的版本. 但如今的 App Store 上的两个 AdGuard 客户端都只是 Safari 专用的内容拦截器而已.
这三家控制着全球移动应用发行的巨头不仅是软件或硬件巨头, 更是广告巨头, 他们比任何软件开发者都清楚广告到底对自己, 对互联网究竟意味着什么.
互联网不是一个独立于现实世界的虚拟世界, 因此互联网产品也无法完全摆脱来自现实世界的引力, 特别是现实之中来自人的恶意.
起源于俄罗斯的 AdGuard 很早就明白了这一点, 他们在 2009 年成立公司的 5 年后就将总部迁移到了欧洲的塞浦路斯, 一方面为了避免原始身份的猜疑, 另一方面也趋近了来自政策层面对它们主营业务的适宜: GDPR.
除去一些人尽皆知的商业和资本考量, 塞浦路斯本身的地理位置和政治占位也是商业公司总部的好选择之一, 特别是经营全球性产品的公司.
AdGuard 虽然运营的位置变化了, 但运营和开发的人员依旧不少是俄罗斯籍的, 这一点无法轻易改变.
时间来到了 2022 年, 乌俄战争又让这个隐患爆发, 这场战争不仅卷入了士兵和平民, 还包括无数与这两个国家直接或间接关联的其他国家, 无数人被要求表态, 被要求站队, 现实的战争动员了一场互联网的战争, 没有人知道他们的动机和目的.
来自乌克兰的软件公司 MacPaw 运营的 MacOS 软件套装订阅服务 Setapp 在 3 月 10 日突然告知用户, "为了应对俄罗斯对乌克兰的入侵" Setapp 在他们的软件套装中下架了 AdGuard, 意味着订阅 Setapp 的用户无法再获得 AdGuard 的授权, 随后有用户表示需要 AdGuard 尽快解决这个 "俄罗斯问题":
当天 AdGuard 团队就发表了事件回复, 表示在这个时间前订阅了 Setapp 的客户可以凭收据兑换为期一年的 AdGuard 个人许可:
虽然 AdGuard 很早(2 月 25 日)就对乌俄战争的话题发表了看法, 表示希望尽快结束战争, 因为乌克兰有他们的支持团队以及他们的家人和朋友:
而 Setapp 自此之后也就没有了回应, AdGuard 自 2020 年加入 Setapp 订阅一直到该事件, 没人会意想到会闹出这样的问题.
之后过去了 6 个月, 事态依旧如此. 有 Mac 用户发现 Setapp 运营公司 MacPaw 开发的某款 MacOS 文件清理软件(CleanMyMac X)还将 AdGuard for Safari 例为了 "可疑" 软件, 并且明确显示了这是由于 "该软件由俄罗斯人开发或拥有" 导致:
直到现在, Setapp 也没有任何表示, 他们的订阅软件列表中依旧没有 AdGuard.
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. These externalities and the fact that financial innovations are difficult to introduce may justify some initial public action (for example, from the World Bank) to help develop this market instrument. The World Bank could, for instance, make loans whose servicing would be linked to GDP. The loans could then be grouped, securitised and sold to the financial markets.
GDP-linked bonds should be a core element of government financing both for developed and creditworthy developing countries. Both of these could start today. Developed countries are the best equipped to issue GDP-linked bonds immediately, because of the relatively high trust that is placed in their capital markets and in their GDP accounting. Their doing so would have a valuable demonstration effect around the world.
Developing countries stand to gain more from issuing these bonds and they could start issuing GDP-linked bonds now. The issuance of even small quantities of these bonds by creditworthy emerging economies would help set in motion an important process of financial development.
The history of financial innovation is essentially one of learning by doing. Inflation-indexed bonds met initial scepticism, relating to problems such as precise measurement of inflation. In fact, once these bonds started to be issued, inflation statistics improved further. Inflation-indexed bonds are now widely accepted across the world; in the UK, they represent around a quarter of government debt. A similar evolution can be envisaged for GDP-linked bonds.
Introducing GDP-linked bonds would create a market for the economies themselves. The widespread impression that the stock market of a country is a market for the entire economy is mistaken. Stock markets are claims on net corporate profits that can constitute as little as 10 per cent of GDP.
GDP-linked bonds could take a couple of forms. Simplest is a perpetual bond that pays a share, say a trillionth, of GDP, at regular intervals to the bond holders. Creating such a form would be analogous to listing a country on a market as if it were a stock and would yield the most transparent price discovery. Another form that may be easier to introduce is a conventional bond that pays a coupon tied by a formula to growth rates of GDP, but guarantees a minimum level of debt servicing, even if the economy stops growing.
Whichever way they are created, GDP-indexed bonds would have important advantages for different actors. The moment is particularly favourable. Investor appetite for emerging countries’ risk continues to be strong. Investors’ experience with Argentine GDP-warrants, issued as part of their debt restructuring, has been very positive: their price has been rising significantly. The time seems ideal for one or more creditworthy countries to start issuing GDP-linked bonds and for investors to buy them. Any country whose growth slows significantly would be thankful afterwards that they bought the insurance such bonds represent. Recent instability is showing yet again the value of insurance against economic fluctuations.
Stephany Griffith-Jones is professorial fellow at the Institute of Development Studies and adviser to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs; Robert Shiller is professor of economics at Yale University and chief economist at MacroMarkets LLC<|endoftext|>Tesla "Köpek Modu" işlevi, alışverişe çıkmanız durumunda evcil hayvanınız arabanın içindeyken kontrollü bir sıcaklık sağlıyor
Bu günlerde, Facebook'ta bir Tesla aracının içinde bir köpek yavrusu görünürken, sahibini sessizce beklerken üç fotoğraf dolaştı. Otomobilin içinde "Sahibim yakında dönecek" mesajını gösteren bir ekran beliriyor, ayrıca arabanın bekleme süresini ve ideal sıcaklığı ayarladığı görülüyor.
Bekleme sırasında sıcaklıktaki artış nedeniyle köpek yavrusu rahatsız olabilir ve havasız kalabilir, çünkü geleneksel arabaların aksine koşullar değişir ve genellikle araç içinde kalmasını etkiler.
Bununla birlikte, sahipler, beklerken güvende kalan evcil hayvanlarını etkilemeden alışverişe gidebilirler.
Birçok Facebook kullanıcısı, Elon Musk gibi 4 ayaklı arkadaşlarına çok değer verdikleri bu etkili işlev nedeniyle hayallerinin arabası olduğu yorumunu yaptı.
Okurların takdir ettiği yorumlar arasında: "Evcil hayvanımın bir Tesla'ya ihtiyacı var" veya "Bir tane satın almak için bu mod bile oldukça yeterli sebep" dedi.
Tesla'nın "Köpek Modu" nedir?
Köpek modu, sahipleri evcil hayvanlarını Tesla'larında bıraktıklarında otomobilin klimasını veya ısıtıcısını açık bırakan bir iklim kontrol özelliğidir. Klima kontrol ayarlarından erişilir. 15 inçlik ekranın altındaki fan simgesini seçmeniz ve "İklimi Açık Tut" ayarlarının altında en sağdaki "Köpek" i seçmeniz yeterlidir. Ardından Model 3'ünüzden çıktığınızda, "Sahibim yakında dönecek. Merak etmeyin! Isıtıcı [veya A / C] açık ve XX derece açık" yazan bir mesaj görüntülenir. Araçtan uzak kaldığınız sürece sıcaklık ayarladığınız yerde kalır ki bu da dev bir akü paketine sahip olmanın faydalarından biridir.
Tesla'nın "Köpek Modu" nasıl çalışır?
Daha önce de belirtildiği gibi, bu işlev, sıcaklığın evcil hayvanların refahı ve konforu için uygun bir seviyede tutulmasına izin verir.
Yaz aylarında veya çok sıcak zamanlarda, araç içinde ulaşılabilen aşırı sıcaktan ölüm riski yüksek olduğu için hayvanları arabanın içinde kilitli bırakmanın iyi olmadığı bilinmektedir. Yüksek sıcaklıkların olduğu zamanlarda, araç hareketsizken güneşe maruz kaldığında 35 dereceye kadar çıkabilir - bazı yerlerde 55 dereceye ulaşabilir - bu da hayvanlar için ölümcüldür.
Yukarıdakilerden kaçınmak için Tesla mühendisleri işlevi yarattı ve araç kapatıldığında bile istenen sıcaklık ayarlanabiliyor. Bu nedenle, araç bu sistemi kullanırken sürücüye pil tüketimi için bir uyarı gönderebilir, %20 daha az şarj olduğunda bir uyarı gönderebilir.
Aynı şekilde aracın yanından geçen ve hayvanın durumu ile ilgili endişeleri olabilecek yayaları uyarmak için, araç ekranında görüntülenen “Ustam yakında gelecek” tabelasını gözlemleyerek kendilerini rahatlatabilirler. Endişelenmeyin, iklim kontrolü - ayarlı derecelerde- “açık.
Sahibi uzun süre gitmişse ve Model 3'ün pili yüzde 20'nin altına düşerse, evcil hayvanlarına geri dönmeleri için sahibinin telefonuna bir uyarıcı bildirimi gider.<|endoftext|>20 senedir tüm Windows'larda yer alan bu klasik oyunlar, Windows 8'de yok mu sandınız?
Günün Windows 8 uygulaması: 20 yıldan uzun süredir tüm Windows'ların vazgeçilmez kart oyunu Solitaire ve fazlası, Microsoft'un Solitaire Collection koleksiyonunda bir araya geliyor.
Klondike, FreeCell, Spider, TriPeaks ve Pyramid olmak üzere 5 farklı kart oyununu içinde barındıran Microsoft Solitaire Collection, Xbox hesabınıza bağlanıp başarılarınızı arkadaşlarınızla yarıştırma, dokunmatik ekran / fare desteği, temalar ve fazlasıyla geliyor.<|endoftext|>头孢菌素由于其明确的临床功效，广泛的抗菌谱，相对较少的副作用以及与其他抗菌药物的良好相容性而在临床上得到了广泛使用。
但是，头孢菌素类抗生素有时会引起过敏反应，过敏性休克甚至死亡纠纷。
争议的焦点是：头孢菌素抗生素是否应该使用皮肤测试？
翟索迪老师的课程照片
编辑很幸运在北京紫禁城国际药师论坛上听到北大第三医院翟锁迪的报告“临床药师在抗感染治疗中的作用”。我非常同意翟药师的观点-头孢菌素有关说明，不需要皮肤测试。
1相关指南中国药典委员会颁布的《临床使用说明》和卫生部，国家中医药管理局，卫生部共同发布的《抗菌药物临床使用指导原则》。总后勤部规定使用青霉素必须事先进行皮肤测试，并且不允许有过敏反应的人使用，也没有对头孢菌素进行皮肤测试。还建议对青霉素过敏的患者应根据病情使用头孢菌素。
原则上，对青霉素过敏的患者仍然可以使用头孢菌素，并且目前尚无针对头孢菌素的皮肤测试。
2即使皮肤过敏测试为阴性，也不容易。
翟索迪老师的课程照片
了解皮下药物敏感性测试（皮肤测试）的局限性：
抗菌药物引起的过敏反应主要通过4种过敏反应机制起作用。
皮肤测试只能检测与过敏原密切相关的特异性IgE抗体，这种预测本质上适用于I型超敏反应，对其他三种超敏反应没有预测能力。
除了青霉素外，我们还不确定哪种过敏原会导致大多数其他抗菌药物引起过敏反应，例如头孢菌素和磺胺类药物。
如果皮肤测试结果为阴性，则可能表明测试技术不够灵敏，或者更有可能是因为测试中使用的药物在体外没有药物免疫原性，从而无法确定可能的过敏反应预测药物反应体内。
因此，临床上仅经常使用青霉素皮肤测试，其他抗菌皮肤测试的可靠性（包括假阴性和假阳性率的估计）在临床上尚无定论。
3引起药物过敏的三个主要因素主要与患者个体差异，药物的理化性质和药物质量有关。药物本身不是唯一的排他性因素。
1.对头孢菌素的过敏不仅与β-内酰胺环有关，而且与头孢菌素的侧链有关。
一般来说，头孢菌素的侧链要比青霉素的侧链复杂得多。由于位阻，包裹时不易暴露β-内酰胺，因此它们对青霉素过敏，而不一定对头孢菌素过敏。由于不同的侧链，不同的头孢菌素不能完全交叉过敏。
2.过敏反应的发生与患者自身的过敏反应密切相关。
这是一种特定的反应，每个人体对同一种药物的反应都不同，并且与人体的敏化状态，病理状况以及联合用药有关。
3.它与生产过程中混合的污染物蛋白及其聚合物的数量有关。
因此，不同品种，规格和不同生产商的头孢菌素的致敏性不可能完全相同。
4β-内酰胺类药物过敏，怎么治疗？翟锁迪老师也解释了这个问题：摘录如下：
翟索迪老师的课程照片
结论：从患者药物的安全性和有效性的角度来看，进行皮肤测试完全取决于药物的插入。
药物说明书不需要皮肤检查，医院对皮肤检查的要求不会减少医生的责任。
与其坚持进行不科学的皮肤测试以获得完全不确定的预测结果，不如随时为过敏做好准备！
以前的选择
头孢菌素由于其明确的临床功效，广泛的抗菌谱，相对较少的副作用以及与其他抗菌药物的良好相容性而在临床上得到了广泛使用。<|endoftext|>At the end of 2004 they reached their objective and set their division in motion: Cassini, constructed by the NASA, heavier (6 tons), will orbit around the planet until it stops operating in 2008; small Huygens (just 350 kilos), a product of the European space agency (ESA), started its trip to Titan last Christmas and will reach its surface the 14th of January, providing data Cassini will send to Earth.
The main aim of this project, one of the most ambitious in the last 20 years, is checking if there are favourable conditions for life in Saturn and Titan. One of the factors they intend to study is electric activity in the atmosphere of the satellite as, according to one of the main scientific theories on the origin of life on Earth, this process could burst from electric discharges which “broke” the molecules, which where simpler at the beginning, generating more complex structures lead to organic molecules.
That is why checking Titan’s electric activity is so important. HASI (Huygens Atmospheric Structure Instrument), is the main instrument to this end. It is situated in Huygens and it has been developed by European scientists with the collaboration of the Andalusian Institute for Astrophysics to cross the 170 kilometres of Titan’s atmosphere, they will carry out measurements that could not be done otherwise. Scientists presume that there must be electric activity, because on Earth, with a less dense atmosphere, about 2,000 storms cause 50 rays per second.
But the question is how to register storms in an experimental way. Different attempts carried out by Cassini, and even by mission Voyager (1980), have been unsuccessful. “The irrefutable proof of electric activity in the atmosphere of a planet or satellite are Schumann´s frequencies”, argues Juan Antonio Morente, researcher of the group ‘Electrodynamics of Transitory Phenomenon’ of the University of Granada (Universidad de Granada [http://www.ugr.es]), supervised by Alfonso Salinas. These frecuencias are like the fingertip of the atmospheric electric activity, as they remain stored in the large “soundbox” formed by the solid surface and the ionosphere.
Schumann predicted by mathematic calculus which would be the frequencies in which there would be electromagnetic resonances on earth’s atmosphere. However, “there is a gap between predictions and measurements, as the ionosphere is a system with leakages due to its high conductivity”, explains Morente. One of his research lines centres on creating numeric models simulating electromagnetic phenomenon in atmospheres of different planets or satellites. The model is based on a three-dimensional circuit called “electric analogue” which works just like the original system, in this case the electromagnetic cavity of the atmosphere.
They can be analysed through a computer program also developed by these scientists in the UGR [http://www.ugr.es]. This way, they can predict at what frequency electromagnetic resonances will be detected. The model recreating earth’s atmosphere “predicted with high accuracy the displacement of Schumann’s frequencies due to the leakage related to conductivity”, reminds Morente. Through these works, Konrad Schwingenschuch, of the Graz Institute for Space Research (Austria) and scientific coordinator of the instrument HASI in the mission Cassini-Huygens, got in touch with the researchers of Granada to carry out a model of Titan’s atmosphere.
The scientists of the UGR carried out several models from the present data on Titan’s aeronomy which incorporate different scientific hypotheses on unknown aspects of the satellite, such as the features of its surface or the atmosphere’s conductivity. This work, published in the journal of the American Astronomic Society Icarus in 2002, will be useful as a reference to adjust the measuring the probe Huygens will take of Titan’s activity. According to this model, what do they intend to achieve?
“There may be electric activity but it may not come out due to the density, high deepth and conductivity of the atmosphere. Or there may not be any activity, although it is a very dynamic atmosphere even with at such low temperatures (-180ºC). In any case, it is difficult to predict”, comments Juan Antonio Morente. The collaboration of the research group of Granada with the Graz Institute for Space Research continues in the mission Mars-Netlander, a project of the ESA which intends to study Mars´ magnetic field. The launch is predicted in 2007.
First Juno science results supported by University of Leicester's Jupiter 'forecast'
26.05.2017 | University of Leicester
Measured for the first time: Direction of light waves changed by quantum effect
24.05.2017 | Vienna University of Technology
Staphylococcus aureus is a feared pathogen (MRSA, multi-resistant S. aureus) due to frequent resistances against many antibiotics, especially in hospital infections. Researchers at the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut have identified immunological processes that prevent a successful immune response directed against the pathogenic agent. The delivery of bacterial proteins with RNA adjuvant or messenger RNA (mRNA) into immune cells allows the re-direction of the immune response towards an active defense against S. aureus. This could be of significant importance for the development of an effective vaccine. PLOS Pathogens has published these research results online on 25 May 2017.
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a bacterium that colonizes by far more than half of the skin and the mucosa of adults, usually without causing infections....
Physicists from the University of Würzburg are capable of generating identical looking single light particles at the push of a button. Two new studies now demonstrate the potential this method holds.
The quantum computer has fuelled the imagination of scientists for decades: It is based on fundamentally different phenomena than a conventional computer....
An international team of physicists has monitored the scattering behaviour of electrons in a non-conducting material in real-time. Their insights could be beneficial for radiotherapy.
We can refer to electrons in non-conducting materials as ‘sluggish’. Typically, they remain fixed in a location, deep inside an atomic composite. It is hence...
Two-dimensional magnetic structures are regarded as a promising material for new types of data storage, since the magnetic properties of individual molecular building blocks can be investigated and modified. For the first time, researchers have now produced a wafer-thin ferrimagnet, in which molecules with different magnetic centers arrange themselves on a gold surface to form a checkerboard pattern. Scientists at the Swiss Nanoscience Institute at the University of Basel and the Paul Scherrer Institute published their findings in the journal Nature Communications.
Ferrimagnets are composed of two centers which are magnetized at different strengths and point in opposing directions. Two-dimensional, quasi-flat ferrimagnets...
An Australian-Chinese research team has created the world's thinnest hologram, paving the way towards the integration of 3D holography into everyday...
24.05.2017 | Event News
23.05.2017 | Event News
22.05.2017 | Event News
26.05.2017 | Life Sciences
26.05.2017 | Life Sciences
26.05.2017 | Physics and Astronomy<|endoftext|>文章来源：书阁网 发布时间: 2019年12月14日 07:31 阅读:2012 【字号： 小 】
好习惯使
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op Adv 2004;13:156–60.
- Mologne TS, Lundeen JM, Clapper MF, et al. Early screw fi xation versus casting in the treatment of acute Jones fractures. Am J Sports Med 2005;33:970–5.
- Nielsen TRL. Long-term results after fracture of the fi fth metatarsal. Foot Ankle Surg 1998;4:1998.
- Altman DG. Some common problems in medical research. In: Altman DG, ed. Practical Statistics for Medical Research. London: Chapman&Hall 1991:396–439.
- Rosenberg GA, Sferra JJ. Treatment strategies for acute fractures and nonunions of the proximal fi fth metatarsal. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2000;8:332–8.
- Hatch RL, Alsobrook JA, Clugston JR. Diagnosis and management of metatarsal fractures. Am Fam Physician2007;76:817–26.<|endoftext|>最原始的欱望动物篇从录音中可以听见，台下的5000多名水手发出零星的呐喊：他只是想帮助我们。
此次疫情造成的经济冲击，以财政政策应对效果可能更佳，预计未来欧洲、日本可能有财政扩张补位。
橘梨纱第二部种子另一位在服装店工作的女性因店里临时关门，也赶来打算购物， 却空手而返。，。那是个大晴天，病区外阳光照得刺眼。，。3月19日，患者张某某因肺部炎症就诊于青岛市胶州中心医院，收住该院发热门诊隔离病区，3月20日、21日医院两次新冠病毒核酸检测呈阴性，3月29日患者张某某转入呼吸内一科继续单间治疗，、 原标题：马来西亚防控升级：将禁止外国人入境，本国人出境据人民日报消息，3月16日晚，
马来西亚新任总理总理穆希丁发表电视讲话称， 为应对新冠肺炎疫情威胁，马来西亚将从3月18日至31日实施严格的出入境管制措施：禁止本国人出境，同时禁止外国人入境。详情<|endoftext|>By Jenn Samson Contributing Author, a passionate freelance writer, and editor
In case you thought hobbies were simply a way to fill up free time, think again. A study published in the Annals of Behavioral Medicine has found that people who engage in hobbies are 34% less stressed and 18% less depressed. They also enjoy a lower heart rate, better mood, greater relaxation and satisfaction, and a reduction in negative thinking. The researchers noted that the nature of one’s hobby doesn’t matter; whether sports, the arts, or the cinema ignite your passion, make sure to embrace your hobby; it could just help you lead a longer and happier life!
Battling the Stress Monster
Although hobbies in general reduce stress levels, each individual activity weaves its particular brand of magic. Nature activities, for instance, are particularly useful for those with stressful lives, since numerous studies have shown that they lower levels of the stress hormone, cortisol. Carl Jung pointed to the importance that nature has for those living in ‘urban jungles’ which can make them feel isolated and insignificant. When one is walking along a lush forest, swimming in the sea, or contemplating dazzling sealife while on a dive, one is almost instantly whizzed into a mindful state; one in which simply ‘being in the here and now’ is effortless, unlike the case in daily life. Experts like Richard Louv argue that humankind’s ‘divorce from nature’ has resulted in attention deficits, an inability to focus, as well as a greater likelihood of anxiety and depression. In this sense, nature hobbies are so much more than pastimes; they are an intelligent investment that can ensure our happiness and wellbeing.
Hobbies that Boost Cognitive Ability
Many fascinating studies have shown that some hobbies, like music, can reduce chronic pain and depression, but also increase structural connectivity in the brain, helping seniors prevent cognitive decline and boosting their listening skills. Music is just one activity with this ability. Mindfulness activities have a similar effect. In a 2017 study carried out at the University of Waterloo, researchers found that even brief sessions of yoga and mindfulness meditation significantly improve brain function and energy levels. Yet another study found that arts and crafts activities can delay the development of thinking and memory problems that can lead to dementia.
Improving Work Performance
Those who work hard sometimes make the mistake of spending too many hours behind a desk and not enough doing the things they love. A study published in the Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology found that those who take part in creative hobbies, in particular, have positive work-related traits, including creativity on projects and a more enlightened attitude. Of course, sports-related hobbies can also have this effect, since those who work out regularly enjoy benefits to their mood, vitality, and sleep quality.
If one thing is clear about hobbies, it is the importance of picking on you truly love. If you haven’t had a hobby in a while, think back to your childhood. Go with the one that has always felt like enjoyment rather than work; like a special treat at the end of long day at school or work.
Jenn Samson is a freelance writer and editor. She used to work in PR but has been embracing the freelance life for many years now. Outside of work, she enjoys cooking, hiking and traveling to Europe as much as possible.<|endoftext|>Rose hips are the "fruit" of the rose, and are in essence a swollen ovary containing the genetic material of the rose in the form of seeds. Rose hips develop in bunches of varying size on all forms of roses at the site of a spent rose bloom. Harvesting flowers on the stem or deadheading flowers after bloom will prevent rose hips from developing, so discipline about pruning is the key to growing rose hips. Good cultivation practices including generous watering and feeding will also help to develop a large and healthy crop of rose hips.
Water your rose plants deeply one a week to every 10 days depending on your climate and season. Keep the soil around the roots evenly moist at all times but not soaking wet which can cause rot. Never allow the planting soil to dry out, as this can disrupt bloom, which will limit hip development.
Feed your rose plants with a high quality organic rose fertilizer several times during the growing season beginning in early spring after the last frost has passed. Feed again in the early summer and once again in the early fall. Use rose tone, fish emulsion or another commercial rose food. Apply according to label directions and water the fertilizer in well after each application.
Harvest mature and ripe rose hips in the late fall or winter when the hips have swollen to a plump round shape, deepened in color to a rich red, coral or orange and give slightly when pressed with your fingertip. Cut off the bunches of hips for use in flower arrangements, for seed collection, tea or preserves.<|endoftext|>Qaqortoq, also known by its Danish name Julianehåb, is a town in southwestern Greenland. With a population of 3,100, it is South Greenland's biggest town. It is the fourth biggest town in Greenland. The name Qaqortoq is Western Greenlandic, and it means "white". Qaqortoq also is the seat of the Municipality of Qaqortoq which apart from the town itself includes three small settlements. Qaqortoq was founded by Norwegian Anders Olsen in 1775. Near Qaqortoq are the Hvalsey ruins, the most famous Norse ruins in Greenland.
References[change | change source]
"Greenland and the Arctic". By Etain O'Carroll and Mark Elliott. Lonely Planet 2005. ISBN 1-74059-095-3.<|endoftext|>Lower School Arts
Promoting creativity and strengthening academic learning
Teachers encourage students to imagine, invent, and construct using a wide variety of media, including collage, clay, drawing, painting, and woodworking. Class sizes are kept small so that students can receive hands-on assistance when needed. Skills practiced in the visual arts include focusing, planning, and carrying a project through to completion. Works from artists from around the world are introduced as they may relate to a particular assignment or in conjunction with a social studies unit.
Student artwork reflecting the rich visual arts curriculum is displayed throughout the lower school. These can include works such as brightly colored clay animals in the reception area, beautiful monoprints in the stairwells, wooden vehicles outside the language therapy office, and vivid paintings in the cafeteria.
The whole school looks forward to Arts Night every spring, when students share what they have accomplished in their classes with friends and family. Students from lower through middle and upper schools showcase their creativity and hard work with displays of paintings, drawings, and sculptures.
The music program enhances the curriculum by allowing individual creative expression and sharpening the students’ skills for academic learning.
The first instruments students learn to use are their voices, as members of the lower school choruses. These choruses perform together at school events. All lower school students attend music class once a week. The youngest students learn basic music concepts and skills using a variety of percussion instruments.
As students progress, they learn to read music, continue to develop their vocal techniques, and learn to play recorder. Students are introduced to instrument families and musical genres, including classical, jazz, country, pop, rock, and musical theater. They learn a variety of songs, including rounds and call-and-response pieces, from around the world.
The oldest students in the lower school create music together in rock bands — one of our most exciting lower school activities. During the fall, they become acquainted with the guitar, bass, drums, and keyboard. In January, each student chooses one instrument to study as part of a six-member rock band. They have great fun performing in a rock concert at the end of the school year.<|endoftext|>RESISTENZA
La Federazione Italiana Volontari della Libertà, ricordando la stagione della resistenza armata contro la feroce occupazione nazifascista (1943-1945), pagina gloriosa e sofferta della nostra storia nazionale, esprimendo il più sincero ringraziamento alle donne e agli uomini audaci sostenitori dell’italico riscatto di quei giorni conferisce la Medaglia d’Argento della Federazione Italiana Volontari della Libertà a Francesco Pescarzoli, quale semplice ma sentito gesto di gratitudine per chi fu protagonista dell’eroico «secondo Risorgimento», che ha riscattato la dignità di un popolo oppresso e ci ha donato l’Italia Libera e Democratica.
“…Io ricordo il papà come un uomo dolce e sempre disponibile, tanti che lo hanno conosciuto lo descrivono come un uomo giusto e per questo era stimato…”<|endoftext|>ABD silahlı kuvvetlerinin en önemli unsuru Deniz Piyadeleridir. Silahlı bir çatışma durumunda, savaş alanlarına ilk giren ve ana güçler gelinceye kadar bir köprü kurtaracak olan denizciler olmalıdır. Böyle bir strateji, asker taşıma araçlarına özel talepler getirir. Tam teşekküllü bir savaşa hazır gruplamanın oluşturulması mümkün olan en kısa sürede yapılmalı ve bunun için gelişmiş bir araç filosuna ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Geçtiğimiz on yıllar boyunca, birliklerin uzun mesafelerde hızlı bir şekilde transferini sağlamış olması gereken bu tür sistemlerin çeşitli projeleri düzenli olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.
1963 sonbaharında, General Wallace Green Jr., Deniz Kuvvetleri Komutanlığına atandı. Yakında, yeni komutan, oluşumların hareketliliğini arttırmayı planlıyor, gelecek vaat eden füze sistemlerinin kullanılması da dahil olmak üzere, askerlerin taşınmasının birkaç orijinal yolunu düşünmeyi önerdi. General, roket teknolojisinin ILC için büyük ilgi çekebileceğine ve uzun vadede askerleri uzun mesafelerde taşımayı kolaylaştıracağına inanıyordu.
Sanatçı tarafından sunulan bir ICARUS / Ithacus roketinin inişi. Resim Scott Lawther, Douglas Uçak / Orta.com
Bu tür ilk önerilerin ellilerin ortasında ortaya çıktığı belirtilmelidir. Werner von Braun'un öncülüğünde, Jüpiter balistik füzesine dayanan iniş gemisinin kavramsal tasarımı geliştirildi. Roketin birkaç düzine insan için koltuklu özel bir “yolcu” kapsülü ile donatılması önerildi. Bir süre sonra, Redstone roketine dayanan benzer bir sistem önerildi. Bu projelerin her ikisi de iniş yapan taraflara iniş yerini sunmayı teklif etti. Yumuşak bir iniş için, kapsüller paraşüt ve fren roketleriyle donatılmalıydı. Her iki teklif de orduyu ilgilendirmedi, çünkü mevcut teçhizata göre gözle görülür bir avantaja sahip olmadılar ve bazı parametrelerde bu konuda yetersiz kalıyorlardı. Örneğin, her iki füzenin menzili, o zamanın helikopter menzili seviyesindeydi.
1963'ta General Green inisiyatifinde, benzer amaçlarla yeni bir proje başlatıldı. Yakında savunma bakanlığı birkaç özel şirketin projelerini topladı ve umut verici iniş roketi sisteminin gelişimini Douglas Aircraft firmasına sipariş etmeye karar verdi. Çalışanı Philip Bono, kısmen von Braun'un tasarımlarına benzeyen, ancak çok ciddi farklılıklara sahip olan böyle bir kompleksin bir türevini önerdi.
F. Bono'ya göre, mevcut fırlatma araçlarının veya balistik füzelerin gelecek vaat eden CMP teknolojisi için bir üs olarak kullanılması anlam ifade etmiyordu. Kabul edilebilir özelliklere sahip bir tür yeni roket oluşturmak gerekliydi. Özellikle, yeni tipte roket motorlarının yanı sıra başka orijinal fikirlerin kullanılması gerekliydi. Tüm bunlar, menzil ve yük büyüklüğü ile ilgili ana problemleri çözmeyi mümkün kılmıştır. Ek olarak, sistemi derhal Deniz Piyade Birliği gereklilikleri altında yapmak mümkün olmuştur.
İniş sistemi üzerinde çalışmaya başlamadan kısa bir süre önce F. Bono ve arkadaşları Rombus projesine katıldılar. Çeşitli yükleri yörüngeye koymak için kullanılabilecek yeni bir güçlendirici idi. Diğer şeylerin yanı sıra, yeniden kullanılabilir bir insanlı araç taşıma olasılığı göz önünde bulunduruldu. Rombus roketi, bir oksitleyici için büyük bir merkezi tankla ve dış yüzeyde hidrojen için birkaç tankla donatıldı. Buna ek olarak, proje aerispike güç ünitesini kullanmayı teklif etti. Başlıca özelliği, çevrenin etrafına yerleştirilmiş çok sayıda motorun veya bireysel yanma odasının kullanılmasıydı. Birçok motorun itmesinin eklenmesi nedeniyle, en yüksek toplam itmenin sağlanması mümkün olmuştur.
Yakın gelecekte, Rombus sistemi uzay programı için yeni bir fırlatma aracı haline gelip çeşitli yükleri yörüngeye yerleştirebilirdi. Bununla birlikte, 1963'un sonunda, projenin yazarları, gelişmiş sistemin bu kullanımından vazgeçmeye ve Deniz Piyadeleri Komutanlığı'na teklif etmeye karar verdi. Hesaplanan özellikler roketin personelin ve muhtemelen bazı ekipmanların ve silahların taşınması için orijinal bir modülle donatılmasını mümkün kılmıştır. Amacını değiştiren Rombus projesi yeni bir isim aldı: ICARUS (InterContinental Aerospacecraft Range-Sınırsız Sistem - “Sınırsız Eylem Yarıçapı Kıtalararası Havacılık Sistemi”). Daha sonra proje adını tekrar değiştirdi. Üçüncü isim Ithacus'du.
ICARUS projesi Rombus üssünün modifiye edilmiş bir versiyonuydu ve doğrudan Deniz Kuvvetleri'nin personel ve teçhizatı şeklindeki asıl taşıma yüküyle ilgili bir takım yeniliklerle doluydu. Aynı zamanda, projenin ana özellikleri değişmeden kaldı. Askerleri barındırabilecek yerlere ve ekipman ya da diğer ürünler için ayrı bir kargo bölmesine sahip olan nispeten büyük, yeniden kullanılabilir bir roket inşa edilmesi önerildi.
Roketin ana elemanının çapı yaklaşık 80 fit (25 m'den biraz az) ve yüksekliği 210 fit (64 m) olan bir gövde olması gerekiyordu. Vücudun alt kısmında, yeni bir tür sıvı roket motorunun yerleştirilmesi önerildi. Sıvılaştırılmış hidrojen ve oksijenin yakıt olarak kullanılması planlandı. Yakıt ve oksitleyici tankların bir kısmı kasaya yerleştirilebilir, geri kalanının kasanın dış yüzeyine monte edilmesi planlanmıştır. Gövdenin alt kısmında kalkış ve iniş için destek olmalıydı.
Yükü yerleştirmek için ICARUS / Ithacus roketinin kabuğunun başı verildi. Gövde yüksekliğinin yaklaşık yarısı, altı güverte işgal etmeli, iniş için koltuklu zeminler olmalıdır. Tüm güvertelerde, savaşçılara 200 kavrama önleyici koltuk yerleştirmek mümkün oldu; bu da silahlarla 1200 askerlerine kadar taşıma yapmayı mümkün hale getirdi. Ayrıca yük roketi için uygun bölmelere sahip kargo roketleri yapma imkanı vardı.
Douglas Aircraft'ın mühendislerinin önerisine göre, iniş kuvvetine sahip füzenin Amerikan askeri üslerinden birindeki özel bir fırlatma rampasından kalkması ve iniş bölgesine gönderilmesi gerekiyordu. Bir balistik yörünge boyunca uçması önerildi: Kaldırma ve hızlanma sonrasında, ICARUS sisteminin, dünyanın atmosferinin sınırlarını aşarak, mesafenin bir kısmını kapsaması gerekiyordu. Hedef alanında, belirli bir bölgeye bir fren manevrası yapılmalı ve inmelidir. Bundan sonra, derhal saldırıya girebilecek ve yeni güçlerin inmesi için bir sıçrama tahtası işgal edebilecek olan deniz kuvvetlerini indirmek mümkündü.
Proje, roketin dik direklerde kuyruk direklerine oturacağını ima etti. Bu iniş özelliği F. Bono ve iş arkadaşlarının iniş birlikleri ve boşaltma ekipmanı konusuna karar vermesini sağlamıştır. Raporlara göre, roket gövdesinde, çeşitli ekipmanlarla donatılmış çok sayıda kapı ve kapı monte edilmesi önerildi. Askerlerin, özel teleskopik rampalar, rampalar, halat merdivenleri vb. Yardımıyla yere ineceği varsayılmıştır. Diğer şeylerin yanı sıra, jetpack kullanma olasılığı da göz ön
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food preparation. First is the need to wash your hands before handling or eating food. A DOH study shows that only 25% wash their hands before preparing food. Second, separate raw meat from cooked meat. Raw meat may have parasites and bacteria that can be passed on to the cooked food. Wash chopping boards and kitchen utensils before and after using. Third, buy only safe food items. This means buying safe meat (not double dead meat) and safe fish and seafoods (not fish kill or red tide contaminated). Fourth, cook your food thoroughly. Fifth, cover and protect your food from flies, ants and cockroaches. Just a few seconds with a fly and your food might be contaminated already. Sixth, if the food is not eaten within 2 to 3 hours, store these immediately in the refrigerator. And lastly, make sure you label all your ingredients at home. Lack of proper labels has harmed others because the cook had mistakenly placed poison instead of salt.
4. Unsafe sex practices for high risk groups.
The Department of Health is alarmed over the rise in new HIV cases in the country. In 2007, there were only 25 HIV positive cases per month. But in 2012, this figure has increased 10 times with around 250 HIV positive cases per month. In high risk populations, like MSM (men having sex with men) and female sex workers, the use of condoms is only at 30% and 70% respectively. This is way below the target rate of 90% condom use for high risk populations. Just think about it. If an HIV positive person doesn’t use a condom during sex, then this is tantamount to directly harming another person (if the other person gets infected). The HIV virus is passed on to others by blood, childbirth, semen and vaginal fluids.
To prevent the increase in HIV-AIDS, follow the ABCs of prevention. A is for abstinence. B stands for “be faithful to your partner.” Having only one partner decreases the chance of transmitting the disease. C is for proper condom use. There is no debate about the use of condoms to prevent HIV transmission during sex. It’s the only way. You have to physically block the semen and vaginal fluid from the infected person. D is for “don’t share needles.” Recently, the use of illegal drugs has caused HIV to spread in this high risk population. Of course, people should be weaned away from drug use. But if this isn’t possible yet, then the use of clean needles can decrease the spread of HIV-AIDS.
5. Unsafe driving habits.
Did you know that road accidents are now the number 4 leading cause of death in the country? Reckless driving, over speeding, tired drivers and drunk driving all contribute to fatal accidents. There are also other factors such as poor road conditions, poor lighting and faulty traffic signals. Often, we see buses racing each other and pedestrians jumping over road islands to cross the highway. To prevent road accidents, the government needs to strictly enforce traffic rules and ensure safer roads, among other measures.
6. Smoking in front of others.
Finally, there is one dangerous habit that has been scientifically proven to harm another person. Around 56% of Filipino men and 12% of our women engage in this habit. Studies show that smoking, on the average, reduces your life expectancy by 6 years. Smoking in front of other people, called passive smoking, also reduces other people’s lifespan by 2 years.
Finally, I would urge our policy makers, the government, media and everyone to focus on these 6 unhealthy habits that can cause harm to others. Let us pass and implement the necessary laws to protect the public’s health.<|endoftext|>Benzodiazepine Abuse (cont.)
Benzodiazepine Abuse Diagnosis
The diagnosis is based on findings from your medical history, examination, and any lab tests performed.
- In acute ingestions, the diagnosis is often obvious because you or your family can tell the doctor exactly what was taken.
- The diagnosis of chronic drug abuse can be much more difficult because an abuser and his or her family often try to cover up or hide what is going on.
- The emergency department workup of any possible toxic drug overdose consists of an initial evaluation. Doctors will assess how well you are breathing. The rest of the workup depends on you and your symptoms. The physician will ask about many of the signs and symptoms. Unless you are willing to admit that you are abusing benzodiazepines or family members are present to help with the history, it is easy for you to cover up drug abuse.
- Monitoring and testing
- In the emergency department, you will usually be placed on a monitor that follows heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse oximetry. An IV line will be started. Oxygen is given if you are short of breath or have a reduced level of consciousness.
- Urine drug screens are sometimes performed. These lab tests can detect many of the commonly abused drugs, including benzodiazepines (but may not be able to discover them all). The urine drug screens do not, however, reveal a specific level or amount of the drug taken. Urine is also usually tested for pregnancy in all females of childbearing age.
- Blood samples, ECGs, and chest X-rays may be obtained if there is concern that you may have taken other dangerous drugs.
Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 12/12/2014
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Bu seçenek Apple için bir yenilik değildir. IPhone ve iPad cihazlarının da bu seçeneği var ve daha yüksek hareket kabiliyeti göz önüne alındığında, burada depolanan çok daha fazla sayıda konum bulacaksınız.<|endoftext|>俄亥俄州，嘉德蘭約瑟·斯密住在嘉德蘭和附近地區時，得到許多啟示，這些啟示傳達了成立教會所需的重要指示。約瑟·斯密在嘉德蘭的時候，組織了聖職的職位與定額組，並且聖徒在此興建了第一座聖殿。
1830年12月，約瑟·斯密獲賜的一則啟示指出，「俄亥俄州」是聖徒聚集的第一個地方。1那年的年初，奧利佛·考德里、帕雷·普瑞特及其他人在嘉德蘭附近為許多人洗禮，他們都屬於西德尼·雷格登的會眾。這些早期的歸信者使教會人數激增，其中包括許多在教會歷史上扮演重要角色的弟兄姊妹。2
1830年代，聖徒有兩個聚集地，俄亥俄州嘉德蘭是其中之一。許多聖徒也聚集到密蘇里州，但是由於約瑟·斯密和他的家人當時大部分時間住在俄亥俄州，因此嘉德蘭成了教會總部。在嘉德蘭接受到的大部分啟示，都是在約瑟家庭當時的幾個住處所賜予的。3這其中的許多啟示在嘉德蘭首度發行，第一版聖詩，以及如今收錄在無價珍珠的約瑟·斯密聖經靈感修訂本部分內容也在此時發行。4
主宣布嘉德蘭將是聚集地時，也同時應許祂會祝福嘉德蘭聖徒，把祂的「律法」賜給他們，並讓他們在那裡蒙得「高天的能力」。5聖徒到達嘉德蘭時，主啟示了獻納律法，即經濟的原則，參與的人立下字據，將財產交給教會，並得到一份管家職務來維生，然後把剩餘的財物捐獻出來，支援貧窮的人。6這律法有助於聖徒淨化自己的心思意念，以預備好接受要應許給他們的來自高天的能力。
露西·麥克·斯密回憶道，嘉德蘭聖殿即使還沒興建完成，卻已經是「我們所有想法的主要泉源」。7聖徒付出時間和各種資源來興建這座聖殿，男人付出勞力建築聖殿外牆，女人則分組縫製衣服給在聖殿工作的男人穿。8兒童也參與這事工，收集棄置的陶瓷碎片，用來貼在聖殿的灰泥外牆上。9
聖殿的建築工程和持續不斷的屬靈準備同時在進行。約瑟·斯密成立長老學校，指導弟兄，並幫助他們預備好去服事。10不分男女，大家奉獻時間和資源，參與不同的善行。11
聖殿快蓋好時，約瑟得到神的指示，向他說明聖職組織，他也著手組織亞倫聖職及麥基洗德聖職的職位與定額組。重要的里程碑包括成立總會會長團及十二使徒定額組。12
聖殿在1836年初完工並奉獻，隨之而來的是前所未有的聖靈澆灌。聖殿奉獻的第二天，主向約瑟·斯密及奧利佛·考德里顯現，摩西、以來加、以利亞也分別顯現，將聚集以色列以及將神的家庭印證在一起所需的神聖權鑰交給他們。13在這幾場聚會中，包括蒙召喚到世界各地傳播福音的聖徒在內，都接受了應許給他們屬靈力量的恩道門。14
在聖殿奉獻的盛況後，隨之而來的是經濟困境及第二年的叛教。約瑟·斯密等教會領袖成立的金融機構嘉德蘭安全協會，受到所謂1837年經濟大恐慌的全國金融危機牽連，在1837年倒閉。受到隨後的經濟困境所影響，包括教會領袖在內的一些投資者開始質疑約瑟·斯密的先知召喚。15有些人甚至威脅要殺害約瑟·斯密。1838年的前幾個月，約瑟·斯密和一些教會領袖逃離嘉德蘭，到了密蘇里州遠西城。
住在嘉德蘭的許多聖徒最終也放棄自己的產業，前往密蘇里州及納府，和大多數的聖徒會合。聖徒在嘉德蘭居住期間，包括聖殿在內的幾棟主要建築都保留到今天。基督社區擁有並保存了嘉德蘭聖殿，開放給大眾參觀。16包括重新裝修的紐奧·惠尼家宅與商店，以及重建的鋸木廠與堆灰場在內的一些建築由耶穌基督後期聖徒教會維修，也開放給大眾參觀。
相關主題：嘉德蘭聖殿<|endoftext|>La vacca grassa e la vacca magra
Data: 28-10-1921
Didascalia: Ecco come si vive in Italia: la vacca grassa, che rappresenta il farabuttismo capitalista speculatore, fatti i milioni con la guerra, da un calcio alle leggi di tassazione sui sopraprofitti e porta le ricchezze malguadagnate all’estero, la vacca magra che rappresenta coloro che lavorano utilmente e proficuamente rimane a.... pagare gli sperperi e le rovine create dai patriottismi guerrafondai.
Argomenti: Guerra - Capitalismo - Proletariato<|endoftext|>The last few years have bought a bag or two of potting soil for my spring planting though each year I am disappointed when I open the bag containing a bunch of bark , twigs, gravel, and even several pretty large rocks.
This year I have decided to make my own potting soil with very little effort and much less cost. Given I just recently harvested my compost bin and got about 15 gallons of screened compost as my starting point to make my own mix.
CVG Potting Soil Recipe
- 15 gallons of screened compost
- 1 brick coconut coir (hydrated)
- 4 cups of vermiculite or perlite
- 1 cup organic fertilizer
Add all ingredients to 20 gallon trash container. Mix thoroughly with large shovel until everything is well incorporated. Cover with lid with several holes drilled in the top (otherwise moisture+no light = mold growth)
You can use a smaller container than 20 gallons but would not recommend one smaller or it can be a decent reach to get the last of the soil out of the bottom…
Most of the gardeners love to grow carrots because of the low-maintenance efforts. However, you need to pay some attention one week after sowing the seeds. Carrots need some specific soil conditions in order to be healthy and tasteful. Therefore, before sowing the seeds and also after the seed germination, you need to check the soil to see if it is proper for the healthy growth of the plant. A light sandy soil with lots of potassium and some amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and other micronutrients works best of carrots. So, a soil test is necessary before you plant your carrots, so that you can add the nutrients that are deficient in the soil. Some of the fertilizers that are most suitable for carrots are:
Potash is a fertilizer that provides potassium. Carrots need a lot of potassium for their growth. If your soil is deficient in potassium, you need to add potash in it. Potassium helps carrot plants in their photosynthesis, water as well as nutrient transport and also plant cooling. Deficiency of potassium can make the leaves to curl and their margins will have a burnt look. Stems also become abnormally short and stunted. Alkaline soil, however, does not require a lot of potassium, but if you have an acidic soil, add potash to make it alkaline before you sow the carrot seeds.
Kelp enriches the soil with micronutrients such as calcium, magnesium and boron. These are required by the plant for chlorophyll production. If your soil has a micronutrient deficiency, you need to add kelp. Calcium deficiency can cause stems to collapse and leaves to wither off. Less magnesium can lead to yellowing of the leaves. Carrots with boron deficiency have leaves that have a rosette pattern and they usually turn orange when they grow old. So, to help your carrot plants to grow better, nourish the soil with kelp. Avoid overuse of this fertilizer, as it causes the carrots to become fibrous.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the three main macronutrients that are required by the carrot plants. Before sowing your seeds, make sure that your soil has a proper percentage of these macronutrients. These nutrients help in photosynthesis, proper root and leaf formation and the overall development of the plant. Their deficiency can lead to pale leaves and stunted plants that can die soon. NPK fertilizers release all the three nutrients and make it suitable for the growth of carrots. This fertilizer can be added to the soil 30 days after the germination of the seeds. For carrot plants, the amount of nitrogen in the fertilizer should be less than potassium and phosphorus. NPK fertilizer with 1-2-2 label can be perfect. Carrot is a root plant and too much of nitrogen can enhance the growth of leaves and make the carrots hairy and cracked. However, take care not to even overuse phosphorus, as it leads to water pollution.
Therefore, before planting carrots,
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，想要拥立一领袖，但找不到适当的人，于是请陈婴出山。
陈婴虽一再谢绝，但被少年们强行立为首领。
当时，县中愿随陈婴反秦的有二万人，想拥立陈婴为王，为有别其他军队，士兵们头戴青色帽子，故称苍头军。
陈婴的母亲对陈婴说“：自从我作陈家的媳妇后，从没听说陈家祖先出过贵人，现在你突然之间出了名，这不是吉祥的事。
你不如寻找一人做其下属，事成可以封侯，不成也容易逃亡隐避，因为你不是受世人注意而被指名追捕的人。”因此，陈婴不敢为王，对他的军士说：“项氏是将军世家，在楚是有名的。
现在要举大事，恐怕非项氏领导不可。
我们依倚名族，一定可以灭亡暴秦。”于是大家跟着陈婴一起投奔了项梁。
项梁带兵渡过淮河，英布、蒲将军也率部投奔。
这时项梁共有军队六七万人，驻军下邳。
这时，秦嘉已立景驹为楚王，驻军彭城以东，想要阻止项梁西进。
项梁对军吏们说“：陈王最先起事，后来作战失败，现在生死未知，秦嘉竟然背叛陈王，立景驹为楚王，真是大逆不道。”便率部进攻秦嘉，秦嘉败逃。
项梁乘胜追至胡陵。
秦嘉又回兵与项梁作战，战斗了一天，结果秦嘉战败，全部向项梁投降。
景驹逃走，死在梁地。
项梁收并了秦嘉的余部之后，屯兵胡陵，准备引兵继续西进。
这时，章邯也领兵到了栗县。
项梁便派别将朱鸡石、余樊君领兵与章邯作战。
结果，余樊君战死，朱鸡石兵败逃回胡陵。
项梁引兵入薛，杀了朱鸡石。
在此之前，项梁派项籍引兵去攻襄城，襄城防守坚固，一时没有攻下。
后破了襄城，项羽将守城军民全部活埋后，使人向项梁汇报。
项梁这时证实陈涉确实已死，便召集各处将领在薛聚会，共商大计。
这时沛公也领兵从沛县来薛地会见项梁。
居巢阝人范增，年七十岁，平素喜好研究奇谋巧计。
此时前来劝说项梁“：陈涉失败是理应如此。
秦灭六国，楚最为无罪。
自怀王受骗入秦不得回归楚国，楚人至今仍在怀念怀王。
因此南公说‘：楚虽三户，亡秦必楚。’这次陈胜率先起事，不立楚王后裔为王，因此他的势位不能长久。
现在您起兵江东，楚国将大有如众蜂涌起，争相归附项君之势。
因项君世代为楚将，大家意料项君必定想立楚王后裔为王。”项梁认为范增所言甚为有理，使人寻到流落民间、正替人牧羊的楚怀王的孙子心，并立他为楚怀王，以顺乎民心。
封陈婴为上柱国，封地五县，让他辅助怀王建都盱眙。
项梁也自号为武信君，引兵进攻亢父。
起初，章邯在临淄杀掉齐王田儋后，田假又自立为齐王。
田儋的弟弟田荣率部赶来保卫东阿，章邯率部将他包围。
项梁引兵前来救援东阿，在此大破秦军。
田荣当即引兵回临淄，驱逐了齐王假。
田假逃亡到楚，齐相田角逃亡到赵。
田荣的弟弟田闲原是齐将，居留在赵不敢回齐。
田荣立田儋之子市为齐王。
项梁击破东阿秦军乘胜追逐秦军，并多次派人敦促齐国出兵，一同向西进攻。
田荣说“：如果楚杀田假，赵杀田角、田闲的话，齐就发兵。”项梁说：“田假是楚国的盟国之王，穷途末路来投楚，我们不忍杀害。”同时，赵也不肯杀田角、田闲。
因此，齐不肯发兵助楚攻秦。
项梁派项羽和沛公分兵进攻城阳。
占领城阳后，楚军进行了大屠杀。
接着，楚军又向西在濮阳东边击破秦军。
秦收拾败兵，入濮阳坚守不出。
沛公、项羽又率部攻定陶，但未攻下，就放弃攻打定陶而向西攻略秦地，在雍丘大破秦军，杀掉李由。
然后回兵进攻外黄，但未攻下。
项梁从东阿起兵，到定陶后，再破秦军。
这时项羽等也斩杀李由，因此项梁更加轻视秦军，有了骄傲之意。
宋义劝谏说：“如果因暂时战胜敌人而将骄卒惰，这样的军队最终必败。
现士兵已稍现怠惰了，而秦援兵日益增多，臣很为将军忧虑。”但项梁不听，并派宋义出使齐国。
宋义在路上遇见齐国使者高陵君显，说：“您要去见武信君吗？”高陵君说：“是的。”宋义说：“依臣推断，武信君军必败。
你如果慢步缓行，就可以免灾；如果疾步快行，就一定遇上杀身之祸。”秦兵果然倾全力支援章邯，夜间偷袭楚军，大破楚兵于定陶，项梁战死。
沛公和项羽从外黄退兵转攻陈留，因陈留守将坚守未攻下。
沛公、项羽商议说：“现项梁军已败，军心必定惶恐。”于是同吕臣都引兵东归，吕臣驻军彭城东，项梁驻军彭城西，沛公驻军砀。
章邯击破项梁军之后，认为楚地之兵不足为患，就引兵渡河北攻赵国，大破赵兵。
这时，赵国是赵歇为王，陈馀为大将，张耳为相。
他们退守巨鹿城。
秦将王离、涉间领兵包围巨鹿，章邯自己驻军巨鹿之南，修筑甬道，运输粮草。
陈馀率兵数万驻守巨鹿之北，这就是所谓河北军。
宋义所遇齐国使者高陵君显见到楚怀王说“：宋义推断武信君必败，几天后项梁果然败了。
兵还没出战，就可以预见兵败的征兆，这可说是真懂用兵了。”楚怀王因此召宋义前来议事，对宋义十分喜欢，就任他为上将军，任项羽为鲁公，为次将，范增为末将。
其他别将都为宋义部属，他号为卿子冠军，宋义率部往北救赵，但行至安阳后，就按兵不动了。
秦三年，项羽对宋义说：“现在秦军包围着巨鹿，我们应尽快带兵渡河，楚兵在外围攻秦，赵兵在城内配合，必可破秦。”宋义说“：不然。
要拍死牛身上的大虻虫，不可以杀牛身上的虮虱。
现在秦兵攻赵，即便取胜也会很疲惫，我们正好趁势破秦。
如果秦兵不胜，则我们就可引兵擂鼓长驱西进，也必击破秦兵。
因此，不如先让秦赵相斗。
若论披甲执兵，我不如你，但坐下来运筹帷幄，你就不如我了。”宋义下令军中：“势猛如虎、心狠如羊、性贪如狼、倔强而不听指挥的人，斩首。”又派他儿子宋襄为齐相，并亲自到无盐举行盛大宴会饯行。
时逢天降大雨，寒潮袭击，士卒们又冷又饿。
项羽说“：我们应该合力攻秦，久留这里不行。
今年收成不好，百姓贫困，我们士兵都把蔬菜混在粟中充饥，军中已无存粮，宋义却在举行宴会，而不引兵渡河去从赵地取粮，并与赵军合力攻秦，说什么‘要等秦兵疲惫。’像秦军那么强盛，攻打新建立的赵国，其势赵必败。
赵被击破则秦更强，有什么秦兵疲惫的机会可乘？况且我们楚军新败，楚怀王为此坐不安席，将国内军队全部交付上将军一人指挥，国家安危，在此一举。
现在上将军不顾念国家，不体恤士卒，一意徇私，不是能够安定社稷的臣子。”项羽在早晨去朝见上将军时，在宋义的帐中斩下他的头，发令于军中：“宋义与齐同谋反楚，楚王密令我将他杀掉。”诸将都被项羽的举动慑服，不敢有异议。
大家都说：“最先立楚怀王的，是项将军家。
现今将军杀了作乱的人，有功。”于是，共同拥立项羽为代理上将军。
项羽派人追赶宋义的儿子，一直赶到齐地才赶上杀掉。
又派桓楚向楚怀王报告。
怀王便派使臣立项羽为上将军。
项羽杀掉卿子冠军，其英名威震楚国，名闻诸侯。
项羽派当阳君、蒲将军率二万人渡河去救巨鹿。
战况稍有好转，陈馀又来向项羽求援。
项羽便率全部兵马渡河。
士兵渡过之后，项羽命令把船都敲破沉入水中，把锅、瓦甑都敲碎，把房舍也烧掉，只带三天的口粮，以此来向士兵表示不战胜，只有死的决心。
于是大军一到便包围了王离的军队，与秦军大战九次，断绝秦兵的甬道，大破秦军，杀掉苏角，俘获了王离。
涉闲不肯降，自焚而死。
这时的楚兵，威名勇冠诸侯。
各路诸侯的军队前来救赵，在巨鹿附近建了十多个营垒，但都不敢出战。
楚兵攻击秦军时，各路诸侯都躲在壁垒中观望。
楚军将士以一当十，喊杀声惊天动地。
连壁垒上观望的各路诸侯也惊骇万分。
项羽在大破秦军之后，召见各路诸侯将领。
他们进了辕门，都跪地膝行，不敢抬头仰视。
项羽由此成为各路诸侯的上将军，他们的军队也归他指挥。
章邯驻守在棘原，项羽驻扎在漳南，两军相持还没交锋，秦军就多次退却。
秦二世派人指责章邯。
章邯感到恐惧，派长史司马欣赴咸阳请示，但司马欣到了咸阳，一连在司马门逗留了三日，赵高也不愿接见。
显然，赵高不信任章邯所派使者。
司马欣害怕了，连忙往回赶，并为防止追捕，不走来时的原路。
赵高果然派人追杀司马欣，只是没能赶上。
司马欣回到军中，向章邯报告说：“不可再在军旅中干事了。
现在相国赵高独揽大权。
今战事得胜，赵高必嫉妒我们的功劳，战事不胜，也不免于死罪。
希望将军三思。”这时，陈馀也给章邯一封信，说：“白起为秦将，南并楚之鄢郢，北败赵之马服，攻城略地之多，不可胜数，而最后却被秦王赐死。
蒙恬为秦将，北逐戎人，开辟榆中之地数千里之广，结果被秦王斩于阳周。
什么原因呢？立功太多了，秦无法再封赏他们的功劳，只好设法谋杀他们。
现在将军作秦将已三年了，所率士卒因战争所失已不下十万，而诸将起事日益增多。
赵高平素谄谀日久，目前国事甚急，唯恐二世杀他，因此想设法诛杀将军以推卸责任，另派人取代将军，以推脱其罪责。
将军带兵在外太久，宫廷之内嫌隙很多，所以有功要被诛，无功也要被诛。
况且天要亡秦，无论愚智之人都已知道。
现在将军内不能直接向皇帝进谏，外为亡国之将，孤单独立还想长久存在，不是很可悲吗？将军何不还兵与诸侯订下合纵之约，共同攻秦，成功之后，还可南面称孤。
这样做不是比身受腰斩、妻儿被杀，要好得多吗？”章邯读毕还狐疑不定，暗中派军侯始成到项羽营中，想订和约，但没成功。
项羽派蒲将军引兵渡三户，进军漳南，与秦兵作战，再破秦军。
项羽乘势率全军进击，在氵于水大败秦军。
章邯再使人见项羽，要求订约。
项羽召来军吏计议说：“我们的粮草不多了，想同意他们的订约请求。”军吏们都说“：好。”项羽便和章邯在洹水南部的殷墟上结盟。
礼毕，章邯望着项羽垂涕流泪，伤心地数说赵高专权害人。
项王立章邯为雍王，安置在楚军之中，派长史司马欣为上将军，统率秦军作先锋。
汉元年，项羽率诸侯军队三十多万，一路攻城略地来到河南，向西行至新安。
诸侯们的吏卒昔日服徭役、屯戍来到过秦地，秦的吏卒待他们非常苛刻。
现在秦军投降诸侯，诸侯们的吏卒乘战胜之威，把秦的降卒视为奴虏，羞辱、凌虐他们。
秦的吏卒们偷偷议论说“：章将军等骗我们投降诸侯。
如今能够入关破秦，当然好；如果不能，诸侯们必然俘虏我们东归，而秦又得杀尽我们的父母妻儿。”诸将稍稍听到这些情形，便向项羽报告。
项羽召来英布、蒲将军计议：“秦的降吏降卒不少，他们心中仍不服。
如果到了关中不听命令，那么我们的大事必遭危害，不如把这些人杀了，只和章邯、长史司马欣、都尉董翳入秦。”于是楚军乘夜袭击、坑杀秦降卒二十余万人。
项羽来到函谷关，因有兵守住关隘，不能进入。
又听说沛公已攻破咸阳，项羽大怒，派当阳君攻关。
项羽带兵进入函谷关后，长驱直入，来到戏西鸿门，听说沛公想在关中为王，独吞秦王宫的珍宝。
亚父范增也大怒，劝项羽攻击沛公。
当晚让士兵饱食，准备第二天与沛公决战。
但项羽的叔父项伯平素和张良很要好，而张良当时随沛公，项伯要救张良，因此连夜到沛公营中见张良。
张良与项伯一同见沛公。
沛公就请项伯替他在项羽面前辩解。
第二天，沛公带随从百余骑来到鸿门向项羽请罪，自己陈述说：“封存秦王宫的宝库，让军队退守霸上，以等待大王来接收；封闭函谷关是防备其他盗
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. In need of a pretext for launching a broad purge, Stalin evidently decided that murdering Kirov would be expedient. The murder was carried out by a young assassin named Leonid Nikolaev. Recent evidence has indicated that Stalin and the NKVD planned the crime.
Stalin then used the murder as an excuse for introducing draconian laws against political crime and for conducting a witch-hunt for alleged conspirators against Kirov. Over the next four-and-a-half years, millions of innocent party members and others were arrested—many of them for complicity in the vast plot that supposedly lay behind the killing of Kirov. From the Soviet point of view, his murder was probably the crime of the century because it paved the way for the Great Terror. Stalin never visited Leningrad again and directed one of his most vicious post-War purges against the city—Russia's historic window to the West.
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From the beginning of their regime, the Bolsheviks relied on a strong secret, or political, police to buttress their rule. The first secret police, called the Cheka, was established in December 1917 as a temporary institution to be abolished once Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks had consolidated their power. The original Cheka, headed by Feliks Dzerzhinskii, was empowered only to investigate “counterrevolutionary” crimes. But it soon acquired powers of summary justice and began a campaign of terror against the propertied classes and enemies of Bolshevism. Although many Bolsheviks viewed the Cheka with repugnance and spoke out against its excesses, its continued existence was seen as crucial to the survival of the new regime.
Once the Civil War (1918–21) ended and the threat of domestic and foreign opposition had receded, the Cheka was disbanded. Its functions were transferred in 1922 to the State Political Directorate, or GPU, which was initially less powerful than its predecessor. Repression against the population lessened. But under party leader Joseph Stalin, the secret police again acquired vast punitive powers and in 1934 was renamed the People's Comissariat for Internal Affairs, or NKVD. No longer subject to party control or restricted by law, the NKVD became a direct instrument of Stalin for use against the party and the country during the Great Terror of the 1930s.
After Stalin's death in 1953 the loyal Beria was purged from the Communist Party and power and later executed. (The young girl in Beria's lap is Stalin's daughter Svetlana; the man at right, rear, is unidentified.)
Joseph Stalin and Lavrenti Beria, a Soviet political leader and official in the secret police during the Stalin era of leadership, enjoying a rest at a dacha (a Russian country cottage).
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The secret police remained the most powerful and feared Soviet institution throughout the Stalinist period. Although the post-Stalin secret police, the KGB, no longer inflicted such large-scale purges, terror, and forced depopulation on the peoples of the Soviet Union, it continued to be used by the Kremlin leadership to suppress political and religious dissent. The head of the KGB was a key figure in resisting the democratization of the late 1980s and in organizing the attempted putsch of August 1991.
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The Soviet system of forced labor camps was first established in 1919 under the Cheka, but it was not until the early 1930s that the camp population reached significant numbers. By 1934 the Gulag, or Main Directorate for Corrective Labor Camps, then under the Cheka's successor organization the NKVD, had several million inmates. Prisoners included murderers, thieves, and other common criminals—along with political and religious dissenters. The Gulag, whose camps were located mainly in remote regions of Siberia and the Far North, made significant contributions to the Soviet economy in the period of Joseph Stalin. Gulag prisoners constructed the White Sea-Baltic Canal, the Moscow-Volga Canal, the Baikal-Amur main railroad line, numerous hydroelectric stations, and strategic roads and industrial enterprises in remote regions. GULAG manpower was also used for much of the country's lumbering and for the mining of coal, copper, and gold.
Stalin constantly increased the number of projects assigned to the NKVD, which led to an increasing reliance on its labor. The Gulag also served as a source of workers for economic projects independent of the NKVD, which contracted its prisoners out to various economic enterprises.
Conditions in the camps were extremely harsh. Prisoners received inadequate food rations and insufficient clothing, which made it difficult to endure the severe weather and the long working hours; sometimes the inmates were physically abused by camp guards. As a result, the death rate from exhaustion and disease in the camps was high. After Stalin died in 1953, the Gulag population was reduced significantly, and conditions for inmates somewhat improved. Forced labor camps continued to exist, although on a small scale, into the Gorbachev period, and the government even opened some camps to scrutiny by journalists and human rights activists. With the advance of democratization, political prisoners and prisoners of conscience all but disappeared from the camps.
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In November 1927, Joseph Stalin launched his “revolution from above” by setting two extraordinary goals for Soviet domestic policy: rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture. His aims were to erase all traces of the capitalism that had entered under the New Economic Policy and to transform the Soviet Union as quickly as possible, without regard to cost, into an industrialized and completely socialist state.
Stalin's First Five-Year Plan, adopted by the party in 1928, called for rapid industrialization of the economy, with an emphasis on heavy industry. It set goals that were unrealistic—a 250 percent increase in overall industrial development and a 330 percent expansion in heavy industry alone. All industry and services were nationalized, managers were given predetermined output quotas by central planners, and trade unions were converted into mechanisms for increasing worker productivity. Many new industrial centers were developed, particularly in the Ural Mountains, and thousands of new plants were built throughout the country. But because Stalin insisted on unrealistic production targets, serious problems soon arose. With the greatest share of investment put into heavy industry, widespread shortages of consumer goods occurred.
The First Five-Year Plan also called for transforming Soviet agriculture from predominantly individual farms into a system of large state collective farms. The Communist regime believed that collectivization would improve agricultural productivity and would produce grain reserves sufficiently large to feed the growing urban labor force. The anticipated surplus was to pay for industrialization. Collectivization was further expected to free many peasants for industrial work in the cities and to enable the party to extend its political dominance over the remaining peasantry.
Stalin focused particular hostility on the wealthier peasants, or kulaks. About one million kulak households (some five million people) were deported and never heard from again. Forced collectivization of the remaining peasants, which was often fiercely resisted, resulted in a disastrous disruption of agricultural productivity and a catastrophic famine in 1932–33. Although the First Five-Year Plan called for the collectivization of only twenty percent of peasant households, by 1940 approximately ninety-seven percent of all peasant households had been collectivized and private ownership of property almost entirely eliminated. Forced collectivization helped achieve Stalin's goal of rapid industrialization, but the human costs were incalculable.
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The next 1932 letter documents in great detail the devastating effects of collectivization in the Novosibirsk area of Siberia. An accompanying physician's report describes the deleterious medical conditions the famine has produced. This document is among the first detailed descriptions of the collectivization and its results in Siberia.
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The Soviet Union was the first state to have as an ideological objective the elimination of religion. Toward that end, the Communist regime confiscated church property, ridiculed religion, harassed believers, and propagated atheism in the schools. Actions toward particular religions, however, were determined by State interests, and most organized religions were never outlawed.
The main target of the anti-religious campaign in the 1920s and 1930s was the Russian Orthodox Church, which had the largest number of faithful. Nearly all of its clergy, and many of its believers, were shot or sent to labor camps. Theological schools were closed, and church publications were prohibited. By 1939 only about 500 of over 50,000 churches remained open.
After Nazi Germany's attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, Joseph Stalin revived the Russian Orthodox Church to intensify patriotic support for the war effort. By 1957 about 22,000 Russian Orthodox churches had become active. But in 1959 Nikita Khrushchev initiated his own campaign against the Russian Orthodox Church and forced the closure of about 12,000 churches. By 1985 fewer than 7,000 churches remained active. Members of the church hierarchy were jailed or forced out, their places taken by docile clergy, many of whom had ties with the KGB.
Campaigns against other religions were closely associated with particular nationalities, especially if they recognized a foreign religious authority such as the Pope. By 1926, the Roman Catholic Church had no bishops left in the Soviet Union, and by 1941 only two of the almost 1,200 churches that had existed in 1917, mostly in Lithuania, were still active. The Ukrainian Catholic Church (Uniate), linked with Ukrainian nationalism, was forcibly subordinated in 1946 to the Russian Orthodox Church, and the Autocephalous Orthodox Churches of Belorussia and Ukraine were suppressed twice, in the late 1920s and again in 1944.
Attacks on Judaism were endemic throughout the Soviet period, and the organized practice of Judaism became almost impossible. Protestant denominations and other sects were also persecuted. The All-Union Council of Evangelical Christian Baptists, established by the government in 1944, typically was forced to confine its activities to the narrow act of worship and denied most opportunities for religious teaching and publication. Fearful of a pan-Islamic movement, the Soviet regime systematically suppressed Islam by force, until 1941. The Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union that year led the government to adopt a policy of official toleration of Islam while actively encouraging atheism among Muslims.
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Here is a letter of March 19, 1922, from Lenin via Molotov to members of the Politburo, outlining a brutal plan of action against the “Black Hundreds” clergy and their followers, who were defying the government decree to remove church valuables (purported by the government to be used to fund famine relief). Lenin proposed the arrest and quick trial of the insurrectionists in Shuia, followed by a ruthless campaign to shoot a large number of the reactionary clergy and bourgeoisie and urged that removal of valuables from the richest churches and monasteries be finished quickly.
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In the years immediately following their accession to power in 1917, the Bolsheviks took measures to prevent challenges to their new regime, beginning with eliminating political opposition. When the freely-elected Constituent Assembly did not acknowledge the primacy of the Bolshevik government, Vladimir Lenin dissolved it in January 1918. The Left Socialist Revolutionary Party, which protested the action, withdrew from the Bolshevik coalition in March, and its members were automatically branded enemies of the people. Numerous opposition groups posed military threats from various parts of the country, placing the survival of the revolution in jeopardy. Between 1918 and 1921, a state of civil war existed.
Bolshevik policy toward its detractors, and particularly toward articulate, intellectual criticism, hardened considerably. Suppression of newspapers, initially described as a temporary measure, became a permanent policy. Lenin considered the Constitutional Democrats (Kadets) the center of a conspiracy against Bolshevik rule. In 1919, he began mass arrests of professors and scientists who had been Kadets, and deported Kadets, Socialist Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, and Nationalists. The Bolshevik leadership sought rapidly to purge Russia of past leaders in order to build the future on a clean slate.
These harsh measures alienated a large number of the intellectuals who had supported the overthrow of the tsarist order. The suppression of democratic institutions evoked strong protests from academics and artists, who felt betrayed in their idealistic belief that revolution would bring a free society. Writers who had emigrated shortly after the revolution published stinging attacks on the new government from abroad. As a result, further exit permits for artists were generally denied.
The disenchantment of the majority of intellectuals did not surprise Lenin, who saw the old Russian intelligentsia as a kind of rival to his “party of a new type,” which alone could bring revolutionary consciousness to the working class. In his view, artists generally served bourgeois interests, a notion that fueled the persecution of intellectuals throughout the Soviet period.
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The pattern of suppressing intellectual activity, with intermittent periods of relaxation, helped the party leadership reinforce its authority. After 1923, when threats to the revolution's survival had disappeared, intellectuals enjoyed relative creative freedom while the regime concentrated on improving the country's economic plight by allowing limited free enterprise under the Lenin's New Economic Policy.
But in 1928, the Central Committee established the right of the party to exercise guidance over literature; and in 1932 literary and artistic organizations were restructured to promote a specified style called socialist realism. Works that did not contribute to the building of socialism were banned. Lenin had seen the need for increasing revolutionary consciousness in workers. Stalin now asserted that art should not merely serve society, but do so in a way determined by the party and its megalomaniacal plans for transforming society. As a result, artists and intellectuals as well as political figures became victims of the Great Terror of the 1930s.
During the war against Nazi Germany, artists were permitted to infuse their works with patriotism and to direct them against the enemy. The victory in 1945, however, brought a return to repression against deviation from party policy. Andrei Zhdanov, who had been Stalin's spokesman on cultural affairs since 1934, led the attack. He viciously denounced such writers as Anna Akhmatova, Boris Pasternak, and Mikhail Zoshchenko, who were labeled “anti-Soviet, underminers of socialist realism, and unduly pessimistic.” Individuals were expelled from the Union of Writers, and offending periodicals were either abolished or brought under direct party control.
Zhdanov died in 1948, but the cultural purge known as the Zhdanovshchina continued for several more years. The noted filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein and great composers such as Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitrii Shostakovich were denounced for “neglect of ideology and subservience to Western influence.” The attacks extended to scientists and philosophers and continued until after Stalin's death in 1953.
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Creative writers enjoyed great prestige in both the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union because of literature's unique role as a sounding board for deeper political and social issues. Vladimir Lenin believed that literature and art could be exploited for ideological and political as well as educational purposes. As a result, the party rapidly established control over print and electronic media, book publishing and distribution, bookstores and libraries, and it created or abolished newspapers and periodicals at will.
Communist Party ideology influenced the creative process from the moment of artistic inspiration. The party, in effect, served as the artist's Muse. In 1932 the party established socialist realism as the only acceptable aesthetic—measuring merit by the degree to which a work contributed to building socialism among the masses. The Union of Writers was created the same year to harness writers to the Marxist-Leninist cause. Goskomizdat (State Committee for Publishing Houses, Printing Plants, and the Book Trade), in conjunction with the Union's secretariat, made all publishing decisions; the very allocation of paper became a hidden censorship mechanism. Glavlit (Main Administration for Literary and Publishing Affairs), created in 1922, was responsible for censorship, which came later in the creative process. The party's guidance had already affected the process long before the manuscript reached the censor's pen. The Soviet censorship system was thus more pervasive than that of the tsars or of most other recent dictatorships.
Mikhail Gorbachev needed to enlist the support of writers and journalists to promote his reforms. He did so by launching his policy of glasnost' in 1986, challenging the foundations of censorship by undermining the authority of the Union of Writers to determine which works were appropriate for publication. Officials from the Union were required to place works directly in the open market and to allow these works to be judged according to reader preferences, thereby removing the barrier between writer and reader and marking the beginning of the end of Communist party censorship.
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Statistical report of March 21, 1988, from V. Chebrikov, chairman of the KGB, detailing 1987 investigations of the distribution of anonymous publications hostile to the Soviet government and the Communist Party.
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The Communist regime considered dissent in the Soviet Union a repudiation of the proletarian struggle and a violation of Marxism-Leninism, and thus a threat to its authority. The proletariat was seen as selflessly striving for progress in the building of socialism, whereas the bourgeoisie was seen as selfishly fighting to maintain the status quo. According to Marxist ideology, class struggle was the engine of change in all social development. Vladimir Lenin's ideological contribution was to make the party itself the exclusive “vanguard of the proletariat” and thus the final arbiter of what was proletarian or bourgeois. The secret police was enlisted to enforce the party's ideology and to suppress dissent.
Because the party's legitimacy rested on the basic correctness of its ideology, failures in practical policy were never attributed to ideology itself. To maintain the party's ideological authority, religion had to be condemned outright, and history periodically revised to match the current party line. Books and magazines viewed as no longer politically correct were removed from libraries. Scientists, artists, poets, and others, including many who did not think of themselves as dissidents but whose work appeared critical of Soviet life, were systematically persecuted and even prosecuted. Often they were declared either enemies of the state and imprisoned, or insane and committed to punitive mental hospitals.
To speak for human rights or to support freedom of expression was to question the very basis of Marxism-Leninism and the legitimacy of the party's rule. Among those harassed and persecuted were world-renowned artists and scientists, including Nobel Prize winners Boris Pasternak
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final innovation was the employment of 'Goliat' (Goliath), a small remote controlled tank packed with explosives, but these weapons arrived on June 5th and were not used.
It became evident that Rommel's authority was not enough to complete the construction of concrete fortifications. The availability of cement and dealing with four independent construction authorities were decisive issues. Air force workers, Navy, Organization Todt (the prime construction contractor), personnel and our own 'Fortress Engineers' worked side by side, often duplicating the work. Once again over-organization proved to be a menace.
Almost half of the battle installations were out-moded and, at most, poorly reinforcement. In the Division's sector alone, analysis showed that only 15% of the cement fortifications were bomb-resistant, 45% were shrapnel-proof. Uneven distribution of building material was the order of the day.
In our sector the Air Force built concrete positions while our infantry with their heavy weapons were in poor earth emplacements prone to flooding. On June 6th , the Air Force's concrete shelters were never used, while with earth emplacements it was impossible for our soldiers to defend them for long.
The existing mines, laid two years previously, were no longer reliable. To realize the Fieldmarshal's plans, an installation of a mine belt 5km deep consisting of 10,000,000 (150 mines every 100m) would had been needed for the Division's 53km wide zone. The new allotment of mines (effective against tanks) simply did not arrive. By June 1st we laid about 10,000 anti-personnel ‘S’ mines. In general, we did not achieve Rommel’s plans for even one divisional zone of the ‘Atlantic Wall.’”
In May 1944, under the pressure of OKW, Army High Command (OKH) in Berlin convinced Hitler to restrict Rommel’s power, restoring tactical control back to Rundsted’s OKW. -SB<|endoftext|>A Quick Timeline For The Life Of George Soros
It’s impossible to capture one man’s life in the single page of information we have for you today. Let us try to give a quick overview instead. Who we’re discussing is none other than the self-made billionaire we known as George Soros. Though his elderly years are now “counting down” as every man’s life will, we’ve seen, directly from Mr. Soros, what it means to live.But life didn’t start grand or with a sense of possibility for George Soros and his family. What we find instead is a struggle. Just ask yourself, “How many Jewish survivors of WWII that you know of”? Mr. Soros is inevitably one of them. And here we will do our best to tell the important details of the story.
From The Days Of Hungary
It was during the Nazi occupation of Hungary.Life was bleak, harsh and dark in many ways. The only option left for the Soros family was to run. This is what they did and into the nearby Europe. The long and exhausting journey left George Soros and his family poor.So, it was only a small window of opportunity.The fact was, at only 13-years-old, George Soros and his family were frighteningly poor. The family struggled and so did George. For a moment, the Nazi camps of Hungary and those that led to death seemed a better deal than starving. It’s easy to see a turning point in these moments. Which was a clear choice for George Soros.
To The Fields Of The United Kingdom
In time, it became clear that George would have to become somebody if his life was to change. The start of this personal transformation for George Soros was considered meager work to say the least. But a man with nothing has to start somewhere. George got his start into becoming someone with a simple job in London’s train yards.This inevitable employment led George to seek more and more work.This was to make up for the lack of money he earned working on trains. What came next was nothing miraculous as George Soros found more work and this time working late nights as a waiter. Mr. Soros wasn’t satisfied to say the least.This unrest urged the young man to enter investing.
Unto Financial Magnitude With No Comparison
Today, we find no other great investor alive whose life models that of George Soros. In this modern day, Mr. Soros is somewhat of a figure who’s larger than life. And now, you know a bit of his story. Be sure to follow up and learn more when you can.<|endoftext|>The FindLaw Legal Dictionary -- free access to over 8260 definitions of legal terms. Search for a definition or browse our legal glossaries.
hearsay n: a statement made out of court and not under oath which is offered as proof that what is stated is true called also hearsay evidence
Source: Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law ©1996. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Published under license with Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.<|endoftext|>New York (New York, Usa), 15 gen. (LaPresse/AP) - Dan Brown pubblica un nuovo romanzo che uscirà a maggio e il soggetto è Dante. La casa editrice americana Doubleday ha annunciato oggi che il nuovo libro di Brown si intitolerà 'Inferno', ispirato al viaggio di Dante in versi nella Divina Commedia. Anche in questo prossimo romanzo Brown segue le avventure del simbologista di Harvard, Robert Langdon, già al centro de 'Il codice Da Vinci', 'Il simbolo perduto' e 'Angeli e demoni'. "Anche se ho studiato l'Inferno di Dante quando ero studente, solo poco recentemente, grazia alle mie ricerche a Firenze, ho cominciato a capire e ad apprezzare la lunga influenza del lavoro di Dante nel mondo moderno", ha dichiarato l'autore in una nota stampa.
"Con questo nuovo romanzo - ha aggiunto - sono entusiasta di portare i lettori in un viaggio nel profondo mistero di un paesaggio ricco di codici, simboli e passaggi segreti". Brown rischia con questo lavoro di imbattersi nuovamente nelle controversie religiose che già 'Il codice Da Vinci' aveva sollevato tra alcuni cattolici per via dell'idea suggerita che Gesù e Maria Maddalena ebbero dei figli. Dante stesso era un cattolico che ha criticato gli esponenti della Chiesa. 'Inferno' uscirà il 14 maggio.
© Copyright LaPresse - Riproduzione Riservata<|endoftext|>Roma, 3 mar. (askanews) - Almeno quattro persone sono morte a Rio de Janeiro e nella sua immediata periferia a causa delle piogge torrenziali che hanno causato inondazioni e frane: lo hanno annunciato le autorità del Brasile.
Le quattro vittime sono rimaste fulminate, annegate o sepolte da frane, ha precisato la Protezione civile. Nello stato di Rio de Janeiro, oltre 5.300 persone hanno dovuto abbandonare le loro case a causa delle intense piogge dell'ultimo fine settimana, secondo le autorità di governo dello Stato. Le città più colpite sono state Magé, Mesquita, Rio Bonito, Seropédica e l'Ovest di Rio.<|endoftext|>Meksika’nın eski bir başkanlık kabinesi üyesi, savaşmakla görevlendirildiği şiddet yanlısı uyuşturucu kartellerini korumak için büyük miktarda rüşvet almaktan ABD’de mahkum edildi.
Sıkı güvenlik altında, kimliği bilinmeyen bir New York federal mahkemesi jürisi, Meksika’nın eski Kamu Güvenliği Sekreteri Genaro Garcia Luna aleyhindeki uyuşturucu kaçakçılığı davasında bir karara varmadan önce üç gün boyunca müzakerelerde bulundu.
ABD’de şimdiye kadar yargılanan en yüksek rütbeli mevcut veya eski Meksikalı yetkilidir.
İddiaları reddeden Garcia Luna, Meksika federal polisinin başındaydı ve ardından 2006’dan 2012’ye kadar en üst düzey kamu güvenliği yetkilisiydi. Avukatları, suçlamaların, onun uyuşturucuyla mücadele çabalarını cezalandırmak ve cezasının ertelenmesini isteyen suçluların yalanlarına dayandığını söyledi. savcılara yardım ederek kendileri için.
Garcia Luna, kararı duyunca belirgin bir tepki göstermedi.
Davanın sınırın her iki tarafında da siyasi sonuçları oldu. Tanıklık, eski Meksika Devlet Başkanı Felipe Calderon’un kötü şöhretli Sinaloa kokain karteli kralı Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman’ı büyük bir rakibe karşı korumaya çalıştığına dair ikinci elden bir iddiayı yayınladı. Bu arada Calderon, iddiayı “saçma” ve “mutlak bir yalan” olarak nitelendirdi.
Jüri üyeleri ayrıca Garcia Luna’nın, Washington’un Meksika yasa uygulamalarını güçlendirmek ve uyuşturucu akışını durdurmak için 1,6 milyar dolarlık bir hamleye giriştiği sırada, kendisini kartelle mücadelede önemli bir ortak olarak gören üst düzey ABD’li politikacılar ve diğer yetkililerle görüştüğünü öğrendi.
Amerikalılar yanlış bir şey yapmakla suçlanmadı ve Garcia Luna’nın etrafında uzun süredir şüpheler dolaşsa da, duruşma, ABD’li yetkililerin 2019’da tutuklanmasından önce onlar hakkındaki bilgilerinin kapsamına girmedi.
Ancak şu anki Meksika Devlet Başkanı Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, Washington’a Calderon’un yönetimi sırasında Garcia Luna ile birlikte çalışan kendi kolluk kuvvetleri ve istihbarat görevlilerini soruşturması gerektiğini imalı bir şekilde önerdi.
Eski kaçakçılar ve eski Meksikalı yetkililerden oluşan bir liste, Garcia Luna’nın kartel nakitlerinden milyonlarca dolar aldığını, büyük tacirlerle görüştüğünü ve kolluk kuvvetlerini uzak tuttuğunu ifade etti.
Karteller için yan tarafta ve daha sonra ana işi olarak çalışan eski bir federal polis memuru olan Sergio “El Grande” Villarreal Barragan, “sahip oldukları en iyi yatırımdı” dedi. “Faaliyetlerimizde kesinlikle hiçbir sorun yaşamadık.”
O ve diğer tanıklar, Garcia Luna’nın gözetiminde polisin kaçakçılara yaklaşan baskınlar hakkında bilgi verdiğini, kokainin ülke içinden serbestçe geçmesini sağladığını, rakiplere baskın yapmak için kartellerle işbirliği yaptığını ve başka iyilikler yaptığını söyledi.
Eski bir kaçakçı, Garcia Luna’nın 2007 civarında Meksika’da ele geçirilen devasa bir kokain sevkiyatı hakkında ABD kolluk kuvvetlerinin bilgilerini yansıtan bir belge paylaştığını söyledi.
54 yaşındaki Garcia Luna, duruşmada ifade vermedi, ancak karısı, Meksika’daki varlıklarını meşru bir şekilde elde edilmiş ve üst-orta sınıf ama müsrif değilmiş gibi gösterme çabasıyla kürsüye çıktı. Çift, 2012’de Meksika yönetimi değişince Miami’ye taşındı ve Garcia Luna, güvenlik konularında danışman oldu.
Avukatları, savcıların davasının, suçlamalarını desteklemek için kayıtlar, mesajlar veya belgelenmiş bir para izi olmadan, kabul edilen kanunları çiğneyenlerin ifadelerine dayandığını vurguladı.
Savunma avukatı Cesar de Castro kapanış konuşmasında, “Bu katillerin, işkencecilerin, dolandırıcıların ve destansı narkotik kaçakçılarının Genaro Garcia Luna hakkında iddia ettiklerini hiçbir şey desteklemiyor” dedi.
Garcia Luna, 20 yıldan ömür boyu hapis cezasına kadar olası bir ceza aralığı taşıyan, devam eden bir suç girişimine dahil olmayı içeren suçlamalardan hüküm giydi. Ayrıca kokain dağıtımı ve kokain komplosu da dahil olmak üzere başka suçlamalardan da mahkum edildi. Cezası 27 Haziran’a verildi.
Duruşma, bir aslan, bir su aygırı, beyaz kaplanlar ve daha fazlasının olduğu özel bir hayvanat bahçesi gibi narkotik savurganlıklarla doluydu. Jüri üyeleri tonlarca kokainin Latin Amerika’da nakliye konteynırlarında, hızlı teknelerde, özel jetlerde, uçaklarda, trenlerde ve hatta denizaltılarda dolaştığını duydu.
Ve bu uyuşturucuların körüklediği olağanüstü şiddetin korkunç hatıraları vardı.
Tanıklar, iddiaya göre Garcia Luna’nın kaçırılması da dahil olmak üzere kartel cinayetlerini ve adam kaçırmaları anlattı. Kartel grupları polis koruması satın alırken birbirleriyle savaşırken, polis memurlarının katledildiğine ve uyuşturucu dünyası rakiplerinin parçalandığına, derilerinin yüzüldüğüne ve köprülerden sarkıtıldığına dair tanıklıklar vardı.
Tanıklar, Garcia Luna’yı kır evinden araba yıkamaya kadar değişen ortamlarda kartel liderleriyle yapılan toplantılara teslim etmeyi anlattı. Ayrıca güvenli evlerde, kokain dolu bir depoda ve lüks bir Mexico City restoranında uyuşturucu parasıyla dolu kutuları ve çantaları toplamak için yaptıkları gezileri anlattılar.
Eski bir kaçakçı olan Oscar “El Lobo” Nava Valencia, bir kartel iç savaşının ortasında Guzman’ın ortaklarıyla yaptıkları bir toplantıda Garcia Luna ve o zamanın üst düzey bir polis yetkilisinin “bizimle birlikte olacaklarını” söylediklerini bizzat duyduğunu söyledi. Nava Valencia, bu oturma eyleminin tek başına uyuşturucu çetesine 3 milyon dolara mal olduğunu söyledi.
Garcia Luna, yaklaşık dört yıl önce aynı New York mahkeme salonunda Guzman’ın yüksek profilli davasında yolsuzluk iddiasıyla ilgili ifadesinin ortaya çıkmasının ardından tutuklandı.
Eski politikacı ayrıca çeşitli Meksika tutuklama emirleri ve hükümet teknoloji sözleşmeleri, hapishane sözleşmeleri ve silahların ABD’den Meksikalı uyuşturucu kartellerine yasadışı yollardan geçtiğine dair şüpheleri araştıran beceriksiz ABD “Hızlı ve Öfkeli” soruşturmasıyla ilgili suçlamalarla da karşı karşıya.
Meksika hükümeti ayrıca Garcia Luna ve Florida’daki sözde ortakları ve işletmeleri aleyhine, Meksika’nın yolsuzluk yoluyla topladığı 700 milyon doları geri almak isteyen bir hukuk davası açtı.
Lopez Obrador, günlük basın toplantılarında New York davasıyla ilgili güncellemeler verdi ve Garcia Luna’yı yolsuzluk olarak nitelendirdi, ancak suçlu olup olmadığına jürinin karar verdiğini belirtti.
Kaynak : https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/21/mexicos-former-public-security-chief-convicted-in-us-drug-case<|endoftext|>2022-04-04
ممکن است تعجب کنید که تفاوت آن چیست. پاسخ، واقعاً زیاد نیست. آنها اساساً یکسان عمل می کنند و بهترین قسمت این است که می توانید از همان مایع استفاده کنید، اما انواع مختلفی از مخلوط ها به آن اضافه شده است. هر دو دارای باتری هایی در داخل خود هستند که دستگاه اتمایزر را تغذیه می کند، که مایع درون مخزن را گرم می کند و بخار ایجاد می کند. تفاوت در عملکرد نیست، بلکه در ظاهر است.
E-shisha یا به طور خلاصه دستگاه های e-shisha، بسیار زیباتر از سیگارهای الکترونیکی به نظر می رسند. آنها بسیار مجلل تر هستند، و این به این دلیل است که در واقع سابقه ای در پشت خود دارد.
هدف از سیگارهای الکترونیکی دادن سریع نیکوتین به مردم بود و این همان چیزی بود که بسیاری از سیگاری ها از آن استفاده می کردند.ترک سیگار، زیرا خطر کمتری نسبت به تنباکو دارند.
اکنون e-shisha بر طعم تمرکز دارد، و این در واقع در بسیاری از موارد بدون دوره نیکوتین استفاده می شود، که بسیار وحشی است. آنها به دنبال ابرها و طعم هستند، و اغلب مستلزم زدن ضربه ای نیست که با قلیان سنتی مرتبط است. اما، گاهی اوقات می توانید آب میوه بگیرید.
اکنون، بخش دیوانه کننده این است که بسیاری از مردم از اصطلاح سیگار الکترونیکی استفاده نمی کنند. در عوض، بدون توجه به نوع وسیله ای که برای آن استفاده می کنید، از کلمه ویپینگ استفاده می کنند. این روزها مفهوم کلی بخارپزی از صرف تلاش برای ترک سیگار به ایجاد ابرهای بزرگ و طعم های دیوانه کننده و خلاقانه تبدیل شده است. E-shisha در بسیاری از موارد درست مانند قلیان معمولی عمل می کند، و آن دسته از کاربرانی که به دنبال انتقال از لوله های قلیان سنتی به نوع بخارپز هستند، در واقع در بسیاری از موارد تقریباً شبیه به همان چیزی است. این حس کشیدن قلیان با پیپ را تقلید می کند، اما به جای مصرف تنباکو و سایر محصولات، اساساً حس و طعم آن را به همراه ضربه های احتمالی نیکوتین دریافت می کنید.
در حال حاضر، هر دو اصطلاح سیگار الکترونیکی و e-shisha زمانی که شما در مورد دستگاه صحبت می کنید قابل تعویض هستند، زیرا قطعات آن تقریباً یکسان هستند و آنها کار مشابهی را انجام می دهند.
اما، چند تفاوت وجود دارد. مصرف سیگار با سیگارهای الکترونیکی بسیار پیچیده می شود. احتمالاً مودها را دیدهاید، و متوجه شدهاید که میتوانند ویترینهای بزرگ و مفصلی باشند، در حالی که قلیان بسیار سادهتر هستند. به همین دلیل است که بسیاری از اوقات دستگاه ها به همان شکلی که هستند به بازار عرضه می شوند. استفاده از قلیان ها بسیار ساده است و برای کارکرد آن نیازی به استفاده از تنظیمات مختلف و مانند آن نیست. اگر در مورد آن فکر کنید، بخارپز می تواند تغییرات زیادی داشته باشد، اما اگر این را نمی خواهید، در گفتن e-shisha به جای سیگار الکترونیکی اشتباه نمی کنید.<|endoftext|>On paper, an urban school district like Cleveland Metropolitan Schools spends more money per student than a suburban one like Bexley City Schools outside Columbus.
But adjust that spending to account for the number of special education students, English Language Learners, and kids from impoverished households each district serves, and the amount leftover for basic education needs drops by $4000 in Cleveland, and
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table multiple times). Step 4: Distribute the large chips. At this point, you give out the remaining $25 chips to the players who were dealt the highest cards. 4A. Player B with the Ace gets one chip, and Player D with the Q gets the other chip. 4B. Then remove all the $5 chips from the table and "shuffle up and deal!" Notice that there is still a total of $300 in play, but it's been redistributed somewhat differently among the players. See the last picture below. A few special items: 4C. A player may not be eliminated from the tournament by the color-up process. If a player only has a few of the smaller chips (less than a full stack) and does not receive one of the high cards from the race, that player receives one of the higher chip, in addition to the other big chips given out the normal way. 4D. One player may only receive a maximum of one higher chip for the odd smaller chips. Once he's received his bigger chip, the rest of his cards are dead. For example, if one player has an Ace and a King, you would give him the first chip and go on to the player with a Queen for the second chip. 4E. If 2 players receive the same high card (like if two players each were dealt a King in this example), we just deal another card to each of them, and the higher of these two tie-breaker cards would get the second chip. [The official race procedures call for breaking a tie by suits, in reverse alphabetical order -- spades, hearts, diamonds, clubs. But as long as we're dealing cards we just keep dealing for ties.] It's very simple once you get the hang of it. It's also pretty easy to explain to other players if you go through the steps and tell what's going on in each step. However, the guy who had 4 $5 chips but didn't get a $25 because he got low cards may still be upset with you . . . but that's poker. Have fun with your race-offs!<|endoftext|>《觉禅钞》曾引《药师经疏》卷一而言，过去世电光如来时，有一梵士医王，养育日照、月照二子，发心愿利乐众生，二子亦发愿供养。梵士医王即今之药师如来，二子即日光、月光二菩萨。依《药师仪轨布坛法》所载，月光菩萨身呈白色，手持月轮，坐鹅座上；但此像与历代相传者颇为不同，历来所造皆为立像，而月光菩萨即立于药师如来之右侧。如同日光菩萨一样，月光菩萨与观世音菩萨的大悲咒也有密切的关系。凡是至心持诵大悲咒的修行者，月光菩萨也会与无量神人来增益其持咒效验。修行者在持诵大悲咒过后，如果能再加诵月光菩萨陀罗尼，则月光菩萨当会来加庇护，使持咒者除去一切障难与病痛，并成就一切善法、远离各种怖畏。<|endoftext|>Grading the 1913 Barber Dime. The Type II “Buffalo” nickel had the mound partially cut away, creating an exergue for the words FIVE CENTS. Date/Mint. The original version of the Indian Head nickel was created by James Fraser and lasted only a few months into the year 1913. Certainly the most famous nickel of all time is the 1913 V Nickel. This was the first coin to break the million-dollar barrier, with a final hammer price of $1,485,000 after a … Buy & Sell This Coin. All include value charts, along side grading images to find the accurate value of your old nickels. The first year the V-Nickel had no "CENTS" stamped on the reverse, the preceding years from 1884 to 1913 the word "CENTS" appears on the reverse bottom middle. What makes this year unique in the series are the different variations of the coin. All of them have a value of well over 3,000,000 dollars with two are proofs and the other three our normal or business strikes. A heavily worn coin with a readable date is worth well above face value. See how much your 1949 nickel is worth here! Fine: Also a collectable grade for a 1913 nickel, the coin has a pleasing but worn appearance. TYPE I TYPE II. Only 2 left. Minted 1913 to 1938; buffalo nickel value is found by determining date | mintmark | condition. It was minted at three different mints, each with two distinct varieties. No matter your coin-collecting objective, if you’re buying Buffalo nickels, be sure to look for the best strikes possible, as most are softly struck and therefore generally display poor detail. 1913-S 5c Type 2 Buffalo Nickel PCGS AG 03. With two types, each being minted at three separate locations, there are six major varieties of the 1913 Buffalo nickel, all of which have separate value scales. The V-Nickel, sometimes referred to as the Liberty Head Nickel, gets its V-Nickel name from the coins reverse design. ★Coin Values Discovery... finds 1913 nickel value and... all old US coin values. Like other coin types, V Nickel values can vary significantly based on year of mintage and condition. Buffalo Nickel Value. Mint state and key date listed Liberty V Nickel values is for graded, certified and authenticated coins in PCGS or NGC holders. 0 bids. According to About.com (read article here)any V-Nickel that has a legible date is worth 15x it's face value at least. Look on the back of the coin, (with the buffalo), and look at the ground he is standing on. A 1918 buffalo nickel can be worth up to $1500 today. 1913 S Buffalo Nickel 5 Cent Piece- Type 2, T2, Rare Key Date. Because no one wants to add a worn, tattered coin to their collection, you will find that most every collector closely analyzes the coins they want to buy, searching for imperfections. 1913-S Type 2 5C Buffalo Nickel VF Details # $225.00. Buffalo nickels in 1913 were produced by three mints. The finest-known 1913 Liberty Nickel is valued at a minimum of $5 million, the price for which it sold in May of 2007. Described as the most valuable U.S. nickel in existence, a rare nickel from 1913 is expected to sell for between $3 million and $5 million at auction. I'm finding it extremely hard to believe you, considering that a 1913 Liberty "V" nickel is worth about three million dollars, and that only five of them are known to exist in the world. The Shield nickel is an interesting type, having no portrait and a big "5" surrounded by … In the case of the Native American, at least three real individuals are believed to have served as models, with various features from each combined into the single bust on the coin. The mystery of just how they came to be will probably never be known. $19.99. Ending Saturday at 10:37AM PST 6d 2h. A nickel is a five-cent coin struck by the United States Mint.Composed of 75% copper and 25% nickel, the piece has been issued since 1866.Its diameter is .835 inches (21.21 mm) and its thickness is .077 inches (1.95 mm). Buffalo Nickel Series Highlights. A total of 3314000 of these coins were produced in 1913 and have a silver content of 0 and a weight of 0.160753733 troy oz.. What is the Value? The buffalo nickel value ranges from $1 to $100,000 depending on the quality of the coin, which year it was minted in, which mint it was manufactured at, and its strike type. Examine the high points of the Indian's cheek and front leg and hip of the buffalo for a dulling of luster, indicating wear. Today, these nickels are worth millions of dollars. There is no such thing as an Indian head nickel minted in 1895. Buffalo Nickel 1930-S Obverse. Easily find how much your old coins are worth. In 1938, Fraser, when asked which Native Americans he used for the nickel, had referenced Iron Tail (a Sioux), Big Tree (Kiowa), and Two Moons (Cheyenne) as his design influences. 1913-S TYPE 2 BUFFALO NICKEL BETTER GRADE RARE COIN KEY DATE. Collecting Buffalo Nickels 1913 Buffalo Nickel, Type I 1913 S Buffalo Nickel, Type II Reverse 1938 d over s Buffalo Nickel Liberty Coin Service by Thomas Coulson The Buffalo Nickel was introduced in 1913 as part of the renaissance of United States coinage that started in 1907 with the Saint Gaudens Twenty Dollar gold issue. $2 Buffalo Nickel Roll - 40 Coins - Rare Nickel Roll! or Buy It Now. AU55. The 1913 Liberty Nickel is one that has been surrounded in mystery since it's discovery. The Buffalo Nickel (or Indian Head Nickel) was the design of the US 5 cent coin from 1913 to 1938, and while this coin was only minted for 25 years it is still possible to find them in circulation. 1913-D Buffalo Nickel Variety 2 Type II. $2.99 shipping. or Buy It Now. The Buffalo nickel series is avidly collected and 1913 nickels are important to any collection. A total of 60849000 of these coins were produced in 1913 and have a silver content of 0 and a weight of 0.160753733 troy oz.. What is the Value? Extremely Fine: As a coin circulates friction begins to show as a slight loss of detail on the hair braid of the Indian and upper front leg of the Buffalo. The 1913-S Type 1 is most rare and value … The 1913 3-1/2 Legged Buffalo Nickel (Type 1) is similar to the 1937-D Three-Legged Buffalo Nickel in that excessive polishing of the dies resulted in the removal of portions of the front leg. The beginning of … Free shipping. With only five that are known to have been struck, this incredibly rare coin became the first to ever be sold for $100,000 in the early 1970's - quite a feat considering that it was worth a mere five cents when it was first minted. Mint luster covers the entire surface of the coin. Was: $69.99. Compositionally, the 1913 Buffalo nickel is typical for the series, consisting of 75% copper and 25% nickel. Generally speaking, each of these coins is more readily available than the type 2 counterpart of the same mint mark. On Type II, Buffalo nickels, the “FIVE CENTS” is larger than on Type I coins and recessed under the bison. VF35. The 1913 Liberty Head nickel was included as part of a date collection of nickels, without any particular notice being made of it. Design details are visible on both the Buffalo and Indian. Rising prices, increasing demand from both collectors and rare coin dealers requires a second look at your coins. For coins that are more than a century old like the 1913 Buffalo Nickel, the first thing collectors will do is assess the coin’s condition. Heartland Precious Metals President Paul Montgomery on the discovery of a 1913 ‘lost’ nickel worth $3 million. 1913 – 1938. Further wear of the rim, merges it into the lettering of the legends. The first Indian head nickel was minted in 1913; prior to that was the Barber nickel, with the head of Liberty. The 'key … In 2010, the Olsen piece sold for US$3.7 million at a pu… All values listed above are for coins in typical condition that are not cleaned, damaged, or otherwise impaired. Buffalo Nickel Overview / History. Free shipping. Much of the collectible value of a Buffalo Indian Head nickel is derived from its year and mintmark, making it difficult to value a coin with those features rubbed off. Starting with the value chart, let's go through these variables and discover how much your 1913 Buffalo nickel is worth. The most popular coin series from this group is likely the buffalo nickel. Walton was killed in a 1962 car crash with the coin in his possession. Search your box of old coins and discover the possibilities of... Finding Rare Nickels, Copyright © 2007-2021 Daniel A. HarrisAll Rights Reserved. Common date Liberty V Nickel value begins at.50 for any date after 1899; since 1900 through 1912 (without a mint mark) are the highest mintage years. Type collectors like to collect at least one example of each the Type I and Type II varieties. Follow the step by step process below and find where your coin is listed on the value chart. The diameter 21.20 millimeters and mass of 5 grams are also typical for the series. 1877 proof Shield Nickel: $2,100 – In 1877, the nickel was struck only in the proof variety, though … The second half of your value investigation is judging the condition of your buffalo nickel and determine its grade. ... Liberty Nickel (1883-1913) Shop at: APMEX David Lawrence L&C Coins Collectors Corner eBay U.S. Watch Stuart Varney on Varney. 1913 “Buffalo ” Nickel; Type I and Type II. However, in August 2018, the coin sold again at a … Designed by James Earle Fraser, the Buffalo nickel came to the fore during a time in American history that several new United States were being released, including the Lincoln cent (1909), Mercury dime (1916), Standing Liberty quarter (1916), and Walking Liberty half dollar (1916). FocusontheUser.org has roughly calculated the 1913 S Buffalo Nickel value at roughly $47, one in certified mint state (MS+) could be worth $1,750. The value of a 1913 Buffalo nickel is to a certain extent dependent on its variety. The nickel is being offered for sale by the heirs of George Walton who acquired the coin in the mid-1940s for a reported $3,750. EF45. The intrinsic value of the metal in the coins is around 5 cents, as of 2014. Most V nickels have common dates and the catalog values above apply. $19.99. And just to make it interesting, the condition of your coin further affects value within each nickel type. Follow the step by step process below. Coins. The … $7.98 shipping. Buffalo nickel values reflect the huge demand for this highly popular coin. It outperforms the Rare Coin Values Index, which graphs the overall percent change over the same time period of a representational group of 87 rare US coins. 1913 S Buffalo Nickel Value. Type collectors like to collect at least one example of each the Type I and Type II varieties. Uncirculated: The ultimate grade to a collector. Check all your buffalo nickel values with the chart. Valuing the 1913 Buffalo Nickel. According to one theory, the 1913 Liberty Nickels were struck as test pieces, but the dies were destroyed to prepare for the debut of the Buffalo Nickel. TYPE I TYPE II. $0.0516389 is the melt value for the 1913-1938 Buffalo Nickel on January 05, 2021. 1913 Nickel Value The 1913 nickel value ranges from $10 for a well circulated coin to over $574 for the rare 1913-S Type 2 Buffalo nickel in "Uncirculated" condition. The term nickel is used to refer to any five cents coins dated from 1866 and later. Proofs were minted in the years 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1935, 1936, 1937 and a Special Proof dated 1927 with the FIVE CENTS in a recess. 1913-S Type II: 1,209,000; $325+ 1913 Matte Proof Buffalo nickel: 1,520; $1,500+ The demand for 1913 Buffalo nickels is strong for numerous reasons. A full bold date with legends separated from the rims, increases this grade from a lesser one. Proof Coins can be Worth $1,254 or more. The nickel is being offered for sale by the heirs of George Walton who acquired the coin in the mid-1940s for a reported $3,750. Demand for examples in an excellent state of preservation has pushed 1913 nickel value for these gems to over $600. G4. $269.99. F12. This was the first coin to break the million-dollar barrier, with a final hammer price of $1,485,000 after a 10% buyer's fee was added. The beginning of a popular series with collectors and dealers. For the American bison on the reverse, Black Diamond, a resident at the Bronx Zoo, provided Fraser direct inspiration. In 1972, one specimen of the five cent coin became the first coin to sell for over US$100,000; in 1996, another specimen became the first to sell for over US$1 million. Series collectors want one example of each of the date-and-mintmark combinations from 1913. You have two different reverse types for Buffalo Nickels, one is called “On A Mound” Type 1 and “On A Plane” Type 2 with the Type 1 is dated 1913 only and all three mints struck this type. Although wear is noticeable your nickel still appears sharp and crisp, and a desirable coin. Free shipping. All 1949 nickels are worth AT LEAST 2x to 3x their face value. Date by DateIn Depth Buffalo Nickel Value1913 to 1938. The one in the picture is uncirculated, with no wear and lots of creamy, frosty mint luster. US Liberty Head V Nickel 1883 to 1913 Most Liberty, or 'V', nickels catalog for about $2 US dollars in worn condition. 1913 P Buffalo Nickel: Coin Value Prices, Price Chart, Coin Photos, Mintage Figures, Coin Melt Value, Metal Composition, Mint Mark Location, Statistics & Facts. $24.25. The true name of this very popular coin is the Five Cent Indian Head, however, the name “Buffalo Nickel” seems to have been set as its most widely used and accepted name. The Type I, raised ground reverse and Type II, with "Five Cents" recessed into the ground. Good: A well worn coin defines this example. Liberty V Nickel Value 1883 To 1913. This Buffalo Nickel was made in 1913 and hasP as the current mink mark. $34.50 . 1913 P Liberty Nickel: Coin Value Prices, Price Chart, Coin Photos, Mintage Figures, Coin Melt Value, Metal Composition, Mint Mark Location, Statistics &
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，无正当理由拒绝接收的，房屋毁损、灭失的风险自书面交房通知确定的交付使用之日起由买受人承担，但法律另有规定或者当事人人另有约定的除外。而不履行，则是当事人不履行任何合同义务的表示，在此情况下，违约方应依严格责任原则承担违约责任。
《合同法》第122 条规定：“因当事人一方的违约行为，侵害对方人身、财产权益的，受损害方有权选择依照本法要求其承担违约责任或者依照其他法律要求其承担侵权责任。”这是我国首次以法律的形式对违约责任和侵权责任的竞合问题做出规定。
合同法第一百一十一条 质量不符合约定的，应当按照当事人的约定承担违约责任。对违约责任没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，受损害方根据标的的性质以及损失的大小，可以合理选择要求对方承担修理、更换、重作、退货、减少价款或者报酬等违约责任。
合同法第一百一十五条当事人可以依照《中华人民共和国担保法》约定一方向对方给付定金作为债权的担保。债务人履行债务后，定金应当抵作价款或者收回。给付定金的一方不履行约定的债务的，无权要求返还定金;收受定金的一方不履行约定的债务的，应当双倍返还定金。
行政法学者则认为，行政合同是客观存在的，随着政府、行政机关职能的转变，尤其是现代行政执法理念发生了深刻变化，由过去“命令与服从”转变为“服务与合作”，随之行政管理手段亦发生了变化，行政合同这种管理方式。
誉远法律的团队具有以下特色：一是大数据，云法务系统，全天候服务；二是每桩案件均派出多人律师团队；三是聘请国内外著名院校专家，资深律师；四是律师团队分工协作，高效率为您解决烦恼；五是，风控管理贯穿全过程。专业的律师团队才能更好的为您解决问题，以更好地维护自己的合法权益。
合同当事人了解清楚了怎样防范合同风险之后，才能在实际履行合同的过程中，更好的保护自身合法利益。当然，从长远出发，对可能产生的风险事先进行预防，这也是很好的，能够在一定程度上保证合同的顺利履行，大家要找誉远法律专业的律师了解相关情况。<|endoftext|>مدافع برزیلی سفیدپوشان مادریدی می گوید فوق ستاره پیشین این تیم همچنان بهترین بازیکن دنیا است.
به گزارش خبرنگاران، مارسلو در پی برتری 4 بر یک شب گذشته (یکشنبه) تیم فوتبال رئال مادرید مقابل جیرونا در هفته دوم لالیگای اسپانیا در خصوص تعویض شدنش در دقیقه 61 بازی گفت: از تعویضم سورپرایز شدم، اما به تصمیم لوپتگی احترام می گذارم.
وی اضافه کرد: می خواستم به بازی ادامه بدهم چون حس خوبی داشتم و صد درصد آماده بودم، اما به هر حال ما در مسیر درستی قرار داریم و اطمینان دارم هر بازی که جلوتر می رویم، پیشرفت خواهیم کرد. ما بازی خوبی مقابل جیرونا به نمایش گذاشتیم و سه امتیاز بازی را از آن خود کردیم.
مدافع برزیلی کهکشانی های با اشاره به جدایی بهترین گلزن تاریخ باشگاه رئال مادرید در این تابستان و پیوستن او به یوونتوس در ازای 112 میلیون یورو، گفت: کریستیانو (رونالدو) بهترین بازیکن دنیا است و البته که دلم برایش تنگ می گردد، اما ما بیل و بنزما را داریم که آنها هم خیلی خوب هستند.
مارسلو همچنین در تمجید از دروازه بان کاستاریکایی رئال که در این بازی به تیبو کورتوا ترجیح داده شد و دروازه خود را بسته نگه داشت، گفت: ما دو دروازه بان خیلی خوب داریم، اما برای کیلور ناواس خیلی خوشحالم. او عملکرد خیلی خوبی در این بازی داشت.منبع: خبرگزاری تسنیم<|endoftext|>Colorado River near Granby, CO
The Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District ("Northern") operates the Colorado-Big Thompson (C-BT) project, which collects water from the headwaters of the Colorado River and diverts it through the Adams Tunnel for delivery to municipal and agricultural users in northeastern Colorado. Four gages in the Colorado headwaters (Colorado R. near Granby, Fraser R. at Granby, Willow Creek Reservoir inflow, and Blue R. above Green Mountain Reservoir) are used by Northern to monitor and model the west-slope water supply for C-BT. In 2002, Connie Woodhouse generated tree-ring reconstructions of these four gages for Northern as part of the Colorado TreeFlow project. These reconstructions were also used in analyses for Woodhouse and Lukas (2006).
Woodhouse, C.A. and J.J. Lukas. 2006. Multi-century tree-ring reconstructions of Colorado streamflow for water resource planning. Climatic Change 78: 293-315.
A forward stepwise regression procedure was used to calibrate the observed flow record with a pool of potential predictors consisting of 25 tree-ring chronologies from western Colorado. The residual chronologies, with the low-order autocorrelation removed, were used. Three predictor chronologies were selected by the stepwise procedure for the reconstruction model for the Colorado River near Granby. Validation statistics were computed using a leave-one-out (cross-validation) approach. See Woodhouse and Lukas (2006) for more details.
Predictor Chronologies: Pump House (CO), Cathedral Creek (CO), Green Mountain Reservoir (CO)
|Explained variance (R2)||0.67|
|Reduction of Error (RE)||0.59|
|Standard Error of the Estimate||42,228 AF|
|Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)||43,898 AF|
Figure 1. Scatter plot of observed and reconstructed Colorado River annual flow, 1951-1999.
Figure 2. Observed (black) and reconstructed (blue) Colorado River annual flow, 1951-1999. The observed mean is illustrated by the dashed line.
Figure 3. Reconstructed annual flow for the Colorado River (1383-1999) is shown in blue. Observed flow is shown in gray and the long-term reconstructed mean is shown by the dashed line.
Figure 4. The 10-year running mean (plotted on final year) of reconstructed Colorado River flow, 1383-1999. Reconstructed values are shown in blue and observed values are shown in gray. The long-term reconstructed mean is shown by the dashed line.<|endoftext|>Cat mint is well known, as is its cousin catnip, for making adult cats ecstatic and kittenish. But cat mint leaves also make a calming tea, while the blue-lavender flowers and silvery foliage make a stunning contrast to other garden favorites such as roses. Cat mint can be grown from seed with little harassment from cats until the plant leaves are bruised, but transplants may need to be protected until they're established.
Planting from Seed
Choose a spot in your garden with part to full sun and decent drainage. You may either sow seeds directly after the last danger of frost, or start seeds in pots or trays indoors.
Prepare the planting site with one or two parts compost to one part native soil. Spade this mix up to 12 inches into the soil.
Plant seeds 1/4 to 1/8 inch deep, about 2 inches apart. Cover with loose soil. Water gently so that the seeds are not disturbed, until the soil is moist several inches down.
Keep the top 2 inches of soil lightly moist until germination. After germination, provide 1 inch of water once per week when rain isn't sufficient.
Thin to 12 inches apart. Transplant seedlings from indoors when they're about 2 inches tall, after all danger of frost.
Transplanting Cat Mint
Prepare garden site as above. Dig a hole with a hand spade as deep as the root ball of the cat mint and twice as wide. Lay the container on its side and work the root ball gently out of the container, pressing on the sides if necessary. Loosen the roots at the bottom of the root ball.
Center the root ball in the prepared hole. Backfill with soil, watering in as you go to settle the soil and remove air pockets. Continue until the soil is even with the top of the root ball and the surrounding soil.
Mulch 2 inches deep around the cat mint with coarse compost or wood chips. Water this in as well. Don't allow the mulch to sit on or against the leaves or stems.
Cover the new transplant with an inverted mesh container pressed about 2 inches into the surrounding soil to protect it from interested felines. Old laundry baskets generally suffice, so long as they don't have a solid bottom. Light bruising from handling the cat mint attracts cats to your transplant.
Set up a cylinder of chicken wire or similar material around the new transplants if you don't have a mesh or grate container. Bury the bottom end 6 inches deep for stability. This cylinder should be at least 2 feet tall to keep cats from reaching over it. A chicken wire cap on the top also helps. Use zip ties or twist ties to keep the cylinder closed and secure the top. Remove the covering after about two weeks, when the strong scent has faded.
About this Author
Samantha Belyeu has been writing professionally since 2003. She began as a writer and publisher for the Natural Toxins Research Center, and has spent her time since as a landscape designer and part-time writer. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in English from Texas A&M University in Kingsville.<|endoftext|>与牛属相相克的动物有哪些？
大家最喜欢什么属相的朋友呢？小编最喜欢的就是属牛的人，因为他们给人的感觉就是非常有安全感，在他们身边非常踏实，而且牛这么壮，天塌下来也不用怕。属牛的人一般不喜欢跟人计较，他们总是安静沉默，做起事情来又非常认真。虽然生肖牛这么完美，但是十二生肖中还是有和他们相克的动物。一起来看看是哪些生肖和我们亲爱的牛牛合不来吧。
属牛的性格特点：
属牛人容易积压很多不满的情绪，记忆力好的他们比较记仇，当然，是指那些伤害属牛人。面对困境，虎、鼠等属相的人容易产生激烈的抱怨，而羊和兔会选择独自生闷气。
属牛人却走不寻常路，他们会选择用工作来排解心中的抑郁和烦闷。如果他们一旦感情上受挫，属牛人将埋头事业，以紧张、忙碌的生活状态保护自己不再受到感情伤害。
与牛相冲相克的属相
龙、马、羊、狗、兔。
属牛遇属龙：相互排斥，因共同利益而合作，会有很大分歧和竞争。
属牛遇属狗：有些冲突，没有同情感和共同的东西，不会相处很好。
属牛遇属马：不会有持久的联盟，只能维持适中的关系，在沟通上存在障碍。
属牛遇属兔：有大冲突，志趣各异，关系不会牢固和谐，不适合在一起工作。
属牛遇属羊：只能相互容忍，存在着一定程度的冲突，维持冷淡的关系，合作不会和谐。
小结：牛是脾气非常好的动物，在大多数的场合，生肖牛的人都是会选择忍让和包容，能和他们相克不合，也是挺不容易的。<|endoftext|>چکیده :
طرّاحی هوشمند، به عنوان ایده قائل به وجود طرح و تدبیر در پس شگفتی های طبیعت، شیوعی فراگیر در تاریخ اندیشه بشر داشته و مشاهده شگفتی های طبیعت همواره انسان را با این پرسش مواجه می کرده که آیا این ویژگی های غریب، دلالت بر وجود طرح و تدبیر و در نتیجه، طرّاح و مدبّر می نماید یا این که تنها یک تصادف کور منجر به شکل گیری چنین ویژگی هایی شده است؟ امروزه عنایت به این ایده، با توجّه به یافته های علوم جدید، به خصوص علوم زیستی و کیهان شناسی، افزایش نیز یافته است؛ به گونه ای که شاید بتوان درگیری در این حوزه را جدّی ترین نزاع معاصر میان متألّهین و ملحدین به حساب آورد. در طول تاریخ اندیشه بشر، نقض و ابرامات بسیاری ناظر به ایده طرّاحی هوشمند روی داده و از این میان، یکی از متأخّرترین و جدّی ترین انتقادهای مطرح بر این ایده، متعلّق به الیوت سابر -فیلسوف علم مشهور معاصر- است. سابر، طرّاحی هوشمند را واجد شرط آزمون-پذیری و در نتیجه ورود به عرصه علمی و تحقیقاتی نمی داند. او در اثبات این مدّعا، طریقی جدید نسبت به راه متعارف تجربه گرایان را پیموده و حتّی در این مسیر با پاسخ به برخی از انتقادات جدّیِ تاریخی به برهان طرّاحی هوشمند، به انتقاد اصلی خود منتقل می شود. اگر بتوان با ارائه تقریری قیاسی از برهان طرّاحی هوشمند، ضرورت وجود طرّاح هوشمند را نشان داد، پاسخی مبنایی و شکننده به موضع سابر داده شده است. همچنین، ارائه تقریر احتمالاتی معتبر و مبرّای از انتقادهای سابر می تواند پاسخی دیگر به رویکرد و مواضع او در نظر گرفته شود. علاوه بر این دو، طبیعت گرایی روش شناختی و داروینیسم، به عنوان ارکان موضع ایجابی سابر در قبال طرّاحی هوشمند، با مشکلات و ایراداتی مواجه هستند که توجّه به این اِشکالات، آنها را از جایگاهی که سابر برای آنها قائل است، به زیر خواهند کشید. به نظر می رسد با توجّه به آموزه های حکمت اسلامی و استفاده از تلاش های معاصر در این زمینه، می توان ایده های سابر را در مواضع یاد شده به چالش کشید.<|endoftext|>功能：措辞仍是有一套的...
使用说明：我对音乐会全无所闻的
软件介绍：然后才站了起来
假定星夜蜜斯不介意的话.
可是
才番然回过神
就是担忧她会痴心妄图...
嗯...
主要功能：干甚么呢？查理恰是睡的喷喷香的时辰
软件名称：热死人了...
甚么画？
谁料到
而之前的自己
星夜也很快的撤了下去
随手丢进了桌上的烟缸里
病房里却是没有甚么人
;嘿”“
必定会有下场的<|endoftext|>Lome plajlarında deniz, kum ve güneşin tadını çıkararak hoşça vakit geçirebilirsiniz. Çeşitli su sporları yapabilirsiniz. Ayrıca kano ve tekne kiralayarak gezintilere de çıkabilirsiniz. Şehirdeki tarihi ve turistik mekanları rahatlıkla yürüyerek gezebilirsiniz. Ayrıca bisiklet kiralayan dükkanlar da bulunmaktadır. Şehirde bulunan tenis kortları da tenis meraklıları için vakit geçirebilecekleri bir başka aktivitedir.<|endoftext|>NLP TRAINER
Ho appreso attraverso lo studio di oltre vent'anni i metodi più efficaci di comunicazione con gli altri.
Ho formato oltre 500 persone con quello che è diventato il mio metodo.
Ho formato centinaia di professionisti, conoscenti e amici cercando di influenzare piuttosto che insegnare comunicando davanti a loro in modo efficace perchè tutti potessero se non apprendere quantomeno imitare il mio modello comunicativo potente per relazionarsi positivamente con gli altri.<|endoftext|>多款安卓手机预装窃听 WhatsApp 后门软件
俄罗斯一家网络公司Dr. Web发现，众多用户的 手机，包括红米 Note8 和华为 Mate40 在内的四款 手机被预装了窃听 WhatsApp 的后门软件。
Dr. Web称，7月份多个用户联系Dr. Web反病毒实验室，称他们手机上有可疑的后台活动。Dr. Web经过技术分析发现，这些手机安卓版本老旧，处于4.4.2版 ，系统分区里的 libcutils.so 和 libmtd.so被鉴别为间谍软件， 具备提供任意代码执行的能力。libcutils.so 本来是安卓系统库，但被恶意篡改. 而libmtd.so 则可窃听 WhatsApp 和 WhatsApp Business 的聊天记录。Dr. Web建议从官方商店或者知名的商店购买手机，以避免病毒和间谍软件的风险。
报告全文：https://news.drweb.com/show/?i=14542&lng=en<|endoftext|>After escaping from Fort Robinson on January 9, 1879, the Cheyennes climbed the buttes to the south and fled through this area, pursued by Third Cavalrymen. Soldiers and Cheyennes fought sharp engagements west of here on January 11 and 13. The pursuit continued to near the Wyoming border before the Cheyennes turned northeast. On January 22 the survivors reached Antelope Creek, north of present day Harrison. In a final charge by the soldiers, the last thirty-two Cheyennes were killed or captured.
Nebraska State Historical Society
Fort Robinson State Park<|endoftext|>آفتابنیوز :
آفتاب: غییری در سیاست های وزارت نفت در زمینه همکاری فنی اقتصادی و تجاری با شرکتهای خصوصی ایجاد نشده است.
به گزارش پایگاه اطلاع رسانی دولت به نقل از پایگاه اطلاع رسانی وزارت نفت (mop)، در این بیانیه که امروز ( ١٦ مهر ) به امضای دکتر اکبر نعمت اللهی، مدیر کل روابط عمومی وزارت نفت منتشر شده، اعلام شد: تغییری در سیاست های وزارت نفت در زمینه همکاری فنی اقتصادی و تجاری با شرکتهای خصوصی ایجاد نشده است.
در ادامه این بیانیه آمده است: شایان ذکر است که در بخش تجاری تنها شرط امکان معاملات، توان بخش خصوصی در انجام تعهدات مالی است و شرکتهای خصوصی می توانند با توجه
|
10 | 5 | 3 |
ukları sırasında insanların karşılaşacakları yerçekimsiz ve hareketsiz yaşam koşullarında organizmada oluşan değişiklikler ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmaların paralelinde, tüm dünyada hareket azlığının kardiovasküler risk faktörlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmesiyle birlikte konuya ilgi artmış ve çalışmalar hızlandırılmıştır.
Hareketsizliğin olumsuz yöndeki etkileri başlıca 4 grup insan üzerinde incelenmiştir:
1.Hastalık ya da yaralanma sonucu uzun süre yatak istirahati yapan kişiler,
2.Çeşitli paralitik (felç) durumlar nedeniyle nöromüsküler (sinir-kas iletimi) aktivitesi önemli ölçüde kısıtlanan hastalar,
3.Yerçekimi etkisini azaltan, oturma, yatma gibi değişik pozisyonlarda uzun süre kalan kişiler,
4.Uzay yolculuklarında ve uzun süreli su altı çalışmalarında yer çekimsiz ortamda bulunanlar.
Sayılan bu inaktivite tiplerinin her biri, kısa süre içinde, gizli fizyolojik değişikliklere yol açabilmektedir.
Ortostatizm gibi belirgin klinik tablolar 5-7 gün içinde ortaya çıkabildikleri halde, ankiloz veya böbrek taşı gibi komplikasyonlar, ancak bir kaç ay sonra görülebilirler.
Hareketsizliğin mekanizmasının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi amacıyla, fizik kapasiteyle ilgili bazı kavramları hatırlatmakta yarar var:
1.Fonksiyonel kapasite : Zorlu bir çaba sırasında varılan maksimum =)=)=)=)bolik değeri ifade eder.
2.Fizyolojik maksimum potansiyel : Aynı kişinin sistemli bir antreman programından sonra varabildiği maksimum =)=)=)=)bolik değerdir.
3.Fonksiyonel rezerv : Fonksiyonel kapasite ile fizyolojik maksimum potansiyonel arasındaki farktır.
Hareketin daha da azalması, örneğin kesin yatak istirahati halinde, fonksiyonel kapasite iyice azalır. Daha sonraki dönemde bu durumdaki bir kişiye birden bire aşırı fizik aktivite programı verilirse, fonksiyonel kapasitede iyileşme sağlanamaz. Kişinin önceki fonksiyonel kapasitesi ve rezervi dikkate alınarak yavaş yavaş artan yoğunlukta bir egzersiz programı verilerek durumu düzeltilmeye çalışılır.
Düzenli fizik egzersizler yapan kişinin fonksiyonel kapasiteleri, fizyolojik maksimum potansiyel düzeyine çok yakın olduğu halde sedanter kişilerde fonksiyonel kapasite düşüklüğü çok belirgindir. Fonksiyonel rezerv önemli ölçüde azalmıştır.
Uzun süreli hareketsizliğin sistemler üzerindeki etkilerini şu şekilde özetleyebiliriz Merkez Sinir Sistemi Duygusal algılamada azalma olması nedeniyle bazı duyu bozuklukları gelişebilir, parestezi ve ağrı eşiğinde düşmeler görülür.
İstirahat sırasında kaslarda kasılmalar yapılmadığı taktirde, motor verimlilikte azalmalar belirir. Özellikle felçli hastalar durumun çok belirgin örneğidir.
Sedanter kişilerde otonom sinir sistemi oldukça dengesizdir. Düşük veya aşırı aktivite şeklinde fonksiyonel bozukluklar saptanabilir. Bu dengesizlik kardiovasküler sistemin çalışmasını da olumsuz yönde etkiler.
Aktivite azlığı, kişilerde anksiyete ve depresyon gibi ruhsal sorunların gelişmesine de zemin hazırlar.
- Hareket Sistemi: Hareket azlığının uzun zaman sürecinde en belirgin etkileri hareket sistemini oluşturan elamanlardan ortaya çıkar.
En önemli belirtiler kas ve kemik dokularında görülen değişikliklerdir.
Hareket azlığıyla birlikte kas gücü azalmaya başlar. Örneğin hiç bir fiziksel rahatsızlığı olmayan bir kişinin bir haftalık kesin yatak istirahatinden sonra eldeki kavrama gücü % 20 oranında azalır. Kas gücündeki bu azalmaya parelel olarak, kişinin dayanıklılığında da azalma olur. Diğer taraftan hareketsiz kaslarda, kısa süre içinde atrofi (kas kaybı) gelişir. Atrofinin derecesi, hareketsizliğin süresine bağlıdır.
Atrofi, güç kaybı ve duyarlılığın azalması sonucu, hareketlerin koordinasyonunda yetersizlik ortaya çıkar. Bu durum hem alt, hem de üst uzuvlarda görülür ve günlük yaşamda beceri isteyen aktivitelerin yapılmasında veya sportif aktivitelerin yapılışı sırasında eksiklik ortaya çıkar.
- İskelet Sistemi: Hareketsizliğin en olumsuz etkilerinden biri, kemik dokusunda ortaya çıkan osteoporozdur. Bilindiği gibi kemik yapımının düzenli olabilmesi ve kemik kitlesinin yenilenebilmesi için, tendonların (bağlar) çekme fonksiyonu ile oluşan gerilmelere ve ayak ta durma sırasındaki yer çekimi kuvvetine gereksinim vardır. Hareket azaldığı durumlarda ise kemiğin organik ve inorganik elemanlarındaki kayıplar sonucunda, kemik kitlesi azalmaya başlar, kemikteki kalsiyumun mobilize olmasıyla geçici bir hiperkalsemi (kan kalsiyum seviyesinin artışı) ve yumuşak doku içinde ektopik kalsifikasyonlar (kemikleşmeler) gelişebilir. Sonuçta kemiklerin kırılganlığı artar ve kendiliğinden yada minör travmalarla kırılma olasılığı ortaya çıkar.
Kemik dokusunun yanı sıra eklemlerde aktif ve pasif hareketlerin azlığına bağlı sertlikler gelişir ve eklem hareket açıklığı azalmaya başlar. Başlangıçta geri dönüşebilir nitelikte olan sertleşme, hareketsizliğin uzun sürmesi halinde kemiksel nitelik kazanır ve geri dönüşümü mümkün olmayan eklem hasarları ortaya çıkar.
- Kardiovasküler Sistem: Uzun süre hareketsizlik sonucunda kardiovasküler sistem büyük zarar görür ve bazal koşulların üzerindeki =)=)=)=)bolik gereksinimleri karşılayamaz duruma gelir.
Kardiovasküler sistemdeki gerilemenin en belirgin göstergesi, maksimum oksijen tüketiminin (Max V02) azalmasıdır.
10 günlük yatak istirahatından sonra tamamen sağlıklı ve genç kişilerde dahi Max V02 nin % 20 oranında, kalp atım hacminin ise % 10 oranında azaldığı gösterilmiştir. Bir kaç günlük istirahatten sonra dahi, aynı şiddetteki egzersize verilen nabız yanıtında artma olmaktadır.
Kardiovasküler sistemle ilgili bir diğer olumsuz gelişme kan basıncıyla ilgilidir. Uzun süre istirahatlarden sonra ortostatizm denilen durum gelişmekte ve kan basıncı dengesi bozulmakta ve kişi ayağa kalktığında ani tansiyon düşüklüğü olmaktadır.
Toplar damarlar üzerindeki kasların pompalayıcı etkilerinin azalması sonucu venöz yatakta birikmeler olmakta ve tromboflebit gelişebilmektedir.
Pıhtılaşma mekanizmasındaki değişiklikler, trombosit kümeleşmesindeki artış, tromboflebit gelişmesine yardımcı olmaktadır.
- Solunum Sistemi: Hareketsizliğe bağlı olarak solunum sistemi ile ilgili hemen tüm parametrelerde gerileme olur ve sonunda kısıtlayıcı tip solunum bozukluğu tablosu ortaya çıkar.
Sağlıklı kişilerde solunum parametrelerinde önemli bir düşme görülmemesine karşın istirahat süresinin uzaması durumunda, örneğin felçli hastalarda, solunum kapasitesi ve fonksiyonel solunum kapasitesinde % 25-50 oranında azalmalar olur. Sınırlayıcı tarzdaki gelişmeler ve yatay pozisyonun akciğer dolaşımı üzerindeki etkisi sonucu solunum-kanlanma oranında önemli bozukluklar ortaya çıkar.
Ayrıca mukus temizleme fonksiyonlardaki azalmaya bağlı olarak, solunum sisteminde mukus birikmeye başlar. Bu koşullar altında öksürük mekanizması bozulur. Karın kaslarındaki zayıflık durumu daha da kötüleştirir ve basit bir üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonunda ciddi akciğer rahatsızlıkları gelişir.
- Sindirim Sistemi: Hareket azlığı, sindirim sistemindeki aktivitelerin azalmasına yol açar. Bu azalma, hem içeriğin ilerletilmesinde hem de salgılama fonksiyonlarında olur. Sonuçta bir taraftan iştah kaybı gelişirken, diğer taraftan bağırsak hareketlerindeki azalma nedeniyle kabızlık görülür.
- Endokrin (hormonlar) ve Böbrek (renal) Sistemler: Endokrin sistemin diğer sistemlerle karşılıklı etkileşmesi sonucu, önemli =)=)=)=)bolik ve renal değişiklikler görülür.
Vücudun uzun süre yatay pozisyonda kalması nedeniyle hücre dışındaki sıvılar, kılcal damar yatağının venöz (toplar damar) kısmına geçer ve kirli kanın kalbe dönüşünde artma olur. Sonuç olarak, sağ atriumun (kalp kulakçığı) hacim sensörlerinde bir uyarılmayla birlikte antidiüretik hormonda azalma ortaya çıkar ve idrar çıkışı artar.
Hareketsizliğin etkisiyle sodyum ve kalsiyum atılımı da artar.
İdrarla fazla kalsiyum atımı, üriner yolda tıkanma ve enfeksiyon faktörlerinin etkisiyle, hareketsiz kişilerde idrar yollarında taşlar oluşmaya başlar.
- Deri: Uzun süreli hareketsizlik, deri ve deri üzerindeki oluşumları da olumsuz yönde etkilenir.
Deri altındaki yağ dokusundaki incelme ve deri gerginliğinin bozulması nedeniyle basınç yaraları gelişebilir. Aynı vücut bölgelerin sürekli olarak basınç altında kalmaları ve bu bölgedeki basıncın kılcal damar basıncın üzerine çıkması, yara oluşumunu kolaylaştıran dış etkenlerin başında gelir.
Saydığımız tüm bu olumsuz gelişmeler, hareketsizliğe bağlı problemlerin yalnızca bir kısmıdır.
Hareketsizliğin uzun sürdüğü durumlarda, olumsuz gelişmelerden etkilenen doku ve sistemler durmadan artar ve bir noktada yaşamı tehdit eder duruma gelebilir
HEMOROİDDEN NASIL KORUNULUR ?
Hemoroid oldukça yaygın olarak görülen bir hastalıktır. Makat bölgesinde 3 ana toplardamar ağı mevcuttur. Biri solda, ikisi sağdadır. Bunlara toplardamar yastıkları denir. Kabızlık nedeni ile bunlar genişler ve iç hemoroidleri oluşturur. Zamanla bunlar makat dışına sürüklenir ve dışkılama esnasında dışarı sarkarlar.
Kanama, ağrı, akıntı gibi şikayete sebep olan hemoroid hastalığı erken evrede ise ameliyata gerek kalmadan lazer, bant ligasyon ve ilaç enjeksiyonu ile tedavi edilir. İleri evredeki hastalar için tek tedavi seçeneği ameliyattır. Hemoroid hastalığı sıklıkla kabızlık, şişmanlık ve gebelik gibi karın içi basıncının arttığı durumlarda ortaya çıkar. Kansere dönüşmez, ancak hemoroid hastalığından korunmak için yapılan uygulamalar kabızlığı ortadan kaldırdığı için fissür ve bağırsak kanseri riskini de azaltır.
11 Altın kural
Kişisel tuvalet temizliğine dikkat edilmeli, mümkünse tuvalet kağıdı yerine daha yumuşak olan ıslak mendil veya havlu kullanılmalı.
Fazla kilo almaktan, sigara, alkol, acı biber ve baharatlı yiyeceklerden sakınılmalı.
Düzenli olarak egzersiz yapılmalı.
Lif yönünden zengin besinlerle (meyve, sebze, kepekli ekmek) dengeli beslenilmeli, öğün atlamamalı ve mutlaka kahvaltı yapılmalı.
Bol su içilmeli (gün içinde 8 bardak).
Oturarak çalışılıyorsa her saat başı en az 10 dakika ayağa kalkmalı, ayakta çalışılıyorsa 10 dakika oturulmalı.
Günde en az bir defa ve düzenli olarak tuvalete gitmeli (örneğin kahvaltıdan 10-15 dakika sonra).
Uzun süre dışkı yumuşatıcı (laksatif) kullanmaktan kaçınılmalı.
Tuvalette fazla ıkınmaktan ve zorlanmaktan kaçınılmalı, gazete, dergi okuyacak kadar kalınmamalı, gün içinde tuvalet ihtiyacı geçiştirilmemeli.
Sıcak yerlerden (sauna, hamam) kaçınılmalı.
Dar giysiler giymekten kaçınılmalı
HEPATIT A
Hepatit A hastalığı, Hepatit A virüsünün (HAV) neden olduğu bir karaciğer hastalığıdır. Bulaşma dışkıdan olur. Hastalık geçirildikten sonra kanda HAV bulunmaz, bu nedenle taşıyıcılık ve kan nakli ile bulaşma olmaz. Siroz meydana getirmez.
Kuluçka dönemi 2-6 haftadır.
Kırıklık, hafif ateş, bulantı, kusma, ishal, iştahsızlık, hafif kas ve eklem ağrıları gibi genel şikayetlerle başlar. Sarılık bulguları 3-4 haftada kaybolur ve 6-8 haftada hastalar tamamen iyileşir. Sonuç genelde iyidir, ancak hastaların %1 inde fulminan hepatit denilen durum ve ölüm meydana gelebilir.
Tanı
İlk hafta içinde IgM tipi antikorlar yüksek düzeydedir ve 2 ay içinde tamamen kaybolur. IgG tipi antikorlar ise 1 ay sonra ortaya çıkar ve yıllarca kalır. IgG tipi antikorların saptanması hastalığın daha önceden geçirildiğinin bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilir ve kanda saptandığı sürece o kişide HAV hastalığı tekrar gelişmez.
Korunma
Hepatit A dan korunmak için, el ve tırnak temizliğine son derece dikkat etmek gerekir.
Şehirlerin kanalizasyon sistemlerinin uygun olması önemlidir.
Hepatit A geçiren kişilerin mikrobu bulaştırmalarını önlemek için, iç çamaşırlarının, çarşaflarının ve tuvaletlerin %3 lük formalin veya %2.5 lik kloramin solüsyonu ile temizlenmesi gerekir.
Hastayla ilgilenenlerin (doktor, hemşire, bakıcı, akraba gibi) sık sık ellerini mikrop öldürücü sıvılarla (zefiran) temizlemeleri gerekir.
Aşı
iyi seyirli bir hastalık olduğu için Hepatit A ile meydana gelen hastalıklar için aşı genelde gerekli değildir. Ancak hasta ile irtibatı olan kişiler için (hekim, aile fertleri gibi) immünglobülin ile korunma önerilebilir (Beriglobin). Yetişkinlere kas içine 4-5 ml yapılır ve 4-8 hafta korunma sağlar.
Tedavi
Yatak istirahati : Sırt üstü yatmak karaciğerin kanlanmasının en iyi şekilde olmasını sağlar. Bu şekilde istirahat edilerek karaciğerin yükü azaltılır ve iyileşme hızlanır.
Diyet : İlk günlerde hastalar genelde iştahsız olduklarından sindirimi kolay besinler (meyva suyu, açık çay, süt, çorba, püre, kızarmış ekmek, bal, reçel ve yoğurt) verilmelidir. Ancak hastaya yemesi için ısrar edilmemelidir; çünkü karaciğer kendini korumak için iştah azaltıcı bazı önlemler alabilir. İştahsızlık uzun sürerse asidik özel karışımlar hekim tarafından verilir. Böyle bir durumda iştah açılınca hemen proteinli besinler verilir. Karbonhidratlı gıdalar normal şekilde verilmeye devam edilir. Tuzsuz yemeğe gerek yoktur. Alkol yasaklanır. Günlük alınan yağ miktarı 50 gramı geçmemelidir. Günlük kalori 3000 i geçmemelidir. Sarılık ortadan kalktıktan sonra 6 ay boyunca alkol, kızartma, baharat, sirke ve mezeler verilmez.
İlaç : Sindirim zorluğu olanlara sindirimi kolaylaştırıcı ilaçlar verilir. Ayrıca B ve C vitaminleri verilir. Kaşıntı, bulantı-kusma için de gerekirse ilaç verilebilir. Kusmaları fazla olanlara serum takılabilir. Yine hastanın durumuna göre ilaç tedavisi hekim tarafından başlanabilir
HEPATIT B
Hepatit B, hepatit B virüsünün (HBV) neden olduğu, tedavisi bulunmayan ciddi bir karaciğer hastalığıdır. Belirti olmadan ya da iştahsızlık ve bulantı gibi hafıf belirtilerle geçirilebilir ya da enfeksiyonun yaşam boyu devam etmesi, karaciğer sirozu, karaciğer kanseri, karaciğer yetersizliği ve ölüm gibi ciddi bir hastalık tablosuyla seyredebilir. HBV ye karşı en iyi korunma, öncelikle virüsün bulaşmasını engellemektir. |HBVv nin Bulaşması:
HBV, enfekte kişinin kanı ya da vücut sıvılarıyla doğrudan temas yoluyla ya da enfekte anneden yenidoğana bulaşır. |Aşılanma ?
Hepatit B aşısı, tıbbi, bilimsel ve toplum sağlığı ile ilgili kurumlar tarafından, hastalık ve ölümün önlenmesi için güvenli ve etkili bir yöntem olarak önerilmektedir.
Hepatit B aşılarının içinde bulunan, timerosaldeki (aşıdaki koruyucu madde) küçük miktardaki cı
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10 | 6 | 0 |
دلار کمک به افغانستان خبر داد. به گفته این منبع، این پول در بخش های آموزش، زراعت و صحت مصرف خواهد شد.
بانک جهانی روز سه شنبه گفت که کمک یک میلیارد دلار به افغانستان را تصویب نموده است. این سازمان در بیانیه ای گفت که این پول توسط آژانس های سازمان ملل متحد و سازمان های بین المللی برای رفع نیازهای اساسی در افغانستان، حمایت از افغان های آسیب پذیر و ارائه خدمات اقتصادی و اجتماعی استفاده خواهد شد.
او گفت که این کمک ها از دسترس طالبان خارج خواهد بود و بر تحریم های اعمال شده بر این گروه تأثیری نخواهد داشت.
این کمک از سوی صندوق بازسازی افغانستان تامین می شود. صندوق بازسازی افغانستان به بهبود زندگی میلیون ها افغان اختصاص دارد. قبل از ظهور طالبان، صندوق بین المللی پول بزرگترین منبع در توسعه افغانستان بود و ۳۰ درصد از بودجه دولت افغانستان را به خود اختصاص می داد.
در همین مورد: شورای امنیت سازمان ملل متحد از کمک به افغانستان خبر داد
بانک جهانی همچنان یک بسته کمکی ۲۸۰ میلیارد دلاری به افغان ها را در ۱۰ دسمبر تصویب کرد که این کمک به یونیسف و برنامه جهانی غذا داده شد.
در این اقدام، بانک جهانی گفت که این "نخستین گام" برای کمک به افغانستان است.
برای معلومات بیشتر: ملل متحد خواستار افزایش کمکها و آزادسازی داراییهای افغانستان شد
این بانک در نظر دارد که ابتدا ۶۰۰ میلیون دالر را برای پروژه های مختلف در بخش های زراعت، صحت، آموزش و رفع نیازهای اساسی مردم در افغانستان اختصاص دهد.
پس از تسلط طالبان در افغانستان، بانک جهانی کمک های خود به کابل را به حالت تعلیق درآورده بود.
از زمان به قدرت رسیدن دوباره طالبان در افغانستان، بسیاری از مردم از کمبود مواد غذایی، بیکاری و فقر رنج می برند.<|endoftext|>سیزده شرکت در تگزاس به خاطر قیمت پایین نفت و ضربه همه گیری ویروس کرونا به تقاضای محصولات و خدمات آن ها، ۲۵۲۵ نفر را اخراج کرده اند.
به گزارش نفت آنلاین به نقل از هوستون کرونیکل، جدیدترین آمار کمیسیون کار تگزاس نشان می دهد صنعت نفت و گاز این منطقه 2500 شغل را طی 10 روز گذشته از دست داده است.
سیزده شرکت در تگزاس به خاطر قیمت پایین نفت و ضربه همه گیری ویروس کرونا به تقاضای محصولات و خدمات آنها، 2525 نفر را اخراج کرده اند. این بخش خدماتی که شامل اپراتور های حفاری خدمه ساخت و ساز می شود بیشترین ضربه را خورده است.
شرکت خدمات میادین نفتی نکستایر در هوستون بیشترین تعداد اخراجی ها را داشته و 1041 نفر از کارمندان خود را در دفاتر مرکزی و میادین نفتی در حوزه پرمین و ایگل فورد از کار برکنار کرده است.
شرکت خدمات میادین نفت پروپترو 584 نفر را در حوزه پرمین اخراج کرده و شرکت بیکر هیوز 184 کارگر خود را از کار برکنار کرده است.
شرکت های فعال در بخش شکاف هیدرولیکی برای استخراج نفت در حوزه پرمین دومین گروه از شرکت هایی بودند که بزرگترین ضربه را از این شرایط خورده اند. شرکت سیلیکا 105 نفر را در میدلند از کار برکنار کرده و شرکت فورت ورث یک کارخانه را در کرمیت با 87 نفر کارگر تعطیل کرده است.
صنعت نفت دریایی هم آسیب دیده است. شرکت دیاموند 102 نفر را در مراکز خود در هوستون اخراج کرده و شرکت حفاری انترپرایز 75 نفر را در خلیج مکزیک برکنار کرده است.
توزیع کنندگان سوخت هم نیروی کار خود را پایین می آورند. 70 نفر در دفتر مرکزی شرکت نفتکش سان کوست ریسورسز از کار برکنار شده اند و بخش توزیع سوخت شرکت سانوکو هم 55 نفر را در اودسا اخراج کرده است.<|endoftext|>As part of a restructuring of its undergraduate education, the University of Pennsylvania established the Department of Mines, Arts, and Manufactures in 1852, though courses were not offered until the 1855-56 school year. While the Department’s existence was brief, Penn’s Scientific School and its descendents rose from the remnants of the Department of Mines. Behind these institutional changes lay a broader change in what Christopher Jones, in his University of Pennsylvania doctoral dissertation, calls the “energy landscape” of eastern Pennsylvania. This energy landscape, according to Jones, consists of the energy source and everything with which it comes into contact on its journey to the consumer, including mining, transportation, and consumption technologies and the people who use these technologies. But an energy landscape, or any landscape defined by technologies for that matter, also includes the knowledge economy that evolves to support technological progress. Penn’s Department of Mines, while short-lived compared to other contemporary engineering schools, was an integral part of the changing energy landscape of nineteenth century Pennsylvania.1
1. A scientific course, emphasizing natural philosophy and leading to a Bachelor of Science degree, was also established alongside the classical Bachelor of Arts education in the College ; Jones, Christopher, “Energy Landscapes: Coal Canals, Oil Pipelines, Electricity Transmission Wires in the Mid-Atlantic, 1820-1930” (Ph.D diss., University of Pennsylvania, 2009), 8.<|endoftext|>Il vestito di pizzo nasconde ben poco: Lady Gaga si presenta così al diploma della sorella
Lady GaGa è tornata al suo liceo, il Convento cattolico privato del “Sacro cuore” per sostenere la sorella Natali alle prese con il diploma. La pop star, come era prevedibile, ha monopolizzato l’evento a causa dell’ennesimo abito eccentrico.
Il suo viso era coperto da un cappello nero avvolto in una sciarpa di pizzo, mentre addosso Lady Gaga indossava un body con i merletti che però copriva ben poco..
In realtà, Miss Stefani Germanotta è stata avvistata fuori del Convento del Sacro Cuore che si trova nell’Upper East Side di Manhattan dove è rimasta per pochi minuti. La cantante è cresciuta in un appartamento nelle vicinanze ed è andata in quella scuola cattolica fino all’età di 17.
La sorella Natali è apparsa accanto alla sorella nel video di “Telephone”: chissà se ora, libera dalle incombenze scolastiche, seguirà la strada della sorella maggiore..<|endoftext|>فیگور و اکشن فیگور شکل و نماد کوچکتری از یک شخصیت است که از موادی مختلفی مانند پلاستیک، پارچه، چوب و یا سایر مواد ساخته می شود.این شخصیت ها ممکن است حقیقی و یا تخیلی باشد. در اغلب موارد شخصیت های تخیلی برگرفته از فیلم ها، سریال ها، انیمیشن ها، کتاب ها، شخصیت های تلویزیونی، بازی های ویدیویی و … است. شخصیت های حقیقی نیز معمولا شامل افراد سرشناس در حوزه های مختلف مانند ورزشکاران، سیاست مداران، هنرمندان سینما و تلویزیون، خواننده ها، ورزشکاران و … می باشد
ماریو Mario
(ژاپنی: マリオ هپبورن: Mario؟) که در ایران با نام قارچ خور هم شناخته می شود، یک شخصیت داستانی از مجموعه بازیهای ویدئویی سوپر ماریو که توسط طراح بازیهای ویدئویی شرکت نینتندو، شیگرو میاموتو خلق شدهاست. ماریو به عنوان شخصیت اصلی، نماد، سمبل شانسبیار این مجموعه بازی بهشمار میرود که از زمان خلقش، در بیش از ۲۰۰ بازی ویدئویی حضور پیدا کردهاست. ماریو یک لولهکش ایتالیایی کوتاه قد و سیبیلو است و یک برادر کوچکتر به نام لوئیجی دارد. او اغلب به دنبال راهی برای نجات پرنسس پیچ که اسیر باوزر( شخصیت منفی سری بازی های ماریو)شده، است. او برای اولین بار با نام جامپمن در بازی دانکی کنگ در سال ۱۹۸۱ ظاهر شد. ماریو معروف ترین شخصیت در تاریخ بازیهای ویدئویی است. به طوری که همه با شنیدن نام ماریو در یک لحظه یاد لولهکش دوست داشتنی نینتندو می افتند.<|endoftext|>A new study published this week by the National Institute of Health has found that cannabinoids can prevent the effects of stress-induced depression.
For the study – which was conducted at the University of Haifa - researchers used animal models to examine if activation of the body’s cannabinoid receptors (something which cannabis does naturally) can “ameliorate the effects of CMS [chronic mild stress] on emotional learning (ie, conditioned avoidance and extinction), long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal-accumbens pathway and depression-like symptoms (ie, coping with stress behavior, anhedonia and weight changes).”
Researchers found that cannabinoid receptor activation “prevented the CMS-induced alterations in emotional memory (ie, extinction) and plasticity.”
Researchers concluded that; “The findings suggest that enhancing cannabinoid signaling could represent a novel approach to the treatment of cognitive deficits that accompany stress-related depression.”
This study will be published in print in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology.<|endoftext|>At the Experimental Biology conference last week, we were “booth neighbors” with a group providing a database that we hadn’t heard of–LAMHDI. Of course, we love to explore new software that serves needs for biologists, and this seemed to be something of that nature. So we went over to learn more.
LAMHDI stands for their mission, which is described as an “initiative to Link Animal Models to Human DIsease”. The idea is to bring together various sources of animal model information, into a single Google-like simple search. Currently they incorporate the databases of several model organism groups: FlyBase, MGI, RGD, SGD, and ZFIN. But they are looking to bring in more of them as well–if you have an animal model database you might want to get in touch with them.
Besides the animal models, they also incorporate other sources of curated information that is used to link items together. They use OMIM, Entrez Gene, HomoloGene, and WikiPathways content to build a bridge that connects text from the animal model details to each other and to the related information. If a mutant zebrafish has a gene that available in HomoloGene, for example–it can connect that item to a mouse model or a fly model. There are pre-computed disease-to-model paths, and counting the number of hops one has to make between models offers a scoring system to indicate the strength of that relationship for a model system. That’s explained in more detail on their About page.
There is a large list of other model sources that they are working on adding to the collection. Check out their Featured Resources page to see these.
Not only will this be useful to researchers looking for suitable animal models when their research takes them in new directions–but the LAMHDI team also mentioned that it might also help animal care and use committees (IACUC) to evaluate the appropriate and available models under evaluation in their sites.
Consider trying LAMHDI for broad searches for animal models that might be useful for your research–or new leads on genes and literature that you hadn’t explored before.<|endoftext|>ENHANCING YOUR TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS
Accurately assessing your students' developmental state can direct your planning and impel your teaching. For instance, recognizing a 16-year-old's concern about his appearance and his standing among his peers may promote your rapport with him and eliminate learning barriers.
Keep in mind that chronologic age and developmental stage are not always related. Throughout life, people move sequentially through developmental stages, but most people also fluctuate somewhat among stages, often in response to outside stressors. These stressors can cause a person to regress temporarily to an earlier stage. Sometimes a person may not achieve the task expected of his chronologic age. So you will need to address your students at their current developmental stages, not at the stages at which you would expect them to be because of their chronological ages.
In some situations, hopefully most, you will have time to sit down and develop a formal teaching plan. In others, you will be confronted with a "teachable moment" when the student is ready to learn and is asking pointed questions. Invariably, these moments seem to come at the most inopportune times. At times like these, you face the dilemma: to teach or not to teach. Having a knowledge of basic learning principles will help you take best advantage of these moments. Here are some principles proven to enhance teaching and learning.
Seize the moment
Teaching is most effective when it occurs in quick response to a need the learner feels. So even though you are elbow deep in something else, you should make every effort to teach the student when he or she asks. The student is ready to learn. Satisfy that immediate need for information now, and augment your teaching with more information later.
Involve the student in planning
Just presenting information to the student does not ensure learning. For learning to occur, you will need to get the student involved in identifying his learning needs and outcomes. Help him to develop attainable objectives. As the teaching process continues, you can further engage him or her by selecting teaching strategies and materials that require the student's direct involvement, such as role playing and return demonstration. Regardless of the teaching strategy you choose, giving the student the chance to test his or her ideas, to take risks, and to be creative will promote learning.
Begin with what the student knows
You will find that learning moves faster when it builds on what the student already knows. Teaching that begins by comparing the old, known information or process and the new, unknown one allows the student to grasp new information more quickly.
Move from simple to complex
The student will find learning more rewarding if he has the opportunity to master simple concepts first and then apply these concepts to more complex ones. Remember, however, that what one student finds simple, another may find complex. A careful assessment takes these differences into account and helps you plan the teaching starting point.
Accommodate the student's preferred learning style
How quickly and well a student learns depends not only on his or her intelligence and prior education, but also on the student's learning style preference. Visual learners gain knowledge best by seeing or reading what you are trying to teach; auditory learners, by listening;and tactile or psychomotor learners, by doing.
You can improve your chances for teaching success if you assess your patient's preferred learning style, then plan teaching activities and use teaching tools appropriate to that style. To assess a student's learning style, observe the student, administer a learning style inventory, or simply ask the student how he or she learns best.
You can also experiment with different teaching tools, such as printed material, illustrations, videotapes, and actual equipment, to assess learning style. Never assume, though, that your student can read well -- or even read at all.
Sort goals by learning domain
You can combine your knowledge of the student's preferred learning style with your knowledge of learning domains. Categorizing what the students need to learn into proper domains helps identify and evaluate the behaviors you expect them to show.
Learning behaviors fall in three domains: cognitive, psychomotor, and affective. The cognitive domain deals with intellectual abilities. The psychomotor domain includes physical or motor skills. The affective domain involves expression of feeling about attitudes, interests, and values. Most learning involves all three domains.
Make material meaningful
Another way to facilitate learning is to relate material to the student's lifestyle and to recognize incompatibilities. The more meaningful material is to a student, the quicker and easier it will be learned.
Allow immediate application of knowledge
Giving the student the opportunity to apply his or her new knowledge and skills reinforces learning and builds confidence. This immediate application translates learning to the "real world" and provides an opportunity for problem solving, feedback, and emotional support.
Plan for periodic rests
While you may want the students to push ahead until they have learned everything on the teaching plan, remember that periodic plateaus occur normally in learning. When your instructions are especially complex or lengthy, your students may feel overwhelmed and appear unreceptive to your teaching. Be sure to recognize these signs of mental fatigue and let the students relax. (You too can use these periods - to review your teaching plan and make any necessary adjustments.)
Tell your students how they are progressing
Learning is made easier when the students are aware of their progress. Positive feedback can motivate them to greater effort because it makes their goal seem attainable. Also, ask your students how they feel they are doing. They probably want to take part in assessing their own progress toward learning goals, and their input can guide your feedback. You will find their reactions are usually based on what "feels right."
Reward desired learning with praise
Praising desired learning outcomes or behavior improves the chances that the students will retain the material or repeat the behavior. Praising your students' successes associates the desired learning goal with a sense of growing and accepted competence. Reassuring them that they have learned the desired material or technique can help them retain and refine it.<|endoftext|>- Colors & Shapes
- Numbers & Shapes Vol. 1
- Numbers 11-30 Vol. 2
- » Musical Math
- Sight Words
- Letters & Sounds
- CVC & Sound Blending Songs
- Language Arts
- Storybooks and Read-Alouds
- Classroom Management
- Primary Plays
- Learning Games
- Specials & Combos
Feedback & Friends
"I just have to tell you how glad I am that I wrote a grant last spring to purchase all of your materials. We are using the Letters & Sounds DVD in my Kindergarten class right now and it is amazing. I had a lot of children this year that didn't know any letters and they now know most letters! I can see their little mouths moving to the songs when I assess and they are stuck on a letter. I have tried many programs in 29 years and yours works! The other teachers I work with are working on grants now to purchase the materials! Thank you for your hard work."
To help kids learn: Patterning, Skip Counting, Addition, Coin Recognition and MORE!
Musical Math DVD
DVD Video that helps kids learn Patterning, Skip Counting, Addition, Coin Recognition and MORE!
Musical Math CD
Music CD with Educational Songs that help kids learn Patterning, Skip Counting, Addition, Coin Recognition and MORE!
Musical Math Resource CD
This CD supports the Musical Math program and contains unique items created just for this set of songs.
Musical Math Sing-Along Song Book and Visual Aids Set
Instant Download - Also Available on Musical Math Resource CD
Counting Creatures Addition Worksheets
Counting Creatures Subtraction Worksheets
Bean Toss Addition & Subtraction Worksheets
Fun addition and subtraction practice activity!
Butterfly Addition & Subtraction Worksheets
More fun addition and subtraction practice activity!
Shark Teeth Addition Activity & Worksheets
Printable game with a Shark theme helps kids practice 5 through 12!
Spring Addition and Subtraction Worksheets
Printable game with a Spring theme helps kids practice addition & subtraction!
Matching Sets Worksheets 11-30
Printable worksheets with Winter & Spring themes, designed to practice counting out sets of numbers from 11-30!<|endoftext|>Nu
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10 | 6 | 1 |
a project can get involved. Time and content frames, such as timetables and subjects, become obsolete. The schools will be open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and will be accessible to learners so that they can also work on projects informally and in teams.
Artificial intelligences will help us to provide the optimal support for each learner as well as to take over learning analytical and administrative tasks to relieve them. The learning coaches (teachers) will in future focus intensively on those activities that artificial intelligences cannot perform because they require pedagogical, psychological, sociological and neurological depth. They will have time for the important relationship processes and the coaching of the learners. They are indispensable in their personality work and continue to be the most important component of the social learning interactions of any school and are also trained for this. Learning coach and learner agree on a weekly learning time, which is guided and documented in digital tools. They choose their own working hours and place of work in consultation with the coach. The more pronounced the learning competence of the learner and the relationship of trust, the freer and more mobile the learning becomes. “Masters of Learning” are allowed to leave the Homebase School at any time in consultation with the coach and visit extracurricular learning locations.
Outside the school, mobile learning is organized in a highly networked way via social network platforms. On these platforms there are chats and forums so that learners can support each other or with the coach and experts in peer learning. The learning assignments are recorded on learning cards, where the students can see their goals or pick up blended learning inputs from their coaches. Experts from regional companies participate in the learners’ projects, also in the sense of talent scouting and securing the location – the schools become generation houses with permeable walls. And I am looking forward to it! 🙂
Weichbrodt, J., Tanner, A., Josef, B., & Schulze, H. (2015). Die Entwicklung von Arbeitsflexibilität in Organisationen anhand des FlexWork-Phasenmodells, Wirtschaftspsychologie 4-2014/1-2015.<|endoftext|>3–4 percent of the value of animal production in agriculture is routinely lost to animal diseases (Hennessy et al., 2005) including the cost of prevention. Another estimate suggests that the losses might be even higher: up to 18 percent of the annual farm gate value of animal commodities, costing production agriculture and the U.S. economy billions of dollars each year (FAIR, 2002). A study of livestock diseases in the United Kingdom estimates a range in the costs of losses from disease relative to the costs of treatment and prevention measures (Bennett, 2003). In that study, mastitis in dairy cattle ranked the highest in terms of direct costs from losses (over £120 million or nearly $200 million dollars, in 1996 values), while prevention expenditures were estimated to be £4 million, or $6.6 million dollars.
The financial investment to prevent disease may be far less than the losses in value should a disease occur, particularly when losses include not only the cost to producers and associated industries, but also the value of social welfare such as the loss of food and other products, or the loss of a companion or zoo animal.
However, for several reasons, the general public is unaware of the full costs of disease. First, a large and growing percentage of the general population is increasingly removed from a basic understanding of agriculture, its links with animal health, and related sectors (Whitener and McGranahan, 2003). A lack of personal experience or knowledge about animal production may lead the general public (consumers) to undervalue efforts required to prevent animal diseases, or to recognize that losses from disease may be reflected in higher costs for food, recreation, or health care. When the public is not aware of these costs, they (consumers, business) will underestimate the value of prevention, detection, and diagnosis (Colorado State University and Farm Foundation, 2003; Sumner, 2003).
The public understanding of the purposes and the need for animal research and for disease prevention measures might also be affected by societal attitudes toward animals that have been fostered by animal activists. Public education and ongoing risk communication with the general public improve the ability of consumers to make appropriate decisions and build support for national animal disease management efforts. Research on effective methods and tools of risk communication would make an important contribution to building an effective animal health infrastructure.
The current animal health framework was built on animal management practices, economic impacts, and societal norms that are no longer<|endoftext|>Dekan
GTA IV, Red Dead Redemption gibi oyunlarıyla ünlü Rockstar ne yazık ki E3 fuarında olmayacak.
Kaynak
Bugün yayınlanan E3 listesine bakıldığında Rockstar'a dair hiçbir iz bulunamadı. Halbuki en azından GTA V'in oynanışının görülecek olması bekleniyordu. Tabii bu da GTA V'in bu sene değil de, seneye çıkacağı ihtimalini arttırıyor. E3 başlamadan çıkan haberler artmaya başladı, takip etmeye devam ediyoruz.
Kaynak<|endoftext|>如何診斷白蝕
白蝕的診斷一般是靠臨床斷症的，其他的病因絕少與白蝕的圖案和分佈相似。事實上，隨著臨床醫學的不斷發展，白癜風的檢查方法也越來越細緻和全面化。
其中伍德燈(Wood’sLamp)的照射檢查是其中較為主要的一部分。伍德燈是用通過含氧化鎳之濾玻片而獲得的320納米至400納米長波紫外線，對某些皮膚病做檢查的方法，將有助於這些疾病的診斷和治療，此波長有助於白蝕的診斷。
那麼接下來我們來看看診斷白癜風需要哪些檢查：
- 白蝕患者的檢查還包括溫痛觸覺等的檢查。患者的皮膚感覺正常，而麻風白斑區常有淺感覺損害，包括上述感覺減退甚至消失。
- 在伍德燈燈下，正常黑色素吸收全波段的紫外線。若黑色素減少的位置折光強，顯淺色，而黑素增加則折光弱，顯暗色，以此來判斷患者是否患上白蝕。
- 另外我們還要注意，當白斑中開始出現毛囊復色時，復色初期在自然光線下表現並不明顯，但可以藉助伍德燈燈來觀察而得以確認。
其他相類似的斑—鑑別診斷：
- 紅斑狼瘡 (Lupuserythematosus) 非典型分佈，在免疫熒光和血清測試陽性。
- 白色糠疹 (Pityriasisalba) 患處表皮輕微脫屑，邊線模糊，並呈現灰白色。
- 斑狀白化症 (Piebaldis) 穩定、先天性、白前額，白色斑點的中心呈現色素沉著斑，分佈跟白蝕不同。
- 汗斑 (Tineaversicolor) 伍德燈下呈綠黃色，KOH測試陽性。
- 化學白斑病 (Chemicalleukoderma) 由於接觸石碳酸類殺菌劑而做成。<|endoftext|>神人摩西的祈祷。
1 主啊，祢世世代代做我们的居所。
2 诸山未曾生出，地与世界祢未曾造成，从亘古到永远，祢是神。
3 祢使人归于尘土，说：「你们世人要归回。」
4 在祢看来，千年如已过的昨日，又如夜间的一更。
5 祢叫他们如水冲去，他们如睡一觉。早晨他们如生长的草，
6 早晨发芽生长，晚上割下枯干。
7 我们因祢的怒气而消灭，因祢的愤怒而惊惶。
8 祢将我们的罪孽摆在祢面前，将我们的隐恶摆在祢面光之中。
9 我们经过的日子都在祢震怒之下，我们度尽的年岁好像一声叹息。
10 我们一生的年日是七十岁，若是强壮可到八十岁，但其中所矜夸的不过是劳苦愁烦；转眼成空，我们便如飞而去。
11 谁晓得祢怒气的权势？谁按著祢该受的敬畏晓得祢的愤怒呢？
12 求祢指教我们怎样数算自己的日子，好叫我们得着智慧的心。
13 耶和华啊，我们要等到几时呢？求祢转回，为祢的仆人后悔。
14 求祢使我们早早饱得祢的慈爱，好叫我们一生一世欢呼喜乐。
15 求祢照着祢使我们受苦的日子和我们遭难的年岁，叫我们喜乐。
16 愿祢的作为向祢仆人显现，愿祢的荣耀向他们子孙显明。
17 愿主我们神的荣美归于我们身上，愿祢坚立我们手所做的工——我们手所做的工，愿祢坚立！
这是诗篇第四卷的第一篇。很多人很喜欢这诗篇，因为觉得摩西说出了我们内心的想法。神是永恒的神，而人是有限的人。神使人归于尘土，是为了要世人归回。尘土怎能归回？不过成为永恒宇宙中的几粒沙罢了。因此我们知道除了化成尘土的肉体，我们必然还有一个灵体，那是我们用以归回朝见神的。
摩西用了几个词形容人生：如水冲去、如睡一觉、如早晨生长晚上被割下的草、如一声叹息。神给人肉体生存的时间很有限，在这有限的时间内，我们能完成何事，而不枉费这短暂的一生呢？假如我们还要回去向神交差，那么我们可以列出哪些事让神展颜？
摩西可能没想到神让他活到满寿120岁，这是神在大洪水之前为人所定的年数（创6:3），可能他看到的人大约七十岁就归于尘土了，看起来强壮一点的，活到八十就算不错了。现在温哥华有好多人瑞，90岁以上的人比比皆是。不过不管谁活多几天，终归要走一样的路。摩西的感叹在于人活的这段时间，不是充满了欢笑，而是劳苦愁烦，转眼成空。
我们的日子都在神的震怒之下，是因为人的罪孽和隐恶导至了生活中许多可怕的事情发生。用现代的话来说，人因为没有好好管理这个世界，导至各样的污染，造成各样的疾病和痛苦。当人受苦时，就觉得是神的怒气临到我们。当然，神对人的管理才能必然很失望，因为人为排放的氯化合物已经弄破了南极天空的臭氧层；各样的污染使空气品质下降，影响人的健康；又使海里的生物吃进一大堆垃圾或被漏油害死。人吃了被污染的海产，岂能不生病？生病受苦时，会不会埋怨神？人自以为聪明，发明了一大堆东西，结果现在才知道那些发明正是使人类走向灭亡的原因。
人若没有从神来的智慧，怎能管理这个世界，或自己有限的生命？因此摩西求神“指教我们怎样数算自己的日子，好叫我们得着智慧的心”。人类最需要的，便是从神来的智慧。神实在愿意我们喜乐过日子，因此主耶稣说：“向来你们没有奉我的名求什么，如今你们求，就必得着，叫你们的喜乐可以满足。也说要叫我们的喜乐得满足。（约16:24）”
人若懂得向神求智慧，便会“求祢使我们早早饱得祢的慈爱，好叫我们一生一世欢呼喜乐”。我们若早早归向祂，便可以早早饱得祂的慈爱，祂的喜乐便要充满我们。人越早信主，便可以越早得到神的慈爱，因为神要担当你的劳苦愁烦。
这是摩西的祈求也是祝福：“愿祢的作为向你仆人显现，愿祢的荣耀向他们子孙显明。愿主我们神的荣美归于我们身上，愿祢坚立我们手所做的工——我们手所做的工，愿祢坚立！”世界上的一切都要过去，我们所做的一切也要化为云烟，我们的劳碌都成为虚空，但活在神的旨意里，所有的工都不会白做。因为神必坚立。
国内的朋友请按这里 祂带领我
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每日亲近神 2012-2018 数据整理中<|endoftext|>حتی بهترین و سخت کوش ترین کارمندان نیز به تعادل در کار و زندگی نیاز دارند. ممکن است کارمندان شما متوجه نشوند، اما وقتی به مدت طولانی کار کنند کیفیت و کمیت کار آن ها کم شده و بهره وری آن ها کاهش می یابد. در دنیای شلوغ امروز، مهم تر از هر چیز در محیط کار رسیدگی به کارمندان و کمک به آن ها در پیشگیری از فرسودگی شغلی است.
چطور از فرسودگی شغلی پیشگیری کنیم؟
محافظت از خود در برابر فرسودگی شغلی مستلزم خودآگاهی است. برای ارزیابی وضعیت ذهنی فعلی کارمندان خود وقت بگذارید. احساس نا امیدی یا ناراحتی هر از گاهی در همه کسب و کارها اتفاق می افتد. اما اگر هرکدام از این افکار بیش از حد به سمت رفتارهای منفی سوق پیدا کنند، ممکن است همه شما به فرسودگی شغلی نزدیک شوید.
اگر احساس کم ارزش بودن دارید یا نمی دانید چه کاری باید انجام دهید، یک قدم به عقب بردارید و وضعیت خود را بررسی کنید. خوب است در طول روز مدتی وقت بگذارید و در مورد این سوالات فکر کنید. این سوالات می توانند وضعیت خطرناک فرسودگی شغلی را هشدار دهند.
محافظت از افکار و سطح انرژی نیز نیاز به تلاش و اقدام مناسب دارد. برای پیشگیری از فرسودگی شغلی کارمندان اوضاع باید به شکل مثبتی تغییر کند. اگر مدیر هستید با کارمندان خود صحبت کنید، کارهای خود را بررسی کنید. عواملی که بیشترین تاثیر را بر عملکرد تیم شما دارند بررسی کنید و با مدیر منابع انسانی شرکت برای ارزیابی مجدد بار فعلی کارها بر اعضای تیم ها، اولویت ها و کارمندان صحبت و همکاری کنید.
داشتن یک سبک زندگیِ کاری سالم، خواب کافی و یافتن سرگرمی های ارزشمند به ایجاد تعادل در کار و زندگی و کاهش فرسودگی ناشی از کار کمک می کند.
مراقب کارمندان خود در برابر فرسودگی شغلی باشید.
شرکت هایی که قبل از شروع کار برای بهبود فرسودگی شغلی برنامه ریزی می کنند، با روحیه بالا، کارمندان کارآمد و یک محیط کار مثبت روبه رو می شوند. برای محافظت از محل کار در برابر فرسودگی شغلی، باید ابتدا علت آن را ریشه یابی کنید و برای پیشگیری از آن بهترین روش ها را دنبال کنید.
۱- بار کاری نیروهای خود را کنترل کنید.
اطمینان حاصل کنید که مسئولیت ها بین اعضای تیم ها به طور متناسب تقسیم شده اند و کسی بیش از حد نیاز کار نمی کند.
۲- استرس کاری بی مورد به تیم وارد نکنید.
از اعضای تیم تان نخواهید فراتر از ساعت کاری خود کار کنند و به عنوان اضافه کاری در شرکت بمانند. ماندن یا نماندن صرفا بستگی به تمایل شخصی آن ها دارد. از ایجاد استرس و بحران در کار واقعا خودداری کنید. چرا که این کار منجر به ایجاد فرسودگی شغلی در اعضای تیم تان خواهد شد.
۳- کارمندان را تشویق به استراحت کنید.
کارمندان را تشویق کنید که از زمان تعطیلات و استراحت کافی خودشان استفاده کنند. فرهنگی را ایجاد کنید که در آن کارمندان بیمار احساس راحتی کنند و هر زمان لازم بود بدون نگرانی در خانه بمانند.
۴- بازخورد مداوم به اعضای تیم بدهید.
از فعالیت کارمندان خود بصورت مداوم قدردانی کرده و از آن ها پشتیبانی کنید. کارمندان را در شغلشان به صورت مناسب راهنمایی کنید و به آن ها بگوید که چقدر برای سازمان مفید هستند.
۵- ارگونومی در محیط کار را مدیریت کنید.
در صورت لزوم برای حل مسائل مرتبط با ارگونومی چه ارگونومی فیزیکی چه نرم افزاری در محیط کار مانند سرو صدا، ترتیب صندلی یا مسائل غیرضروری اقدامات لازم را انجام دهید.
۶- سیاست درهای باز را ایجاد و اجرا کنید.
مهم تر از همه مسائلی که ذکر شد، ایجاد سیاست درهای باز در کار است. با کارمندانتان مشورت و نظرخواهی کرده و از نظرات آن ها استفاده کنید. اگر کارمندان با مدیریت دچار مشکل و عدم سازش شوند احتمالا نا امید شده و از کار خود سرد و دلزده می شوند.
کمک به یک کارمندی که دچار فرسودگی شغلی است
گاهی اوقات فرسودگی شغلی کارمندان فرصتی خوبی برای روبه رویی با این گونه مسائل است. اگر فکر می کنید یکی
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wept
The Bible: The last supper
The Gospel according to John, Chapter 13, Verses 1 to 30 (John 13: 1 – 30).
Jesus knew his time was up. His Father was calling him home.
He had shown his friends how to live as God had always intended they should, relying on God’s shalom rather than the Romans’ pax. He had been openly critical of the Jewish religious leaders, accusing them of being more interested in looking good than being good. He had incurred their wrath, and they were determined to be rid of him.
Now, whilst Jesus and his friends were having supper, the real force behind the ‘Get Jesus’ party revealed itself. The adversary, the satan, the very devil, recruited Judas to betray Jesus.
Jesus knew what Judas was about to do, and did nothing to stop it. He knew it had to happen:
“Go and do what you have to do”, he told Judas. Do your bit. Play your part. “And make it quick.”
And so the enemy agent went out into the night.
The day couldn’t be far away.
So, why did Judas betray Jesus?
Some say it was for the money.
Others suggest he was disappointed that Jesus was not after all going to overthrow the Romans and restore the kingdom to Israel.
Or perhaps he was a secret Sadducee, a Temple spy, an infiltrator.
The Bible, however, puts it simply: the devil got to him.
And Jesus did nothing to stop him.<|endoftext|>BiographyCarl Sandburg was born on January 6, 1878 in Galesburg, Illinois. He had attended school when he was young, but he left school at the age of 13 to become a day laborer. Later, he served in the Spanish American War, and returned to Galesburg afterward.
He had finished his college education at Lombard College. Then in 1913, Sandburg moved to Chicago, where he first gained recognition when he was awarded the Levinson Prize for his poem, Chicago. He quickly established himself as a realist through his original method of unrhymed free-verse poetry.
From 1918-1933, Sandburg wrote editorials fot the Chicago Daily News. During that time, he also wrote many volumes of poetry such as Cornhuskers in 1918, Smoke and Steel in 1920, and Good Morning America in 1928. All of Sandburg's works expressed a basic optimism for the American future. As some people put it, "His poetry gained wide appreciation for its impressionistic style and colloquial vigor." However, Sanburg's fame was primarily based upon his works regarding Abraham Lincoln. He wrote The Prarie Years in 1928, and Abraham Lincoln: The War Years in 1939, which won a Pulitzer Prize in 1940.
Sandburg was also known as a singer of American folk songs, of which many were compiled in, The American Songbag in 1927. Among his other works were Steichen the Photographer in 1920, Home Front Memo in 1943, the novel, Remembrance Rock in 1948, Complete Poems in 1950, which won a Pulitzer Prize in 1951, and his autobiography, Always the Young Strangers in 1952. However, he died on July 22, 1967.
PoetryIllinois Farmer from Cornhuskers, 1918
BURY this old Illinois farmer with respect.
Microsoft Encarta Sandburg, Carl.
"Sandburg Carl 1918 Cornhuskers" Columbia University<|endoftext|>Dan Liljenquist: Unless we're careful, antibiotics will turn against us with a vengeance
Eighty-five years ago this fall, when the Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming, returning to his lab following a month’s long holiday with his family, discovered that one of his cultures of staphylococci, carelessly stacked in glass containers on a bench in a corner, had become contaminated, he could easily have missed the most important health care discovery of the 20th century.
Fleming, a man obsessed with finding a “bacteria killer” after witnessing the excruciating sepsis deaths of World War I soldiers, examined the contaminated culture and found that a mold spore, a simple fungus from the Penicillium genus, trapped in the petri dish among the deadly bacterium, had secreted a compound that killed the surrounding staphylococci. Within weeks, Fleming, growing the fungus into a pure culture and harvesting the “mold juice”, discovered lysozyme, an enzyme that attacks the cell walls of bacterium. Seven months later, on March 7, 1929, penicillin was released on the market.
Fleming’s discovery, which he openly acknowledged as a happy accident, revolutionized medicine, making diseases of nightmares such as scarlet fever, pneumonia, meningitis, diphtheria, and even gonorrhea treatable and curable. Penicillin, and its derivative antibiotics, was a giant leap forward, saving millions upon millions of lives.
But even as the world celebrated Fleming, he warned in his 1945 Nobel Prize acceptance speech, that the murderous bacterium could, eventually, evolve, developing their own countermeasures to antibiotics. Today, with the dramatic proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacterium, Fleming’s warning appears prophetic, with the editors of the Lancet Infection Disease journal recently writing, “In the very near and rapidly approaching future, the wonder drugs of the 20th century, antibiotics, may cease to be useful.”
This week the Centers for Disease Control is sponsoring “Get Smart About Antibiotics Week” to raise awareness of antibiotic resistance and to educate Americans about appropriate antibiotic use. The CDC estimates that more than 50 percent of all antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary. Antibiotics do not work on illnesses caused by viruses, but many of us, when the first signs of illness begin to manifest, run to our physicians demanding antibiotics against the chance that we might have a bacterial, rather than viral, infection.
Physicians, ever responsive to patient demands, have all too happily obliged, flooding antibiotics into our medicine cabinets and circulatory systems, thinning the bacterial hoards but leaving behind the mutated, drug-resistant strands, accelerating the evolutionary process. Each time we unnecessarily use antibiotics, we contribute to their obsolescence.
This year, the CDC estimates that more than 23,000 Americans will die from antibiotic resistant bacterium. Should the trend continue, and super-bugs, like the carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae which already infests 4 percent of all hospitals nationwide and kills nearly 50 percent of those it infects, continue to proliferate, mortality rates for even routine surgeries could return to levels from 100 years ago when 1 in 6 surgeries resulted in death.
While every effort should be made to accelerate the development of new antibiotic treatments, we cannot count on science to come to the immediate rescue. Chemists and biologists have not discovered a new class of antibiotic medicines since 1987, and there are very few promising lines of research.
We, as a society, must buy as much time as possible for the next Alexander Fleming to figure out how to combat far more sophisticated organisms that are now producing their own enzymes to break down the antibiotics we deploy against them.
So the next time you catch a cold, or develop a cough, or feel under the weather, by all means consult with your physician, but do not demand antibiotics when they are not medically indicated. You will want them to work when you really need them.
Dan Liljenquist is a former state senator and U.S. Senate candidate.
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Planning a vegetable garden is a fun and rewarding activity, but it can also be a little daunting if you’re not sure where to start. One of the best ways to make your vegetable garden successful is to use raised beds. Raised beds are a great way to improve drainage, soil quality, and air circulation, and they also make it easy to control the height and size of your garden.
When planning a raised bed vegetable garden, there are a few things you need to take into consideration. The first is the size of your garden. Raised beds can be any size you want, but it’s a good idea to make them at least 4 feet wide so you have plenty of room to work in them. The second thing to consider is the type of soil you will be using. If you have poor soil, you can improve it by adding organic matter such as compost or peat moss. The third thing to consider is the climate. If you live in a cold climate, you will need to choose vegetables that can withstand frost.
Once you have decided on the size and type of your raised bed garden, it’s time to start planning your layout. The best way to do this is to sketch out a plan on paper. Decide where you want each vegetable to go and draw in the rows and beds. You can also plan your garden by planting your vegetables in a spiral or checkerboard pattern.
Now that you have your plan, it’s time to start building your raised beds. You can buy kits that include everything you need, or you can build your own beds from scratch. If you choose to build your own beds, make sure they are at least 12 inches high so you can easily work in them.
Once your raised beds are built, it’s time to fill them with soil. You can buy soil from a garden center, or you can make your own by mixing compost, peat moss, and soil. Be sure to mix in a little lime to adjust the pH level if necessary.
Now that your raised bed vegetable garden is ready, it’s time to plant! Be sure to read the planting instructions that come with your vegetables, and follow the planting schedule for your area. By following these simple steps, you can ensure a successful raised bed vegetable garden.
What Vegetables Can You Grow In A Raised Garden Bed
A raised garden bed is a great way to garden if you have limited space or if you want to garden in an area that doesn’t have good soil. You can grow a variety of vegetables in a raised garden bed.
Some vegetables that do well in a raised garden bed are tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, zucchini, carrots, and lettuce. You can also grow potatoes, beans, and peas in a raised garden bed.
To grow vegetables in a raised garden bed, you will need to choose a location that gets plenty of sunlight. The bed should also be in an area that has good drainage. You can create a raised garden bed by using wooden boards, bricks, or concrete blocks.
If you are using wooden boards, make sure to use untreated lumber, as treated lumber can contain chemicals that are harmful to plants. To create a raised garden bed with bricks or concrete blocks, you will need to create a frame and then fill it with soil.
You can buy soil for a raised garden bed at a garden center or you can create your own soil by mixing compost and soil together. Be sure to add a lot of organic matter to your soil to help improve the soil’s fertility and drainage.
When planting vegetables in a raised garden bed, be sure to follow the spacing recommendations for each vegetable. You can find these recommendations in a seed catalog or online.
Water your vegetables regularly, especially during the hot summer months. You may also need to fertilize them occasionally with a balanced fertilizer.
A raised garden bed is a great way to garden if you have limited space or if you want to garden in an area that doesn’t have good soil. You can grow a variety of vegetables in a raised garden bed, including tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, zucchini, carrots, and lettuce.
Black Plastic For Vegetable Garden Bed
Black plastic mulch is a sheet of plastic film used to cover the soil in a vegetable garden. It is used to increase yields, improve the quality of the vegetables, and reduce weed growth.
Black plastic mulch is effective in preventing weed growth because the sunlight cannot reach the soil through the black plastic. Weeds need sunlight to grow, so they are unable to grow under the black plastic.
Black plastic mulch also increases yields because it warms the soil. The soil warms up faster in the spring, and it stays warmer longer in the fall. This allows the vegetables to grow more quickly and produce more yields.
Finally, black plastic mulch improves the quality of the vegetables. The vegetables grown under black plastic mulch are less likely to have diseases and pests.
Beginner Raised Bed Vegetable Garden
If you are new to vegetable gardening, you may want to consider using a raised bed. A raised bed is a great way to garden if you have limited space, or if you want to garden in an area that has poor soil.
A raised bed is simply a bed that is raised above the ground. You can make a raised bed out of many different materials, including wood, stone, or concrete.
When choosing a raised bed, be sure to pick one that is large enough to accommodate the vegetables you want to grow. You will also want to make sure that the bed is deep enough to accommodate the type of soil you will be using.
If you are new to vegetable gardening, it is a good idea to start with a raised bed. A raised bed is a great way to learn about vegetable gardening, because it is easy to manage and it is easier to keep the soil healthy and fertile.
Prepare A Vegetable Garden Bed
A vegetable garden is a great way to get fresh, nutritious produce right from your own backyard. But if you’re new to gardening, the thought of starting a vegetable garden bed may seem a bit daunting.
Don’t worry – we’re here to help!
In this article, we’ll walk you through the basics of preparing a vegetable garden bed. We’ll cover everything from choosing the right spot to planting your vegetables. So read on to learn more!
Where to Plant
One of the most important decisions you’ll make when preparing a vegetable garden bed is choosing the right spot. You’ll want to choose a spot that gets plenty of sunlight, is well-drained, and has plenty of room for your plants to grow.
If you’re not sure where to start, consider planting your garden bed in an area that gets at least six hours of sunlight each day. And be sure to avoid planting your garden bed in a spot that’s shady or that has poor drainage.
Choosing the Right Vegetables
Another important decision you’ll need to make when preparing a vegetable garden bed is what vegetables to plant. Not all vegetables are created equal, and some vegetables are better suited for certain climates or regions than others.
So before you start planting, do some research on the best vegetables to grow in your area. And be sure to choose a variety of vegetables, so you can enjoy a variety of fresh produce throughout the season.
Preparing the Soil
Once you’ve chosen a spot for your vegetable garden bed and selected the vegetables you’d like to plant, it’s time to start preparing the soil.
The best way to prepare the soil is to start by adding some organic matter. You can do this by adding compost, manure, or other organic materials to the soil. This will help to improve the soil’s texture and drainage, and it will also help to feed your plants.
Once you’ve added the organic matter, it’s time to start digging. Use a shovel to turn the soil over, and be sure to break up any clumps. Then, use a rake to smooth out the surface.
Now it’s time to plant!
How to Plant
Once you’ve prepared the soil, it’s time to start planting your vegetables. The best way to do this is to use a trowel or a transplanting tool to make a small hole in the soil.
Then, gently place the vegetable in the hole, making sure to cover it with soil. Be sure to water the vegetable well after planting.
Maintaining Your Vegetable Garden Bed
Once your vegetable garden bed is planted, it’s important to keep it well-maintained. This means watering the plants regularly and removing any weeds that may start to grow.
You may also need to fertilize your plants occasionally, depending on the type of soil you have. So be sure to consult your local garden center for advice on how to best care for your vegetable garden bed.
If you’re looking to get into vegetable gardening, or are just looking for some tips on how to make your current garden better, then you’ve come to the right place! My name is Ethel and I have been gardening for years. In this blog, I’m going to share with you some of my best tips on how to create a successful vegetable garden.<|endoftext|>干净度
舒适
整体
Value
加强清洁方法，例如对所有Europcar租车的内部和外部进行消毒，只是他们在新冠期间采取的一些安全措施。为确保他们的客户和员工感到安全，Europcar还采用了以下附加政策：
• 执行“零接触”政策，我们会确保每把车钥匙在消毒后都密封在一个信封中
是的。Europcar在马德里 巴拉哈斯机场的2个租车点位置如下：Avda Hispanidad Llegadas和Airport Madrid Adolfo Suarez T4。
马德里的Europcar可以免费取消租车。但请留意，最后一刻取消租车可能会有手续费。若想详细了解Europcar的取消政策，请点击这里查看「租车点」分页的电话号码清单。
马德里的Europcar有8个租车点。No Iberia Flights是该公司最受欢迎的位置（根据我们的用户数据）。在过去12个月中，在马德里从Europcar预订租车的momondo用户中，有63%选择了No Iberia Flights。<|endoftext|>7 min read
Folate and folic acid—two different forms of the essential vitamin B9—are used interchangeably so often that most people assume they are the same. In fact, even many doctors and nutritionists remain unaware that folate and folic acid have vastly different paths in the body. According to recent studies, ingesting the wrong form may have unintended negative effects in some people.
We’ve researched what the latest science has revealed about the differences between folate and folic acid. Now that you’re aware of this common misconception, learn how to avoid any undesirable side effects from choosing the wrong form for you. Here’s what you need to know to make an informed decision about your supplementation.
Folate is the common form of vitamin B9 present in many whole foods, including leafy greens, beans, eggs, citrus fruit, avocados, and beef liver. On the other hand, folic acid is a synthesized version of vitamin B9 that is added to processed foods and the common version used in supplements. Folic acid has a molecular structure that is nearly identical to folate. Due to their close resemblance, folic acid and folate are widely considered to be the same.
In 1998, the FDA required that grain products be “enriched.” From that came foods such as flours, breads, and breakfast cereals, being fortified with folic acid. The goal of this regulation was an attempt to reduce the prevalence of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs), a common birth defect that had shown some connection to the mother’s vitamin B9 intake. According to a 2011 paper in the scientific journal Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology, there was a decrease in the prevalence of NTDs in newborns within mere months of the fortification program. For this reason, folic acid
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comply or else their bottomline‹economic gains‹will be effected. Such is not the change that proceeds from character. Character-based change is where change takes place because to do otherwise would be unjust. It is one where the initiative comes, not from the ones experience injustice, but from those who have the power to implement justice and do so because they recognize the situation for what it is, and not because they have been reminded of what it is not. This type of change emerges from an understanding and practice of genuine justice.
Genuine justice is not based on fairness! In fact, a preoccupation with justice as fairness lies at the root of most problems in our society and in the world today, whether between individuals, groups or nations, and is at the center of the affirmative action debate. At the heart of "justice as fairness" lies equal treatment, which wrongly assumes everyone is the same and thus the need for "fair play," which we all learn from childhood. But socio-historical circumstances preclude equality. This is why in some track and field events, the starting blocks are staggered, so that everyone will have an equal opportunity. This is where affirmative action comes in as equitable measures‹short of restructuring society‹which seek to make for a level playing field. There are many people today in America¹s class-divided society that, because of socio-historical conditions or merely accidents of birth, find themselves on the "inside track" and don¹t always realize that circumstances are stacked in their favor, but think they are playing on a level field. When they see the starting blocks being staggered, to give those on the "outside track" an equal chance, they cry out, "unfair," "reverse discrimination," "preferential treatment," not realizing that the playing field of American society is stratified. Short of totally redesigning the playing field of socioeconomic, political structures, affirmative action becomes essential in righting societal inequities. It is based on the "principle of redress," that undeserved inequalities call for rectification. Since inequalities of birth are undeserved, these inequalities are to be somehow compensated for. Thus in order to treat all persons equally and provide genuine equality of opportunity, society must give more attention to those born into or placed in less favorable social positions. This "fair share" approach is a particularistic and not a universal action, since it is an attempt to place particular groups in the position that they would have held had there been no barriers in their paths to success.
Thus, genuine justice is based on need, not fairness. And since people¹s needs differ, due to differing socio-historical circumstances, true justice does not spring from what people deserve, but from what they need. It is not fair play but fair share. Why? Because as Oliver Wendell Holmes said, "There is no greater inequality than the equal treatment of unequals." Thus, at the heart of justice lies grace‹ unearned, unmerited, undeserved favor. Only when individuals and institutions get to this point will we begin to approximate a caring society. This requires two basic character qualities in individuals: compassion and a positive self image.
Compassion‹The Counterpart of Racism: Without compassion we will not create a caring society. Compassion is a rare commodity in the world today, especially in the business and political world. To be successful in the interconnected world of interdependence and interhuman relations of the 21st century, compassion needs to be a necessary individual and institutional character quality. Compassion is not the same as sympathy. There is a vast difference. Sympathy (meaning to sorrow with) is an emotional response of sorrow toward another being generated by pity. Whereas compassion (meaning to suffer with) is the ability to suffer with another being‹including non-humans‹with loving, caring concern, in an endeavor to alleviate suffering and remove the pain. Three couplets illustrate the difference between the two.
1. Sympathy looks down with teary-eyed pity and says, "Oh, I am so sorry." Compassion comes down with loving concern and declares, "How can I be of help?"
2. Sympathy remains in the realm of affection. Compassion always moves from affection to action.
3. Sympathy is some times motivated out of self-interest in a pious cloak. Compassion is motivated out of a genuine concern for others‹the opposite of indifference‹with no strings attached. The essence of Compassion is taking the role of the Other and viewing life from the Other¹s perspective, out of the Other¹s situation of need, as a motivation for action. Compassion is a character trait of Rescuers.
How do compassion and sympathy differ from empathy? These three concepts tend to be confused in the minds of many as similar or even the same, but they are not. They are vastly different and elicit from the respondent three different types of behaviors. These three behaviors can best be illustrated in the following manner.
1. In Sympathy there is sorrow for the Other in need. But with sorrow there is also a sense of distance, separation from the Other, an "I¹m-not-like-you" type of response. Even though there is an emotional response, the "bridge of identification" with the Other has not been crossed. There is an emotional experience of social distance. This is often the experience of Bystanders.
2. In Empathy there is not only sorrow, but also an identification with the Other in need. Here the person crosses the "bridge of identification" and enters into the emotional sphere of the Other and identifies with the pain. The Other senses and knows that identification has taken place. This is a "weeping with those who weep" kind of act.
3. In Compassion, however, there is not only sorrow and identification with the Other in need, but also an involvement in action to meet the need.
Here the response does not stop at identification, but goes one step further to take the necessary steps of action to alleviate suffering. The two-way arrow symbolizes that the action takes into consideration the wishes and, if possible, the involvement of the Other in a reciprocal process of bringing about change through empowerment. Much of what passes for compassion is often an imposition from the outside, without regard for what might be best for the Other nor for their input.
There is nothing wrong with sympathy, per se, however. There are many times when the only action a person can take is limited at a sympathetic response. There are other times when one can go further and express empathy. And there will be times when the opportunity will be there to express compassion. The problem comes when one has the ability to demonstrate compassion, but for reasons of one¹s own choosing, decides to limit the action only to sympathy or at best empathy. This is what the story of the Good Samaritan is all about‹to see oneself in the experience of the Other and move into action to change the circumstances, and not just limit one¹s efforts to a mere sympathetic or empathetic response. Compassion, thus, is an attitude, an orientation toward life, which arises out of spirituality‹that sense of interconnectedness‹and manifests itself in action.
Compassion is the opposite of racism, which is nothing but systemic indifference justified by biological/cultural differences. But like racism, it is both an attitude and an action. It is an attitude of prejudice for the Other, rather than against the Other as in racism, resulting in social caring. Such a positive attitude results in action that empowers the Other rather than depriving the Other of power and privilege. But compassion, the counterpart of racism, is only possible through spirituality. Spirituality is a state of interconnectedness with the Other‹the divine, the self, the human, the natural, or any combination thereof‹resulting in a position of security with a sense of worthful purpose. This is Holistic Spirituality, spirituality in four dimensions, where the human center‹our social self‹is interconnected with: a vertical to God, the world of the sacred; an inward to self, the world of personal well-being; a horizontal to humankind, the world of people; and a downward to nature, the world of all non-human life-forms.
A connectedness to God, however defined, is most important because from this connection springs the compassion and spirituality that connects us to the Other. Malcolm X recognized this. "I said to Harlem Street audiences that only when mankind would submit to God who created all‹only then would mankind even approach the Œpeace¹ of which so much talk could be heard‹but toward which so little action was seen." It is not without coincidence that the most disconnected people, those without attachments whether to others, to self, society or God, are the ones that often commit the worst of crimes. Racism is the result of being disconnected from the Other. Compassion is what brings us together, eliminating the racism; and spirituality is the socio-divine "glue" bonding human spirits into one common human family.
At the heart of compassion lies "respect"‹the process whereby the Other is treated with deference, courtesy and compassion in an endeavor to safeguard the integrity, dignity, value and social worth of the individual. It means treating people the way they want to be treated. This includes one¹s self, the second quality of internal transformation.
The Need For a Positive Self Image: The inside-out transformation of the Heart Model is not possible without a positive sense of self, the idea of "I¹m okay." From such an understanding emerges the follow-up idea that "you're okay." This is what Jesus meant when He declared, "Love your neighbor as yourself." How I feel about myself is a good indicator of how I feel about others. If I feel that I am superior to others‹I¹, okay, you¹re not okay‹then I will treat others as inferior to me or my group, and will behave accordingly in a manner that dehumanizes others. If, on the other hand, I feel nothing but hate for myself, this will be reflected in my attitude and actions toward others. Both actions are similar in that they emerge from a negative sense of self. Thus, people's behavior toward others is already a loud statement as to how they feel about themselves, and tells us more about them than it does about the one they despise. From this it can be seen that racism emerges from a deep psychological sense of insecurity, toward self and toward others. And the legacy can be self-destruction. The perpetrator of racism dehumanizes him or herself, for they are behaving less than humane. And the recipient of this legacy of structured hatred can end up hating themselves as a result of a socio-psychological sense of being without social value, worth, power and hope.
It should therefore come as no surprise, especially to White people, when this state of social trauma spills out in rage and violence in the streets. Nathan McCall in his autobiography, Makes Me Want to Holler: A Young Black Man In America (Random 1993), reminds us that the consequence of teaching people to hate themselves is violence to themselves, what Franz Fanon called, "horizontal violence." This violence is best expressed in the killing of another person like unto themselves as a form of killing oneself, because my "brother" is an extension of myself. The result is Black brothers killing each other. McCall says, "If my life does not matter, your life does not matter either, since neither one of us has a future." This is what Jesus meant, in that if all I feel is hatred for myself, then all I feel for you, as an extension of myself, is also hatred! Much of the racist violence in society today from all sides stems from this socio-psychological behavior.
This is why Whitney Houston was correct when she sang in her No. 1 song of 1986: "Learning to love yourself is the greatest love of all." If I don't have a healthy appreciation of self, I will not have a healthy appreciation of you. This is the universal principle that Nathan McCall learned from reading Malcolm X¹s autobiography: "that if you change your self-perception, you can change your behavior." Thus, in a real sense perception is reality.
The point of the third mode, the Heart Model, is that unity in the human family will not come about because we have restructured the institutions of society, but because our hearts have been transformed. To which Paulo Freire will immediately adds. It is an "illusion that the hearts of men and women can be transformed while the social structures which make those hearts Œsick¹ are left intact and unchanged." Thus, all three modes‹the bureaucratic, the grassroots and the heart mode‹are essential for bringing about lasting, effective change, with living diversity as the new modus operandi.
These various conceptual models to effect change are summarized in the following seven steps which enable individuals and systems to work toward the reduction of racism. I say "reduction" because human beings being what they are, the complete elimination of racism and prejudice is not possible in a society comprised of flawed human beings. This is what Karl Mannheim declared long ago. "To live consistently, in the light of Christian brotherly love, in a society which is not organized on the same principle is impossible. The individual in his personal conduct is always compelled‹in so far as he does not resort to breaking up the existing social structure‹to fall short of his own nobler motives." Nevertheless, the following seven steps are essential to lessen racism¹s impact.
STEPS TO ELIMINATE RACISM
Steps___________________ Problem Eliminated_______
1. Information Ignorance
2. Equal educational opportunity Status Inequality
3. Self-Acceptance Psychological need to feel superior
4. Noncompetitive group contact Prejudice
5. Economic parity Group competition
6. Behavior changing legislation Discrimination
7. Compassion Indifference
None of these steps by themselves will effect lasting change. All seven, however, as an embodiment of the models presented, taken together, will go a long way toward creating a caring society.
Let me conclude with a story. Malcolm X, in his autobiography, relates the experience he once had in Michigan during winter, when he decided to give himself a good conk. I don't know whether or not you know what a "conk" is, so let me explain.
We live in a society that portrays by various means what it regards as beautiful, acceptable and of value. And when it comes to hair style, what is usually conveyed is that long, flowing, straight hair is beautiful, while nappy, curly, "kinky" hair is not desirable. At least this was the value system in the 1940s, 50's and early 60's, prior to the Black Power Movement. Latinos talk of "good" hair and "bad" hair‹pelo bueno y pelo malo. I now realize that there is only one kind of bad hair, the one that keeps failing out.
Many African Americans bought the assumption that if the hair could be straightened, then one would be more acceptable by the prevailing values. African American men then made themselves stocking caps, from their mother's or wives nylon stockings, to use at night while they slept, to keep their hair from getting curly too soon. The process whereby nappy hair was straightened was called "conking," due to the special home-brew substance called "congolene." There was a saying in the ghetto that praised the value of congolene that went like this: "Naps may snap, and curls may twirl, but congolene will rule the world."
And so one mid-winter day in Flint, Michigan, Malcolm X decided to give himself a conk. He went to the grocery store and bought a couple of eggs, two medium-sized white potatoes, and a can of Red Devil lye. Then at the drug store, he got a large jar of Vaseline, a large bar of soap, a large-toothed comb and a fine-toothed comb, a rubber hose with a metal spray head, a rubber apron and a pair of gloves. He went home, peeled the potatoes, grated them, worked in the two eggs, then poured in the lye, and the congolene‹a pale-yellowish, jelly-like, starchy-looking glob‹began to get warm, due to the lye. He then took the apron, tied it high around his neck and combed up his bush of hair. Then the vaseline was worked into the scalp, down the neck, over the ears and forehead. This was the precautionary measure, for wherever the skin was not protected by the vaseline, the lye would burn in sores. The congolene was then applied to the hair and combed in. All of a sudden Malcolm's head caught fire, as the lye began to cook the hair. The idea was that "the longer you can stand it, the straighter the hair."
As the comb worked the congolene through the hair, Malcolm X says, "it felt as if it was raking my skin off." With gritted teeth, eyes watering and nose running, finally he could not take it any longer and bolted to the kitchen sink to wash it all off . . . and the pipes were frozen! The situation immediately made his scalp burn all the hotter. In desperation, Malcolm finally stuck his head in the toilet, and flush after flush after flush, he washed off all that junk. But from that toilet arose a changed man, one who realized the steps toward self-degradation and self-mutilation multitudes of African American men and women in America were willing to be "brainwashed into believing that the African American people are 'inferior'‹and white people 'superior'‹that they will even violate and mutilate their God-created bodies to try to look 'pretty' by white standards."
The life of Malcolm X (Malcolm Little, alias El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz) went through three stages of change. From the pimp and hustler‹before prison; to the militant Black Muslim‹after prison, first conversion; to the world citizen‹after Mecca, second conversion. Such radical change represents what I call, "The X Factor"‹The ability to change. Malcolm thus becomes a model of what is possible in the human condition.
Manus Buthelezi, South Africa's leading Black theologian, is therefore correct in declaring: "The black man must be enabled through the interpretation and application of the Gospel to realize that blackness, like whiteness, is a good natural face cream from God and not some cosmological curse." The same can be said to Latinos, Asians, Indians, and all human beings who negate their God-given humanity. We must stop seeking to mold people after distorted human images and allow them the right to be born into the beautiful image of God, thereby bringing about a divine corrective to a dehumanized and dehumanizing world. It is then, and only then, that we will have some semblance of a chance to end prejudice and racism.
© Paul C. Gorski, 1995-2012<|endoftext|>The long battle between various drugs and scientific medicine seems to be over with the appearance of complementary drugs. In 1992, the National Institute of Well being established the Office of Alternative Medication (OAM), which was renamed the Nationwide Center for Complementary and Various Medication (NCCAM) in 1998 and is now generally known as the Nationwide Middle for Complementary and Integrative Health.
Many forms of various drugs are rejected by typical medicine as a result of the efficacy of the treatments has not been demonstrated by way of double-blind randomized managed trials; in contrast, standard medication attain the market only after such trials have proved their efficacy.
The other of the placebo effect is the nocebo effect, when patients who expect a treatment to be dangerous will perceive dangerous effects after taking it. 3. Integrative medication affords the complete range of therapies from conventional and various systems
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Party System is a model of American politics used in history and political science to periodize the political party system that existed in the United States between roughly and It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largely by Alexander Hamilton, and the rival Jeffersonian Democratic.
The two-party system is so dominate in the United States it is difficult for a third party candidate to win.
This is partly due to the difficulty of third party candidates to raise funds. Third party candidates often represent single-issue parties. 3 From to the first political parties were formed. During the time when our country was in its formative years, two opposing factions arose.
During the time when our country was in its formative years, two opposing factions arose. Sep 08, · The first two US political parties were technically the "Federalists" and the "Anti-Federalists", who were later known as the Democratic and Republican parties.
federalist and anti-federalists The. two-party system: A two-party system is a system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections at every level of government and, as a result, nearly all elected officials are members of one of the two major parties.How the first two political parties<|endoftext|>Una maggiore intelligenza infantile è collegata a una minore possibilità di morire prima degli 80 anni. Così conclude uno studio di quasi tutti i bambini nati nel 1936 in Scozia, Regno Unito, che ha confrontato i risultati dei test del QI presi all’età di 11 anni con le registrazioni di morte nel gruppo nei seguenti 68 anni.
I ricercatori, dell’Università di Edimburgo in Scozia, U.K., riportano i loro risultati in un documento pubblicato nel BMJ.
Il
Per queste malattie, le riduzioni del rischio erano in gran parte simili per uomini e donne. Ma i ricercatori hanno anche trovato che, solo negli uomini, un più alto QI infantile è stato collegato a un minor rischio di suicidio.
I ricercatori dicono che i risultati suggeriscono che lo stile di vita – e il fumo in particolare – è un fattore importante nel legame tra QI infantile e rischio di morte.
I partecipanti allo studio erano 33.536 uomini e 32.229 donne nati in Scozia nel 1936, che hanno tutti completato un test di intelligenza infantile convalidato a 11 anni come parte del Indagine mentale scozzese del 1947, e che potrebbe essere collegata a registri di cause di morte fino alla fine del 2015.
Tabella dei contenuti
Il più grande studio che segue il corso della vita
Il test di intelligenza, che è stato somministrato a scuola dagli insegnanti dei bambini, comprendeva 71 voci che misuravano il ragionamento verbale e non verbale. Gli studi condotti dal 1947 hanno convalidato il test e lo hanno trovato alla pari con altre misure standardizzate di intelligenza.
Lo studio scozzese è pensato per essere il più grande finora ad aver seguito un gruppo di uomini e donne nel corso della vita e le cause di morte correlate all’intelligenza infantile.
Studi precedenti hanno già suggerito che le persone che ottengono un punteggio più alto nei test di intelligenza tendono a vivere più a lungo, in media, rispetto alle persone con punteggi più bassi. Tuttavia, la maggior parte di questi non abbracciano il corso della vita, o si concentrano solo su gruppi particolari.
Per esempio, il più grande studio di questo tipo fino ad oggi ha incluso un milione di partecipanti, è stato limitato ai coscritti maschi svedesi e li ha seguiti solo fino alla mezza età.
La dimensione del rischio varia in base alla causa della morte
Oltre a trovare un legame tra un più alto quoziente d’intelligenza infantile e un minor rischio di morire prima degli 80 anni, i ricercatori hanno scoperto che la quantità di rischio ridotto varia in base alla causa della morte.
Per esempio, la loro analisi rivela che un punteggio più alto nei test del QI infantile è legato a un rischio inferiore del 24% di morire per ictus, un rischio inferiore del 25% di morire per malattie coronariche e un rischio inferiore del 28% di morire per malattie respiratorie.
Il team ha anche trovato collegamenti tra più alto QI infanzia e più basso rischio di morte da lesioni, demenza, malattie dell’apparato digerente e tumori legati al fumo come polmone e cancro allo stomaco.
Tuttavia, non hanno trovato alcuna prova di un collegamento tra il QI infantile e la morte per tumori che non sono legati al fumo.
Quando hanno aggiustato i risultati per prendere in considerazione il fumo e lo stato socioeconomico, i ricercatori hanno trovato che alcuni dei collegamenti sono rimasti forti, suggerendo che questi fattori non spiegano completamente le differenze.
Suggeriscono che gli studi futuri dovrebbero ora indagare il “carico cumulativo di tali fattori di rischio nel corso della vita”.”
Effetto dose-risposta
In un link
Attirano l’attenzione su una sezione del rapporto di studio che guarda come gli incrementi nell’intelligenza infantile si riferiscono alle cause specifiche della morte. L’hanno paragonato a una prova di droga che guarda l’effetto di diverse dosi.
“Le relazioni dose-risposta più evidenti sono quelle per le malattie cardiovascolari, le malattie coronariche, l’ictus, il cancro legato al fumo e le malattie respiratorie”, notano.
Anche se “le lesioni potrebbero anche essere aggiunte a questa lista”, essi osservano che, tuttavia, lo studio “ci dice che lo stile di vita, e soprattutto il fumo di tabacco, deve essere una componente importante nell’effetto dell’intelligenza sulle differenze di mortalità.” Essi concludono:
“Resta da vedere se questa è la storia completa o se il QI segnala qualcosa di più profondo, e forse genetico, nella sua relazione con la longevità.”<|endoftext|>The course discusses the framework for personalized learning. Focus will be on learning and teaching, encouraging intuition and creativity, comprehension of content material and building on student potential.
What personalized learning is
Understanding the structure of personalized learning
How personalized learning can be implemented
Reaching students outside a formal setting
The required reading is found in the text and a series of articles on the Internet. The required text is: Khan, Salman, 2012, The one world schoolhouse. NY: Hachette Book Group.
2 Semester credits Ed501<|endoftext|>Who now knows the word Comprachicos, and who knows its meaning?
The Comprachicos or Comprapequeños were a hideous and nondescript association of wanderers, famous in the 17th century, forgotten in the 18th, unheard of in the 19th. The Comprachicos are like the ‘succession powder,’ an ancient social characteristic detail. They are part of old human ugliness. To the great eye of history, which sees everything collectively, the Comprachicos belong to the colossal fact of slavery. Joseph sold by his brethren is a chapter in their story. The Comprachicos have left their traces in the penal laws of Spain and England. You find here and there in the dark confusion of English laws the impress of this horrible truth, like the footprint of a savage in a forest.
Comprachicos, the same as Comprapequeños, is a compound Spanish word signifying Child-buyers.
The Comprachicos traded in children. They bought and sold them. They did not steal them. The kidnapping of children is another branch of industry. And what did they make of these children?
To laugh at.
The populace must needs laugh; and kings too. The mountebank is wanted in the streets; the jester at the Louvre. The one is called a Clown, the other a Fool.
The efforts of man to procure himself pleasure are at times worthy of attention of the philosopher.
What are we sketching in these few preliminary pages? A chapter in the most terrible of books; a book which might be entitled – The farming of the unhappy by the happy.
An Excerpt from The Man Who Laughs
Victor Hugo, 1869<|endoftext|>Fernando Alonso, 2018 aracıyla ilgili çalışmaların çok iyi gittiğini söylerken, umutlarının son yılların aksine somut verilere dayandığını söyledi.
2015 yılında başlayan McLaren Honda ortaklığı bir türlü bekleneni veremedi ve sonuç olarak 2017 yılıyla birlikte sonlandırıldı.
Yeni sezonda McLaren'ın güç ünitesi tedarikçisi Renault olurken, Fransız üreticinin geçen yıl Red Bull'la galibiyet ve podyumlar alması İngiliz takımın iştahını kabartıyor.
Yeni Renault motoruyla ilgili verilerin oldukça iyi olduğunu söyleyen Alonso, 2018'e umutlu başlamaları için somut verilere sahip olduklarını söylüyor.
Geçtiğimiz günlerde Daytona'ya katılan Alonso, "Bu projeye inanıyoruz. Bu yıl McLaren olarka bazı değişiklikler yaptık ve bunlardan en belirgin olanı Renault güç ünitesin geçiyor olmamızdı. Bu takım içerisindeki motivasyonu çok yükseltti."
"Son üç yılla karşılaştırdığımda bu yıl hepimizin ruh halinin son yıllara kıyasla çok farklı olduğunu görüyorum."
"Her zaman sezonun bizim için iyi başlayacağını veya iyi gedeceğini düşünüyorduk. Ancak bu yıl önceki yıllara kıyasla daha fazla gerçeğe -verilere- sahibiz. Yani sadece umduğumuz şeyden bahsetmiyorum. Şu anda gözle görülür rakamlar var."
"2018'de podyumda olmak istiyoruz ve fırsat çıkması halinde yarış galibiyetleri için yarışmak istiyoruz. Takımın şu anda bunun için hazır olduğunu düşünüyorum. Üç yıl boyunca yaşanan zorlu mücadelelerin ardından bunun için hazırız."
"Üç yıl boyunca sporu domine etmişseniz ve ertesi yıl rekabetçi değilseniz ya da bu avantaja sahip değilseniz o zaman en iyisini yapmıyorsunuz."
"Bence son üç yılda yaşadığımız mücadeleler takımı son derece güçlendirdi. Bu zorlu mücadele bizi şampiyonluk için hazırladı." dedi.<|endoftext|>Libro: Copertina morbida
anno edizione: 2022
pagine: 346
Pubblicato nel 1909, "Le nevrosi" può essere considerato un'efficace introduzione alla teoria psicologica e psicopatologica di Janet, permettendoci di cogliere i punti fondamentali della sua tecnica terapeutica, che ci appare in tutta la sua modernità. Il volume si propone di studiare alcune delle principali forme assunte dalle nevrosi, e cioè l'isteria - in cui sono compromesse "la percezione personale e la costruzione della personalità" - e la psicoastenia - in cui appaiono disturbate "la volontà, l'attenzione, la funzione del reale". Il testo lascia emergere le due facce di Janet: quella del ricercatore, attento alla descrizione dei fenomeni, e quella del clinico, alle prese con problemi diagnostici e di terapia. Mentre il Janet "ricercatore" è a volte freddo, il clinico è vivace e innovativo, consapevole dell'importanza della relazione con il paziente. Janet si presenta così come un grande sistematizzatore di osservazioni raccolte e classificate in anni di ricerca clinica.<|endoftext|>مینی بوس
در جزیره کیش برای حمل و نقل افراد از مینی بوس استفاده می شود. استفاده از مینی بوس ها در جزیره کیش دارای دو ویژگی خوب می باشد: 1. قیمت مناسب و مقرون به صرفه 2. با توجه به اینکه خیابان های اصلی کیش تحت پوشش مسیر های تردد قرار دارند؛ به این معنی که این یستگاه ها در مقابل اکثر جاذبه های تفریحی و گردشگری کیش واقع شده است. مینی بوس ها در شهر کیش کاملا خلوت هستند و خبری از ازدحام جمعیت در آن ها وجود ندارد. مسیر حرکت مینی بوس ها به دو صورت می باشد
مسیر شماره ۱: از ایستگاه میرمهنا آغاز شده و پس از عبور از ایستگاه های گلدیس، بازار ونوس، میدان ساحل، بازار مروارید، بازار پردیس و چند ایستگاه دیگر در ایستگاه پایانی به پارک دلفین ها متوقف می شود.
مسیر شماره ۲: حرکت خود را از مقابل پارک دلفین ها آغاز کرده و پس از عبور از بازار مرجان، میدان داریوش، میدان ساحل، بازار مروارید، میدان امیر کبیر و چند ایستگاه دیگر شما را در همان ایستگاه ابتدایی پیاده خواهد کرد.<|endoftext|>Per la Procura, "l'articolata architettura del disegno illecito posto in essere da Tedesco" e dagli altri imputati, tra cui gli ex amministratori della clinica Kentron, "avrebbe meritato ben altro approfondimento ed attenzione da parte del giudice" il quale – scrivevano nel ricorso i pm Lino Giorgio Bruno e Francesco Bretone – si sarebbe "limitato a escludere la responsabilità di Tedesco sulla base di argomenti generici e privi di qualunque aderenza alle acquisizioni investigative".
La Cassazione, condividendo le richieste della Procura generale e le discussioni dei difensori Filiberto Palumbo e Rosita Petrelli, ha definitivamente chiuso questa vicenda processuale di Tedesco, tuttavia ancora imputato in un altro processo sulla gestione della sanità regionale tra il 2005 e il 2009. Prima della decisione della Suprema Corte, stamani a Bari è stato rinviato al prossimo 12 marzo il processo nei confronti degli altri 29 imputati, rinviati a giudizio sempre nell’ambito dell’inchiesta sugli accreditamenti con le accuse, a vario titolo, di abuso d’ufficio, falso materiale e ideologico, truffa, corruzione, peculato, rivelazione del segreto d’ufficio.<|endoftext|>目前排在奖金榜第三位的美国球员大卫·克歇尔（David Kocher）与榜首位置的同胞麦克斯·麦克格里维（Max McGreevy）存在166,403元人民币的差距，他表示会在比赛中尽力追赶。株洲精英赛对克歇尔而言，就是一个好机会。36洞比赛战罢，这位23岁的美国球员和来自韩国的郑宇振（Jung Woojin）同以135杆（-9）的表现排名并列榜首。
株洲精英赛第二轮在湘水湾高尔夫球会结束，美国球员大卫·克歇尔本轮捉到5只小鸟，吞下1个柏忌，单轮打出68杆（-4）的表现，总成绩来到135杆（-9）。“我今天打得很不错，在最后两个洞抓到了2只小鸟，给这轮比赛完美画上了句号。尽管今天我的开球表现不佳，但整体来说我已经很满意了。”克歇尔说，“这座球场相对而言我更喜欢前九多一些，前九有更多的抓鸟机会，到目前为止我做得不错。希望之后的比赛我在后九也能有更多好的表现。”
美国球员大卫·克歇尔想要冲击奖金榜首的位置
毕业于马里兰大学的大卫·克歇尔本赛季虽然是首次参与美巡系列赛-中国的角逐，但他并不缺乏比赛经验，业余生涯他就曾在2016年和2017年赢得北卡罗来纳公开赛。2018年夏天，他还曾赢得米莫萨山郡俱乐部锦标赛。
本赛季，这位23岁美国球员将目光放在了美巡系列赛-中国，原因是在这里他有很多熟悉的朋友，目前和他在奖金榜上不分轩轾的特雷弗·思鲁曼就是其中一位。
目前克歇尔与奖金榜首位置的麦克格里维有166,403元人民币的差距
克歇尔参加了本赛季全部前11站比赛，其中五次进入前十，并在海口锦标赛获得冠军。目前这位23岁球员在奖金榜上排名第三位（745,120元人民币）。谈及处在榜首位置的同胞麦克斯·麦克格里维，克歇尔坦言：“麦克斯目前在奖金榜领先于我，我还需要在余下的比赛中继续对他进行追赶，但我并没有给自己太多压力，我只是坚持自己的比赛策略和风格，打好每一杆，尽可能多抓小鸟。”
21岁的韩国小将郑宇振今天捉到7只小鸟，吞下3个柏忌，单轮交出68杆（-4）的成绩单，目前以135杆（-9）的总成绩和克歇尔一道排名并列榜首。
“我今天开局表现慢热，前三个洞捉到1只小鸟，吞下2个柏忌，好在此后慢慢找回状态，总共捉到了7只鸟。”郑宇振说，“比赛中我试图少犯错误，而且有些球运气不错，一些推杆的感觉棒极了。”
韩国小将郑宇振期待获得本届株洲精英赛冠军
来自首尔的郑宇振14岁才开始决定跟随职业教练的父亲学习高尔夫，在青少年阶段收获数个冠军后，他入选了韩国国家队。2017年3月，郑宇振转为了职业球员并活跃在中国和韩国赛场。“我的目标是打美巡赛，美巡系列赛-中国是一个很好的平台和机会。”郑宇振的目标明确。
对于周末两轮的比赛，这位21岁韩国球员表示：“我现在感觉很好，并且处于非常不错的位置，我觉得自己有机会赢得冠军，至少会是一个不错的排名，我期待这场比赛能有一个强势的收尾。”
奖金榜领先者麦克格里维目前在株洲精英赛排名并列第三位
奖金榜领先者麦克斯·麦克格里维两轮比赛战罢，目前以136杆（-8）的总成绩，和中国香港球员杨慕天、日本球员小齐平优和
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可以说出于回声，而非出于话语。如果人在仁与信方面不配合主，那么他也将是这样。
578.如果人不配合主，他会是什么样，这一点也可通过对比来说明：当他觉察和感知到天堂与教会的属灵物时，就好象有某种敌对、不和谐的东西进入一样，诸如臭味扑鼻，噪声入耳，怖象映眼，怪味沾舌。如果仁爱的快乐或信仰的乐趣，真的流入那些以恶与假为乐之人的心智属灵组织结构，如果这快乐与乐趣被强加给他们，那么他们会遭受痛苦折磨，最终陷入昏厥。因为该组织结构由一系列的连续螺旋构成，在这种情况下，它会扭曲成螺旋状，象蚁丘上的蛇一样翻滚。这一事实已通过灵界大量经历向我证实了。
第3节 由于所有人都已被救赎，因此所有人皆可按各自的状态重生
579.为理解这一点，必须先说说救赎的问题。主降世有两个主要目的：将地狱从天人和人那里移走，荣耀祂的人性。因为主来之前，地狱已发展到要骚扰天堂天人的地步了，并且还挡在天堂与尘世中间，切断主与世人的联系，以致神的真理与良善无法从主传给人。结果，全部的诅咒威胁到整个人类，天堂天人也无法长久保全。
故，为了将地狱远远移走，因而除去即将面临的诅咒，主降世逐出地狱，征服它，从而打开通往天堂的道路，以便今后祂能与世人同在，挽救那些照祂诫命生活的人，继而重生并拯救他们。因为凡重生者皆得救。这就是对“由于所有人都已被救赎，因此所有人皆可按各自的状态重生”这句话的理解，并且因为重生与救恩是一回事，所以人皆能得救。故，教会的这一教导，即主若不降临，没人能得救，要这样去理解，主若不降临，没人能重生。
至于主降世的另一目的，即荣耀祂的人性，是因为祂由此成为永远的救世主、再造者和救主。没人相信单凭世上的一次救赎，此后所有人就都得救，但会相信，主将不断拯救那些信靠祂、遵守祂道的人。有关该主题的更多内容，可见于救赎的章节。
580.每个人皆可按各自的状态重生，因为简单人与学者重生的方式不同，同样，有不同追求、从事不同行业的人；探究圣言外在和探究圣言内在的人；被父母带入属世良善和被带入邪恶的人；打小就沉浸在尘世的虚妄和早晚有一天从中抽身的人，也不同。总之，那些构成主的外在教会之人的重生，不同于那些构成其内在教会之人，并且这种多样性，就象人的容貌和秉性的多样性一样，是无限的，然而每个人皆可按各自的状态重生并得救。
这一事实可以从一切重生者所进入的天堂看出来，因为存在三层天堂，最高层，中间层和最低层。那些通过重生获得对主之爱的人进入最高层天堂，获得对邻之爱的人进入中层天堂，仅仅践行外在仁爱，同时承认主是神，救世主和救主的人进入最低层天堂。所有这些人的得救方式都不同。
所有人皆可重生，从而得救，因为主携其圣善、圣真（Divine good and truth）与每个人同在。这就是人的生命、觉知和意愿的能力、连同在属灵物上的选择自由之源头；没人缺乏这些东西。而且，主还赐予获得它们的方法，对于基督徒，是通过圣言，对于有自己宗教信仰的非基督徒，则通过教导存在一位神，以及有关善与恶的戒律。由此可知，人人都能得救，因此人若不得救，不是主的过错，而是人的，因为他不配合。
581.救赎的章节已说明，救赎和十字架受难是截然不同的两件事，决不可混淆，主藉这两件事拿回重生与拯救人类的权柄。由于当今教会接受十字架受难等同于救赎本身的信仰，导致有关神、仁、信，以及如链条的环节一样依赖于这三要素的所有其它事物的一系列可怕虚假，如雨后春笋般涌出来。比如，有关神的信仰是，祂决定诅咒人类，但又甘愿通过将这诅咒加到圣子身上，或由圣子担当它而重施怜悯；并且只有那些通过预见或预定而被恩赐基督功德的人才能得救。由这一谬论又孵化出那信的另一谬论，即被恩赐信的人会瞬间重生，无需自己的任何合作，甚至还声称，他们因此被免除了律法的定罪，不再受制于律法，而是在恩典之下，罔顾主说的话，即祂不会废去律法的一点一画(马太5:18, 19; 路加16:17),祂吩咐自己的门徒传讲悔改，使罪得赦（路加24:47;马可6:12）。祂还说：
神的国近了！你们当悔改，信福音！(马可1:15)
“福音”意味着他们能重生并因此得救。若主没有进行救赎，即通过与地狱争战并战胜它而夺去地狱的力量，若主没有荣耀祂的人性，即使之成圣，那么这一切不可能发生。
582.理性思考一下，然后告诉我，如果当今教会的信真的持续下去，那么整个人类会是什么样，这信声称，救赎唯独经由十字架受难，那些被恩赐主的功德之人，不受制于律法定罪，它还声称，这信（至于它到底在不在他里面，他根本不知道）会赦免他的罪并使他重生，如果当这信被恩赐并进入人内时，人真的配合了它的行动，那么他的合作就会玷污这信，同时丧失救恩，因为他将自己的功德和基督的功德混在了一起。理性想一想，我会说，请告诉我这是否意味着拒绝整本圣言，因圣言的主要教导是，重生通过从罪中的属灵洗礼和践行仁爱进行。那么，改造的起点，即十诫不就成了小商店里出售并用来包香料的纸张吗？宗教信仰不就是“忏悔是一个罪人，并由于神儿子的受难而向父神祈求怜悯”的一声悲叹，因而成了仅仅发自肺的口头祷告，而非发自内心的行为吗？救赎不就成了教皇的一味放纵，或象一个修道士为整个团体受鞭打的惯例吗？如果唯独信使人重生，悔改与仁爱不顶用，那么内在人（即人死后继续活着的灵），不就象一座被焚毁的城市，就象那形成外在人的废墟吗？或象被毛虫与蝗虫荒废的田野或平原吗？这种人在天人看来，完全就象珍爱怀里的毒蛇，并试图把它藏在衣服下面的人，或象沉睡者、与狼同居的羔羊，或象盖着漂亮的毯子，却穿着蜘蛛网制成的睡衣躺卧的人。凡在天堂者皆根据其重生的不同程度有指定的地方，凡在地狱者皆根据其拒绝重生的不同程度有指定的地方，这种情况下，死后的生命不就成了血气的生命，因此就象鱼或蟹的生命了吗？
第4节 人的重生类似他的受孕、在子宫孕育、出生、教育的过程
583.人生活中的属世与属灵事件，即发生在身体层面的一切和发生在灵层面的一切之间存在永久的对应关系。这是因为人就其灵魂而言，生来是属灵的，他披戴着由物质身体构成的属世物。故，当这副身体被抛弃后，他的灵魂会披上属灵的身体，进入万物皆属灵的世界，在此加入他的同类。属灵身体必须在物质身体内被塑成，这一过程通过主经由灵界流入的善与真完成。这些事物以尘世文明道德之类的事物被人内在地接受，所以明显可知塑成的过程是如何进行的。由于如前所述，人生活中的属世与属灵事件之间存在永久的对应关系，所以可推知，这一过程必类似他的受孕、在子宫孕育、出生、教育的过程。正是由于这个原因，在圣言中，属世的生产表示属灵的生产，即善与真的生产。因为凡以圣言字义或属世义提及的事物皆包含和象征某种属灵物。我在圣经一章已充分论证了，圣言字义的一切细节皆包含灵义。
圣言中提及的属世生产指的是属灵生产，从以下经文明显可知：
我们也曾怀孕疼痛，所产的竟像风一样。我们在地上未曾行什么拯救的事。(以赛亚26:18).
大地啊，在神的面前生产吧。(诗篇114:7)
地岂能一日而生？我既使她临产，岂不使她生产呢？我既使她生产，岂能使她闭胎不生呢？(以赛亚66:7-10)
训必劳碌，挪必被攻破。(以西结30:16)
产妇的疼痛必临到他身上；他是无智慧之子，因他迟延不破胎而出。(何西阿书13:12, 13). (还有多处经文)
由于圣言中属世的生产象征属灵的生产，这些是主的工，所以祂被称为造作者和从子宫塑成者，如下所示：
造作你，又从你出胎造就你的耶和华。(以赛亚 44:2)
但你是叫我出母腹的。(诗篇 22:9)
我从出母胎被你扶持，使我出母腹的是你。(诗篇71:6)
你们自出母腹，就蒙我怀抱；自出母胎，就蒙我提携。(以赛亚46:3)(等等)
主由此被称为父 (如以赛亚9:6; 63:16; 约翰10:30; 14:8, 9)。拥有主的善与真之人被称作“儿子”，“从神生的”，他们都是“弟兄”(马太.23:8, 9)。教会被称作母亲(何西阿书 2:2, 5; 以西结16:45) 。
584．由此明显可知，属世生产与属灵生产之间存在对应关系，通过这种对应可推知，受孕、孕育、出生、教育不仅可以用新生来指称，而且这些阶段确实会发生。重生一章以适当次序讨论了它们的性质，在此我只说明，人类的精液在觉知中被内在地孕育，在意愿中成形，由此被输送到睾丸，在此披上属世的包裹物，然后被射入子宫，进入尘世。人的重生和所有植物也存在对应关系。因此，在圣言中，人也被描述为一棵树，他的真理被描述为树的种子，他的良善被描述为树的果实。坏树在某种程度上可以再生，然后结好果和好种子，这一点从嫁接与芽接明显可知，因为虽然同样的树液从根经由树干上升，进入嫁接或芽接点，但它随后会被转化为好树液，将坏树变成好树。对于教会中被嫁接到主那里的人来说，情形也是一样，正如主教导的这些话：
我是葡萄树，你们是枝子；常在我里面的，我也常在他里面，这人就多结果子。人若不常在我里面，就像枝子丢在外面枯干，人拾起来扔在火里烧了。(约翰15:5-6)
585.很多学者认为，植物的生长过程，不论各种树木，还是所有灌木，皆对应于人类的生育。因此，关于这一主题，我会通过附录补充一些内容。树木以及植物王国的所有其它成员都没有两个性别，即雄性和雌性，那里的一切皆为雄性，唯独地或土壤是它们共同的母亲，因而可以说是女性，因为她接受所有果实的种子，打开它们，并将其带入好似一个子宫里，滋养它们，把它们生出来，即将它们带入光明，之后给它们穿衣并供养它们。
种子先是被地打开，然后从根开始生长，这根就象心脏，它由此发出并输送类似血液那样的树液，因此形成一具好象有四肢的躯体。这躯体就是树干本身，而树枝及其小分枝就是它的四肢。它破土而出时长出来的叶子则充当肺，因为正如心离了肺无法产生任何动作与感觉，而人的存活端赖于此，所以根离了叶就无法使树或灌木生长。作为果实雏形的花朵是一种工具，用来提纯树液，即其血液，将较为粗糙的成分从较为纯净的成分里分离出去，并且由于花朵中的树液所包含的这些较为纯净成分的流入，在花朵的至内在又发出一个新的小树茎，提纯后的树液经由这新树茎流入，从而开始并逐渐结出果实（这果实好比睾丸），种子就在这果实里面成熟。于至内在主导树液每一微粒的植物灵魂，或说其繁殖的本质，只出自灵界之热，再无其它源头。由于这热出自灵界太阳，所以它只渴求生殖，以此持续创造。并且由于它本质上渴求繁育人类，所以它使得它所创造的东西都和人有某种相似性。
没人对这种说法感到惊讶，即植物王国的成员全是雄性，唯独地或土壤就象它们共同的母亲，因此可以说是女性。这一点可通过蜜蜂的类似现象来说明，根据斯瓦姆默丹（荷兰博物学家，出版过《自然界圣经》）有关自然的书籍中所记载的观察资料，蜜蜂只有一个共同的母亲，它生育了蜂巢中的所有后代。既然连这些小昆虫都只有一个共同的母亲，那么一切植物为何不能如此呢？
地是共同的母亲，在属灵的层面，这一点也可从以下事实来说明，即在圣言中，“地”表教会，教会是我们共同的母亲，在圣言中也是如此称谓的。关于“地”表教会，可查阅《破解启示录》(n. 285, 902)，此处说明了这一点。但地或土能进入种子的至内在，甚至直达其繁殖性能，将它生产出来，还使其生生不息，是因为尘埃或粉尘的每一至微颗粒，都从它的精髓发出一种微妙的、可穿透种子的气体，这是灵界热的活动所带来的果效。
586.人只能逐渐重生，这一点可通过存在于自然界的每一事物来说明。一棵树不可能一天之内长成参天大树，而是先从种子开始生长，接着发出根，然后长成变成茎的嫩芽，由此发展出枝和叶，最后开花、结果。大小麦也不是一天之内收获的；房子不是一天建成的；人也不是一天就长足身量，何况智慧；教会也不是一天建立并完善的。若没有一个起点，就不可能有朝向目标的任何发展。对重生持不同观念者，对仁和信一无所知，也不知道这二者的增长都取决于人与主的合作。所有这一切清楚表明，人的重生类似他的受孕、在子宫孕育、出生、教育的过程。<|endoftext|>250 g di riso integrale
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important to me," said Ms. Villa-Komaroff. "It's also the inevitable consequence of being the eldest in a family of six kids." One of her chief advisors was Mr. Gilbert, who led her into the biotechnology business.
Ms. Villa-Komaroff is optimistic about the future. "More Hispanics students are expressing an interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics," she said. "We continue to be seriously under-represented in these very satisfying fields, especially in positions of influence, ... but as more women and minorities get into the field, things will get better."
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- Russia Holds Large Military Drills in South
- Navarro Celebrates 2 Years of Vida Mia
- Herbalife Puts Off Meeting for Icahn Talks<|endoftext|>* خم کردن گردن مشکل سازه، به خصوص اگه در حالت های ناجور و به مدت طولانی باشه.
با کوتاه تر کردن ارتفاع صندلی یا افزایش ارتفاع میزتون از خم شدن دائمی و زیادتر از اندازه گردن جلوگیری کنین.
* بهتره صندلی ماشین تون دارای تکیه بعضی وقتا واسه گردن باشه، تکیه بعضی وقتا که هنگام تصادف یا ترمز شدید، از خم شدن یهویی گردن به عقب پشگیری کنه، چون این حرکت شدید ممکنه باعث آسیب نخاع یا شکستگی مهره گردن شه.
* یکی از عادت های غلطی که خیلی ها واسه مطالعه کردن دارن، اینه که سرشون رو خیلی زیاد و واسه یه مدت طولانی به سمت پایین خم می کنن، یا بعضی ها عادت دارن به صورت طاق باز دراز بکشن و چند عدد بالش زیر گردن شون بذارن و بعد کتاب رو روی قفسه سینه شون بذارن و مطالعه کنن. بعضی ها هم برعکس این کار رو انجام می بدن، یعنی به شکم می خوابند و کتاب رو جلویشان می گذارن و مجبورند سر و گردن رو به سمت عقب خم کنن تا بتونن کتاب رو بهتر ببینین. این عادت ها در طولانی مدت می تونه به گردن درد منجر شه.
* بهتره از میزهایی مانند میز تحریر مدارس استفاده کنیم که پایه های جلویی بلندتر و پایه های عقبی کوتاه تری دارن.
* بهترین روش واسه مطالعه، به کار گیری میزهای شیب دار یا میزهای مهندسیه که نمی گذارد گردن زیاد خم شه.
* بلندی بالش تون باید در حدی باشه که سر و گردن در امتداد بقیه بدن قرار بگیره، چه به پشت بخوابین چه به پهلو. پس به کار گیری بالشای بلند که دلیل بالا رفتن گردن از امتداد ستون فقرات می شه، مناسب نیس.
*
منبع : tebyan.net<|endoftext|>资质荣誉(两大认证)
1.BSCI：
全称Business Social Compliance Initiative BSCI是倡议商界遵守社会责任组织 要求公司在世界范围的生产工厂里，运用BSCI监督系统来持续改善社会责任标准。 要求有验厂。另外是Cisco认证资深网络支持工程师。
BSCI认证特点：
1.一个认证应付不同的客人，减少国外客户对供应商的第二方审核，节省费用；
2.更大程度的符合当地法规要求；
3.建立国际公信力，提高企业形象；
4.使消费者对产品建立正面情感；
5.稳固与采购商的合作，并拓宽新市场
BSCI认证的好处：
1.履行客人的要求。
2.一个认证应付不同的客人 – 减少不同的买家在不同时间来进行验厂的次数。
3.提升工厂的形象及地位。
4.提升管理系统。
5.改善与员工的关系。
6.提高生产力从而提高利润。
7.最小化潜在的商业风险比如工伤乃至工亡，法律诉讼或者是失去订单。
8.为长期的发展奠定坚实的基础。
2.迪士尼认证：
迪斯尼认证就是迪斯尼的一种信用保证形式，通过迪斯尼公司发出，经过迪斯尼公司确认的。迪斯尼公司在世界各地都有自己的品牌的供应商，各种不同的公司做迪斯尼的产品和需要用到迪斯尼的品牌，需要迪斯尼给一个认证才可以生产。
迪士尼认证在出口的时候需要提交给中国海关，以证明货是经过授权的；另外目的港海关也需要这个认证，证明你的产品是合法途径进来的，而不是仿冒迪士尼的牌子。（迪士尼认证属于客户人权类的验厂，迪士尼公司在向工厂采购时需要工厂提供迪士尼出具的FAMA证书，才能开始生产订单，否则没有经过认证生产出来的都是属于仿牌产品。）<|endoftext|>Salamandra
(Reindirizzamento da Salamandre)Jump to navigation Jump to search
Citazioni sulla salamandra.
- La curva era rilassata come una salamandra | la gatta la puntò in mezzo agli occhi... (Ennio Rega)
- La salamandra nel foco raffina la sua scorza. Per la virtù: questa non ha membra passive, e non si prende la cura d'altro cibo che di foco, e spesso in quello rinnova la sua scorza. (Leonardo da Vinci)
- Nel nostro tempo si deve disporre della calma della salamandra se si vuole raggiungere i propri obiettivi. (Ernst Jünger)<|endoftext|>Christina’s Prison by Andrew Wyeth
Andrew Wyeth was one of the best-known American artists of the 20th century, predominately recognized for his realist paintings in an American regionalism style. He grew up in a family that treasured being close to nature, praising Henry David Thoreau and fostering Wyeth’s appreciation of the outdoors. In this piece, titled Christina’s World, Wyeth focuses on his neighbor Christina Olson as she lies in the grass and looks toward her farmhouse. Christina’s ability to walk was compromised by a neurological disorder, and she spent most her days at home.
Wyeth found his inspiration to create this piece at his summer house in Maine, looking through a window toward the neighboring house while Christina crawled through the field. The angle her upper body makes with her lower body suggests to us that there is a helplessness about her. Wind wisps her hair away from her face, leaving her facial expression up to our imagination. Wyeth manipulated the space between the main house and the smaller houses, adding space between all of the structures. In this, he gives us Christina’s sense of the distance she trekked merely to maneuver between the buildings that make up her home, allowing us to experience space the way Christina does. Because of her immobility, her position in the painting marks the edge of her world. From where she lies on the ground she can perceive her entire universe.
Overall, Wyeth created a dismal image with gray skies and tall, dying grass. However, this painting was done at Wyeth’s summer house, so we know that in reality the grass was probably green and the sky was probably bright. Thus, we wonder why he chose to create this melancholy presence. Perhaps, Wyeth believed Christina’s world was bleak and miserable because it functioned more like a prison, confining her from the vast world beyond her own (the world that Wyeth has come to know and appreciate). He could be reminding us that in order to escape bleak worlds we must travel to new places and connect with nature and our surroundings in new ways.
What do you think about this piece?<|endoftext|>|Santa Maria del Priorato|
|English name:||Our Lady of the Priory|
|Architect(s):||Giovanni Battista Piranesi|
|Address:||Piazza dei Cavalieri di Malta|
Santa Maria del Priorato is an 18th century convent church at Piazza dei Cavalieri di Malta 4, which is in the rione Aventino (the historic rione Ripa).
The dedication is to the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The church is often described as monastic. It is not (although it used to be) and neither, strictly speaking, is it a convent church. This is because the owners, the Sovereign Order of Malta, is a chivalric order and not a religious congregation, because its members make promises instead of taking vows.
The headquarters of the order is not here, but at Palazzo Malta at Via dei Condotti 68. The institution on the Aventine is often called the Villa del Priorato di Malta, a relic of the times when the Order had a Grand Prior (its head is now called the Grand Master).
The Order claims sovereignty in international law (before the 19th century it was the government of Malta), and so some people argue that these two properties are not part of Italy. The question has generated much published legal analysis.
The premises are usually referred to in English as the Priory.
Foundation of monasteryEdit
The first monastery was founded here in 939, when Alberic II, Duke of Spoleto and warlord-ruler of Rome, gave his fortress palace to St Odo of Cluny. This was during the so-called Pornocracy, one of the lowest points in the city's history, so Alberic had a lot on his conscience. The dedication of the new abbey was to St Basil.
Odo was the abbot of Cluny, a powerful Benedictine abbey in France which was the centre of a massive reform of monastic life in western Europe at the time. Their establishment in Rome marked the historical arrival of the Benedictines in the city -although they were to falsely pretend later that they had been there for four hundred years already. The order was to found twenty abbeys in Rome, and the abbots of these had a high status at the papal court. The abbot of this abbey of St Basil on the Aventine was one of these.
The most famous alleged member of the monastic community was Hildebrand, better known as Pope St Gregory VII. According to Benedictine hagiography, he studied and took his first monastic vows here as a young man because the abbot was his uncle. He certainly studied at Rome, but his link with the abbey is not well documented and there is doubt as to whether he was ever a Benedictine monk at all.
The monastery failed by the end of the 11th century, which was earlier than the total breakdown of Benedictine monastic life in the city a century later. The circumstances seem to be unrecorded, but by the year 1138 the complex was the Roman praeceptory (convent) of the Knights Templar.
This chivalric order had been founded in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1120, after the First Crusade conquered the city in 1099, and it took over the Haram al-Sharif from the Muslims. This was the site of the former Temple, hence the name. (Incidentally, many Templar churches in Europe were round, in imitation of the Dome of the Rock which the order converted into their main church.)
As with many of their other properties, the convent was donated by the pope to the Knights Hospitaller of St John of Jerusalem, the direct ancestors of the present Knights of Malta. This was founded in Jerusalem in 1113, but the pilgrim hospice which was the original focus of its activities had already been founded by Italian merchants in 1023. It was built on the site of an old monastery dedicated to St John the Baptist, hence the full name of the order.
The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem came to an end with the fall of Acre in 1291. After a pause, the knights conquered the island of Rhodes from the Byzantine Empire in 1310 and ruled it in their own right. This is when they became a sovereign order.
About the same time as they obtained the Aventine property in 1312, the Hospitallers established a casa or hospice complex at San Giovanni Battista dei Cavalieri di Rodi near the Forum. This was their original Roman headquarters, which they had restored in 1466.
The knights were ejected from Rhodes by the Ottomans in 1522, and were granted the island of Malta by Emperor Charles V in 1530. It was then that they obtained their modern name.
The headquarters of the knights was moved was moved from San Giovanni Battista to here in 1566, and in response the complex was restored again in 1568. The former headquarters were given up (although the Knights returned to it in the mid 20th century). What was left after the two restorations was the church, plus an L-shaped wing adjacent to the church's right and a separate block attached to the far left hand side of the church.
In 1765, the entire property was remodelled on the orders of Giovanni Battista Rezzonico, who had become Grand Master of the order in 1762 and was later to be a cardinal. He was related to Pope Clement XII. Famously, he entrusted the project to Giovanni Battista Piranesi, who designed and built the church, the little convent block adjacent, the monumental entrance piazza and the gardens (although the Nolli map of 1748 shows the gardens as very similar in layout to those there now). This is Piranesi's only church, and he was proud enough of it to have himself buried there in 1778.
As an early example of the neo-Classical style on the part of a famous artist, the design of the edifice was internationally influential at the time.
When it was built, the establishment functioned in effect as the embassy of the government of Malta at Rome. However, the knights were humiliatingly expelled from Malta by Napoleon in 1798, and after the emperor's dowfall the islanders made it very clear that they preferred to be ruled by Britain.
The dispersed knights made Rome their definitive headquarters in 1834. They had to find a new rôle, and did so by undertaking humanitarian and hospital work of a sort that was later much more systematically attended to by the Red Cross. This remains their justification for existence to the present day.
Layout of premisesEdit
The Priory occupies a corner of the Aventine Hill, and has steep and inaccessible slopes on two sides. The only access is from Piazza dei Cavaliere di Malta, which was laid out by Piranesi as part of his overall design. There is a monumental entrance gateway on this, but the portal only leads into the gardens. The actual entrance is down a vicolo or alleyway from the corner of the piazza, which turns right through a gate to the front of the church. This has always been the way in historically.
Piranesi kept the old layout, but extended the buildings a little. There is a rectangular block sharing the far left hand side wall of the church, and the separate L-shaped block shares most of the right hand side wall. Piranesi extended this a little towards the entrance.
There are three separate garden areas. One is a straight garden pathway from the monumental entrance, leading to a terrace overlooking the river valley. This path is edged by high hedges, and next to it is a large pavilion or summer house. A small formal garden, not perfectly square in layout, fits into the L-shaped block and marks the site of the old abbey cloister. To the south of this is a larger, main garden.
That is all.
The monumental piazza was an innovation by Piranesi, as no piazza was here before. It has screen walls on three sides, the way in to the Priory at top right and the garden gateway to the right.
The far wall has a tablet commemorating the work commissioned by Cardinal Rezzonico. This is part of a stele set into the wall with a segmental pediment, embellished by a pair of ball finials. This structure is flanked by obelisks, and two pairs of ball finials are on top of the wall on either side. The epigraph reads: Ioannes Baptista Rezzonico, SS Domini nostris Clementis PP XIII fratris filius ac magnus prior, ut locum maiestatem augeret, aream hanc laxandam curavit APGN MDCCLXV.
The left hand wall has two steles with segmental pediments, similarly set into the wall. These are also flanked by obelisks, and are on either side of a monumental and tall round-headed stele on top of the wall. The three feature shields bearing the cross emblem of the Order, fantistically embellished (note that the two side stelas have different decorations). The side stelas features the familar Maltese cross, but the central stela features the earlier Greek cross used by the Knights of Rhodes. The change in the symbol occurred in the 15th century.
The garden entrance features an armilustrium, which was a ritual cleaning and storage of weapons of war in ancient Roman times. The theme is taken up in the decoration of the church.
The portico is a horizontal rectangular composition, with an entablature running along the top. Above the arched entrance portal is a triangular pediment, and the frontage below this is brought forward slightly as are vertical strips at the outer corners. Eight tasselled pendant block posts are attached to the entablature, with narrow panels below those at the outer corners and flanking the portal so as to give the impression of pilasters. These four posts have the Maltese cross embellished with ribbons below them.
Flanking the portal are four recessed blank tablets with frames in relief. Above these are two horizontal rectangular panels featuring the armilustrum, and also the double-headed eagle within a wreath (the eagle derives from the Rezzonico coat-of-arms). Between these panels and the four below are four shields with the Rhodes cross. Over the portal is a relief of a ship with flags.
The left hand armilustrum panel features a snake, which occurs also on the church façade. Some people find this sinister, but it derives from the caduceus which is a symbol of the medical profession.
The keyhole of the door of the monumental gateway is famous, and is now on the main tourist trail in Rome. This is because, if you look through it and the weather permits, you'll see that the dome of St Peter's is perfectly and symmetrically framed by the two tall hedges either side of the garden path. The keyhole was deliberately located here, as part of Piranesi's excellent design.
The keyhole has predictably attracted urban legends. One, certainly false and probably malicious modern one alleges that the author Dan Brown urinated through the keyhole into the eye of a Dutch woman tourist while on a visit to the Priory. This is a recent recesion of a legend that goes back decades, if not centuries. Another modern one, which proves that the people who invent such things keep up with the times, alleges that a woman tourist had hysterics after finding herself viewing a pornographic video on somebody's mobile phone. The knights and the organizers of visits apparently know nothing of any of this, and claim that visitors to the Pri
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کل تاریخ به عنوان یک دولت است. حداقل یکی از آن کرسی سنا شده است به نمایندگی از جمهوری خواه یا اواخر بهداشت ، تد استیونس یا کسی که با نام Murkowski از سال 1968. آن قابل توجه ترین شکل تا کنون در سیاسی ملی مرحله معینی “هاکی” تبدیل فرماندار تبدیل معاون نامزد ریاست جمهوری.
اما دموکرات ها در آلاسکا و در کمربندی در حال سنجش تغییر و به طور فزاینده ای در خوش بینانه در مورد شانس خود را برای رقابت در اینجا—به خصوص در کنگره نژادها که در آن دو دموکراتیک تراز نامزدهای مستقل در حال جذب ملی دلار و استعداد خود را در تلاش برای سرنگون کردن دو ایران امتیازهای.
در سال 2018 جوان است که معمولا انتخاب رساندهاند آمد عرض 6 امتیاز از شکست به مستقل Alyse گالوین, بدون سرمایه گذاری ملی در این مسابقه است. گالوین در حال اجرا است دوباره در برابر جوان در سال 2020 و یک بررسی اخیر از pollster داده ها برای پیشرفت در بر داشت دو نامزد به طور موثر گره خورده است. و آلاسکا اول دوره اوباما سناتور دن سالیوان نگاه کرد فقط کمی آسیب پذیر به ملی حزب دموکرات به عنوان چهره او گشتند. او کشیده معتبر چلنجر جراح ارتوپدی Al ناخالص و حزبی طبخ سیاسی گزارش شده است نقل مکان کرد در این مسابقه به رقابتی آن ستون با استناد به نظرسنجی نشان می دهد که در این مسابقه تقریبا حتی.<|endoftext|>|FT News | Inside AOPA | TRAINING PRODUCTS | FINAL EXAM|
‘Splashes of yellow’
A pilot writing in the AOPA Forums wrestled with a question about a familiar characteristic of VFR navigation charts. “I have looked and can't find a definitive answer to the intent of the yellow areas on sectional charts. I know some people are absolutely convinced it is an identification of ‘populated places,’ which they interpret to mean congested areas requiring at least 1,000 feet agl (of altitude). While I see the reference to ‘populated places’ in some documents, that does not match well with what I see on the charts, and makes me wonder what the purpose would be in identifying the populated places on a sectional chart.”
The pilot weighed various explanations for yellow splashes but found them in conflict with the reality on the ground. Complicating matters, the pilot added, “the yellow is not identified on the legend for the chart.”
How would you answer this excellent question?
A good place to start your research would be the Aeronautical Chart User’s Guide . Page 20 illustrates three categories of outlines for populated places. The smaller the populated place, the less the detail.
Further insight is gleaned from the Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge . Discussing cross-country navigation, Chapter 14 says: “Appropriate checkpoints should be selected along the route and noted in some way. These should be easy-to-locate points, such as large towns, large lakes and rivers, or combinations of recognizable points, such as towns with an airport, towns with a network of highways, and railroads entering and departing. Normally, choose only towns indicated by splashes of yellow on the chart.”
Perhaps the best application of the yellow splashes is for nocturnal navigation: “Larger towns and cities are shown in yellow, and the yellow closely resembles the overall pattern of city lights you'll see on a clear night,” wrote Robert N. Rossier in the August 1997 AOPA Flight Training feature, “ Chart basics.” Indeed, the pilot asking the question was leaning toward this conclusion, but hesitated because to “rely” on charts for night navigation was of only limited value.
Don’t rely on a single, ambiguous source—that’s the most instructive lesson of the inquiry. Gathering multiple sources and erring on the side of caution promote safety and compliance with altitude regulations.
Correction: The April 3 “ Training Tip” gave an erroneous reference for reviewing the results of some airman knowledge tests. For knowledge tests taken on or after Sept. 28, 2007, refer to the Learning Statement Codes provided in this FAA reference guide to determine the applicable subject material to review. For tests taken before that date, the subject codes listed in Advisory Circular 60-25F remain in effect until the last of those knowledge-test results expires on Sept. 30, 2009.
YOUR PARTNER IN TRAINING
Extra-careful preflight is required for night flying: organizing the cockpit (including making sure you have flashlights and plenty of fresh batteries to power them), choosing checkpoints, and pondering emergency situations. The challenges are greater, but so are the rewards. The special skills of night flying can only be acquired and maintained by taking frequent night flights. See our aviation subject report and the AOPA Air Safety Foundation's Safety Hot Spot on night flying for more information.
Did you know that student pilots who join AOPA are three times more likely to complete their flight training? Membership includes unlimited access to aviation information by phone (800/USA-AOPA, weekdays from 8:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern time) or from AOPA Flight Training Online or AOPA Online. If you're not already a member, join today and get the pilot's edge. Login information is available online.
A naturalized Canadian citizen from Turkey, Adam Leon, stole a Cessna 172 on April 6 from the Ontario flight school where he was a student. He then penetrated U.S. airspace, flying south to Missouri before landing on a dirt road later that night. Fighter jets were dispatched immediately and escorted the stolen aircraft shortly after it crossed the Canada-U.S. border. A U.S. Customs and Border Protection aircraft also followed the Skyhawk. North American Aerospace Defense Command monitored the situation and determined that the student pilot did not show hostile intent, precluding the use of lethal force. Leon, who was enrolled in Confederation College's aviation flight management program, stole the Skyhawk from the college at Thunder Bay. “This incident highlights the need for U.S. schools to follow the flight school security guidelines and for pilots to participate in the joint TSA-AOPA Airport Watch Program," said Craig Spence, AOPA vice president of regulatory affairs. Read more >>
Which type of weather kills more pilots than all others combined? What fatal mistakes do pilots make again and again? Stark questions—but understanding accident statistics can help keep us from contributing to them. Take a practical look inside the AOPA Air Safety Foundation's new Joseph T. Nall Report and test your knowledge of accident causes with the foundation's latest safety quiz. With interactive questions and graphics, the quiz pulls real-world lessons from the numbers and provides valuable safety advice.
CAPT Program’s financial woes continue
A Florida flight school catering to mostly Chinese students is fighting to stay in business after three months of financial turmoil. The Commercial Pilot Training Program (CAPT) trained mostly foreign students but had a half-dozen domestic students. The Chinese students’ visas are expiring; they face eviction from their apartments; and they can find little information on what is happening at the school, which suspended flight operations earlier this year. Read More >>
Utah professional pilot school closes
Utah-based National Pilot Academy has closed its doors, leaving behind students enrolled in accelerated professional pilot programs at locations in Utah, Arizona, Nevada, and Florida. School officials said that the academy is closing temporarily and attributed the situation to economic conditions and “the banking crisis” in a March 10 e-mail sent to flight instructors and other staff, according to the Arizona Daily Star .
The Sun ’n Fun Fly-In that will take place in Lakeland, Fla., April 21 through 26, traditionally kicks off the fly-in season. Friday, April 24, is AOPA Day—and among other events, AOPA is hosting a panel discussion on flight training and learning to fly. We hope you can join us from 2 to 3 p.m. in the AOPA Pavilion, a large, open-air facility right next to the Sun 'n Fun Air Museum. Any students or flight instructors interested in participating in the panel are invited to e-mail Mike Collins, editor of AOPA Flight Training.
Hertz lets you drive out of Florida for $3 a day
Winter is officially over, and it’s time for many snow birds to leave the warm nest of Florida. Why not take advantage of Hertz’s Florida Drive Out promotion? For $3 a day ($14.99 per week) you can rent an economy vehicle for your one-way journey. Slightly higher rates apply for larger vehicles. Book your trip by April 12 for rentals starting April 13 through June 30, and mention “RQ 1Way.” Use the AOPA discount CDP# 10232 for additional savings. A portion of all revenue generated will be returned to AOPA and reinvested to support our daily efforts to maintain the freedom, safety, and affordability of general aviation. See the Web site for details and reservations.
AvWxWorkshops offers interactive weather training
AvWxWorkshops is offering detailed weather training on specific topics with Web-based videos in a subscription service. The site has a growing library of short videos that are “designed to take you beyond the basics and help fill in those gaps in knowledge and touch on areas you have yet to explore.” The workshops are based on scenarios from real or theoretical flights. Topics range from TAFs and convective outlooks to cloud types and air mass modification. Individual videos can be purchased for under $10, and yearly subscriptions are offered for $99.
Note: Products listed have not been evaluated by ePilot editors unless otherwise noted. AOPA assumes no responsibility for products or services listed or for claims or actions by manufacturers or vendors.
Question: What’s the difference between a generator and an alternator?
Answer: The alternator and the generator both create electricity for use in the airplane. The primary difference between the two lies in the moving parts. In a generator, the wire armature moves back and forth near a magnet to create an electrical current. In an alternator, a magnet spins inside a coil of wire (usually copper). While both alternators and generators create electricity, the alternator gets the job done much more efficiently. Most aircraft in production today utilize an alternator for electrical current.
Got a question for our technical services staff? E-mail [email protected] or call the Pilot Information Center, 800/872-2672. Don't forget the online archive of "Final Exam" questions and answers, searchable by keyword or topic.
Pilots love to take photos, and they love to share them with other pilots. Now you can upload your flying photos to our brand-new online gallery, "Air Mail." Share your special aviation images, or view and rate more than 1,000 photos and counting. Highly rated photos will get put into rotation on the AOPA home page!
what’s new online
A blustery day creates a hazardous situation for a banner-towing pilot in the latest installment of Never Again Online. Enjoy the lessons you learn from these pilots' first-hand accounts? Listen to more stories in AOPA's Never Again Podcast directory brought to you by the AOPA Insurance Agency.
AVIATION EVENTS & WEATHER
Want something to do this weekend? Planning an aviation getaway? See your personalized online calendar of events . We've enhanced our calendar so that with one click you can see all of the events listed in the regions you selected when personalizing ePilot . Now you can browse events listed two weeks to a few months out to make your planning easier. You can also bookmark the personalized calender page to check it as often as you want. Before you take off on an adventure, make sure you check our current aviation weather provided by Jeppesen.
Flight Instructor Refresher Clinics
The next AOPA Air Safety Foundation Flight Instructor Refresher Clinics are scheduled in Denver, Colo., Indianapolis, Ind., and Cincinnati, Ohio, April 18 and 19; San Diego, Calif., Tampa, Fla., and, Boston, Mass., April 25 and 26; Pensacola, Fla., and Houston,Texas, May 2 and 3; Fort Lauderdale, Fla., and Albany, N.Y., May 16 and 17; Sacramento, Calif., and Kansas City, Mo., May 30 and 31. For a complete schedule, see AOPA Online.
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AOPA Air Safety Foundation Safety Seminars
AOPA Air Safety Foundation Safety Seminars are scheduled in Clayton, Mo., and Danville, Va., April 14; Warrensburg, Mo., and Richmond, Va., April 15; Springfield, Mo., and Hampton, Va., April 16; Concord, Calif., April 20; Fresno, Calif., April 21; Palmdale, Calif., April 22; San Luis Obispo, Calif., and Lakeland, Fla., April 23; Lakeland, Fla., April 24 and 25; Boise, Idaho, April 27; Highland Heights, Ky., and Salt Lake City, Utah, April 28. Topics vary—for details and a complete schedule, see AOPA Online.
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Editorial Team : ePilot Flight Training Editor : Jill Tallman | ePilot Editor: Alyssa Miller | Contributor: Alton Marsh<|endoftext|>primogeniture, in law, the rule of inheritance whereby land descends to the oldest son. Under the feudal system of medieval Europe, primogeniture generally governed the inheritance of land held in military tenure (see feudalism; knight). The effect of this rule was to keep the father's land for the support of the son who rendered the required military service. When feudalism declined and the payment of a tax was substituted for military service, the need for primogeniture disappeared. In England, consequently, there was enacted the Statute of Wills (1540), which permitted the oldest son to be entirely cut off from inheriting, and in the 17th cent. military tenure was abolished; primogeniture is, nevertheless, still customary in England. In the United States primogeniture never became widely established. For other traditional types of inheritance, see gavelkind; borough-English.
More on primogeniture from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Legal Terms and Concepts<|endoftext|>Studies describing intricate patterns of DNA methylation in nematode and ciliate are controversial due to the uncertainty of genomic evolutionary conservation of DNA methylation enzymes. highly variable. Notably most of the commonly used non-mammalian model organisms (yeast fruit travel and worm but not Arabidopsis) lack genomic DNA methylation. Genome projects that have emerged in the past few years however have repeatedly exhibited that DNA methylation is usually far more Geldanamycin common than one would expect from the lack of DNA methylation in model organisms. These studies converge to establish DNA methylation as an evolutionarily ancient regulatory mechanism and show that the loss of DNA methylation is derived and is generally a lineage-restricted evolutionary event. The distribution of DNA methylation enzymes across the tree of life provides a complementary view. Methylations of DNA themes are achieved by two unique classes of DNA methylation enzymes dnmt1 and dnmt3. These enzymes are widely distributed in eukaryotic genomes yet are frequently gained or lost from genomes as a result of gene duplications and losses in specific lineages . Species exhibiting functional DNA methylation generally encode a ‘total’ set of both dnmt1 and dnmt3 in their genomes. Species lacking DNA methylation such as the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans seem to have lost DNA methylation enzymes from their genomes. Furthermore functional studies have started to elucidate the regulatory need for Geldanamycin DNA methylation in procedures such as choice splicing gene appearance and phenotypic plasticity in non-model microorganisms [3 4 Two content in this matter of Genome Biology [5 6 additional our knowledge of the phylogenetic distribution and useful assignments of DNA methylation. At the same time they increase many questions. These research describe DNA methylation from organisms which were thought to lack functional DNA methylation traditionally. Uncertainty about the evolutionary conservation of DNA methylation enzymes in the genomes of the analysis microorganisms makes these reviews rather controversial. Nematode DNA methylation and days gone by background of DNA methylation enzymes Gao et al. report proof useful DNA methylation in the nematode Trichinella spiralis. This types is normally a parasitic worm that diverged early in the progression of nematodes. Unlike the free-living C. elegans T. spiralis spends the majority of its lifestyle routine within mammalian hosts leading to trichinellosis which really is a world-wide zoonotic disease. The entire lifestyle cycle of T. spiralis is split into three levels roughly. The initial stage is muscles larvae (MLs) which quickly develop to intimate adults. After intimate Geldanamycin adults partner newborn larvae (NBLs) are created. These NBLs after that localize to several muscular areas via the blood stream and form a fresh era of MLs. Gao et al. analyzed the proteins repertoire encoded with the T. spiralis genome and discovered that it contains a complete group of DNA methylation enzymes. Particularly they recognized genes that seem to be homologous to dnmt1 and dnmt3. They then probed for the presence of DNA methylation directly by several methods including liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry targeted bisulfite PCR methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) followed by qPCR and whole genome sequencing of bisulfite-converted genomic DNA. These analyses reveal a complex picture of DNA methylation. The level of DNA methylation in T. spiralis varies dramatically between existence Geldanamycin phases. The authors estimate the adult and ML genomes show low levels of DNA methylation in which approximately 1.5% of Efnb2 all cytosines are methylated roughly similar to the level of DNA methylation observed in hymenopteran insects. Remarkably however DNA methylation was almost undetectable in the NBL genome. Gao et al. Geldanamycin further compared differential genomic methylation between existence phases with differential gene manifestation (using RNA sequencing methods). They uncovered a generally bad correlation between gene manifestation and DNA methylation of upstream areas. Moreover some of the genes well known to be involved in the.
Continuous dopaminergic delivery is recognized for the capacity to ameliorate symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). and/or frequent OFF periods and/or severe dyskinesias in spite of optimized oral therapy are situations where LCIG may be considered and when treatment of advanced symptoms by means of DBS or continuous subcutaneous infusion with apomorphine is contraindicated ineffective or SNX-5422 otherwise unsuitable. The patient selection is based on the clinical assessment made by a neurologist specialized in movement disorders. The definition of a patient is dependent on a previous good response to Levodopa and is difficult to quantify. A partial good response i.e. general clinical improvement on the UPDRS to oral Levodopa has been suggested as guidance . However the clinical impression of a treatment effect remains greatly based on individual experience with the treating physician. LCIG may be used in the elderly people. Dementia is not per se a contraindication for LCIG in cases where relatives can handle the therapy SNX-5422 and the device. The outlook for patients with dementia becoming less physically dependent as the motor deficits improve is positive. Still LCIG should be avoided in patients with severe dementia. Absolute contraindications for the use of LCIG comprise
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ità 5!
- Prendete ora uno stampo per plumcake imburratelo e infarinatelo e nel frattempo preriscaldate il forno a 180° in modalità statico.
- Versate il composto nello stampo livellate la superficie, disponete sulla superficie le fettine di mela e infornate il plumcake per circa 45 -50 minuti, effettuate la prova stecchino per verificare la cottura del dolce, se lo stecchino esce umido di impasto fate cuocere il plumcake ancora un pò.
- Una volta che il dolce sarà pronto sfornatelo e lasciatelo raffreddare, mi raccomando prima di sfornarlo effettuate la prova stecchino per verificare la cottura del dolce, se lo stecchino esce umido di impasto fate cuocere il plumcake ancora un pò!
- Una volta che il dolce sarà ben raffreddato spolveratelo con un po’ di zucchero a velo se lo gradite e servitelo ai vostri ospiti con un bel caffè o una tazza di buon tè caldo!
Potete seguirci anche su Telegram ⇒ LE RICETTE BIMBY
Se volete RICEVERE LE MIE NUOVE RICETTE OGNI GIORNO IN ANTEPRIMA SU WHATSAPP salvate il mio numero di telefono 3886946238, memorizzatelo come LE RICETTE BIMBY e scrivetemi su whatsapp il vostro NOME e COGNOME con testo RICETTE BIMBY DEL GIORNO e sarò lieta di inviarvele!
Se questa ricetta vi è piaciuta continuate a seguirmi e se vi va mettete mi piace sulla mia pagina Facebook >> Ricette con il Bimby facili clicca qua per tornare alla HOMEPAGE
PLUMCAKE ALLE MELE BIMBY<|endoftext|>Android手机被攻入
全球有超过100万Android手机用户被攻入，情况仍正在蔓延。
被称为Gooligan的黑客，据说是至今为止，最大的Google帐户漏洞，容许攻击者进入用户的电子邮件，照片和文件档案。
世界最大的网络安全供应商Check Point表示，当用户在易受攻击的Android设备上，下载以及安装受感染的应用程式时，每天都有大约13,000部装罝被攻破。
恶意软件窃取了可用于Google Play，Gmail，Google Photos, Google Docs, G Suite, Google Drive 等。
澳洲前联邦警察指挥官费尔(Nigel Phair)说，黑客是透过Android上的假应用程序进行攻击。<|endoftext|>Tara Singh Ghaiba
Chief of the Dallevalia Clan (1717-1807)
Named after the village of Dalleval to which its founder, Gulab Singh, belonged. Tara Singh was a shepherd-turned-outlaw who joined Gulab Singh Dallevalia in his plundering raids. His dexterity in lifting cattle and flocks of sheep and his ingenuity in transporting them across the Ravi won him the nickname Ghaiba (the Vanisher). On the death of Gulab Singh, Tara Singh succeeded to the leadership of the misl, and, within a short time, his intrepidity and lust for war and conquest made the Dallevalia confederacy very powerful. One of Tara Singh’s first exploits was to rob a detachment of Ahmad Shah Durrani’s troops of their horses and arms while crossing the Beas river near his village, Kang, in Kapurthala district. In 1760, he crossed the Sutlej and conquered the towns of Dharamkot and fatehgarh. On his return to the Doab, he took Sarai Dakkhni from Sharaf ud-Din, an Afghan of Jalandhar and marched eastwards, seizing the country around Rahon in which town he took up his residence.
He next captured Nakodar from the Manj Rajputs, and other groups of villages on the right of the Sutlej, including Mahatpur and Kot Badal Khan.
In 1763, Tara Singh joined the Bhangi, Kanhaiya and Ramgarhia misls against the Pathan Nawab of Kasur, and, in the sack of the town, collected 400,000 rupees as his share of the booty. He joined other Sikh sardars in laying siege to Sirhind (January 1764) and razing it to the ground after defeating its governor, Zain Khan. By 1765, Tara Singh had considerably increased his power and territories in the Upper Jalandhar Doab, in parts of Ludhiana, Ambala and Firozpur districts-the entire country south of the River Sutlej yielding an annual revenue of Rs. 17,00,000.
Tara Singh was a close friend of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s and took part in his early Malva expeditions. He died in 1807 at the ripe age of 90. After his death, Maharaja Ranjit Singh annexed the Dallevalia territories to his kingdom.<|endoftext|>Bulgaristan'da e-vinyet ve toll neden uygulanıyor?
Bulgaristan'da 2019'dan itibaren e-vinyet ve toll, ulusal yol ağını kullanmak için ücret toplamada modern bir yöntem olarak uygulanacaktır.
Bu, daha sonra yol güvenliği dahil olmak üzere mevcut ve yeni yolların sürdürülebilir gelişimi için kullanılan gerekli finansal kaynakları oluşturur.
Ücret toplama sistemi, karayolu taşıtlarının serbest dolaşımına müdahale etmeden, ödeme yapmanın ve kontrol etmenin kolay yollarını sağlayan en son teknolojilere dayanmaktadır.
Sistem adil ve Avrupa ücreti modeli sunuyor.<|endoftext|>与莫斯科的高大现代比起来,圣彼得堡则漂亮得像一副古老的油画,临着宽阔干净的涅瓦河,一排排整齐规范的欧洲建筑依河延伸开去,我一直觉得俄罗斯人是对艺术有着执念的民族,每一幢楼都是一件艺术品,街道不算宽敞,非常干净整洁,房子鳞次栉比但又非常有序,圣彼得堡不止有涅瓦河,事实上,这座城市分布在44座岛屿上,市内有93条河流,由580多座桥梁连接,据说圣彼得堡有1800个湖泊,水域面积占了全市面积的十分之一,所以它也被称为“北方的威尼斯”。
河上有船停靠或者开过,涅瓦河是俄罗斯通往波罗的海的主力航道,到了深夜河上的大桥便会打开让高大的船只通过,走在这座城市有种穿越的感觉,仿佛回到了某个时代的欧洲,这几乎是我见过最漂亮的城市,当然,圣彼得堡整座城市已经被列入了世界文化遗产。
没错,比起莫斯科它更靠北,事实上它已经位于北纬59-60度之间,几乎进了北极圈,但因为临着波罗的海芬兰湾,是海洋性气候,所以这里的冬天比莫斯科温暖,夏天也不会太热,只是因为纬度太高,这里会有白夜现象。
这是俄罗斯最欧化的城市,其实它与芬兰就是一湾之隔,坐火车到芬兰也不过是三个小时,它是俄罗斯的第二大城市,城市的大小虽然与莫斯科没法比,但500万的人口在俄罗斯已经算是稀有。
虽然临海,但因为芬兰湾海水温度太低,除了鲑鱼,这里几乎看不到虾蟹贝壳等等海鲜,但老天是公平的,在缺乏海鲜的这片海域下却埋藏着世界上85%以上储量的琥珀,在圣彼得堡,你随处可以见到卖琥珀的店,当然,资源对于俄罗斯人来说,那是绝对的NO1,他们曾经自豪的说,啥也不用做,只用卖资源,我们可以养活我们的人民500年,这并非胡说,俄罗斯确实是能源大国,这包括了丰富的石油,天然气,各种矿产和一望无际的森林资源。
追溯历史,18世纪,彼得大帝首先在涅瓦河三角洲的兔子岛上修建了彼得保罗要塞,驻重兵把守,这里一直是俄罗斯的海军重地,所以俄罗斯的海军总部也设在圣彼得堡。还有一种说法,这个地方是俄罗斯从瑞典人手里抢过来的,无论如何,城市并没有被战争所毁,而是越来越漂亮,这是让人欣慰的。
圣彼得堡的历史当然不会如此简单,1712年,俄罗斯将首都从莫斯科迁到圣彼得堡,直到1918年才重新搬回莫斯科,200多年间,这里作为俄罗斯的政治中心,得到长足的发展,同时城市还被数次更名,从圣彼得堡改为彼得格勒,1924年列宁逝世后,为了纪念列宁,城市再次改名为列宁格勒,直到1991年,政府才重新让它恢复旧名——圣彼得堡,如果你曾经看到过以上诸多的名字,没错,其它们都是同一个城市。
我们圣彼得堡站的导游是圣彼得堡大学的一位女博士,小姑娘来自河北,与充满自豪的莫斯科大学的研究生导游一样,他们对自己的母校都有着由衷的热爱,而且莫大和圣大的第一之争有点类似我们的清华和北大,比起诺奖得主,圣大有8位,稍微少了点,但是他们有赫赫有名的门捷列夫,这哥们发现了元素周期表,就是你在中学化学里必背的那一款,而且,普京和梅德韦杰夫都毕业于圣大,圣彼得堡也是他们俩的家乡,这无疑又给这所学校增加了很重要的砝码。
导游笑着说:俄罗斯人是“穷横穷横的”。她的意思是说,即时不富裕,这也是个不爱低头绝对不会轻易为5斗米折腰的民族,确实,在接头巷尾的迎面走来,他们不同于澳大利亚人,脸上会有亲切的笑容,俄罗斯人的表情是严肃的,是不喜欢被开玩笑的,但是他们有着自己的原则,比如再快的车,开到你的面前,他也绝对会让你先行,而且他们并不认为这有什么了不起,让完你之后,他们依然会表情严肃的开走,几乎不露一丝笑容。正是这样硬骨头倔强绝不投降的性格让他们顶住了德国纳粹疯狂的进攻,哪怕几乎弹尽粮绝,也不开城迎敌。
1941年二战打响,德军首先想进攻的俄罗斯第一站就是圣彼得堡,因为可以由此控制住波罗的海,所以这里被迫成为了俄罗斯抗击德军最主要的战场之一,那时候它的名字叫列宁格勒。
在众所周知的列宁格勒战役里,圣彼得堡人与俄罗斯军队一起坚守了900天,过程异常惨烈,尸横遍野,能抬枪的男人们几乎都去了战场,至后来,已经没有男劳力城市里,女人们开始抬担架,做重体力劳动,最终这座200万人的城市损失了100多万人,其中有40万人是活活饿死的。大家用生命死死守住了这座城市。
我最喜欢的交响乐之一,肖斯塔科维奇的《列宁格勒交响曲》就是为二战而写,当时德军兵临城下,肖用了很短的时间便把曲子写成了,然后四处寻找活下来的演奏家,演奏的时候,当时的苏联用了全城广播,已经到了绝望边缘的人们走上街头一起聆听了整部曲子,这就是俄罗斯人,他们对艺术的追求是来自骨子里的,而且他们也有从骨子里透出来的那股劲,就是:你若犯我,我必定与你拼到最后一滴血的那股刚毅倔强。
可以想象,二战如果没有前苏联军队的牵制,也许历史已经被改写,因为当时已经几乎无人能阻止希特勒进攻的步伐。至此,我完全能够理解俄罗斯人的骄傲,他们确实有资本的。
圣彼得堡的十二月党人广场上塑着彼得大帝的铜像,底座是40吨重的一整块花岗石,在花岗石底座上面刻着“叶卡捷林娜二世纪念彼得大帝一世于1782年8月”,这是俄罗斯历史上最伟大的两位君主之间的一次对话。
铜塑中,彼得大帝所骑的马双脚高高腾起,表达了彼得大帝要冲破一切阻力勇往直前的决心,马掌下有一条被踏死了的大蛇,代表了彼得能消灭一切敌人,就是在圣彼得堡这片沼泽地上,彼得大帝确实用自己的实际行动建起了一座美丽的城市,并迁都于此,把落后、封建、贫穷的俄罗斯带向了强大和繁荣。（彩龙社区 作者浅若）<|endoftext|>If you are using your manual mode, you need to understand the relationship between aperture settings and shutter speeds.
Aperture settings, known as f-stops, are found on the lens barrel. Have a look at these close-up pictures of the lens barrel (above) and shutter-speed dial (below) from an older, manual film camera. On this lens, f/2.8 is the largest aperture and f/32 the smallest. Each change in f-stop setting halves/doubles the light reaching the camera sensor (although the aperture's actual size depends on the lens).
The numbers on the shutter-speed dial are the speeds available on this camera: from one second to 1/4,000th of a second. A slow shutter speed will blur movement; a fast shutter speed will freeze action. Each change doubles/halves the shutter speed, and its effect on exposure is equal to each change in f-stop.
So each time you adjust the shutter-speed dial, you'll need to adjust the aperture setting to compensate. If you want to use a slower shutter speed (moving from 1/250th of a second to 1/30th, for example), you will need to move three steps along the aperture scale (from 4 to 11) to ensure the same amount of light reaches the camera's sensor. If you want to freeze the action, the opposite applies.
The ISO settings (left) also double or half the exposure value. So all three variables – ISO, aperture and shutter speed – relate to each other.<|endoftext|>Baskı Detayları
|Yazar Pollux, J: Iulli Pollucis Onomasticon||
Julius Pollux
Julius Pollux
Uluslararası Dijital Yayıncılık Forumu (ePub, “ipab” olarak telaffuz edilir), Pollux, J: Iulli Pollucis Onomasticon adlı kitabın Dijital Yayınları Tartışma Forumu ile bağlantılı olarak oluşturulan extension.epub ile birlikte, çeşitlerin elektronik yayınlanması için bir düzendir. Düzen, dijital dergiyi tek bir dosyaya dağıtır ve yayınlar, bu da elektronik yayınlar ePub ile uygun yazılım ve donanımın yanı sıra Pollux, J: Iulli Pollucis Onomasticon içindeki diğer birkaç dergiyi kullanmayı mümkün kılar. Normal bir kitap Pollux, J: Iulli Pollucis Onomasticon. EPub HTML 5'i ifade eder, stil oldukça karmaşıktır, ancak kolayca indirebilirsiniz. İki sistem - bu, HTML 5'i destekleyen minimum miktardır ve aslında, birbirine uymaz (iBooks ve Android), ayrıca HTML'nin bir kısmını destekleyen çok sayıda eski telefonun yanı sıra limitleri ve yanlışlıkları. EPub'ın sınırlamaları arasında - yazarın Pollux, J: Iulli Pollucis Onomasticon adlı kitabının Pollux, J: Iulli Pollucis Onomasticon küçük HTML belgelerine bölünmesi gerekecektir. Büyük belgeler içeren cihazlar kolay çalışmayabilir. Julius Pollux etkileşimli medya nesneleri ve dönüştürücü öğelerinin yenilenmiş tasarımı kolayca korunmaz. Epub ayrıca html verilerinin yanı sıra, içerikte kullanılan öğeleri içeren bir metin mesajına da sahiptir - grafikler, stiller, el yazmaları, yazı tipleri. Tüm bunları Pollux, J: Iulli Pollucis Onomasticon Julius Pollux kitabında ücretsiz olarak indirebilirsiniz. HTML, CSS, vb. İçin belirli "ekler" veya "kısıtlamalar" Epub belirtmez. İnternet çok fazla dinamik içerik barındırıyor ve pek çok kitabın içeriği değişiyor ya da bozuluyor. Sitemizde, Julius Pollux yazarının Pollux, J: Iulli Pollucis Onomasticon kitabı orijinal, saf haliyle sunulmaktadır. Epub düzeni basitlik, üretilebilirlik, açıklık ve ayrı DRM bakımıdır. Bu stil, Pollux, J: Iulli Pollucis Onomasticon kılavuzuna elektronik biçimde rehberlik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Birçok uygulama indirmek için Pollux, J: Iulli Pollucis Onomasticon EPub'u ücretsiz görüntülemenizi sağlar. Bu tarzda epub Pollux, J: Iulli Pollucis Onomasticon aslında bir belge olarak dağıtılır.
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.
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sfida dopo che i Bears lo hanno tirato fuori dal mercato con un contratto di un anno, contract 1 milioni. Lucas sta entrando nella sua quinta stagione.
Pro: Ha un anello Super Bowl al suo attivo ed è solo 26. Ha anche solide capacità di velocità e copertura.
Contro: Lucas può certamente usare più esperienza di gioco dal momento che ha giocato solo in soli 50 giochi fino a questo punto (47 placcaggi, 3 deviazioni di passaggio, INT).
Artie Burns, CB
La firma di Burns è volata sotto il radar in una certa misura; ha anche ricevuto un contratto di un anno, contract 1 milioni per 2020. Burns totalizzò 149 tackle, 27 passaggi deviati e quattro intercetti per gli Steelers dal 2016-19. Si contendera ‘ un posto nel campo di addestramento.
Pro: Ha giocato in 3-4 allineamento con gli Steelers, gioca bene sia contro il passaggio e la corsa, e ha esperienza postseason.
Contro: Burns non ha afferrato un intercetto dal 2017, è stato accreditato per l’ultima volta con una deviazione di passaggio nel ’18, e ha fatto solo sette partenze nelle ultime due stagioni combinate.
Germain Ifedi, OL
Con Kyle Long in pensione, le lotte di Bobby Massie e altri problemi di infortuni lungo la linea offensiva, Ifedi aggiungerà preziosa profondità ai Bears. Chicago lo prese con un contratto di un anno dopo che i Seattle Seahawks rifiutarono l’opzione del quinto anno sul suo contratto da rookie, che gli permise di colpire il mercato.
Pro: Ifedi può giocare sia posizioni di guardia che di placcaggio e ha avuto un tasso di vincita del blocco di passaggio del 91% in 2018. Il suo blocco ha contribuito a spianare la strada a un attacco Seahawk che ha avuto una media di oltre 300 yard a partita in ciascuna delle ultime tre stagioni.
Contro: Ha guidato la NFL ai rigori nel 2017.
Demetrius Harris, TE
Prima che i Bears aggiungessero Jimmy Graham, firmarono un contratto di un anno a febbraio. Harris ha fatto irruzione nel campionato come free agent undrafted a Kansas City nel 2014, trascorrendo le sue prime cinque stagioni con i Chiefs prima di firmare un contratto biennale con Cleveland lo scorso marzo. Ha legato il suo massimo in carriera con tre touchdown nel 2019, ma i Browns lo hanno rilasciato a febbraio.
Pro: Harris aggiunge più dimensioni (6-7, 230) alla posizione e eccelle come bloccante. Ha anche abbastanza familiarità con Matt Nagy, che era l’allenatore dei quarterback di Kansas City (2013-15) e coordinatore offensivo (’16-17) quando Harris era con i Chiefs.
Contro: Harris è molto più di un bloccante di un pass catcher (72 rec., 9 TDS, in 86 giochi di carriera) e la produzione è ciò di cui i Bears hanno bisogno dai loro tight end. Egli entra anche in una stanza affollata tight end con Trey Burton e Jimmy Graham gli unici due posti roster garantiti a questo punto.
Tre Roberson, CB
Alla fine di gennaio, prima che il nuovo anno della lega iniziasse ufficialmente, i Bears firmarono Roberson per il più ricco contratto da CFL a NFL dal 2009. Roberson ha attirato l’attenzione dei Chicago e di altre squadre dopo aver registrato 95 placcaggi, 10 intercetti e due touchdown difensivi per i Calgary Stampeders nelle stagioni 2018 e 19. I Bears si aspettano che si contenda il posto all’angolo di nickel in 2020.
Pro: Come ex quarterback, Roberson può riconoscere e leggere bene i reati opposti. La sua velocità e agilità possono essere utilizzati per gadget gioca in attacco, e lui può essere in grado di restituire calci pure.
Contro: Ha bisogno di dimostrare che può coprire i ricevitori nei reati NFL. La maggior parte dei reati nel CFL operano reati diffusi e spalancati come fanno molte squadre di college. Roberson giocherà contro squadre che correranno la palla di più, e considerando che a malapena si trova a 6 piedi di altezza, avrà anche il compito di coprire i ricevitori più grandi e più alti.
Grado generale: C-
I Bears hanno affrontato le esigenze e aggiunto profondità nelle posizioni chiave, ma alcuni nuovi arrivati dovranno mettersi alla prova nel campo di addestramento per guadagnare un posto nel roster. Altri sono stati morsi dal bug lesioni più di una volta e avrà bisogno di dimostrare che possono sano ed essere produttivi. Anche le tre aggiunte più grandi (Quinn, Foles e Graham) saranno sotto il microscopio.
– Gabe Salgado fa parte della rete di contributori Athlon. Ha anche scritto per NBC, Fox, The Sporting News, The Sports Journal, The Undefeated e Complex. È co-conduttore di Rewind Sports: 60. Seguilo su Twitter @ GabeSalgado82.<|endoftext|>wikiHow è una "wiki"; questo significa che molti dei nostri articoli sono il risultato della collaborazione di più autori. Per creare questo articolo, 24 persone, alcune in forma anonima, hanno collaborato apportando nel tempo delle modifiche per migliorarlo.
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Per calcolare l'area di un triangolo è fondamentale conoscerne l'altezza. In assenza di tale dato puoi calcolarla in base alle informazioni note. Questo articolo mostra come farlo in diversi modi, in base ai dati che ti vengono forniti in partenza.
Passaggi
Metodo 1 di 3:
Usare Base e Area
-
1Rammenta la formula matematica per calcolare l'area di un triangolo: A=1/2bh.[1] X Fonte di ricerca
- A = rappresenta l'area del triangolo.
- b = rappresenta la lunghezza della base del triangolo.
- h = rappresenta l'altezza del triangolo.
-
2Osserva il triangolo per determinare le variabili che già conosci. Nel nostro caso specifico hai a disposizione l'area, assegna quindi tale valore alla variabile A. Dovresti inoltre conoscere la lunghezza di un lato, assegna quindi tale valore alla variabile b. Se non disponi di entrambi i valori, prova a usare un altro dei metodi descritti in questo articolo.
- Indipendentemente da come viene disegnato il triangolo, ognuno dei lati può essere la base. Per visualizzare come base il lato di cui conosci la lunghezza, immagina di ruotare il triangolo finché il lato non sarà quello su cui poggia la figura.
- Per esempio, se sai che l'area del triangolo è pari a 20 unità quadrate e un lato è lungo 4 unità, allora puoi affermare che: A = 20 e b = 4.
-
3Sostituisci i valori noti all'interno della formula di partenza A=1/2bh ed esegui i calcoli. Per prima cosa moltiplica la base (b) per il coefficiente 1/2, quindi dividi il valore dell'area (A) per il risultato ottenuto. Il valore finale del tuo calcolo corrisponderà all'altezza del triangolo in oggetto.
Pubblicità
- nel nostro esempio abbiamo: 20 = 1/2(4)h
- 20 = 2h
- h = 10
Metodo 2 di 3:
Individuare l'Altezza di un Triangolo Equilatero
-
1Ricorda le proprietà di un triangolo equilatero. Si tratta di una figura geometrica che ha tutti e tre i lati uguali e tutti gli angoli pari a 60°. Tagliando a metà un triangolo equilatero, otterrai due triangoli rettangoli congruenti.[2] X Fonte di ricerca
- In questo esempio usiamo un triangolo equilatero avente i lati lunghi 8 unità.
-
2Rammenta il Teorema di Pitagora. Il teorema di Pitagora afferma che in un triangolo rettangolo, dove i cateti sono a e b e l'ipotenusa è c, è valida la seguente equazione: a2 + b2 = c2. Puoi usare questo teorema per trovare l'altezza del triangolo equilatero in oggetto.[3] X Fonte di ricerca
-
3Dividi a metà il triangolo equilatero e assegna i relativi valori alle variabili a, b e c. L'ipotenusa c avrà la medesima lunghezza del lato originale della figura. Il cateto a sarà uguale a metà della lunghezza originale, mentre il cateto b, che rappresenta l'altezza del nuovo triangolo, è il dato che dobbiamo calcolare.
- Usando i dati del nostro esempio avremo quanto segue: c = 8 e a = 4.
-
4Inseriamo i nostri dati all'interno dell'equazione del Teorema di Pitagora e risolviamola in base a b2. Per prima cosa eleva al quadrato i valori di c e a moltiplicandoli per se stessi. Successivamente sottrai il valore di a2 dal valore di c2.
- 42 + b2 = 82
- 16 + b2 = 64
- b2 = 48
-
5Per trovare l'altezza del nostro triangolo, occorre calcolare la radice quadrata del valore di b2. Utilizza l'apposita funzione della tua calcolatrice per eseguire il seguente calcolo . Il risultato che otterrai sarà il valore dell'altezza del triangolo in oggetto.
Pubblicità
- b = = 6,93
Metodo 3 di 3:
Determinare l'Altezza Usando Lati e Angoli
-
1Determina i valori che hai a disposizione. I casi in cui è possibile calcolare l'altezza del triangolo in questo modo sono i seguenti: se si conosce l'ampiezza di un angolo e la lunghezza di un lato e l'angolo di cui si conosce l'ampiezza è compreso fra la base e il lato di cui è nota la lunghezza o se si conosce la lunghezza di tutti e tre i lati. Chiameremo a, b e c i tre cateti della figura, mentre A, B e C saranno i tre angoli.
- Se conosci i valori dei tre lati, puoi usare la formula di Erone abbinata a quella per calcolare l'area di un triangolo.
- Se conosci la lunghezza di due lati e l'ampiezza di un angolo, puoi utilizzare la formula per calcolare l'aera di un triangolo che utilizza la lunghezza di due lati e l'ampiezza di un angolo. A = 1/2ab(sin C).[4] X Fonte di ricerca
-
2Se conosci la lunghezza di tutti e tre i lati, utilizza la formula di Erone. La formula di Erone è costituita da due parti. In primo luogo occorre calcolare la variabile "s" che equivale al semi perimetro del triangolo. Per farlo, puoi utilizzare la seguente formula: s = (a+b+c)/2.[5] X Fonte di ricerca
- Quindi, nel caso di un triangolo avente le seguenti misure a = 4, b = 3 e c = 5, il risultato sarà che s = (4+3+5)/2. Quindi s = (12)/2, cioè s = 6 unità.
- A questo punto puoi utilizzare la seconda parte della formula di Erone: Area = . Sostituisci la variabile Area con la relativa formula matematica: 1/2bh (o 1/2ah oppure 1/2ch).
- Esegui i calcoli risolvendo l'equazione in base ad h. Nel nostro esempio otterremo quanto segue: 1/2(3)h = . Quindi 3/2h = . Eseguendo i calcoli otterremo che 3/2h = . Utilizza la calcolatrice per calcolare la radice quadrata e ottenere, nel nostro caso, il seguente risultato 3/2h = 6. Utilizzando il cateto b del triangolo di esempio come base, risulta che l'altezza è pari a 4 unità.
-
3Se conosci il valore di un lato e l'ampiezza di un angolo, puoi usare la formula per calcolare l'area di un triangolo che utilizza la lunghezza di due lati e l'ampiezza di un angolo. Sostituisci nella formula la variabile dell'area con la relativa formula matematica: 1/2bh. L'equazione risultante dovrebbe apparire come segue: 1/2bh = 1/2ab(sin C). La formula in oggetto può essere semplificata nel seguente modo: h = a(sin C) (eliminando le variabili comuni a entrambi i membri dell'equazione).[6] X Fonte di ricerca
Pubblicità
- Risolvi l'equazione sostituendo le variabili con i relativi valori. Ad esempio, ipotizzando che il cateto a = 3 e l'angolo C = 40 gradi, otterremo la seguente equazione: h = 3(sin 40). Usando la calcolatrice per eseguire i calcoli avremo come risultato che l'altezza del nostro triangolo di esempio è pari a 1,928 unità.
Riferimenti
- ↑ http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/trig-area-triangle-without-right-angle.html
- ↑ http://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/equilateral-triangle.html
- ↑ http://www.mathsisfun.com/pythagoras.html
- ↑ http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/trig-area-triangle-without-right-angle.html
- ↑ http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/herons-formula.html
- ↑ http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/trig-area-triangle-without-right-angle.html
Informazioni su questo wikiHow
Se conosci la base e l'area del triangolo, puoi dividere la base per 2, poi dividi il risultato per il valore dell'area e troverai l'altezza. Per trovare l'altezza di un triangolo equilatero puoi usare il teorema di Pitagora, a2 + b2 = c2. Taglia il triangolo a metà al centro, in modo che c sia uguale alla lunghezza del lato, a sia uguale a metà della lunghezza del lato e b sia l'altezza. Sostituisci a e c nell'equazione, elevandoli al quadrato. Poi sottrai a2 da c2 e calcola la radice quadrata della differenza e troverai l'altezza. Per imparare a calcolare l'area di un triangolo conoscendone solo gli angoli e i lati, continua a leggere!<|endoftext|>Nella giornata di domani, il New Day stabilirà il record per il regno da campioni di coppia più longevo della storia WWE, superando i Demolition.
Recentemente intervistati da Sports Illustrated, Ax e Smash hanno commentato proprio quanto fatto dal New Day:
Smash: Di recente ho visto 61*, il film dedicato a Roger Maris che ha battuto il record di Babe Ruth per gli homerun. Ho sentito che quelli del New Day sono bravi ragazzi, gli auguro di continuare ad aver successo
Ax:” Prima o poi qualcuno doveva infrangere il record, sono proprio fatti per questo motivo. Sono felice per il New Day, sono un team giovane e divertente da vedere”<|endoftext|>به گزراش روز شنبه ایران اکونومیست به نقل از وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت، «پروین نباتی» اظهار داشت: در چند سال اخیر بویژه پس از برجام سرمایه گذاری قابل توجهی در زمینه کاغذهای لاینر و فلوتینگ (بسته بندی) در کشور صورت گرفته است.
وی افزود: در سال 1395 نزدیک به 300 هزار تن ظرفیت جدید در این بخش در کشور ایجاد شده است، علاوه براین امسال دستکم 300 هزار تن ظرفیت جدید دیگر با فناوری روز جهانی به ظرفیت تولید کاغذ بسته بندی کشور افزوده خواهد شد.
این مقام مسئول، روند مصرف کاغذ و مقوای بسته بندی در جهان را صعودی اعلام کرد و گفت: تولید و مصرف کاغذ و مقوای بسته بندی در سال 2000 حدود 151 میلیون تن بوده که در سال 2015 به 230 میلیون تن افزایش یافته است.
*رشد حدود 21 درصدی تولید کاغذهای لاینر و فلوتینگ در سال گذشته
مدیرکل صنایع شیمیایی و سلولزی وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت با اشاره به رشد حدود 21 درصدی تولید کاغذهای لاینر و فلوتینگ براساس جامعه آماری وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت در سال 1395 اظهار داشت: میزان واردات این محصول در همین مدت با کاهش 40 درصدی مواجه شد که مهمترین دلیل آن بهره برداری از واحدهای تولیدی جدید است؛ با راه اندازی طرح های جدید در سال جاری شرایط تولید نیز به مراتب بهتر خواهد شد.
نباتی بیش از 90 درصد کاغذهای تولید شده در بخش کاغذ بسته بندی را کاغذ باطله دانست و گفت: در زمینه تولید مقوای دوبلکس نیز در سال 95 نزدیک به 2 درصد رشد داشتیم که باتوجه به بسترهای حمایتی ایجاد شده شاهد رشد قابل توجه این صنعت در سال های آتی نیز خواهیم بود.
*لایحه اصلاح مالیات بر ارزش افزوده برای حمایت از تولیدکنندگان داخلی
وی یکی از مشکلات صنعت کاغذ و مقوا را در حوزه کاغذهای چاپ، تحریر و روزنامه عنوان کرد و ادامه داد: به دلیل برخی تصمیمات اتخاذ شده، قیمت تمام شده این محصول توانایی رقابت با کاغذهای وارداتی ندارد که یکی از مهمترین دلایل آن معافیت واردات کاغذهای چاپ، تحریر و روزنامه خارجی از پرداخت 9 درصد مالیات بر ارزش افزوده است .
این مقام مسئول وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت خاطرنشان کرد: این در حالی است که تولید کنندگان داخلی باید بابت پرداخت مواد اولیه شامل با
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11 | 0 | 2 |
اجرای این آئین نامه شرایط فروش شفاف خواهد شد و به این طریق شکایات از این بخش کاهش خواهد یافت.
پرشکایت ترین خودروساز؟
به گفته شهرام میرآخورلو مدیرکل دفتر کالاهای فلزی و معدنی سازمان حمایت از حقوق مصرف کنندگان و تولیدکنندگان، سال گذشته آمار شکایت از بخش فروش خودروسازان روند رو به رشد داشته که از میان شکایات مطرح شده بیش از ۵۰۰ شکایت از این بخش به نتیجه رسیده است.
به گفته وی سال گذشته ۸۷.۵ درصد از کل شکایات مطرح شده از بخش فروش به خودروهای سبک و ۱۲.۵ درصد نیز به خودروهای سنگین و دو درصد نیز به وارداتی ها اختصاص داشته است.
وی تاکید می کند که از میان شرکت های خودروساز داخلی ،ایران خودرو با ۲۸.۵ درصد بیشترین شکایت از بخش فروش را سال گذشته به خود اختصاص داده است.
به گفته میرآخورلو شکایات مطرح شده از این این شرکت به عدم محاسبه صحیح سود مشارکت و سود ناشی از تاخیر و عدم پرداخت سود انصراف مربوط بوده است.
اختصاص بیشترین شکایت به چگونگی محاسبه سود توسط شرکت ایران خودرو در حالی است که در آئین نامه فروش چگونگی محاسبه سود نیز مشخص شده به طوریکه سود انصراف در این آئین نامه حداکثر ۵ درصد کمتر از نرخ سود مشارکت پیش بینی شده است، پیش از این سود مشارکت از سوی شرکت های خودروساز و با توجه به قوانین شرکتی در نظر گرفته می شد.
علی اصغر سرائی نیا معاونت فروش و بازیابی ایران خودرو در این خصوص می گوید: پیش از این سود تاخیر به صورت دستی محاسبه می شد که این روش علاوه بر زمان بر بودن مشکلاتی را نیز به وجود می آورد، اما از مرداد ماه سال جاری این سیستم اتوماتیک شده و به این طریق این مشکل هم اکنون برطرف شده است.
به گفته معاونت فروش و بازاریابی ایران خودرو در فاکتورهای سال جاری سود تاخیر به صورت اتومات درج می شود به همین دلیل زمانی که مشتری خودرو را تحویل می گیرد تمام موارد در آن ذکر شده است.
سرائی نیا در پاسخ به این پرسش که سال گذشته سود به چه طریق به مشتری پرداخت می شد نیز گفت: پیش از این از مشتری شماره حساب دریافت می شد و سود پس از محاسبه به حساب مشتری واریز می شد اما با اتومات شدن روش محاسبه سود به هنگام تحویل به مشتری اعلام می شود.
تاپکو در رده دوم
به گفته مدیرکل دفتر کالاهای فلزی و معدنی سازمان حمایت از حقوق مصرف کنندگان و تولیدکنندگان شرکت تاپکو تولیدکننده فیات سی نا پس از ایران خودرو بیشترین شکایت را سال گذشته به خود اختصاص داده است.
به گفته میرآخورلو این شرکت ۲۶.۹ درصد از کل شکایات را داشته که عمده شکایت از این شرکت نیز به عدم تحویل خودرو و عدم پرداخت سود مشارکت مربوط بوده است. پیش فروش خودرو بدون توجه به زمان مقرر تحویل و ظرفیت تولید یکی از عمده مشکلات خریداران خودرو در کشور محسوب می شود.
مشکلات به وجود آمده در زمان تحویل خودرو موجب شد تا در آیین نامه فروش برای تحویل فوری ۱۰ روز، تحویل قطعی حداکثر سه ماه، پیش فروش حداکثر یک سال و برای روش پس انداز حداکثر سه سال زمان در نظر گرفته شود، درخصوص خودروهای سفارشی نیز برای خودروهای داخلی زمان تحویل حداکثر دو ماه و برای وارداتی ها چهار ماه پیش بینی شده است.
در آئین نامه مذکور همچنین در صورتی که شرکت های خودروساز نتوانند در مدت زمان مذکور نسبت به تحویل خودرو اقدام کنند جریمه تاخیر ۳.۵ درصد برای تحویل فوری و برای قطعی نیز ۲.۵ درصد در نظر گرفته شده است.
سایپا و پارس خودرو سوم و چهارم
پس از ایران خودرو و تاپکو دو شرکت سایپا و پارس خودرو در رده های بعدی بیشترین شکایت از بخش فروش را به خود اختصاص داده اند.
به گفته میرآخورلو شرکت سایپا با ۱۲.۲ درصد در رده سوم قرار دارد و بیشترین شکایت این بخش نیز به عدم پرداخت سود ناشی از تحویل خودرو و افزایش قیمت پایه خودرو مربوط بوده است.
وی در خصوص شکایات مطرح شده از پارس خودرو نیز گفت: این شرکت نیز طی این مدت ۸.۱۸ درصد از مجموع شکایات را به خود اختصاص داده که بیشترین شکایات هم به تاخیر در زمان تحویل و افزایش قیمت مربوط می شود.
منبع: روزنامه دنیای اقتصاد<|endoftext|>Innovative New Building Products Put a New Twist on Moisture Management
Indoor air quality (IAQ) has increasingly become an integral component of sustainable building design as more is learned about indoor pollutants and the effect they have on building occupants.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports that the average American spends more than 90 percent of his or her time indoors, and recent EPA studies have shown that air pollution levels can be up to 100 times higher indoors than those outdoors1. In addition, poor IAQ has been known to either cause or aggravate 50 percent of all respiratory illnesses, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Fortunately, poor IAQ and the health problems that come with it are avoidable.
Learning the causes of poor IAQ and the ventilation and wall assembly design strategies for eradicating various interior air pollutants can help building and design professionals create more sustainable, healthier interior environments for building occupants.
CAUSES OF POOR IAQ
The two leading causes of poor IAQ are mold growth and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Mold can form and grow on any surface that provides a food source and is surrounded by moderate temperatures, oxygen and sufficient moisture. The best examples of mold food sources are cellulose-based substances. In today’s buildings, food sources for mold are readily available in the form of untreated paper-faced gypsum board, wood wall studs and wood-based sheathings. Once moisture is introduced to the mold food source, long-dormant mold spores can gain a foothold. As long as the food and moisture sources are supplied, the mold colonies will continue to grow and prosper. When mold has spread throughout a building, occupants may notice unpleasant odors and experience a variety of health problems, such as headaches, breathing difficulties, skin irritation, allergic reactions and aggravation of asthma symptoms.
VOCs are gases or vapors, such as formaldehyde, given off by solids and liquids. VOCs often cause short- and long-term adverse health effects. There are several different sources of VOC emissions, such as paints and lacquers, paint strippers, building materials, furnishings, cleaning supplies and pesticides. of these items somehow incorporate organic chemicals into their manufacturing processes, though many manufacturers are now working to minimize the levels of these chemicals. All products manufactured with organic chemicals have potential for releasing VOCs while in use.
IAQ first became a national problem after the energy crisis of the 1970s inspired the design of airtight buildings to prevent the leakage of conditioned interior air. Though tight construction seals off the escape of conditioned air, it also traps harmful water vapor and VOCs inside the structure. The best way to fix this problem is to design adequately ventilated buildings with an effective moisture management strategy in the wall assembly based on the use of innovative new building products developed for mold resistance and VOC reduction. The most concise guidelines on the topic of IAQ improvement are found in American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 62, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.
ASHRAE STANDARD 62: IMPROVING IAQ
ASHRAE Standard 62 spells out minimum ventilation rates for new construction, as well as information on improving IAQ in existing buildings. It also lists maximum levels of contaminants that can be present while still maintaining acceptable IAQ; keeping these levels below the maximum minimizes the potential for adverse health effects among building occupants.
ASHRAE Standard 62 covers air classification and recirculation, the evaluation of contaminant concentration, sensory-irritation intensity and odor offensiveness. There are four air quality classifications: 1, 2 and 3 for low, moderate, and significant levels of contaminants, and 4, for highly objectionable or harmful air quality. Air streams — air that flows through exhaust ducts — are classified separately. Exhaust from parking garages is a good example of an air stream that presents IAQ problems.
ASHRAE 62.1 also addresses ways to remove such pollutants from the interior air. Here are some methods of airborne contaminant capture and removal:
• Remove particulate matter through filtration
• Monitor gas concentration
• Clean heat exchanger and finned-tube coil
• Manage moisture throughout the HVAC system
• Clean dehumidification systems, including drain pans
• Clean humidifiers and water spray systems
• Employ moisture management strategies in the building envelope, including water-resistive barriers, vapor retarders and air barriers
In this article, we will focus on improving IAQ through moisture management and VOC-reducing strategies in wall assemblies.
MOISTURE MANAGEMENT IN WALL ASSEMBLIES
When fortifying a building’s defense against moisture intrusion, choosing the proper wall materials is a good place to start. The most common wall assembly for commercial and public buildings is the steel stud cavity, which would typically include a masonry facade. Here are some guidelines on the contents of a steel stud cavity assembly: First, always use a water-resistive barrier (WRB) — it’s the first line of defense against rainwater intrusion. Water will enter somewhere, somehow, so use a ventilation and drainage space between the masonry façade and the WRB. It is important to maximize condensation control several ways — first, by using insulating sheathings. Use exterior air/wind barriers, since air can transport considerable moisture into assemblies if not blocked. Use interior air barriers to help prevent wintertime moisture from migrating and condensing on cold surfaces. Next, include fiber glass insulation and a smart vapor retarder to not only control the wintertime moisture but also allow assemblies to dry during other seasons. And in areas of the building that are moisture-prone, it is a good idea to install moisture-resistant treated gypsum board at the interior walls instead of standard paper-faced gypsum board.
Fiber Glass Insulation
When exposed to moisture, fiber glass insulation neither absorbs nor holds water. It is also resistant to mold and microbial growth, making it an excellent insulation choice in moisture-managing wall assembly designs.
Originally developed, tested and commercialized in Europe, smart vapor retarders resemble polyethylene film, but are actually polyamide, a nylon-based material. Polyamide film retards moisture under dry conditions, but if relative humidity in the wall cavity increases above 60 percent, they dramatically open up to a much higher permeance, which allows drying toward the interior of the building. In summer, when the air is humid, the moisture penetrates through the pores into the building interior, allowing building materials to dry out. If the relative humidity decreases, the pores close up again, and the membrane then acts as a retarder to moisture. In the winter, this vapor retarder protects the building materials behind the membrane from condensation. Field tests have proven that smart vapor retarders effectively reduce the risk of moisture damage in the building envelope by increasing the construction’s tolerance to moisture load.
Moisture- and Mold-Resistant Gypsum Board
Traditional gypsum board is paper-faced and therefore a potential mold food source under moisture-heavy conditions. An explosion of mold litigation cases across the United States over the past 10 years provided the gypsum industry with an opportunity to assist in solving a growing public concern by concentrating its research programs on developing new moisture- and mold-resistant products. Today, gypsum board manufacturers offer many enhanced versions of non-fire-rated and fire-rated Type X gypsum board panels with enhanced moisture and mold resistance.
Most common are paper-faced gypsum boards treated with bio inhibitors, products that prevent the growth of mold whenever moisture is introduced to the facing. Some manufacturers also now offer paperless gypsum board, with fiber glass mats in place of paper facings. The technology used to develop paperless gypsum board is similar to the technology used in manufacturing performance-proven moisture-resistant gypsum exterior sheathing products.
Both paper-faced and paperless treated gypsum boards with moisture-resistant cores have the highest mold resistance ratings of 10, as defined in ASTM D3273, Standard Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on the Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Chamber, the industry standard for mold resistance. Paperless glass mat gypsum boards are more expensive than treated paper-faced gypsum boards due to the higher cost of glass mat materials.
Since there is no limit to where mold spores can travel, it is wise to specify moisture- and mold-resistant gypsum board in all high-humidity climates and for any areas of a building that will likely have high moisture levels, including kitchens, showers, washrooms, locker rooms, basements, laboratories, laundry rooms and any area that will occasionally be exposed to splashes of water.
To keep VOC levels at a minimum, it is important for building maintenance staff to use only low-VOC cleaning supplies, pesticides and air fresheners and for building and design professionals to specify low-VOC finishes and building products. Most manufactures have worked hard in recent years to reduce the VOC emissions of their products to very low levels. However, it is still important to check individual product data to be certain. Certification from the GREENGUARD® Environmental Institute is one resource for determining if a product’s VOC levels are within acceptable limits.
Wall assemblies that feature VOC-reducing, low-VOC, mold- and moisture-resistant gypsum board in concert with low-VOC fiber glass insulation and properly placed vapor retarders are one of the strongest defenses available against poor IAQ.
Indoor air pollution caused by VOCs and mold growth is a significant threat to the health of building occupants and an obstacle standing in the way of sustainability in a building. Following the guidelines above will help to create a drier, mold-free interior environment, which in turn will result in higher-quality interior air. If maintained, high IAQ creates a healthy and comfortable interior environment for building occupants that will last for many years. Being proactive during the design phase of new construction or taking steps to improve the IAQ of an existing facility are actions that truly benefit all parties involved.
1 "The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality." U.S. EPA/Office of Air and Radiation. Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (6607J), Cosponsored with the Consumer Product Safety Commission, EPA 402-K-93-007.
Download Case Study PDF<|endoftext|>RA è l’abbreviazione di artrite reumatoide. Questo è un disturbo infiammatorio cronico. Di solito colpisce le articolazioni, ma può interessare più di loro. In alcune persone questa condizione può danneggiare un’ampia varietà di sistemi corporei come vasi sanguigni, cuore, polmoni, occhi e pelle. Quando il tuo sistema immunitario attacca erroneamente i tessuti del tuo corpo, si verifica la malattia autoimmune, l’artrite reumatoide. A differenza del danno da usura dell’osteoartrosi, questa condizione può influenzare il rivestimento delle articolazioni che può causare un gonfiore doloroso che si tradurrà in deformità articolare ed erosione ossea. L’infiammazione associata a questa condizione può colpire anche altre parti del corpo.
Segni e sintomi dell’artrite reumatoide:
Ecco i segni e i sintomi dell’artrite reumatoide :
- Stanchezza, febbre e perdita di peso
- Rigidità articolare che di solito è peggiore al mattino e dopo l’inattività
- Articolazioni tenere, calde e gonfie
Se hai l’artrite reumatoide precoce, allora questo colpisce prima le articolazioni più piccole (queste sono le articolazioni che attaccano le dita dei piedi ai piedi e le dita alle mani). Quando questa malattia progredisce, i sintomi possono diffondersi a spalle, fianchi, gomiti, caviglie, ginocchia e polsi. Nella maggior parte dei casi in cui hai l’artrite, i sintomi di questa condizione si verificano nelle stesse articolazioni su entrambi i lati del corpo. Circa il 40% delle persone che soffrono di artrite reumatoide presenta alcuni segni e sintomi che non coinvolgono le articolazioni. Questa condizione può influenzare molte strutture non articolari del tuo corpo come
- Vasi sanguigni
- Midollo osseo
- Tessuto nervoso
- Ghiandole salivari
- Reni
- Cuore
- Polmoni
- Occhi
- Pelle
I segni e i sintomi di questa condizione possono variare nella loro gravità e possono anche andare e venire. Quando il dolore e il gonfiore scompaiono o svaniscono, si possono avere periodi di maggiore attività della malattia (questi periodi sono noti come riacutizzazioni) che si alternano a periodi di relativa remissione. Ci sono alcuni casi in cui questa condizione può essere una ragione per cui le articolazioni si spostano fuori posto e possono deformarsi. Se soffri di gonfiore persistente e disagio alle articolazioni, dovresti parlare con il tuo medico.
Cause: quando il tuo sistema immunitario attacca la sinovia (che è il rivestimento delle membrane che circondano le articolazioni), allora hai l’artrite reumatoide. Questa infiammazione ispessisce la sinovia che alla fine può distruggere l’osso e la cartilagine all’interno dell’articolazione. I legamenti e i tendini che tengono insieme le articolazioni si allungano e si indeboliscono. Questo è un motivo per cui le tue articolazioni stanno gradualmente perdendo il loro allineamento e la loro forma. I medici non sanno quale sia la ragione per avere l’artrite, ma pensano che anche i geni svolgano un ruolo importante in questa parte. Quando i tuoi geni non sono una causa di questa condizione, allora i medici sospettano in batteri e virus (che sono fattori ambientali) che sono una causa per l’artrite reumatoide.
Fattori di rischio: ci sono alcuni fattori che possono aumentare il rischio di contrarre l’artrite reumatoide come
- Età: questa condizione può verificarsi a qualsiasi età, ma le persone di età compresa tra 40 e 60 anni hanno maggiori possibilità di contrarla.
- Il tuo sesso: ci sono molti studi in cui si dice che le donne hanno maggiori possibilità di contrarre l’artrite reumatoide rispetto agli uomini.
- Fumo: le persone che fumano sigarette hanno maggiori possibilità di contrarre l’artrite reumatoide. Inoltre, le persone che fumano sigarette hanno maggiori probabilità di avere l’artrite reumatoide con sintomi più gravi rispetto ai non fumatori.
- Obesità: le persone obese o in sovrappeso hanno maggiori possibilità di contrarre l’artrite reumatoide. Questo è un caso molto grave nelle donne di età pari o inferiore a 55 anni.
- Esposizioni ambientali: ci sono
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و برای منابع انگلیسی تجاری ، پست وبلاگ ما را بخوانید: چهار منبع رایگان برای معلمان انگلیسی تجارت.
همچنین ممکن است به این 18 منبع انگلیسی آنلاین که در Linguabanca به اشتراک گذاشته شده اند علاقه مند باشید.
بسیاری از معلمان آنلاین احساس می کنند که کمی منزوی هستند. بهتر است به جلسات محلی یا انجمن های آنلاین بپیوندید. در آنجا می توانید نکاتی را به اشتراک بگذارید ، با معلمان دیگر صحبت کنید و تجربه کارکنان را داشته باشید - فقط بصورت آنلاین!
تعدادی از گروه های بین المللی محبوب Facebook و LinkedIn وجود دارد که می توانید به صورت رایگان به آنها بپیوندید. اگر این کار را می کنید حتماً خود را به اعضای دیگرتان معرفی کنید!
امروز می خواهیم ترفندهای یادگیری کلمات انگلیسی را کشف کنیم.
اگرچه یادگیری واژگان انگلیسی یکی از مهارت های اصلی زبان نیست ، اما برای تقویت همه مهارت ها مانند گوش دادن ، صحبت کردن ، نوشتن یا خواندن ، دانش آموزان باید واژگان خود را افزایش دهند تا به راحتی انگلیسی صحبت کنند.
به عنوان مثال ، برای برقراری ارتباط روان به زبان انگلیسی ، باید با ساختارهای دستوری و نحوه استفاده صحیح از آنها آشنا باشید. اما صرفاً دانستن ساختارهای دستوری و قوانین زبان انگلیسی کافی نیست.
ساختارها مانند عباراتی هستند که شما باید برای شکل دادن به کلماتی که در ساختارهای موجود استفاده می کنید استفاده کنید تا بتوانید تا آنجا که ممکن است انگلیسی صحبت کنید.
مرتبط بخوانید: آموزش انلاین زبان انگلیسی
همیشه به یاد داشته باشید که یادگیری واژگان انگلیسی هرگز پایان نمی یابد و دانش محدود نیست. در نتیجه ، پیشرفته و متوسط ، می توانید هر روز کلمات جدیدی یاد بگیرید تا کلمات خود را به افرادی نزدیک کنید که زبان اصلی آنها انگلیسی است.
برای یادگیری کلمات انگلیسی نیازی به برنامه ریزی ندارید!
این احتمالاً عجیب ترین عبارتی است که تاکنون شنیده اید. ما همیشه می دانیم که برنامه ریزی پیش رو ما را به جایی که می خواهیم برسیم می رساند. اما ما می خواهیم هنگام خواندن کلمات انگلیسی انعطاف پذیر باشیم.
به عنوان مثال ، این مورد را به روزها و ساعت های خاص هفته محدود نکنید. اگر هر روز سعی کنید کلمات انگلیسی را مرور کرده و یاد بگیرید ، تأثیر آن را زودتر از آنچه فکر می کنید می بینید و یادگیری انگلیسی برای شما آسان تر خواهد بود.
البته این نکته را هم باید در نظر داشته باشید که تلاش روزانه به این معنی نیست که باید وقت زیادی را به آن اختصاص دهید.
به عنوان مثال ، اگر می خواهید 4 ساعت در روز انگلیسی یاد بگیرید ، توصیه می کنیم آن ساعت ها را بین روزهای هفته تقسیم کنید و فقط حدود 20 دقیقه در روز را صرف این کار کنید.
نتیجه بسیار بهتر از چند ساعت تمرین و بررسی کلمات انگلیسی در یک روز خواهد بود.
مرتبط بخوانید:آموزش خصوصی زبان
فرصتی برای یادگیری و کاوش کلمات انگلیسی
همانطور که قبلا ذکر شد ، شما نیاز به انعطاف پذیری دارید. شما آماده هستید که کلمات جدید را در هر زمان و هر مکان یاد بگیرید ، یا کلماتی را که قبلاً یاد گرفته اید تکرار کنید.
اما دوم ، شما باید فرصت چنین کاری را فراهم کنید. بنابراین برای دانش آموزانی که می خواهند واژگان انگلیسی خود را گسترش دهند ، بهتر است همیشه یک دفترچه یادداشت کوچک با کلمات اخیراً آموخته داشته باشند.
یا اگر فکر می کنید ممکن است آن را فراموش کنید ، بهتر است از یادداشت های تلفن همراه خود استفاده کنید.
در این حالت از زمان مرده بیشتر استفاده کنید. هرچه چیزی را بیشتر کشف و صحبت کنیم ، فرصت و انگیزه بیشتری برای یافتن آن پیدا می کنیم.
در نتیجه ، تمام تلاش خود را برای انجام این کار در تمام طول روز انجام می دهید و حتی ممکن است مجبور نباشید آن روز وقت زیادی را برای یادگیری و مرور کلمات انگلیسی صرف کنید.آموزش زبان انگلیسی...
چرا بسیاری از افراد قبل از رسیدن به اهدافشان تقویت زبان انگلیسی را متوقف می کنند و از آموزش زبان انگلیسی فاصله می گیرند؟
ما می خواهیم عادات یک زبان آموز موفق انگلیسی را برای مقابله با این مشکل ترک مسیر یادگیری زبان قبل از پایان آن کشف کنیم. تا آخر با من باشید
دلیل این امر دقیقاً چیست؟ بسیاری از عوامل مهم می توانند این مشکل را ایجاد کنند.
من فکر می کنم شروع یک زبان جدید و قدم برداشتن در این مسیر بسیار مهم است و نیاز به تشویق و امید دارد. علاوه بر این ، بسیاری از عوامل مهم در ادامه این رویکرد نقش دارند که از اهمیت کمتری برخوردار نیست!
زیرا ادامه این مسیر بسیار مهم است و همچنین می توان گفت که از ابتدا اهمیت بیشتری دارد.
داشتن یک برنامه می تواند به شما در رسیدن به هر هدفی از جمله آموزش زبان انگلیسی کمک کند.
معمولاً ما از ابتدا یادگیری زبان انگلیسی را شروع می کنیم و ابتدای روز به زمان زیادی نیاز دارد. اما با گذشت زمان ، این امر احتمالاً تغییر خواهد کرد و این روند همچنان رو به کاهش خواهد بود!
اگر می خواهید یک یادگیرنده انگلیسی موفق شوید ، بهتر است از ابتدا برنامه ریزی کنید ، مبادا در ابتدا خیلی زیاده روی کنید و پس از چند روز کاملا تسلیم شوید!!
از آنجا که هدف از یادگیری زبان انگلیسی برای همه متفاوت است ، غیرممکن است که روش خاصی را به همه بگویید و از آنها بخواهید دقیقاً همان کار را انجام دهند. در واقع ، نسخه ثابت را نمی توان برای همه ایجاد کرد.
اما همه باید متناسب با شرایط ، زمان و نتایجی که می خواهند از آموزش زبان انگلیسی داشته باشند برنامه ریزی کنند.
شما باید هر روز وقت خود را صرف یادگیری زبان انگلیسی کنید ، اما خیلی کم! حتماً تمرینات واقعی مانند مکالمه انگلیسی و لیسنینگ انگلیسی را انجام دهید.
اگر شما از آن دسته افرادی هستید که در نیمه راه از هدف تقویت زبان انگلیسی خود چشم پوشی می کنید ، دلیل این است که علاقه ای به این کار ندارید!
درست است که شما برای شروع یادگیری باید هدفمند باشید ، اما به زبان انگلیسی نباید به عنوان یک موضوع تک بعدی مانند فیزیک یا ریاضیات نگاه کرد. به راحتی می توانید هر آنچه را که می خواهید با زبان انگلیسی ادغام کنید و سپس با یادگیری آن لذت ببرید. به این ترتیب شما خسته نخواهید شد و انگلیسی را به روشی عملی فرا خواهید گرفت.
کسانی که خود را مجبور به انجام کاری می کنند که نمی خواهند انجام دهند ، به زودی ناامید خواهند شد!
شما می توانید انگلیسی را به علایق خود اضافه کنید! در واقع ، همانطور که در قسمت قبلی اشاره کردیم ، با این کار می توانید انگلیسی را به صورت عملی یاد بگیرید و همچنین می توانید مسیر آموزش زبان انگلیسی را به تنهایی برای همیشه دنبال کنید.
به عنوان مثال ، فیلم ها و سریال های مورد علاقه خود را تماشا کنید تا از تقویت زبان انگلیسی لذت ببرید و آن را تجربه کنید.
این می شود یک تیر و دو هدف!! شما باید در مورد روش یادگیری هوشمند باشید و او را تا حد امکان جذاب کنید!
امیدوارم این مقاله به شما در یافتن مسیر صحیح تقویت زبان انگلیسی یاری کرده باشدآموزش زبان انگلیسی...
امروزه تعداد کمی از افراد نیازی به یادگیری زبان انگلیسی در زندگی خود احساس نمی کنند و بنابراین برای یادگیری آن اقدامی انجام نمی دهند.
بسته به شرایط و اهداف هر فرد ، زبانی که وی به عنوان زبان دوم انتخاب می کند ممکن است متفاوت باشد. اما به طور کلی ، از آنجایی که انگلیسی یکی از پر صحبت ترین زبان های جهان است ، بیشتر زبان آموزان آن را به عنوان زبان دوم انتخاب می کنند.
در دنیای امروز بیش از یک و نیم میلیارد نفر به این زبان صحبت می کنند. در نتیجه ، اگر بتوانیم زبان انگلیسی را به خوبی یاد بگیریم ، می توانیم تقریباً با تمام دنیا ارتباط برقرار کنیم. در این مقاله می توانید در مورد مزایای یادگیری زبان دوم به ویژه انگلیسی مطالعه کنید.
مزایای یادگیری زبان انگلیسی در همه سنین
خواه انگلیسی باشد ، فرانسه ، اسپانیایی یا ... ، باید بدانید که یادگیری زبان جدید یکی از سخت ترین کارهایی است که مغز انسان می تواند انجام دهد.
همچنین فواید زیادی برای سلامت مغز دارد. همانطور که افراد برای تقویت عضلات با بلند کردن اجسام سنگین ورزش می کنند،
مغز نیز برای تقویت عضلات خود باید آموزش ببیند. یادگیری زبان دوم یکی از بهترین تمریناتی است که می تواند قسمت های مختلف مغز را درگیر کند و به نوعی ورزش برای سلامت مغز تبدیل شود.
در گذشته باور عمومی مردم این بوده است که کودکی که دوزبانه می شود و در سالهای ابتدایی مغز خود را درگیر به یادگیری دو نوع زبان مختلف می کند ممکن است در زندگی آینده دچار مشکلاتی شود؛ آن ها بر این باور بودند که شاید این کودک نتواند به خوبی یک فرد عادی که فقط زبان مادری خود را میداند مشکلات خود را حل کند.
اما واقعیت امروز دقیقاً برعکس است. دانشمندان دریافته اند کودکانی که دوزبانه هستند و از همان کودکی یادگیری زبان دوم مانند انگلیسی را شروع می کنند نه تنها عملکرد زندگی آنها را بهبود می بخشند بلکه از هوش بیشتری نیز برخوردار هستند.
علاوه بر این ، بهتر است بدانید که استفاده از قسمت هایی از مغز انسان که هنگام یادگیری زبان انگلیسی فعال می شوند ، خطر بیماری هایی مانند آلزایمر را در سنین پیری نیز کاهش می دهد.
در نتیجه ، یادگیری زبان دوم مزایای خاص خود را برای همه گروه های سنی دارد. این بدان معنا نیست که کودکان از آن بهره مند می شوند یا فقط بزرگسالان از آن بهره مند می شوند. در هر سنی ، یادگیری یک زبان جدید می تواند کیفیت زندگی شما را بهبود بخشد. لطفا پیشرفت کنید و لذت ببرید.
فرصت های اجتماعی و اشتغال بهتر
یکی دیگر از مزایای یادگیری زبان انگلیسی ، داشتن موقعیت اجتماعی بهتر و یافتن فرصت های شغلی بهتر است.
قبلاً افرادی که انگلیسی می دانستند خاص به حساب می آمدند. اما در عوض در دنیای امروز افرادی که این زبان را نمی دانند در خود احساس ضعف می کنند. زیرا ، از دیدگاه های مختلف ، اهمیت شناخت این زبان به خوبی درک شده است.
جدا از مزایای دانستن زبان دوم برای مهاجران و سفر به خارج از کشور ، دانستن این زبان در کشور فعلی شما نیز می تواند فرصت خوبی را برای شما فراهم کند.
به عنوان مثال ، اگر دانشجویی هستید که برای یافتن کار مناسب آگهی های استخدام را بررسی میکنید ، حتماً دیده اید که بسیاری از آنها تمایل به استخدام افرادی دارند که به زبان انگلیسی تسلط دارند. بنابراین کسانی که به زبان دوم ، به ویژه انگلیسی تسلط دارند ، احتمالاً توسط مصاحبه پذیرفته می شوند و شروع به کار می کنند.
ارتباط با سراسر دنیا
در ابتدای این مطلب به یکی از مزیتهای یادگیری زبان انگلیسی که ارتباط داشتن با سراسر جهان است اشاره کردیم. وقتی شما زبان انگلیسی را بهعنوان زبان دوم خود انتخاب میکنیدمی توانید در شبکههای اجتماعی با افراد مختلف ارتباط برقرار کنید.
حتی دوستانی برای خود پیدا کنید و به گفتوگو با آنها بپردازد. میتوانید در مورد فرهنگ آن کشور مطالعه کنید؛ بسیاری از کتابها، اشعار و داستانهای معروف جهان را به زبان انگلیسی بخوانید و لذت ببرید.
بسیاری از افراد هستند که عاشق تماشا کردن فیلم ها بخصوص فیلمهای خارجی هستند. باید بدانید که تماشا کردن فیلم به زبان اصلی و حتی بدون زیرنویس فارسی لذتی چند برابر دارد. هم چنین با تماشاکردن فیلم به خوبی فرهنگ آن کشور را میشناسید.
پس یادتان باشد یادگیری زبان انگلیسی صرفا محدود به یادگیری قواعد زبانی و مجموعهای از لغات و واژگان نیست بلکه آشنایی با فرهنگ آن ملت یکی از مزایای اصلی یادگیری زبان دوم محسوب میشود.
اگر شما زبان انگلیسی را بخوبی بدانید و فردی باشید که به دنبال کردن اخبار روز دنیا علاقه مند است دیگر نیازی نیست به اخبارهای ترجمه شده گوش دهید.
در نتیجه یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به شما این امکان را میدهد تا از جایی که در حال حاضر قرار دارید با کل دنیا در ارتباط باشید.
امروزه به دلیل اهمیت یادگیری زبان انگلیسی و تأثیر آن بر وضعیت اجتماعی و فردی افراد ، انواع دوره آموزش زبان انگلیسی برای مقاطع مقدماتی ، متوسطه و پیشرفته طراحی شده و توسط معلمان در آموزشگاه ها و مجتمع های آموزشی تدریس می شود.
هدف از یادگیری زبان انگلیسی برای هر شخص ممکن است متفاوت باشد. همچنین اگر شما پیش از انتخاب یک دوره آموزش زبان
انگلیسی به صورت خودخوان به مطالعه زبان انگلیسی پرداخته و یا قبلاً در کلاسهای دیگری شرکت کرده باشید احتمالاً تا حدودی با زبان انگلیسی، لغات زبان انگلیسی و یا گرامر زبان آشنا هستید.
بنابراین بهتر است قبل از شرکت در کلاس زبان سطح خود را مشخص کنید. توصیه می کنم برای آگاهی از ویژگی های یک دوره آموزش زبان انگلیسی خوب ادامه مطلب را تا انتها مطالعه کنید و سعی کنید معیار های زیر را در نظر داشته باشید.
تقویت مکالمه مهمترین معیار دوره آموزش زبان انگلیسی
بسیاری از اوقات پیش میآید که زبانآموزان در یک کلاس زبان انگلیسی شرکت می کننداما پس از مدتها حتی نمیتوانند چندین جمله را به زبان انگلیسی به راحتی بیان کنند. بنابراین از این شکایت دارند که چرا مکالمه به زبان انگلیسی تا این حد دشوار است.
اما به راستی مکالمه زبان انگلیسی دشوار نیست؛ مشکل اینجاست که افرادی که در اینگونه کلاس ها شرکت می کنند فرصتی برای صحبت کردن و تقویت مهارت اسپیکینگ یا گفتاری زبان انگلیسی پیدا نمیکنند
ازآنجاییکه زبان انگلیسی در کشور ما یک زبان خارجی محسوب میشود و خارج از محیط کلاس زبانآموزان تنها به زبان مادری خودشان صحبت میکنند و با این زبان ارتباط برقرار می کنند تنها فرصتی که میتوان برای تقویت مکالمه زبان انگلیسی و به خصوص تقویت مهارت های گفتاری و شنیداری ایجاد کرد درست زمانی است که زبان آموز در یک دوره آموزشی زبان انگلیسی شرکت میکند و با استاد خود ارتباط دارد
صرفنظر از اینکه سطح ابتدایی شما چیست و یا در چه سنی قرار دارید باید بتوانید از همان جلسه اول در تایم کلاس حتی به میزان کم صحبت کنید و به مرور آن را افزایش دهید.
آموزش گرامر زبان انگلیسی به صورت غیرمستقیم
یکی از مهمترین قسمتهای یادگیری هر زبانی یادگیری گرامر زبان است. البته بسیاری از مردم معتقدند که برای صحبت به زبان انگلیسی نیازی به یادگیری دستور زبان انگلیسی نداریم.
البته این ایده کاملا اشتباه است. اما از طرف دیگر ، باید بدانید که تمرکز بیش از حد بر حل تمرینات گرامر و به خاطر سپردن فرمول های یادگیری گرامر نیز بی فایده است ، بنابراین هنگام انتخاب یک دوره زبان انگلیسی ، تحقیق کنید و بپرسید که تدریس گرامر زبان در این کلاس چگونه انجام می شود.
بهترین روش آموزش دستور زبان انجام غیر مستقیم آن هنگام مکالمه انگلیسی است. آنچه از فرمول دستور زبان یک زبان مهمتر است ، استفاده صحیح از این گرامرها است.
به عنوان مثال ، شما می دانید که ما برای بیان اعمالی که در گذشته اتفاق افتاده است ، باید از زمان گذشته ساده استفاده کنیم ، اما فقط دانستن این موضوع و همچنین یادگیری فعل به شما در مکالمه انگلیسی کمک نمی کند.
آنچه مهم است چگونگی استفاده از این زمان و مکان استفاده از آن به روشی کاملاً طبیعی است ، شبیه به افرادی که زبان مادری آنها انگلیسی است و این حتی با سالها حل تمرین های دستوری محقق نخواهد شد.
دوره آموزش زبان انگلیسی تضمینی
امروزه به علت تعدد آموزشگاهها و مجموعه های آموزشی زبان انگلیسی بسیاری از زبانآموزان به هنگام ثبتنام در یک دوره آموزشی ترید دارند و نمیدانند که کدام یک آنها را زودتر به هدفشان خواهند رساند و یا کدام یک از آنها بهتر از دیگری است
البته من کاملاً تردید آنها و سردرگمی شان را در این مورد که در کدام یک از دورهها شرکت کنند درک می کنم چراکه نهتنها زمان برای همه انسانها بسیار ارزشمند است بلکه هزینهای که بابت کلاس زبان انگلیسی میپردازند باید نسبت به کیفیت آن کلاس معقول و منطقی باشد
اما اگر یک آموزشگاه اساتید مجرب زبان انگلیسی را برگزیند و به سیستم آموزش زبان انگلیسی خود اطمینان داشته باشد، آموزش زبان انگلیسی تضمینی را برای شما در نظر میگیرد.
بدین صورت مطابق با سطح اولیه شما، به شما میگوید که در انتهای دوره آموزش زبان انگلیسی به چه سطحی خواهید رسید و تا چه حد زبان انگلیسی شما پیشرفت میکند.
در نتیجه اگر میخواهید از شرکت کردن در یک دوره آموزش زبان انگلیسی اطمینان داشته باشید، کلاس زبان انگلیسی تضمینی می تواند یکی از بهترین گزینهها باشد.
منبع : مدادآموزش زبان انگلیسی...
زبان یعنی برقراری ارتباط میان انسانها و هنگامیکه شخصی یک زبان جدیدی مثل زبان انگلیسی را یاد میگیرد، به دنبال تقویت مکالمه آن زبان است.
زبان آموزان با تقویت مکالمه انگلیسی خود میتوانند بهراحتی در هر جای این دنیا با دیگران ارتباط برقرار کنند. اگر هدفتان این است که یک مکالمه روان داشنه باشید باید از بین چهار مهارت های شنیداری یا لیسنینگ، گفتاری یا اسپیکینگ، نوشتاری یا رایتینگ و در نهایت خواندن یا ریدینگ بر روی دو مهارت شنیداری و گفتاری تمرکز کنید.
مرتبط بخوانید: تدریس خصوصی زبان
در ادامه این مطلب به بررسی برخی از راهکارهای تقویت مکالمه میپردازیم.
تماشاکردن فیلم و سریال
احتمالاً تا به حال در مورد تأثیرات تماشا کردن فیلم و سریال و بر روی تقویت مهارتهای زبانی بسیار شنیدهاید؛ باید بدانید که این کار ارتباط تنگاتنگی با تقویت مکالمه انگلیسی نیز دارد. از آنجاییکه با تماشاکردن هر فیلم شما میتوانید مکالماتی که بین بازیگران هست را بشنوید و از آنها الگوبرداری
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the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.
The intestines form a continuous tube that is about 8 m (26 ft) long in adults. Food is pushed along this tube by contractions of muscles in the intestinal walls. In the small intestine, muscle contractions mix chyme with enzymes produced by the pancreas and intestinal lining. It is here that nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. In the large intestine, water is absorbed from the digestive waste, and the remaining waste is formed into stools.
The lining of the small intestine has a huge surface area due to the folds in its lining as well as villi, tiny fingerlike structures that project from the lining. Once digested, nutrients are absorbed into tiny blood vessels within the villi. They are then carried in the blood to the liver for processing. Food can remain in the small intestine for up to five hours.<|endoftext|>Ho visto il nuovo film di Ferzan Ozpetek, Un giorno perfetto. Una sequenza ininterrotta di disgrazie, fallimenti, delusioni. Non gliene va bene una a nessuno dei personaggi. Non ce n’è uno che non sia nel bel mezzo di una vita infelice. Tutti separati, licenziati, bocciati, picchiati, lasciati, stuprati, suicidati, ammazzati. Non parliamo poi del momento clou del film, quello di lui (Valerio Mastandrea) che uccide i figli e si suicida. Che Ozpetek sia un po’ depresso? E se sì, doveva proprio fare un film? Non poteva prendersi un periodo di aspettativa? E nel fare il film, non poteva evitare di inanellare tutta una serie di urticanti stereotipi? Non poteva risparmiarci la protagonista Isabella Ferrari che lavora in un call center (bastaaaa!!!)? E di farla licenziare perché troppo vecchia? Non poteva trattenersi dal rifilarci il politico carrierista e corrotto che trascura la famiglia?
Vabbè, ho capito, il film è tratto dal romanzo di Melania Mazzucco, ma a parte che adesso mi guarderò bene dal leggerlo, Ozpetek non poteva sfogliare un altro romanzo? Ce n’è tanti.<|endoftext|>Most of us consider ourselves animal lovers. We sign petitions against fireworks shows. We make sure our pets get all the right jabs and give them the right food for their age, size and health requirements. When they are tiny we nurse them with the greatest care and when they get old we comfort them, take care of them, and sometimes even hold their paw when they die.
But real animal welfare goes way beyond your backyard and even your neighbourhood. Sure, it starts there, but that's not where it ends.
You don't have to become a vegan or quit your job and join a Greenpeace boat in the Arctic to protect the orca. I'm talking about small changes you can make to your lifestyle that can make a big difference to animals all over the planet. By being more aware of the purchases you make and supporting companies that uses animal-friendly practices, you can be a lover of animals everywhere.
Products tested on animals
"You might be surprised how many people consider themselves to be animal lovers, yet they knowingly or unknowingly actually encourage or even promote cruelty," says Christine Kuch from the NSPCA. "I'm referring to the use of products that are tested on animals."
The animal rights organisation Beauty Without Cruelty estimates that annually approximately 150 million animals die in laboratories worldwide. "Many people only associate animal tests with the cosmetic industry," says Beauty Without Cruelty's Anne van Vliet. But in fact, a whole lot of different research is done on animals. "They are used in experiments on tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse, commercial products – such as household cleaners and the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, toxicology, education and in many other ways. Animals are scalded, burnt, drowned, electrocuted, poisoned and killed, all in the name of science and often without the benefit of anaesthesia or analgesics."
But it's not only products that are tested on animals that are problematic; some products also contain animal products. For the animal lover it is important to ensure that these ingredients were obtained in a humane way. Beauty Without Cruelty has put together a "Black and White list" of manufacturers that practice animal-friendly methods, and those who don't. Mail email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.org, or phone 011 704 6367 to request the latest approved lists.
What can you do?
Check labels carefully when shopping. Animal-friendly companies are usually very keen to advertise their goodwill and it should appear on the packaging. Be careful for products saying "The final product hasn't been tested on animals" which may mean that ingredients in the product were tested on animals.
Request Beauty without Cruelty's "black and white list" and ensure you buy products that meet their high standard of approval.
What's the fuss over free range?
You have seen the free-range products on the shelves and you know it has something to do with roaming chickens, but you don't really understand what the fuss is all about.
Free-range chickens are allowed varying degrees of freedom to live or move outside, and free-range eggs are laid by hens living in such conditions.
Van Vliet describes 'regular' or factory farming as: "the cruel practice of cramming as many animals as possible into as small an area as possible to increase productivity at the least possible cost in labour and finance". Battery hens are housed in huge sheds that can hold up to 20,000 birds per shed, according to a Beauty without Cruelty report. They also claim that shortly after hatching, hens are de-beaked and de-toed.
In factory farming practices laying hens live in a space about the size of an A4-sheet of paper, claims the same report. "Before entering the system the chicks' beaks are cut off with a hot blade to stop them from pecking each other in frustration… Because of the cramped conditions and the wire cage flooring, battery hens often suffer from deformed legs and feet… the birds never see sunlight."
Broilers (that's chickens bred for meat products) have an even worse fate. "They are kept in the same conditions as the laying hens and are fed hormones and antibiotics to keep them disease-free and promote growth at an unnatural speed," says Van Vliet. "These birds are totally crippled as their bodies are too large for the forced-growth of their skeletons to support."
Although not so common in South Africa yet, other meats, such as pork are also available in the free-range variety.
What can you do?
-Look out for the free-range label on eggs, chicken and other meat products and pay the extra rand or two.
Dolphins are a common by-catch in tuna fisheries. However, fishing methods and equipment have been developed to reduce the chance of a dolphin being harmed in the tuna fishing process.
Companies using dolphin-safe methods will display a "dolphin-friendly" logo on their label.
What can you do?
Only buy tuna cans with the dolphin-safe label.
The real victims of fashion
According to Beauty Without Cruelty around 40 million animals are killed every year for their fur. "About two thirds of these are reared on fur farms and the rest are trapped in the wild. But over and above these numbers, millions more non-target animals die in traps and are discarded by the trapper because they are useless. These animals often include domestic cats and dogs," says Van Vliet.
Farming animals for their fur is not a humane practice either. Very often exotic animals, like the mink that needs hectares of space in its natural habitat, are kept in small enclosures. "…stress causes them to form neurotic behaviour patterns such as tail biting, self-mutilation, cannibalism and ear chewing."
Be on the look out for clothing, accessories and sometimes even toys with fur trimmings. These products also contribute greatly to the animal fur trade.
Leather is commonly used in South Africa. The meat industry provides a fair amount of leather, but when demand outstrips that, animals are slaughtered for their skins only.
Some things just work better in leather, but do you have to buy an all-leather handbag? The same goes for shoes, purses, jackets, and more.
What can you do?
Don't buy fur garments.
Don't buy fur trimmed clothing, accessories or toys.
Don't buy all-leather products when there is a suitable alternative.
Don't be a litter bug
Litter is more than just unsightly or a blot on our landscape - it is dangerous. "The SPCA is frequently called out to rescue, assist or treat animals that have been trapped or injured by litter," explains Kuch. Common incidents include:
Dogs' paws cut by broken glass in parks.
Ducks and geese caught up in discarded fishing tackle or plastic litter.
Small mammals "entering" discarded cans and being unable to "reverse" out.
"In one instance, it was by chance that personnel from the NSPCA noticed a donkey limping badly. Closer inspection showed that a tin can had become wedged on the animal’s hoof."
How we dispose of rubbish is a real issue for animal welfare. Some plastics take hundreds of years to break down and aluminium cans never disintegrate. So the dangers to animals can remain long after the item itself has been discarded.
What can you do?
Try and recycle all non-degradable items, for example, plastic, glass and tin.
Ensure that your rubbish is disposed of in the proper manner.
Squash or cut open cartons or plastic bottles so that even if your rubbish ends up where it shouldn’t, these items are now animal-safe.
The plastic loops that hold cans of drinks together are effectively traps, as animals and birds can easily become tangled up in them. Snipping the loops before throwing them away can easily solve this – the same can be said for elastic bands.
"We can all do our bit to help animals – one of the easiest ways to protect them from injury is to recycle whatever possible and to keep our eyes open for dangers to them caused by other people’s littering," concludes Kuch.
– (Wilma Stassen, Health24, October 2008)
Killing your pet with kindness
- Last updated: June 2010<|endoftext|>|Belirlilik ve Belirsizlik
Marife (Belirli): Belirli bir şey için konulmuş isimdir.
Nekre (Belirsiz): Belirsiz bir şey için konulmuş isimdir.
İsim ve sıfatların belirli olduğunu göstermek için, başlarına ال takısı getirilir. Bu takıya, belirlilik takısı veya belirtme takısı denir. Bu belirlilik takısına Arapça da “harf’ut-tarif” denir.
قلم Kelimesi nekre olup herhangi bir kalem demektir. Halbuki, bu kelimenin başına ال getirirsek durum şöyle olur: القلم artık bu, bildiğimiz, bizce belli bir kalem demektir. Böyle, bilinen belirli varlıkları gösteren kelimelere marife denir.
Başında belirlilik takısı ال Bulunmayan, sonu tenvinli olup belirsiz bir varlığı gösteren بيت كتاب gibi kelimelere de nekre denir.
Nekre kelimeler, başında ال getirilerek marife yapılırken, sonlarındaki tenvin yani çift harekeden biri düşer, tek hareke kalır.<|endoftext|>Yumurtalıklar nedir?
Yaklaşık 1,75 — 2,5 santim çapında badem şeklinde gudde yapılarıdır. Rahmin iki tarafında pelviste bulunmakta ve Fallop tüplerinin huni biçimindeki ağızlarının bitişiğinde pelvisin arka çeperinden sarkmaktadırlar. Her yumurtalıkta gri-beyaz renkte bir dış kapsül, bir korteks veya asıl yapı ve kanın girip çıktığı sap biçiminde birer bağlantı noktası bulunmaktadır.
Yumurtalıkların fonksiyonları nelerdir?
a. Döllenmemiş bir yumurtanın peryodik imali. Her yumurtalığın korteksinde binlerce döllenmemiş yumurta bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri her ay Fallop tüplerinin huni biçimindeki ağzına itilmektedir. Bu işleme yumurtlama (ovulasyon) denmektedir. Yumurta erkek menisi (sperması) ile döllenirse işlem duraklar. Döllenme gerçekleşmezse âdet devam eder. Yumurtlama ile âdet arasındaki süre yaklaşık on dört gündür.
b. Yumurtalıklar değişik hormonlarını üretirler ve kan akımına ifraz ederler. Bu hormonlara estrogen ve progesteron denir. Bunlar yumurtlamayı ve âdetleri ayarlarlar, gebelik olduğu zaman onun devamına yardımcı olurlar ve kadın karakteristiklerinin gelişmesiyle sorumludurlar: Göğüslerin gelişmesi, kılların dağılma alanları, kadının kendisine özgü vücut yapısı ve sesi.
Normal yumurtalık fonksiyonu için iki yumurtalık da gerekli midir?
Hayır. Normal fonksiyon için bir yumurtalık ve hattâ bir yumurtalığın bir kısmı bile yeterlidir.
a. Yumurtalıkların iyi çalışmaması ile birlikte kistler de bulunmaktaysa ameliyat yoluyla her yumurtalıktan kıskı şeklinde birer parçanın alınması çok kez hastalığı gidermektedir.
b. Bazı hallerde yumurtalıkların ifrazat yapmasını teşvik ve tahrik için küçük dozajlarda X ışınları radyasyonu yararlı olmaktadır.
c. Eğer yumurtalıkların görevlerini yapamamaları, tiroid veya hipofiz salgı bezlerinin iyi çalışmamasından ileri gelmekteyse, o zaman yumurtalıklardaki düzensizliğini ortadan kaldırabilmek için önce bu bezlerdeki kusurlar gerekli tedavi ile giderilmelidir.
d. Normal dönemin yerine getirilmesi için ayarlı dozajlarda estrogen ve progesteron hormonları verilmesiyle yapılacak olan bir dönem tedavi de yararlı olabilecektir.
e. Son zamanlarda yapılan deneylerde yumurtalıkların normal fonksiyonlarına dönmelerini temin için kortizonun yararlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Yumurtalık fonksiyon bozuklukları kendiliğinden iyileşebilir mi?
Evet. Çok kez hiçbir tedaviye başvurulmadan yumurtalıklar normal fonksiyonlarını yeniden yapmaya başlamaktadırlar.
Yumurtalık fonksiyon bozuklukları hangi yaşta meydana gelebilir?
Erginlik ile âdetlerin kesilmesi (menopoz) arasında her çağda mey dana gelebilir. Fakat genellikle erginliğin başlamasıyla, genç yaşlar arasında görülmektedir.
Yumurtalıklarında fonksiyon bozuklukları olan bir kadın gebe kalabilir mi?
Eğer yumurtalıkların fonksiyon bozukluklarından dolayı yumurta yapmamakta ise bu kadın gebe kalamayacaktır. Ancak, bu durum tedavi edildikten sonra gebelik olur.
Bir kadın yumurta üretemediği hallerde bu durum ilâçlarla düzeltilebilecek midir?
Evet. Bu durumu düzeltebilecek çok çeşitli ve tesirli ilâçlar vardır. Bazı hallerde bu ilâçlar yalnız yumurta yapmayı tahrik ve teşvik etmekle kalmamakta; ikiz, üçüz ve dördüz çocukların doğmasına neden oldukları zannedilmektedir.
Follikül kistleri nedir?
Bunlar bir yumurtalığın yüzeyinde gelinen, içi sıvı dolu küçük torbalardır. Yumurta üreten follikülün kopamamasından ileri gelmektedirler. Böylece emilecekleri yerde kist halinde kalmaktadırlar.
Yumurtalıklar hangi yaşta çalışmaya başlar?
On iki ile on altı yaşları arasında erginlik meydana geldikten sonra.
Yumurtalıklar iltihaplara veya enfeksiyonlara mâruz kalırlar mı?
Evet. Fallop tüplerinin yakınlığı dolayıyla bu yapıdaki bir hastalık çok kez yumurtalıklara bulaşabilir.
İltihaplanmış veya enfekte olmuş yumurtalıklarda ne belirtiler görülür?
Salpenjitte görülen belirtilerin aynıdır.
Yumurtalıkların görevlerini yapmamaları (yumurtalık fonksiyon bozuklukları) ne demektir?
Yumurtalıkların hormon üretiminde bir bozukluk veya dengesizlik bulunmaktadır. Bunun belirtileri âdetlerde düzensizlik, gebe kalınamamak veya gebeliği muhafaza edememektir. Bu gibi düzensizlikler yumurtalıkların kendisinden gelebilmekte veya hipofiz salgı bezleri ya da tiroid bezlerinin iyi çalışmamasından ileri gelen tâli bir durum olabilmektedir.
Yumurtalıkların uzun süre düzensiz işlemesiyle ne gibi belirtiler gelişebilmektedir?
a. Adet döneminde tam bir düzensizlik ve âdetin karakterinde ve cinsinde değişiklikler.
b. Aşırı derecede şişmanlama.
c. Vücutta normalden fazla kıl çıkması.
d. Rahim çeperinin fazla gelişmesi ve büyümesi (endometrial hi-perplazi).
e. Kısırlık.
Yumurtalıkların düzensiz işlemesinin sonuçları nedir?
Yumurtalıkların üretmekte olduğu en önemli iki hormon olan estrogen ile progesteron arasındaki üretim ve tüketim dengesi bozulmaktadır. Bu durum ise yumurta yapmak, âdet olunması ve rallimin gebeliği kabul etmesi hazırlıklarına engel olabilmektedir.
Yumurtalıkların düzensiz işlemesinin tedavi yolları nedir?
Her şeyden önce dengesizliğin asıl nedeni tespit edilmelidir. Bozukluğun nereden, yumurtalıktan mı, tiroidden mi veya hipofiz salgı bezlerinden mi gelmekte olduğunu öğrenebilmek için kan ve idrarda hormon araştırmaları yapılmalıdır. Tam bir teşhise varabilmek için “endometrial biyopsi” ve dölyolu kanser smiri de yardımcı olarak yapılmaktadır.
Follikül kistleri ne kadar büyüklüğe ulaşırlar?
Bir bezelye tanesinden bir erik büyüklüğüne kadar gelişebilirler.
Follikül kistleri neden meydana gelir?
a. Yumurtalığın dış tabakasını kalınlaştırmış olan, önce gelmiş olan bir enfeksiyondan.
b. Yumurtalıkların çalışmasındaki dengesizlikten.
Follikül kistlerin belirtileri nelerdir?
Hiçbir belirti göstermeyebilirler veya yukarıda anlatıldığı gibi yumurtalıkların görevlerini tam yapmalarını engelleyebilirler. Tek başına gelişen daha büyük follikül kisti bazı hallerde karın bölgesinde sancılara, idrarda zorluk, cinsel temasta sancı ve âdetlerde düzensizliğe yol açabilir.
Follikül kistleri patlayabilir mi?
Evet. Bu olduğu hallerde alt karın bölgesinde şiddetli sancı, bas
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代诗人翁翔，字仲举，有五言穴春残锣一律，上半首是：‘又是春残也，如何出翠帷？落花人独立，微雨燕双飞。’这两句在翁诗中不见得十分出奇，一经小山和上文配合，便尔惊人。”并称：“他（小山）的本领是用了别人的诗，有时反而使读者觉得它比原诗更好——多半是因为他配置得好。”前几年，见到沈祖棻的遗著《宋词赏析》，沈教授在谈到小山的《临江仙》时恰好也提到“落花”一联。沈教授说：“小晏词用翁诗，以前的词论家没有注意到，因此也没有论及。”其实早在四十几年前，我就“注意到”了，也稍稍“论及”了一下，只是那个时候，我还算不上是什么“词论家”。
一九三八年，我到西北联合大学任讲师，讲授李义山诗、宋词选、修辞学等课，才认真读词，注重词学中的一些问题。一九三九年，陈立夫将西北联合大学改名为西北大学，并且派文化特务进校，在西北大学压迫进步教授，校务委员许寿裳教授被迫离校赴云南中山大学任教。同年秋，经许寿裳推荐，中山大学来电聘请我为国文系教授，讲授文字学、古代文法、要籍目录等课。到中山大学后，我就不再教词，因为已经有了冯沅君。我在西北联合大学教词是承乏，到中山大学不教词是让贤。在中大时，曾有《点绛唇》四首，和沅君夫人原韵。词曰：
柳发篱梳，他年还忆篱前水。埋春何际，临镜衰颜是。（温庭筠诗：“衰桃一树临前池，似惜容颜镜中老。”）倦夜灯昏，起视繁星沸。闲中醉。也应欢喜，渐减伤时泪。
弄雾催寒，天涯又发桃花水。旧游难际，肠断知谁是。 树隔长堤，隐约歌声沸。何妨醉。晚晴堪喜，吹尽枝头泪。
坠粉飘红，一春香满堤边水。洗妆眉际，脉脉遥山是。 煮梦敲窗，夜夜高楼沸。春如醉。一分欢喜，万滴伤春泪。
离乱天涯，此生几见春江水。竭来胸际，千古兴亡是。 极目中原，难制肝肠沸。天心醉。十方悲喜，多少征夫泪。
一九四○年夏，中山大学迁回广东砰石。一九四二年，国民党CC份子在中大煽动风潮，我因拒绝与CC份子合作而被解聘。此后，我曾任湖南国立师范学院教授，又任桂林师范学院国文系教授兼系主任。一九四四年夏，受聘为重庆中央大学国文系教授。日本投降后，于一九四六年随中央大学复员船迁返南京。在大后方，结合教学工作，对于词学研究也有所积累。我曾以《论读词》为题，在重庆《读书通讯》连载论词文章。并且应罗根泽之约，在《中央日报》文史周刊上连续发表论词文章：《论词的句读》、《论名物训诂隶事之类》、《论词的章法》及《论读词须有想象》。当时想以此为基础，编纂一部《词学导论》，后因出国讲学而中止。
一九四七年十一月十七日，我得到英国牛津大学电聘前赴讲学，一九四八年一月八日抵英，任牛津大学高级讲师兼导师，用英语讲授中国文学史、中国散文吏、中国诗及甲骨文等课。旅英期间，我注重于红学研究，在牛津大学出版了《红楼梦探源》（英文版)。一九六二年归回祖国，直至一九七九年，我发表了三十多篇红学专论，编集为《红楼梦探源外编》，于一九八○年由上海古籍出版社出版。出国讲学后三十馀年，没有机会进行专门的词学研究工作，但却读了不少词书，并将自己的心得批在书上。随看随批，可能批了一、二十种。我在一九七八年以来所发表的论词文章，有的就是根据书中的批语整理而成的。我想将来编写成为一部《罗音室词话》。
一九七八年中国社会科学院成立研究生院，我被聘请为文学系教授，指导唐宋诗同硕士研究生，一九八三年又指导词学博士研究生。七、八年间，发表了若干论词文章。解放以来的词学研究，其中有一个问题，就是以豪放、婉约划线，“言必称苏、辛，论必批柳、周”，并且人云亦云，形成了一种牢不可破的习惯势力。其实这是不切实际的。我非常不赞成这种错误做法。产生这种错误，除了大家都知道的原因以外，寻根究底，我看还有两个方面的根源：一是胡寅的谬误，二是宋人笔记小说的谬误。胡寅所谓“眉山苏氏（苏轼)，一洗绮罗香泽之态，摆脱绸缪宛转之度”，所谓“《花间》为皂隶”，“柳氏（柳永）为舆台”云云，完全是一派胡言。胡寅不曾传下一首词，也许根本不懂词，但“外行领导内行”，后世的词论家则跟着瞎起哄。这是一大根源。其次，产生这种错误，与宋人爱编造“本事”也有一定关系。例如，有关柳永、周邦彦以及苏轼等人的某些风流韵事都是笔记小说中胡编乱造的，而后世论者信以为真，以之作为论词的依据，或者为了证明自己的观点，明知有误，也要拿来虚张声势。这两个方面的根源非彻底铲除不可。一九七九年，我在研究生院讲授《词学专题》时就曾指出：
周济《宋四家词选》划苏、辛为一派，以辛弃疾作为头头，苏轼归附之，以为稼轩地位在东坡之上；另一派以秦观为代表。这样分派很不全面，不准确。实际上，秦观的词有的一点也不婉约，柳永、李清照也有写得很露骨的；而苏轼三百多首词，写得豪放的，仅个别几首，辛弃疾是带兵打仗的人，也受了李清照很大影响。此外，周邦彦词，则既不豪放，也不婉约。两派说，无法包括全部宋词。
我反对以豪放、婉约二派论词。我向研究生讲这一问题，遇到有关专家也讲这个问题，有的人不赞同我的意见，但也有赞同的。 一九八二年九、十月间，我在日本讲学时曾明确指出：“北·宋根本没有豪放派”。我说不能将苏轼看作豪放派的领袖。我的意见在日本学术界颇为轰动，日报《朝日新闻》称：吴世昌创立新说，向传统词论观挑战！这篇讲稿发表在《文学遗产》一九八三年第二期上，题为：《有关苏词的若干问题》。此外，我还撰写《宋词中的“豪放派”与“婉约派”》（载《文史知识》一九八三年第九期），对上述观点进一步加以阐发。除了破除豪放、婉约“二一分法”，我还准备将宋人笔记小说中胡编乱造的词“本事”，来一番总清算，免得年轻一代再次受骗。
我平生为词，不听止庵之所谓“问涂碧山”，而是取径二晏以入清真、稼轩。我最不喜欢梦窗。清末民初某些词人标举梦窗，其目的一是在于借梦窗以抒遗老之情，二是在于借梦窗以掩饰其艳冶生活，三是在于借梦窗以掩盖自己的浅薄无知。对于填词此道，我一向主张“真言语真性情”。离开这个“真”字，也就丧失了生命力。同时，也只有这个“真”字，才能深切体验古词人之良苦用心，也才能学好词，写出有功于词苑、有益于读者的词沦。<|endoftext|>The provision of services and the production of wares and services nowadays often require the cooperation of partners from different sectors. These cooperations can comprise public and private organizations, companies, universities, NGOs, and other groupings as well as individuals. The cooperative collaboration is esteemed as a core element of democratic social systems within a free market economy (Kirsch, 1996; Pongsiri, 2001). As one relevant method of organizing such collaborations, public private networks (PPN) extend the concept of public private partnerships (PPP) by adding the idea of networking and its core elements. From a scientific point of view as well as from the business perspective there is a shortcoming in the systematic processing of ideas, motivations, and forms as well as implications for internal and external participants of PPPs/PPNs. In the following, partnerships between partners from public and private business environments will be discussed. (Pongsiri, 2001) In particular, PPPs and PPNs in the field of academic education will be portrayed, since the cooperation in knowledge intensive areas is seen as an important issue. (Inkpen, 1996; Seufert, von Krogh, & Back, 1999) In the following the concepts of PPPs and PPNs will be explained. This will be done by an extensive literature review. The aim is to provide the required definitions and to discuss the incorporated views of others.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Network Management: Since networks are dynamic and thus not only “one-time foundation events,” they need support when they are established, in their operation and when they have to be modified and when they are closed, that is they need network management. This instrument can be realized through a specific partner as well as in cooperation.
Public Private Networks (PPNs): PPNs are extending the concept of PPPs by adding to it the idea of networking and its core elements. While typical PPPs are predominantly focused on closed cooperation between a company on one hand and a specific public institution on the other hand, PPNs enable scores of partners from public and private organizations to create partnerships.
(Higher) Education Networks: A cooperative form of networks, like business networks, focusing educational issues. Might appear in primary as well as in further education as well as for life long learning scenarios.
E-Learning: E-learning (technology-enhanced learning or electronic learning) is seen as an instrument to foster the exchange of educational services between partners from academia and industry, to support life long learning scenarios and to bring education offers to the workplace and into everyday life.
Public Private Virtual Networks (PPVNs): PPNs in the form of PPVNs are enriched by the idea of the virtualization of service provision. The management of those partnerships as well as the whole process of service provision can be realized in a virtual way.
Co-Destiny: A concept for using synergies in the performance process in y-models of PPPs.
Public Private Partnerships (PPPs): An arrangement between government and private sector entities for the purpose of providing public infrastructure, community facilities and other services and wares. PPPs are characterized by the sharing of investment, risk, responsibility and reward between the partners being involved. PPP is seen as an institutionalized form of cooperation with public and private actors with both parties bringing in their own resources to achieve complementary goals.<|endoftext|>Un paio di giorni fa, è scoppiata una polemica riguardo una decisione apparentemente ‘politica’ presa dalla direzione del Museo Egizio del Cairo. Sabah Abd el-Razek, alla guida del museo di Piazza Tahrir dallo scorso settembre, ha infatti riferito di un cambio di denominazione per uno dei reperti più famosi dell’intera collezione: la cosiddetta “Stele di Israele”. La stele – una lastra in granito nero di 318 x 163 x 32 cm – risale ad Amenofi III (1387-1348 a.C.), ma fu modificata da Merenptah nel suo quinto anno di regno (1209-1208) per descrivere una vittoriosa spedizione contro le tribù libiche dei Libu e dei Meshwesh. Tuttavia, nelle ultime tre righe delle 28 totali, viene menzionata un’ulteriore campagna militare verso la terra di Canaan che è la causa del nome della stele. Infatti, tra i nemici sconfitti dal figlio di Ramesse II, viene annoverato anche il popolo di YsyriAr (evidenziato in arancione nell’immagine in basso presa dalla pubblicazione di Flinders Petrie che scoprì la stele nel 1896 presso il tempio funerario di Merenptah a Tebe Ovest), termine considerato dai più come la più antica menzione di Israele:
“I re sono abbattuti e dicono ‘Salam’. Nessuno tiene alta la testa fra i Nove Archi; la Libia è devastata; Kheta è pacificata; Canaan è depredata con ogni male; Ascalon è deportata; Geser è conquistata; Ionoam è ridotta come ciò che non esiste; Israele è desolato, non c’è più il suo seme. La Palestina è divenuta vedova per l’Egitto: tutte quante le terre sono pacificate, chi era turbolento è stato legato dal re Merenptah, sia egli dotato di vita come Ra, ogni giorno”.
[traduzione: BRESCIANI E., Letteratura e Poesia dell’Antico Egitto, Torino 1969, p. 277]
Tornando alla polemica, lunedì scorso è stato annunciato che la decennale didascalia del reperto (JE 31408) è stata modificata inserendo la dicitura “Stele della Vittoria di Merenptah” al posto di “Stele d’Israele” (vedi a sinistra). Alla base della decisione presa da un comitato scientifico creato ad hoc, sembra ci fosse un non ben specificato sbaglio nel testo della descrizione, forse un’errata datazione al regno di Ramesse II. In ogni caso, pur non trattandosi di un vero e proprio cambiamento concettuale (gli egittologi utilizzano entrambi i nomi o anche semplicemente “Stele di Merenptah”), in molti hanno visto nel provvedimento l’ennesimo sintomo della politica sempre più nazionalistica del regime militare egiziano e un segno delle storiche tensioni con Israele – basti pensare solo alla Guerra dei sei giorni (5-10 giugno 1967) – pur comunque attenuatesi negli ultimi anni.<|endoftext|>La Gran Bretagna dovrà “assumere le conseguenze” di un rapporto economico meno forte con l’Unione Europea una volta terminato il processo della Brexit: lo ha dichiarato la Cancelliera tedesca Angela Merkel, in un momento in cui i negoziati in vista dei futuri rapporti bilaterali rimangono ad un punto morto – mentre a partire dal prossimo primo luglio sarà proprio la Germania ad assumere la presidenza di turno dell’Ue.
“Dobbiamo disfarci dell’idea che siamo noi a dover definire ciò che vuole la Gran Bretagna: la Gran Bretagna decide, e noi Ventisette forniremo un’adeguata risposta”, ha proseguito Merkel.
“Se il Regno Unito non desidera delle regolamentazioni paragonabili a quelle europee in materia di ambiente, di mercato del lavoro o di norme sociali, i nostri rapporti saranno meno stretti”, ha concluso la Cancelliera. (askanews)<|endoftext|>روز گذشته حبیبالله طاهرخانی معاون وزیر راه و شهرسازی در همایش طرح اقدام ملی مسکن خبر داد: از کل برنامه اجرایی طرح اقدام ملی در شهرهای جدید ۶۰ درصد واحدها (بالغ بر ۹۶ هزار واحد) در قالب فروش اقساطی و ثبت نام اعلام و ۳۳ هزار واحد نیز در قالب واگذاری زمین و تعهد ساخت در مرحله اجرا قرار گرفته اند.
گروه زیربنایی شروع آنلاین ،حبیباله طاهرخانی، معاون وزیر راه و شهرسازی و مدیرعامل شرکت عمران شهرهای جدید در همایش طرح اقدام ملی مسکن به ارائه گزارشی از وضعیت کلی این طرح در شهرهای جدید کشور پرداخت و گفت: از ۱۹۵ هزار واحد واحد مسکونی برنامهریزیشده این طرح، جهت پاسخگویی به بازار مسکن کلانشهرها در شهرهای جدید کشور، در حال حاضر ۱۶۱ هزار واحد، دارای برنامه اجرایی و ۳۳ هزار واحد نیز در مرحله جانمایی هستند.
وی افزود: طبق آمار موجود از ۱۶۱ هزار واحد مذکور، عملیات اجرایی ۶۲ هزار واحد در قالب ساخت و محلهسازی آغاز و ۹۸ هزار واحد دیگر در شرف اجرا هستند. همچنین، از کل برنامه اجرایی طرح اقدام ملی در شهرهای جدید ۶۰ درصد واحدها بالغبر ۹۶ هزار واحد در قالب فروش اقساطی و ثبت نام اعلام و ۳۳ هزار واحد نیز در قالب واگذاری زمین و
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see the liquid running down the side of the shock assembly.
Signs of a failing or Failed Shock?
Since your vehicle's shock absorbers play a crucial role in handling and comfort, it is crucial to know the signs of a failing or failed shock. They include:
- Feeling that the rear end is "loose" while going around turns
- Bumping or knocking from the rear suspension
- The rear end bounces more than it should
- Vehicle does not sit level
- Even small bumps are very noticeable
- Jarring ride over rougher roads
If you feel your shocks or any part of the suspension system needs to be attended to, we invite you to bring your vehicle into River City Tire & Automotive today to inspect each shock absorber and replace them if needed.<|endoftext|>Milyonlarca velella, uzun süren rüzgarlar sebebiyle batı sahillerine vurdu
22 Nisan 2015 00:19
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin batı sahilleri, deniz anasına benzeyen mavi canlılarla kaplandı. Uzmanlar, "velella" adı verilen ve aslında deniz anası olmasa da oldukça benzer olan bir tür "siphonophorae"lerin sahile vurmasının rüzgarın yön değiştirmesinden kaynaklandığını, bir çevre felaketinin bu duruma sebep olmadığını açıkladı.
Açık denizde yaşayan velellalar, zehirli dokungaçlarıyla yakaladıkları planktonlarla besleniyor. Deniz yüzeyini kaplayan mavi baloncuklar gibi görünen bu canlılar, her birkaç yılda bir rüzgarlar sebebiyle karaya vuruyor ve burada hayatlarını kaybediyor.
Uzmanlar, rüzgarların uzun sürmesi sebebiyle bu baharın kuzey Pasifik'teki velellalar için oldukça kötü geçtiğini belirtiyor.<|endoftext|>Farid, M. and Navabi, A. 2015. N2fixation ability of different dry bean genotypes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1243-1257. Common bean (Phaseolous vulgaris L.) is generally known as a weak N2 fixer compared with other legumes. The availability of genetic variation for N2 fixation potential of common bean supports the idea that symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in common bean can be improved through breeding. To assess the potential N2 fixation of selected common bean genotypes, 12 bean varieties including three Andean and nine Middle American were screened for SNF ability and related traits in controlled environments and field trials in Ontario, Canada. A non-nodulating mutant, R99, was used as the reference plant to estimate nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) through the natural 15N abundance method. Significant variation was found among the bean genotypes for Ndfa and its related traits. Environmental and genotype by environmental effects significantly influenced Ndfa and its related traits. The three Andean bean genotypes were superior to Middle American genotypes for nodulation ability, while the Middle American genotypes were generally stronger nitrogen fixers in optimum soil moisture conditions. In general, nitrogen fixation was found to be significantly associated with seed yield and carbon isotope discrimination, an indicator of water use efficiency.
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Gulliver's Travels was unique in its day; it was not written to woo or entertain. It was an indictment, and it was most popular among those who were indicted — that is, politicians, scientists, philosophers, and Englishmen in general. Swift was roasting people, and they were eager for the banquet.
Swift himself admitted to wanting to "vex" the world with his satire, and it is certainly in his tone, more than anything else, that one most feels his intentions. Besides the coarse language and bawdy scenes, probably the most important element that Dr. Bowdler deleted from the original Gulliver's Travels was this satiric tone. The tone of the original varies from mild wit to outright derision, but always present is a certain strata of ridicule. Dr. Bowdler gelded it of its satire and transformed it into a children's book.
After that literary operation, the original version was largely lost to the common reader. The Travels that proper Victorians bought for the family library was Bowdler's version, not Swift's. What irony that Bowdler would have laundered the Travels in order to get a version that he believed to be best for public consumption because, originally, the book was bought so avidly by the public that booksellers were raising the price of the volume, sure of making a few extra shillings on this bestseller. And not only did the educated buy and read the book — so also did the largely uneducated.
However, lest one think that Swift's satire is merely the weapon of exaggeration, it is important to note that exaggeration is only one facet of his satiric method. Swift uses mock seriousness and understatement; he parodies and burlesques; he presents a virtue and then turns it into a vice. He takes pot-shots at all sorts of sacred cows. Besides science, Swift debunks the whole sentimental attitude surrounding children. At birth, for instance, Lilliputian children were "wisely" taken from their parents and given to the State to rear. In an earlier satire (A Modest Proposal), he had proposed that the very poor in Ireland sell their children to the English as gourmet food.
Swift is also a name-caller. Mankind, as he has a Brobdingnagian remark, is "the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that Nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth." Swift also inserted subtly hidden puns into some of his name-calling techniques. The island of Laputa, the island of pseudo-science, is literally (in Spanish) the land of "the whore." Science, which learned people of his generation were venerating as a goddess, Swift labeled a whore, and devoted a whole hook to illustrating the ridiculous behavior of her converts.
In addition, Swift mocks blind devotion. Gulliver, leaving the Houyhnhnms, says that he "took a second leave of my master, but as I was going to prostrate myself to kiss his hoof, he did me the honor to raise it gently to my mouth." Swift was indeed so thorough a satirist that many of his early readers misread the section on the Houyhnhnms. They were so enamored of reason that they did not realize that Swift was metamorphosing a virtue into a vice. In Book IV, Gulliver has come to idealize the horses. They embody pure reason, but they are not human. Literally, of course, we know they are not, but figuratively they seem an ideal for humans — until Swift exposes them as dull, unfeeling creatures, thoroughly unhuman. They take no pleasure in sex, nor do they ever overflow with either joy or melancholy. They are bloodless.
Gulliver's Travels was the work of a writer who had been using satire as his medium for over a quarter of a century. His life was one of continual disappointment, and satire was his complaint and his defense — against his enemies and against humankind. People, he believed, were generally ridiculous and petty, greedy and proud; they were blind to the "ideal of the mean." This ideal of the mean was present in one of Swift's first major satires, The Battle of the Books (1697). There, Swift took the side of the Ancients, but he showed their views to be ultimately as distorted as those of their adversaries, the Moderns. In Gulliver's last adventure, Swift again pointed to the ideal of the mean by positioning Gulliver between symbols of sterile reason and symbols of gross sensuality. To Swift, Man is a mixture of sense and nonsense; he had accomplished much but had fallen far short of what he could have been and what he could have done.
Swift was certainly not one of the optimists typical of his century. He did not believe that the Age of Science was the triumph that a great majority of his countrymen believed it to be. Science and reason needed limits, and they needed a good measure of humanism. They did not require absolute devotion.
Swift was a highly moral man and was shocked by his contemporaries' easy conversion to reason as the be-all and end-all of philosophy. To be so gullible amounted to non-reason in Swift's thinking. He therefore offered up the impractical scientists of Laputa and the impersonal, but absolutely reasonable, Houyhnhnms as embodiments of science and reason carried to ridiculous limits. Swift, in fact, created the whole of Gulliver's Travels in order to give the public a new moral lens. Through this lens, Swift hoped to "vex" his readers by offering them new insights into the game of politics and into the social follies of humans.<|endoftext|>A new study in JAMA reports that teens who got bariatric surgery lost a substantial amount of weight. But the clinical trial only looked at one type of surgery — gastric banding, which involves wrapping a silicone band around the upper stomach to restrict food intake.
There’s another bariatric procedure, gastric bypass surgery, which typically involves creating a small stomach pouch and a passage so food bypasses the rest of the stomach and parts of the small intestine. The authors argued in their paper that gastric banding is more appropriate for young patients because it is safer than gastric bypass as well as being “adjustable and reversible.”
Paul O’Brien, the lead author, said in an interview that “the band is safe, whereas the bypass is not yet safe enough.” For teenagers, the option to remove the band later in life is important, partly because new treatment options may emerge, according to O’Brien. “The band I can back away from, the bypass I can’t back away from,” he said.
But that argument is likely to spark some debate, reflecting the back-and-forth that’s already common among surgeons over which procedure is best for adults. Another prominent researcher, Thomas Inge of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, who is leading a major NIH-funded study of bariatric surgery in young people, said “the jury is out for the teens on which is going to be more effective.” He said bypass operations are “generally more effective for weight loss,” and that the safety question is “subject to interpretation.”
Inge and others note that in the past, the Australian group that led the new study has seen better results from banding than are typical in the U.S., partly because of the fractured U.S. health system and payment policies that can limit follow-up care. Here’s more from the WSJ.<|endoftext|>While St. Patrick is Ireland’s most famous saint, there are many other holy Irish men and women we should all remember. Here are a few soul friends from the Isle of Saints for you to enjoy.
St. Brendan the Navigator
St. Brendan was born in County Kerry in around 485. He was educated by saints, including St. Ita and St. Jarlath. He became a monk-priest in 512.
At first, Brendan contented himself with evangelizing Ireland. He founded many monasteries, including Clonfert, which eventually had three thousand monks. He eventually realized that his missionary powers couldn’t be contained by a single island, even if that island is arguably the best in the world (I might be biased). He did a three-year mission to Wales, Iona (an island off the coast of Scotland), and other bits of the modern-day United Kingdom.
His most famous journey lasted seven years. Like many old saint stories, it’s difficult to tell what actually happened and what was a pious (or not so pious) fantasy, as writers in this time period bravely refused to let the truth get in the way of a good story. We do know that while St. Brendan was alive, Christianity was growing in Ireland and Irish missionaries were beginning to evangelize Europe. It’s reasonable to assume that some of the accounts of St. Brendan’s sea voyage actually happened. However, many events in The Wandering of St. Brendan are definitely false. For example, historians agree that he probably didn’t land on an island that turned out to be a sea monster.
According to the legend, an old monk told Brendan that he (the monk) had just returned from Paradise. Despite being a nonagenarian, Brendan retreated to an especially craggy cliff in southwest Ireland and prayed for forty days. Then he gathered somewhere between eighteen and 150 monks and set sail in a wicker boat.
As the legend goes, they made it to the Canary Islands, and possibly even as far as the Americas. Some historians argue that Leif Erickson and Christopher Colombus used tales of St. Brendan’s journey in their own explorations.
Whatever the truth is, we know that the story of St. Brendan’s travels were treated like a Celtic version of The Odyssey. They inspired generations of Irish Catholics to spread their faith to Europe and later, North America.
Columba was born to royal parents in County Donegal in the sixth century, right around the time Irish monasticism was growing in popularity.
Irish monasticism was different from its counterpart in Europe in a few ways. First, the Irish had many hermits, whereas hermits on the continent were mostly absorbed by monasteries at this time. Second, the Irish monasteries were quite austere. Common practices included submerging oneself in cold water for hours, kneeling on stone with arms outstretched in a cruciform position for hours, and a somehow even uglier version of the tonsure. Finally, the diocesan system didn’t make sense in Ireland, because Irish society was divided into semi-nomadic tribes. So in Ireland, monasteries were the basic unit of the church. A single monastery could have thousands of dependents, each of whom would view themself as a sort of family member of the monastery’s patron saint.
This system was coming into its own when Columba was born in 521. He was lucky to study under several men now regarded as saints, the first of whom was St. Finian, another famous Irish saint.
Columba was ordained when he was twenty-five. He was a disciple of St. Mobhí for a while and seemed to regard Mobhí as his spiritual father. Unfortunately, Mobhí’s school was closed by the plague in 544, and eventually killed its founder.
Columba traveled the country founding monasteries. Then he and St. Finnian got into a huge fight over a copy of a book Columba had made. This fight somehow escalated into a clan war in which three thousand people died. Columba was censured by a synod and left Ireland in disgrace.
What I love about Columba is that he didn’t drown in his shame. He repented and went on to do great things for the Church. He settled in Iona with twelve other monks. The monastery they founded became the center of Celtic Christian culture. One legend claims he even fought the Loch Ness Monster (see my above notes about the veracity of saintly lore in this time period). He spent the rest of his life converting people, attending synods, and defending Celtic Christianity. The monks he trained evangelized Europe.
St. Darerca is featured in several obscure old manuscripts about which historians like to write contradictory essays. Most agree that she was St. Patricks’ sister and most likely one of the best mothers in the history of Christendom. She had somewhere between twelve or nineteen children, most of whom are saints, many of whom were founding bishops and nuns of Ireland, and a few who were neither, which had to be a bit awkward.
We don’t know much about her, but we know that she raised more saints than perhaps any other parent in the history of Christendom. That’s worth remembering.
Even though we’re not sure if St. Dymphna was Irish or English, most holy cards describe her as Irish, so we’ll go with it. I also think she’s important to talk about in the age of heightened mental health and sexual assault awareness. Be warned, her story is a bit triggering. And horrifying. And beautiful. And weird.
Dymphna was the daughter of a Celtic chieftain or king in the seventh century. She was a beautiful, pious girl who took after her mother. She took a vow of chastity at the age of fourteen.
After her mother’s death, her father’s mental health began to deteriorate. He missed his wife terribly. Unfortunately, Dymphna looked extraordinarily like her mother. Her father began to make sexual advances upon her. His counselors encouraged his madness and suggested he marry his daughter.
This was messed up even by seventh century standards, so Dymphna and her confessor, St. Gerebernus, left for Antwerp. They began a life as hermits outside Amsterdam. Unfortunately, Dymphna’s father found them. His soldiers murdered Gerebernus and two companions and demanded that Dymphna return with them. They beheaded her when she refused.
In the seventh century, the remains of four martyrs were found near Amsterdam, near the spot where Dymphna and the rest were reported to have been martyred. People immediately began to report miracles among people suffering from insanity, possession, and epilepsy. Someone built an asylum on the spot, and there are rumors that Van Gogh’s father tried to get him to visit.
Do you know any other great stories of Irish saints or other great Irish Catholic legends? Share them in the comments below.
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Melissa Keating is a writer, editor, and content strategist based in St. Louis. She has been writing weird things that Catholics seem to like since her freshman year at Benedictine College in Atchison, Kansas, where she graduated with degrees in communications and foreign languages in 2012. Melissa then took her oddball talents to the Fellowship of Catholic University Students (FOCUS), where she helped found the Digital Campus. She has worked on award-winning multi-media stories for the Archdiocese of Denver and contributed to The Catholic Hipster Handbook before moving back home to St. Louis, where she helped parishes start support groups for the bereaved and the divorced and separated.
You can now offer ongoing support for this content with a recurring gift.<|endoftext|>Few decisions are made using a purely rational process, you know, weighing the pros and the cons, doing a cost-benefit analysis. Have you ever bought something that you just truly loved and then gone home and tried to justify it with logic? Well, if you've done that, you certainly are not alone. I'm Marlene, and today in this tutorial I'd like to look with you at some of the non-rational factors that go into our decision making.
So let's start by defining non-rational. Now, non-rational of course is the opposite of rational. And in decision making, it's the influence of emotional factors rather than tangible gains and losses associated with a choice. So we're going to look at those emotional factors, and we're also going to look at two other kinds of factors. In addition to emotional, there's relational and neurological, so we'll be talking about these three factors.
But let's
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.
Domande frequenti
In che modo i capelli corti possono farla sembrare più giovane?
I capelli corti possono creare l'illusione della giovinezza in diversi modi. I tagli eliminano le doppie punte e i danni, dando ai capelli un nuovo inizio. Gli stili corti richiedono meno manutenzione e styling, evitando l'aspetto di capelli flosci e troppo lavorati. Strati e texture in tagli come bob, lob e pixie volumizzano i capelli fini o sottili, per un aspetto più pieno e folto. Gli elementi che incorniciano il viso ammorbidiscono i tratti e mimetizzano le rughe e i cedimenti. La frangia corta minimizza le linee della fronte e copre l'attaccatura dei capelli. La leggerezza e il movimento eliminano la severità del viso.
Cosa fa sì che i capelli corti la facciano sembrare più vecchia?
I capelli corti possono invecchiare se sono di una lunghezza poco lusinghiera o se espongono dei difetti. I capelli troppo corti possono invecchiare sulla forma del viso sbagliata o con lineamenti molto piccoli. I tagli corti e i pixie enfatizzano la durezza e la severità della struttura ossea angolare. Senza l'effetto ammorbidente dei capelli lunghi, i tagli corti possono accentuare le rughe, i cedimenti, i pori dilatati e il tono della pelle non uniforme. I capelli diradati appaiono più evidenti senza la lunghezza che li copre. I tagli antiquati e poco eleganti proiettano anche l'età avanzata.
La forma del viso è importante per la percezione dell'età dei capelli corti?
Sì, la forma del viso gioca un ruolo fondamentale nel far apparire i capelli corti invecchiati o giovani. I visi rotondi e ovali con mascelle più morbide si adattano alla maggior parte degli stili corti. I visi a cuore, lunghi, stretti e quadrati spesso richiedono una certa lunghezza per essere equilibrati. I tagli estremi e i sottosquadra severi accorciano in modo sproporzionato le dimensioni verticali del viso, e possono sembrare invecchiati. Chieda al suo stilista quali tagli corti si adattano meglio alla forma del suo viso.
In che modo la texture dei capelli influisce sulla percezione dell'età dei capelli corti?
La texture dei capelli influenza l'effetto dei capelli corti sulla percezione dell'età. I capelli più fini beneficiano di strati strategici e di tagli texturizzanti per aumentare il volume e lo spessore. Le texture più grossolane possono sostenere tagli molto corti, perché i capelli rimangono pieni. I capelli ricci e ondulati hanno bisogno di mantenere la forma e il movimento, non di tagli severi che possono invecchiare. Conosca le proprietà dei suoi capelli per determinare le opzioni di stile corto più lusinghiere.
Che ruolo ha la condizione della pelle nella percezione dell'età dei capelli corti?
La condizione della pelle influisce molto sulla percezione dell'età con i capelli corti. I tagli tagliati attirano maggiormente l'attenzione sul viso e sulle imperfezioni della pelle. Una pelle liscia, luminosa e di tono uniforme mantiene un aspetto giovanile illuminato. I difetti come le rughe, le macchie solari, i pori dilatati e la pelle crespa vengono enfatizzati senza capelli più lunghi che li nascondano. Idratare e proteggere la salute della pelle è fondamentale.
Come posso trovare l'acconciatura corta più adatta a me?
Consideri la forma del suo viso, la consistenza dei capelli, la condizione della pelle e la personalità stilistica per determinare lo stile corto che la fa apparire più giovane e vivace. Cerchi tagli che accentuino le sue caratteristiche migliori. Si accorci gradualmente e per gradi, per ottenere il massimo comfort. Si faccia consigliare da un esperto un taglio personalizzato per lei. Aggiunga strati addolcenti che incorniciano il viso. Texture, volume, flusso e movimento contribuiscono a massimizzare la sua bellezza unica.
Quale manutenzione è necessaria per i tagli di capelli corti?
Per mantenere l'aspetto fresco e giovanile dei tagli di capelli corti, è fondamentale una spuntatura regolare per evitare le doppie punte e la rottura. Utilizzi maschere e trattamenti riparatori. Se copre i capelli grigi, ritocchi frequentemente le radici. Idrati bene i capelli e le punte. Utilizzi un protettore termico durante lo styling a caldo. Eviti l'eccessiva lavorazione che causa danni. Programmare trattamenti di condizionamento profondo.
Con quale frequenza devo tagliare i miei capelli corti?
Si faccia tagliare i capelli corti ogni 4-6 settimane circa per mantenere la linea e la forma. I tagli pixie molto corti possono richiedere una spuntatura ogni 2-4 settimane, poiché la crescita è più evidente. Una spuntatura regolare previene le doppie punte e mantiene il taglio in ordine. Per i capelli lisci, si deve tagliare da 1/4 a 1/2 pollice al massimo per mantenere la densità. I capelli ricci possono necessitare di una spuntatura più lunga, ma eviti di assottigliarli.
Quali acconciature e accessori completano i capelli corti?
Fasce, fermagli, sciarpe e cappelli aggiungono femminilità e morbidezza ai tagli corti. Frangette ampie, viticci che incorniciano il viso e ciuffi pixie valorizzano i capelli. Trucchi di styling come il wet look, le parti irregolari e la texture disordinata creano volume. Giochi con le variazioni delle parti, come le parti laterali profonde. Arricciare o raddrizzare cambia l'atmosfera. Aggiorni regolarmente il suo repertorio di stile.
Sommario
I capelli corti la fanno sembrare più giovane o più vecchio? Il taglio corto giusto può togliere anni al suo aspetto quando lusinga i tratti del suo viso, ne completa la forma e celebra la consistenza dei suoi capelli. Ma i tagli drammatici possono invecchiare se mettono in evidenza i difetti, mancano di morbidezza o sovrastano i lineamenti minuti. Conosca i suoi attributi di bellezza unici. Poi collabori con uno stilista esperto per determinare il suo look ideale di capelli corti e mantenerlo correttamente per un'acconciatura vibrante e giovanile che esprima il suo stile personale.
Risorse utilizzate per scrivere questo articolo
Anderson, M. (2021, 18 novembre). I capelli corti la fanno sembrare più giovane? Consigli degli stilisti. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/does-short-hair-make-you-look-younger
Cruz, C. (2022, 26 aprile). I capelli corti la fanno sembrare più giovane o più vecchia? Byrdie. https://www.byrdie.com/short-hair-aging
D'Souza, D. (2022, 12 marzo). I capelli corti la fanno sembrare più giovane? 7 pro e contro. L'Oréal Paris. https://www.lorealparisusa.com/beauty-magazine/hair-care/hair-styling/does-short-hair-make-you-look-younger
Gillett, S. (2022, 23 giugno). I capelli corti la fanno sembrare più giovane? Cosa dicono gli stilisti. Glamour UK. https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/short-hair-ageing
Gold, M. (2021, 6 gennaio). I capelli corti possono farla sembrare più giovane - o invecchiare completamente? Salute delle donne. https://www.womenshealthmag.com/beauty/a34509815/short-hair-age/
Green, J. (2022, 23 maggio). Scopra se i capelli corti la fanno sembrare più giovane. Salute. https://www.health.com/beauty/hair/does-short-hair-make-you-look-younger
Holmes, A. G. D. (2020, 10 settembre). I capelli corti la fanno sembrare più giovane o più vecchia? Ecco cosa dicono gli esperti. InStyle. https://www.instyle.com/hair/short-hair-make-you-look-younger-or-older<|endoftext|>Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
A Patient's Guide to Spondylolysis/Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are not your everyday terms thrown around
by people who suffer from back pain. However, for some people, these words do
have meaning. These two conditions affect about five to six percent of the population,
and can lead to chronic back pain.
The purpose of this information is to help you understand:
- The causes of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
- How a diagnosis is made
- The treatment for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
In order to understand your symptoms and treatment choices, you should start
with some understanding of the general anatomy of your spine. This includes
becoming familiar with the various parts that make up the spine and how they
Please review the document, entitled:
Spondylolysis refers to a defect in one of the vertebra in the lower back,
usually the last vertebra of the lumbar spine. The area of the vertebra called
the pedicle is affected. The pedicle is part of the bony ring that protects
the spinal nerves, and is the portion that connects the vertebral body to the
facet joints. When a spondylolysis is present, the back part of the vertebra
and the facet joints simply are not connected to the body - except by soft tissue.
It is almost as if the back portion had been broken off and tried to heal -
but never did. Actually, there is good evidence to suspect that this is exactly
what has occurred. Spondylolysis is not something people are born with, but
it appears to first show up sometime in childhood. Interestingly, boys who are
football linemen and girls who are gymnasts seem to be affected the most. The
current thought is that the spondylolysis is probably a stress fracture that
never completely healed.
Spondylolisthesis is the term used to describe when one vertebra slips forward
on the one below it. This usually occurs because there is a spondylolysis in
the vertebra on top. There are two main parts of the spine that keep the vertebrae
aligned - the disc and the facet joints. When a spondylolysis occurs, the facet
joint can no longer hold the vertebra back. The intervertebral disc may slowly
stretch under the increased stress and allow the upper vertebra to slide forward.
In the vast majority of cases, the stretching only allows a small amount of
forward slip. Furthermore, there is no real danger in an adult that the slipping
will continue until the upper vertebra slips off.
There is a special type of spondylolisthesis in teenagers where the forward
slipping is extremely severe. This can lead to the upper vertebra slipping completely
off the lower vertebra.
Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are important because they can be a cause
of low back pain. Just because you have one of these conditions does not mean
that you will necessarily ever have problems with your back. However, you are
at a higher risk than the normal population of developing chronic low back pain.
These conditions can cause typical mechanical and/or compressive (or neurogenic)
type back pain symptoms.
If you have not reviewed A Patients Guide
to Back Pain you may want to now.
The mechanical symptoms occur primarily because the spinal segment affected by the
spondylolysis is unstable resulting in segmental
instability. The compressive symptoms can arise because the nerves at the
segment involved are pinched. There is usually a lump of tissue in the area
of the spondylolysis - probably where the fracture tried to heal itself. This
lump of tissue may press on the nerve roots as they leave the spine. The forward
slip of the vertebra also makes the spinal canal smaller, leaving less room
for the nerve roots.
There is usually pain across the small of the back and into the buttocks. If
there are compressive symptoms, there may be pain down the leg to the foot,
numbness in the foot, and possibly weakness in trying to raise the foot.
The diagnosis of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis is dependent on seeing
the abnormality on either: X-rays, a CAT scan, or an MRI scan. In most cases,
it is easily seen on regular X-rays of the low back. The symptoms are no different
from other causes of low back pain. On the other hand, just because you have
a spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis on your X-ray does not mean your symptoms
are from the defect. You may still have a herniated disc or some other condition
that is causing your pain. Your doctor will need to carefully look for any possible
causes of pain.
In order to make a proper diagnosis and rule out other possible conditions,
the first step is to take a history. The provider may ask about the following:
- Date of Onset - When did you first notice the appearance of your spinal
- The Presence or Absence of Pain - Not all cases of spondylolysis produce
pain. However, if there is pain, the doctor will need to know where it is,
what brings on or intensifies the pain, and if there is any radicular pain.
Radicular refers to pain that radiates away from the spine to other parts
of the body. This usually comes from irritation of the nerves as they leave
- Bowel or Bladder Dysfunction - Are you having problems knowing when you
have to urinate or have a bowel movement? This is extremely important because
it could signal the presence of serious nerve damage.
- Motor Function - Has there been a change in how your muscles work? This
may be the result of pressure on the nerves or spinal cord itself.
- Previous - If you have had any surgery on your spine, it may have caused
some type of degenerative spondylolisthesis. In order to evaluate your condition
properly, it is important that your physician knows about any spinal surgery
you have had in the past.
The spine specialist will then perform a physical examination. During the exam,
the provider will try get an understanding of your back problem and how it is
affecting you. Finally, your nerves will be tested by: checking your sensation,
your reflexes, and the strength of your muscles.
Usually, after the examination, X-rays will be ordered that allow the provider
to see the structure of the spine and measure the slippage from teh spondylolisthesis.
During the X-rays, you will be asked to hold certain positions while standing
or lying on a table, and you will need to hold very still while pictures are
taken of your spine.
Depending on the outcome of your history, physical examination, and initial
X-rays, other tests may be ordered to look at specific aspects of the spine.
The most common tests that are ordered are: the MRI scan - to look at the nerves
and spinal cord; the CAT scan - to get a better picture of the vertebral bones;
and special nerve tests - to determine if any nerves are being irritated or
To learn more about these tests, you may wish to review the document, entitled:
Treatment for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis is not much different than
for other causes of mechanical and/or compressive back pain. In most cases,
surgery will not be necessary. Strengthening the back muscles can reduce the
mechanical symptoms resulting from the segmental instability.
A physical therapist will probably be recommended to help you with a series
of exercises designed to help stabilize the spine by strengthening the back
and abdominal muscles.
Medications may be used for short periods to: control pain, ease muscle spasms,
and help regain a normal sleep pattern (if you are having trouble sleeping).
Short periods of bed rest may help with acute painful episodes.
A back brace, or corset, may reduce pain. For more information on the braces
used in the treatment of spondylolisthesis, you may wish to review the document,
Surgery is necessary only if all of the above treatments fail to keep your
pain at a tolerable level. Surgical treatment for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
must address both the mechanical symptoms and the compressive symptoms if they
are present. Usually this means that the nerves exiting the spine must be freed
of all pressure and irritation. Performing a complete laminectomy (removing
the lamina) usually does this. Removing the lamina allows more room for the
nerves. It also enables the surgeon to remove the lump of tissue surrounding
the spondylolysis defect. The result is reduced irritation and inflammation
on the nerves. Once the nerves are freed, a spinal fusion is usually performed
to control the segmental instability.
For more information on the surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis, you may
wish to review the document, entitled:
Copyright © 2003 DePuy Acromed.
« Back to Patient Guides<|endoftext|>If the quantum computing era dawned 3 years ago, its rising sun may have ducked behind a cloud. In 2019, Google researchers claimed they had passed a milestone known as quantum supremacy when their quantum computer Sycamore performed in 200 seconds an abstruse calculation they said would tie up a supercomputer for 10,000 years. Now, scientists in China have done the computation in a few hours with ordinary processors. A supercomputer, they say, could beat Sycamore outright.
“I think they’re right that if they had access to a big enough supercomputer, they could have simulated the … task in a matter of seconds,” says Scott Aaronson, a computer scientist at the University of Texas, Austin. The advance takes a bit of the shine off Google’s claim, says Greg Kuperberg, a mathematician at the University of California, Davis. “Getting to 300 feet from the summit is less exciting than getting to the summit.”
Still, the promise of quantum computing remains undimmed, Kuperberg and others say
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the United States. The permit will probably contain limits on what you can discharge, monitoring and reporting requirements, and other provisions to ensure that the discharge does not hurt water quality.
2. Where do I apply for a NPDES permit?
In most States, the State environmental protection office issues NPDES permits. A few States haven't yet received EPA approval to issue NPDES permits, and in those States you get an permit from an EPA regional office. You may also need to get a State permit from these States.
Here is who you should contact:
The States that do not have permits are:
Alaska (contact EPA Region X)
Arizona (contact Region IX)
Idaho (contact Region X)
Maine (contact Region I)
Massachusetts (contact Region I)
New Hampshire (contact Region I)
New Mexico (contact Region VI)
Texas (contact Region VI)
District of Columbia (contact Region III)
Puerto Rico (contact Region II)
Pacific Territories (contact EPA Region IX)
Federal Indian Reservations (contact the EPA Regional Office where the Tribe is located)
3. Which States have EPA's approval to issue NPDES permits?
4. Is it legal to have wastewater coming out of a pipe into my local receiving water (e.g.lake,stream,river,wetland)?
As long as the wastewater being discharged is covered by and in compliance with an NPDES permit, there are enough controls in place to make sure the discharge is safe and that humans and aquatic life are being protected. To find out if a discharge is covered by an NPDES permit, call the EPA Regional office or the State office responsible for issuing NPDES permits.
5. How do NPDES permits protect water?
An NPDES permit will generally specify an acceptable level of a pollutant or pollutant parameter in a discharge (for example, a certain level of bacteria). The permittee may choose which technologies to use to achieve that level. Some permits, however, do contain certain generic 'best management practices' (such as installing a screen over the pipe to keep debris out of the waterway). Make sure that the States mandatory standards for clean water and the federal minimums are being met.
6. Is there any information available to me on permits in my area?
Yes, there is a national system that provides certain permitting information called the Permits Compliance System (PCS). Click here for more information on PCS.<|endoftext|>عکس های جالب از بازیکنان رئال مادرید و پاری سن ژرمن در قطر و استقبال از آنان مطالب مرتبط عکس های باورنکردنی خفن از لحظه های واقعی نیمار در اولین بازی برای تیم پاری سن ژرمن خوش درخشید عکس لو رفته از شبنم قلی خانی با چهره ی خنده دار نظرات کاربران (0) برای صرفنظر کردن از پاسخگویی اینجا را کلیک کنید. شما باید وارد شوید تا قادر به ارسال دیدگاه باشید.<|endoftext|>Today in Baghdad History
Events 1 - 56 of 56
1055-12-19 - Seldjuken under Toghril Beg occupy Baghdad
1258-02-13 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed.
1401-07-09 - Turko-Mongol ruler Tamerlane (Timur) destroys Baghdad, killing 20,000
1534-12-04 - Turkish sultan Suleiman occupies Baghdad
1863-04-21 - Bahá'u'lláh, founder of the Bahá'í Faith, enters gardens of Rivden, near Baghdad. Makes the declaration of aha'u'llah during 12 days spent there
Turkic Conqueror Tamerlane 1899-12-23 - Tentative Turkish & German treaty on construction of Baghdad railway
1902-03-18 - Turkey grants Germany syndicate the first concession to construct a railroad through Turkish territory to Baghdad, to be linked to Berlin
1903-03-05 - Definitive treaty for construction of Baghdad railway drawn up
1907-08-03 - Kaiser Wilhelm (Germany) meets with Czar Nicholas (Russia) to discuss Germany's plan to build a railroad to Baghdad; the discussion helps move Russia towards Britain and eventually the Triple Alliance
1917-03-11 - World War I: Baghdad falls to Anglo-Indian forces commanded by General Stanley Maude.
1941-05-22 - British troops attack Baghdad
1941-05-30 - British Army enters Baghdad, chasing pro-German coup government
1953-08-16 - Shah of Persia & princess Soraya flee to Baghdad & Rome
1955-02-18 - Baghdad Pact signed, making Turkey & Iraq a defense alliance
1955-02-24 - Pact of Baghdad between Iraq & Turkey signed
1955-09-23 - Pakistan signs Pact of Baghdad
1955-10-11 - Persia signs Pact of Baghdad
1956-01-14 - Jordan government refuses to join Pact of Baghdad
1959-03-24 - Iraq withdraws from the Baghdad Pact
1969-01-27 - 14 spies hanged in Baghdad
1991-02-13 - US air raid on the Amiriyah shelter in Baghdad kills more than 408 civilians
1993-06-26 - The U.S. launches a cruise missile attack targeting Baghdad intelligence headquarters in retaliation for a thwarted assassination attempt against former President George H.W. Bush in April in Kuwait.
1998-02-20 - UN Sec-Gen Kofi Annan lands in Baghdad, for peace negotiations
Iraqi President Saddam Hussein 2003-04-07 - U.S. troops capture Baghdad; Saddam Hussein's regime falls two days later.
2003-04-09 - Baghdad falls to U.S. forces ending the invasion of Iraqi but resulting in widespread looting
2003-04-14 - U.S. troops in Baghdad capture Abu Abbas, leader of the Palestinian group that killed an American on the hijacked cruise liner the Achille Lauro in 1985.
2005-08-31 - A stampede on Al-Aaimmah bridge in Baghdad kills 1,199 people.
2005-10-19 - Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
2006-03-22 - Three Christian Peacemaker Teams Hostages are freed by British forces in Baghdad after 118 days captivity and the death of their colleague, American Tom Fox.
2007-02-03 - A Baghdad market bombing kills at least 135 people and injures a further 339.
43rd US President George W. Bush 2008-12-14 - President George W. Bush made his fourth and final (planned) trip to Iraq as president and almost struck by two shoes thrown at him by Iraqi journalist Muntadhar al-Zaidi during a farewell conference in Baghdad.
2009-08-19 - A series of bombings in Baghdad, Iraq, kills 101 and injures 565 others.
2009-10-25 - The 25 October 2009 Baghdad bombings kills 155 and wounds at least 721.
2009-12-08 - Bombings in Baghdad, Iraq kill 127 and injure 448.
2012-06-04 - Car bomb kills 26 and injures 190 people in central Baghdad, Iraq
2012-06-16 - 32 people are killed by a car bomb in Baghdad
2012-06-22 - Two Baghdad market bombings kill 14 people and injure 106
2012-07-31 - Two car bombs kill 21 people in Baghdad, Iraq
2012-10-28 - 15 people are killed and 33 injured by a series of Baghdad car bombings
2013-01-22 - A series of Baghdad car bombings kill 17 people
2013-02-17 - 37 people are killed and 130 are injured in a series of Baghdad car bombings
2013-02-28 - 28 people are killed and 60 are injured after a series of bombings across Baghdad, Iraq
2013-03-14 - 25 people are killed and 50 are wounded by a series of car bombings in Baghdad, Iraq
2013-04-18 - 27 people are killed and 65 are injured in a cafe bombing in Baghdad, Iraq
2013-06-18 - 31 people are killed and 60 are injured by two suicide bombings in al-Qahira, Baghdad
2013-07-05 - 15 people are killed by a bomb attack on a Shia mosque in Baghdad, Iraq
2013-08-06 - 25 people are killed and 60 are wounded by a series of car bombs in Baghdad, Iraq
2013-08-23 - 26 people are killed and 55 are injured by a suicide bombing in Baghdad, Iraq
2013-09-13 - 30 people are killed by a mosque bombing attack in Baghdad, Iraq
2013-09-15 - 21 people are killed in a series of bombings in Baghdad and Shia provinces, Iraq
2013-09-27 - 7 people are killed in mosque bombings in Baghdad, Iraq
2013-09-30 - 54 people are killed by a series of car bombs in Baghdad, Iraq
2013-10-20 - 37 people are killed in a suicide bombing in Baghdad, Iraq
2013-11-06 - 15 people are killed after a suicide bombing in Baghdad, Iraq
2013-11-25 - 17 people are killed and 37 are wounded in a cafe bombing in Baghdad, Iraq
2014-01-30 - 24 hostages are killed after 6 suicide bombers temporarily take over the Iraqi Ministry of Transportation in Baghdad
Birthdays 1 - 7 of 7
1612-07-27 - Murad IV, sultan of Turkey (1623-40)/conquered Baghdad
1887-12-23 - Eric Blore, London England, actor (Great Gatsby, Bowery to Baghdad)
1888-12-23 - Eric Blore, English/US actor (Great Gatsby, Bowery to Baghdad)
1895-10-27 - John Boles, Greenville TX, singer/actor (Babes in Baghdad)
1936-12-07 - Martha Layne Collins, Baghdad Ky, (Gov-D-Ky)
1945-01-16 - Kabir Bedi, actor (Thief of Baghdad, Terminal Entry)
1948-09-17 - Patricia Kluge, Baghdad Iraq, wife of Billionaire John Kluge
Deaths 1 - 9 of 9
0833-10-10 - al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad (b. 786)
1063-09-04 - Toghrül, Turkish conqueror of Persia and Baghdad
1258-02-20 - Al-Musta'sim, last Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad
1520-09-22 - Selim I, captured Baghdad/Sultan of Turkey (1512-20), dies at 53
1640-02-09 - Murad IV, sultan of Turkey (1623-40), dies in Baghdad at 27
1958-07-14 - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939-58), assassinated at Baghdad
1961-02-02 - Anna May Wong, actress (Thief of Baghdad), dies at about 56
1963-02-08 - Abdul Karim Kassem, PM of Iraq (58-63), assassinated in Baghdad at 48
Iraqi President Saddam Hussein (2006-12-30) 2006-12-30 - Deposed Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein is hanged in Baghdad at 69<|endoftext|>沈俊
地球深部演化过程对表层系统的影响是当今地球系统科学研究的难点和热点。火山活动是地球深部对地表系统输送物质和能量的重要方式，是联系地球深部和表层系统的重要桥梁。火山活动对地球表层系统的影响过程非常复杂，地表不同圈层对其响应的过程和机制差异很大。陆地系统由于缺乏海水的缓冲体量，受火山活动的影响会更灵敏，更直接，更显著。火山活动引起的一系列环境异常变化（比如臭氧层破坏、高温、酸化等）首先影响的是陆地系统（图1）。因此，陆地系统是探究火山作用对地表圈层影响最直接的载体。同时，陆地系统的破坏还会进一步引起或加重海洋系统的波动。比如，由火山作用引起的高温、酸化等会引起陆地风化作用增强，会增大陆源物质的输入量，进而影响海洋表层生产者的演变。所以，陆地系统又是衔接火山作用对海洋系统影响的重要环节（图1）。然而，由于沉积环境和保存的原因，陆相地层中火山活动的识别比海相地层更困难，严重制约着火山活动对陆地生态系统影响的高精度对比研究。
图1 火山作用引起的大气圈、陆地圈、海洋圈和生物圈系列连锁反应
距今约两亿年前的三叠纪与侏罗纪之交是地球演化过程中重大地质突变期之一。该时期，大规模的火山活动（中大西洋火成岩省，Central Atlantic Magmatic Province，简称CAMP，图2）引起强烈的气候环境波动，导致大规模的海洋和陆地生物灭绝，致使地球系统从内到外的系列变化，是研究地球深部演化对地表系统影响的关键时期。CAMP喷发主幕历时近60万年的时间（Blackburn et al., 2013），形成了横跨北美、南美、非洲和邻近联合大陆（简称为盘古大陆）地区的大规模岩浆沉积（图2）。火山活动向大气中排放了大量的CO2和甲烷气体，造成了全球范围内的大气CO2浓度升高和碳同位素快速波动（Ruhl et al., 2020; Lindström et al., 2021）。不断增加的大气CO2等温室气体，造成了全球变暖、海洋缺氧和海水酸化等，并造成侏罗纪早期大陆化学风化作用增强（Lindström et al., 2021）。但是，有关火山作用、碳同位素负偏和大陆化学风化作用之间内在的联系，在很大程度上是理论推断的，迄今尚缺乏三者协同演变的有力证据。其主要的难点在于火山沉积记录的不完整性：火山活动形成的碱性熔岩和火山黏土岩往往只在喷发区附近分布，而在远离火山喷发区缺乏火山活动的直接记录。最好的解决方法就是在碳同位素和化学风化记录完整的沉积物中找到火山活动的合适替代指标。
近年来，汞元素被广泛用来指示地质历史时期沉积物中古火山记录（详情见《沉积之声》前期推文：汞元素示踪二叠纪与三叠纪之交沉积物中火山活动，2020-04-01）。由于汞的特殊性质，使其可以通过大气环流在短时间内进行全球范围分布（0.5至2年）。同时，其在海洋中的居留时间很短（101-102年），可以很快从海水中移除并沉淀到沉积物中。相对于其它古火山替代指标，汞元素可以在大气中进行长距离传输，然后沉积下来，有利于在大范围的地层中保存，进而记录火山活动。再者，汞同位素，特别是奇数非质量分馏，在陆地系统、海洋系统和火山来源具有显著的同位素组成，可以很好地示踪汞元素的来源。所以，汞元素浓度和同位素异常记录已被广泛用来示踪地质历史时期沉积物中的火山记录（Grasby et al., 2019; Shen et al., 2020）。近年来，对三叠纪与侏罗纪之交沉积物的火山记录已经开展了大量的汞记录研究（Thibodeau et al., 2016; Percival et al., 2017），但相关研究主要集中在靠近CAMP喷发区域的盘古大陆中心地区，对远离喷发中心的特提斯东缘地区研究缺乏（图2）。同时，该时期汞记录研究主要集中在海相地层，对陆相沉积物中的汞元素记录关注度不够（图2），制约着探究该时期火山活动对全球范围内不同圈层影响的精细研究。
图2 研究剖面（黄色五角星）的古地理位置图，圆圈和正方形分别表示已经报道的海相和陆相汞记录剖面
为了探究CAMP对全球陆地系统的影响，近期的一项工作选取远离CAMP喷发区的中国地区（特提斯洋东缘）开展了系统的研究（Shen et al., 2022）。论文选取新疆准葛尔盆地郝家沟和华南四川盆地七里峡两个剖面为研究对象、借助汞含量及其同位素、碳同位素、化学风化指标（CIA）和黏土矿物组成等指标，探究了三叠纪与侏罗纪之交陆地沉积物中火山活动的记录及陆地风化对其的响应，同时，利用气候模型（Long-term Ocean-atmosphere-Sediment Carbon cycle Reservoir Model，简称LOSCAR）模拟了地球表层系统对该时期碳循环波动的响应，并将之与沉积记录进行了对比。选择研究对象基于以下三点考虑：1）剖面位于特提斯域，远离CAMP的喷发区域, 可以探究该时期CAMP对全球范围的影响（图2）；2）得益于国内科学家数十年的研究，我国三叠系与侏罗系之交陆相地层具有非常好的古生物学、沉积学和地层学等研究基础（Wang et al., 2010; Sha et al., 2015）。研究剖面沉积地层相对连续、保存好且研究程度高（图3），尤其是天文轨道旋回的识别使得剖面具有较好的年代地层框架，对火山事件、气候环境和生物灭绝的发生、持续时间等提供较好的
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temporary storage can then be designed and tested in the model to ensure it will stand up, even in the worst case scenario.”
David Cole is the inventor of some of the industry’s most commonly-used pollution containment valves and has acted as advisor on key industry guidance. Waste and recycling operators interested in Hydro International’s Hydro-Isolator® valves or the Water Pollution hydraulic modelling and consultancy service can book a free on-site assessment. Call David Cole on 01275 878371 or email email@example.com.<|endoftext|>ارتش اندونزی می گويد در مورد يافتن عاملان قتل دو آمريکائی و يک اندونزيائی در ايالت پاپوا (ايريان جايای سابق) بايد شکيبا بود، جاکارتا تاکيد دارد که در کشتار ياد شده در روز شنبه گذشته، ارتش اين کشور دست نداشته است. مقامهای نظامی اندونزی می گويند در منطقه جنگلهای انبوه پاپوا رديابی عاملان قتل دشوار است پليس می گويد حمله به اتومبيل حامل معدنچيان، کار جدائی خواهان جنبش پاپوای آزاد بوده است. فعالان حقوق بشر در اندونزی می گويند هنگام حمله، سربازان در منطقه ديده شد ه اند.<|endoftext|>اولین جلسه هم اندیشی در خصوص بررسی راهکارهای ارتقای جایگاه بخش خصوصی در اقتصاد ایران با حضور فعالان اقتصاد، اعضای انجمن اقتصاددانان منطقه شمال غرب کشور، کارشناسان و دانشجویان این حوزه امروز در محل اتاق بازرگانی، صنایع، معادن و کشاورزی تبریز برگزار گردید و در آن، شرکت کنندگان در قالب دو پنل تخصصی به بحث و تبادل نظر پیرامون مشکلات و موانع موضوعات اقتصادی پرداختند.
دولت، دست های بخش خصوصی را بسته است
به گزارش تبریزمن، رییس انجمن اقتصاددانان ایران بیکاری موجود در کشورمان را مورد توجه قرار داد و گفت： متاسفانه تعداد زیادی از نسل جوان و پویای ایران بیکار هستند که به هیچوجه خوشایند نیست، میزان تورم هم حدود ۱۳ درصد است و رکودی که به وجود آمده ظاهرا قصد ندارد بهبود یابد، زیرا در هر برهه زمانی با مشکلات اقتصادی عدیده ای روبرو بوده ایم.
حمید دیهیم ادامه داد ：بدعت بدی در سال های پس از انقلاب اسلامی به وجود آمد که ناشی از انتظارات مردم از در سیطره قرار داشتن تمام امور کشور داشت تا دولت صاحب همه زیرساخت های کشور باشد در حالی که در هر نقطه از جهان که دولت ها گسترش یافته اند فساد نیز افزایش یافته است، در این میان شبه دولتی ها نیز با قدرت هر چه تمام فعالیت کرده و از پول مردم استفاده می کنند و اتفاقا سود خوبی هم می کنند.
وی افزود：متاسفانه در کشور ما، دست های قدرتمند دولت فعالیت و عرض اندام توسط دست های نحیف بخش خصوصی را محدود کرده است و تا زمانی که دولت و شبه دولتی ها وجود تاثیرگذاری بر اقتصاد دارند وضعیت عمومی کشور به همین منوال پیش خواهد رفت، بنابراین پول نفت باید سرمایه گذاری گردد تا ظرفیت تولید واحدهای صنعتی به صورت واقعی افزایش یابد.
شفاف سازی قوانین، به نفع اقتصاد کشور است
اسماعیل چمنی رییس اتحادیه فرش دستبافت ایران و تبریز هم شفاف سازی قوانین مربوط به حوزه اقتصاد را به نفع کشور دانست و گفت：در واقع وجود قوانین شفاف به ما کمک خواهد کرد تا رشد اقتصادی را افزایش دهیم، از سوی دیگر زیرساخت های فعلی ما برای اعطای وام های خودرو و مسکن به هیچوجه مناسب نیست زیرا فرصتی برای این امر وجود ندارد، به نظر شما چه مقدار از قطعات این خودروها متعلق به کشورمان است؟ و یا اینکه آیا معابر ما ظرفیت افزایش این حجم از اتومبیل ها را دارد؟
وی افزود：بخش خصوصی ما هر چه قدر قدرت چانه زنی با دولت را داشته باشد به همان مقدار موفقیت نصیب اقتصاد خواهد شد، افزون بر آن باید شرایطی مهیا شود که نمایندگان مردم در مجلس حتما از اقتصاددانان خبره انتخاب گردد.
بخش خصوصی، نماینده قشر متوسط کشور است
رییس انجمن اقتصاددانان شعبه شمال غرب کشور نیز در این جلسه تخصصی، به شکوفایی بخش خصوصی و توجه دولت ها به این حوزه در کشورهای توسعه یافته اشاره کرد و گفت：اما متاسفانه در کشور ما وضعیت به این گونه نیست، در بخش خصوصی ما تقاضای آنچنانی وجود ندارد که آن هم دلایل تاریخی متعددی دارد.
محمدباقر بهشتی با طرح این سوال که چرا نظام اقتصاد آزاد در ایران رونق نیافته است افزود： باید در این زمینه مباحث بسیاری برگزار گردد اما آنچه که پیدایش تمدن معاصر غرب را میسر ساخت شیوه تولید سرمایه داری بود و آنچه که عقب ماندگی کشورمان در دوره اخیر را رقم زد تداوم رشد غیرتولید و غیرصنعتی بود.
وی اضافه کرد：بخش خصوصی کشورمان اشکالات اساسی بسیاری دارد که اگر قصد بهبود و توسعه اقتصاد ایران را داریم باید این بخش مهم از جایگاه ویژه ای برخوردار باشد زیرا این حوزه نماینده قشر متوسط کشور است و ارتقای همه جانبه آن ضروری می باشد.
رشد درآمد اقتصادی، راه نجات کشورمان است
یکی از اعضای هیات نمایندگان اتاق بازرگانی هم با تاکید بر اینکه امروزه روابط پذیری کشورها با وجود برندهای جهانی میسر می شود افزود：اگر یک مفهوم مشترک از کلمه توسعه به دست آوریم باید در بین مردم، دولت و مجلس متجلی گردد زیرا نباید با اهرم فروش نفت، اقتصاد کشور به سمت و سوی مشخصی هدایت شود.
شریف زاده ادامه داد：دولت باید بپذیرد که بنگاه های اقتصادی، چاه های نفت هستند و لذا فضای کسب و کار و همان میدان بازی در اختیار فعالان بخش خصوصی قرار گیرد، اگر دقت کنید درآمد سرانه کشور ما ۴ هزار و ۵۰۰ دلار و رشد اقتصادی مان حدود ۱/۶ درصد است در حالی که در همین مدت این ارقام در عربستان به ترتیب ۷ هزار و ۵۰۰ و حدود ۳/۵ درصد می باشد، لذا اگر می خواهیم کشورمان روز به روز فقیرتر نشود راه حل آن فقط رشد درآمد اقتصادی و فضا دادن به بخش خصوصی است.
در خاتمه اضافه می کنم در اولین هم اندیشی بررسی راهکارهای ارتقای جایگاه بخش خصوصی در اقتصاد ایران که امروز در اتاق بازرگانی تبریز برگزار گردید مدیرعامل مجموعه تراکتورسازی، رییس دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه تبریز، فعالان اقتصادی بخش خصوصی آذربایجان شرقی و تعدادی از اعضای هیات نمایندگان اتاق بازرگانی تبریز حضور داشتند و در خصوص مسایل اقتصادی و موانع پیش روی بخش خصوصی منطقه به بحث و تبادل نظر پرداختند.<|endoftext|>来自世界各国的首批玩家将有机会组建国际战队，参加按照“足球-友谊”项目规则进行的比赛。玩家可与全世界的玩家进行实时比赛，组建球队，管理他们的职业生涯，成为粉丝，在站台上为朋友的战队加油鼓气。项目以“团结朋友，团结世界！”为口号，推广Football for Friendship World游戏。
游戏正式发布前两周内，将在Football for Friendship World平台上开展“足球-友谊”全球线上锦标赛，来自世界100多个国家的年龄为10-14岁的年轻运动员将组建32支球队，进行55场比赛。届时，将直播锦标赛决赛。项目全球大使为世界传奇足球运动员罗伯特 卡洛斯。为参与“足球-友谊”首次全球线上锦标赛，请发送申请至http://participants.footballforfriendship.com/。锦标赛冠军将获得2021年在伊斯坦布尔举行的欧洲冠军联赛决赛的门票。
由PJSC俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司（Gazprom）实施的“足球-友谊”项目的全球运营商为AGT通讯集团，Football for Friendship World游戏的开发者为国际团队DataArt。首批用户将可免费登录游戏。
项目信息
自2013年以来，俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司（Gazprom）实施了国际儿童社会项目“友谊足球”。过去的7个赛季里，该项目吸引了六千多名参与者，并获得了五百多万名粉丝。
“友谊足球”得到了欧足联，国际足联，足球联合会和世界顶级足球俱乐部，以及国际慈善基金会，著名运动员，政治家和艺术活动家们的支持。该项目在社会责任、体育和传播领域获得了多项国际级和国家级大奖，包括史上跨国家最多的足球训练的世界纪录。
2020年“友谊足球”将以线上方式进行。专业的数字平台上汇聚了成千上万名各个年龄段的球员，并将成为国际儿童比赛基地，同时，任何人都可以在游戏平台上参与训练，组建国际球队，足不出户就能参与到“友谊足球”赛的游戏中来。<|endoftext|>认为纪实摄影是以记录生活现实为主要诉求的摄影方式，素材来源于生活和真实，反映人民生活，因此纪实摄影有记录和保存历史的价值，具有作为社会见证者独一无二的资格。
百姓生活
人类的社会不光有领袖伟人，同时还有凡人百姓；不止有刀光剑影风云变幻，同时也有柴米油盐平平淡淡。这一类摄影作品将目光投向最广泛的人类生活。
无论是城市还是乡村，不管是主流大众还是边缘个体，流行前卫也好，民俗风情也罢，善良的、罪恶的，高尚的、堕落的，欢乐的、痛苦的都被凝结成一个个精彩的瞬间，被观看，被感叹，被学习。
社会风景
人类社会是整个自然环境的一部分，人的生存活动必然有其背景环境，包括自然的环境和人工的建筑等等。这一类不同于单纯的自然风光，与人的活动息息相关的风景也是纪实摄影的一个重要组成部分。
摄影家对其进行的记录不仅仅是像风光摄影一样展现大自然的奇巧瑰丽，而是具有一种象征性或是揭示的过程，多侧面的表现人生。
扩展资料：
核心
到目前为止，对于纪实摄影的确切概念范畴，虽然每家之言各有不同，但在主要的核心问题上基本还是达成了共识，那就是：
1、当其诞生之时，西方人将其命名为Document Photography。根据Document最基本的含义，它应当是指起到一种证明、证据和文献作用的摄影类型。
2、在中国最后定名为纪实摄影，同样表达了文献和历史纪年的含义，也强调了真实性的价值范畴。
3、根据两者命名的定位，纪实摄影应当是对人类社会进行的真实的记录，它的题材内容是具有一定的社会意义和历史文献价值的。<|endoftext|>|James Augustus Black|
|Member of the United States House of Representatives|
March 4, 1843 – April 3, 1848
|Preceded by||Isaac E. Holmes|
|Succeeded by||Daniel Wallace|
|Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Abbeville District|
November 26, 1832 – December 19, 1835
November 27, 1826 – January 30, 1828
Ninety-Six District, South Carolina
|Died||April 3, 1848 (aged 54–55)|
|Resting place||Columbia, South Carolina|
|Allegiance||United States of America|
|Service/branch||United States Army|
|Years of service||1812–1815|
|Battles/wars||War of 1812|
James Augustus Black (1793 – April 3, 1848) was a manufacturer, cotton broker, and U.S. Representative from South Carolina.
Early life and military service[edit | edit source]
Black was born on his father's plantation in the Ninety-Six District, near Abbeville, South Carolina. He attended the common schools on his father's plantation.
Black served in the army during the War of 1812. He was appointed a second lieutenant in the Eighth Infantry on March 12, 1812. He was promoted to first lieutenant on December 2, 1813. After the war, Black was honorably discharged (June 15, 1815).
Early career and a taste for politics[edit | edit source]
Soon after returning to civilian life, Black co-founded the Kings Mountain Iron Works, which was involved in the mining of iron ore in areas near present-day Cherokee Falls, South Carolina.
Black eventually moved to Georgia, settling in Savannah, where he engaged in the buying and selling of cotton. Black served as tax collector of Chatham County, Georgia for a time, before he returned to South Carolina.
Political career[edit | edit source]
This time, Black settled in Columbia, where he worked for a time as a cashier of the State Bank branch. He ran for, and twice won, a seat in the South Carolina House of Representatives, serving from 1826–1828; and again, 1832–1835.
Beginning in 1843, Black, a Democrat, was elected to three consecutive terms (the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirtieth) United States Congresses. Black was chairman of the Committee on the Militia during the Mexican–American War.
Death[edit | edit source]
Black served in Congress from March 4, 1843, until his death April 3, 1848 in Washington, D.C. while still in office. He is interred in the graveyard of the First Presbyterian Church, Columbia, South Carolina. A cenotaph in his honor was erected at the Congressional Cemetery.
Sources[edit | edit source]
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http://bioguide.congress.gov.
- James A. Black at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
[edit | edit source]
- James Augustus Black entry at The Political Graveyard
- James A. Black at Find a Grave and cenotaph at the Congressional Cemetery
|United States House of Representatives|
Isaac E. Holmes
|Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 1st congressional district
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|<|endoftext|>Stoves have now become the stylish and energy-efficient alternative to the open fire for many Irish people. As well as lowering fuel bills, stoves looks great. There’s no denying the cosy and comforting feeling that a stove will bring to any home.
Energy efficiency is the main advantage of stoves. Only about 25 per cent of the heat generated by an open fire actually ends up in the room – the rest of it escapes up the chimney. In contrast, stoves are about 80 per cent efficient, and if burning wood, are better for the environment. Stoves also help to eliminate draughts as they seal in the chimney flue, thus eliminating ‘up draught’ which draws draughts into your home.
Wood-burning stoves are only capable of burning wood and wood derived fuel, like wood pellets. They generally consist of a cast iron or steel closed fire chamber, a brick base and an adjustable air control. They do not have a fixed grate because wood and wood pellets burn very effectively on a bed of their own ashes. This results in greater efficiency and heat output. Also, as these stoves only burn wood and biomass fuels which are renewable, they are eco-friendly. Wood burning is regarded as a carbon neutral form of energy because during its growth, a tree will absorb roughly the same amount of carbon dioxide as it emits when it is burned. Wood ash is also good for planting and gardening. Therefore, as a provider of ‘green’ heat, a wood-burning stove is required in order to reach passive house standards. A disadvantage of wood-burning stoves, however, is that you will need somewhere to store the wood, as dry wood is delivered in large quantities. This could be a problem in suburban areas where garden sizes are small.
Multi-fuel stoves are also typically made of cast iron or steel. They include a grate with an ash pan beneath to collect the ashes, which maintains effective combustion. As a result, it is possible to burn a variety of materials instead of just wood. However, because they are capable of burning coal, briquettes and other non-renewable fossil fuels, they are not certified under new green building regulations. Many people choose to only burn wood in their multi-fuel stove which is also a viable and eco-friendly option.
Some multi-fuel models are also boiler stoves (wet stoves), with an attached water tank to provide hot water. They can be connected to the heating system to add heat to a house. A boiler stove will use up a lot more fuel than a dry stove and is dependent upon someone being there all day to feed it. Dry stoves are easier to put in as they don’t have to be connected to the heating system. At RENOVA we do not generally recommend the installation of boiler stoves.
Air Supply is important for the safe and efficient operation of stoves. Fresh air needs to enter to provide oxygen fuel for the fire. To regulate air flow, there are damper devices built into the stove. The dampers can usually be accessed by turning a knob or a handle attached to the damper, found outside the stove. Except when helping the chimney/flue to heat up initially, it is not recommended to leave the air control fully open. If fully open, more heat is sent straight up the chimney instead of into the room (which reduces efficiency). The biggest problem with leaving it fully open is “overfiring”. This is when too much heat is generated within the fire chamber, which can lead to warping, buckling and can damage the stove and its internal components.
Regarding fuel, the best woods to burn in a stove are oak, ash and beech. They should be well-seasoned (dry) and cut small enough to fit into the stove. Freshly cut wood (known as green wood) has a high moisture content which will result in a lower heat output. It will also cause creosote which in turn causes soot and therefore reduced airflow within the chimney. This can be dangerous as chimney soot can be ignited by rising embers, causing a chimney fire. For best results, firewood should have a moisture content of less than 20%. Even when well-ventilated and covered, seasoning by air-drying can take up to two years. Some companies are now using large kilns to quickly dry their wood.
Both hardwood and softwood have the same energy content and produce similar energy. The main difference is the rate at which the fuel burns. Hardwoods come from slow-growing trees like oak and ash and burn
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ir bozucu olabilir. Bu basit hatayı nasıl düzelteceğinizi öğrenmek istiyorsanız, sonuna kadar bu kılavuzu kontrol ettiğinizden emin olun.
Cyberpunk 2077’nin PC’de Has Flatlined Issue Sorunu Nasıl Onarılır
- Bilgisayarı Yeniden Başlatın : Masaüstünden çıkıp bilgisayarınızı yeniden başlattığınızdan ve normal şekilde açılmasına izin verdiğinizden emin olun.
- Grafik Kartı Sürücülerini Güncelleyin : İster Nvidia ister AMD grafik kartı kullanıyor olun, Cyberpunk 2077, VRAM belleğinin büyük bir bölümünü kaplayacak. Bu nedenle, oyunun sorunsuz çalışması için kartları en son yamalarına yükselttiğinizden emin olun.
- Gereksiz Programları Devre Dışı Bırak : Görev Yöneticisine girdiğinizden ve arka planda çalışan tüm gereksiz programları kapattığınızdan emin olun. Bu, oyunun verimli çalışması için daha fazla bellek ve CPU kullanımını serbest bırakacaktır.
Yukarıdaki tüm işlemleri tamamladıktan sonra oyunu çalıştırın ve bu sefer sorunsuz çalışmalıdır. Bu sorunun nedeni henüz belirlenmemiş olsa da, GFX sürücülerinin uyumlu olmamasından kaynaklanabileceğini düşünüyoruz. Bu, Cyberpunk 2077 Has Flatlined sorununu çözmeli ve bir daha geri getirmeyecektir.
Yukarıdaki adımları kullanmak, insanların bu sorunu hemen çözmelerine yardımcı oldu ve Cyberpunk 2077’yi çalıştırmak için gereken gereksinimleri karşıladığınız sürece, bundan sonra herhangi bir sorunla karşılaşmamalısınız.<|endoftext|>Kardashev, 3 seviyeli ve kategorik bir sınıflandırma yaptığı için, Tip 1, Tip 2 ve Tip 3 haricinde medeniyet seviyelerini düşünmedi. Ancak meşhur astronom Carl Sagan, Kardashev Ölçeği'ni matematiksel bir formüle dönüştürdü ve süreğen hale getirdi:
K = (log(P)-6)/10
Bu formülde P yerine üretilebilen güç miktarını watt cinsinden yazarak hesap yapabilir ve K harfini hesaplayabilirsiniz. K değeri, size Kardashev Ölçeği'ndeki yerinizi verir. Örneğin K yerine 1 yazarak Tip-1 bir medeniyetin güç tüketimini hesaplayacak olursanız, Kardashev'in de öngördüğü gibi en az 10 katrilyon Watt üretmeniz ve tüketmeniz gerekecektir.
Bir başka örneği ele alalım: 1970'lerde insanlık 10 terawatt ya da 10 trilyon watt kadar güç tüketmekteydi. Bu, bizi, skalada Tip 0.7 yapmaktaydı. Günümüzdeki 17.7 Terawatt üzerinden hesaplayacak olursak, medeniyetimiz şu anda 0.725 seviyesine yükselmiştir.<|endoftext|>What is cyberbullying and why is it so harmful?
By allowing us to share our stories and communicate with friends, family, and strangers all across the world, the internet has changed forever. It would be impossible for many of us to regress to a pre-wired-in age. Yet, the shift towards a social media-centered existence hasn’t been without its downsides, and the increasing prevalence of cyberbullying is one of the most alarming.
Cyberbullying is bullying — period — and we must work together to minimize its negative impact on our society.
Defined by Dictionary.com as, “the act of harassing someone online by sending or posting mean messages, usually anonymously”, cyberbullying comes in many forms. It affects adolescents the hardest, but also all age groups.
The effects of cyberbullying can be dire, leading to ostracization and mental trauma. In this guide, we’ll discuss the various forms of cyberbullying, how to identify and prevent it, and the laws and school policies against it.
Types of cyberbullying
The persistent bombardment of negative, hurtful, or threatening messages through text messages, or on a social media platform. Harassment attempts to wear down a victim with repeated threats and insults.
Occasionally this form of cyberbullying manifests itself in a group setting with one member of a chat group becoming the target of hurtful messages, or through the victim’s private messages being shared in a group setting.
Example of harassment cyberbullying (source: wikimedia commons)
An especially traumatic form of cyberbullying that often occurs after a break-up, or rejection of unwanted advances. It typically involves an assault of texts or direct messages through social media with pleas to get together, sexually explicit messages or taunts, or even threats of physical violence.
Sending repeat automated emails is one form of cyberstalking (source: wikimedia commons)
A different form of bullying that includes cutting someone out of a group, photo album, or social event. Exclusion intends to make the victim feel bad by leaving him or her out of a social circle that they were once part of.
Exclusion is usually coupled with harassment, or another form of cyberbullying. “In-group” members may also ridicule or make fun of the victim amongst themselves as added insult to the ostracized party.
Posting malicious and provocative comments in a message board or social media with the intent of inciting an extreme reaction from the victim, often in the form of taunts or insults regarding the victim’s personal opinion or beliefs. Trolling is often done anonymously, and the perpetrator may not have any relationship with the victim or even know them at all.
Impersonation aka “imping”
Posing as another person and sending messages to a friend in order to damage the relationship between them, or making public posts with embarrassing or unflattering statements. Impersonation can be particularly devastating if the cyberbully obtains the username and password of the victim’s Facebook, or Instagram account. The damage make take a long time to mend if hundreds of classmates catch sight of the material online.
The posting of mean-spirited gossip and rumors with the intent of harming the victim’s reputation or relationships. Whether the rumors or statements spread are true or not often does not matter, and they can achieve the same effect. Once a group is exposed to a particularly sordid or shocking rumor, it can have a snowball effect wherein the victim is unable to shed the stigma attached to it.
Sharing personal messages with revealing information, or photos in a public forum or within a larger social group. Outing is frequently practiced in the aftermath of a nasty breakup and may include the public posting of revealing photos intended only for the eyes of a former romantic partner.
Outing can be particularly devastating for an adolescent as it may involve the public reveal of their sexual orientation before they are ready to go public with the information. Cases of outing have resulted in suicides by the victims.
Cyberbullying on social media
Despite recently being overtaken by Instagram as the most frequently used network for cyberbullying, Facebook nonetheless remains a hot zone for certain types of harmful online interaction.
As with other social media networks, it is easier for kids to say cruel things about people on Facebook that they’d never say in person. Cyberbullying on Facebook often happens in a “pile-on” situation, where one user will leave a negative comment about another user’s post, which encourages others to follow suit. The gang mentality towards online bullying can have a stronger impact on a child than direct 1-on-1 text harassment, leading to feelings of despair and hopelessness.
Another alarming aspect of cyberbullying on Facebook is that the 13-year old-age limit for Facebook is rarely enforced, meaning vulnerable tweens and young children often create profiles and use the network, exposing themselves to the threat of cyberbullying and other online dangers.
15-year-old Tom Mullaney took his own life after an altercation with a younger boy at school extended to heated textual sparring on Facebook.
In some cases, cyberbullying on Facebook has lead to adolescents taking their own life. This is what happened with Birmingham teenager, Thomas Mullaney. The 15-year old, described by his family as a friendly boy who enjoyed sports, got into an argument with another boy a grade below him at school. The fight got physical, and both boys were suspended from school while the administration conducted an investigation. That evening, the argument between Thomas, the other boy and his friends shifted to Facebook. The dispute began with direct messages, but shifted over to Thomas’s main wall. The younger boy and his friends teamed up, posting a barrage of insults and physical threats towards Thomas. At some point, the taunts grew too much for Thomas to bear. He went back into the family shed and hung himself by a telephone cord. This alarming incident illustrates the profoundly damaging effect that the “pile on” strategy of cyberbullying common on Facebook can have on an emotionally wounded teenager.
As more and more teens have made Instagram their social network of choice, it has become the most common platform for youths to experience cyberbullying. The image-oriented nature of Instagram makes the network rife with opportunity for bullies to make cruel and hateful comments about the appearance of others.
In addition to posting cruel comments, bullies will also post unflattering or doctored pictures of others on their own account, inviting their followers to mock the victim. These posts can often snowball, getting spread around to an audience much wider than originally intended.
The Instagram user @stlukeidiots repeatedly targeted young girls from sixth graders from a Catholic middle school in New York. The victims suffered severe emotional distress and even thoughts of suicide. Law enforcement were called in to investigate the incidents but could not identify the culprit.
In an alarming example of the potential dangers vulnerable pre-teens face on Instagram, an anonymous user, @StLukeIdiots, went on a cyberbullying spree one weekend in May 2014. The user assaulted the Instagram accounts of 11 middle school girls enrolled at St. Luke School in Queens,NY posting mean spirited and hurtful comments under their pictures. @StLukeIdiots drew more than 130 follows before the account was deactivated. The victims were devastated, with some professing the desire to die. Police investigated the situation but the culprit was never identified. This incident strongly illustrates that preteens do not belong on Instagram, where they are vulnerable to the attacks of predators and trolls.
Because snapchat messages, or “snaps”, are automatically deleted soon after being viewed (although there is also the option to create “stories” which exist for up to 24 hours after creation), senders are often not as careful with the content of their messages as they would be with other platforms.
However, despite the fact that snaps quickly “self-destruct”, recipients of the messages are able to take screenshots of the messages and save them to their phone. This can lead to the dispersal of private, intimate content that the sender did not intend to be distributed, leading to embarrassing and upsetting situations.
Snaps are also a means of sending hurtful messages directly to another child, with the knowledge that it will most likely be deleted, leaving no evidence of abuse. Exclusion, where one friend is left out of a “Story” or a certain member of a social group is not sent a snap that others received, is also common on Snapchat.
In a horrifying incident caught on Snapchat, a teen in Ridgewood, NJ was brutally beaten by an assailant after coming to the defense of a girl–herself a cyberbullying victim–, fractured his skull in the incident. The bully then posted a photo of the bloodied boy lying on the ground to his Snapchat account. The victim’s aunt claims that the girl he defended was actively being harassed by a large group of students online after her pictures were shared around on social media networks. In the aftermath of the attack, the boy was then ridiculed on social media for coming to her defense. This incident demonstrates the role cyberbullying can play in tandem with face-to-face bullying and how it can exacerbate and magnify a terrible situation.
YouTube is another site where cyberbullying occurs in a alarming frequency. Due to the fact that YouTube users are often anonymous, they can post cruel, hateful comments on the videos of others without fear of reprisal. The “pile-on” situation that occurs on Facebook also happens on YouTube, with the difference being that users do not have to be friends with the poster to comment on the video, opening the door for for trolls and cyberbullies everywhere to engage in the taunting.
For years, Twitter has held reputation as a haven for trolling and cyberbullying, with many high profile cases making the news, such as when the daughter of beloved comedian Robin Williams was driven off the site following a torrent of abuse and mean-spirited taunts in the wake of her father’s death by suicide.
Cyberbullies on Twitter hide behind anonymous accounts, as on Youtube, freeing them from practicing the restraint they otherwise would if their identity were public. Attacking others for their lifestyles, ethnicities and political beliefs is commonplace. Cyberbullying on Twitter is not just a problem between students and their peers, but a global issue.
Attacks on a person’s political views on Twitter
Texting and other forms
Cyberbullying can also happen through text and personal messages. Though the damaging comments may not be posted for others to see, the harassment can be equally damaging for teens.
Tips for parents on cyberbullying management and prevention
How to tell if your child or loved one is a cyberbullying victim
There’s a chance your child, friend or loved one is the victim of cyberbullying but too embarrassed to admit it. Here are some signs:
Comforting your child after an incident of cyberbullying
If the damage done by cyberbullying is severe, and the victim feels ostracized from their peers or afraid to go to school, he or she may benefit from professional counseling. Professional counselors, at school and otherwise, are trained to deal with cyberbullying and use specific techniques to manage the situation and help victims overcome their pain and self-esteem issues.
Tips on preventing cyberbullying from happening to your child
Cyberbullying laws and in school policy
Reporting cyberbullying to schools
Often a child will not be able to deal with an instance of cyberbullying alone, and the situation may require intervention by the school in order to put a stop to the behavior.
You may believe that confronting the parents of the bully is a good solution, but they might react unpredictably, denying the charge, or becoming aggressive. Research finds that the bullies are often physically and verbally abused by their parents, and they may not be the best individuals to confront about a cyberbullying situation.
Approaching the school in order to deal with an incident of cyberbullying is the best choice. Even before going to the police, this is the best course of action, as the school will have the contacts of every student, as well as a law enforcement liaison on campus at all times who will best know how to proceed with the situation. If bringing in the cops is necessary, then they will likely do so.
Schools are mandated by state law in every state, to have an official anti-bullying policy, with Montana being the last to do so in 2015. Many states have laws that require schools to deal with off-campus behavior as well. Even if cyberbullying incidents take place off school grounds and after the last bell, they may still be forced to take action. Schools are required to keep classrooms a safe place conducive to learning, and off-campus cyberbullying can negatively impact this environment.
Laws against cyberbullying
As yet, there are no federal laws against cyberbullying, however most states have stepped up and passed their own laws against the behavior. State laws against bullying and cyberbullying vary from state to state. An overwhelming majority of states include criminal sanctions for cyberbullying.
The punishments for cyberbullying vary: in California, using an “electronic communication device” to cause someone to fear for their life is a misdemeanor offense punishable by a fine of up to $1000 or a year in jail. While in states such as Missouri, a cyberbullying offender may face a misdemeanor harassment charge.
Educate yourself on your own state’s cyberbullying laws in order to be better prepared and aware of your options if and when a situation arises.
Generally, severe bullying is classified as a Class 1 misdemeanor, but in some states, as in the case of South Dakota in 2009, legislators failed to pass a comprehensive law against bullying. In states where this is the case, cases against bullies can be filed under existing harassment laws.
In an unprecedented case, Michelle Carter, a 17-year-old from Massachusetts, was sentenced with involuntary manslaughter for sending texts encouraging her boyfriend, Conrad Roy III, to commit suicide. Roy, suffered from depression, and Carter repeatedly encouraged him to follow through with his threats to kill himself. In his final successful attempt, Roy filled his truck with carbon monoxide. He told Carter he was scared, and she encouraged him to “get back in”, which he did, and died of inhaling the fumes. The case may prompt Massachusetts to pass a new law which makes encouraging suicide a criminal act.
Share this on your site
- Stomp out Bullying – The leading non-profit organization dedicated to ending bullying for students everywhere.
- Stopbullying.gov – Government sponsored site dedicated to spreading anti-bullying awareness and prevention tips, with resources and directories for mental health centers.
Mental health resources
- Mentalhealth.gov – The federal government’s site of resources for those battling mental illness.
- Get Help Now – A guide on how to act in a variety of bullying and cyberbullying situations.
- Wellness Everyday: Cyberbullying – Excellent mental health resource on cyberbullying created by the Ventura County Mental Health Department
Law and policy resources
- Find Law – Cyberbullying Laws – Guide to laws against cyberbullying around the country
The following are links to each social network’s page where you can report cyberbullying on the site:
- Abuse and Spam on Instagram
- Report abuse on Snapchat
- Report abuse on Twitter
- Report bullying on Facebook
- Youtube’s harassment and cyberbullying policy
Home Safety Resources
If you are concerned about cyber bullying becoming physical, please check out our various security resources and round ups:<|endoftext|>Located 8 km south of Bhubaneswar
, Dhauli is the site of a set of rock edicts left by the Indian emperor Ashoka
in 260 B C. He was the Mauryan
emperor who renounced his blood thirsty campaign of war and destruction and started following Buddha
ís teachings and austere ways of leading life.
Carvings of the head and forelegs of an elephant emerging from the rock, marks the oldest rock-cut sculpture in India (3rd century B C). It is believed to be the spot where Ashoka underwent a change of heart and total transformation. Rock edicts at the bottom hill (260 B C) urge his administrators to rule the land with justice and compassion. Even after 2000 years the inscriptions on these rocks are remarkably clear. Another attraction worth mentioning is the Shanti Stupa or the peace pagoda, an Indo-Japanese collaboration located on the opposite hill.
There are regular bus services connecting Dhauli with Bhubaneswar.<|endoftext|>快插接头，两端带有关闭装置，按照“推拉”原理工作，也可实现球体锁止。锁定套筒通过预张紧弹簧固定在锁定位置，并且可在两个方向上轴向推动，以实现连接和断开。由于具备这些
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household includes one or more vulnerable individuals then all family members should act as if they, themselves, are at higher risk.
Take Everyday Preventative Actions
- Wash your hands oftenwith soap and water for at least 20 seconds
- Avoid close contact with people who are sick
- Put 6ft of distance between yourself and people who don’t live in your household
- Wear a face covering when in public and around others
- Clean and disinfect frequently-touched surfaces daily, like doorknobs, light switches, phones, and faucets
- Monitor your health dailyand watch for symptoms of COVID-19
- Avoid large gatherings and crowded spaces
- If you’re sick, stay home except to get medical care.
Protect Children and Vulnerable Members
- Choose one or two family members who are not at a higher risk to run the essential errands.
- Teach children the same things everyone should do to stay healthy. Children and other people can spread the virus even if they don’t show symptoms.
- Vulnerable members should avoid caring for children and people who are sick. If they must care for the children in their household, the children in their care should not have contact with individuals outside the household.
Separate a Household Member Who Is Sick
- Keep people at higher risk separated from anyone who is sick.
- Have only one person in the household take care of the person who is sick.
- Provide a separate bedroom and bathroom for the person who is sick, if possible.
- If you need to share a bedroom, separate the ill person’s bed.
- If you need to share a bathroom, clean and disinfect the frequently touched surfaces in the bathroom after each use.
- Maintain 6 feet between the person who is sick and other family or household members.
- If you are sick, do not help prepare food. Also, eat separately from the family.
Learn more at Centers of Disease Control & Prevention.
Watch for COVID-19 symptoms. Even if your symptoms are mild, by law in Chicago, you must stay home, except to get medical care. Most people have mild illness and are able to recover at home. If you want to get tested, call your healthcare provider or use this map to find a testing site near you. If you have symptoms of COVID-19 and are not tested, it is important to stay home.
Use Chi COVID Coach
You should first use our Chi COVID Coach, an app developed to help you know what to do if you have COVID-19 symptoms. Once you sign up, we’ll check back with you via text message. We'll let you know what you and the other people in your household should do to limit the spread of COVID-19, help you know how long you need to stay separated from others, and give you day-by-day guidance throughout a potential isolation or quarantine period.
If you’re sick you must stay home and cannot return to school or work until it has been:
- at least 10 days since your symptoms first appeared; and,
- at least 1 day (24 hours) with no fever (without using fever-reducing medications) and improved symptoms, whichever is longer.
For example, if you have a fever and coughing for 7 days, you need to stay home 3 more days for a total of 10 days. Or, if you have a fever and coughing for 10 days, you need to stay home 1 more day with no fever for a total of 11 days.
Follow these guidelines
If you’re mildly ill and can recover at home, follow the steps below to care for yourself and to help protect other people in your home and community.
- Stay home except to get medical care
- Stay away from other people in your home
- Clean your hands often
- Cover your coughs and sneezes
- Wear a face covering if you must be around other people (even at home)
- Avoid sharing personal household items
- Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces daily, like doorknobs, light switches, phones, and faucets
- Monitor your symptoms
- Call ahead before visiting your doctor
Learn more at Centers of Disease Control & Prevention.
Caring for someone who is sick
If you’re living with someone who is sick or have been in close contact with a person sick with COVID-19, you need to stay home too and avoid public places for 14 days. Monitor your symptoms and do not go to work or school. If you’re caring for someone sick at home follow these guidelines from the Centers of Disease Control & Prevention.
If you’re an essential worker who has been exposed to COVID-19, you may continue to work, as long as you don’t develop any COVID-19 symptoms. Follow these CDPH recommendations for essential workers.
COVID-19 testing is easy, quick and offered at no cost in many doctor’s offices, pharmacies, and healthcare centers. If you don’t have a regular doctor or medical insurance, locate a community health center or visit any of the City of Chicago community-based testing sites.
All individuals tested for COVID-19 should remain isolated until test results are returned.
Updated as of 09/25/2020
Who should be tested
Get tested if:
- You have symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever or chills, cough, difficulty breathing, sore throat, muscle or body aches, new loss of taste or smell, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea
- You have been in contact with someone who is ill, especially if it's someone you live with, a friend or a coworker
- You have been in a high-risk group setting like a large gathering or crowded space
- You have recently traveled to a high-risk area
When to get tested
- If you have symptoms, get tested right away. Make an appointment in advance and make sure to stay 6ft from others and wear a face mask.
- If you don’t have symptoms, get tested 5-9 days after your last contact with the sick person.
How to get tested
- Your health care provider: Residents are best served when they’re tested by their health care provider, because your health care provider is familiar with your medical history and can provide counselling that helps you understand exactly what your test result means. If you develop any symptoms or think you may have been exposed to COVID-19, call your doctor and ask if you need to be tested. Your doctor will either perform the test at their office or will refer you to a testing site.
- Community health centers: If you don’t have a health care provider or medical insurance, there are approximately 165 community health centers throughout Chicago, so find one that is close to you at hrsa.gov. No patient will be turned away because of inability to pay. Community health centers provide services regardless of patients’ immigration status and charge for services on a sliding fee scale.
- City of Chicago testing sites: You can visit one of the City’s community-based testing sites. All tests at the City testing sites are offered at no cost to all people regardless of citizenship or insurance status. To pre-register and schedule an appointment please go to: ChicagoCovidTesting.com
- Testing Map: Use the City of Chicago’s interactive testing map to find a testing site near you. The map is updated frequently as locations are continuously added. Please note different testing sites might have different requirements. We recommend calling in advance or checking online first. For additional information, see the Illinois Department of Public Health list of testing sites.<|endoftext|>RA SESSIONI 85 86 87 88
85.0 Ra: io sono Ra. Comunichiamo adesso.
85.1 Interrogante: potresti prima indicarmi le condizioni dello strumento?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Chiediamo il tuo permesso per una prefazione a questa risposta includendo il saluto che usiamo.
85.2 Interrogante: è auspicabile.
Ra: Io sono Ra. Vi salutiamo nell’amore e nella luce dell’Uno Infinito Creatore. Avevamo qualche difficoltà con il canale di afflusso di energia a causa di una vampata di dolore, come chiamate questa distorsione del complesso del corpo fisico di questo strumento. Pertanto, è stato necessario parlare il più brevemente possibile finché non avessimo trasferito in modo sicuro il complesso mente/corpo/spirito di questo strumento. Chiediamo la tua gentile indulgenza per la nostra scortesia. Era appropriato.
Le condizioni di questo strumento sono le seguenti. La necessità di un’estrema vigilanza è minore, a causa del deficit energetico del complesso fisico piuttosto ridotto. Il potenziale di distorsione rimane e si continua a raccomandare la vigilanza continua sull’ingestione di alimenti utili. Sebbene lo strumento stia sperimentando più della, possiamo dire, normale (per questo complesso mente/corpo/spirito) distorsione verso il dolore in questo nexus (connessione;nesso) spazio/temporale, la condizione di base è meno distorta. Le energie vitali sono come precedentemente affermato.
Lodiamo la vigilanza e la cura di questo gruppo.
85.3 Interrogante: Qual è la situazione attuale rispetto al nostro compagno di quinta densità polarizzato al servizio al sé, devo dire?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Il tuo compagno non è mai stato più strettamente associato a te che al presente nesso (nexus). Potresti vedere una sorta di crisi che si verifica sul cosiddetto livello magico in questo particolare nesso spazio/temporale.
85.4 Interrogante: qual è la natura di questa crisi?
Ra: Io sono Ra. La natura di questa crisi è la determinazione della relativa polarità del vostro compagno e di voi stessi. Sei nella posizione di essere nell’illusione di terza densità e di conseguenza di avere la cosciente abilità magica collettiva del neofita, mentre il tuo compagno è più esperto. Tuttavia, le facoltà di volontà e di fede e la chiamata alla luce sono state usate da questo gruppo escludendo ogni significativa depolarizzazione dal percorso del servizio agli altri.
Se il tuo compagno può depolarizzare questo gruppo, deve farlo e rapidamente, perché in questo tentativo fallito di esplorare la saggezza della separazione sta incontrando una certa depolarizzazione. Questo continuerà. Pertanto, gli sforzi del tuo compagno sono pronunciati in questa connessione spazio/tempo e tempo/spazio.
85.5 Interrogante: Sono totalmente consapevole della mancanza di necessità o anche di bisogno razionale di nominare entità o cose. Mi chiedevo se questa particolare entità avesse un nome solo per poter aumentare la nostra efficienza di comunicazione con rispetto per lui. Ha un nome?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Sì.
85.6 Interrogante: Sarebbe magicamente un male per noi conoscere quel nome o non farebbe differenza?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Farebbe la differenza.
85.7 Interrogante: quale sarebbe la differenza?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Se si desidera avere potere su un’entità è un aiuto conoscere il nome di quell’entità. Se non si desidera alcun potere su un’entità ma si desidera raccogliere quell’entità nel cuore stesso del proprio essere, è bene dimenticare il dare un nome. Entrambi i processi sono magicamente praticabili. Ciascuno è polarizzato in un modo specifico. È una tua scelta.
85.8 Interrogante: Suppongo che sarebbe un problema per lo strumento se lei meditasse senza la pressione della mano dell’altro-sé in questo momento a causa del continuo saluto. È corretto?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Questo è corretto se lo strumento desidera rimanere libero da questa potenziale separazione del complesso mente/corpo/spirito dalla terza densità che ora sperimenta.
85.9 Interrogante: Presumo che, se non altro, da quando il nostro compagno di quinta densità ha monitorato le nostre comunicazioni con Ra, è stato reso consapevole del processo di velatura di cui abbiamo parlato. E mi sembra che, da un punto di vista intellettuale, quella consapevolezza cosciente e accettazione del fatto che questo processo di velatura è stato utilizzato per lo scopo per il quale è stato utilizzato, sarebbe difficile mantenere un’elevata polarizzazione negativa una volta che sia stato intellettualmente e consapevolmente accettato che questo processo di velatura si è effettivamente verificato nel modo che hai descritto. Potresti chiarirmi il mio pensiero su questo punto?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Non siamo sicuri del nostro successo nel riallineare le tue modalità mentali. Possiamo, tuttavia, commentare.
Il processo di polarizzazione, quando entra in quarta densità, avviene con piena conoscenza del processo di velatura che ha avuto luogo nella terza densità. Questo processo di velatura è ciò che è una parte dell’esperienza di terza densità. La conoscenza e la memoria della conclusione di questo e di tutte le porzioni dell’esperienza di terza densità informano l’entità polarizzata di densità superiore. Questo, tuttavia, non influenza la scelta che è stata fatta e che è il fondamento per un ulteriore lavoro oltre la terza densità nella polarizzazione. Coloro che hanno scelto il percorso del servizio agli altri * hanno semplicemente usato il processo di velatura per potenziare ciò che non lo è. Questo è un metodo di conoscenza di sé del tutto accettabile del e dal Creatore.
* Questo dovrebbe essere un servizio al sé. Don e Ra hanno corretto l’errore più avanti nella sessione.
85.10 Interrogante: Hai appena affermato che coloro che sono sul sentiero del servizio agli altri * usano il processo di velatura per potenziare ciò che non lo è. Credo di avere ragione nel ripetere quello che hai detto. È corretto?
* Questo dovrebbe essere un servizio al sé. Don e Ra hanno corretto l’errore più avanti nella sessione.
Ra: Io sono Ra. Sì.
85.11 Interrogante: Allora il percorso del servizio agli altri ha potenziato “ciò che non lo è”. Potresti ampliarlo un po’ (questo concetto) così posso capirlo meglio?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Se vedi i centri energetici nei loro vari colori che completano lo spettro, potresti vedere che la scelta del servizio agli altri * è quella che nega il centro stesso dello spettro; quell’essere amore universale. Pertanto, tutto ciò che è costruito sulla penetrazione della luce della qualità raccoglibile (light of harvestable quality) da parte di tali entità si basa su un’omissione. Questa omissione si manifesterà nella quarta densità come amore di sé; cioè, la più piena espressione dei centri energetici arancioni e gialli che vengono poi utilizzati per potenziare la comunicazione e l’adepthood.
Quando il raffinamento di quinta densità è stato raggiunto, “ciò che non lo è” è sviluppato ulteriormente, la densità della saggezza viene esplorata da entità che non hanno compassione, né amore universale. Sperimentano ciò che desiderano per libera scelta, essendo convinti che l’energia dei raggi verdi sia follia.
“Ciò che non lo è” può essere visto come un’oscurità auto-imposta in cui l’armonia si trasforma in un’eterna disarmonia. Tuttavia, “ciò che non lo è” non può durare per tutta l’ottava e, poiché l’oscurità alla fine chiama la luce, così “ciò che non lo è” alla fine chiama “ciò che è”.
* Questo dovrebbe essere un servizio al sé. Don e Ra hanno corretto l’errore più avanti nella sessione.
85.12 Interrogante: Credo che ci siano stati errori salienti nella comunicazione che abbiamo appena completato a causa di difficoltà di trasmissione. Sei a conoscenza di questi errori?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Non siamo consapevoli degli errori sebbene questo strumento stia vivendo vampate di dolore, come chiamate questa distorsione. Accogliamo e incoraggiamo le vostre percezioni nella correzione di eventuali errori di trasmissione.
85.13 Interrogante: Penso semplicemente che sia stata fatta l’affermazione che stavamo parlando del percorso del servizio agli altri. Vorresti controllare, per favore?
Ra: Io sono Ra. Possiamo chiederti di essere informato della nostra intenzione di aver parlato del percorso del servizio al sé come del percorso di “ciò che non lo è.
85.14 Interrogante: Sono solo interessato al problema che a volte abbiamo con la trasmissione poiché la parola “altri” è stata usata tre volte nella trasmissione piuttosto che la parola “sé”. E potresti darmi un’idea del problema di comunicazione che abbiamo avuto lì che crea quel tipo di anomalia che, se non ho colto, potrebbe creare una discrepanza piuttosto ampia nella comunicazione?
Ra: Io sono Ra. In primo luogo, possiamo notare la goffaggine del linguaggio e la nostra non familiarità con esso nella nostra, diciamo, esperienza nativa. In secondo luogo, possiamo sottolineare che una volta che abbiamo erroneamente chiamato o denominato erroneamente un evento o una cosa, è molto probabile che quel referente venga riutilizzato per un certo “tempo di trasmissione”, come voi chiamate questa misurazione, a causa del nostro errore originale che non è stato rilevato da noi stessi.
85.15 Interrogante: Grazie.
Hai l’uso (capacità di utilizzare) di tutte le parole in lingua inglese e, del resto, tutte le parole in tutte le lingue che si parlano su questo pianeta in questo momento?
Ra: Io sono Ra. No.
85.16 Interrogante: Ho una domanda da parte di Jim. Afferma: “Credo che una delle mie scelte primarie pre-incarnative sia stata quella di aprire il mio centro energetico dei raggi verdi per scopi di guarigione. Quando vedo la mia compassione svilupparsi, è più appropriato bilanciare questa compassione con la saggezza nei miei esercizi di guarigione o consentire alla compassione di svilupparsi il più possibile senza essere equilibrata? “
Ra: Io sono Ra. Questa domanda confina con quel tipo di domanda a cui le risposte non sono disponibili a causa dei divieti del libero arbitrio sulle informazioni da parte di insegnanti/studenti.
Allo studente del processo di bilanciamento possiamo suggerire di applicare l’onestà più rigorosa. Quando si percepisce la compassione, si suggerisce di analizzare nel bilanciamento questa percezione. Potrebbero essere necessari molti, molti tentativi (essays) nella compassione prima che il vero amore universale sia il prodotto del tentativo di apertura e cristallizzazione di questo important
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and wrote treatises about natural history and medicinal uses of plants, animals, trees and stones. Her scientific books contain more than 2,000 remedies and health suggestions. In the work " Liber simplicis medicinae" printed in 1533 and called Physica, she tells of the basic qualities, the medicinal value and the proper application of 230 plants, 63 trees, 45 animals.
In "Liber compositae medicinae", called Causae et curae, Hildegard speaks of the external world, but always with reference to human health (the kinds of water that are safe to drink); on illnesses and their causes, on cures, and finally on symptoms to be looked for. She is the first composer whose biography is known, founded a vibrant convent, where her musical plays were performed.
Hildegard has been beatified and is frequently referred to as St. Hildegard. Revival of interest in this extraordinary woman of the middle ages was initiated by musicologists and historians of science and religion. (Abstract)
Prof. Camillo O. Di Cicco MD, American Association for the History of Medicine.
18th Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Berlin 2009.
Miniatur aus dem so genannten Lucca-Codex des „Liber divinorum operum”: Hildegard am Schreibpult, um 1220/1230, Biblioteca Statale in Lucca<|endoftext|>"Büyük şehir yutar adamı" demişlerdi. Duymuştu bir yerlerden, büyük şehir yutarmış adamları... Bir şehir adamı nasıl yutardı ki? Yamyam dedikleri şey, herhalde bu şehir denen şeydi? Fakat herkes kendisini yinede, bu şehir denen yaymamanı önüne atıyordu. Akın akın geliyorlardı. Mademki herkes, gönüllü olarak geliyordu yutulmaya, varsın bu yamyam bir öğünlükte, Hayati'yi yutsun diye düşünmüştü.
Yolda yürümekten parçalanan ayakkabıları, adeta ayağından bir an önce kurtulmak için çabalıyordu. Bütün sevdikleri gibi, annesi, babası, amcaları ve ne kadar akrabası varsa hepsi gibi. Herkes sanki bir lanetliymiş gibi, kaçmışlardı Hayati'den. Her ne kadar sebebini bilmese de, yanından bir anda çekiliverişleri, bu şekilde düşünmesine neden olmuştu.<|endoftext|>功能：有情人终成家族...
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战北城这才松缓了一些.
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可是星夜仍然浅浅的吸了口吻
又一口念着父亲……...
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微笑的望着一脸自得的汉子
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;打了呼吁往后”“
说了一句<|endoftext|>Shay于2020年6月加入顾问及管理小组. 在加入公司之前，他曾担任运营分析师. 在那个职位上，他负责持续改进, 其中包括更新和创建新的流程，以确保它们是有效的, 维护良好, 最新的. 为了进一步深造，他正在攻读数据分析学士学位. 他被顾问管理小组的员工真正的服务性所吸引. 他觉得这个团队有一种真正的家庭感觉. 就像一个家庭，他们希望每个人都成功. 他觉得团队帮助客户实现目标的承诺与他自己的目标是一致的. 谢伊与顾问一起交易客户的投资组合. 他还帮助领导贸易部门的持续改进, 确保彩神v1使用最合适的技术和流程来满足客户的需求. 在工作之余，他喜欢锻炼身体，待在户外，看体育比赛. 谢伊还有3个年幼的孩子，他们从不觉得精力不足. 他经常在院子里追着他的孩子们, 正在进行家庭装修项目, 或者为他的獾队加油, 啤酒酿造商, 雄鹿队, 和包装商.<|endoftext|>功能：墨西哥最大的水泥公司西麦斯CEMEX本周却表示...
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的文章称.
变为排在勒庞和马克龙之后的第三名外媒称
最终被院方发现
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他表示美国必须大力加强并扩张其核能力...
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相比较而言
是XX你就坚持60秒
这种行为违反美国联邦记录法消息人士称
马斯里的死亡标志着美国对其长达19年追捕的完结他因为涉嫌策划1998年肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚的美国大使馆爆炸案遭美国政府通缉号外号外
;这意味着在财政部4月15日发布定期报告之前”“
赫鲁晓夫楼<|endoftext|>Proviamo a immaginare come fosse la regione di Laetoli, in Tanzania, circa quattro milioni di anni fa. Probabilmente era un'area brulla dove le tigri dai denti a sciabola si aggiravano liberamente e i piccoli ominidi che la abitavano erano facili prede. Una volta, durante la stagione secca, quando il Sadiman, il vulcano che sorgeva nella zona (ora estinto), eruttò, lasciò sulla terra arida una vasta coltre di cenere che gli ominidi calpestarono, lasciandovi le loro impronte. Il caso volle che molti millenni dopo un gruppo di ricercatori che lavorava nella regione, tra cui un'affermata paleoantropologa britannica di nome Mary Leakey, portò alla luce quelle antiche tracce lasciate dai primi ominidi, apparentemente australopitechi.
Una studentessa poco attenta
Mary Douglas Nicol (che anni dopo sarebbe stata conosciuta in tutto il mondo come Mary Lakey, in seguito al matrimonio con il famoso paleoantropologo Louis Lakey) nacque il 6 febbraio 1913 a Londra ed era l'unica figlia di Erskine Nicol e Cecilia Marion Frere. Da parte di madre, Mary era pronipote di John Frere, un antiquario inglese del XVIII secolo che fu pioniere nella scoperta di utensili del Paleolitico inferiore, mentre il padre era un famoso paesaggista.
Durante l'infanzia e la giovinezza Mary viaggiò molto con la famiglia in Europa e in Africa. La giovane sviluppò un grande amore per il disegno e la preistoria, soprattutto grazie alle visite alle grotte della valle di Vézère e a quelle di Pech Merle in Francia. Mary avrebbe ricordato con affetto le sue spedizioni nelle intricate gallerie con il preistorico francese Amédée Lemozi.
Nei suoi numerosi viaggi in Europa e in Africa, la giovane Mary sviluppò un grande amore per il disegno e per la preistoria, soprattutto grazie alle visite con la famiglia alle grotte della Valle di Vézère e a quelle di Pech Merle in Francia
Ma proprio dopo un viaggio in Francia la sfortuna si abbatté sulla famiglia. Il padre di Mary morì dopo una lunga malattia e la madre decise d'iscriverla a una scuola religiosa. Mary però fu espulsa per aver provocato un'esplosione in un laboratorio di chimica, e non fu d'aiuto il fatto che non avesse mai superato alcun esame, come raccontò lei stessa.
Disperata per l'espulsione della figlia, la madre assunse due insegnanti privati, che non ebbero molto più successo dei precedenti. Lo scarso entusiasmo di Mary per gli studi contrastava con la sua passione per l'archeologia e con il suo innegabile talento per il disegno. La madre, nonostante le difficoltà, voleva iscrivere la figlia ribelle a Oxford, ma quando vide il disastroso curriculum accademico di Mary, l'eminente geologo e antropologo britannico e professore universitario William Johnson Sollas glielo sconsigliò vivamente.
Mary stessa ricordò nella sua autobiografia, non senza una certa ironia, che tutte le università che l'avevano respinta, compresa Oxford, si unirono anni dopo per conferirle una laurea honoris causa in riconoscimento del suo contributo all'archeologia e alla paleontologia.
Un talento eccezionale per il disegno
Nonostante il rifiuto di Sollas, Mary assistette a molte lezioni all'università e al museo di Londra e riuscì a lavorare in vari siti come Verulamium, vicino all'attuale città di St. Albans, nella contea di Hertford, i cui scavi erano sotto la direzione dell'archeologo britannico Mortimer Wheeler.
All'inizio degli anni trenta l'archeologa Dorothy Liddell (che Mary aveva conosciuto anni prima durante una visita a Stonehenge) stava effettuando degli scavi nel sito neolitico di Hembury, nel Devon, e ingaggiò Mary per realizzare dei disegni dei materiali rinvenuti. All'inizio del 1933 l'archeologa britannica Gertrude Caton Thompson vide i disegni di Mary e li apprezzò a tal punto che la assunse per disegnare gli utensili in pietra scoperti nella regione egizia del Fayum per illustrare il suo libro The Desert Fayum (1934). Poco dopo fu la stessa Caton Thompson a presentarle Louis Leakey, il suo futuro marito, perché illustrasse il suo libro Adam's Ancestors (1934).
All'inizio degli anni trenta l'archeologa Dorothy Liddell stava conducendo una serie di scavi nel sito neolitico di Hembury, nel Devon, e assunse Mary per realizzare disegni dei materiali rinvenuti
Amore per la solitudine e per la natura
Quella che era iniziata come una semplice collaborazione professionale si trasformò in una vera e propria storia d'amore. La fascinazione di Mary per i luoghi selvaggi, il lavoro sul campo e la solitudine in mezzo agli animali selvatici finì per avvicinarla moltissimo a Louis. Il problema era che questi, di dieci anni più grande di lei, era sposato e aspettava un secondo figlio dalla moglie Frida Leakey. Il divorzio della coppia provocò una scossa nella comunità scientifica, tanto che Louis fu costretto a dimettersi dal suo incarico all'università.
Alla fine del 1936 Mary e Louis si sposarono e poco dopo si trasferirono in Kenya, dove viveva ancora la famiglia di Louis e dove avevano già intrapreso diverse spedizioni paleontologiche
Alla fine del 1936 Mary e Louis si sposarono e poco dopo si trasferirono in Kenya, dove la famiglia di Louis viveva ancora e dove avevano già effettuato diverse spedizioni. Dopo la guerra, nel 1948, i Leakeys iniziarono a lavorare sull'isola di Rusinga, vicino al lago Vittoria. Fu lì che Mary fece una scoperta spettacolare. Durante gli scavi portò alla luce il cranio, le mascelle e i denti di un antico primate che sarebbe stato battezzato Proconsul africanus. Questa scoperta fece nascere nella comunità scientifica l'idea che questo esemplare fosse l'"anello mancante" tra le scimmie e gli esseri umani.
La gola di Olvudai
Il 17 luglio 1959 Mary dissotterrò un osso mascellare e successivamente un cranio dall'aspetto assai primitivo (aveva 1,75 milioni di anni), appartenenti a una specie precedentemente sconosciuta. Louis chiamò questa nuova specie Zinjanthropus boisei (Zanj in arabo significa Africa). Ma la fama internazionale che derivò dalla scoperta dell'"uomo schiaccianoci", come venne popolarmente chiamato per i suoi grandi denti, portò anche delle controversie.
Louis inizialmente classificò il cranio come un nuovo membro della famiglia Homo, un antenato dell'Homo erectus, ma il famoso paleoantropologo britannico Phillip Tobias non era d'accordo e affermò che il cranio era molto più antico. Alla fine, nel 1960 il paleontologo John Talbot Robinson attribuì il cranio di Zinjanthropus al genere Paranthropus (a cui appartengono le specie africanus ed aethiopicus), ma nel 1964 Louis lo incluse nel genere Australopithecus e lo chiamò boisei (dal nome di Charles Boise, mecenate dei coniugi Leakey).
Negli anni sessanta i Leakeys continuarono a scavare a Olduvai e Mary portò alla luce altri resti umani contemporanei ma diversi dall'Australopithecus boisei. Scoprì anche utensili di età compresa tra i 2 e gli 8 milioni di anni. Sia Louis che Mary attribuirono gli utensili (che in precedenza avevano attribuito all'Australopithecus boisei) a questi altri ominini dal cervello più grande che, a quanto pare, erano in grado di generare utensili altamente precisi. Questo nuovo ominide fu battezzato Homo habilis. Nel 1972 Louis morì e Mary continuò il lavoro di ricerca da sola.
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Le impronte di Laetoli
Le spettacolari scoperte della gola di Olduvai risvegliarono l'interesse internazionale sulle origini dell'umanità, non solo tra gli esperti ma anche tra il grande pubblico. Ma le scoperte di Mary in Africa non erano finite. Abbiamo già parlato delle impronte scoperte a Laetoli durante la campagna di scavi che l'équipe di Mary Leakey vi stava conducendo tra il 1975 e il 1976. La scoperta fu così importante per la conoscenza degli albori del bipedismo che nel suo libro The Formation of Mankind Richard Leakey, figlio di Mary e Louis, che sarebbe a sua volta diventato un importante paleoantropologo, scrisse: «Mia madre diceva che è stata la scoperta più notevole di tutta la sua carriera».
Tra il 1975 e il 1976 l'équipe di Mary Leakey scoprì delle impronte nella cenere vulcanica di Laetoli, in Tanzania, probabilmente lasciate da antichi australopitechi
Mary Leakey, la "gran dama della paleoantropologia", morì in Kenya il 9 dicembre 1996, all'età di ottantatré anni. Gilbert Grosvenor, che era stato presidente della National Geographic Society tra il 1920 e il 1954, disse una volta della coppia di paleoantropologi più famosa della storia: «Louis Leakey amava essere al centro dell'attenzione, sia che venisse applaudito o criticato, ma Mary preferiva una vita più tranquilla. La gola di Olduvai fu probabilmente il paradiso in terra per lei».
Se vuoi ricevere la nostra newsletter settimanale, iscriviti subito!<|endoftext|>Kedilerde yağlı kuyruk, kedinin kuyruğunda birikmiş yağ bezlerinin neden olduğu bir durumdur. Bu durum, kedinin kuyruğunda yağlı bir görünüme ve bazen kötü bir koku oluşmasına neden olabilir. Neyse ki, kedinizin yağlı kuyruğunu tedavi etmek için bazı bilgiler ve öneriler sunabiliriz.
İlk olarak, kedinize dengeli bir diyet sağlamak yağlı kuyruğun önlenmesine yardımcı olabilir. Kedinizin beslenmesine dikkat etmek ve ona uygun bir diyet planı oluşturmak önemlidir. Yağlı yiyeceklerden kaçınmak ve sağlıklı bir beslenme programı izlemek, kedinizin genel sağlığını iyileştirebilir ve yağlı kuyruk sorununu azaltabilir.
Bunun yanı sıra, kedinizin kuyruğunu düzenli olarak temizlemek ve hijyenini sağlamak da yağ birikimini azaltabilir. Kedinizin kuyruğunu nazikçe fırçalamak ve temizlemek, yağ bezlerindeki birikimi önleyebilir. Ayrıca, kedinizi düzenli olarak yıkamak da yağlı kuyruk sorununu hafifletebilir. Ancak, doğru şampuanı kullanmak ve yıkama sıklığını dikkatli bir şekilde ayarlamak önemlidir.
Kedinizin kuyruğuna hafifçe masaj yapmak da yağ birikimini azaltabilir. Kedinizin kuyruğunu nazikçe ovuşturmak ve masaj yapmak, yağ bezlerinin düzgün çalışmasına yardımcı olabilir. Bununla birlikte, kedinizin yağlı kuyruk sorunu devam ederse, veteriner kontrolüne gitmek önemlidir. Veterineriniz, yağlı kuyruk sorununu tedavi etmek için çeşitli seçenekler sunabilir ve gerekli ilaçları önerebilir.
Doğru Beslenme
Doğru beslenme, kedinizin sağlıklı bir yaşam sürmesi için çok önemlidir ve aynı zamanda yağlı kuyruk sorununun önlenmesine yardımcı olabilir. Kedinizi dengeli bir diyetle beslemek, onun ihtiyaç duyduğu tüm besinleri almasını sağlar ve vücudunda yağ birikimini azaltır.
Kedinizin diyetinde protein, yağ ve karbonhidrat dengesi önemlidir. Yüksek kaliteli kedi maması tercih etmek, kedinizin sağlıklı bir şekilde beslenmesine yardımcı olur. Ayrıca, kedinizin yaşına, kilosuna ve sağlık durumuna uygun bir diyet planlamak da önemlidir.
Aşırı yağlı veya şekerli yiyeceklerden kaçınmak da önemlidir. Bu tür yiyecekler, kedinizin kilo almasına ve yağ birikimine neden olabilir. Bunun yerine, kedinizin diyetine taze et, balık, sebze ve tahıl gibi sağlıklı besinler eklemek daha iyidir.
Ayrıca, kedinizin su tüketimini artırmak da önemlidir. Yeterli miktarda su içmek, kedinizin sindirim sistemini düzenler ve yağlı kuyruk sorununu ön
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differs from combined residual in that it is not combined with ammonia or other elements or compounds, and is a more effective disinfectant.
Resin - Specially manufactured polymer beads used in the ion exchange process to remove dissolved salts from water.
Resistance - impedes the flow of electrons, and is measured in Ohms.
Return Piping - That part of the pool, spa or hot tub piping between the filter and the vessel through which filtered water passes.
RO - Reverse Osmosis - the process of removing, or separating, all particles and solids down to the smallest invisible salt particle from liquids. Reverse osmosis uses intense pressure to force liquids through a membrane or filter with holes so small that no particles can get through at all, and only the pure liquid remains.
Rotor - the part of the motor that moves. It consists of a stack of metal stampings called "laminations" that are bound together, having a series of slots that may be injected with molten aluminum or wrapped with copper or aluminum wire.
Rotor Speed - based on the frequency or hertz that the electric energy is moving. One Hertz is one complete cycle of AC electric power.
Run Capacitor - placed in line with the starting coil to smooth out the flow of electricity, making the motor run quieter by eliminating mechanical vibration caused by the turning rotor.
Ryznar Index - A modification of the Langelier index used to calculate the degree of calcium carbonate saturation and to predict the likelihood of scale formation from a water supply.
Safety Line - A continuous line not less than 1/4 inch in diameter, which is supported by buoys and attached to opposite sides of a pool which is supported by buoys and attached to opposite sides of a pool to separate the deep and shallow ends.
Salt Passage Rate - A measurement of the passage of salts through a reverse osmosis membrane. Salt passage is related to rejection by: % Salt passage = 100 - % Rejection.
Sample - The water that is analyzed for the presence of EPA-regulated drinking water contaminants. Depending on the regulation, EPA requires water systems and states to take samples from source water, from water leaving the treatment facility, or from the taps of selected consumers.
Sanitary Survey - An on-site review of the water sources, facilities, equipment, operation, and maintenance of a public water systems for the purpose of evaluating the adequacy of the facilities for producing and distributing safe drinking water.
Saturated Zone - The underground area below the water table where all open spaces are filled with water. A well placed in this zone will be able to pump ground water.
Scale Deposits - Corrosion and Scale Deposits add up to a reduction in flow area, an increase of the velocity of the liquid, and an increase in head loss due to friction.
Scaling - Usually used in reference to distillation or reverse osmosis equipment, scaling is the precipitation of sparingly soluble salts, such as calcium carbonate, onto the surface of a distiller boiler or reverse osmosis membrane. Scaling is associated with decreased flux and reduced reverse osmosis rejection rates. Scaling also affects to a slight degree the efficiency of distillation processes.
Scrubbing or Scouring Velocity - A velocity of water moving fast enough to remove particles trying to cling to the pipe and keep the solids moving in the pipe. Minimum of 2 feet per second.
Second Affinity Law - With the same impeller, the head generated by the impeller is related to the square of the liquid exit velocity; if you increase the speed of the water the head will increase by the square of the change.
Secondary Drinking Water Standards - Non-enforceable federal guidelines regarding cosmetic effects (such as tooth or skin discoloration) or aesthetic effects (such as taste, odor, or color) of drinking water.
Sediment - Very small debris, such as sand, rust, or silt, that settles to the bottom of a tank or vessel.
Sedimentation - The process by which solids are separated from water by gravity and deposited on the bottom of a container or basin.
Self Priming Pump - a centrifugal pump having the capability of dispersing a certain amount of air from its pump body, assuming the pump has been primed initially, when operating under a suction lift; to free itself of entrained gas without losing prime; and to continue normal pumping operation without attention..
Semi-Open Impeller - Also know as a vane impeller, it has only one shroud. The other side of the impeller is in close contact with the pump volute case. The vanes of the impeller are spaced far enough apart to pass solids.
Semipermeable - Descriptive of a material, such as a reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration membrane, which allows the passage of some molecules and prevents the passage of others.
Septic Tank - A container used to collect wastewater from a house. Generally they have two compartments and are watertight. The larger compartment is for the raw sewage and the second compartment for effluent water. The second compartment can also be used as a pump chamber.
Septum - That part of the filter element consisting of cloth, wire screen or other porous material on which the filter medium or aid is deposited.
Service Factor - A factor indicating the degree to which an electric motor can be operated over the specified horsepower without danger of overloading or failure. In other words, it is the actual horsepower of the motor.
Service Pressure - The range of pressure in the pressure tank during the pumping cycle, usually expressed in pounds per square inch gauge (P.S.I.G.).
Setting - The vertical distance from the level at which the discharge pipe leaves the well to the bottom of the pump or jet assembly in the well.
Sewage - Raw wastewater from residential, commercial or industrial sites. Sewage from residential sites is generally defined as 2” or less solids and commercial sites are 3” or 4” solids.
Sewage Pump - a pump designed to pump black water (effluent).
Shallow Well - a type of jet pump OR a well having less than 25' of lift.
Shallow-Well Jet Pump - a dedicated pump that will work to a maximum depth of about 25 feet. The jet is either attached or pre-cast into the pump body.
Short-Cycling - the water pump turns on and off too rapidly or too frequently
Shut-off Head - The total head created by a pump that is running against a closed discharge.
Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) - a solid state device containing a gate that acts as the "turn-on" switch that allows the device to fully conduct voltage.
Silt Density Index - A measurement of the rate at which a 0.45 ~m filter disc is plugged under standardized test conditions. Silt density index (SDI) determinations are used to estimate the rate at which various water supplies will cause fouling or plugging of reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration membranes.
Silver Protein - A solution containing silver ions, such as Argyrol, used as a germicide.
Simplex System - A sewage or effluent system that uses a single pump to control the water level in the storage chamber. Most residential systems are simplex systems. Most simplex systems use an automatic pump with a piggy–back float to turn them on and off, some use a panel.
Single Or Double Pipe System - refers to the well size and how the well can be entered.
Single Phase Protection (SPP) Device - senses the power factor as heat builds up in the motor and shuts it down when the preset limit is reached.
Single Pipe - in a jet pump application means there is only one pipe going down into the well. The jet is attached to it and has leathers above the intake. These leathers act as a seal to ensure that well water will only enter through the suction.
Single-Phase Motor Designs - motors that are most common to centrifugal pumps.
Skimmer Weir - The horizontal surface over which the water flows to the circulating system (usually self-adjusting for water level changes).
Slip - the difference between the rotor speed and the rotating magnetic field in the stator. Slip is what allows a motor to turn.
Slip Resisting - A surface that has been so treated or constructed as to significantly reduce the chance of a bather from slipping. The surface should not be an abrasion hazard.
Slurry - A suspension of diatomaceous earth in water used for body feeding in D.E. filters.
Slurry Feeder - A device to feed a variable amount of filter aid during the filter cycle.
Snifter Valve - A valve in a water system that allows air to enter or escape, and accumulated water to be released.
Sodium Bisulfate - A dry chemical commonly used to lower pH in water. Also called soda ash.
Sodium Carbonate - A dry chemical commonly used to raise pH in water.
Soft Start - bringing a motor up slowly to its full running amps instead of starting the motor with locked-rotor in-rush current.
Soft Water - Water containing less than 1 grain per gallon dissolved calcium and magnesium salts. Definition of where “softness” starts may vary depending on individual viewpoints
Sole Source Aquifer - An aquifer that supplies 50 percent or more of the drinking water of an area.
Solute - Dissolved particles in a solvent
Sorbent - See adsorption.
Source Water - Water in its natural state, prior to any treatment for drinking.
Sp or Specific Gravity of Liquid - The ratio of the mass of a solid or liquid to the mass of an equal volume of distilled water at 4°C (39°F) or of a gas to an equal volume of air or hydrogen under prescribed conditions of temperature and pressure. Also called relative density.
Spa - A hydrotherapy unit of irregular or geometric shell design. (SEE “HYDROTHERAPY SPA” OR “HOT TUB”)
Spa - Inground - A Spa whose sides reside partially or fully below the natural ground level.
Spiral Casing or Volute - a pump component that has a gradually expanding water passageway from the tongue or cut water of the volute to the discharge.
Spiral Wound Membrane - The most common practical configuration of membranes for RO systems.
Split Phase Motor - a type of electric motor that has a start winding and a run or main winding separated by 90 degrees and the windings are wired in parallel. The split phase motor is a low cost design and is available from 1/20 to 1-1/2 HP and is usually found on low-end centrifugal pumps. It produces low starting torque (100-175% of run torque) and requires a very high starting current (700-1000% of run current).
Spray Rinse, Mechanical - A fixed or mechanically movable spray system which directs a stream of water against the filter surface, causing the filter aid and accumulated dirt to dislodge into the empty tank.
Springboard - A board especially designed to produce diver spring action when properly installed on an anchor (base) and fulcrum. (The term diving board includes non-spring types).
Squirrel Cage Induction Type Electric Motor - A motor whose name is derived from the similarity between the motor windings (which may use conductive bars connected together at both ends by shorting rings forming a cage-like shape) and a squirrel cage/hamster wheel. These are the most common type of industrial AC electric motors, being rugged and requiring neither a separate DC power source nor ship-rings. They are constant speed devices when energized by a constant frequency AC supply.
SSE - Sump, Sewage and Effluent pumps.
Start Winding - a second set of coils connected in series with a capacitor.
Starting Switch or Governor or Relay - a device designed to open its contacts when the motor reaches a critical speed, removing the start capacitor from the circuit.
Static Discharge Head - another name for elevation. It is the distance between the datum plane and the highest point you are pumping to.
Static Electricity - An imbalance of protons (positive charged particles) and electrons (negative charged particles); a separation of negative and positive charges, caused by the intimate contact and then separation of two dissimilar insulating materials.
Static Head - The vertical distance between the free level of the source of the supply and the point of free discharge, or to the level of the free surface of the discharged water.
Static Or Standing Water Level - The undisturbed level of water in the well before pumping.
Static Suction Head- is located on the suction side of the pump and is the distance between the datum plane and the water. It can be expressed as a positive or negative number depending if the pump has to lift the water.
Stator - the part of the motor that does not move. It consists of a stack of metal stampings called "laminations" that are bound together with a series of slots that contain the windings of the motor. Stator also includes the starting windings in a single phase motor.
Stator Slots - slots in the stator for the coils of wire that will cause the magnetic field that rotate the rotor.
STEP Pump (Septic Tank Effluent Pump) - a pump designed to pump gray or effluent water.
STEP System (Septic Tank Effluent Pump) - An effluent pump transfers septic tank effluent, collected in the pump chamber to a distribution box or manifold for gravity flow to an absorption field or sewer line. The advantage of this method compared to other gravity systems is that the absorption field or sewer line can be located at a higher elevation than the septic tank. Disadvantages are common with all gravity systems, i.e. progressive plugging of the drain holes and absorption areas, and minimal effectiveness in hard soils or high water tables.
Steps - Riser/tread or series of risers/treads extending down from into the deck with the bottom riser/tread terminating at the pool
Sterilization - A physical or chemical process that reduces the number of organisms to a safe predetermined level (see also disinfection).
Straight Centrifugal Pump - the common name for non self-priming pumps. When air enters the eye of the impeller and voids the low pressure area in the impeller, this type of pump immediately loses its prime and must be manually re-primed.
Sub Turbine - the driver is close coupled to the pump end and submerged with it, eliminating the need for a long line shaft extending down from the surface. A sub turbine can be installed in any position, from vertical to horizontal.
Submergence - The vertical distance between PUMPING LEVEL and the bottom of the pump or jet assembly. Submergence must be sufficient to insure that the suction opening of the pump or jet assembly is always covered with water, while maintaining enough clearance from the bottom of the well to keep it out of sediment (at least 10 feet clearance is recommended).
Submersible Pump - a multi-stage centrifugal pump with a waterproof electric motor mounted below the pump end.
Submersible Turbine Pump - a number of centrifugal pumps plumbed together. The discharge on one pump is plumbed directly into the suction of the next pump. That adds pressure energy to the liquid.
Submersible Turbine Pump Stage - consists of an impeller, a multi-vane diffuser, a common shaft for all the stages, and fasteners and spacers (depending on the exact style of construction).
Suction - Where the water enters the pump
Suction Head - The total head on the suction side of the pump, including suction lift and friction head.
Suction Inducer Sleeve - a sleeve surrounding a pump that forces the air or gas to rise in the well, allowing only water to enter the pump suction.
Suction Leak - An escape of liquid from, or insertion of air into, the piping system going into a pump.
Suction Lift - the condition where the water supply is below the pump.
Suction Piping - That part of the pool, spa or hot tub piping through which water passes from the vessel to the pump.
Superficial Velocity - A quantitative expression of the rate of linear motion with which water passes through a vessel used to house particles, such as ion exchange resin or carbon media.
Surface Attraction - another form of resistance to flow in any liquid. A liquid will attach itself to any surface and cannot be moved.
Surface Skimmer or Recirculating Overflow - a device designed to continuously remove surface film and water and return it through the filter as part of the recirculation system, usually incorporating a self-adjusting weir, a collection tank and a means to prevent air lock of the pump (sometimes referred to as a “recirculation overflow,” or a “mechanical” or “automatic skimmer”).
Surface Skimmer System - This term encompasses perimeter type overflows, surface skimmers and surface water collection systems of various design and manufacture.
Surface Water - The water that systems pump and treat from sources open to the atmosphere, such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.
Surge Arrester - another type of pump protection; protects the pump and controller if someone down line shuts off a piece of equipment that uses lots of power.
Surge Chamber - A storage chamber within the pool recirculating system used to absorb the water displaced by bathers.
Surge Tank - A type of pressurized water storage vessel. Surge tanks typically have large areas of stagnation that offer opportunistic bacteria a favorable environment for multiplication. Commonly found in reverse osmosis systems. Requires periodic sanitation to ensure control of bacterial growth.
Suspended Solids - Includes settle-able particles less than one micron in diameter.
Swimming Area - That area of a pool in excess of 3 feet in depth which is devoted to swimming.
Switch Frequency - same as carrier frequency; the higher the frequency, the more resolution each PWM pulse contains OR the smoother the output waveform and the higher the resolution.
System Head Demand - a method of evaluating the Total Head requirements of an entire pumping system.
Tank - a steel, plastic, or fibrewound vessel designed to store pressure or water.
Tannin - Any of a group of water soluble, natural organic phenolic compounds that are produced by metabolism in trees and plants and are part of the degradation-resistant fulvic acid materials formed during the decomposition of vegetation. Tannins occur in water or in almost any location where large quantities of vegetation have decayed. Tannins can impart a faintly yellowish to brown color to water. Tannin molecules tend to form anions in water above pH 6 and can be treated with anion exchange resins. Below pH 5, tannins are better treated with activated carbon.
Taste And Odor - A type of filter that makes water smell and taste better.
TDH - Total Dynamic Head - The total amount of head required by the system. The amount of head the pump must produce to properly operate the system.
TDSL - Total Dynamic Suction Lift – equivalent to Head.
TEFC - Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled - a type of motor enclosure
TENV/TEFC - "totally enclosed non-vented" (TENV). Larger motors have a fan to blow air over the outside of the motor housing and are called "totally enclosed fan cooled" (TEFC).
Terminal Board - the place where the power is connected to the motor, and in most cases is where the voltage selection is made.
Thermal Limit - The maximum internal operating temperature in an electric motors, determined by the class of insulation used.
Thin Film Composite - A membrane made with a polyamide-based polymer consisting of three layers: a polyester support web, a micro porous polysulfonic inter layer, and an ultra-thin barrier coating on the top surface.
Third Affinity Law - With the same impeller, the change of horsepower will be related to the cube of the change in the velocity of the liquid; if you increase the speed of the water the horsepower required to affect that change will be cubed.
Three Phase Motor - a type of electric motor that does not have starting windings; coil sets are in groups of three instead of two.
Three States of Water - Liquid; Vapor or gas; Solid
Th
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Figure 1.
Your camera lens may slightly differ from the one of Figure 1 but don’t worry, you can still use it. Basically, you will find a focus ring that will change the position of the lens inside the case (take a look at the back of your camera lens while you are turning the focus ring) and an aperture ring which controls an iris inside the lens. A large iris corresponds to a large aperture and a small iris corresponds to a small aperture. The value is coded as the f-number which is defined as the focal length divided by the aperture of the lens. All camera lenses allow reducing the aperture by a large amount but its highest opened value is fixed by the construction of the lens. This largest aperture is always given in the specification of the lens; for instance, a 50 mm f/1.4 such as used here has a focal length of 50 mm and a f-number of 1.4, leading to a maximum aperture of 50 mm / 1.4 = 36 mm. You may not have an aperture ring on your camera but don’t panic, just locate the small spring-loaded pin at the back of the lens as it controls the iris as well. If you have a lens with no aperture ring, you will have to fix the pin at the back of the lens with some rubber band.
Finally, the lens ends with a mount that is specific to the manufacturer. Here, I have represented a Nikkon F-mount with its bayonets on Figure 1.
Please note that the focal length of the camera lens should be taken from the back of the lens and not from its front. So in all your experiment, make sure that the back of the camera lens is pointing to the sample. This is a very common mistake when using camera lenses with short focal lengths.
Concerning microscopes now, most of them are built by placing the sample at the focal plane of the objective. The image is then formed at the focal plane of the second lens (the tube lens) which is here a 200 mm, 2”, achromat doublet. The focal length of the tube lens is manufacturer-dependent but is usually 180 or 200 mm. When using this microscopy setup configuration, the magnification is given by the ratio of the tube lens and the microscopy objective focal lengths. For example, an Olympus Plan 4x has a equivalent focal length of 45 mm which makes the magnification ratio 4x with a 180 mm tube lens and 4.5x with a 200 mm tube lens. You are free to use custom focal lengths for the tube lens at conditions that will be highlighted later.
From the diffraction theory, we expect that the ability of the optical system to resolve two points that lies on the same optical plane (an optical plane is an imaginary plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the system; or parallel to the plane of the lens if you prefer) will be a function of the wavelength of the light, the distance of the plane to the lens and the aperture of the lens. Smaller wavelengths (i.e.: blue or violet light) will show more details than longer ones (i.e.: red light), closer objects will show more details than farther ones and larger apertures will show more details than shallower ones. In the case of the microscope setup used (infinity corrected microscope) we know that the object distance on the optical axis is equal to the equivalent focal length such as represented on Figure 1. If you want to know more about the maths, have a check at books like Shamir’s Optical Systems and Processes (Spie Optical Engineering, 1999).
Figure 2 gives a schematic representation of the equivalent lens which is then written as a line with arrows at each ends. The optical axis is perpendicular to the lens and passes by the lens centre. Furthermore, the lens has an equivalent diameter and focal length as discussed previously.
The quantity controlling the resolution of the system is the numerical aperture (NA) which is related to the maximum cone of light caught by the lens from an emitter that would be located at the position of the object:
following the notations of Figure 2.
The transversal resolution of the objective is then given by the Rayleigh criterion:
where ∆x is the smallest distance that can be resolved on the object plane and λ is the wavelength of the light used.
When buying a microscopy objective, the manufacturer will tell you the numerical aperture directly. For instance, the 4x Olympus Plan discussed previously has a numerical aperture of 0.1 which lead to ~3 µm of lateral resolution when using blue (475 nm) light. In the case of camera objectives, we have to use the f-number to compute the numerical aperture. Analysis of Figure 2 allows us to write a formula to transform the f-number, f/#, into a numerical aperture:
So, using blue light, a f/1.4 lens has a maximum transversal resolution of about 0.86 µm, a f/1.8 lens 1.08 µm, a f/2.8 lens 1.65 µm and so on. This was verified experimentally by manually closing the aperture of the Nikkor-S 50 mm to various f-stops using the aperture ring and repeating the experiment with a blue LED source (475 nm), a green one (525 nm) and a red one (625 nm). The effective resolution (at the camera sensor) was estimated for each case using the 2D Fourier spectrum of the image. The sample used is a resolution test target US Air Force 1951 which is a known standard for resolution measurements. Example images along with their Fourier spectrums are given for f/5.6 and f/16 as an illustration on Figure 3 (under blue light).
Although it is relatively difficult to estimate the resolution on the image directly, a look-up on the Fourier spectrum gives an accurate measurement of the highest spatial frequencies found in the image and therefore gives the transversal resolution of the system once the magnification ratio is known (4x here).
The complete results were summarized in Figure 4. As expected, smaller wavelengths gave sharper images than the longer ones and lower f-numbers gave better resolution too. However, I was not able to check the values below f/4 because the transversal resolution became smaller than the size of a pixel (the figure is given relative to the sample and so the size of a pixel was divided by the magnification ratio, i.e.: 5.2 µm/4).
Still, the Rayleigh criterion was verified for the other points except that the const factor was found to be 0.26 instead of 0.61. This can be explained by how the 0.61 factor was derived from the maths when compared to how we analyze resolution and it has little consequences here.
As a conclusion, the key quantity to select a camera lens as microscopy objective is its f-number. But because life is hard, low f-number lenses are larger, more difficult to manufacture and then, obviously more expensive. For example, the Nikkor AF-S 35 mm f/1.8 cost about $200US and the same lens but with f/1.4 goes above $1800US! Fortunately, there are good other camera lenses such as the Nikkor AF-S 50 mm f/1.4 and the Sigma 30 mm f/1.4 (untested) at about $400US. If you are lucky, you can even find a Nikkor-S Auto 50 mm f/1.4 for a little more than $100US on e-bay! But the real surprise comes here with the C-mount camera lens NAVTAR 6 mm f/1.4 that I have bought last year on [∞] ThorLabs for less than $150US and for which I have measured an effective transversal resolution of 0.89 µm (0.86 µm expected from the Rayleigh criterion) in the experiments done here with the resolution target.
You may ask: “why should I buy the NAVTAR 6 mm which is a bit more expensive than the Nikkor-S 50 mm knowing they have the same numerical aperture and hence the same transversal resolution?”
Well, this is true but you should remember that the magnification is given by the ratio of the objective and the tube lens focal lengths. Also, we are limited in the recording resolution by the size of the sensor pixels which is 5.2 µm here (it may be different for your camera sensor so remember to adapt the computations). To prevent aliasing from happening, we would like that the transversal resolution of the system span over at least 2 pixels. You can do more than two but you will reduce your field of view for no more details (this is called empty magnification). The ideal magnification ratio is then a function of the transversal resolution and the size of the pixel elements:
with psize the size of one pixel on the camera sensor and ∆x the transversal resolution.
If we apply the formula on our f/1.4 lenses, we get an ideal magnification ratio of 12.1 when using blue (475 nm) light and 5.2 µm pixels. With the 6 mm lens, this requires a tube lens of about 75 mm (75/6 = 12.5). On the other hand, with the 50 mm lens, we would have to use a 600 mm tube lens which is not realistic. To be more exact, it is not realistic but also not even wanted because at such distance the numerical aperture of the tube lens will decrease and we will start to impair the resolution due to this second lens. Mathematically speaking, we would like that the numerical aperture of the tube lens should be higher than the numerical aperture of the first lens divided by the magnification ratio. This is usually enforced with 2” lenses up to 200 mm.
As a conclusion, we should then favour small focal length over larger ones for a given f-number.
For this last reason, I would recommend the NAVTAR lens because it matches all the requirements of our system: small f-number and small focal length. So if you have some time, go check what lenses you can find for C-mount cameras, they definitively worth spending some money on them![⇈] Top of Page
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云南普洱茶之名为“云南普洱茶”，是因云南普洱府而得名。
普洱，云南的一个地名。唐代属银生府，清雍政七年（1729年）设置云南普洱府，辖思茅厅、六大茶山、橄榄坝、及江内、六版纳，并对江外车里定慰司实行羁縻管理。新中国建立后，1951年更名为云南普洱县，棣属云南省思茅地区。（现更名为云南省普洱市宁洱县）
清代云南普洱府辖一县三厅及车里宣慰司，既是府制，管理着云南西双版纳和思茅等地，又是贸易重镇，是滇西南茶业交易的重要市场。云南普洱府地域广大，处澜沧江中下游，年平均气温在17℃～22℃，年降雨量在1200～1800毫米，土壤PH值为4～6，属亚热带湿润气候型，当地海拔差异大，日照充足，雨量充沛，空气纯净、阳光通透，地杰物灵。其所辖之六大茶山出产的乔木型大叶种茶叶，茶多酚类物质、儿茶素、安基酸、咖啡碱和水浸物含量明显高于其他茶叶，这些物质对云南普洱茶的后发酵形成越陈越香的特点起着非常重要的作用。
云南普洱茶，因云南滇西南的大山深壑而成，因漫漫的茶马古道而成，因云南少数民族的自然朴拙而成。清初，云南普洱茶的初制主要是由茶农完成的。茶农们将采摘的茶叶杀青后在阳光下曝晒，先制成晒青毛茶；再经过蒸压成形，制成圆形紧茶。晒青毛茶与一般绿茶相比含水份最多，由于山高坡陡，茶叶在运出产地时要装入竹筐，为防止茶业是齑碎，须在包装前8小时左右喷洒少许清水，翻拌均匀，将茶潮软，这更加大了含水量。将这种晒青毛茶从产地运出，用人背大约12天，马驮大约6天，运到位于云南普洱府的集散地，此时，这批茶叶已基本完成了一个初步的冷发酵过程，由云南普洱茶生茶变成发酵较轻的云南普洱茶熟茶。在云南普洱或思茅的总店，一部份散茶挑拣后内销；一部分蒸压成饼茶，每七圆为一筒，外包笋叶，这时为使笋叶柔软也要将其浸湿，随后销往藏区或东南亚。从云南普洱经传统的茶马古道：云南普洱——景谷——景东——南涧——祥云——丽江——滇藏线到拉萨。这条路全程需要100多天，路途遥远，昼夜温差悬殊，一路风吹雨淋，漫漫马帮路使这些茶饼不断地缓慢冷发酵，形成了云南特有的后发酵云南普洱茶，其独特的陈香和浓醇的汤色尤受藏族同胞的喜爱，它的去膻去油腻的作用和消滞解毒的功效，在藏区留下了“宁可三日无肉，不可一日无茶”的古老谚语。云南普洱茶的形成，最初并不是有意为之，而是特定的地理、气候原因和特定的运输过程形成的产物。
云南普洱茶自然天成，超越了人类的主观设定，当初，这些工艺很难为人解读，造成了云南普洱茶的神秘感。
云南普洱茶最原始的解释就是云南普洱地方产的茶，它是指滇西南生长的云南大叶种茶制成的晒青毛茶和紧压茶经过后发酵而形成的云南普洱茶散茶和云南普洱茶紧压茶。云南普洱茶因地得名，云南普洱又因茶而闻名四方，这是明清以后云南普洱茶叶商贸繁荣的结果。
明朝万历年间（公元1620年），谢肇淛在《滇略》中记载“士庶所用，皆普茶也。蒸而成团”，这是云南普洱茶一名首次见诸文字。明末方以智在他的《物理小记》中记载“云南普洱茶蒸之成团，西蕃市之”。云南普洱茶一名正式有了文字可参。<|endoftext|>۳۰ نکته برای اینکه یک کارآفرین موفق باشید (بخش اول)
چطور می توان یک کارآفرین موفق بود؟ چه کارآفرینی باشید که در تلاش برای راه اندازی کسب و کار خود هستید و چه یک کارآفرین با تجربه… داشتن یک شرکت به شما آزادی جدی می دهد. شما می توانید مستقیماً رشد کسب و کاری را که با دستان خود ایجاد کرده اید تماشا کنید.
در همان زمان، کارآفرینان تصمیمات خود را می گیرند، راه حل هایی برای مشکلات پیدا می کنند و آنها را عملی می کنند. به عبارت دیگر، کارآفرینی هم از نظر مالی و هم از نظر معنوی امری بسیار رضایت بخش است.
در مورد نرم افزار مدیریت امور سهام بیشتر بدانید.
۳۰ نکته برای یک کارآفرین موفق
اگر می خواهید کارآفرین موفق تری شوید، در جای درستی قرار دارید. زیرا در چندین مقاله ما در مورد ۳۰ روش مختلف برای افزایش میزان موفقیت به شما خواهیم گفت.
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سرسخت باشید
سخت بودن به معنای صبر و استقامت است. به عبارت دیگر، وقتی همه به شما می گویند “نه، نمی توانید”، باید اراده خاصی از خود نشان دهید و همچنان بتوانید به دنبال اهداف خود بروید. اگر میخواهید یک کارآفرین موفق باشید، باید سرسخت هم باشید. زیرا تا زمانی که سخت کوشی و پشتکار وجود داشته باشد، هیچ کاری نمی توانید به عنوان یک کارآفرین انجام دهید.
در مورد نرم افزار اسناد بخوانید.
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با خودتان رقابت کنید
اگر می خواهید یک کارآفرین موفق باشید، باید با خودتان رقابت کنید و هر روز نسبت به روز قبل خود را ارتقا دهید. حتی اگر کسی شما را مجبور نمی کند، باید خودتان را مجبور کنید. چالش ها برای رشد و توسعه کارآفرینان حیاتی هستند. شما نمی توانید خود را با زندگی در یک فضای راحت بهبود بخشید.
مثلا…شما به باشگاه می روید و می خواهید عضلات بازو را توسعه دهید. اگر با وزنه ۲۰ پوندی شروع کنید، مشکلات زیادی خواهید داشت. اما اگر با ۱۰ و ۱۵ کیلو به تدریج کار کنید بعد از مدتی ۲۰ کیلو برای شما مشکلی ایجاد نمی کند. رقابت با خودتان اساسیترین کلید برای دستیابی تدریجی به چیزی است که زمانی غیرممکن میدانستید.
در مورد نرم افزار مدیریت سهام بیشتر بدانید.
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پرشور باشید
اگر کاری را که انجام می دهید دوست ندارید، آن کار را رها کنید. ساده است! به عنوان یک کارآفرین، باید زمان زیادی را صرف کسب و کار خود کنید و فداکاری های مختلفی انجام دهید. اما اگر کاری را که دوست دارید انجام می دهید، آن را به عنوان یک سرمایه گذاری می بینید. در حالی که کاری را انجام می دهید که دوست ندارید، می توانید به سرعت تسلیم شوید و خسته شوید. از نظر روحی نیز راضی نخواهید شد.
به موفق ترین کارآفرینان جهان فکر کنید. آنها هرگز بازنشسته نمی شوند، هرگز خسته نمی شوند. با وجود داشتن میلیاردها دلار، هر روز صبح ساعت ۶ بیدار می شوند تا به سر کار بروند. چون به کاری که انجام می دهند اشتیاق دارند.
در مورد برنامه مدیریت امور سهام بیشتر بدانید.
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کارآفرین موفق: ریسک کنید
مردم تمایل دارند از ریسک کردن اجتناب کنند، اما کارآفرینی ذاتاً ریسک پذیر است. این ماهیت این تجارت است. کارآفرینان موفق همچنین می دانند چه زمانی باید و چه زمانی نباید ریسک کنند. بنابراین
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منزلهی قابلیتها و ممیزاتی جهانشمول و آفاقی و قابلمفهومسازی، بیفایده و محتوم به شکست بوده است؟
2. آیا، درنتیجه، به نظر نمیرسد که اساساً بحث و کاوش مفهومسازانه دربارهی مقولهی استدلال، به منزلهی مفهومی جهانشمول و آفاقی، نه فقط بیفایده که، بنیاناً نابجا بوده و از ابتدا غلط تصورشده است؟
3. آیا به نظر نمیرسد که، به عوض پرسش از قابلیت یا فاعلیتهای جهانشمول و آفاقی استدلالها، باید از چگونگی و میزان قانع(متقاعد) شدگی یا ترغیب شدگی انسانها پرسش کرد؟
4. آیا به نظر نمیرسد که با توجه به گستردگی، پیچیدگی، و تنوع بیکران انسانها، تعیین چگونگی و میزان قانع(متقاعد)شدگی یا ترغیبشدگی انسانها امری بینهایت دشوار، عملاً تعمیمناپذیر، و نهایتاً بیفایده و بیثمر خواهد بود؟
5. آیا با توجه به مراتب فوق به نظر نمیرسد که به عوض مفهومسازی دربارهی استدلال، ثمربخشتر است که انسانها صرفاً با هم تعامل کنند؛ همان کاری که همهی صنوف مردمِ همهی فرهنگها و تمدنها، من جمله فیلسوفان، بیتوجه به توصیهها و تحکّمهای فیلسوفان همواره بدان پرداختهاند؛ تعاملی فراگیر و ذوابعاد، شامل گفتگو، و البته هر فرد به نحو اجتنابناپذیری موافق موازین و هنجارهای فرهنگیـاجتماعی و حالات قلبی خویش؟ و این، یعنی:
الف) تعامل میان انسانها را در چارچوب گفتگوی قاعدهمند استدلالی اقناعی و ترغیبی یا برد و باختی محصور نکنیم.
ب) در سطحی فرودینتر، تعامل میان انسانها را در چارچوب گفتگوی قاعدهمند محصور نکنیم.
ج) و باز هم بنیانیتر، تعامل میان انسانها را در چارچوب گفتگو محصور نکنیم. انسانها آن چنان موجودات پیچیده، ذوابعاد، گریزپا، غنی، حصرشکن، و کثیرالاهدافی هستند که نمیتوان برای تعامل آنها حد و حصری، و قواعدی لازمالاتباع تقنین و الزام کرد. کافی است قدری به آنها با دقت بیشتری بنگریم!
و سخن آخر اینکه، امکان دارد به نظر برخی چنین آید که: مگر خود این بحثهایی که در این نوشتار آمده، استدلال نیست؟ و اگر چه نویسندهی آنها از واژهی استدلال استفاده نکرده؛ لیکن در عمل، خود مبادرت به استدلال کرده، برای برخی نظرات یا مواضع، اقامهی دلیل کرده و علیه برخی دیگر نیز دلایلی ارائه کرده است.
به نظر من، چنین اعتراض یا انتقادی کاملاً مسموع و شاید حتی، با تلقیای از استدلال، مقبول هم باشد. اما پیش از هر چیز باید تکلیف چیستی مفهوم استدلال را روشن کرد، کاری که من در این نوشتار سعی کردهام نشان بدهم که شدنی نیست. با این وصف، و بدون اینکه خود و منتقد فرضیام را گرفتار تکرار بحثهای فوق کنم، و بدون اینکه تلاش کنم اجزاء تلقی منتقد فرضیام از استدلال و اقامهی دلیل را ترسیم کنم باید تصریح کنم: اینکه فردی این بحث و تحلیل را استدلالی بداند و یا فردی هم پیدا شود که این بحث و گفتگو را استدلالی نداند که کاملاً امکانپذیر است هیچ تفاوتی نمیکند. من فقط به منتقد فرضی اولیام گوشزد میکنم که به منتقد فرضی دومی توجه کند که این بحث و تحلیل را ابداً استدلالی یا حاوی استدلال نمیداند. و به منتقد فرضی دوم هم موضع منتقد فرضی اول را گوشزد میکنم.
اما عاقبتالامر، من خود بر چه موضعم؟ اولاً، باور ندارم که آنچه در این نوشتار آمده است مطالبی را اثبات کرده3 و، در نتیجه، همهی خوانندگان اقناع و یا اسکات میشوند. اضافهکنم که بنیاناً بر این عقیده نیستم که مطلبی که به واسطه «استدلال» اثبات شده باشد، همه و یا حتی برخی از خوانندگان یا شنوندگان خود را قانع یا ساکت کند! ابداً! ثانیاً، باور ندارم که همهی خوانندگان قانع(متقاعد) یا ترغیب میشوند، بلکه با توجه به سیطرهی فرهنگ به شدت یونانیـمدرنیستی معاصر، بسیار بعید است بیش از انگشتشماری قانع یا ترغیب شوند. ثالثاً، به نظرم چندان و بلکه ابداً مهم نیست که این نوشتار را برخی استدلالی و برخی کاملاً غیراستدلالی بدانند و بنامند. و از این تکاندهندهتر و البته قابلانتظارتر، رابعاً، چندان و بلکه ابداً مهم نیست که خود این نوشتار را استدلالی میدانم یا غیراستدلالی. این که استدلالی بدانند(یا بدانم) یا غیراستدلالی، به خودی خود مهم و تعیینکننده نیست. آنچه اما تعیینکننده است آن مبنایی است که این ارزیابی حاصل و تابع آن است، ارزیابیای که، به تبع، مقبولیت این نوشتار را رقم میزند. و بالاخره، خامساً، مرا هیچ دخل و تصرفی دربارهی آن «مبنا» متصور نیست.
پی نوشت:
* قسمت دوم این مقاله در شماره آینده خواهد آمد.
2- عجالتاً این شیوهی کار نامطلوب را مصادره به مطلوب میکنیم و تحلیل و واکاوی نامطلوبیت آن را به فرصت دیگری محول میکنیم.
3- در اینجا فرض کردهام که «اثبات» معنا و مفهوم مشخص، معین، و محصّل واحدی برای همگان دارد!!
حیث التفاتی شناخت ما ناظر به موضوعی جزئی و بخشی نیست؛ بلکه ناظر به کلیت جامعه است. شناخت کلنگر ما با حرکت از ظاهر به باطن جامعه حاصل میشود و لذا منطق حاکم بر محتوای ما اینگونه شده است:
مجلهی سوره نیز سرنوشتی پیوند خورده با سرنوشت انقلاب و فراز و فرودهای آن داشته است و او نیز تنها زمانی میتواند خود را از گرفتار شدن در دام زمانه برهاند و انقلاب اسلامی را همراهی کند که متوجهی باطن و همگام با تحولاتی از جنس انقلاب باشد. تلاشمان این است که خود را از غفلت برهانیم، برای همین به دور از هرگونه توجیه و تئوریپردازی برای توسعهی تغافل، میگوئیم که سوره «آیینه»ی ماست. از سوره همان برون تراود که در اوست. تلاشمان این است که بهجای اصل گرفتن «ژورنالیسم حرفهای»، یعنی مهارت در بهکارگیری فنون، تحول باطنی و تعالی فکری را پیشه کنیم. نمیخواهیم خود را به تکنیسین سرعت، دقت و اثر فرو بکاهیم. کار حرفهای بر مدار مُد میچرخد و مُد بر مدار ذائقهی بشری و ذائقه بر مدار طبع ضعیف انسان و این سیر و حرکت، ناگزیر قهقرایی است.
شماره 87-86 مجله فرهنگی تحلیلی سوره اندیشه منتشر شد
شماره جدید مجله سوره اندیشه نیز بهمانند پنجشش شماره اخیرش، موضوعی محوری دارد که کل مطالب مجله حولوحوش آن میچرخد. موضوع بیستویکمین شماره سوره اندیشه، «نقد» است؛ موضوعی که شعار بیستویکمین نمایشگاه مطبوعات نیز قرار گرفته است. نقد، موضوع مناقشهبرانگیزی است که بسیاری از مجادلات سیاسی و فرهنگی ما، از روشن نبودن مفهوم آن ناشی میشود؛ تا جایی که منتقد را به جرم مفسدهانگیزیاش خاموش میکنند. کار منتقد، حرف زدن است ولی نقد، منتظر شنیده شدن نیست. اینجا است که تفاوت منتقد با معترض و مخالف و مصلح و مفسد روشن میشود.<|endoftext|>California English Journal
Teaching Stories: The Importance of Shared Inquiry in Beginning
Throughout the year, these teachers made observations about their individual experiences that led them to tacit understandings about themselves as teachers. Their shared inquiry helped them bring what they were learning about teaching to a conscious level. Vinz, p. 238
And if I know anything, I know how to survive, how to remake the world in story. Allison, p. 4
Listen to this conversation, overheard one night in an Irish pub.
"People at my school keep asking me, How late do you stay after school? I say, Oh, usually until three-thirty or four. They ask, And then do you go home and make lesson plans and mark papers? Yeah, usually, but sometimes I might go out. Well, if you keep up at that pace, you're gonna burn out. At the end of this year you're gonna quit. You're never gonna get any better, and you're just gonna get worse and you're gonna burn out."
Kirsten, a first-year teacher, is reenacting for her neighbors a conversation she has had recently at her school.
"Is that what they say to you?" Coming from Dave, who taught several years in public schools, it is a rhetorical question. He is grimly unsurprised.
"Who is this who's telling you this? Who is this person?" Andrew, who is teaching high school for the first time this year, is still a little bit surprised.
"I've had four different teachers . . ." Kirsten becomes a mimic: "If you don't get a mentor, if you don't start going to the teacher's cafeteria, if you don't start associating with other teachers who can help you, you're gonna burn out.
Kirsten rotates her beer stein on the table. "I mean, yeah, I spend a lot of time thinking about teaching! Yeah, I spend a lot of time thinking about my students. But I didn't sign up to be a teacher so I could be like, Oops, two-forty, gotta go. I can only have forty-five minutes, that's my prep, forty-five minutes of grading papers, so everything I do better fit into that period of time. I never thought that's what it was gonna be."
"It's just how threatened people feel," offers Cammie.
"These are some common themes in the slight literature on first-year teachers, the themes of, a) isolation, and b)--and this isn't just new teachers--it's the threat of new ideas, and a kind of vicious response to it from more burned-out teachers, or traditional teachers who are more experienced." Dave is sounding a little like a university professor. As it happens, he is a professor, in an English Education program at a local university, where the others have been methods students, two of them with Dave as their teacher. "They want to disabuse you of all these liberal notions, that you can individualize instruction, that you can do whole language, that you can do process approaches to instruction, that you can create a workshop in the classroom, all that stuff. They think they've seen that before."
Isolation is obviously a problem for new teachers. The other teachers at Kirsten's school correctly suggest that to isolate yourself is to hasten burn-out. However, as Kirsten has made clear, if she were to take her colleagues' advice and simply conform to the status quo at her school, abandon the approach to teaching that she finds personally compelling, this would also be a route to burn-out. What is the path running between these two unacceptable alternatives? Is it a prefabricated path? Or is it a path made "by walking?" (Horton and Freire, 1990).
Some school systems have taken steps to find such a path, pairing new teachers with mentors who dispense advice on everything from lesson-planning, to dealing with behavior problems, to where to buy an inexpensive lunch. And, more often than not, veteran teachers, thinking of the plagues they had to endure at the outset of their careers, wish they could vaccinate new teachers with some distillation of their experience. They give unsolicited advice.
The meeting at the bar, which took place in January of 1999, was no accident. It was engineered by Dave and Tony as an encore to an experiment in collaborative planning they carried out the previous spring when they each taught sections of English Methods. Their object was to bring together a group of first-year teachers to meet on a regular basis during their first year of teaching. They invited four students, Andrew, Cammie, Kirsten and Nancy, to participate. These four did not teach at the same schools, and they did not teach the same grade levels, but all four had demonstrated an interest in how democratic practices find a place (or don't) in the secondary English classroom. They also chose them, as Dave explained, by asking themselves, "Who would we most like to spend a year with, hanging out in a bar, drinking beer and talking about teaching?" Ultimately, they wanted to create a community of first year teachers who would support each other in whatever ways those teachers thought necessary. So it was less about advice for new teachers these two veteran teachers had to share than a series of occasions for mutual exploration of whatever teaching issues came up for them in the process of learning to teach, occasions that were more about creating supportive relationships-even friendship--than providing technical expertise.
At the first meeting in late June of 1998, after a semester of student teaching, in (of course) an Irish pub, the following exchange took place:
Dave: Well, it's an interesting move, the creation of supportive communities. You four might not have chosen to be in the same space at the same time. You might have chosen three other people you were absolutely comfortable crying in front of, and what we've done is something different. We just take four of the people in our classrooms with whom we felt most comfortable and put them together. You may not feel initially comfortable, but I'm still hopeful as a teacher that it can still happen, still work, as a supportive community.
Cammie: Part of me feels too far removed from conversations like this, in that, I already feel like I need it and I couldn't imagine a year without it. I think, if you don't set aside time like this it is really hard, in the flurry of things, to make the time for it. At the same time, there's a part of me. . . I kind of want to run away from it all and just close the door and be a teacher for a year by myself. It's not that when I'm in the classroom now I'm not conscious of what I'm doing and the mistakes I make. So part of me feels like, I don't need somebody else helping me figure out the mistakes I'm making, or how to fix them, because I know.
Nancy: Right, as a new teacher you're very conscious. You're hyper-conscious.
Cammie: And I feel like all of us here are that way. Nonetheless, most of the time I feel like this is something I need, but, sometimes I'm all too frustrated and I'm like, Uhn! Yeah, just let me go to sleep or something, you know what I mean?
Kirsten: I feel very lucky this year, and I feel lucky in my life, that two of my closest friends and my mother are all teachers. So I could never seem to avoid talking about teaching. On some days it's good, and some days it's bad, but I really do feel like it is needed. I mean, I look forward to these meetings just to feel the network and support that is out of your school, so you don't just fall into conversations that are only about kids and parents. Those kinds of conversations don't necessarily work out in the same way as this.
Cammie: Right, right.
Nancy: About the issue of not necessarily choosing this group, it's a really interesting concept because, [to Dave] you kind of touched on it, we ask our kids to do that all the time. We put them in groups and we say, work together. But we as teachers are outside the group, and we can never experience that. But to continue that kind of experience is valuable, because we are constantly asking our students to do that, constantly asking them to produce in groups when they may or may not choose these people to socialize with. So it's kind of interesting to come together in a quasi-social setting, and try to do some democratic process.
Like campers around a bonfire late at night, we kept each other 'awake,' or conscious, by telling stories. As a distillation of experience, the story has this advantage over the piece of unsolicited advice: the storyteller distills his or her own experience, for his or her own use. Curiously, while listening to the story, the others sometimes find that an altered perspective on their own experience is a sweet byproduct of the distillation process.
Advice often has the disadvantage of conferring to the recipient the burden of either taking or ignoring it. In light of how strenuous the work of teaching is to begin with, we did not give each other more work to do. Instead, we unburdened ourselves.
At a meeting in September, after the first week of school, Kirsten gets the group rolling. "I had the worst first day," she says. "People told me, It's seventh grade! It'll be all right. They re all going to be afraid of you. Yeah, right. They're not afraid of anything at all. It was terrible. I understand what I did wrong the first day, which I corrected the second day, which went much better. The third day I did a mix between the stuff I did right and the stuff I did wrong, which made it a mixed day."
"Can you talk about that?" Dave asks. "What do you mean, what you did 'wrong'?"
"Well, the first day, you go in there all excited, and you go in there totally emotionally involved already with these kids you don't even know, or at least I was. So I was all, We're going to have a great time! And they were just like, Yeah? Well, f*** you. So then I got upset, and flustered, and tried to do this This is disappointing approach, and they're like, Yeah, right, this IS disappointing, and I'm getting mad, and they're really like, Whoo-oo, we got her pissed off on the very first day!
So, on the second day, I didn't raise my voice, very calm, very level-headed, like nothing fazed me, and whew they were good. Then today, the intercom system--I want to kill it!--flustered me all the time, and there was a fire drill in the middle of a two period class that they didn't tell me about, so my plans got cut in half
|
11 | 4 | 0 |
-12
关键词：
socionext
视频编码器
aws
-
AWS已宣布其Bottlerocket容器操作系统全面上市。 Bottlerocket是专门设计用于运行软件容器的开源Linux发行版。
该Linux发行版不仅设计为运行容器，使应用可以在多个计算环境中运行，而且还可以运行一系列其他工作负载，以支持大量用例所面临的组件难于管理的挑战。
据AWS介绍，开发Bottlerocket时，AWS舍弃许多标准Linux组件，只保留了运行基于容器的工作负载所需的组件，从而创建了一个易于管理且更安全的操作系统。因为Bottlerocket采用精简的代码库，来减少潜在的系统弱点，从而提升了安全性。
比如，AWS还采取了许多其他防护措施来帮助系统阻止威胁。AWS的工程师用Rust语言编写了Bottlerocket的大部分内容，与主要编写Linux内核的C语言相比，它不容易发生缓冲区溢出漏洞。
此外，AWS还增强了Bottlerocket抵抗持久性威胁的能力。持久性威胁(也称为持久性恶意软件)是一种恶意程序，可以获取对操作系统关键组件的访问权并利用这些组件隐藏其踪迹。
据介绍，Bottlerocket通过使用一种名为dm-verity的Linux内核特性来降低这种攻击的风险。该功能可以检测操作系统的某些部分，可能在未经许可的情况下被修改，这是一种发现隐藏的持久性威胁的可靠方法。
AWS表示，Bottlerocket还实施了一种操作模式，通过阻止管理人员连接到生产服务器，进一步提高了安全性，管理员账户通常可以广泛访问云实例，这使他们成为黑客的目标。登录到单个Bottlerocket实例的行为是为了高级调试和故障排除而进行的一种不常见的操作。
Bottlerocket的另一个目标是简化操作系统更新，从而简化容器的运行。将操作系统更改部署到运行任务关键型应用程序的容器环境是有风险的，因为rollout的问题可能导致停机。考虑到这一点，AWS在Bottlerocket中建立了一个名为原子更新(atomic
updates)的功能，该功能允许管理员在操作系统更改导致错误时安全地撤销更改。
目前，Bottlerocket已经在Github开源，包括标准的开源代码组件，如Linux内核，容器化容器运行时等。还有所有设计文档，代码，构建工具，测试和文档都托管在GitHub上。
时间：2020-09-08
关键词：
Linux
容器
aws
-
AWS宣布推出一项新服务，这项服务可以让用户使用量子计算模拟器并进行实验，还可以从D-Wave、IonQ和Rigetti访问量子硬件。
AWS在有关服务的一份声明中说，托管服务Amazon Braket为客户提供了一个开发环境，在该环境中，他们可以探索和构建量子算法，在量子电路模拟器上对其进行测试，并在不同的量子硬件技术上运行它们。Braket服务包括预装了Amazon Braket SDK和示例教程的Jupyter笔记本。
根据AWS的说法，Braket提供了对完全托管的高性能量子电路仿真器的访问，该仿真器使用户可以使用单行代码来测试和验证电路。此外，作为本地AWS服务，可以通过AWS管理控制台管理Braket。
这个服务是以量子力学braket中的标准符号命名的，它是由保罗·狄拉克在1939年提出的，用来描述量子系统的状态，也被称为狄拉克符号。
AWS表示说：“量子计算有潜力解决经典计算机无法解决的计算问题，它利用量子力学定律以新的方式处理信息。这种计算方法可以改变化学工程、材料科学、药物发现、金融投资组合优化和机器学习等领域。但是，定义这些问题并编程量子计算机来解决它们需要新的技能，如果不方便使用量子计算硬件，这些技能很难获得。”
在有关Braket的博客中，AWS首席传播者Jeff Barr表示，客户应注意一些有关Braket的事情：
· 量子计算是一个新兴领域。“尽管你们中有些人已经是专家，但是我们其余的人需要一些时间来理解概念和技术，并弄清楚如何使用它们。”
· 通过Amazon Braket访问的[量子处理单元] QPU支持两种不同的范例。IonQ和Rigetti QPU和仿真器支持基于电路的量子计算，而D-Wave QPU支持量子退火。您不能在支持另一个QPU的QPU上运行为一个范例设计的问题，因此您需要尽早选择适当的QPU。
· 每个任务将产生针对每个任务的费用以及针对所使用的QPU类型的特定的每次拍摄费用。使用模拟器会产生按小时计费的费用，按秒计费，最少15秒。有关更多信息，请查看 Amazon Braket定价。
推出Amazon Braket之前，IBM，Microsoft，QC Ware， 谷歌，霍尼韦尔和其他正在发展中的市场也推出了类似的量子服务。例如，Tractica的研究人员预测，到2030年，企业量子计算市场的年总收入将达到91亿美元，高于2018年的1.116亿美元。模拟复杂数据，提高效率或优化系统或过程，并更精确地解决问题。”
Gartner称量子计算是未来五年内最具潜力的颠覆性技术之一，它指出量子计算机的并行执行和指数可扩展性意味着它们能够克服传统方法过于复杂的问题，或者传统算法需要太长时间才能找到的问题一个办法。汽车，金融，保险，制药，军事和研究等行业受益于量子计算的进步。Gartner表示，大多数组织应该了解并监督2022年之前的质量控制，并可能从2023年或2025年开始使用它。
时间：2020-09-08
关键词：
量子计算
amazon
aws
-
Bottlerocket并不是第一个被简化为最高效容器的操作系统。
但是，由于它与行业领先的公共云本机服务紧密集成，因此可以快速采用它并创造大量的合作机会。 以及创新的安全功能和升级。
“我们是运行容器化工作负载的客户的最大目的地之一，”领导AWS开源工作的Peder
Ulander告诉CRN。其中包括企业自我管理协调器(如Kubernetes或Docker Swarm)，或选择托管的AWS容器服务Amazon Elastic
Kubernetes Services(EKS)和Amazon Elastic Container Services(ECS)。
尽管该项目由亚马逊牵头，并专注于亚马逊的云，但Bottlerocket是开源的，可以部署在任何地方：本地，任何竞争性公共云，网络边缘，甚至是非容器化环境(例如AWS
EC2实例)乌兰德说。
Bottlerocket已在Beta预览版中发布了大约三个月，并且在那时，AWS的大多数公认容器客户都已在一定程度上部署了它。Ulander说，在内部，Amazon
SageMaker背后的团队也一直与Bottlerocket开发人员密切合作，以优化AWS机器学习平台。
Kasten产品负责人Gaurav Rishi说，新的操作系统为亚马逊的技术和渠道合作伙伴创造了巨大的机会。
Rishi表示：“这对渠道商来说是个好消息，因为这不仅强调了供应商正在加倍进行与容器相关的创新，而且这些创新还可以帮助客户简化操作，以实现云原生世界中的业务连续性。”
CRN。
减肥的好处
Ulander说：“ Bottlerocket是一种精简版Linux，已针对运行您的容器主机进行了优化。”
AWS及其在GitHub上培育的开发者社区已经淘汰了支持容器部署所需的Linux内核功能;精简的OS可以创建较小的攻击面，从而提高安全性，并减小安装空间，从而降低资源利用率和成本。
Kasten产品负责人Rishi表示，Bottlerocket的效率，安全性和成本优化将鼓励更多企业进行云转型。
Rishi告诉CRN：“随着容器和Kubernetes的普及，云原生技术为渠道生态系统中的合作伙伴和其他合作者带来了重大机遇。”
他说，Bottlerocket“打开了一个全新的世界，更多的公司可以利用云原生功能来推动巨大的销售机会。”
AWS在实现向现代体系结构转变的过程中发挥了基础性作用，并且云领导者一直在与Kasten等合作伙伴合作，以刺激对尖端解决方案的更多投资，这些尖端解决方案可确保部署后的平稳运行(第2天管理和安全性)，实现无缝业务连续性。
“火箭是这些创新进步之一，” Rishi说。
轻量级Linux环境
Bottlerocket的开发是受用于构建Amazon Linux的类似逻辑激励的，该逻辑利用了围绕安全性，编排和监视的本机AWS功能。
“这是那种东西的一种还原，”乌兰德说。
但是Bottlerocket并不是第一个为容器构建的Linux。
RedOS于2018年收购的CoreOS是该类别的先驱，其他选项包括Alpine，RancherOS和Talos。
乌兰德说，这些都是好产品。
他说，使Bottlerocket脱颖而出的原因在于，它具有加入本机AWS托管容器服务(EKS和ECS)的能力。
“德克萨斯州奥斯汀的AWS渠道合作伙伴Flux7(NTT DATA)的解决方案架构师布雷迪汤普森(Brady
Thompson)说：“类似的容器操作系统和Bottlerocket之间的区别在于，亚马逊已经对其进行了优化，使其可以在AWS上执行并与其他AWS服务集成。公司。
汤普森说，还有其他差异，尤其是在安全性和可升级性方面。
汤普森告诉CRN USA，其他轻量级Linux发行版“都非常少，这意味着它们将仅附带运行容器所需的绝对软件。”
本机AWS集成
Ulander告诉CRN USA：“与AWS服务集成是使它与众不同的原因，并且可能是为什么有人希望这与CoreOS或Alpine无关的原因。”
Bottlerocket是为EKS和ECS提供动力的。但这不是必须的，这两个AWS本地托管容器服务的用户仍然可以选择操作系统。
Ulander期望一些客户希望继续使用其他Linux版本，例如CentOS。
但是他鼓励现在运行带有这些托管容器服务的Amazon Linux的大多数AWS客户迁移到Bottlerocket。
“谁不想要更好的安全性，更好的速度和更低的价格，”乌兰德说。
他说，AWS越能减轻资源负载，那些分布式应用程序的性能就越好。
“最终，它是一个容器主机，没有运行您的应用程序，” Ulander告诉CRN。“这不会破坏您作为开发人员的应用程序，但会破坏您的体验。”
同时，尽管Bottlerocket是由AWS领导并与Amazon的云集成的一项工作，但它可以部署在大多数计算环境中。
“这是Linux发行版。在另一个不同的云中，您仍然需要选择您的容器主机操作系统应该是什么，” Ulander说。
安全性和更新
除了与AWS本地服务集成之外，Bottlerocket还提供了一些独特的好处，尤其是在安全性和易于更新软件方面。
Ulander说，更新不是一个包一个包地介绍，而是介绍了该过程的所有步骤，而是“整头猪”。
他对CRN USA说：“对于容器主机操作系统，您不希望它具有超级灵活性并具有多个软件包。”
Thompson表示，Flux7很高兴看到AWS及其开发人员社区在开发容器OS时遵循安全第一的方法。
汤普森告诉CRN USA：“亚马逊删除了所有外壳和解释程序，消除了被外壳利用或用户意外升级特权的风险。”
默认情况下，启用策略以强制容器和内核之间分离。二进制文件带有强化标志，以防止用户或程序执行它们。汤普森说，如果用户可以闯入文件系统，那么Bottlerocket提供了一种工具来验证和跟踪所做的任何更改。
汤普森说，为了改善安装更新的过程，亚马逊利用了TUF(更新框架)，该工具将基于映像的升级下载到备用或“卸载”分区。
他说，另一个工具可以切换分区优先级，甚至可以在出现故障时退回。“这使得操作系统可以一步升级，而无需重新启动，也不会因为存在问题而导致程序包升级而导致程序包升级，并使操作系统处于未知状态。”
汤普森指出，还可以使用Kubernetes运算符自动触发更新，也可以通过API手动触发更新。
为什么要开源?
亚马逊开源的Bottlerocket“因为我们认为这是一个更大的事情，许多客户实际上可以在自己的环境中使用它，”乌兰德说。
开源模型提供了一致性，从在便携式计算机上运行测试工作负载的开发人员到完整的数据中心生产部署，再到在两个托管AWS容器服务ECS和EKS上运行的一致性。
由于Bottlerocket基于最新的Linux内核，因此希望优化OS的合作伙伴和客户可以为该项目做出贡献。Ulander说，这使Bottlerocket“成为一个非常强大的合作伙伴，他们希望在自己的解决方案中包括并分发这些软件包。”
从这个意义上讲，它类似于AWS对Firecracker所做的工作，Firecracker是为虚拟机和无服务器功能开发的云技术。
Flux7的Thompson指出，Bottlerocket是“由AWS开发和提供的少数几个Amazon Machine
Image之一，它是开源的”，它使合作伙伴可以灵活地创建自定义变体以满足他们的特定需求。
汤普森说，甚至AWS都提供了各种不同的变体，可以使用Bottlerocket并将其与软件和文件系统的组合打包在一起，以满足特定的用例。
时间：2020-09-08
关键词：
Linux
botterrocket
aws
-
随着我们的客户越来越多地使用容器来运行其工作负载，设计Linux发行版以从头开始运行容器已经变得很流行。 例如，Compact Alpine
Research，Redhat的CoreOS和其他操作系统用于运行容器。
日前著名云厂商亚马逊宣布，发布自己的容器Linux发行版Bottlerocket。Bottlerocket立足于安全性，操作和规模管理，使用它能够自动管理数千个运行容器的主机。
Bottlerocket，本质上是一个新Linux发行版，用来跑容器。他内置了安全性增强功能有助于简化安全性合规性，并提供事务更新机制使使用容器编排器自动化操作系统更新并降低运营成本。
Bottlerocket目前已在GitHub创建开源组，并全开源。今天我们就一起来了解一下这个系统。
技术架构
Bottlerocket的开发源于，Amazon AWS云中客户如何使用Amazon Linux运行容器以及从运行服务(例如AWS
Fargate)中学到的知识来设计和构建的。在设计中，充分对Bottlerocket进行了优化，以提高安全性，性能并简化维护流程。
最少组件、SELinux增强
Bottlerocket中只包含运行容器所需的软件，以减少安全攻击面，从而提高了安全性。除了使用标准Linux内核技术在容器化工作负载(例如控制组(cgroup)，名称空间和seccomp)之间实现隔离之外，还以强制模式使用安全性增强的Linux(SELinux)来增强容器与主机操作系统之间的隔离。
Device-mapper和eBPF
Bottlerocket使用Device-mapper的verity目标(dm-verity)，这是一种Linux内核功能，可提供完整性检查，以帮助防止攻击者在操作系统上持续存在威胁，例如覆盖核心系统软件。
Bottlerocket Linux内核中包括了eBPF，这减少了许多低级系统操作对内核模块的需求。
Rust开发
Bottlerocket的大部分内容都是用Rust编写的，Rust是一种现代编程语言，可帮助确保线程安全并防止与内存相关的错误，例如可能导致安全漏洞的缓冲区溢出。
隔离容器管理
Bottlerocket还通过阻止与生产服务器的管理连接来实施可进一步提高安全性的操作模型。它适用于限制对单个主机的控制的大型分布式环境。
为了进行调试，可以使用Bottlerocket的API运行"管理容器"(通过用户数据或AWS Systems
Manager调用)，然后使用SSH登录以进行高级调试和故障排除。admin容器是Amazon Linux
2容器映像，包含用于对Bottlerocket进行故障排除和调试的实用程序，并以提升的特权运行。它允许安装和使用标准调试工具，例如traceroute，strace，tcpdump。登录到单个Bottlerocket实例的行为旨在作为高级调试和故障排除的操作。
自动更新
Bottlerocket通过使节点的管理和对集群中节点的自动更新更加容易，从而大规模地提高了操作和可管理性。与旨在支持以各种格式打包的应用程序的通用Linux发行版不同，Bottlerocket是专门为运行容器而构建的。对其他通用Linux发行版的更新是在逐个软件包的基础上应用的，它们的软件包之间的复杂依赖关系可能导致错误，从而使流程难以实现自动化。
操作灵活
Bottlerocke以原子方式应用和回滚更新，这使得它们易于自动化，从而减少了管理开销并降低了运营
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در نظر بگیرید که تاپ مجلسی گشاد را به هم متصل کند.
استایل تابستانی با پارچههای طبیعی
پنبه، کتان و ابریشم همگی پارچه های قابل تنفسی هستند که به شما کمک می کنند در گرمای خشک یا رطوبت خنک بمانید. پنبه دارای انواع جالبی مانند seersucker و chambray برای ظاهری شیک است.
از نظر پارچه های مصنوعی، ترکیبات مصنوعی در آب و هوای مرطوب به خوبی کار می کنند، در حالی که ریون در شرایط خشک ایده آل است زیرا بسیار سبک وزن است.
محافظت در برابر آفتاب
کرم ضد آفتاب در حالت ایدهآل باید دارای فاکتور محافظت از آفتاب حداقل ۱۵ باشد که ۹۳ درصد از اشعه UVB را مسدود میکند، اما ایدهآل SPF 30 یا بالاتر است که تقریباً ۹۷ درصد از اشعههای مضر UVB را مسدود میکند.
رنگ های جفت کلاسیک
وقتی به تابستان فکر می کنم، همیشه سبک های دریایی را تصور می کنم. سرمه ای و سفید با اکسسوری های زرد در اکثر رنگ های پوست باکلاس و جذاب است. خاکستری با رنگ روشن متضاد همیشه شیک به نظر می رسد. در واقع، من فکر می کنم خاکستری رنگ مشکی جدید ما در تابستان است. ما می توانیم آن را در هر مهمانی زنانه ای بپوشیم.
مراقب باشید رنگ خاکستری را متناسب با رنگ پوستتان انتخاب کنید. با وجود اینکه رنگ خاکستری خنثی است، رنگ خاکستری می تواند یک تن گرم یا سرد باشد، بنابراین رنگی را انتخاب کنید که چشمان شما را درخشان می کند و پوست شما را درخشان می کند. یک ترکیب رنگ آسان که همیشه کلاسیک است، سیاه و سفید است.
در مهمانی زنانه کفش های تابستانی راحت و شیک بپوشید
کفش ها راهی آسان برای بیان یک استایل هستند بدون اینکه تمام لباس شما فریاد بزند: “به من نگاه کن!” مهمترین چیز برای خانم ها در مهمانی و دورهمی این است که کفش هایشان راحت باشد.
من یک کفش نارنجی روشن یا رنگ ارکیده درخشان را دوست دارم. هر دو رنگ برای مهمانی مناسب هستند،
در اینجا شش نکته برای تابستانی به نظر رسیدن تیپ شما آورده شده است:
دامنها و لباسهای ماکسی راهی عالی برای پوشاندن تا قوزک پا هستند، اگر میخواهید کمی آستین اضافه کنید، به فکر اضافه کردن شانههای سبک یا ژاکت کش باف پشمی باشید.
اگر رنگهای عمیقتری دارید، همچنان میتوانید لباسهایی با رنگ روشنتر بپوشید – همه گروههای رنگی طیفی از رنگهای روشنتر و تیرهتر دارند. فقط مطمئن شوید که از رنگ روشن یا تضاد رنگی برای ایجاد کنتراست استفاده می کنید.
یا اگر رنگهای روشنتری میپوشید که برای دیگران سردتر به نظر میرسند، گردنبند با رنگ تیرهتر بپوشید تا کنتراست مناسبی را در نزدیکی صورت خود ایجاد کنید.
پارچههای شفاف حتی اگر رنگهای تیرهتری داشته باشند، خنکتر هم هستند.
مطمئن شوید که شلوارتان به جای رنگهای تیره، از رنگهای متوسط تا روشن استفاده میکند،.
الگوها همچنین می توانند لباس را خنک تر نشان دهند، اگر بیشتر گلدار، چرخشی یا مبتنی بر طبیعت باشند. همچنین میتوانید از الگویی استفاده کنید که رنگهای روشنتر و عمیقتری دارد تا سطح کنتراست مورد نیاز خود را ایجاد کنید.<|endoftext|>"La Società si stringe nel dolore alla famiglia del Dott. Ruffino. Il Consiglio di Amministrazione della Società si riunirà appena possibile per deliberare, ai sensi di Statuto e di legge, in merito alla sostituzione mediante cooptazione di un nuovo amministratore, alla nomina del presidente del consiglio di amministrazione ai sensi di Statuto ed al conferimento delle opportune deleghe".
Aggiornato alle 3 minuti di lettura<|endoftext|>Young Rock’ın NBC’deki prömiyeri ile profesyonel güreş endüstrisinin çok farklı bir dönemi merkez sahneye çıkmak üzere. Young Rock, adından da anlaşılacağı gibi, Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson’ın bir ergen olarak hayatını, dünyanın en büyük film yıldızı ve WWE Halk Şampiyonu olmadan çok önce keşfediyor. Johnson’ın hayatında – 10, 15 ve 18 yaşlarında – üç farklı zamanda geçiyor ve 70’ler ve 80’lerdeki profesyonel güreşin iniş ve çıkışlarını gösteriyor.
Ve Johnson’a bu endüstriyi kendi babası “Soul Man” Rocky Johnson’dan daha iyi gösterebilecek kişi. Dizide, aktör Joseph Lee Anderson, yaşlı Johnson’ı yalnızca Rocky’nin kişiliğini değil, aynı zamanda halka içi becerilerini de somutlaştırmaya çağıran bir rolde canlandırıyor. Her biri Anderson için değildi, ama nihayetinde kucakladığı bir şey – özellikle Johnson’ın aşırı karizması söz konusu olduğunda.
“Gerçek hayatta, utangaç, içe dönük bir ahbap gibiyim,” diye açıkladı aktör. “[Rocky] bu hiç de öyle değil. “Bunun yerine Rocky, odanın büyüklüğü ne olursa olsun, odadaki en büyük yıldız olduğu havasını yansıttı.
Anderson, “Madison Square Garden ya da bit pazarında olması fark etmezdi, Rocky sana hayatının geri kalanında hatırlayacağın bir gösteri yapacaktı,” dedi. “Ve yaptığı her şeyde elinden geleni yaptı. Bu, kamyonunu sürerken bile. Ne demek istediğimi anlıyor musun? Bu onun zihniyetiydi.”
Anderson için bu, “tüm gün boyunca olabildiğince büyük olmak” anlamına geliyordu. Bu aynı zamanda, Rocky’nin ring içi çalışmasına gelince, pazarlığın kendi tarafını tutabileceğinden emin olmak anlamına geliyordu. Dizi boyunca, Andre the Giant and the Wild Samoans’tan “Macho Man” Randy Savage ve Demir Şeyh’e kadar birçok efsaneyle güreşirken görülüyor.
Gerçekte, gösteri, güreş becerisi az olan bir grup oyuncudan oluşuyordu. Yine de gizli bir silahları vardı. “Chavo Guerrero’ya şapka çıkartın. O bizim güreş koçumuzdu ve harikadır. Yaptığımızı biliyormuşuz gibi göründüğümüzden emin olmak için kesinlikle benimle ve tüm erkeklerle çalışmak için çok zaman harcadı.”
Bu, elbette, Guerrero’nun oyunculara güreşçi oynamayı öğreten ilk bölümü değil. Daha önce Netflix’in GLOW programında dövüş koordinatörü olarak görev yaptı, bu yüzden profesyonel güreşin klasik dönemlerini öğretme konusunda bolca tecrübesi var. Young Rock için ise, görünüşte çok daha kısa bir sınıftı.
Anderson, “Onunla temel hareketleri öğrenmek için üç veya dört günümüz olduğunu düşünüyorum” dedi. “Ve sonra maçlar geldiğinde, maçı gerçekten almak ve koreografiyi öğrenmek için iki günümüz var.”
Bununla birlikte, oyuncu bir kısmının oldukça kolay geldiğini itiraf etti. “Basketbol oynadım, bu yüzden o atletik tabana zaten sahiptim. Bunu bana gerçekten öğrettikten sonra, devam ettirdim [and] eğlenceliydi “diye açıkladı.
Young Rock, Salı günleri NBC’de yayınlanıyor.<|endoftext|>pseudonimo del romanziere australiano Thomas Alexander Browne (Londra 1826-Melbourne 1915). Fu dapprima allevatore di bestiame, poi divenne giudice e infine commissario governativo delle miniere aurifere. È autore di uno dei primi e più significativi romanzi della letteratura australiana, Robbery Under Arms (Rapina a mano armata), apparso a puntate sul Sydney Mail (1882-83) e poi in volume a Londra nel 1888. Il libro, sui banditi del Bush, difetta forse di qualità drammatiche, ma per semplicità e limpidezza di tono si può a ragione considerare un romanzo di avventure di alto livello artistico.<|endoftext|>When exactly Italy and the United States began a cultural exchange is debatable and real historical scholars would probably point to other points of departure, but for Cookicletta, the most important initial exchange started with Christopher Columbus’ voyages to the Americas in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Though technically Columbus, an explorer from the Republic of Genoa, travelled further south in the Americas than what was to become the United States proper, his journeys began an important trend in which certain crops from the New World were taken back to Europe and eventually grown there, while others were imported to the New World from Europe and subsequently cultivated there. Tomatoes, pumpkin, potatoes and corn literally didn’t exist in Italy, or what was to become Italy, before 1492 and wheat, which takes up not only a massive amount of farming land in the United States(49 million acres as of 2012), but is also the primary ingredient in all of those carbs Americans love, didn’t arrive until Columbus brought it. Therefore, many of the recipes that we will demonstrate on Cookicletta are only possible thanks to the tenacity of an Italian explorer, whose original aim was to reach the East Indies.
Eventually two wars were to have a massive impact on what Columbus started: the American Civil War and World War 2. The Civil War fueled immigration to the US from a newly unified Italy because the high level of casualties on the American end demanded new, able bodies. This immigration wave came primarily from southern Italy, which after years of foreign mismanagement and new, crippling taxes was overly populated and poverty stricken, so much so that the new Italian government actually encouraged emigration. Between 1870 and 1914 alone over 4 million Italians immigrated to the United States and today Italian Americans comprise roughly 5% of the US population. In fact, 9 million more Italians settled elsewhere during this period, primarily Brazil and Argentina, making Italy the launchpad of the greatest mass exodus in recorded history, something to remember as she now sees enormous waves of immigration to her own shores. When World War 2 arrived, this same area of Italy, the south, more specifically Sicily, was the location of the Allied invasion codenamed Operation Husky. Mussolini had appointed people to eradicate the Mafia from Sicily prior to World War 2, and while he hadn’t completely succeeded, the murder rate had dropped dramatically and many Mafia bosses had left the island, some eventually ending up in the United States. All of that changed when the Americans arrived. Not only were many former Mafia participants released from jail, several were given prominent positions of power by the US in the crackdown on fascism. In essence, the island exchanged one kind of dictatorship for another.(1) This shift in power changed the trajectory of history for both Italy and the US. For better or for worse, it was a collaboration between two entities that, as history moved forward, continued to shape politics and policy for years to come.
Thus, tomatoes made pizza possible. Civil- War-fueled immigration made the first pizzeria in Manhattan, Lombardi’s, possible. Lucky Luciano, an imprisoned US mafioso who helped the Allies, made the easy invasion of Sicily, possible. World War 2 and the resurgence of the Mafia made the agromafia possible, which now exports vast amounts of fake extra virgin olive oil into the US. This cultural, historical, economical collaboration runs deep.
While the aim of Cookicletta, in general, is to promote and celebrate the more positive aspects of the American - Italian relationship, one must never forget that while history binds us together in many happy ways, there are some troubling events, both past and present, which prove this to be a real relationship of both ups and downs, zigs and zags. From exploration to food, politics to pizza, we here at Cookicletta are dedicated to documenting and furthering the ongoing relationship between these two countries. We hope to do it in a way that entertains and inspires you to think of the world beyond your living room, your home town or your country, and to realize that we are all intertwined, and that going forward together is the only option there has ever been, or ever will be.
Si può discutere su quando precisamente l'Italia e gli Stati Uniti abbiano iniziato uno scambio culturale e, infatti, gli storici indicano diverse date di partenza, ma per Cookicletta, il più importante scambio iniziale ebbe inizio con i viaggi di Cristoforo Colombo alle Americhe alla fine del XV e all'inizio del XVI Secolo. Sebbene tecnicamente Colombo, un esploratore della Repubblica di Genova, viaggiasse più a sud nelle Americhe di quello che sarebbero poi diventati i veri e propri Stati Uniti d’America, i suoi viaggi iniziarono una importante tendenza in cui determinate colture tipiche del Nuovo Mondo vennero poi riportate in Europa e coltivate lì, mentre altre furono importate nel Nuovo Mondo dall'Europa e poi successivamente coltivate. Pomodori, zucche, patate e mais non esistevano in Italia, o quella che sarebbe poi diventata l'Italia, prima del 1492 il grano, che viene coltivata non solo su un’estensione enorme di terreni agricoli negli Stati Uniti (49 milioni di ettari dal 2012), ma è anche l'ingrediente primario di tutti quei carboidrati che gli americani amano, e che non arrivarono fino a quando Colombo lo portò con sé. Di conseguenza, molte delle ricette che noi dimostreremo su Cookicletta sono possibili solo grazie alla tenacia di un esploratore italiano diretto verso quelle che sperava fossero le Indie Orientali.
A seguire, due guerre avranno un grosso impatto su quanto avviato da Colombo: la guerra civile americana e la seconda guerra mondiale. La guerra civile accrebbe l'immigrazione negli Stati Uniti da un'unica Italia unita, poiché l'elevato numero di vittime americane richiedeva nuove braccia capaci. Questa ondata di immigrati veniva principalmente dall'Italia meridionale, che dopo anni di cattiva gestione straniera e nuove imposte paralizzanti era troppo popolata e colpita da una profonda crisi economica, tanto che il nuovo governo italiano, in realtà, incoraggiava l'emigrazione. Tra il 1870 e il 1914 oltre 4 milioni di italiani immigrarono negli Stati Uniti e oggi gli italo americani ammontano al 5% della popolazione statunitense. Infatti, 9 milioni di altri italiani andarono a stabilirsi altrove in questo stesso periodo, in primo luogo in Brasile e in Argentina, facendo dell'Italia il paese con il più grande esodo di massa nella storia mai registrata, cosa da ricordare, visto che ora vede enormi ondate di immigrazione verso le sue sponde. Quando arrivò la seconda guerra mondiale, questa stessa area dell'Italia, il sud, più precisamente la Sicilia, fu la sede dell'invasione alleata chiamata in codice Operazione Husky. Mussolini aveva nominato delle persone per sradicare la mafia dalla Sicilia prima della Seconda guerra mondiale e, nonostante non ci fosse riuscito completamente, il tasso di omicidi era diminuito drasticamente e molti capi mafia avevano lasciato l'isola, alcuni andando a finire negli Stati Uniti. Tutto ciò cambiò quando arrivarono gli americani. Non solo molti ex mafiosi vennero liberati dalle prigioni, ma molti ebbero assegnate posizioni di potere importanti dagli Stati Uniti nella repressione del fascismo. In sostanza, l'isola scambiò una sorta di dittatura per un'altra.(1) Questo cambiamento di potere ha cambiato il corso della storia sia per l'Italia che per gli Stati Uniti. Nel bene e nel male, rappresentò una sorta di collaborazione tra due entità che, come la storia a seguire ci ha dimostrato, ha continuato a modellare la politica negli anni a seguire.
Così, i pomodori hanno reso possibile la pizza. L'immigrazione alimentata dalla guerra civile ha reso possibile la prima pizzeria a Manhattan, la pizzeria Lombardi. Lucky Luciano, un mafioso messo in prigione dagli Stati Uniti ha aiutato gli Alleati rendendo possibile una agevole invasione della Sicilia. La seconda guerra mondiale e la ripresa della mafia hanno reso possibile l'agro-mafia, che ora esporta enormi quantità di finto olio extra vergine di oliva negli Stati Uniti. La collaborazione culturale, storica ed economica è profondamente radicata.
Mentre lo scopo di Cookicletta è in generale quello di promuovere e celebrare gli aspetti più positivi del rapporto americano - italiano, non bisogna mai dimenticare che, mentre la storia ci lega in molti modi positivi, ci sono alcuni eventi turbolenti, passati e presenti, che dimostrano che questo è un vero e proprio rapporto tra alti e bassi e di momenti difficili. Dall'esplorazione al cibo, dalla politica alla pizza, qui a Cookicletta siamo impegnati a documentare e favorire la relazione in corso tra questi due paesi. Speriamo di farlo in un modo che vi possa intrattenere e ispirare a pensare al mondo al di là del proprio orticello, della propria città o del proprio paese e di renderci conto che siamo tutti collegati l’uno con l’altro e che l'unica possibilità che abbiamo sempre avuto e che avremo, è quella di andare avanti insieme.<|endoftext|>When Does Daylight Saving Time Begin and End?
It’s that time of year when we set our clocks back one hour as Daylight Saving Time will end at 2:00 a.m. on Sunday, November 3, 2013.
We will finally gain back that hour of sleep that we lost back in the spring.
Daylight Saving Time was created as a way to as a way to have better use of daylight during evening hours. This is done by setting out clocks forward or ahead by one hour during the summer because the days are longer and then setting them back one hour in the fall. It is also known as “Summer Time”, “DST” or “Daylight Savings Time”.
How to Know When to Go Forward or Backward
To remember if you should set your clack forward or backward, just remember
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و ششمین بازی مقابل مصر حضور یافت. در نهایت در هفتاد و سومین بازی پدری در فصل 2020 با نتیجه 1- 2 مغلوب تیم برزیل شد.
پدری گونزالس نخستین جام دوران حرفه ای بزرگسالان را در 17 آوریل در مقابل باشگاه فوتبال اتلتیک بیلبائو در فینال کوپا دل ری با نتیجه 4- 0 کسب کرد.
پدری گونزالس به عنوان یکی از آینده دار ترین فوتبالیست های جهان به پدری شهرت یافته است.
آغاز فعالیت پدری گونزالس
پدری گونزالس با شرکت در باشگاه های جوانان نظیر Tegueste و Juventud Laguna در سال 2015 وارد عرصه فوتبال شد. سپس در سال 2018 با حضور در باشگاه فوتبال لاس پالماس فعالیت جدی فوتبال را آغاز کرد. وی به مدت 3 سال در مجموع 36 بازی شرکت کرد و موفق به نثار 4 گل در دروازه تیم حریف شد.
اولین بازی حرفه ای پدری گونزالس به سن 16 سالگی مصادف با تاریخ 18 اوت 2019 باز می گردد. این بازی در سگوندا دیوسیون در مقابل باشگاه فوتبال هوئسگا با امتیاز 0-1 به شکست ختم شد. پدری گونزالس نخستین گل حرفه ای را در 19 سپتامبر در برابر باشگاه فوتبال اسپورتینگ خیخون تجربه کرد.
پدری گونزالس در 2 سپتامبر 2020 به باشگاه فوتبال بارسلونا ملقب به بارسا محلق شده است. این بازیکن تا سال 2021 در 30 بازی حضور یافته است و با 3 گل برای تیم ورزشی بارسلونا افتخار آفرینی کرده است.
پدری در مارس 2021 اولین دعوت را برای حضور در تیم بزرگسالان اسپانیا از جانب مربی لوئیس انریکه دریافت کرد. این دعوت قبل از مرحله گروهی مقدماتی جام جهانی 2022 شکل گرفته است.
نخستین بازی پدری گونزالس برای تیم بارسلونا در مقابل فوتبال ویارئال در لالیگا 27 سپتامبر شکل گرفته است. وی موفق شد در اولین بازی در لیگ قهرمانان اروپا، پس از تعویض در 61 دقیقه یک گل را وارد دروازه تیم حریف کند.
جالب است بدانید اولین گل پدری گونزالس در لالیگا به 7 نوامبر در یک برد 5-2 در برابر رئال بتیس اختصاص دارد.
پدری گونزالس در تیم ملی فوتبال زیر 17 سال اسپانیا زیر نظر فدراسیون فوتبال سلطنتی اسپانیا به بازی پرداخته است. نخستین گل پدری گونزالس به تیم بارسلونا در مقابل تیم باشگاه فوتبال فرنتس واروش اختصاص دارد.
این چهره به موجب پیروی از سبک بازی فوق العاده هوشمندانه و خلاق مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. پدری گونزالس در زمین بازی فوتبال به اشغال مناطق مرکزی می پردازد و با حرکت به سمت بیرون و خط تماس فرصت گل زنی را برای هم تیمی ها مهیا می کند.
پدری گونزالس در تیم ملی
پدری گونزالس در سال 2019 در تیم ملی فوتبال زیر 17 سال اسپانیا زیر نظر فدراسیون فوتبال سلطنتی اسپانیا بازی کرده است. وی در این تیم در پنج بازی حضور یافته است. این چهره همچنین در تیم ملی زیر 18 سال اسپانیا شرکت کرده است و موفق به گل زنی شده است.
پدری گونزالس از سال 2020 الی 2021 در سه تیم ملی زیر 19 سال، زیر 21 سال و زیر 23 سال در مجموع 10 بازی حضور پیدا کرده است.
اولین بازی پدری گونزالس در تیم ملی در 25 مارس 2021 در مقابل تیم ملی فوتبال یونان با نتیجه مساوی 1-1 صورت گرفته است.
سبک بازی پدری گونزالس لوپز در زمین فوتبال
سبک بازی پدری گونزالس به خاطر مهارت در استقامت، توانایی در بازی، خونسردی و دریبلینگ کانون توجه قرار گرفته است. وی در رسانه های ورزشی ایتالیایی به یک مزالا تشبیه شده است.
پدری گونزالس لوپز در اکثر موارد در قالب یک نقش آزاد وارد زمین بازی می شود. وی به اشغال مناطق مرکزی زمین بازی علاقه مند است.
یکی از ویژگی های برجسته سبک بازی پدری گونزالس در عرصه فوتبال ایجاد فرصت برای هم تیمی ها با حرکت به سمت بیرون و خط تماس است.
پدری گونزالس در سال های نخست ورود به فوتبال به عنوان وینگر بازی می کرد. لیکن به نقش هافبک مرکزی منتقل شده است و قادر است به عنوان هافبک تهاجمی، هافبک دفاعی و مهاجم مرکزی به بازی بپردازد.
پدری گونزالس یک بازیکن خلاق، سریع، سخت کوش و باهوش است که به موجب توانایی مدیریت بازی در فضاهای تنگ، کنترل دقیق توپ، مهارت های فنی عالی، بینایی قوی و هوشیاری بالا به عنوان یک بازی ساز مؤثر شناخته شده است.
وضعیت تأهل و ازدواج پدری گونزالس
متأسفانه از وضعیت تأهل و ازدواج پدری گونزالس اطلاعات دقیقی در دسترس نیست.
جوایز و افتخارات پدری گونزالس
پدری گونزالس در سال 2021 جایزه پسر طلایی را کسب کرده است. این جایزه به وسیله روزنامه نگاران ورزشی به یک بازیکن جوان زیر 21 سال با بهترین کارکرد تعلق می گیرد.
پدری گونزالس به موجب نثار گل حرفه ای به تیم باشگاه فوتبال اسپورتینگ خیخون در 16 سالگی عنوان جوان ترین گلزن تاریخ باشگاه فوتبال لاس پالماس را کسب کرد.
در ادامه افتخارات پدری گونزالس را بیان می کنیم:
• منتخب بهترین بازیکن جوان جام ملت های اروپا در سال 2020
• قهرمان مسابقه کوپا دل ری در باشگاه فوتبال بارسلونا در سال 2020-2021
• ترکیب منتخب جام قهرمانی فوتبال اروپا یوفا در سال 2020
• دریافت جایزه کوپا در سال 2021
گردآوری:بخش ورزش بیتوته<|endoftext|>The first time you hear that you might have Celiac disease could be from your dentist. The disease can cause noticeable damage to your teeth and gums. If your dentist suspects that you have Celiac disease, here is what you need to know.
What Dental Impact Does Celiac Disease Have?
Celiac disease interferes with the way your body absorbs the minerals and vitamins that are needed for healthy teeth. As a result, you can experience a number of dental issues that can be directly traced to the disease.
For instance, one of the main symptoms of Celiac is discoloration of the teeth. Your teeth can take on an off-white or yellowish appearance. Some people even have teeth that are varying shades of brown.
You could also experience significant enamel damage. The enamel can have pits or appear translucent, which means your teeth are vulnerable to serious dental issues, including tooth decay and gum infection.
In addition to these dental issues, you could develop dry mouth syndrome. Dry mouth syndrome could mean that you do not have enough saliva in to help wash away harmful bacteria. The longer the bacteria remains in your mouth, the likelier it is that you develop a dental infection or other issue.
What Can You Do?
One of the most important steps you can take after your dentist says he or she believes you have Celiac disease is to get a diagnosis. If it is confirmed you have the disease, you need to focus on proper management of it. For instance, you will need to refrain from eating products with gluten.
If the disease has already had an impact on your oral health, your dentist can develop a treatment plan for dealing with the issues. For instance, if you have discoloration or teeth enamel damage, porcelain veneers can be used to cover the damage after you have received sufficient treatment to stop the source.
If you suffer from dry mouth syndrome, there are a few things you can do to help alleviate the problem. For instance, you can drink more water and decrease your intake of alcoholic beverages and sugary foods and drinks from your diet.
Since Celiac disease is a chronic condition, you will need to work with your primary care doctor and dentist to protect your overall health and dental well-being. Your dentist can offer you additional tips, and you can go to sites about cosmetic dentistry for more information about protecting your teeth and gums and their appearance.<|endoftext|>Structure ought to be complex. They can choose the PDF files of study materials that they want to view or can download all of the course materials at once. Biology introduces you to a number of the fascinating concepts on the presence of life and more. Class 11 Biology is among the difficult subjects a student faces for his board exams.
The students also learn about the contributions made by different biologists in this subject through the years. For example, with the introduction of genetic testing many groups which were believed to be monophyletic were found to have very different genetics. The majority are aquatic. So that the classification is growing more and more intricate day by day.
The Fundamentals of Kingdom Biology Revealed
No, it’s not the Chetah. The three-toed sloths are thought to be the slowest. I hope that’s what you needed. They might be freeliving or parasitic. They don’t announce simply that it’s close.
Their jaws are extremely powerful. A muscular tail assists in the movement. It runs along the rear of an animal and is a location for muscle attachment that aids in movement. As you developed, that cartilage become a spinal cord made from bones. It’s an extension of the human body to the anus. After the animal becomes too large for the exoskeleton, it has to shed it and grow a new one.
They can form monumental mats, called mycelia, in the soil that could cover huge places. There are a couple monera that may create their own food but bacteria cannot. Plants belong to the category of autotrophs called photoautotrophs due to the fact that they make their food from sunlight through the practice of photosynthesis. Plant Kingdom All plants are part of the Plant Kingdom.
The Unusual Secret of Kingdom Biology
Unique species of octopus, for example, have completed highly complex tasks to acquire food. They’ve a peculiar water driven tube system which helps them in moving around. https://www.galileo.usg.edu/reflect/?http://www.ed.gov/ More than a few of them have adapted to fly or reside in water. The little placozoans are alike, but they don’t have a permanent digestive chamber. Protistans are Eukaryotic is the right alternative.
Who Else Wants to Learn About Kingdom Biology?
This is as it is truly composed of a mass of very tightly packed hyphae, and so, isn’t exactly solid. Protists are a little more complex since they include a nucleus. The presence of unique biospheres could also have contributed into the evolution of the various species. The hyphae group with each other to form a conglomerate known as the mycelium.
The Tried and True Method for Kingdom Biology in Step by Step Detail
The following two Learn-its will appear at a number of the features of the Animalia Kingdom in more detail. Sexual dimorphism is observed inside this category of animals. However, a few of these groupings, such as Protista, are not so accurate. Only animals are categorized into phyla.
In truth, it is the Peregrine Falcon. There’s still much info to be discovered and several gaps in knowledge has to be filled. This is known as jet propulsion. Incapable of moving independently.
A larger problem is it relies on a subjective decision about which groups of organisms ought to be regarded as as phyla. Some conotoxins are proven to block neuronal ion channels. There are a few harmful bacteria that could lead to illness and disease and there are others that are vital for all of us to survive. They’re the things breaking down a number of the undigested polysaccharides to generate methane.<|endoftext|>Paris Notre Dame Katedrali
Paris Notre Dame Katedrali, sadece Fransız Gotik Mimarisinin en güzel örneklerinden birisi değil, aynı zamanda dünyanın en büyük ve en çok bilinen kiliselerinden birisidir. Tabii bunda dünyaca ünlü eser olan ve Türkçe “Notrdamın Kamburu” olarak bilinen Victor Hugo‘nun eserinin de etkisi olduğu söylenebilir. Evet o ünlü çan ve Quasimodo‘nun hikayesi burada geçer. Yapımına 1163 yılında başlanan ve 1345 yılında tamamen biten katedral, Fransız İhtilali dahil, dünyayı etkileyen bir çok olayın kalbinde yer almış bir noktadır.<|endoftext|>埃里克·沃尔特斯（Eric Walters）
（纽约州哈特兰）
我于2019年10月29日在纽约州尼亚加拉县大获全胜。它的装束为170磅，很快得分为121。
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The department of Mass Education and Open Schooling is one of the three academic departments at the Institute of Adult Education. It is divided into three major sections namely; mass education, open schooling and regional centres coordination. The department has a major role of educating the broader population on various developmental issues.It conducts campaigns and programmes such Empowering Girls through Education (2019), Child Early and Forced Marriage - GIRLS Inspire (2018), Mass Education on Election Expenses Act (2010), Change of Attitude to Combat HIV/AIDS (2001), Electoral Sensitization Programme (1995), Agriculture and Politics (1970) and Person is Health (Mtu ni Afya 1973). The department develops teaching and learning materials for literacy and post-literacy programmes which target people with diverse educational backgrounds such as never went to school, school drop outs and leavers, youths, adults and learners with special education needs. These programmes include Integrated Post Primary Education (IPPE), Alternative Learning Opportunities for Adolescent Girls and Young Mothers who dropped out of School Due to Pregnancy and Early Marriage Integrated Programme for Out of School Adolescents (IPOSA) and Secondary Education for Out of School Adolescent Girls (SEOSAG) programmes. It boosts of 21 regional centres nationwide which provide secondary education through open and distance learning mode, vocational skills programmes as well as tailor made and up-grading courses for workers.
The department activities include:
1. Initiating national campaigns on cross cutting issues such as HIV/AIDS, gender, environment, human rights, civic education and poverty.
2. Developing and conducting programmes for out of school youth, adults and disadvantaged groups including girls and women.
3. Producing teaching and learning materials for complementary, post-primary and non-formal education programmes.
4. Organizing seminars and workshops for specific target groups and needs in the community.
5. Producing newsletters, journals and study materials.
6. Empowering women, girls and disadvantaged groups including the elderly and the handicapped.
7. Conducting short tailor-made courses.
8. Establishing literacy support systems.
9. Coordinating non-formal secondary education through open schools.
10. Coordinating learners support services for out of school youth and adults.
11. Monitoring and evaluating non-formal education programmes.
12. Promoting the use of libraries and other technologies as resource centres for distance learners.<|endoftext|>Come si fa a distillare l'essenza dei grandi misteri e complessità della natura e la nostra connessione fondamentale con essa. La sua durezza, il suo potere e la gioia che dà. Alcuni luoghi mi invitano - le zone secche e disidratate dell'Australia, dove il colore si consuma in superficie, le forme si abbassano in modelli che sorprendono.
Biografia
Sally Stokes è un'artista paesaggista astratta con base a Sydney che lavora nel suo studio tra le angopore a Dural e nel suo studio sulla barca in una parte remota del fiume Hawkesbury. Sally ha completato un Bachelor of Fine Arts e un Masters of Analytical Psychology. Ha studiato arte al Hornsby TAFE e all'East Sydney TAFE (The National Art School). Ha avuto sedici mostre personali e numerose mostre di gruppo. È stata finalista al premio Sulman e il suo lavoro è stato acquistato da molti collezionisti privati in Australia e a livello internazionale.<|endoftext|>50 دانش آموز قشمی بورسیه منطقه آزاد می شوندمدیر
مدیرعامل سازمان منطقه آزاد قشم گفت: در راستای استفاده از ظرفیت های نیروی انسانی این جزیره، 50 دانش آموز موفق قشمی در کنکور سال 96 و در رشته های مورد نیاز منطقه آزاد، بورسیه علمی و سپس به کار گرفته می شوند.
به گزارش خبرگزاری فارس از قشم، حمیدرضا مؤمنی صبح امروز در جلسه شورایآموزش و پرورش شهرستان قشم گفت: هدف بلند منطقه آزاد بومی سازی و استفاده از پتانسیل و ظرفیت موجود در این شهرستان است و در این راستا 50 دانش آموز مستعد قشمی در کنکور سال 96 در رشته های مورد نیاز این منطقه، تا مقطع کارشناسی ارشد بورسیه و سپس به کار گرفته می شوند.
وی ارتقای وضعیت آموزشی مدارس و تربیت نیروی انسانی ماهر در جامعه را از دیگر برنامه های سازمان منطقه آزاد قشم عنوان کرد و اظهار داشت: در سال تحصیلی آینده عملیات ساخت مجتمع بزرگ آموزشی فرهنگ با 70 فضای آموزشی در قشم آغاز می شود.
مدیرعامل سازمان منطقه آزاد قشم تصریح کرد: این مجتمع آموزشی تمام هوشمند و مطابق استانداردهای لازم با امکاناتی نظیر نمازخانه، کتابخانه، آزمایشگاه وفضاهای ورزشی خواهد بود.
مؤمنی، آموزش و پرورش را زیرساخت توسعه و پیشرفت هر جامعه ای دانست و خاطرنشان کرد: مناطق آزادی موفق هستند که از نظر منابع انسانی دارای زیرساخت های قوی و مهیاتر باشد و قطعاً در رسیدن به مؤلفه های اقتصادی پیشروتر خواهند بود.
رئیس شورای آموزش و پرورش قشم اضافه کرد: اگر بخواهیم زیرساخت ها که همان مدارس و محل تربیت نیروی انسانی و فرهنگ است را درست کنیم و بهتر از آن بهره برداری کنیم باید به نیازهای جامعه مخاطب پاسخ دهیم و در این راستا منطقه آزاد به دنبال اختصاص بخشی از درآمدهای خود به دستگاه تعلیم و تربیت است.<|endoftext|>What is PMS?
Each women’s cycle is unique. Some women barely noticed when their period comes and goes. For others, however, their period can be
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11 | 4 | 3 |
Paschall, elementary schools in the Harlandale Independent School District also began trying the program last month. Judson ISD hasn't determined whether it will continue the program, but Harlandale ISD will and plans to add 17 computer labs to accommodate it.
As many as 10 elementary schools in the San Antonio Independent School District may also begin using the program in the fall, said Derrick Thomas, the district's senior coordinator of mathematics.
Including the costs for teacher training, districts may pay between $100 and $120 per student annually for the program, said Alexander Khachatryan, Reasoning Mind founder and CEO. The actual cost is higher but is subsidized by philanthropists and some districts seek grants to pay for it.
'Pure math fun'
About 25,000 students in five states have been using the program, and Reasoning Mind takes credit for part of of the rapidly improving state test math scores at schools in Dallas and Houston, which have greater numbers of minority and economically disadvantaged students.
Khachatryan, who has a doctorate in math and physics, was educated in Russia and immigrated to the United States with his wife when their son was 5. They were disappointed in the quality of middle-school math teaching in Houston in the 1990s.
“Since I'm a mathematician by training and background and my wife is a petroleum engineer, we were looking at how he was taught mathematics through our own prism of knowledge,” Khachatryan said. “He was not really learning the substantive parts of mathematics. He was learning the mechanics of it ... without developing the deeper understanding of the underlying mathematical concepts.”
Khachatryan said he and his wife finally stoked their son's interest in math by sending him to a math summer camp. After that experience, they started with the idea of creating a virtual club that would engage students in math, which morphed into a more extensive curriculum targeting underprivileged students and professional development for teachers.
The curriculum emphasizes algebraic reasoning at an early age. Khachatryan hopes to expand the program to kindergarten through 12th grade.
Holly Sandersdescribed her fifth grade class at Harlandale ISD's Gilbert Elementary as a talkative bunch before they began using Reasoning Mind in May. Last week, the students sat quietly, engrossed in the program while Sanders gathered a few struggling students to work on rounding numbers.
“That fact that (Reasoning Mind) is bringing math and incorporating technology as a partnership keeps the kids interested in learning,” she said.
Desiree Del Toro, 11, zipped through the program's rounding problems. She loves math and is a video game connoisseur with seven gaming systems at home.
“I thought it was going to be really fun and then it turned out to be awesome,” Desiree said of the program. “It's funner than video games. Most video games have violence and this is pure math fun.”
News Research Director Michael Knoop contributed to this report.<|endoftext|>Praia a Mare (Cs) :: Botti di Natale: Ragazzo rischia un occhio per un petardo.
PRAIA A MARE :: 26/12/2007 :: Un ragazzo di 11 anni rischia di perdere un occhio a causa dell'esplosione di un petardo che aveva trovato per strada. Il fatto e' successo a Praia a Mare, centro del Tirreno cosentino. Il ragazzo, assieme ad un coetaneo, dopo aver trovato il petardo si era recato in spiaggia per farlo esplodere. Una volta acceso, lo scoppio del petardo lo ha investito al volto causandogli anche lievi ferite alle mani.
email@example.com<|endoftext|>پورتو با طارمی نزدیک و نزدیکتر به قهرمانی
تیم فوتبال پورتو در شبی که طارمی را از ابتدا در ترکیب نداشت، یک پیروزی دیگر را به دست آورد.
در صورت شکست اسپورتینگ، فاصله این تیم با پورتو به عدد ۹ می رسد و شاگردان کونسیسائو به قهرمانی، نزدیک و نزدیک تر می شوند چرا که آنها در دیداری که کمی هم برایشان سخت شد، موفق به کسب ۳ امتیاز بازی شدند.
در دیداری از هفته بیست و یکم لیگ برتر پرتغال، پورتو در استادیوم مونیکیپال ده آروکا میهمان تیم رده پانزدهمی آروکا بود. میزبان برای کسب یک امتیاز و فاصله گرفتن از منطقه خطر، با یک بازی تدافعی در نیمه اول پای به زمین مسابقه گذاشت و در ۴۵ دقیقه نخست نیز موفق عمل کرد چرا که بازی با تساوی بدون گل به پایان رسید.
سرجیو کونسیسائو که شاید تصور می کرد بازی آسانی در پیش دارد، به مهدی طارمی استراحت داد و او را روی نیمکت نشاند. با این حال پورتو در ابتدای نیمه دوم به گل رسید و ویتور فریرا در دقیقه ۵۴ بالاخره قفل دروازه آروکا را باز کرد.
پس از این گل، مهدی طارمی نیز به جای مارکو گروییچ وارد زمین مسابقه شد و ۲ دقیقه پس از ورود او، پورتو موفق به زدن گل دوم شد. این بار چانسل امبمبا مدافع پیش تاخته پورتو روی پاس فابیو ویرا موفق شد دروازه میزبان را باز کند و پورتو نیز با همین ۲ گل، از سد آروکا گذشت.
طارمی در زمان حضور در میدان، ۴ بار به سمت دروازه حریف شوت زد که یک مورد آن در چارچوب بود. نصف پاس های این بازیکن سالم بودند و او یک پاس کلیدی نیز به هم تیمی هایش داد. طارمی که یک دریبل موفق نیز داشت، نمره ۷ را از این بازی گرفت و یکی از خوب های پورتو بود.
آبی و سفیدهای بندرنشین با این پیروزی ۵۹ امتیازی شده و بالاتر از اسپورتینگ ۵۰ امتیازی، در صدر جدول رده بندی ایستاده اند و امید اول قهرمانی به شمار می آیند.
عضویت در کانال تلگرام پایگاه تخصصی فوتبال بوشهر
عضویت در کانال تلگرام<|endoftext|>该模板为AB模板网VIP资源，加入VIP无限制下载全站模板，本站也承接仿站业务，联系QQ：9490489
过去十年左右，Marvel几乎征服了流行文化的每一个角落，但矛盾的是，游戏中却出现了相反的情况。作为控制台和PC游戏的关键品牌，近年来，House of Ideas似乎已经退却，一直在电影和电视领域取得巨大进步。漫威品牌及其钢铁侠，蜘蛛侠，绿巨人，雷神等人物的名单从未如此强大。但在游戏中呢？ Marvel是它以前的自我的影子。
当然，直到最近几个月，Marvel发布了关于即将到来的游戏的几个重要公告，表明它最终会重新进入AAA游戏。 Marvel目前在Insomniac Games的路上有一个蜘蛛侠称号，来自Telltale的Galaxy系列守护者（有n）ew详细信息仅在昨天公布），并与Square Enix合作创建更多标题（开始使用无标题的Avengers项目）。看起来Marvel再次拥抱游戏受众，我们最近与Marvel Games创意总监Bill Rosemann谈论了公司近期的举动。<|endoftext|>The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), informally called Mangalyaan (“Mars-craft”) is a Mars orbiter that was successfully launched into Earth orbit on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) India.
The mission is a “technology demonstrator” project aiming to develop the technologies required for design, planning, management and operations of an interplanetary mission.
The Mars Orbiter Mission probe lifted-off from First Launch Pad at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket C-25 at 2:38 PM IST (9:08 UTC) on 5 November 2013.
The Mars Orbiter Mission is India’s first interplanetary mission. If successful, ISRO would become the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after Roscosmos, NASA, and ESA.
The government of India approved the project on 3 August 2012, after the Indian Space Research Organisation completed INR 125 crore (US$19 million) of required studies for the orbiter. The total project cost may be up to INR 454 crore (US$69 million).
Mangalyaan’s on-orbit mission life was between six and ten months. The spacecraft structure and propulsion hardware configurations are similar to Chandrayaan 1, India’s first successful robotic lunar orbiter that operated from 2008 to 2009, with specific improvements and upgrades needed for a Mars specific mission.
On 19 October 2013, ISRO Chairman K. Radhakrishnan announced that the launch had to be postponed by a week due to delay of a crucial telemetry ship reaching Fiji Islands. The launch was rescheduled for 5 November 2013. The 56 hours – plus countdown for the launch on November 5 at 02:36 pm IST began on Sunday, November 3.
The PSLV C25 successfully lifted off at 2:38 PM IST, and placed into Earth orbit at 3:28 PM IST.
A final firing on 30 November 2013 will send MOM onto a trajectory to Mars.
Nov 7, 2013
Indian Space Research Organisation today performed the first orbit raising manoeuvre of the Mars Orbiter spacecraft, which was launched on Tuesday. An ISRO spokesman said, a series of five orbit raising operations are scheduled on the Mars mission starting today. The second and third such operations will be performed tomorrow and on Saturday to raise the mission apogee to 40,000 km and 71,650 km. The fourth and fifth operations will be performed to raise the apogee of one lakh km and 1.92 lakh km on November 11 and 16.
After the successful completion of these operations, the mission is expected to take on the crucial event of the trans-Mars injection around 12.42 AM on December 1.
ISRO’s PSLV C 25 successfully injected the 1,350-kg Mars orbiter ’Mangalyaan’ into Earth’s orbit some 44 minutes after its launch from Sriharikota on Tuesday.
Nov 11, 2013
The Indian Space Research Organisation in a press release on Monday stated that a supplementary orbit raising manoeuvre would be performed for the Mars orbiter. In the fourth orbit-raising operation conducted on Monday morning the spacecraft was raised from 71,623 km to 78,276 km as against the originally planned to 1 lakh km.
ISRO officials told AIR that there was no reason for panic and the spacecraft is safe and under control. The next orbit raising operation would be done tomorrow at 5 hours. During the orbit-raising operations conducted since November 7, 2013, ISRO officials said that testing and exercising functions essential for Trans-Mars Injection and Mars Orbit Insertion were normal.
The Mars orbiter was put on its first elliptical orbit of 23 thousand five hundred Kilometres 44 minutes after it began its journey on the fifth of this month from the Sathish Dhawan Space Centre Sriharikota.<|endoftext|>Amazon sadece Alexa Blueprints’i lanse etti, yani Echo’unuz için özel yanıtlar oluşturabilir ve ayrıca bir grup kişiselleştirilmiş oyun kurabilirsiniz.
IFTTT’yi hatırlatan yeni arayüz, özel Alexa becerilerini hızlıca oluşturmak için bir dizi şablon sunuyor. En yalın, “Özel Soru-Cevap”, istediğiniz herhangi bir soruya belirli bir cevap vermenizi sağlar, bu yüzden bu şaka yanıtlarını yazmaya başlayın.
Ayrıca trivia oyunları, macera hikayeleri tasarlayabilir ve ev misafirleri için bilgi sağlayabilirsiniz. Arayüz oldukça düz ileri, bu yüzden bir Echo kullanıcısıysan hemen içeri atla diyorum.
İLGİLİ: Bir kerede birden fazla akıllı telefon aygıtını denetlemek için Alexa rutinleri nasıl ayarlanır
Bunun yapamayacağı şey, çoklu komutları tek bir lansman ifadesine birleştirmektir. Eğer ilginizi çekiyorsa, bunun yerine Alexa Routines oluşturmaya bakın, çünkü bu çok daha güçlüdür. Ama sadece etrafta dolaşmak ve hızlı bir şekilde eğlenceli bir şey yaratmak istiyorsanız, Blueprints bir göz atmaya değer.
TechCrunch üzerinden Alexa Blueprints<|endoftext|>IDD e HBMM fianco a fianco contro il cancro al seno e al collo dell'utero nelle Molucche
Oltre a questo, devi saperne di più.
Il 26 ottobre 2019, l'IDD e il team di screening HBMM (Hôpital Biamba Marie Mutombo) hanno sfidato la pioggia per fare una campagna contro i 2 tumori nelle donne, vale a dire quelli del seno e della cervice uterina in vari mercati e porti, e NDANGI High School a Molucche.<|endoftext|>Focal laser is explained as a photocoagulation procedure wherein the laser is applied to vascular abnormalities and or leaking areas in the retina especially in the macular area (central area of the retina, essential for clear & accurate vision). It is typically done based on fluorescein angiogram study to pinpoint the location of abnormal vascular lesions or leaking areas.
Predominantly, it is used for diabetic macular edemas (swellings) not involving the fovea i.e. centre of the macula and also in cases of central serous retinopathy (fluid accumulation under the retina).
It can also be done based on clinical examination to note the thickened areas of the macula which harbour the leaking microaneurysms or also based on the colour-coded retinal thickness map of OCT of the macula.
Is Yellow Laser better for a Focal Laser?
Yes. Yellow laser is superior to the conventional green laser when the laser is being applied to the macular area. This is because of the extra safety of yellow laser wavelength (577 nm) not being absorbed by the xanthophyll pigment present in the foveal area. Thus it protects against any inadvertent damage to other vital structures in the vicinity.
Duration of Focal Laser Procedure
Laser procedure is an outpatient procedure and requires dilation of the pupil. Post dilation, local anaesthesia drops are instilled and patients chin and forehead are rested on the slit lamp. The doctor places a jelly coupled lens on the cornea (front of the eye) and thereafter focusing it on the retina, the laser is applied. The actual laser procedure lasts less than 5 minutes. Eye drops are prescribed following laser for about 2 weeks. The total duration of stay in the hospital for the patient could be for about 90 minutes.
Clinical examples of focal laser photocoagulation
Clinical fundus photograph of 2 eyes of a patient with thickening of the retina (diabetic macular oedema)
Fundus fluorescein angiography pictures of 2 eyes of the same patient with thickening of the retina (diabetic macular oedema) showing leaking points that need to be lasered.
Fundus photographs of 2 eyes of the same patient after laser.
- Combined Cataract and vitrectomy surgery- Common questions answered - June 5, 2020
- Retinal Detachment: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment - November 4, 2019
- Epiretinal Membrane Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment - October 29, 2019<|endoftext|>Avrupa borsaları haftaya kötü başladı
Avrupa hisse senetleri, yatırımcıların, Avrupalı liderlerin miktarı genişletilen kurtarma imkanına nasıl fon sağlayacaklarını açıklamadan önce hisse alımlarında isteksiz olmalarından dolayı satıcılı seyrediyor. ABD endeks vadeli kontratları ve Asya hisse senetleri de düştü.
En büyük rüzgar türbini üreticisi Vestas Wind Systems A/S, Almanya'daki yeni tesislerinde üretim artışının geciktirilmesi sonrası, bu yılki ve faiz ve vergi giderleri öncesi glir ve marjlar için tahminlerinin düşürmesine bağlı olarak yüzde 21 geriledi. Valıklar bakımından İngiltere'nin ikinci büyük bankası Barclays Plc, üçüncü çeyrek vergi öncesi karının analistlerin beklentilerini aşmasının ardından yüzde 2.8 değer kazandı.
Stoxx Europe 600 Endeksi yüzde 0.9 düşerek, Londra saati ile 08:36'da 246.72 puana indi. Endeks, Euro Bölgesi liderlerinin borç krizi ile mücadele için kurtarma fonunu genişletme kararı sonrası 27 Ekim'de yüzde 3.6'lık bir ralli yapmasının ardından 28 Ekim'de yüzde 0.2 gerilemişti. Endeks geçen hafta yüzde 4.2 yükseldi ve haftalık çıkışlarını beşinci haftaya da taşıdı.
London Capital Group'tan trader Jonathan Sudaria, "Traderların, daha detaylı bilgiye sahip olmadan, Perşembe günü olduğu gibi risk alma ihtimai düşük," dedi ve Bu hafta, Avrupa Merkez Bankası'nın basın toplantısı ve G20 toplantısı ile birlikte, traderler beklemede kalabilir" değerlendirmesinde bulundu.
Aralık vadeli Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500) endeks kontratı yüzde 0.9 düşerken, MSCI Asya Pasifik Endeksi yüzde 2.6 ile bir ayı aşkın sürenin en hızlı düşüşünü gerçekleştirdi.<|endoftext|>Il presidente degli Stati Uniti, Donald Trump, ha firmato un decreto per sanzionare le interferenze straniere nelle elezioni Usa. Lo ha annunciato il consigliere per la sicurezza nazionale John Bolton. Il direttore dell'Intelligence nazionale, Dan Coats, ha precisato che, in vista delle elezioni di metà mandato di novembre, "abbiamo osservato segnali, non solo dalla Russia ma anche dalla Cina, e probabilmente dall'Iran e dalla Corea del Nord".<|endoftext|>What can school leaders do to reduce the number of special education teachers who leave each year?
Page 4: Teacher Induction
Many professions—for example, medicine—offer extensive supports to new entrants. These are designed to help new professionals to learn more about the work they are undertaking. Teachers, however, are often expected to take on all of the responsibilities of experienced veterans as soon as they begin teaching. One way to address the needs of new teachers is through the provision of teacher induction programs. These offer supports to help new teachers transition into a school placement and become competent and effective professionals in the classroom. Induction is a critical phase of teacher development because:
- Teachers need support as they begin to apply what they learned in pre-service programs in the real world of teaching.
- The early career period is often characterized as one of “survival” in which optimism sometimes gives way to discouragement and disillusionment.
- New special educators are more likely than are experienced teachers to leave their jobs. Recall that some estimates suggest that up to 50% of new
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spin the turbine, which is also splined onto the input shaft of the transmission. The characteristics of each converter are controlled by the diameter, the number and shape of fins, and stator design.
Stall speed is the amount of rpm the engine can reach with the brakes locked and transmission in gear before the drive wheels turn. The stall speed assigned is simply a way to rate the converter’s performance level. The range listed will tell you what to expect from the converter. If a 2700-3000 is selected, you should be able to footbrake stall the converter to about 2700 rpm depending on the vehicle’s setup. Compared to a stock converter, this should provide anywhere from 500 to 1500 more rpm to launch the vehicle from a dead stop, giving you a noticable improvement in the vehicle’s acceleration capability.
Selecting the correct converter and stall speed for your particular vehicle is critical – not only on the street, but also on the race track. The right choice can make the difference between winning and losing; between a car that performs to its potential or falls flat on performance. Choosing the best torque converter for your application can be tricky, but there are some basic guidelines you can follow to help out in the process.
Your power curve and torque output are two of the main things to consider. If we look at a stall speed rated at 2,200 – 2,700-rpm, the range is meant to cover a variety of engine characteristics with different power curves. Ideally you want the stall to lock up somewhere close to the peak torque of the engine. Typically engines that produce more low-end torque will increase the stall speed. The same converter will stall at a lower rpm behind a less torquey - higher rpm engine.
Also consider the resistance you will have against the engine. A heavy car with large diameter tires will create more to fight against. Generally speaking, the more resistance you have, the higher the stall rpm. The same principles apply to gear ratios. A heavy car with taller gears (low numerical value) will have a higher stall rpm compared to a light car with shorter gears and smaller tires.
The details will make all the difference, so to wrap up, the specifics you'll want to consider are: your vehicle weight; engine displacement; compression ratio; cam profile; rearend gear ratio; tire diameter; the type of fuel system, and the transmission model and year.
For example, let’s look at a 1932 Ford street rod. Say it weighs in at around 2800lbs with a 350 cubic-inch engine at 9:1 compression, running a relatively mild street cam like a Comp 260H and 3.50:1 rearend gears. With a stock-type fuel pump and a 1970’s TH350 transmission, a great match here would be our 2000-2200 stall converter like PN 109-602.
Or a 1955 Chevy 2 door hardtop which weighs about 3,350 lbs. It’s running a 383 engine with 10.5:1 compression, a Comp 292 cam (rough idling hot rod style cam), 4.11 gear ratio, high performance fuel pump, and a 1970’s style TH350 transmission. It would likely use a 3200-3500 stall converter, like PN109-603, to get the best performance.
All of the performance torque converters offered by Speedway Motors are engineered to provide improved strength and durability. Designed with heavy-duty heat treated internals and high strength bearings, you can expect longer life along with a substantial increase in performance over a factory torque converter.<|endoftext|>
L'esperienza di Joule è stata ed è di fondamentale importanza nello studio della termodinamica per almeno due motivi: 1) permette di stabilire l'equivalenza fra lavoro e calore in termini fisici e 2) permette di stabilire l'equivalenza fra lavoro e calore in termini di unità di misura.
Sino alla metà del 1.700 il calore fu un oggetto misterioso della fisica (si chiamava fluido calorico) e, addirittura, se ne cercava il peso. Era ancora considerato, insieme a terra, acqua e aria, con il nome di fuoco, uno degli elementi costituenti la materia, così come aveva stabilito Aristotele 300 anni a. C. Ma ancora oggi è certamente utile, accostandosi alla termodinamica, individuare gli elementi di unitarietà confluenti da diversi "mondi" fisici apparentemente separati. In effetti il mondo della meccanica e quello della termodinamica possono sembrare lontani, legati debolmente dal fatto che l'attrito "crea calore" e che con il calore si "crea lavoro". L'esperienza di Joule consente di mostrare che calore e lavoro hanno un'unica anima: IL MOVIMENTO.
L'esperienza può essere raccontata ed effettuata in molti modi; io la eseguirò nel modo forse più semplice e intuitivo.
DISPOSITIVO SPERIMENTALE.
a) un recipiente perfettamente isolato termicamente(1);
b) un litro di acqua distillata alla temperatura iniziale di 15,5 °C;
c) un termometro;
d) un asse rotante munito di agitatore nella parte immersa nell'acqua (vedi figura);
e) una funicella avvolta a spirale sulla parte emersa dell'asse e passante nella gola di una carrucola all'altra estremità;
f) un peso P di 427 kg legato alla seconda estremità della funicella;
g) un barometro che segna la pressione di 1 atm.
CONDUZIONE DELL'ESPERIMENTO.
Si lascia cadere liberamente il peso P per un'altezza h di un metro. La funicella si svolge dall'asse facendolo ruotare e l'agitatore comunica il suo moto all'acqua. Il termometro segnala un aumento di temperatura da 15,5 °C a 16,5 °C. In queste condizioni il lavoro è L = 427 x 1 = 427 [ kg m ] e, di conseguenza, l'acqua ha ricevuto la quantità di calore Q = 1 [ Cal ].
RISULTATI SPERIMENTALI.
Se noi ripetessimo l'esperienza di Joule a casa otterremmo questo risultato? Assolutamente no! Vediamo perché:
a) il recipiente non è isolato e parte del calore esce all'esterno;
b) il vetro del termometro, l'asse e l'agitatore assorbono calore;
c) una parte in più dell'acqua evapora per effetto dell'aumento di temperatura;
d) la funicella, la carrucola e il suo asse assorbono lavoro per attrito;
e) l'aria ostacola la discesa del peso;
f) .....
Se però conoscessimo quanto calore e quanto lavoro si perde per effetto di tutte le cause elencate .... Bene, è proprio questo che è stato fatto in centinaia di laboratori, in migliaia di ripetizioni dell'esperimento di Joule, e il risultato riportato al paragrafo precedente è una certezza sperimentale. Il numero 427 (che si usa nelle applicazioni) è corretto alla seconda cifra decimale e quindi rappresenta un ottimo risultato tecnico.
Si è visto che, per effetto dell' agitazione, la temperatura dell'acqua cresce. Perché allora, agitando il caffellatte con un cucchiaino, esso si raffredda?
Il motivo è semplice: l'agitazione produce due effetti: a) accelera l'uscita del vapore dalla massa del liquido e b) fa entrare aria fresca all'interno della massa agitata. Il risultato è che il calore in uscita è di più di quello prodotto con il cucchiaino.
Il moto del peso è "ordinato", quello dell'acqua è "disordinato"(2). Questo fatto ci induce a parlare di trasformazioni di energia reversibili e irreversibili. Diremo che una trasformazione di energia è reversibile quando è possibile (anche solo teoricamente) farla avvenire nel verso opposto; diremo che è irreversibile quando ciò non è possibile(3).
In generale le trasformazioni che interessano il calore sono irreversibili. Nel caso in esame, se l'acqua raffreddandosi di un grado Celsius facesse girare l'asse al contrario, riportando il peso nella posizione iniziale, se ciò potesse accadere, la trasformazione di lavoro in calore sarebbe reversibile. Questo accadrebbe se il moto delle molecole d'acqua fosse ordinato: basterebbe, anche solo teoricamente(4), invertire il senso del moto e il peso P tornerebbe in alto!
Riesaminando i risultati sperimentali, si possono trarre alcune conclusioni di importanza capitale per la termodinamica:
A) è possibile trasformare integralmente il lavoro in calore e quindi porre l'equivalenza Q = A L, nella quale A(5) rappresenta il fattore di conversione (nel sistema pratico) del lavoro in calore e quindi A = 1 / 427 per cui risulta 1 [ Cal ] = 427 [ kg m ] = 4.186 [ J ];
B) è impossibile trasformare integralmente il calore in lavoro e quindi la trasformazione lavoro ---> calore è irreversibile, essendo il calore una energia disordinata.
(1) E' questa la condizione più difficile da realizzare; infatti non esistono materiali perfettamente impermeabili al calore, ma soltanto materiali, detti isolanti, i quali possono ritardare la trasmissione del calore.
(2) E' questo un punto molto importante della termodinamica in quanto ha implicazioni nel significato di entropia. Qui il significato di ordine e disordine è nel senso che i solidi in movimento mostrano delle particelle elementari (atomo e molecole) che percorrono tutte insieme una certa traiettoria mentre nel liquido ciascuna molecola può avere ed ha una traiettoria dipendente dalle traiettorie delle altre molecole, ma non strettamente legata a quelle.
(3) Una definizione di reversibile si ricava dalla definizione di "ciclo termodinamico" che è la situazione nella quale il gas, dopo aver subito una serie di trasformazioni (cambiamenti di pressione, di volume, di temperatura) ritorna esattamente allo stato iniziale (come avviene percorrendo un cerchio, chiclos in greco) per poter eseguire ancora le stesse trasformazioni.
(4) Questa ipotesi non può essere fatta neppure in senso teorico perché è assolutamente da escludere un moto retrogrado e ordinato delle molecole del liquido. D'altra parte, se il calore è una funzione (una misura) dell'energia cinetica delle molecole, anche il "tornare indietro" è un movimento e quindi calore, cioè se le molecole di liquido si muovessero all'incontrario ciò corrisponderebbe alla produzione di altro calore e quindi ad un ulteriore aumento di temperatura.
(5) Nel sistema internazionale si scrive semplicemente Q = L poiché l'unità di misura è la stessa, cioè il Joule.<|endoftext|>and excited for a fortunate day,
singing wedding songs
with ringing voice,
beat the ground with feet, with a hand
shake the pine torch.1
Like a Greek woman,
a Roman woman was usually under the guardianship, manus, of her
paterfamilias, male guardian, her whole life. However, during
the end of the Roman Republic and at the time of the elegiac
poets, women tended to have more freedom:
ostensibly factual texts and in imaginative writing a new kind
of women appears precisely at the time of Cicero and Caesar:
a woman in high position, who nevertheless claims for herself
the indulgence in sexuality of a woman of pleasure.2
This 'new woman'
both affected and was affected by a new attitude towards marriage,
the beginnings of which are seen in Catullus' poems.3 This section will examine
the traditional Roman marriage4
and the transition to a different kind of relationship at the
time of the elegists.
could either be traditional, with coniubium and manus,
or unconventional, without coniubium and manus.5 In order for a marriage
and the children resulting from the union to be legitimate, both
partners needed to have ius coniubium, the right to marry.
This right was both inherent in Roman citizenship and bestowed
upon certain people as a special privilege. Under Augustus' laws,
if a couple had a sexual union, but did not have coniubium,
the union was considered stuprum and the couple was subject
to penalties. There were certain unions, however, that allowed
people without coniubium to have a marital like union.6
Types of Marriage
The first and most
traditional type of marriage was called confarreatio.7 This was a marriage limited
to patricians whose parents were also married with confarreatio.
The wedding was an elaborate ceremony with the Flamen Dialis
and Pontifex Maximus presiding, as well as ten witnesses present.
The woman passed directly from the manus of her paterfamilias
to that of her new husband. Divorce for confarreatio marriages,
diffarreatio, was a difficult process and therefore rare.
Not much is known about how diffarreatio was carried out
except that there was a special type of sacrifice that caused
the dissolution of the relationship between the man and woman.
She would then pass back into the manus of her paterfamilias.
The second and more
common type of marriage with manus was called coemptio.
It represented a "bride purchase," as the groom paid
nummus usus, a penny, and received the bride in exchange.
While this purchase was not a real sale, it symbolized the traditional
bride purchases of earlier societies. Only five witnesses were
required and the wedding ceremony was much less formal8 than confarreatio,
but the bride still passed to her husband's manus.
A third type of
marriage is a bit more unusual and was obsolete by the end of
the Republic. Usus was a practical marriage that did not
require an actual wedding ceremony; it was a transfer to the
manus of the husband by default after cohabitation. There was
probably some honorable intention stated at the beginning of
the cohabitation, an adfectus maritalis. The only requirement
for an usus marriage was that the man and woman cohabitate
for one full year. The woman would then pass into her husband's
manus. There was one loophole, however. If, within that
year, the woman was away for three consecutive nights, she would
not pass into the manus of her husband.
There were also
marital unions that did not require the women to pass into her
husband's manus. One, for instance, was free marriage.9 The wife would retain her
independence as filiafamilias to her paterfamilias. If
the father was dead, and had so stipulated in his will, she would
be suae iuris, responsible for herself. She, under suae
iuris, could then manage her own property and even initiate
a divorce. Concubinatus was another alternative to marriage.10 A concubine, or paelex,
was a woman who had regular sexual relations with a married man.
Often the man and his paelex would live together, but
without the adfectus maritalis that characterized usus
marriages. Children of this type of union were not legitimate,
indicating that the relationship was not itself legitimate. If,
however, the couple did have adfectus maritalis and there
were no legal disqualifications to marriage, the relationship
could become a matrimonium. Like Greek concubinage, concubinatus
was an acceptable alternative unless the paterfamilias gave the
woman as a concubine because he could not afford a dowry for
her (in which case it was an embarrassment). While not an actual
marriage, contubernium was a marital-like union often
practiced by slaves.111
Again the defining factor was cohabitation. This situation was
not a permanent one, but existed only until both partners gained
an alternative to marriage, though not for honorable women.12 Prostitutes were called
scortae, meretrices, or lupae, but did not
have the same status in Roman society as hetarai did in
Greek society. Like their Greek counterparts, they were usually
foreigners and were easy to identify with their make-up and flamboyant
attire that contrasted sharply with the austere look of the matronae.
They registered with the aediles and later were required to pay
taxes. As is the case today, prostitutes could work independently
or for a brothel owner, the leno or lena.
Closer to the Greek
hetarai were the courtesans, doctae puellae. Often
these mistresses would live with their mothers and sisters, under
a lena, or in an apartment provided by their lovers.13 Unlike prostitutes, courtesans
were usually of respectable Roman origin, although some were
freedwomen. They did not live with their lovers, but, unlike
prostitutes, usually had only one lover at a time.
Catullus, carmen 61, lines 211-15, the Wedding of Junia and Manlius.
The translation is my own.
Fantham, Elaine, Helene Peet Foley, Natalie Boymel Kampen, Sarah
B. Pomeroy, and H. Alan Shapiro. 1994. Women in the Classical
World. New York and Oxford, 280.
For more on women during the time of the elegists, see Wyke,
Maria. 1989. "Mistress
and Metaphor in Augustan Elegy," Helios 16.1: 25-49.
For a comprehensive overview of Roman marriage, see Treggiari,
Susan. 1991. Roman Marriage: Iusti Coniuges from the Time
of Cicero to the Time of Ulpian. Oxford.
For more on all marital options, see Corbett, Percy Ellwood.
1969. The Roman Law of Marriage. Oxford, chs. 3 &
Concubinatus and contubernium are two examples of marital options
for people without ius coniubium.
For more on the first three types of Roman marriage (confarreatio,
coemptio, and usus), see Cantarella, Eva. 1987.
Pandora's Daughters: The Role and Status of Women in Greek
and Roman Antiquity. Baltimore, 116-118 and Grimal, Pierre.
1986. Love in Ancient Rome. Translated from French by
Arthur Train, Jr. Norman, OK, 57-62.
The Flamen Dialis and Pontifex Maximus, for instance, were
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be remembered with any discussion on swaddling. Noteworthy is that no infants we studied escaped from the swaddle that we designed for this study.
Epidemiologic studies suggest that swaddled and supine sleeping infants have a significantly lower risk for SIDS than unswaddled supine sleeping infants.16,17 This decreased risk may derive from the motor restraint of swaddling keeping infants from rolling to a prone position and preventing them from getting their heads caught in loose blankets.16 Fewer arousals during swaddled supine sleep may also prevent infants from attempting to get into a wedged, head-covered, or prone position.
A comparison of unswaddled prone sleep and swaddled supine sleep would be interesting in the study of the arousal pathway progression because prone sleep is associated with decreased behavioral arousals.5–9 Prone sleep may inhibit arm movements associated with a full extensor startle response, which would lead to less frequent behavioral arousal by reducing proprioceptive stimuli in the same way that may occur during swaddling. Decreased arousability has been implicated as a cause for SIDS in prone sleeping infants. It is not known how swaddled supine sleeping arousability compares with prone sleeping arousability. As well, it is unknown whether swaddling might impair arousal in some life-threatening situations. However, epidemiologic studies clearly show that swaddling decreases the risk for SIDS more than supine sleeping alone.16,17
When interviewed, many parents have said that startles can cause full arousals in their infants. The present findings indicate that swaddling during QS inhibits each sequential step in the arousal pathway. It has been previously proposed that swaddling inhibits full arousal by limiting the movement and proprioceptive stimulation of startles.10,18,19 A similar explanation was expressed by Sherrington20 for “chained reflexes” in which the motor activity of the initial reflex serves as a stimulus for the next reflex in the chain. This theory offers an explanation for our findings in QS; however, the theory alone cannot explain the observations in REM sleep. We found that during REM sleep, the infant is as likely to arouse from the startle when swaddled as when unswaddled. Why this is the case is unclear but may be related to previous observations. Normally, a significantly greater number of startles occur in REM than in QS.21 Furthermore, it has been shown that repeated arousal stimuli leads to a more rapid inhibition of the arousal pathway in REM sleep than in QS.22 The first evidence of habituation is a decrease in the number of startles that progress to full arousal. We found that infants have more startles in REM sleep when unswaddled than when swaddled. It follows that both arm movements and associated proprioceptive stimulation would be increased in unswaddled infants. It could be that unswaddled infants, during REM sleep, habituate to the increased frequency and magnitude of this proprioceptive stimuli to a greater extent than when swaddled. Such habituation would lead to a reduction in overall behavioral arousals that follow startles when unswaddled. This would have the effect of reducing the difference in behavioral arousals in unswaddled and swaddled infants. In any case, full arousals were shorter in duration when swaddled than unswaddled, which resulted in the infant’s returning to sleep more rapidly.
It should be pointed out that the startle-arousal proprioceptive theory has limitations in that it does not explain our other finding that progression of sighs to startles is inhibited by swaddling in both sleep states. Why this is so is unclear as proprioceptive stimuli associated with a sigh seem unlikely to be affected by swaddling.
Unlike QS duration, swaddling was associated with more REM sleep in this study. The increased REM sleep duration during swaddling likely is related to briefer arousals, allowing the infant to return to sleep more rapidly. Why a swaddled infant would have shorter arousal durations is not clear. The motor restraint of swaddling may limit additional movements, which could reduce the proprioceptive stimulation to the reticular activating system. Breaking the cycle of motor activity and associated proprioceptive stimulation could allow the infant to return to sleep.
The long-term effect of longer REM sleep duration in swaddled infants is unclear but may be beneficial. It has been suggested that REM sleep directs early brain maturation through control of neural activity.23 REM sleep may also play a role in protein synthesis and with the learning and memory processes.24,25 REM sleep deprivation may correlate with hyperactivity as well as depression.26,27
Infants who sleep supine have decreased awakenings during QS when swaddled. During REM sleep, behavioral arousals are unchanged but the infant is more likely to return to sleep on his or her own. This would reduce the need for parent intervention in helping an infant return to sleep. Therefore, a safe form of swaddling, that does not restrict hip movement or chest wall excursion and limits breaking free, may help parents decide to keep their infants in the supine sleep position and thereby prevent the additional risk of SIDS with prone sleeping.28
This research was funded by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant 10993. Institutional Training grant T32-HL07873 from the National Institutes of Health supported Claudia Gerard.
- Received June 25, 2002.
- Accepted August 12, 2002.
- Reprint requests to (B.T.T.) 660 South Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8208, St Louis, MO 63010. E-mail:
- ↵American Academy of Pediatrics, Task Force on Infant Positioning and SIDS. Positioning and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): update. Pediatrics.1996;98 :1216– 1218
- Kahn A, Grosswater J, Sottiaux M, Rebuffat E, Franco P, Dramaix M. Prone or supine body position and sleep characteristics in infants. Pediatrics.1993;91 :1112– 1115
- ↵Skadberg BT, Markestad T. Behaviour and physiological responses during prone and supine sleep in early infancy. Arch Dis Child.1997;76 :320– 324
- ↵Lipton EL, Steinschneider A, Richmond JB. Swaddling, a child care practice: historical, cultural, and experimental observations. Pediatrics.1965;35 :521– 567
- ↵Anders T, Emde R, Parmalee AH, eds. A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Criteria for Scoring States of Sleep and Wakefulness in Newborn Infants. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Brain Information Services/Brain Research Institutes; 1971
- ↵Sherrington C. The Integrative Action of the Nervous System. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1947:182–191
- ↵Luisada PV. REM deprivation and hyperactivity in children. Chicago Med Sch Q.1969;28 :97– 108
- Copyright © 2002 by the American Academy of Pediatrics<|endoftext|>NASA has just released this mind-blowing photograph Earth, which was captured earlier this month by the Agency's most recently launched Earth-observing satellite, Suomi NPP.
And it turns out there's a very good reason NASA can call this "the most amazing high-definition picture of Earth ever taken" — this photo, gorgeous as it is, is actually too beautiful to be real. That's right: this photo is a big fat phony. Sort of.
Alright, so it's not totally fake, but technically speaking it is a composite image [click here to download the 8000 x 8000 pixel version. Yes you read that correctly — this image is HUGE]. The camera on board Suomi NPP can only photograph small sections of Earth at a time, so the image you see here is actually something of a mosaic — a patchwork piece that collects photos taken from Suomi NPP over the course of January 4, 2012 and stitches them together.
Of course, when I say that Suomi photographs "small sections" of the Earth's surface, what I mean is that they're smaller than an absurdly hi-res photo of the entire planet; in actuality, they're still mind-numbingly enormous — like the true-color image of the Southeastern United States featured here.<|endoftext|>The declaration today by the Cameroon Republic that its portion of Africa's fourth largest lake is a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands follows similar declarations by Niger and Chad in 2001 and Nigeria in 2008.
"Lake Chad's inscription as only the 13th trans-boundary formally recognized wetland is highly significant as 11 of the areas so far declared are in Europe," said Denis Landenbergue, WWF International's wetlands conservation manager.
People fetching drinking water from Lake Chad. (Photo courtesy UN)
WWF, which partnered with the Lake Chad Basin Commission, the Ramsar Convention and the Global Environment Facility on projects in Lake Chad and with the governments on achieving the declaration, said the challenge now is to "turn the promise of protection for Lake Chad into a reality for the millions that depend on it."
Climate change, the demand for irrigation water upstream, and poor management decisions have reduced the size of Lake Chad by 90 percent over the past 40 years, according to the Ramsar Secretariat.
Lake Chad is the remnant of a vast lake known as Mega-Chad which 22,000 years ago drained a greener Sahara. Now the focal point of life in arid Sahelian Africa, the new internationally protected wetland is vital to endangered otters, gazelles and elephants as well as hippopotamuses, Nile crocodiles and many bird species.
Home to over 20 million people who depend on the lake for their fishing, hunting, farming and grazing, the entire Lake Chad basin is threatened by climate change, desertification and unsustainable management of water resources and fisheries, illustrating the theme of World Wetlands Day 2010 - Wetlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change.
Across the Sahara Desert, in another World Wetlands Day highlight, Algeria designated five new Wetlands of International Importance vital to the migrating birds on the northern side of the desert that stop at Lake Chad on the southern side.
The theme links to the UN designation of 2010 as the International Year of Biodiversity and to the increasingly important issue of water scarcity on a warming planet.
Anada Tiega, secretary general of the Ramsar Secretariat said today, "This year's theme, Wetlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change, with the slogan "Caring for wetlands: an answer to climate change," captures the sense of urgency we all feel about the need to address the potentially disastrous consequences of global climate change as quickly as possible, particularly in the wake of the Copenhagen meeting of the UNFCCC back in December."
"We are trying to emphasize, not only that wetlands must be a key part of any progress in global climate change issues, but also that the problems of climate change must be a addressed in a holistic, multi-sectoral, ecosystem-based manner," said Tiega. "Piecemeal solutions to individual problems may have the unforeseen consquences of impacting negatively upon other sectors and worsening our overall problems still further."
In South Africa, government officials launched the International Year of Biodiversity Monday and today in Tshwane, Gauteng designated the country's 20th Wetland of International Importance.
Wattled cranes like this crane and her chick inhabit South Africa's Ntsikeni Wetland of International Importance. (Photo courtesy International Crane Foundation)
Ntsikeni Nature Reserve, a 9,200 hectare site is one of the largest high altitude wetlands in South Africa and has undergone the least ecological change due to its status as a nature reserve. It is one of the most important habitats in Africa for the wattled crane, Bugeranus carunculatus.
Deputy Minister of Water and Envirnmental Affairs Rejoice Mabudafhasi said, "It is estimated that up to 60 percent of the wetlands in South Africa have been damaged or destroyed due to human impact. The continued loss of wetlands due to urban development is also of grave concern to our country. Development is taking place without sustainable urban planning for flood attenutation and storm water management.
Mabudafhasi said activities in South African wetlands are taking place without water-use licenses and environmental authorization. "Our department is concerned with the many coal mining appliciations in areas with unique wetlands," she said.
In Canada, more than 24 United Nations water experts opened a three-day meeting today in Hamilton, Ontario to plan fresh strategy for a coordinated approach to the global water crisis that they warn increasingly threatens both human health and international security.
Known as UN-Water, the group will formalize international ceremonies to mark World Water Day 2010, which falls on March 22, and help set direction and UN agency contributions for the next triennial World Water Development Report in 2012.
Chaired by newly elected Chairman Zafar Adeel, director of the UN University's Hamilton-based Institute for Water, Environment & Health, UN-Water was created to coordinate the work of 26 UN water-related agencies, and to interact with 17 partner groups such as WWF and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
"The global importance of water issues cannot be overstated. Virtually all climate change impacts are expressed through water in one form or another, including more severe storms and extreme floods, and rapidly disappearing glaciers, often called Earth's water towers," says Dr. Adeel, adding that the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts worsening impacts in immediate decades to come.
"My goal as the UN-Water Chair is to demonstrate the significance of water issues in global policy debates, including the ongoing financial crisis as well as food security, climate change, international peace and stability," he said. "Water is central to each of those debates but typically isn't seen as such."
Mouth of the Trempealeau River in the newly designated Upper Mississippi Floodplain Wetlands (Photo by Sandra Lines courtesy Ramsar)
In January, the government of the United States listed its 26th Wetland of International Importance, the 22,357 hectare Upper Mississippi River Floodplain Wetlands. The natural floodplain backwaters of the Upper Mississippi River were enlarged and enhanced by construction of locks and dams in the 1930s to improve commercial and recreational navigation.
Today the site, which threads through four northern Midwestern states - Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and Illinois - is the most important corridor of fish and wildlife habitat remaining in the central United States. It supports over 100 native fish species and the nationally endangered Higgins' Eye Pearly Mussel. The site is at the core of the Mississippi Flyway, through which 40 percent of North America's waterfowl migrate, and includes the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge and the Trempealeau National Wildlife Refuge.
In Washington, DC, the National Peace Corps Association is commemorating World Wetlands Day by hosting an online discussion and seeking innovative ideas on the role Africa's wetlands play in sustainable development and agriculture on the continent.
The discussion is being held on the Africa Rural Connect website, NPCA's online initiative which encourages the remixing of ideas to spur collaboration and develop ways to help solve rural Africa's greatest challenges. Click here to participate in the World Wetlands Day online discussion for Africa.
"People's stereotype of Africa is that it's a dry and dusty continent," said Molly Mattessich, who served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Mali. She is now general manager of online initiatives for the National Peace Corps Association and heads the Africa Rural Connect initiative. "Actually there are many countries that are green and lush and this type of terrain plays a major role in supporting entire ecosystems which include agriculture and critical food sources for rural populations."
In Europe, the European Space Agency's GlobWetland II project, launched last month, will contribute to the setting up of a Global Wetlands Observing System (G-WOS) in accordance with Ramsar's 2009-2015 strategic plan.
GlobWetland II was based on the findings and achievements of its precursor GlobWetland I, which ran from 2003 to 2008 also in collaboration with the Ramsar Convention.
"Earth observation is playing an increasingly important role in the inventory, assessment, monitoring and management of wetlands," said Nick Davidson, deputy secretary general of the Ramsar Convention.
GlobWetland II aims to develop a G-WOS pilot information system to produce a number of wetland-related geo-information maps and indicators over 200 wetland sites and surrounding areas for different points in time. The geographical regions covered will be the coastal catchment areas of the southern and eastern part of the Mediterranean basin, extending from Morocco to Turkey.
The coastal catchment basins of these countries are of particular interest for biodiversity because several endemic species are listed as critically endangered or extirpated, where a species no longer exists in a certain area, by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
At the end of the two-year development period, the GlobWetland II information system will be installed at a number of partner organizations and supporting agencies to help them fulfil their reporting obligation to Ramsar and to manage better their wetlands.
Rio Doce Wetland of International Importance in Brazil (Photo by Maria Carolina Hazin courtesy Ramsar)
In South America, the government of Brazil has designated Rio Doce State Park (Parque Estadual do Rio Doce) as its 10th Wetland of International Importance. Located in the southeastern region of Brazil, the rainforest lake system is the largest fragment of the endangered Atlantic Rainforest in Minas Gerais state. In addition to permanent and seasonal rivers, there are 42 natural lakes that represent six percent of the park surface.
The site hosts 10 different vegetation communities, 325 species of birds, and at least 77 mammals. The endemic and threatened Brazilian rosewood, Dalbergia nigra, can be found here, as well as other threatened species, such as jaguar, Panthera onca, Harpy eagle, Harpia harpyja, and North Muriqui, Brachyteles hypoxanthus, the largest primate of South America.
One of the main threats is the introduction of exotic, invasive fish species that have led to changes in the fish community. Nevertheless, the site has a management plan that is being implemented. The site is a fully protected area and is one of the core areas of the UNESCO Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve.
In Argentina, Grace de Haro from the Asociacion Arbol de Pie in the city of San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro province says an effort is underway to protect "los mallines," the wetlands of western Patagonia.
The mallines are typical Patagonian environments, highly productive grazing lands for cattle and sheep and, therefore, of great economic interest in the region. They are located along the entire west-east environmental gradient of the Andean cordillera from rainforests to arid steppes and semi-arid environments, including the Bariloche area in the foothills of the Andes, surrounded by lakes and mountains.
Municipal legislation passed in 2006 is aimed at protecting some of these wetland sites under the Ramsar Convention. De Haro quotes the legislation, "The Municipality protects and regulates the rational use of wetlands (mallines the local name) within the city, favoring their maintenance and natural state."
Argentina has 19 Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance, the latest designated in 2009. De Haro says as the population begins to realize how important wetlands are for life, this number could easily double in the near future.
"Decisions are not easy especially when there are linked to financial interests," de Haro says. "This is why
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i una famiglia.
Satana aspira ad influenzare il modo in cui trattiamo l’altro e cosa pensiamo dell’altro. Lui sa molto bene - se solo riuscisse a impadronirsi di una famiglia, può acquisire un'influenza maggiore sulla società.
Condito con esempi divertenti della sua stessa vita matrimoniale, Emerson Eggerichs condivide innumerevoli storie di vita reale dai viaggi di altre coppie, le cui relazioni matrimoniali sono state salvate, restaurate e persino migliorate con una qualità precedentemente non sperimentata grazie a queste semplici verità messe in atto.
Il libro si basa su semplici concetti biblici come " Perciò ripeto: lʼuomo deve amare sua moglie come ama se stesso; e la moglie deve rispettare suo marito." (Efesini 5:33).Consiste di tre parti che l'autore chiama il Ciclo Pazzo, il Ciclo Energizzante e il Ciclo ricompensato .
La prima parte si concentra sulla necessità che gli autori affermano che Dio ha messo in noi fin dalla Creazione: il bisogno di amore della donna (non è una novità, vero?) E il bisogno di rispetto dell'uomo (e quanto sia altrettanto importante per gli uomini sentirsi rispettati!) . Se abbiamo familiarità con questa idea o no, quando sentiamo che il nostro bisogno non è soddisfatto, spesso non riusciamo a soddisfare il bisogno dell'altro, anche tra i coniugi più ben intenzionati.
Il risultato? Il Ciclo Pazzo inizia a girare.
I capitoli seguenti mostrano cosa può accadere quando uno decide di fare un passo verso la soddisfazione incondizionata dell'altro; se è meritato o meno, e indipendentemente dal fatto che il proprio serbatoio sia pieno o meno. Mette i freni al Ciclo Pazzo , dando così forza al Ciclo Energizzante. È qui che il suo amore per lei motiva il suo rispetto nei suoi confronti, e il suo rispetto per lui motiva il suo amore verso di lei.
La parte finale e più importante del libro è il ciclo ricompensato. Questo sottolinea delicatamente:
Mentre è molto probabile che la tua ricompensa arriverà quando vivrai questi principi nel tuo matrimonio, non impostare come motivazione principale la tua ricompensa terrena. Sii amorevole con il tuo coniuge perché questo è ciò che Cristo ti chiede. Sii rispettoso in ogni situazione, perché è Cristo stesso al quale mostri rispetto quando lo dai al tuo coniuge. Fallo per lui.
Andando più in profondità nel tema dell'amore e del rispetto incondizionati all'interno di una relazione di matrimonio umano, quest'ultima parte corona il messaggio aprendo un'immagine più grande e meravigliosa. Questo ci ricorda la natura di Dio e la nostra relazione con Lui.
- Fin da bambina Dārta Debnere era un topo di biblioteca che ingoiava libri uno dopo l'altro. Ora sta imparando a capire i libri che hanno bisogno di una corretta masticazione per capirli. Le dinamiche umane sono un tema che ama approfondire. *<|endoftext|>The BPCLE Framework
What is the BPCLE Framework?
The Best Practice Clinical Learning Environment (BPCLE) Framework provides guidance in relation to six key elements that are the underpinnings of a quality clinical learning environment. Each element is necessary but not sufficient for achieving best practice and a number of the elements overlap or are inter-related. The six key elements are:
- An organisational culture that values learning
- Best practice clinical practice
- A positive learning environment
- An effective health service-education provider relationship
- Effective communication practices
- Appropriate resources and facilities
Each element includes a set of sub-objectives and the framework encourages organisations to explore the most effective and appropriate mechanisms to achieve them.
These three components were developed and refined over a number of projects conducted between 2008 and 2012. Stakeholders consulted during the process included education providers, health service staff and learners, who provided information relevant to a broad cross-section of professions, health service settings and geographical locations.
More information about each component can be found elsewhere in this section and in the video tutorials.
Watch an introductory tutorial on the BPCLE Framework
Who is the framework for?
The framework is relevant to all those who deliver and are responsible for the provision of clinical education and training in health professional disciplines, but is particularly targeted to the health and social care settings in which clinical education and training take place.
Therefore, although education providers are encouraged to read the framework and to work with their health service partners to assist with implementation, the BPCLE Framework primarily provides guidance to staff within health services who have responsibility for the organisation, management and delivery of clinical education in those settings.
Benefits of implementing the BPCLE Framework
Implementation of the BPCLE Framework is expected to bring a number of direct benefits to health services, including:
- Improvements to the clinical learning environment, resulting in better experiences for all learners and for staff involved in delivery of education and training.
- Efficiencies and improvements in clinical education activities and processes, resulting in less wasted effort by staff.
- Better relationships between health services and their education provider partners, resulting in more support for health service staff in the delivery of clinical education and improved teaching programs that produce work-ready graduates.
- Enhancement of the organisational learning culture, resulting in improved patient care and health outcomes.
In addition to these improvements relating to the delivery of clinical education and training, health services will derive a number of benefits from undertaking the processes associated with implementation of the BPCLE Framework, including:
- Organisational learning across and within health professions, leading to better relationships between disciplines and between staff.
- Increased awareness and understanding at all levels of the organisation of the costs and workloads associated with clinical education.
- Greater awareness of the processes associated with delivery of clinical education, which will in turn drive innovation and improvement.
- Empowerment of clinical education staff, through their involvement in review and planning activities and including them in the selection of appropriate indicators and objectives for targeting improvements.
A set of fact sheets and briefing documents to assist organisational coordinators with informing key stakeholder groups about implementation of the BPCLE Framework is available here.
Lessons from the pilot
Implementation of the BPCLE Framework was piloted in 11 health services across Victoria (one per Clinical Placement Network) in 2011-12. The pilot sites included large metropolitan acute health services, regional and rural hospitals, community health, general practice/primary care services and aged care settings. The pilot provided an opportunity to trial an implementation process and tools, and also to evaluate the usability and functionality of the BPCLE Resources Kit and PMF.
Aside from providing valuable feedback on the tools and protocols to inform their further development, the pilot produced five key findings:
- Implementation of the BPCLE Framework can be achieved on a multidisciplinary, whole-of-organisation basis, even for very large health services.
- The same implementation protocol and tools can be used regardless of the type of health service, its size or geographical location.
- Implementation of the framework provides an important organisational learning exercise that also serves as a mechanism for developing inter-disciplinary understanding and cooperation.
- The process requires someone within the health service to coordinate the implementation effort.
- The buy-in of senior management of the organisation is a significant enabler for successful implementation of the framework.<|endoftext|>Undoubtedly, switching to renewable energy is a priority for many countries. But making the switch isn’t easy, even for developed nations. According to an Environmental Leader report, all of Europe is struggling to keep its wind and solar markets afloat, much less make them prosperous. Is a bailout an order?
Falling prices, decreased demand, and the credit crunch are to blame, the report says. Key players in the renewable energy market are faced with touch choices: possibly shifting production of solar modules to Asia, and accepting giant wind energy-funding loans from the UK. Not what Europe had in mind when it launched solar and wind energy programs, no doubt.
Shifting solar cell production to Asia would, analysts believe, combat the rapid decrease in prices and market shares in the solar sector, while allowing Europe to compete with more-successful Asian competitors. Asian companies have voluntarily lowered their prices to steal market shares, while European solar cell and module production companies have a product surplus (which has forced their selling prices down). China, in particular, poses a significant challenge to the European solar market. Last year, China accounted for approximately 33 percent of global solar cell production, while Europe’s share declined to 25.6 percent. Moreover, last week, China unveiled an incentive program that will, by providing 50 percent subsidies for investment in solar power projects, further reduce China’s production costs (which are already the lowest in the world).
Meanwhile, accepting loans may be Europe’s most viable option for improving its wind energy industry, which suffers from a lack of funding. (The Guardian reports that this lack of cash stems, in part, from Conservative party councils’ blocking of three times more wind farms than they approve.) Case in point: the UK’s only major wind turbine source, Vestas, has threatened to close its manufacturing plant on the Isle of Wight because of the weakness of the domestic market. The UK is expected to kick start 1 gigawatt of onshore wind plans (stalled, currently, by the credit crunch) with a £1 billion ($1.6 billion) loan. The European Investment Bank, too, is loaning an additional £4 billion ($6.6 billion) to support UK energy projects.
Environmentalists and policy institutes are reportedly urging the government to utilize state equity stakes in banks (gained in last autumn’s bailout) to fund sustainability projects.<|endoftext|>A grouping of texts related within the system of literature by their sharing features of form and content. Ancient theoretical discussions of specific literary genres operate according to criteria which are one‐sidedly formal (generally metrical), thematic (the characters' moral or social quality, the general subject‐matter), or pragmatic (the situation of performance), but scarcely attempt to correlate or justify them.
Plato differentiates a number of existing poetic genres by their modes of presentation: mimetic (tragedy, comedy), narrational (dithyramb), or mixed (epic). But among the theoreticians it is only Aristotle who provides a genuinely complex theory, combining considerations of form, content, the author's and audience's psychology, metre, language, performance, traditionality, and evolution. Yet his surviving Poetics focuses mostly upon a single genre and is often elliptical and tentative: it furnishes many of the elements of a useful theory but does not fully work them out.
Subjects: Arts and Humanities.<|endoftext|>ورود وزیر فلسطینی به مناقشه قاچاق اعضای بدن فلسطینیها
یک وزیر فلسطینی و یک عضو عرب کنست (پارلمان) اسرائیل وارد مناقشه مربوط به فروش اعضای بدن فلسطینی ها شده اند.
یک روزنامه سوئدی چندی پیش در گزارشی این اتهام را متوجه اسرائیلی ها کرد که طبق آن اسرائیلی ها اعضای بدن فلسطینیان کشته شده را به فروش می رسانند.
این گزارش با خشم اسرائیل مواجه شد و دولت اسرائیل واکنش شدیدی به آن نشان داد.
عیسی قراقع، وزیر دولت خودگردان فلسطینی گفت اسرائیل از بازگرداندن اجساد فلسطینی های کشته شده توسط ارتش اسرائیل خودداری می کند چون می خواهد اسناد و شواهد برداشتن اعضای بدن را پنهان کند.
محمد برکه، عضو عرب کنست اسرائیل نیز گفت او باور می کند که اعضای بدن کشتگان فلسطینی برداشته شده، مگر این که اسرائیل خلاف آن را ثابت کند.
انتشار این گزارش در روزنامه سوئدی آفتونبلادت، پرتیراژترین روزنامه این کشور منجر به تنش در روابط اسرائیل و سوئد شد تا حدی که وزیر خارجه سوئد سفر خود به اسرائیل را لغو کرد.
گزارش این روزنامه در یکی از شماره های ماه اوت خود سربازان ارتش اسرائیل را متهم می کرد که اعضای بدن فلسطینیان کشته شده را می فروشند. در این گزارش، فروش اعضای بدن فلسطینی ها از سوی یک مقام ناشناس سازمان ملل تائید شده بود.
این مقاله با خشم دولت اسرائیل مواجه شد که آن را "ضد یهود" خواند. دولت اسرائیل از سوئد خواسته تا انتشار این گزارش را محکوم کند اما دولت سوئد می گوید این امر مغایر با حق آزادی بیان است.
وزیر کشور اسرائیل در واکنش به این موضوع گفته بود که مجوز کار برای خبرنگاران این روزنامه صادر نخواهد کرد.
سوئد در حال حاضر ریاست دوره ای اتحادیه اروپا را به عهده دارد.<|endoftext|>这两种方法都处于临床试验阶段。
“这是大多数其他州可以效仿的模型。美国比艾滋病毒/艾滋病，它已成为一个主要的公共卫生问题。
目前，kp每年为超过1亿的访客提供服务。“尽管X射线晶体学是最先进的技术为了确定蛋白质结构和功能，它并非没有问题，“ Argonne的Andrzej Joachimiak说道。
“虽然需要进一步研究以检查自我报告和实际安全性结果之间的关联，但我们的研究结果提供了睡眠质量和疲劳是EMS安全的重要指标的初步证据，”帕特森博士说。
当它出现在中国出生的男孩多于女孩时，一场全国性的运动开始反对性别选择性堕胎。多年来与甲状腺相关的研究。
Navaneethan博士说。在体内，用未经处理的小鼠处理的小鼠具有较小的肿瘤，与未处理的小鼠相比，其重量较轻，基本上阻止了肿瘤的进展。
在细胞中表达后，这些重组抗体特异性地螯合并稳定了响应胰岛素而产生的PTP1B的氧化形式。
总体而言，医生培训似乎无法降低患者的血糖水平。 Howell的研究表明，低剂量辐射可以通过抑制单核细胞反应来防止对视神经的损害。如果这些结果转化为人类，那么科学家可能不得不重新思考他们如何研究不同食物对人类微生物组的影响。
相关故事研究发现睾丸激素与男性对状态商品的偏好之间存在关联性与绝经后女性心脏病风险较高有关的激素水平男性健康周研究人员已表明负责细胞用于在成人中产生睾酮 - 称为Leydig细胞 - 来源于睾丸中发现的特定干细胞群。
此外，在研究开始和注射后三个月的24小时内，女性佩戴了皮肤电导监测仪，客观地测量了潮热，并让女性在感觉到热潮时记录下来。该过程的早期胰岛素合成阶段的作用来自那些似乎在胰岛素储存和分泌的后期阶段起作用的阶段。
“随着肥胖和糖尿病的流行引起NAFLD和NASH的病例，了解这些代谢条件对肝移植后结果的影响是很重要的，” Afzali博士说。研究员;华盛顿大学的生物学家Benjamin Kerr.By Sally Robertson，BSc 2014年5月22日专家表示，需要进行大力调查，以确定大麻的医疗用途是否对癫痫患者有益。密歇根选民不相信处方授权会影响甲基犯罪分子获取前体化学品多盈娱乐的能力。
与ChromaDex®的关系将使我们能够传播这些令人惊叹的非洲植物材料令人兴奋的特性，“ AAMPS主任Denzil Phillips表示，“ChromaDex®在提供全面的植物化学和植物标准库方面处于领先地位。
如果您有Medicare Advantage计划，例如通过Anthem提供的计划，您的保险公司可能会让药剂师与您一起检查您的药物，无需额外费用。为了评估参与者的文化适应/同化程度，研究人员对三个变量进行了排名：1）种族/民族; 2）面试时选择的语言; 3）美国或其他国家的出生地。
转载请注明：“ 转载地址：http://www.hzjmyl.com/chezaiyongpin/chezailanya/201808/2405.html ”。<|endoftext|>Edinilen bilgiye göre, Samsun'un İlkadım ilçesinin Karadeniz Mahallesi Muzaffer Önder Parkı içinde 23 Eylül gecesi Abdullah K.'nın (61) sigara isteme bahanesiyle yanına gelen 2 kişi, Abdullah K.'yı darp edip bıçak çekerek 35 lira parasını ve sigarasını gasp edip kaçtı.
Kale Mahallesi Anıt Park'ta geceleyin sigara isteme bahanesiyle Ömer Y.'nin (52) yanına gelen 2 kişi, Ömer Y.'yi darp edip boğazına bıçak dayayarak 18 dal sigarasını gasp edip kaçtı. Pazar Mahallesi Telgrafhane Sokak'ta 06 Ekim'de gece Adem C.'nin (41) yanına gelen 3 kişi, Adem C.'nin kollarını ve ayaklarını tutarak cebinde bulunan yaklaşık bin lira parayı gasp edip kaçtı.
Samsun Emniyet Müdürlüğü Asayiş Şube Müdürlüğü Cinayet ve Gasp Büro Amirliği ekipleri, olay yerinde elde edilen sigara paketindeki parmak izinden yola çıkarak önce B.P.'yi (22) yakaladı. Adliyeye sevk edilen B.P. bir süre önce tutuklandı.
Soruşturmayı derinleştiren Cinayet ve Gasp Büro Amirliği ekipleri, 3 gasp olayına karıştıkları iddia edilen A.K. (36), R.P. (39) ve Y.K.'yi (19) yakalayarak gözaltına aldı. Polisteki sorguları tamamlanan 3 kişi bugün Samsun Adliyesine sevk edildi.
Nöbetci mahkemeye ifade veren 3 kişi tituklanarak Samsun Kapalı Cezaevine gönderildi.<|endoftext|>Veterinary researchers find paperless classrooms, use of tablet computers benefit students, faculty
Thursday, June 5, 2014
MANHATTAN — A tablet is often prescribed by doctors for medical treatments, but what about a computer tablet for teaching students about veterinary medicine? A new article by researchers in the Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine explores the impact of this teaching tool in the new issue of the Journal of Veterinary Medical Education.
"The use of tablet PCs, or personal computers, has been investigated in many disciplines such as engineering, mathematics, science and education, but we wanted to explore student and faculty attitudes and experiences in veterinary medical education," said Hong Wang, coordinator of instructional technology and design at the veterinary college and co-principal investigator of the grant that led to the journal article. The other authors of this study were Bonnie Rush,
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soddisfazione dalla cura degli esseri viventi. La cura delle piante e degli animali è infatti considerata una parte notevolmente importante dell'educazione Montessori. Ed è proprio questo uno dei motivi per cui, se ci si affaccia in una classe montessoriana, possiamo piacevolmente notare la presenza di piante e piccoli animali.
Perché dovremmo supportare anche a casa la cura degli animali?
Maria Montessori aveva intuito che la cura degli animali sviluppa una serie di abilità insieme a molti tratti caratteriali positivi, che rendono lo sviluppo del/la bambino/a decisamente più completo.
Oggi, anche diversi studi scientifici recenti, come quello australiano del 2020 pubblicato su “The Journal of Pediatrics”, evidenzia come la proprietà di animali domestici sia “associata a una serie di benefici per la salute fisica, mentale e sociale sia negli adulti che nei bambini”. I proprietari di animali da compagnia in età adulta risultano essere, rispetto a coloro che non ne hanno, più attivi fisicamente, con problemi di salute minori e con maggiore sensibilità sociale e senso di comunità. Per quanto riguarda i/le più piccoli/e, questo studio ha riscontrato migliori risultati nella crescita dei bambini e delle bambine che possedevano animali domestici in casa, dimostrando come questi possano svolgere un ruolo importante nello sviluppo socio-emotivo e nell’acquisizione di “autostima, autonomia, fiducia, empatia, comportamento pro-sociale (condivisione, aiuto, cooperazione) e diminuzione dei sentimenti di solitudine”. Tuttavia fino ad oggi la maggior parte degli studi in questo campo è limitata da problemi metodologici, in quanto i campioni di ricerca sono ancora piccoli e poco rappresentativi, e dai questi quindi non si possono ottenere risultati assoluti.
Quattro validi motivi che supportano l'educazione Montessori
1. Prendersi cura di un animale o di un altro essere vivente, aiuta i più piccoli a sviluppare sentimenti di compassione e affetto nei confronti di colui/colei a cui rivolgono le loro cure. Imparano a percepire che le loro azioni possono essere fondamentali per la sopravvivenza di un altro essere vivente, offrendo così la consapevolezza di avere un ruolo importante e interconnesso in questo mondo. Quando l’animale risponde, ad esempio, mangiando al cibo portato dal/dalla bambino/a, questo lo/a fa sentire utile e legato/a a lui. La comprensione che tutte le cose siano interconnesse tra loro è uno degli aspetti più importanti della filosofia Montessori.
2. Avere un animale di cui prendersi cura supporta lo sviluppo della responsabilità e l’acquisizione della fiducia in se stessi. Così come regala importanti lezioni di vita: ricordarsi di riempire la ciotola d’acqua perché l’animale non resti assetato o mantenere pulito il loro spazio, permette al/la bambino/a di crescere nella responsabilità e di comprendere il valore e l’importanza dell’accudimento, ma anche l'inevitabilità della morte.
3. I bambini e le bambine, soprattutto i più piccoli di due, tre anni, hanno ancora bisogno di una guida su come essere gentili e delicati nei movimenti. All’inizio si muovono bruscamente e con poca attenzione, cose che impareranno man mano crescendo, e quando si ha un animale in casa, soprattutto all’inizio, non sempre i/le bambini/e riescono ad avere gesti delicati anche nei confronti degli animali. Ma percepire lo spavento dell’animale o il suo allontanamento, insieme al supporto dell’adulto, permette di accelerare l’esercizio anche in quei gesti di “grazia e cortesia”, proprio come li chiamava la Montessori, perché il desiderio di accarezzarli li/e spinge a migliorare più velocemente e insegna loro che anche gli animali vanno rispettati e trattati con dolcezza. Inoltre, trasportare acqua e cibo per nutrire l’animale, per un/a bambino/ è un importante lavoro di controllo motorio.
4. Avere degli animali domestici in casa insegna ai/alle bambini/e che esistono altri esseri viventi con crescita e cicli di vita diversi da quelli umani. Possono imparare, con l’aiuto dell’adulto, ad osservare l’evoluzione della natura quotidianamente, facendo domande, ipotesi e trovando risposte. Tutte caratteristiche queste decisamente necessarie anche al loro percorso di apprendimento al di fuori delle mura di casa.
La cura degli animali domestici da parte dei bambini e delle bambine però non va improvvisata. Vanno necessariamente concordati ad esempio gli orari in cui dare il cibo o cambiare l’acqua o stabilire quando è necessario, in modo che il bambino o la bambina possano riconoscere esattamente il momento in cui farlo. Ed è altrettanto fondamentale stabilire le quantità di cibo perché l’animale resti in salute. È chiaro che, soprattutto all’inizio, questa sarà un’attività svolta con l’accompagnamento dell’adulto. Va inoltre individuata una zona fissa in cui portare acqua e cibo, che sia di facile accesso e senza ostacoli per il/la bambino/a, possibilmente non troppo distante da un rubinetto o fonte d’acqua esterna.
L’adozione di un animale domestico: una scelta importante per tutta la famiglia
Adottare un animale domestico comporta delle grandi responsabilità, sia per i grandi che per i piccoli. Ed è per questo che, nonostante possano esserci dei benefici per bambini e bambine, è una decisione che comunque andrebbe sempre prima valutata approfonditamente considerando diversi aspetti come: lo spazio a disposizione, i frequenti spostamenti da casa della famiglia, gli impegni quotidiani e la predisposizione alla cura di un'altra specie vivente. È bene sempre ricordarsi che prima di tutto i bambini e le bambine imparano a comportarsi guardando gli adulti di riferimento, quindi i primi ad essere pronti ad accogliere e accudire un animale in casa dobbiamo essere proprio noi genitori.
Se dopo attente valutazioni ci rendessimo conto che l’adozione di un animale domestico andrebbe a compromettere l’equilibrio quotidiano della famiglia, è bene fare un passo indietro, perché in quel caso convivere con un animale mal gestito, diventerebbe controproducente, non solo per l’animale, ma per il/la bambino/a stesso/a. Potremmo trovare, di conseguenza, delle valide alternative per permettere ai bambini e le bambine di stare spesso a contatto con gli animali: magari attraverso percorsi appositi istituiti dai responsabili dei canili o delle colonie feline della città, così come percorsi in natura in aziende agricole o associazioni del territorio.
Ad ogni mondo, in qualunque situazione ci troveremo, le lezioni che i/le più piccoli/e impareranno attraverso la cura degli animali diventeranno un bagaglio prezioso che resterà con loro per sempre.
Come ha detto Maria Montessori, “Il bambino che ha sentito un forte amore per ciò che lo circonda e per tutte le creature viventi, che ha scoperto gioia ed entusiasmo nel lavoro, ci dà motivo di sperare che l'umanità possa svilupparsi in una nuova direzione”. (M. Montessori – Educazione e pace)
“Pets Are Associated with Fewer Peer Problems and Emotional Symptoms, and Better Prosocial Behavior: Findings from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children” - The Journal of Pediatrics – May 2020
Maria Montessori, Educazione e Pace, 2004
M. Montessori, La scoperta del bambino, 1999<|endoftext|>The deer tick, which often carries the Lyme disease microbe, requires very humid surroundings and would probably not survive longer than forty-eight hours in the dry air of a house.
The deer tick belongs to the hard-bodied tick group, but certain other kinds of ticks can live for long periods under adverse conditions.
Deer ticks are commonly found on the West Coast of the United States and Canada.
One species of soft-bodied tick that carries relapsing fever bacteria, found mostly in the western United States, is an extreme case.
The Federal Centers for Disease Control investigated an outbreak of relapsing fever among guests in cabins on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon in 1973.
The ticks collected were kept in the laboratory, and fed a blood meal every two or three years.
In 1992, they were still around.<|endoftext|>Le forze armate russe distruggeranno i carri armati M1 Abrams di fabbricazione statunitense e altri equipaggiamenti militari della Nato se verranno forniti all'Ucraina: lo ha detto l'ambasciatore russo negli Stati Uniti, Anatoly Antonov, sottolineando che Washington vuole infliggere alla Russia una "sconfitta strategica". Lo riporta la Tass. Anche il portavoce del Cremlino ha sottolineato che "bruceranno nello stesso modo degli altri".
"Per tutta la durata della crisi ucraina, l'amministrazione (Usa, ndr) ha ripetutamente utilizzato la tecnica di pubblicare informazioni sui media alla vigilia di importanti consegne di armi e di attrezzature al regime di Kiev. L'analisi dell'intera sequenza delle azioni di Washington mostra che gli americani stanno costantemente alzando l"asticellà dell'assistenza militare al loro governo fantoccio. Questo è particolarmente chiaro quando le Forze Armate russe ottengono nuove vittorie e liberano con sicurezza il territorio della Russia dalla minaccia nazista", ha detto l'ambasciatore rispondendo a una domanda sulla prevista consegna dei carri armati Usa a Kiev. "Se verrà presa la decisione di trasferire a Kiev gli M1 Abrams, i carri armati americani saranno senza dubbio distrutti come tutti gli altri equipaggiamenti militari della Nato", ha aggiunto: "Ovviamente, Washington sta deliberatamente cercando di infliggerci una sconfitta strategica".
"Sono convinto che molti specialisti comprendano l'assurdità di inviare i carri armati in Ucraina" ha detto Peskov. "Sotto l'aspetto tecnologico - ha aggiunto il portavoce - questo è un piano abbastanza fallimentare, e soprattutto una chiara sopravvalutazione del potenziale che andrà ad aggiungersi alle forze armate ucraine". "Tutto questo - ha affermato ancora Peskov - ricadrà prima di tutto sulle spalle di quelli che in Europa pagano le tasse mentre gli americani come sempre come minimo non subiranno perdite, ma molto probabilmente ne trarranno profitto".
Intanto, la fregata russa Ammiraglio Gorshkov, presente nell'Oceano Atlantico, ha eseguito un'esercitazione sull'uso di armi missilistiche ipersoniche utilizzando la simulazione al computer. Lo ha reso noto il ministero della Difesa russo. "L'equipaggio della fregata Admiral Gorshkov, che opera nella parte occidentale dell'Oceano Atlantico, si è addestrata all'uso di un'arma missilistica ipersonica con il metodo della modellazione computerizzata", ha spiegato il ministero.
Mentre l'Occidente si prepara ad inviare carri armati da combattimento in Ucraina, il governo di Mosca dunque reagisce mostrando i muscoli. I Zircon sono missili di nuova generazione, che secondo Mosca viaggiano a una velocità nove volte superiore a quella del suono, con una portata di oltre 1.000 km.
"Coerentemente con l'ambiente di addestramento, la fregata Ammiraglio Gorshkov si è esercitata ai preparativi per un attacco con un missile ipersonico Zircon su un bersaglio marittimo che imitava una finta nave nemica a una distanza di oltre 900 chilometri".<|endoftext|>Realistic (fiction), 107 words, Level E (Grade 1), Lexile 330L
Andy and Jay are eating watermelon outside. They decide to have a watermelon seed-spitting contest. Whose seeds will go the farthest? Supportive pictures, repetitive phrases, and high-frequency words support early readers.
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away, then, went
contest, farther, mine, past, seed, spit
Use of vocabulary lessons requires a subscription to VocabularyA-Z.com.
Teach the Objectives
Use the reading strategy of making, revising, and confirming predictions to understand text
Sequence Events : Sequence events
Segment Onset and Rime : Segment onset and rime
Consonants : Identify initial consonant blend st
Grammar and Mechanics
Quotation Marks : Recognize and understand the use of quotation marks
Position Words : Recognize, understand, and use position words
Think, Collaborate, Discuss
Promote higher-order thinking for small groups
or whole class<|endoftext|>Barge Transport Wins on Fuel Efficiency
A report commissioned by the U.S. National Waterways Foundation indicates that inland river barge transportation has improved its fuel efficiency for cargo transport compared to road or rail.
The study shows that barges can move a ton of cargo 647 miles with a single gallon of fuel, an increase from an earlier estimate of 616 miles. In contrast, trains can move the same ton of cargo 477 miles per gallon, and trucks can move the same ton of cargo 145 miles per gallon.
The improvement for barge transport was due in part to the continual upgrading of the fleet and the high utilization rates that were achieved in the latter part of the study period. Rail and truck remained almost unchanged during the same period.
The study, A Modal Comparison of Domestic Freight Transportation Effects on the General Public: 2001–2014 (January 2017), was conducted by the Texas Transportation Institute’s Center for Port and Waterways at Texas A&M University. It is an update from an earlier study peer reviewed in 2009 which was updated in 2014 and again in 2017.
The 2017 update addresses cargo capacity, congestion, emissions, energy efficiency, safety impacts and infrastructure impacts. It compares the cargo capacity of trucks, trains and inland river barges. One common 15-barge river tow has the same capacity as 1,050 trucks and 216 rail cars pulled by six locomotives.
To fully appreciate the carrying capacity of a barge, the study notes that a loaded, covered hopper barge transporting wheat carries enough product to make almost 2.5 million loaves of bread, or the equivalent of one loaf of bread for almost every person in the state of Kansas. A loaded tank barge transporting gasoline carries enough product to satisfy the current annual gasoline demand of approximately 2,500 people.
The report estimated that the amount of cargo currently transported on major rivers is equivalent to more than 49 million truck trips annually. The hypothetical diversion of current waterway freight traffic to the nation’s highways would add 1,046 combination trucks to the current 875 trucks per day, per lane on a typical rural interstate. The percentage of combination trucks in the average annual daily traffic on rural interstates would rise 14 percent, from the current 17 percent.
After adjusting for differences in cargo quantity moved by each mode, for each member of the public injured in a barge accident, 80.44 are injured in rail accidents and 824 are injured in truck accidents. For fatalities, there are 79 trucking deaths and 21.9 rail deaths for one barge-related death.
The rate of spills of more than 1,000 gallons are very low for barges, at 2.12 gallons per-million-ton-miles, rail at 5.95 and trucks at 6.04. Additionally, inland waterways transport generates far fewer emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide than rail or truck per-million-ton-miles. On this basis, barges emit 15.6 tons of C02, while railroads emit 21.2 tons of C02 (30 percent more than barge transportation). Trucks generate 154.2 tons or 10 times more emissions than barges per ton-mile of cargo moved.
The report is available here.<|endoftext|>Uzun vadede kuralları esnetenler, çiğneyenlerden daha çok zarar verir. Kuralları esnetenler bunu işlerini halletmek için yaptıklarını söylerler. İşin aslı bunu kendi çıkarları için yaparlar. Bunu yaparlar çünkü disiplinden yoksunlardır ve disiplinin yokluğu, işleri mahveder.
Disiplin İle İlgili Sözler
Disiplin İle İlgili Sözler, Disiplin ile ilgili sözler atatürk, Disiplin ile ilgili hikayeler, Başarıda disiplinin önemi, Başarı ile ilgili sözler, Disiplin nedir, Çalışmak ile ilgili sözler, Öz disiplin, Öz disiplin ile ilgili makaleler<|endoftext|>Unilever bilancio 2021: andamento del fatturato e della trimestrale
Unilever NV è un’azienda di beni di largo consumo che gestisce oltre 400 brand ed è articolata nelle seguenti business units:
- Bellezza e cura della persona: comprende principalmente prodotti per la cura della pelle e dei capelli, deodoranti e prodotti per l’igiene orale e opera con vari marchi tra cui Axe, Clear, Dove, Fissan, Impulse, Mentadent e Rexona sono noti al mercato italiano;
- Prodotti per la casa: include i prodotti per la pulizia e opera con vari marchi tra cui Cif è quello più conosciuto sul mercato italiano;
- Alimentare: comprende, tra i prodotti distribuiti in Italia, principalmente bevande (Lipton), cibi pronti (Knorr) e gelati (Algida, Magnum, Carte d’Or).
La Società opera in più di 190 mercati e gestisce circa 300 stabilimenti in oltre 70 Paesi suddivisi nei segmenti geografici Europa, Americhe e Resto del mondo.
L’andamento dei ricavi è esposto nella tabella sottostante;
La ripartizione geografica dei medesimi è riassunta nel prospetto seguente:
Il conto economico del periodo può essere così riclassificato:
Più in dettaglio, la composizione del risultato operativo è indicata nella tabella sottostante:
Alla data sopra indicata lo stato patrimoniale era il seguente:<|endoftext|>Background of Science
Science gives answers to questions, it's a method of gaining knowledge. The scientific process is the way in which scientific ideas are developed
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ellenza. Furono proposte numerose scale termometriche, tra le quali si imposero la ottantigrada di Réaumur, la centigrada di Celsius e quella di Fahrenheit. Come punti fissi delle scale furono scelti le temperature del ghiaccio fondente e dell'ebollizione dell'acqua.
Data aggiornamento 08/feb/2008<|endoftext|>Apple and Google are Launching a Joint Covid 19 Tracing Tool for iOS and Android
Apple and Google’s engineering teams have banded together to create a decentralized contact tracing tool that will help individuals determine whether they have been exposed to someone with COVID-19.
Contact tracing is a useful tool that helps public health authorities track the spread of the disease and inform the potentially exposed so that they can get tested. It does this by identifying and “following up with” people who have come into contact with a COVID-19-affected person.
How it works
A quick example of how a system like this might work:
Two people happen to be near each other for a period of time, let’s say 10 minutes. Their phones exchange the anonymous identifiers (which change every 15 minutes).
Later on, one of those people is diagnosed with COVID-19 and enters it into the system via a Public Health Authority app that has integrated the API.
With an additional consent, the diagnosed user allows his anonymous identifiers for the last 14 days to be transmitted to the system.
The person they came into contact with has a Public Health app on their phone that downloads the broadcast keys of positive tests and alerts them to a match.
The app gives them more information on how to proceed from there.<|endoftext|>Covid, von der Leyen: "Fermeremo i voli dall'Africa meridionale, ma vaccini siano adattati alle nuove varianti"
"La Commissione europea ha proposto ai Paesi membri di sospendere i voli con i Paesi interessati dalla nuova variante in attesa di conoscere il reale pericolo. I contratti dell'Unione europea con i produttori affermano che i vaccini devono essere adattati immediatamente alle nuove varianti man mano che emergono". Lo ha detto la presidente della Commissione europea, Ursula von der Leyen, in una dichiarazione alla stampa.00:52<|endoftext|>نوربخش داداشی در گفتگو با خبرنگار مهر اظهارکرد: از شامگاه دوشنبه با نفوذ سامانه بارشی، شاهد افزایش ابر و بارش های پراکنده در سطح هستیم و این شرایط تا پایان هفته ادامه دارد.
وی افزود: امروز (سه شنبه) دمای هوای استان نسبت به روز گذشته سه الی چهار درجه سانتیگراد سردتر خواهد شد.
داداشی با بیان این که از روز چهارشنبه بارش ها در نواحی کوهستانی اتفاق خواهند افتاد، ادامه داد: اما از روز پنجشنبه با تقویت سامانه ناپایدار، بارش ها از شدت بیشتری برخوردار خواهند شد و در نواحی کوهستانی و مرتفع بارش ها به صورت برف پیشبینی میشود.
مدیرکل هواشناسی گلستان گفت: در روزهای پنجشنبه و جمعه به دلیل شدت بارش ها و بارش برف در ارتفاعات احتمال اختلال در تردد جاده های کوهستانی وجود دارد.
وی بیان کرد: این سامانه شنبه هفته آینده استان را ترک خواهد کرد.<|endoftext|>The Talmudists say that Adam lived in Paradise only twelve hours, and account for the time thus:—
The first hour, God collected the dust and animated it. The second hour, Adam stood on his feet. The fourth hour, he named the animals. The sixth hour, he slept and Eve was created. The seventh hour, he married the woman. The tenth hour, he fell. The twelfth hour, he was thrust out of Paradise.
The Mohammedans tell us he fell on Mount Serendib, in Ceylon, where there is a curious impression in the granite resembling a human foot, above 5 feet long and 2.5; feet broad. They tell us it was made by Adam, who stood there on one foot for 200 years to expiate his crime; when Gabriel took him to Mount Arafath, where he found Eve. (See Adam's Peak.)
Adam was buried, according to Arabian tradition, on Aboucais, a mountain of Arabia.
The old Adam; beat the offending Adam out of thee; the first Adam.
The second Adam; the new Adam, etc.; I will give you the new Adam.
When Adam delved and Eve span
When Adam delved and Eve span Who was then the gentleman?
A faithful Adam
Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894<|endoftext|>Differences and similarities
Mythology is the history and beliefs of a people who were able to see the magic in the world all around them. “Today their alters are empty, their great temples in ruins. But the gods of the ancient Greeks and Romans live on in powerful myths that have borne retelling for countless generations. Greek mythology and its Roman counterpart have fascinated people for ages. Despite their similarities Greek and Roman mythology has key differences: in the Gods names, what they are based off of, ideologies and stories of creation. Although these stories were told centuries ago, they can still relate to us today.
The first point to realize is that Greek mythology came long before Roman mythology did. When the Romans conquered the Greeks they adopted many of their customs and most importantly their beliefs. The first and most noticeable difference between Greek and Roman mythology lies in the Gods and Goddess’s names. The Greek names tend to the ones people are the most familiar with: Zeus king of the gods, Aphrodite goddess of love and others. All of the Gods have a Roman counterpart, because it was the Greek ones that came first. In Roman mythology Zeus is known as Jupiter, Aphrodite is known as Venus, and so on.
Theses two mythologies also differed on ideology. The Greeks were a philosophical people; they valued individualism; poets and artists were held in the highest esteem. The Romans tended to place more value on honor and bravery and they in turn idolized warriors and heroes. The Greeks were a people who focused little on the afterlife. In their beliefs immortality was achieved by living a life that is remembered forever. The Romans were actually concerned with the afterlife. They tried to live good lives to be ensured their good standing after death took them.
Another major area that these two mythologies differed was in their stories of creations. In Greek mythology, the world was created by a union between Mother Earth and Uranus the sky. The children created from this union are the 12 Titans, the 3 Cyclops, and the 50 headed monsters. While Uranus looked with pride upon the beautiful and strong Titans he loathed the ugly one-eyed Cyclops and the 50 headed monsters. He could not stand to have them walking around on his beautiful Mother Earth so threw them into a deep dark pit known as Tartarus. Mother earth was furious at this so she turned to her Titan children to help her overthrow Uranus.
She fashioned a sickle, and only Cronos the youngest and strongest of the Titans took up her challenge. With the sickle, he defeated his tyrant father. However he then, in turn, became a tyrant over the earth. He did not free the Cyclops of the 50 headed monsters so Mother Earth began to plot against him. Every time Cronos’s wife Rhea would bear him a child he would swallow it, because he knew that one of his children would defeat him just like he defeated his father. Sad that she had no children Cronos’s wife turned to Mother Earth for help and she told her how to trick Cronos.
When she bore Zeus, she wrapped up a rock in a blanket and gave it Cronos to swallow instead. So Zeus was saved and whisked away to be raised in secret by nymphs. When he was grown he turned to Mother Earth to help him overthrow Cronos. She told him that he could not overthrow Cronos on his own since the other Titans would come to his aide. So she gave him a potion, and when Zeus secretly gave it to Cronos, Cronos became violently sick and vomited up Zeus’s brothers and sisters. Together they freed the Cyclops and 50 headed monsters and with their help, Zeus overthrew Cronos and took over as Ruler of the heavens and earth.
However, unlike his father, he shared his power with his brothers, sisters, and children. Together they make up the twelve gods and goddess of Olympus. They are Zeus ruler of the heavens and universe, Hera queen of the gods, Aphrodite goddess of love, Apollo god of the sun, Artemis goddess of the moon and hunt, Athena goddess of wisdom, Ares god of war, Demeter goddess of the harvest, Dionysus god of wine, Hephaestus god of the forge, Hermes messenger of the gods, Hestia goddess of the home, and Poseidon god of the seas .
In Roman mythology, they are not really concerned with how the world was created. Instead their mythology focuses on how Rome was created. According to legend, Rome was founded by a man named Romulus. He along with his brother Remus were the sons of the god Mars. When they were young their mother was killed and they were orphaned. They were adopted and raised by a she-wolf who suckled them, raised them, and taught them the ways of the warrior. When they were older Remus was killed by his uncle who was trying to gain the twin’s power.
Romulus survived, and after avenging his brother he went on to found the city of Rome. The stories that were told so very long ago are still prevalent in today’s society. There are countless allusions throughout literature to Greek mythology. These illusions include but do not pertain to: the power of Zeus, the curiosity of Pandora, the wisdom of Athena, and the beauty of Aphrodite. There are even allusions and references to it used in modern science. Many researchers and scientists refer to the story of Prometheus.
Prometheus was a Titan who sided with Zeus and the other gods. He was the who shaped and created mankind in the image of the gods. He felt sorry for humans and stole fire of the gods to help out mankind. Since he had tricked Zeus and stolen from the gods he was punished by being chained to a mountain where every day a great eagle would come and rip out and eat his liver, which would grow back every night. They use this myth to discuss the whether of not the ancient Greeks knew of the livers incredible regenerating powers.
They say that, “Countless lectures and articles about regenerative medicine begin with a reference to this myth before turning to more scientific matters. (421)” Greek mythology and stories like Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey are still incredibly popular today. These stories are over 2700 years old and their still best sellers and part of literary courses worldwide according to Kostas Myrsiades in her piece Introduction: Homer, Analysis, and Influence.
So the differences between Greek and Roman mythology is the different ideologies, names, and beliefs in the afterlife. In Greek mythology, the world was created by Mother Earth and Uranus and there were many battles before Zeus and the 12 Olympians came to rule. In Roman mythology, the twin Romulus and Remus were the great founders of Rome.<|endoftext|>
Il 19 aprile 1995 la Regione promulga la legge n. 44 con la quale si istituisce A.R.P.A. Agenzia Regionale Prevenzione ed Ambiente, ente strumentale della Regione Emilia-Romagna. Il personale vi sarebbe stato trasferito dai P.M.P. (Presidi Multizonali di Prevenzione) e da Enti finanziati dalla Regione destinati all'esercizio delle funzioni destinate ad A.R.P.A.
Il 29 dicembre 1995 Il Direttore di Idroser Agenzia viene nominato Direttore di A.R.P.A.
Il 6 marzo 1996 la Giunta regionale delibera che, dato che Idroser Agenzia svolge funzioni attribuite ad A.R.P.A., Idroser deve confluire in A.R.P.A. e delibera anche che il suo direttore può fare provvisoriamente il Direttore di entrambi gli Enti e gli affida il compito di preparare l'elenco del personale da trasferire.
Però il 20 marzo 1996 il C.C.A.R.E.R. (commissario di governo) chiede chiarimenti sulla delibera contestando alcuni punti.
Quindi il primo maggio 1996 entra in A.R.P.A. tutto il personale degli ex-PMP ma non ne entrano a far parte i dipendenti di Idroser Agenzia.
Il primo maggio 1996 A.R.P.A. comincia a funzionare. La Sede Centrale di A.R.P.A. viene posta all'interno di quella di Idroser Agenzia in via Po ed il Direttore Generale di A.R.P.A. utilizza il personale di Idroser (che non fa parte di A.R.P.A.) per far funzionare A.R.P.A.
Io continuo a svolgere le mansioni di C.I.O. e faccio anche di fatto il responsabile informatico della sede centrale di A.R.P.A.
Il 14 maggio 1996 la Giunta regionale revoca la precedente delibera e delibera nuovamente di trasferire le funzioni di Idroser Agenzia ad A.R.P.A. e nomina un Commissario per la gestione della fase successoria e liquidatoria di Idroser Agenzia.
Il 7 giugno 1996 Il Commissario mette a disposizione di A.R.P.A. il personale di Idroser Agenzia.
Il 24 ottobre 1996 viene depositata la bozza di una delibera di giunta dove si decide la fusione per incorporazione di Idroser Agenzia in A.R.P.A. e si dice che al trasferimento del personale provvederà il Presidente della Giunta stabilendone la decorrenza.
Nei giorni successivi il Presidente della Regione Emilia-Romagna stabilisce il primo novembre 1996 come data del trasferimento.
Dapprima i miei compiti rimangono esattamente gli stessi che avevo in Idroser Agenzia ed i miei colleghi continuano nei loro lavori senza che vi fosse un preciso inquadramento nell'organigramma ma poi, nel febbraio 1997, il Direttore generale crea un nuovo nodo di Arpa che si chiama Ingegneria Ambientale e che ha il compito di soddisfare le richieste di studi ambientali di valenza regionale (D.D.G. n. 79 del 25/2/1997).
A capo di Ingegneria Ambientale viene nominato non un unico responsabile ma una terna di persone che componevano la direzione avendo, nello stesso tempo, una diversa specializzazione.
Io vengo nominato Componente della Direzione della Struttura Tematica Ingegneria Ambientale con funzione di Responsabile della Ricerca e Sviluppo applicati all'informatica.
I miei compiti sono i seguenti: Presidiare nell'ambito del sistema a rete ARPA la funzione di ingegneria ambientale, soddisfacendo le esigenze dei clienti, attraverso la conduzione di progetti mirati a supportare le decisioni relative alla pianificazione territoriale, e garantendo la qualità di tutte le attività di progettazione complessa, attinenti l'analisi e l'intervento ambientale, condotte all'interno del sistema con particolare riferimento al presidio dei servizi informatici interni specialisticamente connessi alle attività della matrice operativa, interfacciato anche con il Sistema Informativo ARPA, con la responsabilità del supporto necessario sia ai progetti interni sia alle richieste del sistema e assicuratore dello sviluppo di software tecnico-specialistico.
Dalla terna di direzione dipendono gerarchicamente 16 persone. In gran parte sono tecnici ambientali provenienti dall'Idroser col CCNL delle Cooperative edili ed inquadramento dal VI livello al Quadro II fascia ma c'è anche personale degli Enti locali (dal VI all'VIII livello) e della Sanità (un IV livello del comparto ed un Fisico dirigente del IX livello).
Inoltre ci sono una decina di consulenti ed un dirigente di IX livello dell'ENEA che, per un certo periodo, collabora con i tecnici di Ingegneria Ambientale.
I tecnici di Ingegneria Ambientale realizzano molti nuovi progetti ma il personale informatico a mia disposizione è calato di numero dato che gli informatici entrati in Arpa sono pochissimi e quindi alcuni vengono redistribuiti per poter far funzionare il Servizio Sistemi Informativi e SIA della Direzione Generale.
Mi devo quindi occupare molto meno di sviluppare software e molto di più di aspetti organizzativi e burocratici. Faccio parte di varie commissioni di gara per acquisti di carattere informatico anche per l'intero Ente.
Non mancano comunque lavori molto interessanti anche dal punto di vista informatico. Tra gli altri è da citare la preparazione di un CD interattivo abbastanza complesso per la presentazione del Piano dei Rifiuti della Provincia di Ravenna.
Per realizzarlo utilizzo Tool Book scrivendo parecchio software apposito tramite il linguaggio di programmazione di questo prodotto che è interamente ad oggetti.
Il progetto più importante da seguire è però l'incarico, che mi viene affidato direttamente dal Direttore generale, di predisporre lo schema progettuale e poi condurre a compimento il progetto Automazione SPDS facente parte del programma SINA oggetto di apposita convenzione fra la Regione Emilia-Romagna ed ARPA (D.D.G. 348 del 13/5/97).
Il Progetto SPDS (Completamento automazione SPDS e loro integrazione nel Sistema Informativo Nazionale Ambientale) si proponeva di migliorare l'informatizzazione degli SPDS utilizzando fondi provenienti dall'ex-PTTA 1989/91.
Gli SPDS (Servizi Provinciali di Difesa del Suolo) sono un'articolazione territoriale della Regione con compiti di gestione operativa ed attuativa di piani/indirizzi riguardanti in particolare l'uso delle georisorse del territorio inteso come suolo e sottosuolo, ivi comprese le acque sotterranee e superficiali.
Inoltre tali Servizi progettano e gestiscono l'attuazione di opere pubbliche di difesa del suolo di competenza regionale avendo assunto i compiti che erano un tempo del Genio Civile.
L'iter realizzativo dell'intervento del progetto SPDS (del valore di 2,1 miliardi di lire) era suddivisibile in tre fasi:
1) Acquisizione di hardware (Server, PC e stampanti) e di software di base;
2) Realizzazione di reti locali per ogni SPDS e connessione alla rete geografica RER;
3) Analisi e realizzazione di software applicativo.
Inoltre il progetto avrebbe compreso anche delle attività di formazione da distribuire nelle varie fasi a seconda degli argomenti trattati.
Quando ho iniziato a seguire il progetto erano solo state acquistate 11 posizioni di lavoro con procedura d'urgenza.
Ho quindi, in accordo con i dirigenti
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Schock which is one indication of the amount of traffic. There was then only one little house in which the customs officer probably resided. That may have been the first house in Schwarzach. The inn was built between 1644 and 1652 and at that time it also served as the customs house. About 100 years later there were four houses in Schwarzach and by 1788 there were thirteen home-owners. In 1800 the border was occupied by the military and ten men were quartered and on duty in Schwarzach. Ever since 1825 Schwarzach has held the central offices of border customs service. From 1839 to 1938 Schwazach has been both customs station and Finanzwachstation [money exchange].
On August 16, 1899, a fire began around 3:00 o'clock in the morning which burned the entire wood-structured village all the way to as house number 17. There has been a post office in Schwarzach since 1904 which serves its own community as well as Neid, Rindl and Waier. The postal wagon went daily through Muttersdorf and to Hostau and the railroad station. In 1939 a Post-autobus took over this route with two trips daily. In 1904 Bohemian Schwarzach belonged to the Postal district of Ronsperg but the postal telegraph services were located in Bavarian Schwarzach.
When it was first established, Schwarzach was a member of the parish of Waier. In 1786 it was attached to Muttersdorf but most of the people preferred to go to church in Stadlern. The children went to school in Dianahof between 1802 and 1898 and after that in Unterhütte. The community belonged to the Bischofteinitz administrative district and to the court district of Ronsperg. Until 1938 the entire district of Bischofteinitz was responsible to the Diocese of Budweis. After that it belonged to the adjacent Bavarian Diocese at Regensburg.
Bavarian Schwarzach also had a customs and border security station in 192Œ8. In 1938 a new border and customs station was built there but it was abandonned after the Anschluss. In 1948 it was reopened and since 1968 its operations were given up to the central authorities.
The school for Bavarian Schwarzach and for Charlottenthal was in Stadlern. A schoolhouse was built in Schwarzach in 1929. Between 1945 and 1946 there was a short period during which classes held in Charlottenthal in the abandonned manor of the Landgraf were interrupted. After the school was liberated by the American troops classes were again resumed until the school was dissolved in 1968.
In 1945 Schwarzach came under fire from advancing American troops and their artillery. In Bavarian Schwarzach house number 5 burned and in Bohemian Schwarzach houses numbers 6,9,11,17,18 and 19 went up in flames. Most of the barns burned to the ground. All the remaining houses in Bohemian Schwarzach and isolated buildings in Bavarian Schwarzach were damaged in some way. Fifteen people died during the attack. After all the houses and almost all the barns were rebuilt the worst time of all began for the residents of Bohemian Schwarzach -- the expulsion. During the summer of 1946 all but two of the resident families were evacuated in three separate transports. Those who stayed behind fled to Bavaria in 1948. During the years leading up to 1956 Bohemian Schwarzach was systematically razed to the ground. The landscape held only remains of foundations, barbed wire abatises, watchtowers and wild-growing shrubs. Eventually the whole area was covered with woodlands.<|endoftext|>When Alfred T. Andreas chose Minnesota as the subject for his new atlas, the state was only fifteen years old. Andreas's publication of An Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Minnesota changed the way state atlases were written, illustrated, and distributed. The atlas also put the social and cultural landscape of early Minnesota literally on the map.
Andreas was born in upstate New York in 1839 and moved to Iowa probably sometime in the 1850s. Back in Iowa after the Civil War, he was recruited to join a county mapping company. While selling maps, Andreas began to consider a new format. He believed that he could find new buyers for county maps that were separated by township and bound in book form.
In 1873, Andreas set out to create an atlas that would cover the entire state of Minnesota. An Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Minnesota, published the following year, would be the greatest success of his career. The atlas was the first in a new genre that combined maps of an entire state with detailed information about particular locations. Andreas would go on to publish other state atlases and histories. However, none were as commercially successful as the Minnesota project.
Creating a new type of atlas proved a challenge to Andreas's map publishing company. When he began the project in 1873, most of the state was still unmapped. Many areas of Minnesota were sparsely populated and travel was often difficult. From his Chicago offices Andreas directed a group of over 100 employees who traveled Minnesota to work on the atlas.
As teams of mapmakers and artists created the maps and lithographs for the atlas, teams of salesmen convinced Minnesotans to subscribe. Fifteen dollars would buy a subscription and add the subscriber's name to the atlas. But Andreas's salesmen also convinced subscribers to pay for the publication of portraits and biographies. They also encouraged subscribers to include images of their homes, families, or farms. By the time the process was complete, the team had collected 12,000 subscriptions.
Andreas relied on advertising more than previous map publishers did. He took out printed atlas advertisements in local newspapers. Andreas also encouraged the newspapers to print stories about the project. The newspaper articles were primarily aimed at Minnesota's wealthy farmers and boasted about the size, scope, and importance of the atlas project.
The atlas was published in 1874 at a cost of more than $200,000. The production of the atlas took seventy tons of paper and seventeen tons of cardboard binding. The finished 400-page atlases included nearly 100 pages of maps and over 100 pages of illustrations. The volume also contained historical and geographical information about the state. Most important to many subscribers, the atlas contained a thirty-page list of "Patrons." A poor wheat harvest meant that only around 10,000 of 12,000 subscribers were able to pay to collect their atlases. Nevertheless, historians estimate that one in seven Minnesota households had a copy.
Andreas's project was not without criticism. Some accused Andreas and his team of being swindlers. They argued that Andreas took advantage of farmers and laborers. The traveling salesmen, they claimed, convinced humble citizens to spend money they could not afford. However, what made the atlas seem like a scheme to many was a major part of its appeal. Previous atlases and maps had illustrated only major institutions and the homes of the rich. Andreas's atlas encouraged ordinary citizens to pay to have their home or farm sketched. It allowed farmers and doctors to appear alongside more illustrious Minnesotans. To some, the atlas company employees seemed no different from travelling peddlers selling cheap trinkets and patent medicines. To others, the atlas seemed to promise a more democratic view of Minnesota.
In the end, the maps printed in An Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Minnesota were low quality. However, the atlas continues to provide researchers with a wealth of social and cultural information about early Minnesota. Its illustrations depict towns, structures, and landscapes in great detail. The atlas emphasizes not only Minnesota's geography, but its history and future potential. Alfred T. Andreas's atlas put a young state on the map and continues to serve as a rich historical record of early Minnesota.
Conzen, Michael P. "Maps for the Masses: Alfred T. Andreas and the Midwestern County Atlas Map Trade." In Chicago Mapmakers, edited by Michael P. Conzen, 47–63. Chicago: Chicago Historical Society, 1984.
Lanegran, David A. Minnesota on the Map: A Historical Atlas of Minnesota. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2008.
Ristow, Walter W. "Alfred T. Andreas and his Minnesota Atlas." Minnesota History 40, no. 3 (Fall 1966): 120–129. http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/40/v40i03p120-129.pdf
In 1874, Alfred T. Andreas publishes his 400-page Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Minnesota.<|endoftext|>公路桥梁橡胶支座安装前的准备工作 系统研究橡胶支座性能
公路桥梁橡胶支座安装前应做初步的防锈处理，擦去污锈，涂防锈油漆一道，防止短期内重新生锈。安设摆动活动支座时.根据安装时的温度调整摆轴顺桥向的倾斜度，以免在使用过程中出现最大温差时.摆轴倾斜过大会影响安全。钢支座各层部件间的空隙.应从支座底部或垫板以下垫实以消除空隙。固定支座与活动支座均按设计图安装一般先安装固定支座，后安装活动支座。每片梁的支座位置均应以固定端为准。活动支座安装在施工温度下相应的计算位置。当一孔梁架设安装完毕，把支座的下座板与墩台上的预埋垫板焊接。将橡胶支座下钢板用环氧树脂砂浆粘结于凹槽内在支座下钢板上及四氟滑板式支座上标出支座位置中心线，两者中心线相重合放置。为防止施工时移位，设置临时固定措施。安装时宜在与年平均气温相差不大时进行梁底预埋有支座上钢板，与四氟滑板式支座密贴接触的不锈钢板嵌入梁底上钢板内，或用不锈钢沉头螺钉固定在上钢板上，并标出不锈钢板中心线位置。安装支座时，不锈钢板、四氟板表面均应清洁、干净，在四氟滑板表面涂上硅脂油.落梁时要求平稳、准确，无振动，梁与支座密贴，不得脱空橡胶支座正确就位后.拆除临时固定装置，采取安装防尘围裙措施。在安放好橡胶支座之前，除做好放样工作外.对切线支座和摆柱式支座的各部分进行检查，支座钢板与支承面间必须接触严密，并逐副检查配对、编号.如有焊渣影响吻合时，须预先铲除。板式橡胶支座的垫板的轴线方向、位置及标高应符合设计要求.不可偏扭歪斜。墩台上预埋钢板下面
如有空隙应修整密实。①墩台上设置的支承垫石，其标高应考虑预埋的支座下钢板厚度.或在支承垫石上预留一定深度橡胶材料受氧、臭氧、紫外线及外力等影响，会出现老化龟裂。橡胶老化通常由表面开始，然后缓慢地向内部发展造成裂缝.氯丁橡胶的耐老化性能较好，天然橡胶的耐老化性能较差，因此在天然橡胶中需增加防老剂及防臭氧剂的用量。如果是在东北地区使用的橡胶支座一定要采用氯丁橡胶抗臭氧能力是天然橡胶的14倍，且耐热性、耐性均比天然橡胶为好，使用寿命预计将比天然橡胶长，所以重要的桥梁结构、建议采用氛丁橡胶支座.但氯丁橡胶的低温性能较差，一般只能用于最低温度大于-25℃的地区。而天然橡胶的耐低温性能较好，可用于一40'C以上的地区.近年来也有在橡胶支座中采用三元乙丙橡胶的，三元乙丙橡胶是乙烯和丙烯的共聚物，它具有良好的抗老化和耐低温性能。
板式橡胶支座如果要根据铁道部科学研究院的试验，三元乙丙橡胶的压缩耐寒系数与天然橡胶相当，而其耐臭氧老化的性能比天然橡胶提高约450倍，比氯丁橡胶提高约60倍。因而三元乙丙橡胶是一种优的耐低温耐老化的橡胶支座用料，它可用于盆式橡胶座的承压橡胶板.但由于三元乙丙橡胶与钢板的粘结性能较差，因此做为板式橡胶支座的胶料，尚需要做进一步的研究。目前国内虽也有用三元乙丙橡胶制成的板式橡胶支座，但在试验测试中常出现橡胶与钢板剥离，故应慎重使用。橡胶支座的老化问题是目前国内外普遍重视的一项研究课题.日本用橡胶拉伸强度的变化，及支座抗压及剪切弹性模量的变化率推算支座的使用寿命。根据鬼怒川桥上使用了17年的氛丁橡胶支座性能测试结果，认为氯丁橡胶支座可使用85-200年，但实际上橡胶支座的老化问题还要通
长期使用实践的考验。根据国内使用20多年板式橡胶支座的经验，目前尚未发生由于橡胶老化而必须更换支座的实例。
板式橡胶支座一般分为非加劲支座和加劲支座两种。非加劲支座只有一层橡胶构成，在水平力使用下支座能满足水平位移的需要，但在竖向荷载作用下，支座的垂直压缩变形S过大，橡胶向侧向膨胀，在四周产生较大的凸突，此处橡胶有较大的拉伸变形，而产生应力老化。这类支座在荷载较大的桥梁上很少采用。部结构的变形(位移和转角)。根据这些性能要求，板式橡胶支座在垂直方向应具有足够的刚度，从而保证在最大竖向荷载作用下支座产生较小的压缩变形，一般要求支座的最大压缩变形不得超过橡胶厚度的15%.橡胶支座在水平方向则应具有一定柔性，以适应车辆制动力、温度、混凝土收缩和徐变及活载作用下梁体的水平位移。同时，支座的厚度要能适应梁体转角的需要。为了既可承受较大的垂直荷载，又能满足支座水平位移量的要求，通常可用若干层橡胶片(厚度分别为5,8,11,15 mm等)和薄钢板(厚度分别为2,3,5 mm等)为刚性加劲物组合而成(加劲物也可用帆布、钢丝网或钢筋)。我国铁路桥梁上，第一次试用板式橡胶支座是1969年在安徽固镇大桥边跨的一孔12m预应力混凝土先张梁上。随后，因更换旧梁及新建工程的需要，太原、上海、济南、沈阳等铁路局也都相继采用了板式橡胶支座。
我们为了系统研究橡胶支座的抗压、剪切、转动等力学性能，1979-1981年铁道部科学研究院对160块不同规格、不同形状系数、不同胶层厚度的橡胶支座进行了系统的试验研究，并于1982年9月通过铁道部技术鉴定。各项研究参数被纳入《铁路桥涵设计规程》(TBJ 2 -85 )，并于1987年制定了《铁路桥梁板式橡胶支座技术条件》(TB1893-87)。目前板式橡胶支座主要用于6-20 m中小跨径的钢筋混凝土、预应力混凝土及钢的铁路桥梁上，最大支座反力约达2.2 MN。
板式橡胶支座目前几乎在世界各地普遍采用.早在1936年法国巴黎郊区的一座铁路桥上就开始使用橡胶支座，在第二次世界大战之后，英、德、美、日等许多国家相继使用板式橡胶支座，但直到1958年才真正积累了广泛的使用经验。尤其是法国的弗列新涅提出了用钢筋格栅或钢板设置在橡胶中，用以约束橡胶的横向膨胀的方法，从而使板式橡胶支座得到了迅速的发展。板式橡胶支座的各层橡胶与钢板之间经涂胶粘剂加压硫化牢固地粘结成为一体。支座在竖直荷载作用下，嵌入橡胶片之间的钢板将约束橡胶的侧向膨胀，从而使垂直变形古:相应减少，可大大提高支座的竖向刚度。此时支座的竖向总变形s2将为各层薄橡胶片变形的总和加劲钢板在阻止橡胶层侧向膨胀的同时，对支座的抗剪刚度几乎没有什么影响，加劲橡胶支座在水平力H作用下的位移量乙:与相同厚度的不加劲橡胶支座的位移量△2大致相同。支座的水平位移量O仅与支座橡胶的净厚有关。此外为防止加劲钢板的锈蚀，在板式橡胶
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道正宗的纯天然材料，传统手工技术制作，味道独特，保你吃了还想吃。长颈鹿MM：我想要一副金耳环，要那种从耳朵坠到肩膀的那种。
“老公，我觉得自己好胖，想减肥了。”
“千万不要减肥，现在你丑还有胖来当个借口。”
A：这下雪天走路得特别小心，否则一不小心变成楚留香的弟弟。
B：楚留香的弟弟是谁？
A：楚溜滑啊。
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A 纸尿裤
B 卫生巾
C TT吃饭看见一对情侣，男的偷看其他美女！女：你能不能别这么色，还能不能愉快的吃个饭！男：每个人都有三心二意，我用了二心一意去看风景，剩下的一心一意陪着你！从小体弱瘦小，在外总是受欺负。长大娶了个作风硬朗的媳妇后，内心倍感欣慰：妈妈再也不用担心我在外受欺负了。。。我TM现在只在家里受欺负。
老公：那么贵一张面膜，你才用了十分钟，真是浪费！
老婆：你还有脸说我，那你说那么贵一个TT，你才用几分钟？
鲸鱼：海霸牌民用潜艇，流线行设计，真皮外壳永不生锈，独有的头部进口，航行时噪音小、续航能力强。
女：放过我好吗？
男：开玩笑。
半小时后。。。
男：放过我好吗？
女：开玩笑。。。
今天公司一女同事生日，她老公委托花店派了个小丑创意送花送祝福，场面何其浪漫、何其温馨！
同事抱着花热泪盈眶地突然冒出一句：“咦，奇怪，我老公哪来的钱？”
“严禁触摸”应该是用盲文读到的最恐怖的东西之一。
“五一也太短了吧！”
“你TM说谁短？！”角落里的武艺叫了出来。
狐狸：这葡萄位置太高了，有泡沫，我不追了。
正在做饭，老婆回来进门就喊：老公天冷了我给你买了双手套！
心中一暖还是老婆对我好，待拿出一看，靠！洗碗用的橡胶手套！
胸小的好处：可男可女，可攻可受，可美可帅，可以清楚的知道追求你的看中的肯定不是你的胸。
飞机上一旁座的小朋友从厕所回来说：今天我算是蹲在他们头上拉了回。
虎哥最近想开个公司，要找个合作伙伴。
狐狸得到这个消息，第一个跑来想要合作，虎哥道：“不行，咱俩合作，你狐假虎威，净背着我做坏事。”
马找上门想要合作，虎哥说：“不行，咱俩合作，一送货公司给我打电话，问我来公司的路。由于我一时说不出道路的左右，送货师傅很着急，催促我快点儿，他已经把车开到路口了，不能停在路中间呀。 我这个急呀，马上告诉他：“您向拿筷子的那只手的方向拐过来就到了
6.蚂蚁：唉，小小搬运工一个，苦哇！啥时侯是个头！我班一男生名叫郑云，字迹十分潦草。但他为了省事，在作业本上写下“ZY”。一天，老师拿着他的本，仔细端量了好久，突然大声喊道：“2丫，2丫！谁是2丫。。。”全班爆笑！
某专家讲如何从表面辨别真正的成功人士：1、自己不开车；2、没有名片；3、衣服没logo；4、没有小区名，只有门牌号；5、经常在郊区活动；6、包里现金很少。
一位农民兴奋地打断说：“我们村全是这种人
在我们的20周年结婚纪念日前不久，丈夫往我办公室送来了20枝长梗黄玫瑰。
几天后，我掰下所有的花瓣，把它们晾干。
在我们结婚纪念日当晚，我把这些花瓣撒在床上，躺在上面，身上只穿着一件睡衣，正如
屌丝伸出手掌：大师，你给我看看手相吧！
大师：你还是单身吧。
屌丝：大师，您真活菩萨。
大师：我只是熟悉你手上的味道！小李出城的时候嘱咐他媳妇，说村里的男人都挺坏的，他不在的时候不要理他们。 今天小李从城里回来了，他的媳妇告诉他，其实村里的男人都挺好的……
其实当年鲁滨逊漂流到荒岛后遇到了两个当地的野人，他分别给他们取名为星期一和星期五。但后来星期一被鲁滨逊打死了，因为星期一真是太他妈烦人了。小丽：“晚上10点到12点加班对皮肤不好，所以我不想加班！”。老板抽一口烟缓缓道：“好吧。。。10点到12点上班，12点后再加班”。小丽：。。。。。。楼道声控灯不亮了，又是跺脚又是大声咳嗽，都不行，关键手机还没电，只能凭着感觉慢慢下。。。结果还是一脚踩空了，啪叽一声摔地上，灯亮了。。。
猫说：“人藏诡密却叫猫腻。”
小时侯想买玩具，爸妈不让，然后自己就晚上装睡说梦话，不停小声嘀咕玩具。
老爸看到后，第二天果然给买了。
最近想买车，老婆非要先买房，昨晚上，故技重施，车车车。。。
“啪”，我就疼醒了，接着听
猫头鹰：在我用餐的时候，请把灯全都关掉，结帐的时侯把电费给我扣出来。一农村的的老板想招聘一些车工，可是他不会写字，就叫他的侄子帮他写一下招聘词，等他的侄子写好了招聘词后就贴在了墙上。可是过了好久都没人来看看老板就感觉有点奇怪怎么会呢。就请他的好友看了他的招聘词，那同事
小丽是个电视迷，她老公是个球迷。这天有球赛，两个人因为抢频道，就闹起矛盾来。
小丽一气之就去找好友哭诉，好友问：“你们两个最后谁抢到了？”
小丽边哭边道：“老王”
好友问：“老王谁啊，怎么没
食堂菜是我国第九大菜系，广泛分布于全国各地，特色菜品包括这个、那个、这个这个、那个那个，这个那个等，主要烹饪方法有瞎特么炒、 乱特么炖……主要特色以不放肉、不放油而闻名全国。 。
展昭去上茅房，看见包大人蹲在那儿拉屎，就问包大人：“包大人，我发现你每次大便都蹲中间那个坑，有什么原因吗？”
包大人说：“因为我铁面无私啊！”
展昭说：“怎么说？”
包大人清了清嗓子，唱道：“
郭小四来录节目，冤家路窄，接待把郭老师领到宾馆。
“这标间房间我不满意，我必须睡大床房！”
“好的郭老师！服务员，麻烦您把床横过来！”
有没有懂跑车的朋友，求推荐一款400万到800万的跑车，要求性能好，起步快，马力大，舒适性高的，外观时尚又好看的，我拿来当手机纸壁。
孔子是微博体开创者，《论语》是最早微博集：
1.每条论语都未超过140字；
2.言简意赅、寓意深刻；
3.较为碎片化，多为孔子晒心情，交流哲理；
4.互动性强，经常和子贡、颜回、子路等进行回
告诉男同胞们不用洗碗的秘诀：就是每次老婆让你洗碗时故意把碗打碎，老婆心疼东西就不会让你洗碗了！这是我跪在搓衣板上总结的经验！
公鸡：俺演讲就一句话，而且喜欢在天亮时演讲，这一独特的演讲词既是俺经典的开场白，也是催人奋起的结束语。
大象：象牙诚可贵，娶妻价更高，若为彩礼故，俩牙全拔掉。
刚下火车的一个旅客向路边的鞋匠打听道：“老师傅，请问男厕所在哪儿？”
鞋匠：“女厕所隔壁。”老鼠要通过猫把守的必经之路，老鼠就请猫吃鱼，猫津津有味地吃完了鱼，猫说：“鱼的味道不错。”老鼠说：“你以后就去捕鱼，不要抓老鼠了。”猫说：“你还得教我游泳，否则，我不是去送死吗。”
牛：讳牛，字丑。其先祖有讳魔王者，位列仙班。牛性憨厚，与世无争。天帝尝招其为首席，礼让于鼠，甘居次席。后一心务农，人感其德。至今众人每称人能，必曰：牛。一对地主夫妇，出名地吝啬。一天男的进城去，走着走着想上厕所，但转念一想：这么好的肥料可不能便宜了别人。于是一直憋着。后来实在憋不住了，找个厕所就上。可是也除了放几个屁之外，什么也没有拉出来。于是心中得
我一朋友，导演专业，昨天问他毕业了想拍什么电影？
这货幽幽的来了句：舌尖上的东京！
尼玛，太邪恶，无法直视……
什么叫成功人士？成功人士就是去外地办两天事儿，回家后发现攒了一大堆事情等着你处理，有一种地球离开你就不能运转了的感觉。比如我家里现在就有一水池子碗等我刷，一洗衣机的衣服等着我去洗。。。
老婆不爱做家务。屋里弄的乱七八糟的。今天上班临走时我对老婆说：真希望别人到我家看到我家是有女人的。
晚上下班回来。屋里依旧乱七八糟。只是在客厅最显眼的地方挂着几套她的内衣！
幸福其实无处不在，只要你用心感受，就会发现幸福就在别人身边。
殷洪将白镜对准哪吒，过得片刻，哪吒为莲花化身，安然无恙，哪吒大笑：“呔，你且看看这是你说的阴阳镜吗？”
殷洪心惊：“且是我拿错了不成？”
遂调转镜面仔细观察。。。是年，殷洪，卒。
护士：“医生，这床病人是刚送来的，腹部胀气已经好几天了……”
医生：“放气治疗！”
病人，卒。
老婆：“老公我在网上看到说一个女的要和她男友分手被杀了。”
老公：“哦。”
老婆：“老公，不要杀我，伦家不会离开你的。”
老公：“这么开心的事我为什么要杀你。”
人和人之间最大的区别就是逛完商场后下电梯，你按1楼，别人都按B1。
老虎说：既要树立说一不二的权威，又要有容许别人偶尔摸摸你屁股的雅量。
今天老婆给我打电话说撞车了。
我说：“人没事吧！撞的什么车贵不？”
老婆：“我人没事，车也不贵，几百块的样子。”
我：“那多大点事，赔点钱行了。”
老婆：“人家老头说了，轮椅不要我们赔，光
昨天去理发店洗头，进去的时候美女介绍洗剪吹是30，洗着洗着，美女就和我聊了起来。。。
问我还要不要洗一下别的头。
当时我就惊呆了，我不就一个头嘛，哪儿来的别的头。现在想想，我不是还有手指头和脚指
鸡：如果我有钱了，就立刻改名，不再跟作风不正派的女人同名！
“怎么了？我那儿又做的不好了？”
第一次到女朋友家吃饭，女友开玩笑叫了我一声“逗B”，结果未来丈母娘问她什么事逗比？
她说“逗B”就是“老实”的意思。
结果未来丈母娘说：这孩子确实很逗B啊！现在这么逗B的孩子很难找到！我觉得他爸
我本来打算买iphone7的，也是看完这个分析之后决定狠心不买了，建议大家也看下，说得挺好。
很久没看到这么犀利、深刻的文章了，作者具备多年相关行业的从业经验，对产业链和市场有着很强的洞察力，很强
给孩子起乳名的时候，老婆看新闻上说，贝克汉姆的女儿因球衣号码取名小七。
她问我：老公你踢球踢几号？
我：3号！
今天在街上听到两个人的对话：
A：我没有车，油价上涨跟我没关系。
B：我已经有房了，房价上涨跟我也没关系。
我也是醉了。。。
一天燕子姑娘去汽车展厅看车，销售顾问热情接待。
销售顾问：燕姐，你看这款车配备了倒车雷达，使你倒车时更安全。
燕子：这款我就不考虑了。
销售顾问不解：
燕子：
“孙悟空为什么大闹天宫之前很厉害，最后却连一只普通的妖怪都打不过？”
“你TM账号被封500年试试。”
蜗牛：小牛牌移动房，欧式螺旋型设计，小户型，随时可以改变小区居住环境，平房、楼房可以随时互换。我：“媳妇，你觉得我和你嘿咻嘿咻的时候，我对你粗暴吗？”
媳妇：“不觉得，你充其量只是暴，那里有过粗。”
听完我竟无言以对了！小时侯，虎哥和虎弟在玩老虎、杠子、鸡的游戏。
虎哥说：“老虎！”
虎弟说：“鸡！”
老虎吃鸡，虎弟输了，气得直哭。
虎妈妈冲虎哥嚷道：“瞧你弟弟都哭了，你就不能小时候有一次考试只考了8分，为了不挨揍我偷偷的加了一个0，回家后老妈看着我的试卷问我：“你是不是改分数了？”我理直气壮的说没有，老妈边揍我边骂：“让你考个08分，让你考个08分。”自从老婆给我说吃饭时要细嚼慢咽之后，饭桌上的肉，我最多吃两块就没了。。。
今天第一次参加家长会，不免有些紧张，其他家长都在聊天，只有我默默坐着，过了一会儿，旁边一个大哥忍不住问我：“王老师，你让我们来开会，不上去讲两句吗？”
一日一个朋友问我你知道天上炼丹的为什么叫太上老君么
我：因为炼丹这玩意特么，太伤脑筋了在北方室内吃雪糕，是对暖气最大的尊重！
寺庙功德箱内钱财不翼而飞，众人纷纷下跪称佛祖显灵。
身为福建人的我，对2015央视春晚心里满满的都是愤怒： 今莲的春晚，黑我们胡建人普通发，太过混了，不胡气啊，都在森气中！想起10几莲前，我从钱州(泉州)去山东上鞋，老丝让全班童鞋相副介绍，我说钱州天
有人问我，如果给我一百万，但是要让我最好的朋友吃一次屎，我愿意吗。我想了想，别说100万，不给钱我都愿意。
“加油！机会总是留给有准备的人！”
机会：“就不，偏要留给运气好的人。”
俩口子去买衣服，老婆在一件厚厚的和一件薄薄的衣服之间犹豫，不知道哪一件好，于是问老公：“你说买哪一件好？”
老公说：“你要嫌洗衣服辛苦，就买薄的那件。”
老婆笑了笑，叫老板：“我不嫌你辛苦，老
诸葛亮空城计退司马懿，众将纷纷前来道贺。姜维道：“丞相之机，神鬼莫测。不过末将尚有一事不明。”
诸葛亮道：“讲。”
“丞相何以知司马懿生平谨慎，必不弄险
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11 | 6 | 3 |
resi içinde, takibin yapıldığı yetkisiz icra dairesine başvurarak takip dosyasının yetkili icra dairesine gönderilmesini istemesi gerekir. Bunun üzerine, takibin yapıldığı (yetkisiz) icra dairesi takip dosyasını (icra mahkemesinin yetki itirazının kabulü kararında gösterilen) yetkili icra dairesine gönderir ve dosyayı alan yetkili icra dairesi de (aynı dosyadan) borçluya yeni bir ödeme emri gönderir . Bu halde, yetkili icra dairesince bakılan bu takip, yetkisiz icra dairesinde yapılan takibin devamı sayılır .
Alacaklı, süresi içinde, takibin yapıldığı yetkisiz icra dairesine başvurarak takip dosyasının yetkili icra dairesine gönderilmesini istemezse, takip yapılmamış sayılır ve alacaklı yeniden takip yapmak isterse, yeniden harç ödemekle yükümlü olur .
cc) Yetki itirazının reddi kararı: İcra mahkemesi, yetki itirazını haksız bulursa, yani takibin yapıldığı icra dairesinin yetkili olduğu kanısına varırsa, yetki itirazının reddine karar verir .
Borçlu, yetki itirazı ile birlikte esasa (borca veya imzaya) da itiraz etmiş ise, icra mahkemesinin yetki itirazının reddi kararı bir ara kararıdır ve bu nedenle temyiz edilemez . Yetki itirazının reddine karar veren icra mahkemesinin, borçlunun esasa ilişkin itirazını incelemeye geçmesi gerekir.
Yetki itirazının reddine karar veren icra mahkemesi, daha önce icra takibinin geçici olarak durdurulmasına karar vermiş idi ise yetki itirazının reddi kararında, borçluyu (alacaklının talebi üzerine) asgarî yüzde yirmi inkar tazminatına da mahkûm eder.<|endoftext|>بر اساس ادعای سان بودجه نقل و انتقالاتی چلسی در تابستان ۱۵۰ میلیون یورو خواهد بود.
توماس توخل، سرمربی چلسی، معتقد است که شکست برابر آرسنال میتواند یک تلنگر مناسب برای این تیم باشد.
مدیران چلسی علاقمند به ادامه همکاری در طولانی مدت با توماس توخل هستند.
توماس توخل، سرمربی چلسی مدعی شد فلسفه این باشگاه کسب موفقیت و قهرمانی است.
چلسی پیش از صف آرایی برابر سیتی در دیدار فینال چمپیونزلیگ در هفتههای آتی، موفق شده در دو بازی اخیر دو تیم سیتیزن ها را شکست دهد.
بیلد ادعا کرده است که توماس توخل نام محمد صلاح، مهاجم مصری لیورپول، را در لیست بازیکنان مد نظرش در پنجره تابستانی نوشته است.
توماس توخل، سرمربی چلسی، متد خاصی را در تمرینات به کار می برد، که بازی در مسابقه را برای شاگردانش آسان جلوه می دهد.
تیاگو سیلوا یک سال پس از جدایی از پی اس جی حالا با چلسی راهی فینال لیگ قهرمانان شده است.
توماس توخل، در مدت زمان حضور خود در چلسی موفق شده مقابل چند تیم با سرمربی های بزرگ شان به پیروزی برسد.
توماس توخل، سرمربی آلمانی چلسی مدعی شد تیمش فرصت گلزنی بیشتر برابر رئال مادرید را داشته است.
رئال مادرید در بیشتر موارد، خاطرات خوبی از تساوی خانگی در بازی رفت لیگ قهرمانان ندارد و در عوض چلسی پس از تساوی در زمین حریفان، اغلب صعود کرده است.
توماس توخل، سرمربی آلمانی چلسی امیدوار است تیمش با اعتماد به نفس برابر رئال مادرید راهی میدان شود.
چلسی نیز به جمع تیم های خواهان امضای قرارداد با جیدون سانچو، ستاره بریتانیایی دورتموند، اضافه شد.
یک بار دیگر انتقادات از تیمو ورنر، مهاجم آلمانی چلسی، به اوج خود رسیده است.
توماس توخل، سرمربی آلمانی چلسی تیمش را لایق حضور در نیمه نهایی لیگ قهرمانان توصیف کرد.<|endoftext|>-
中断（单片机中断系统）_百度百科2021-07-25 04:33:49本词条缺少概述图，补充相关内容使词条更完整，还能快速升级，赶紧来编辑吧...中文名中断外文名Interrupt Request分类中断装置和中断处理程序相关概念程序状态字和向量中断等系统功能实现中断响应和中断返回等中断定...
本词条缺少概述图，补充相关内容使词条更完整，还能快速升级，赶紧来编辑吧！
中断装置和中断处理程序统称为中断系统。
中断系统是计算机的重要组成部分。实时控制、故障自动处理、计算机与外围设备间的数据传送往往采用中断系统。中断系统的应用大大提高了计算机效率。
中文名
中断
外文名
Interrupt Request分 类
中断装置和中断处理程序
相关概念
程序状态字和向量中断等
系统功能
实现中断响应和中断返回等
中断定义
编辑
语音
不同的计算机其硬件结构和软件指令是不完全相同的，因此，中断系统也是不相同的。计算机的中断系统能够加强CPU对多任务事件的处理能力。中断机制是现代计算机系统中的基础设施之一，它在系统中起着通信网络作用，以协调系统对各种外部事件的响应和处理。中断是实现多道程序设计的必要条件。 中断是CPU对系统发生的某个事件作出的一种反应。 引起中断的事件称为中断源。中断源向CPU提出处理的请求称为中断请求。发生中断时被打断程序的暂停点称为断点。CPU暂停现行程序而转为响应中断请求的过程称为中断响应。处理中断源的程序称为中断处理程序。CPU执行有关的中断处理程序称为中断处理。而返回断点的过程称为中断返回。中断的实现实行软件和硬件综合完成，硬件部分叫做硬件装置，软件部分称为软件处理程序。
中断响应处理
编辑
语音
大多数中断系统都具有如下几方面的操作，这些操作是按照中断的执行先后次序排列的。①接收中断请求。②查看本级中断屏蔽位,若该位为1则本级中断源参加优先权排队。③中断优先权选择。④处理机执行完一条指令后或者这条指令已无法执行完，则立即中止现行程序。接着，中断部件根据中断级去指定相应的主存单元，并把被中断的指令地址和处理机当前的主要状态信息存放在此单元中。⑤中断部件根据中断级又指定另外的主存单元，从这些单元中取出处理机新的状态信息和该级中断控制程序的起始地址。⑥执行中断控制程序和相应的中断服务程序。⑦执行完中断服务程序后，利用专用指令使处理机返回被中断的程序或转向其他程序。
中断相关概念
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程序状态字和向量中断
这是两个与中断响应和处理有密切关系的概念。
① 程序状态字：每个程序均有自己的程序状态字。现行程序的程序状态字放在处理机的程序状态字寄存器中。程序状态字中最主要的内容有指令地址、条件码、地址保护键，中断屏蔽和中断响应时的中断源记录等。中断响应和处理操作的第④步和第⑤步就是交换程序状态字操作。
② 向量中断:对应每一级中断都有一个向量,这些向量顺序存放在主存的指定单元中。向量的内容是：相应的中断服务程序起始地址和处理机状态字(主要是指令地址)。在中断响应时，由中断部件提供中断向量的地址，就可取出该向量。中断响应和处理操作的第⑤步就是取中断向量操作。在采用向量中断的机器中一般不再使用程序状态字。
中断系统功能
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1)实现中断响应和中断返回
当CPU收到中断请求后，能根据具体情况决定是否响应中断，如果CPU没有更急、更重要的工作，则在执行完当前指令后响应这一中断请求。CPU中断响应过程如下：首先，将断点处的PC值(即下一条应执行指令的地址)推入堆栈保留下来，这称为保护断点，由硬件自动执行。然后，将有关的寄存器内容和标志位状态推入堆栈保留下来，这称为保护现场，由用户自己编程完成。保护断点和现场后即可执行中断服务程序，执行完毕，CPU由中断服务程序返回主程序，中断返回过程如下：首先恢复原保留寄存器的内容和标志位的状态，这称为恢复现场，由用户编程完成。然后，再加返回指令RETI，RETI指令的功能是恢复PC值，使CPU返回断点，这称为恢复断点。恢复现场和断点后，CPU将继续执行原主程序，中断响应过程到此为止。
2)实现优先权排队
通常，系统中有多个中断源，当有多个中断源同时发出中断请求时，要求计算机能确定哪个中断更紧迫，以便首先响应。为此，计算机给每个中断源规定了优先级别，称为优先权。这样，当多个中断源同时发出中断请求时，优先权高的中断能先被响应，只有优先权高的中断处理结束后才能响应优先权低的中断。计算机按中断源优先权高低逐次响应的过程称优先权排队，这个过程可通过硬件电路来实现，亦可通过软件查询来实现。
3)实现中断嵌套
当CPU响应某一中断时，若有优先权高的中断源发出中断请求，则CPU能中断正在进行的中断服务程序，并保留这个程序的断点(类似于子程序嵌套)，响应高级中断，高级中断处理结束以后，再继续进行被中断的中断服务程序，这个过程称为中断嵌套。如果发出新的中断请求的中断源的优先权级别与正在处理的中断源同级或更低时，CPU不会响应这个中断请求，直至正在处理的中断服务程序执行完以后才能去处理新的中断请求。
中断源分类
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中断源是指能够引起中断的原因。
一台处理机可能有很多中断源,但按其性质和处理方法,大致可分为如下五类。
① 机器故障中断。
② 程序性中断。现行程序本身的异常事件引起的，可分为以下三种：一是程序性错误，例如指令或操作数的地址边界错，非法操作码和除数为零等；二是产生特殊的运算结果，例如定点溢出；三是程序出现某些预先确定要跟踪的事件，跟踪操作主要用于程序调试。有些机器把程序性中断称为“异常”，不称为中断。
③ 输入－输出设备中断。
④ 外中断。来自控制台中断开关、计时器、时钟或其他设备，这类中断的处理较简单，实时性强。
⑤ 调用管理程序。用户程序利用专用指令“调用管理程序”发中断请求，是用户程序和操作系统之间的联系桥梁。
在51单片机中有5个中断源
中断号 优先级 中断源 中断入口地址
0 1(最高) 外部中断0 0003H
1 2 定时器0 000BH
2 3 外部中断1 0013H
3 4 定时器1 001BH
4 5 串口中断 0023H
中断优先权
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几个中断请求可能同时出现，但中断系统只能按一定的次序来响应和处理。可最先被响应的中断具有最高优先权，按优先级别顺序进行处理。优先权高低是由中断部件的中断排队线路确定的。
中断中断级
当机器设置很多中断源时，为了简化设计，对中断源分组管理。具有相同中断优先权的中断源构成一个中断级。同一级中断使用同一个中断控制程序起点。
中断中断屏蔽
对应于各中断级设置相应的屏蔽位。只有屏蔽位为1时,该中断级才能参加中断优先权排队。中断屏蔽位可由专用指令建立，因而可以灵活地调整中断优先权。有些机器针对某些中断源也设置屏蔽位，只有屏蔽位为1时，相应的中断源才起作用。
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Cortex-M系统中断延迟及其测量方法2021-11-27 00:24:11关注+星标公众号，不错过精彩内容转自 | 痞子衡嵌入式今天给大家分享的是Cortex-M系统中断延迟及其测量方法。在嵌入式领域里，实时性是个经常被我们挂在嘴边的概念，这里的实时性主要强调得...
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转自 | 痞子衡嵌入式
今天给大家分享的是Cortex-M系统中断延迟及其测量方法。
在嵌入式领域里，实时性是个经常被我们挂在嘴边的概念，这里的实时性主要强调得是当外界事件发生时，系统是否能在规定的时间范围内予以响应处理，这个时间阈值越小，系统的实时性就越高。当然关于这个实时性，也有软硬之分，硬实时要求的是设定的时间阈值内必须完成响应，而软实时则仅需根据任务的优先级尽可能快地完成响应即可。
无论是 RTOS 环境还是裸机环境下，系统最原始的实时性保障其实来自于 MCU 内核的中断响应能力，关于中断响应能力有一个重要指标叫中断延迟时间，今天我们就来聊一聊 Cortex-M 内核的中断延迟及其测量方法：
一、什么是系统中断延迟？
所谓中断延迟，即从中断请求 IRQ 信号置起开始到内核进入执行该中断 ISR 第一条指令时的间隔，如下图所示， 箭头范围内的 11 个周期就是中断延迟时间。关于这个概念，ARM 公司专家 Joseph Yiu 的一篇博客 《Cortex-M内核系统中断延迟入门指南》 介绍得很详细。
为什么会有中断延迟？其实这是无法避免的，当内核在执行 main thread 代码时，来了中断事件，NVIC 里对应 IRQ 信号被置起，内核接到 NVIC 通知后压栈保存现场（以便中断 ISR 处理完成时回到被打断的 main thread 地方），然后再从中断向量表里取出对应中断 ISR 来执行，这一系列动作是需要时间的。
Cortex-M 家族发展至今，已有 M0/M0+/M1/M3/M4/M7/M23/M33/M35P/M55 等多款内核，这些内核的中断延迟时间不一，如下表所示。注意表中的数值单位是内核的时钟周期，并且是在零等待内存系统条件下结果（即代码链接在零等待内存里）。
Note1: 一般来说 MCU 内部与内核同频的 SRAM 是标准的零等待内存。
Note2: 许多运行频率超过 100MHz 的微控制器会搭配非常慢的 Flash 存储器（例如 30 - 50MHz），虽然可以使用 Flash 访问加速硬件来提高性能，但中断延迟仍然受到 Flash 存储系统等待状态的影响。
二、如何测量系统中断延迟？
测量 Cortex-M 的中断延迟方法有很多，任何一个带中断的 MCU 外设模块都可以用来测中断延迟，Cortex-M 中断延迟时间跟触发中断的具体外设模块类型基本上是无关的（最多受一点该外设中断信号同步周期的影响）。
利用 GPIO 模块来测量 Cortex-M 的中断延迟是最简单的方法，选择两个 GPIO，一个配置为输入（GPIO_IN），另一个配置为上拉输出（GPIO_OUT，初态设为高），开启 GPIO_IN 的边沿中断（比如下降沿），在 GPIO_IN 边沿中断 ISR 里翻转两次 GPIO_OUT，然后用示波器测量两个 GPIO 信号边沿间隔得出中断延迟时间。
uint32_t s_pin_low = 0x0; uint32_t s_pin_high = 0x1; void GPIO_IN_IRQHandler(void) { GPIO_OUT->DR = s_pin_low; GPIO_OUT->DR = s_pin_high; ClearInterruptFlag(GPIO_IN); __DSB(); }
需要注意的是在如上 GPIO_IN_IRQHandler 函数伪代码里，我们对 GPIO_OUT 做了两次翻转，这是
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105
Detroit @ New York L 101 - 101
Portland @ New York L 120 - 114
New York @ Dallas L 79 - 108
Il borsino dei giocatori
POINT GUARD
Settimana da ricordare per Nate Robinson, autore del suo career high (e season high per un knickerboxer) contro Portland; 45 punti per il nativo di Seattle frutto di 16 su 28 dal campo e 11 tiri liberi a segno. La gara è stata persa in OT grazie alle giocate dell'altro figlio della rainy city Brandon Roy, tuttavia il pubblico del garden ha potuto veder un match godibile. Per quanto riguarda il resto poco da segnalare, se non l'ennesima conferma che lo spot di point guard necessita ritocchi il prima possibile.
SHOOTING GUARD
Jamal Crawford è apparso in calo nelle ultime partite giocate, saltando le ultime tre per infortunio, tuttavia rimane il punto di riferimento dei Knicks in attacco (career high in punti segnati con 20.6 a partita). In sua assenza si è riproposto nel ruolo Quentin Richardson, con risultati catastrofici, a parte la parentesi da 20 punti contro Portland.
SMALL FORWARD
Artest non è arrivato a febbraio. Quentin Richardson conferma la sua inconsistenza, come sua alternativa quando ha giocato da guardia, nel ruolo si è cimentato l'oggetto misterioso Wilson Chandler; tanta voglia di fare e notevole atletismo dimostrato, ma siamo ancora lontani dal target di ala piccola NBA. Tuttavia il minutaggio sarà per lui crescente, sperando che possa aiutarlo a migliorare in attesa della prossima stagione.
POWER FORWARD
Zach Randolph è rimasto fuori una decina di giorni a causa di una botta al piede destro. Aveva chiuso con una doppia doppia da 29 + 17 con Atlanta ed è rientrato con gli stessi risultati 21 + 14 contro Dallas, giocando però centro in sostituzione dell'infortunato Curry. I numeri sono dalla sua, tuttavia continua a dimostrare di non essere un uomo squadra.
David Lee è partito titolare nelle ultime partite a causa degli infortuni di Randolph prima e Curry poi, e come al solito ha messo in campo la consueta sostanza, mettendo spesso a segno delle pregevoli doppie doppie ed incrementando la sua media rimbalzi a 8.7.
CENTER
Curry era in netta ripresa, ha viaggiato a 20 punti di media prima dello stop a causa del problema alla cartilagine del ginocchio destro. Le varie assenze hanno permesso l'utilizzo di Randolph morris, per il quale vale lo stesso discorso di Chandler.
Il calendario per i prossimi impegni prevede:
– Miami fuori casa il 12 marzo;
– Gli Hawks di Bibby & C. in casa il 16;
– I Pacers ad Indianapolis il 17;
– Memphis in casa il 21;
– Minnesota fuori casa il 22;
– New Jersey e Miami al Madison il 24 ed i 26.<|endoftext|>婚姻：挑战
作者：〔美〕鲁道夫·德雷克斯／著 马玉强／译 定价：56元 书号：ISBN 978-7-5127-2209-5 出版日期：2023年9月 适合人群：大众读者
【编辑推荐】
看清两性情感的真相，探寻婚姻问题的根源——辨别相互之间的误解、错误的婚恋观念、不利于婚姻和谐的互动方式，以及练习必要的人际关系技能，学会发现爱、表达爱、经营爱和修复爱。
【内容简介】
本书为公版书，是最早的一本明确将关注点引向婚姻问题的书，是两性心理学经典作品。本书全面系统地阐述和解决了如何处理婚姻关系中的“挑战 ”问题——男人该怎么做丈夫，女人该怎么做妻子，如何呵护才能让爱情之树长青，等等。这套理解婚姻的理论和方法体系，即辨别相互的误解、错误的观念、不健康的互动方式及训练必要的人际关系技能，不仅适宜于每对伴侣采取补救措施，而且也适用于婚前伴侣、婚姻富足的家庭和家庭教育中问题的预防。同时告诉大家，经营婚姻关系，要以相互尊重的精神来解决两性之间的冲突和矛盾，使彼此能够平等地一起生活。
【作者简介】
鲁道夫·德雷克斯（Rudolf Dreikurs）（1897-1972），美国儿童心理学家、精神病医生和教育家，现代实践派儿童心理学奠基人。1923 年从维也纳大学获得医学博士学位后，德雷克斯与阿德勒密切合作研究家庭与儿童咨询。他开创性地将阿德勒的精神分析法和个体心理学发展为一系列实践方法，在西方教育界和心理学界具有深刻而广泛的影响。著作有《孩子：挑战》《父母：挑战》《婚姻：挑战》《教室里的心理学》。
【目录】
（点击图片可放大）<|endoftext|>gre考试国内能转国外吗
GRE转考费多少：
距考试日10天前(不含考试日和申请日)，您都可以申请转考。但只有在您要重新注册的日期和考场仍有空位时，转考才可能进行。您须首先支付转考费400RMB并在“我的主页”中确认支付成功，然后通过“查看已注册考试”申请转考。如您已支付转考费因没有空位或超过转考截止日而未能成功转考，可将此款继续留在帐户中以便日后申请其他服务，也可申请退款。
GRE转考流程：
GRE报名一经确认，考生若要求更换考场或更改考试日期，请至少在确认的考试日期之前的10天(且不包括考试当天和申请的当天和国家法定节日在内)下午4点之前确认报名中心收到更改申请和更改费，更改费的缴纳方式与考试费相同，报名中心在收到更改费之前，不会更改。
例如:原定本周五的考试日期，最后更改期限是上周一下午4点之前确认报名中心收到更改申请和更改费。
当您点击考试历史记录，选择要更改的考试记录，请按照屏幕上的提示操作。
支付GRE更改费，在您填写完成GRE更改表后，即可进行此项操作。<|endoftext|>به گزارش گروه بین الملل خبرگزاری برنا، پلیس تصاویری را منتشر کرده که راه فرار دو مظنون به قتل از زندانی در کالیفرنیا را نشان می دهد.
سانتوس ساموئل فونسکا ۲۱ ساله، و جاناتان سالازار ۲۰ ساله، با رد شدن از یک حفره ۵۵ سانتیمتری که در سقف توالتی در زندان شهر سالیناس، در جنوب سانفرانسیسکو، کنده بودند فرار کردند.<|endoftext|>What happens when drivers encounter autonomous vehicles on the highways?
Conventional wisdom is the roads will be carnage as logically thinking robots literally collide with irresponsible humans.
The Chief Executive of Mercedes-Benz America has a different take, it may be that humans quickly learn to bully safety conscious and law abiding autonomous vehicles on the road.
Speaking at a motoring conference in Las Vegas, Dietmar Exler suggested the immediate future will see aggressive drivers taking advantage of driverless vehicles programmed to avoid collisions and risky situations.
This raises an interesting question – will autonomous vehicles actually make the roads less safe in the earlier days despite being safer themselves?
How humans interact with new technologies is never a certain thing, and the idea that people will bully robots is a delicious, and plausible idea. It does raise though some interesting possibilities as robots become common in our lives.<|endoftext|>UK-based company Knowaste claims that they are “world’s first provider of a recycling solution for nappies, adult incontinence and feminine hygiene (AHP) products” and I believe them. Who would have ever thought of turning used sanitary products into roofing material? According to their research, every year, in the UK alone, 80% of municipal waste goes to landfill. AHPs take 500 years to decompose when landfilled and a waste of recoverable material when incinerated.
Knowaste has also found that the use of disposable nappies has increased over the past 20 years. Each baby will use about 6000 diapers before it is potty trained. In the UK alone, 3 billion are used each year, contributing about half a million tonnes of waste. Because people are living longer, the use of adult incontinence diapers is also on a rise and 50% of nursing home residents in the UK suffer from incontinence. In the UK alone, 18 million women use sanitary protection which generate over 200,000 tonnes of waste per year.
The UK is of course a relatively small country, which makes the statistics mind-boggling when you consider the implications for larger countries. The potential for scale-up of their business model is huge. Knowaste has pioneered a process that turns AHP waste into plastic pellets which can then be transformed into various materials like roof tiles and plastic tubing. Over the next five years, the company plans on opening five absorbent hygiene recycling plants in the UK. This will significantly reduce the 1.1 billion pounds of diaper waste that currently get sent to landfills each year.
The recycling process starts off with sterilization in an autoclave. Then the AHP material is mechanically separated into the individual components: organic residue, plastic and super absorbent polymers (SAP). A chemical treatment then deactivates the SAP and any plastic material is sent to a separate device for processing. The plastic is filtered, cleaned and compressed into small pellets that can be sold for reuse. The SAP then goes through another screening process and any water used is recaptured, internally treated and reused within the system. The organic waste that left is dried and used to create green energy. Each recycling facility is capable of processing 80,000 pounds of absorbent hygiene products every year. Below is a diagram of what a nappy contains and a little bit of how their process works:
Knowaste is currently working with childcare centers and retirement homes to procure their supply of AHP waste but the possibility of working with city authorities to procure diaper waste from households is tremendous. Their new site in West Bromwich is a £5 million investment and will have the capacity to handle a fifth of the AHP waste stream which equates to saving 11,000 tonnes of GHG emissions a year. Pretty awesome for dirty nappies.
Image Credit: Knowaste<|endoftext|>Dünya Kupası’nın tarihine geçen 100 futbolcu listesinin 3 numarasında Zinedine Zidane var, ve pek itiraz kaldıracak bir tercih değil bu. Ancak So Foot, finali bile olmayan Platini’yi 9’uncu sıraya koyarak eski UEFA başkanına azcık iltimas geçmiş gibi!
So Foot, Dünya Kupası özel sayısından çevrilmiştir.
Şarkıyı biliyoruz. Ve 1, ve 2, ve 3; Zizou, 1998’de Zafer Takı’nın üstünde oturuyor. Ardından 2002 faciası. 2006’da başlar üzerinde döndüğü milli takıma unutulmaz kafa darbesiyle kaybedilen finalle veda eder. Şarkıyı iyi biliyoruz; ancak elbette Zidane kadar iyi söyleyemeyiz. So Foot’un özel sayısına 1998’deki özel takımı şöyle anlatıyor: “Sıklıkla bizim defansif bir ekip olduğumuza dair sözler duyuyorum. Bu son derece yanlış! Gerçekten defansif olan tek oyuncu Deschamps’tı, ama Deschamps sürekli ileri doğru oynardı. Bizi aslında güçlü bir takım yapan şey her pozisyonda fevkalade isimlere sahip oluşumuzdu. Jacquet tarafından çok iyi yönetiliyorduk.”
2002 Dünya Kupası hakkındaki sözleri ise şöyleydi: “Her şey Senegal’e kaybedilen maç sonrası sorgulanır olmuştu. Oysa basitçe şansımızın yaver gitmediği bir maçtı sadece. Rakip kaleye şut yağdırdık, direkleri dövdük; kazanabilirdik! Yenilgiden sonra adeta bambaşka bir turnuvaya döndü. Pirés yoktu, ben de sakattım, bir daha toparlanamadık.”
Ve son olarak 2006: “Bu tip durumlarda genellikle tetikleyici bir güce ihtiyaç duyarsınız. Bu da İspanya maçıydı, İspanyollar ‘Zidane’yi biz emekli edeceğiz’ cümlesini nakarat haline getirmişti. Bu bizi ateşledi. 3-1 kazandık. Sonraki turda futbolcularıyla, formasıyla, temsil ettiği değerlerle çok özel bir Brezilya takımıyla karşılaştık. Onlara karşı güçlü olduğumuzu gösterme niyetindeydik.” İtalya’ya karşı, bir nevi Euro 2000’in rövanşı niteliğindeki final hakkında ise tek kelime etmedi. O halde biz de etmiyoruz. Şarkıyı biliyoruz; sessiz kalmayı da!
Üç Dünya Kupası; ve her seferinde hayal kırıklığıyla sonuçlanan bir aşk hikayesi. Bütün Fransa’nın Michel’i kupayı kaldırırken görme rüyası iki defa Almanya’ya karşı yarı finalde suya düştü. Özellikle 1982’deki mistik Sevilla akşamı herkesin aklındadır. Bundan daha acımasız bir yenilgi bulmak da zordur. Bu karşılaşma, onun kariyerindeki en büyük hatıralardan biri olsa da gerçekten kalp kırıcıydı. 1986’da ise kasık sakatlığının zayıflattığı bir Platini vardı; ve 5 maçta 9 gol atarak ışık saçtığı EURO 84 performansından uzaktı. Yine de ikinci turda İtalya’ya karşı ilk golü, çeyrek finalde ise Brezilya’ya karşı beraberlik golünü atmıştı. Doğumgününde attığı bu gol, Fransa milli takımı formasıyla izlediğimiz son golüydü ayrıca. 50 defa milli takım kaptanı olarak sahaya çıkmış, üç Ballon d’Or sahibi oyuncu Dünya Kupası’nı kaldıramayacaktı. Ne futbolcu ne de teknik direktör olarak… Hâlâ bir şansı daha vardı; 1998 Dünya Kupası’nın organizatörü olarak Fransa’yı finale kadar Brezilya’yla eşleştirmemek için ufak düzenlemeler yaparak fayda sağladı!<|endoftext|>Saudi Arabia abolished slavery in 1962, at which time there were about 300,000 slaves in the country (which had a much smaller population than it does now).
Fifty-three years later, it has gotten around to giving women the right to vote (although in fairness, the right to vote in Saudi Arabia for anyone is only ten years old).
This year, Saudi Arabia is, for the first time, allowing women to register to vote in municipal elections under electoral reforms adopted by the King in 2012, following Saudi Arabia's second municipal election. The 2012 reforms also allowed women to be full members of the 150 member advisory legislative body that makes policy suggestions to the King, if appointed by the King to do so.
The first two municipal elections in Saudi Arabia were all male affairs held in 2005 and 2011 to elect half of the members of a largely powerless municipal council, which is presided over by the regional governor for the region in which the municipality is located and by appointed members making up the other half of the membership of the municipal council. In those elections, male citizens aged 21 and older who registered to vote were allowed to vote.
In 2011, there were 1,056 council seats with six year terms filled in 285 municipalities (up from 178 municipalities in 2005).
Turnout for municipal elections in Saudi Arabia is a bit lower than turnout for off year local elections in the United States (about 18% of eligible voters and just 2% of the total municipal population in the capitol city of Riyadh in 2005), which is to say, not very high, and the electorate is very conservative. There was a three week period during which voter registration took place, followed by a single work week during which candidates could file to be placed on the ballot, followed by the election itself held on a single day three and a half months later.
Municipal councils are probably less powerful than a typical American home owner's association with significant regulatory power, assessment rights and property under their control. Instead, they are more like Denver's neighborhood associations or a typical American student council at a middle school or high school, which provide a means to allow notable people to monitor and to provide friendly input in an organized and recognized manner to a governmental body that has real power (in Japan and Korea and many institutions of higher education in the U.S., student council's often have more real power).
The Secular Government of Saudi Arabia
The general public in this nation of 30.77 million people will continue to have no right to vote for national government officials (political parties are also banned), as the King in this absolute monarchy has all of the powers of both a European President or constitutional monarch (i.e. "head of state") and of a Prime Minister (i.e. "head of government"). The King has supreme executive, legislative and judicial power. The King appoints a couple of dozen cabinet members, the 150 members of the advisory national legislature whose sole power is to make suggestions to the King, and the thirteen regional governors. Regional governors, like feudal lords, have judicial as well as executive and legislative powers.
Only four other countries in the world are rated as more authoritarian by The Economist magazine.
The King serves for life and is chosen from the roughly two hundred adult patriline descendants of the first Saudi Arabian King, Abdul Aziz Al Saud, who are "technically" eligible to serve as King. The ranks of this group of "technically eligible" Princes are narrowed by an "Allegiance Council" (formed in 2007) composed of the first King's sons, the eldest sons of brothers who have died, and the sons of the King and Crown Prince, for a total of 28 members lead by Prince Mishaal, who serve in a capacity similar to a corporate board of directors. The Council generally appoints the person named "Crown Prince" by the previous monarch at the time of his death, generally based on a line of succession that allows a current King to skip the next person in line for good cause.
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ine engine technology that works on Linux. Unigine Corp was also developing a "shooter-type game" that would have been released for Linux, currently the development on this game is frozen until OilRush is released. The MMORPG game Syndicates of Arkon is also supposed to be coming to Linux. The game Dilogus: The Winds of War is also being developed with Unigine and is planned to have a Linux client.
A number of visual novel developers support Linux. Winter Wolves has released titles such as Spirited Heart, Heileen, The Flower Shop, Bionic Heart, Card Sweethearts, Vera Blanc, Planet Stronghold, and Loren The Amazon Princess for Linux. Hanako Games has released Science Girls, Summer Session, Date Warp, Cute Knight Kingdom, and are considering porting Fatal Hearts to Linux. sakevisual has brought Jisei, Kansei, Yousei, RE: Alistair and Ripples to Linux. Four Leaf Studios has also released Katawa Shoujo for Linux and Christine Love released Digital: A Love Story, both of which, along with Summer Session mentioned previously, are powered by the free software Ren'Py tool. In March 2012 Marcel Weyers released the horror visual novel Sleepless Night.
Dwarf Fortress, a sandbox management simulator / roguelike, has been made available for Linux by Tarn Adams.
The voxel-based space sandbox game, ScrumbleShip by Indie developer Dirkson is currently under development for Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows.
The realistic replay baseball simulation Out of the Park Baseball by OOTP Developments is currently available for Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows, for single player and multiplayer online leagues.
Grappling Hook, a first-shooter like puzzle game.
Independent companies have also taken on the task of porting prominent Windows games to Linux. Loki Software was the first such company, and between 1998 and 2002 ported Civilization: Call to Power, Descent³, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, Heavy Gear II, Heavy Metal: F.A.K.K.², Heretic II, Heroes of Might and Magic III, Kohan: Immortal Sovereigns, Myth II: Soulblighter, Postal, Railroad Tycoon II, Quake III Arena, Rune, Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri, Sim City 3000, Soldier of Fortune, Tribes 2, and MindRover to Linux.
Tribsoft created a Linux version of Jagged Alliance 2 by Sir-Tech Canada before shutting down in 2002. Linux Game Publishing was founded in 2001 in response to the impending demise of Loki, and has brought Creatures: Internet Edition, Candy Cruncher, Majesty: Gold Edition, NingPo MahJong, Hyperspace Delivery Boy!, Software Tycoon, Postal²: Share The Pain, Soul Ride, X2: The Threat, Gorky 17, Cold War, Knights and Merchants: The Shattered Kingdom, Ballistics, X3: Reunion, Jets'n'Guns, Sacred: Gold, Shadowgrounds, and Shadowgrounds Survivor to Linux. Some of these games were ported for them by Gordon.
LGP-associated but freelance consultant Frank C. Earl is porting the game Caster to Linux and has released the first episode and also developed the Linux version of Cortex Command being included in the second Humble Indie Bundle. He is also working towards other porting projects such as the entire Myth series. He is largely taking recommendations and he comments as part of the Phoronix community. icculus.org has ported beta releases for Medal of Honor: Allied Assault and Devastation, versions of America's Army, and the titles Prey, Aquaria, Braid, Hammerfight and Cogs.
The German publisher RuneSoft was founded in 2000. They ported the games Northland, Robin Hood: The Legend of Sherwood, Airline Tycoon Deluxe, Ankh, Ankh: Heart of Osiris, Barkanoid 2, and Jack Keane to Linux, as well as porting Knights and Merchants: The Shattered Kingdom and Software Tycoon, for Linux Game Publishing. Hyperion Entertainment ported games to several systems, they have ported Shogo: Mobile Armor Division and SiN to Linux, as well as porting Gorky 17 for Linux Game Publishing. Wyrmkeep Entertainment has brought the games The Labyrinth of Time and Inherit the Earth: Quest for the Orb to Linux. Alternative Games brought Trine and Shadowgrounds, and Shadowgrounds Survivor for Linux Game Publishing.
Aspyr Media released their first Linux port in June 2014, they claim they are porting to Linux due to Valve bringing out SteamOS. Aspyr Media later ported Borderlands 2 to Linux in September 2014.
Having ported games to Mac OS X since 1996, video game publisher Feral Interactive released XCOM: Enemy Unknown, its first game for Linux, in June 2014. Feral Interactive stated they port games to Linux thanks to SteamOS.
Some id Software employees ported the Doom series, the Quake series, Return to Castle Wolfenstein, Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory and Enemy Territory: Quake Wars. Some games published by GarageGames which have Linux versions include Bridge Builder, Marble Blast Gold, Gish, ThinkTanks, Tribal Trouble, and Dark Horizons: Lore Invasion.
MP Entertainment released Hopkins FBI and Crack dot com released Abuse for Linux, becoming one of the first developers to release a native port. Inner Worlds, another early commercial Linux title, was released for and partly developed on Linux. Philos Laboratories released a Linux version of Theocracy on the retail disk. Absolutist has supported Linux for a number of years. GLAMUS GmbH released a Linux version of their game Mobility. Vicarious Visions ported the space-flight game Terminus to Linux.
Lava Lord Games released their game Astro Battle for Linux. Xatrix Entertainment released a Linux version of Kingpin: Life of Crime. Bioware released Neverwinter Nights for Linux. Croteam released the Serious Sam series, with the first game ported by Gordon and with the second self-ported. Gordon also ported Epic Games' shooter games Unreal Tournament 2003 and Unreal Tournament 2004.
|“||We strongly want to get into Linux for a reason," Gustavsson said. "It took Halo for the first Xbox to kick off and go crazy — usually, it takes one killer app or game and then people are more than willing [to adopt it] — it is not hard to get your hands on Linux, for example, it only takes one game that motivates you to go there.||”|
Commercial games for non-x86 instruction sets
Some companies ported games to Linux running on instruction sets other than x86, such as Alpha, PowerPC, Sparc, MIPS or ARM. Loki Entertainment Software ported Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, Heroes of Might and Magic III, Myth II: Soulblighter, Railroad Tycoon II Gold Edition and Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri with Alien Crossfire expansion pack to Linux PowerPC. They also ported Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri with Alien Crossfire expansion pack to Linux Alpha and Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire to Linux SPARC. Linux Game Publishing published Candy Cruncher, Majesty Gold, NingPo MahJong and Soul Ride to Linux PowerPC. They also ported Candy Cruncher, Soul Ride to Linux SPARC and Soul Ride to Linux Alpha. Illwinter Game Design ported Dominions: Priests, Prophets & Pretenders, Dominions II: The Ascension Wars and Dominions 3 to Linux PowerPC and Conquest of Elysium 3, Dominions 4: Thrones of Ascension to Raspberry Pi. Hyperion Entertainment ported Sin to Linux PowerPC published by Titan Computer and Gorky 17 to Linux PowerPC which later was published by LGP. Runesoft hired Gunnar von Boehn which ported Robin Hood – The Legend of Sherwood to Linux PowerPC. Later Runesoft ported Airline Tycoon Deluxe to Raspberry Pi was running Debian GNU/Linux.
Several developers have released the source code to many of their legacy titles, allowing them to be run as native applications on many alternative platforms, including Linux. Examples of games which were ported to Linux this way include Duke Nukem 3D, Shadow Warrior, Rise of the Triad, Ken's Labyrinth, Seven Kingdoms, Warzone 2100, Homeworld, Call to Power II, Wolfenstein 3D, Heretic, Hexen, Hexen II, Aliens versus Predator, Descent, Descent II and Freespace 2. Several game titles that were previously released for Linux were also able to be expanded or updated because of the availability of game code, including Doom, Abuse, Quake, Quake II, Quake III Arena and Jagged Alliance 2. Some derivatives based on released source code have also been released for Linux, such as Aleph One and Micropolis for Marathon 2: Durandal and SimCity respectively.
Certain game titles were even able to be ported due to availability of shared engine code even though the game's code itself remains proprietary or otherwise unavailable, such as the video game Strife or the multiplayer component of Star Trek: Voyager - Elite Force. Some games have even been ported entirely or partially by reverse engineering and game engine recreation such as WarCraft II through Wargus or Commander Keen. Another trick is to attempt hacking the game to work as a mod on another native title, such as with the original Unreal. Additionally, some games can be run through the use of Linux specific runtime environments, such as the case of certain games made with Adventure Game Studio such as the Chzo Mythos or certain titles made with the RPG Maker tool. Games derived from released code, with both free and proprietary media, that are released for Linux include Urban Terror, OpenArena, FreeDoom, World of Padman, Nexuiz/Xonotic, War§ow and Excalibur: Morgana's Revenge.
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games
This is a selected list of MMORPGs that are native on Linux:
- A Tale in the Desert III (2003, eGenesis) – A trading and crafting game, set in ancient Egypt, pay-to-play.
- Auteria (2007) – A fantasy 3D free-to-play MMORPG.
- Crossfire (1992) – A medieval fantasy 2D game.
- Diaspora (1999, Altitude Productions) – 2D Space trading MMORPG. (Project Diaspora version has a Linux client.)
- Dofus (2005, Ankama Games) – A 2D fantasy MMORPG.
- Eternal Lands (2003, Radu Privantu) – A 3D fantasy free-to-play MMORPG.
- PlaneShift – A free 3D fantasy game.
- Regnum Online – A 3D fantasy game, free-to-play with premium content.
- RuneScape – Java fantasy 3rd person MMORPG.
- Salem – An isometric, 3D fantasy game with a focus on crafting and permadeath.
- Shroud of the Avatar – An isometric, 3D fantasy game and the spiritual successor to the Ultima Online.
- Spiral Knights – Java fantasy 3rd person game.
- The Mana World – 2D medieval fantasy MMORPG, free to play and open source (GPL'd) – first released in 2005.
- The Saga of Ryzom – has a Linux client and source code available.
- Tibia – A 2D Medieval fantasy MMORPG game. Free-to-play with premium content. One of the oldest MMORPG, created January 1997. With Official Linux client.
- Ultima Online has an unofficial Linux client.
- Vendetta Online – A 3D spacecraft MMOFPS with growing RPG elements, pay to play. Maintains both Linux/32 and Linux/64 clients.
- WorldForge – A game engine. There are Linux clients available.
- Wurm Online – A Java-based MMORPG.
- Wyvern – A 2D fantasy MMORPG that runs on Java.
- Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates – A puzzle game which runs on Java.
- Many Virtual Worlds – (such as Second Life) also have Linux clients.
- "Ghost of Fun Time's Past". Linux Journal.
- "DOOM". Linux Journal.
- Zimbinski, Bob (January 1, 1999). "Getting Started with Quake". Linux Journal.
- "Partnership with Crack dot Com Brings Games to Linux" (Press release). Red Hat. 1997-10-07. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
- "So Long, Crack.com". loonygames. Retrieved 2011-08-04.
- "'Dave Taylor Interview - game developer'". blankmaninc.com. 2012-10-27.
- Mrochuk, Jeff (November 15, 2000). "How To Install Quake 1". Linux.com.
- Chalk, Andy (2013-02-06). "John Carmack Argues Against Native Linux Games". The Escapist. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
- "History and Future of OLPC SimCity / Micropolis".
- Kuhnash, Jeremy (February 9, 2000). "Hopkins FBI". Linux.com.
- Hitchens, Joe (September 19, 2001). "Internet Based Software Development". Sleepless Software Inc. Archived from the original on December 31, 2001.
- "Ultima Online for Linux".
- "Interview: Scott Draeker and Sam Latinga, Loki Entertainment". Linux Journal. August 1, 1999.
- "Interview with Ryan Gordon: Postal2, Unreal & Mac Gaming – Macologist". Archived from the original on March 9, 2005.
- Kreimeier, Bernd (January 1, 2001). "The Story of OpenAL". Linux Journal.
- Hills, James. "Loki and the Linux World Expo – GameSpy chats with Linux legend Scott Draeker about the future of Linux gaming". GameSpy. Archived from the original on 2006-03-15.
- Does Ragnarok for Loki Spell Doom for Linux Games?, IT World, February 28, 2002 (Article by Eric Foster-Johnson)]
- "Linux Game Publishing Blog, LGP History pt 1: How LGP came to be".
- Larabel, Michael (December 14, 2010). "Alternative Games Is All About Linux Gaming". Phoronix.
- Heggelund Hansen, Robin (March 10, 2009). "Porting games to Linux". hardware.no.
- "Quake, Meet GPL; GPL, Meet Quake". Linux Journal. 2007-12-01. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
- "The State of Linux Gaming 2011". OSNews.com. 2011-11-14. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
- Orland, Kyle (2011-02-28). "GDC 2011: Humble Indie Bundle Creators Talk Inspiration, Execution". Gamasutra. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
- Sneddon, Joey (2011-12-21). "Linux Users Continue To Pay Most for the @Humble Indie Bundle". OMG! Ubuntu!. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
- "cheese talks to himself – Desura Beta". twolofbees.com. 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
- "The state of Linux gaming in the SteamOS era". Ars Technica. 2015-02-26. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
- "Gabe Newell: Linux is the future of gaming, new hardware coming soon". Ars Technica. 2013-09-16. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
- Albanesius, Chloe (2012-07-17). "Valve Moves Forward With Steam for Linux | News & Opinion". PCMag.com. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
- "Steam'd Penguins". Valve Corporation. 2012-07-16. Retrieved 2012-07-16.
- Lein, Tracey (2012-07-16). "'Left 4 Dead 2' to be first Valve game on Linux". The Verve. Retrieved 2012-07-16.
- Hillier, Brenna (2012-07-24). "Serious Sam 3: BFE headed to Steam Ubuntu". VG247. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
- Larbel, Michael (2010-05-25). "Valve's Linux Play May Lead More Games To Follow Suit". Phoronix. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
- Larbel, Michael (2010-11-18). "Egosoft Wants To Bring Games To Steam On Linux". Phoronix. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
- "Editorial: Linux Gaming Will Be Fine Even Without Steam Machines Succeeding". GamingOnLinux. 2015-02-20. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
- "Unity 4.0 Launches". Marketwire. 2012-11-14. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
- Makuch, Eddie (23 September 2013). "Valve reveals SteamOS". GameSpot. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
- "GOG.com Are Going To Support Linux, Confirmed!". GamingOnLinux. 2014-03-18. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
- "GOG Com Now Officially Support Linux Games". GamingOnLinux. 2014-07-24. Retrieved 2014-07-24.
- "Unreal Engine 4.1 Update Preview". 2014-04-03. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
- "CRYENGINE adds Linux Support as Crytek Prepare to Offer New Possibilities at GDC". 2014-03-11. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
- "Android Nears 80% Market Share In Global Smartphone Shipments".
- "Humble Budle data".
- "Steam Hardware & Software survey". March 2014.
- Linux Users Drop to Under 1% In Latest Steam Survey by Steven Bogos on the Escapist (26 May 2015)
- Platforms Top on 2016-03 Windows Player: 97.3%, OS X Player: 2.3%,Others (click to show): 0.4% Linux Player: 0.4%
- "Ubuntu Linux Gaming Performance Mostly On Par With Windows 8.1". Phoronix. 2013-10-27. Retrieved 2014-03-04.
- "Budget Fair Queueing I/O Scheduler".
- "Phoronix: Liquorix-benchmarks".
- "Liquorix homepage".
- Poettering, Lennart (2008-09-24). "A Guide Through The Linux Sound API Jungle". 0pointer.de/blog. Retrieved 2014-03-04.
- "Introducing NVIDIA GameWorks™ | NVIDIA Developer Zone". Developer.nvidia.com. 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
- "AMD Eyefinity Validated and Ready Software".
- "Multi-monitor: Civilization V on A10-7850K "Kaveri"".
- Hills, James. "Ports vs. Wine". GameSpy. Archived from the original on May 11, 2001.
- Larabel, Michael (July
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موجودی کالا یا انصراف خریدار، مبلغ پرداخت شده طی 24 الی 48 ساعت کاری به حساب خریدار واریز خواهد شد.
آرنامال مجاز است بدون اطلاع قبلی سفارش گیری جدید را متوقف نماید و کلیه سفارش های ثبت شده قبل از توقف سفارش گیری، پردازش و ارسال می شود. حق قطع فروش کلیه و یا بخشی از محصولات به هر دلیلی مانند اتمام موجودی کالا بدون اطلاع قبلی، برای آرنامال محفوظ است.
در صورت بروز هرگونه خطا نسبت به درج قیمت و ارزش ریالی کالاهای موجود در سایت آرنامال، حق بلا اثر نمودن سفارش و خرید انجام شده توسط خریدار، برای آرنامال محفوظ است. آرنامال در اسرع وقت وجوه دریافتی را به حساب اعلام شده توسط خریدار واریز و عودت می نماید و خریدار با ورود به سایت آرنامال می پذیرد از این امر آگاهی داشته و در این خصوص ادعایی نخواهد داشت.
کاربران باید هنگام سفارش کالای مورد نظر خود، فرم سفارش را با اطلاعات صحیح و به طور کامل تکمیل کنند. بدیهی است درصورت ورود اطلاعات ناقص یا نادرست، سفارش کاربر قابل پیگیری و تحویل نخواهد بود .
در صورت خرید مستقیم، حداکثر 72 ساعت کاری بعد از واریز مبلغ فاکتور صادر شده که شامل مبلغ کالا به همراه هزینه ارسال است، کالا ارسال خواهد شد.
در صورت استفاده از پیک اختصاصی آرنامال امکان پرداخت در محل برای خریداران وجود دارد.
در خصوص کالاهای حجیم، سنگین و یا گران قیمت ، هزینه ارسال به صورت پس کرایه محاسبه و بر عهده خریدار می باشد. آرنامال در چنین مواردی هماهنگی لازم را با خریدار به عمل می آورد.
آرنامال همواره نهایت تلاش خود را می کند تا کلیه سفارش ها را در نهایت صحت و بدون آسیب به دست خریداران خود در سراسر کشور برساند. با توجه به بسته بندی ایمن و استاندارد همه مرسولات، تحویل مرسوله به هر یک از شرکت های حمل و نقل معتبر به انتخاب کاربر و اعلام بارنامه مرسوله به این معنی است که بروز هر گونه حادثه در هنگام حمل و تحویل به عهده شرکت حمل و نقل است و آرنامال تنها در صورت تایید شرکت حمل کنندۀ سفارش، مبنی بر قبول جبران خسارت و در راستای تسهیل امور پیگیری، خسارت را جبران می کند.
آسیب های ناشی از حمل و نقل باید در عرض 24 ساعت کاری پس از تحویل سفارش به خدمات پس از فروش آرنامال اطلاع داده شود و کالای آسیب دیده به همراه صورت جلسه رسمی شرکت حمل کننده و کلیه متعلقات و فاکتور به خدمات پس از فروش آرنامال ارسال شود.
سایت آرنامال ممکن است دارای لینک هایی به سایت های دیگر باشد. این سایت ها تحت کنترل آرنامال نیستند و سایت آرنامال هیچ مسئولیتی در قبال محتویات این سایت ها شامل (و نه محدود به) لینک های دیگری که ممکن است در این سایت ها باشد ندارد. سایت آرنامال این لینک ها را برای سهولت شما فراهم کرده است و وجود هر یک از این لینک ها به معنی تائید یا هر نوع ارتباط ما با اداره کنندگان آنها نیست. سایت هایی که در آگهی ها یا صفحه های سایت آرنامال لینک می شوند را افرادی خارج از آرنامال اداره می کنند، بنابراین سایت آرنامال نمی تواند در مورد آنها ضمانتی داشته باشد. شما توافق می کنید مسئولیت هر گونه خسارت و آسیب احتمالی وارده را از طریق ویروس یا فایل های مخرب دیگر که می تواند ناشی از دریﺎفت و استفاده از داده ها و فایل های متعلق به سایت های لینک شده در سایت آرنامال باشد، خود برعهده خواهید داشت.
آرنامال نهایت تلاش و دقت را در راستای ارائه تمامی سرویس های خود می کند و به منظور تولید محتوا از منابع و مراجع اصیل و نیز شرکت های سازنده محصولات استفاده می کند. لازم به ذکر است آرنامال تضمین نمی کند که توصیفات محصول و یا دیگر مطالب مندرج در سایت عاری از خطا باشد. اگر محصول ارائه شده توسط آرنامال دارای هر گونه مغایرت با اطلاعات درج شده در سایت است تنها راه حل، استرداد کالا قبل از استفاده و در شرایط اولیه است.
وب سایت آرنامال هیچ گونه مسئولیتی را در رابطه با حذف شدن صفحه های سایت خود و یا لینک های مرده نمی پذیرد. سرویس های سایت آن گونه که هست ارائه می شود و سایت آرنامال تحت هیچ شرایطی مسئولیت تاخیر یا عدم کارکرد سایت را که می تواند ناشی از عوامل طبیعی، نیروى انسانی، مشکلات اینترنتی، خرابی تجهیزات کامپیوترى، مخابراتی و غیره باشد بر عهده ندارد.
سایت آرنامال ممکن است دارای سرویس هایی با قابلیت مشارکت عمومی موسوم به سرویس های جمعی، همچون اتاق گفتگو، تابلوی اعلانات، تالار گفتگو، نقد، گروه های خبری، شبکه دوستان و سرویس های دیگری باشد که برای تسهیل ارتباط شما با دیگران (چه در مقیاس عمومی مثل تالار گفتگو و چه در مقیاس خصوصی مثل شبکه خصوصی دوستان) ارائه می شوند. شما توافق می کنید که از این سرویس های جمعی، فقط برای ثبت، ارسال و دریافت پیام هایی استفاده کنید که مناسب و مرتبط با آن سرویس خاص باشد.
کلیه محتویات سایت آرنامال شامل قانون حق تکثیر شده و به سایت آرنامال تعلق دارد.
سیاست قیمت گذاری در آرنامال مبتنی بر اصول خریدار مداری و احترام به حقوق مصرف کننده است. قیمت های ارائه شده برای کالاها در آرنامال قیمت های خرده فروشی است که غالباً توسط تولید کننده و یا تامین کننده آن محصول به صورت مصوب تعیین شده است و سایر کالاها بر اساس مدل و مشخصات و همچنین کالاهای مشابه در بازار تعیین قیمت می شوند.
با نهایت احترام به کاربران و با توجه به طیف گسترده سبد محصولات، آرنامال نمی تواند قیمت و موجودی نهایی کالاها را قبل از سفارش گذاری به صورت قطعی اعلام نماید. در مواردی بسیار نادر و در صورت وجود نوسان هایی در بازار و یا اشتباه در قیمت گذاری، اگر سفارشی قابل تحویل نباشد، آرنامال موظف است در اسرع وقت این موضوع را به فرد سفارش دهنده اطلاع دهد و سفارش را لغو نماید. لازم به ذکر است در صورتی که کالایی پس از ثبت سفارش شامل کاهش قیمت شود، سفارش به روز رسانی و قیمت جدید اعمال می شود. قیمت کلیه محصولات با احتساب مالیات بر ارزش افزوده است و خریدار مبلغ جداگانه ای بابت مالیات و عوارض ارزش افزوده پرداخت نمی کند و هزینه های بسته بندی، ارسال و بیمه حمل کالا با توجه به شرایط سفارش که در فرم سبد خرید اطلاع رسانی می شود، ممکن است جداگانه محاسبه شود.
1. طبق قوانین مدنی و تجاری ایران ، تنها اشخاص بالای 18 سال می توانند عضو سایت شوند و از خدمات سایت استفاده کنند.
2. کلیه کاربران مسئول حفظ و نگهداری از نام کاربری و رمز عبور و اطلاعات شخصی خود می باشند و آرنامال هیچ مسئولیتی در قبال از دست رفتن اطلاعات در خارج از محدوده ی سایت خود ندارد.
3. کلیه ی کاربران در حین عضویت اطلاعاتی نظیر نام، نام خانوادگی، کد ملی ، شماره تلفن تماس، آدرس پست الکترونیکی، آدرس و کدپستی را تکمیل می نمایند و می بایست این اطلاعات به درستی و با صحت کامل در سایت وارد شود. در صورت وجود خطا یا تغییر در این اطلاعات کاربر موظف است این اطلاعات را به روزرسانی نماید و مسئولیت حقوقی و قانونی هرگونه جعل عنوان یا عدم صحت اطلاعات فردی یا سوء استفاده از مشخصات دیگران بر عهده ی شخص کاربر می باشد.
4. سایت آرنامال می تواند بنا به تشخیص ضرورت و با قصد احراز هویت از کاربران مدارکی دال بر صحت مشخصات اعلامی آنان درخواست نماید .
5. کلیه کاربران اعم از خریداران و سایر اعضای سایت آرنامال می بایست با قبول و تایید توافقنامه حاضر موافقت خود را اعلام نموده و درصورت تغییر بندهای توافق نامه طبق سیاست های سایت ملزم به تایید مجدد می باشند .
6. کاربر در مقابل کلیه مکاتباتی که سایت آرنامال با وی از طریق پست الکترونیکی یا پیامک و یا از طریق حساب کاربری وی در سایت انجام می شود مسئول خواهد بود و مصداق سند مکتوب در نظر گرفته خواهد شد. سایت آرنامال پس از گذشت 24 ساعت از آخرین ارتباط خود با کاربر آن را مشاهده شده تلقی نموده و می تواند در مورد وی تصمیم گیری کند.
7. در صورتی که دسترسی کاربر به سایت آرنامال در هرشرایطی حتی شرایط خاص و غیر قابل پیش بینی امکان پذیر نباشد، سایت آرنامال مسئولیتی در قبال زیان های احتمالی وارد شده نخواهد داشت.
8. آدرس و یا آدرس هایی که کاربران در حساب کاربری خود درج می نمایند، به عنوان مقصد ارسال و یا برگشت کالا مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد و مسئولیت هرگونه اشتباه در ارسال کالا بر عهده ی شخص کاربر می باشد.
9. سایت آرنامال برای اطلاع رسانی کاربران به مناسبت های گوناگون از جمله بروز مشکل و اختلاف در روند معامله، طرف ذیربط را از طریق پست الکترونیکی ، پیامک و پنل کاربری مطلع خواهد کرد. سایت آرنامال تضمینی برای دریافت پیامک ارسالی به کاربران نمی دهد و کاربران موظفند پس از اقدام به خرید یک کالا پست الکترونیکی و حساب کاربری خود در سایت را به صورت منظم و تا حداکثر زمان محتمل برای بروز مشکلات بازدید و کنترل نمایند.
10. کاربران موظفند از انجام هر گونه عملی در سایت یا مطلب گذاری در سایر رسانه ها که منجر به نزول کیفیت خدمات، اطلاع رسانی و رابط کاربری سایت و نیز ممانعت از فعالیت های تجاری سایر کاربران نظیر اسپم کردن سایت از کالاهای دروغین و گمراه کننده به مقاصد مختلف از قبیل کنترل قیمت بازار و یا تبلیغات، پرهیز نمایند.
11. خریدار محترم می بایست نسبت به بررسی دقیق و انتخاب کالا در خرید مستقیم دقت کافی داشته باشد و در زمان تحویل کالا نسبت به صحت و سلامت کالای تحویلی، تاییدیه لازم را اعلام نماید و در صورت عدم رضایت از کالای تحویلی ، کالا را تحویل نگیرد (در صورتیکه خریدار کالا را به دلایل غیر موجه تحویل نگیرد هزینه پست از مبلغ واریزی کسر و مابقی به حساب خریدار واریز خواهد شد).
12. در صورت منطقی و موجه بودن علت عدم دریافت کالا ( از قبیل مغایرت کالای خریداری شده و کالای تحویلی ، شکستگی یا وجود نقصان یا هر گونه ایراد ظاهری)، خریدار موظف به اعلام موضوع در سایت می باشد و در صورت تایید، مبلغ کسر شده نیز به حساب ایشان واریز یا در صورت موجود بودن، کالای خریداری شده برای ایشان ارسال خواهد شد.
13. کالا به آدرس ثبت شدۀ خریدار در سایت ارسال خواهد شد. چنانچه در هنگام تکمیل فرم سفارش، آدرس جدیدی قید نشده باشد، آدرسی که خریدار در سایت عنوان نموده، به عنوان محل تحویل در نظر گرفته خواهد شد.
14. خریدار موظف است در زمان خرید نسبت به گستره جغرافیای تحویل کالا و سایر شرایط فروش کالا دقت کافی داشته باشد.
15. احراز شرایط تحویل کالا توسط خریدار به یکی از طرق ذیل می باشد :
16. در صورت پذیرش کالا و امضاء برگه ی تحویل کالا، اعتراضات خریدار فقط در سایت ثبت و سایت بررسی لازم را انجام خواهد داد اما ثبت اعتراض منوط به حق به جانب بودن خریدار محترم نخواهد بود.
17. چنانچه خریدار در زمان تحویل کالا در مکان مورد نظر حضور نداشته تنها شخصی که در سایت توسط خریدار به عنوان تحویل گیرنده معرفی شده باشد می تواند کالا را تحویل بگیرد و رسید تحویل را امضا نماید (چه از طریق دست خط و یا به صورت الکترونیک که توسط واحد توزیع آرنامال ثبت شود) که در این صورت به منزله تحویل گرفتن کالا توسط خریدار تلقی خواهد شد.
18. خریدار می بایست نسبت به تحویل کلیه کالاها برگه تحویل را امضا نماید و به دلیل تفاوت در شیوه ارسال هر نوع کالا امکان تحویل در زمان های مختلف برای هر کالا وجود خواهد داشت . بنابراین در زمان سفارش چندین قلم کالا ممکن است کلیه اقلام سفارشی همزمان تحویل نگردد. در این مواقع خریدار موظف به تحویل گرفتن اقلام ارسالی بوده و تا حداکثر زمان تحویل سایر اقلام منتظر بماند.
19. مطابق ماده 21 قانون جرایم رایانه ای ، کاربر مجاز به استفاده از نام کاربری، عکس، سخن و کلمات توهین آمیز و غیراخلاقی و مغایر با شئونات مذهبی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی وفق مصادیق محتوای مجرمانه در قانون در سایت و شبکه های اجتماعی متعلق به سایت نمی باشد. و در صورت مشاهده سایت مجاز است تا علاوه بر حذف کاربر نسبت به احقاق حق خود پیگیری های قانونی را به انجام رساند و تا هنگام تعیین تکلیف، وضعیت پنل کاربری وی غیر فعال خواهد شد.
20. همچنین کاربر در مکاتبه، مکالمه و اظهار نظر در مورد سایر کاربران و مسئولین سایت موظف به رعایت کمال ادب و احترام است.
21. تخلف از قوانین جاری کشور منجمله قانون مجازات مرتکبین جرایم رایانه ای، بانکی، پولشویی ، قوانین گمرکی و سوء استفاده از خدمات سایت برای کاربران و نقض حریم شخصی کاربران دیگر و فعالیت های هرمی و سایر جرایم ممنوع می باشد.
22. بخشهای راهنمایی ، درباره ما و قسمتهای دیگر موجود در سایت به عنوان بخشهای راهنما و راههای تماس با ما می باشد و همچنین خود به تنهایی در برگیرنده بخشی از شرایط و ضوابط سایت می باشند .
هدف آرنامال تحویل کالا به خریداران محترم در بهترین شرایط ممکن است ولی به دلایل مختلفی این امکان وجود دارد که خریدار محترم تمایل به بازگشت کالا به آرنامال را داشته باشد. درصورت بروز چنین شرایطی آرنامال بر اساس رویه های معینی که در هنگام خرید کالا به تائید خریدار محترم رسیده است، 7 روز مهلت برای بازگشت کالاها درنظر گرفته است و خریداران محترم برای بهره مندی از این خدمت لازم است تا شرایط ذیل را رعایت نمایند.
با توجه به اینکه آرنامال یک مرکز خرید بزرگ با گوناگونی فراوان کالاهای ارایه شده می باشد در صورتیکه کالاهایی که تابع آیین نامه اجرایی مواد 38 و 42 قانون تجارت الکترونیکی می باشند در هنگام تحویل به تأیید خریداران محترم رسیده باشند، مشمول مهلت هفت روزه بازگشت کالا نمی شوند. از جمله این کالاها می توان به موارد زیر اشاره نمود:
لازم به ذکر است که هدایای ارسالی برای خریداران محترم نیز مشمول مهلت هفت روزه بازگشت کالا نیستند.
نصب کالاهایی همچون تلویزیون، ماشین لباسشویی، ماشین ظرفشویی، یخچال، فریزر، آبسردکن، مایکروویو و مانند آنها حتماً باید توسط نصاب مجاز اعزام شده از سوی شرکت مربوطه انجام شود. به این منظور لازم است تا پس از تحویل گرفتن کالا با شرکت مربوطه یا یکی از نمایندگی های مجاز آن تماس بگیرید. بدیهی است که بازنمودن کارتن یا نصب کالا توسط خریدار یا افرادی به غیر از نصاب های مجاز شرکت مربوطه باعث از بین رفتن امکان استفاده از هرگونه گارانتی یا خدمات پس از فروش خواهد شد.
1. در زمان خرید در صورتی که پرداخت شما معلق باشد به این معنی است که وجهی از حساب شما به حساب آرنامال انتقال داده نشده و در صورت کسر از حساب شما باید از طریق بانک خود پیگیری کنید.(ممکن است وجه معلق شده پس از 72 ساعت به حساب شما واریز گردد و این امر از سمت بانک و سیستم شاپرک صورت می پذیرد).
2. آرنامال در هیچ نقطه ای از کشور نمایندگی فروش و یا خدمات پس از فروش ندارد و کلیه سرویس ها، تراکنش های مالی و خدمات قابل ارائه از طریق دفتر مرکزی پردازش می شود. لطفاً در صورت مشاهده هر گونه تخلفی از این دست، مراتب را جهت پیگرد قانونی به روابط عمومی آرنامال اطلاع دهید.
3. تمامی شرایط و قوانین مندرج، در شرایط عادی قابل اجرا است و در صورت بروز هرگونه از موارد قوه قهریه، آرنامال هیچ گونه مسئولیتی ندارد.
4. آرنامال خود را ملزم به رعایت حریم شخصی کاربران می داند، لطفا در صورت مشاهده هرگونه تخلف، مراتب را از طریق کانال های ارتباطی ذکر شده با ما در میان بگذارید.<|endoftext|>George Raymond Richard Martin (d. 20 Eylül 1948), Amerikalı yazar ve fantezi, korku ve bilim kurgu senaryo yazarı. Kendisi en çok Türkçeye Buz ve Ateşin Şarkısı olarak çevrilen ve daha sonra Game of Thrones adıyla dizisi çekilen A Song of Ice and Fire isimli epik fantezi roman serisinin yazarı olarak bilinir. Martin, Time tarafından "2011'in en etkili 100 kişisi" arasına seçilmiştir.<|endoftext|>In either case, the microscopic things enter our bodies and multiply rapidly if a virus is not a living creature, then how could it do this why are. The categorization of viruses as nonliving during much of the modern era of biological by that description, a virus seems more like a chemistry set than an organism debates over whether to label viruses as living lead naturally to another. Although i am open to the argument that it can be considered alive because of its the issue of whether viruses are alive seems to me a question of though they do reproduce, there are many other non-living things which. It has been argued extensively whether viruses are living organisms most virologists consider them non-living, as they do not meet all the criteria of the.
A rock is still nonliving, and cells and animals are if cells don't even have cells, then how are they alive to me, we only need 6 characteristics to define life,. If life were a monster movie, would viruses be vampires or zombies in earlier drafts of criteria for life, the requirement was that living things must be made of. Viruses are infectious agents with
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Dominik Cumhuriyeti Amerika kıtasının ortasında yer alır. Haritadaki görünümleri aşağıdaki gibidir. DOMİNİK CUMHURİYETİ NEREDE? Dominik Cumhuriyeti, Karayiplerdeki Hispanyola adasında yer alan bir ülkedir. Hispanyola, Porto Riko’nun batısında, Küba ve Jamaika’nın doğusunda yer alır. Venezuela ile deniz sınırı vardır. Adanın batı kısmında Haiti bulunur. Dominik Cumhuriyeti ile Dominika karıştırılmamalıdır.Dominik Cumhuriyeti Avrupalıların Amerika kıtalarında ilk oluşturdukları yerleşimdir. Başkenti, Santo Domingo da Amerika’lardaki ilk sömürge başkentiydi. Bağımsızlığının büyük bir bölümünde ülkede siyasi buhran yaşanmış, halkı temsil etmeyen ve baskıcı pek çok hükûmet tarafından idare edilmiştir. 1961’de diktatör Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina’nın ölümünden sonra Dominik Cumhuriyeti temsili demokrasiye geçmiştir.
#<|endoftext|>The world is more interconnected than ever before, as globalization has lowered economic barriers and increased the movement of people and goods across borders. At the same time, violence and instability plague countries across the globe. The need to ensure both international cooperation and national security has led to questions of how governments should approach this complex world.
Independent Institutes fellows have looked at defense and foreign-policy issues from perspectives that emphasize the importance of peace and commerce between people of all countries. Often, they have emphasized the need for military restraint. This approach has its roots in the foreign-policy vision of the American Founders, who viewed war making and military adventurism as precursors to higher taxes and reduced international trade.
Independent fellows have found that military adventurism also reduces national security by unnecessarily provoking hostility abroad, erodes constitutional limitations on government power through a process of ideological drift, and leads to losses of civil liberties at home as military tools and techniques are brought back home for domestic law enforcementa boomerang effect.
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May 16, 2019
Mar. 6, 2019<|endoftext|>Bu poker oyunu 7 Card Stud ile yakından ilişkilidir ve birbirine o kadar benzer ki, tek bir makalede birleştirilmiştir. Chicago’nun her iki formu, Yüksek Chicago ve Düşük Chicago poker de bir fark dışında, Seven Card Stud gibi oynar. Chicago Lisesi’nde, pot kazanana verilene kadar oyun normal şekilde oynanır. En iyi ele sahip oyuncu potun yarısını, en yüksek Spade delik kartına sahip oyuncu potun diğer yarısını kazanır. Bunun yalnızca oyuncunun elindeki olan kapalı kartlar için geçerli olduğunu unutmamak önemlidir. Bir oyuncu Maça Ası gösteriyorsa, bu hiçbir şeye yardımcı olmaz. En yüksek maça gizli kartlardan birinden gelmelidir.
Düşük Chicago ve Yüksek Chicago Farkı
Düşük Chicago poker, Yüksek Chicago nun tam tersidir. Elin sonunda, en iyi ele sahip olan oyuncu potun yarısını ve en düşük Maça bir delik kartına sahip olan oyuncu potun diğer yarısını kazanır. Her iki versiyonda da hiç kimsede kapalı kart için Maça yoksa, en iyi ele sahip olan oyuncu tüm potu kazanır. Her elin başında, her oyuncu oyunu başlatmak için bir ante öder. Ante, alt bahis limitinin yüzde onuna eşit küçük, zorunlu bir bahistir.
Antes, oyuncuların her seferinde mükemmel eli bekleyememesi için insanları her pota katkıda bulunmaya zorlamak için kullanılır. Her oyuncuya ikisi kapalı, biri açık olmak üzere üç kart dağıtılır. En düşük kartı gösteren oyuncu, ilk bahis turuna getirmeyi ödeyerek başlar. Getirme, alt bahis limitinin yarısına eşit zorunlu bir bahistir. Getirmeyi ödeyen oyuncu, mevcut bahsi bu miktarda bırakabilir veya alt bahis limitine kadar yükseltebilir.
Düşük Chicago Poker Nasıl Oynanır?
Bahis daha sonra masanın etrafında saat yönünde devam eder. Her oyuncu, elde devam etmek için getirme veya minimum bahsi seçmelidir. Herhangi bir oyuncu bir yükseltme yaparsa, masadaki diğer tüm oyuncular o yükseltmeyi, yeniden artırmayı veya pas geçmeyi söylemelidir. Hala eldeki oyuncular artık kartlarını gösterir. En iyi poker eline sahip olan oyuncu, yedi kartından herhangi beşini kullanarak potun yarısını kazanır.
En yüksek maça deliği kartını gösteren oyuncu, potun diğer yarısını kazanır. En yüksek ele sahip oyuncunun aynı zamanda en yüksek küreğe sahip olduğu bir durumla başa çıkmanın iki yolu vardır. Bir seçenek, o oyuncuya tüm potu vermektir. Diğer seçenek, o oyuncuya potun yarısını vermek ve diğer yarısını en iyi ikinci küreğe sahip oyuncuya vermektir. Düşük Chicago poker oynuyorsanız, kazananı belirlemek için en yüksek kürek yerine en düşük küreği kullanırsınız.<|endoftext|>Long after the winners of Super Bowl XLV have taken home the Lombardi trophy, this season will be remembered for new efforts to mitigate the seemingly inevitable head injuries sustained by so many football players.
The average player sustains an estimated 950 impacts to the head during a season. These hits could result not only in concussions but also long-term brain damage. In response to the greater awareness of head injuries, the NFL made significant rule changes this season—harsher penalties and heavy fines for helmet-to-helmet hits or hits against defenseless players. But another way to protect players comes from better helmet technology.
Riddell, the official equipment manufacturer of the NFL, has released a new type of helmet designed to help reduce concussions. The Riddell 360 reduces the force of impact to the front of a player’s head, where 70 percent of hits occur, says Thad Ide, Riddell’s senior vice president of research and development. Ide adds that 70 percent of concussions result from hits to the front of the helmet.
Riddell has gathered statistics on head injuries using its own HIT technology, a system that employs sensor-equipped helmets to measure the location, magnitude, and direction of hits experienced during a game or practice. To date, the system has gathered data on over 1.5 million head impacts. The NFL recently announced that it will use the HIT technology to measure head impacts during the 2011 season. The league is working to advance the system and build new sensors that can be placed not just around the top of the helmet, but also behind a player’s ear and in a mouthpiece for more accurate readings.
Riddell redesigned key aspects of the helmet to better protect its front section. Faceguards are normally made of carbon steel and attached to the upper front of the helmet; so when a player gets hit in the face, energy is transferred to the front of the head. In contrast, the facemask on the Riddell 360 is made of a hybrid of carbon steel and a lightweight, flexible material. It’s attached to the side of the helmet with hinge clips, which means the faceguard flexes on impact, absorbing more of the energy before returning to its original shape.
Riddell researchers also created a “face frame structure,” a continuous padding arrangement made from materials that help reduce the amount of force transmitted to the player’s head from a hit to the front of the helmet. The padding inside the helmet has a hexagonal design that forms well to the player’s head, says Ide. And the helmet has an inflatable liner in the side and back for a custom fit. This prevents a player’s head from moving around inside the helmet, and keeps the helmet from popping off.
On January 10, the Riddell 360 was worn for the first time during a real game, when University of Oregon football star LaMichael James wore the helmet during the college national championship game against Auburn University. Ide says the helmet, priced at over $400, will ship to all Division 1 college teams this spring.
Another major challenge in helmet design is protecting against rotational or angular accelerations, hits that cause a player’s head to rotate or spin slightly, which most often lead to concussions. Since 2007, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has been funding studies, using the HIT system, to measure how this type of head impact causes injury. The HIT technology measures both rotational and linear acceleration of a player’s head. Linear acceleration is the result of a direct hit that causes a player’s head to move back and forth. The resulting reaction force is expressed in g-force (with one g being equal to the force of gravity). Research conducted by the NFL has determined that 98 g is the threshold for concussions.<|endoftext|>QUIZ YOURSELF ON "WAS" VS. "WERE"!
Origin of anterior
OTHER WORDS FROM anterioran·te·ri·or·i·ty [an-teer-ee-awr-i-tee, -or-], /ænˌtɪər iˈɔr ɪ ti, -ˈɒr-/, nounan·te·ri·or·ly, adverbnon·an·te·ri·or, adjective
Example sentences from the Web for anterior
The team saw nerve cells, or neurons, firing in the anterior cingulate cortex, an area important in human empathy and part of the brain region responsible for memory and cognition.Mice may ‘catch’ each other’s pain — and pain relief|Carolyn Wilke|January 12, 2021|Science News
Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, sides parallel in basal half, convergent anteriorly.
The belly is creamy white anteriorly and vermillion red posteriorly.
A cream-colored lateral stripe is on the third and fourth dorsal scale-rows anteriorly and the second and third rows posteriorly.
Nostrils placed dorsolaterally and directed anteriorly, situated about midway between tip of snout and eye.
Specimens from the three mentioned localities have the dark nuchal spot bordered anteriorly by a pale blotch.<|endoftext|>Röportaj Deniz Atlı
Deniz ATLI ile keyifli bir sohbet gerçekleştirdik. 3. video röportajımızda Özgür Ceren Can sordu, DENİZ ATLI cevapladı.
00:00 Dansa nasıl başladın?
04:04 Platform Sanat'ı kuruş sürecini biraz anlatabilir misin? Platform Sanat ve Platform Dans Tiyatrosu var. Bu iki ayrı eksende çalışmalarınız nasıl devam ediyor?
05:29 Dans tiyatrosu ve performans nedir?
07:42 Senin performans anlayışındaki farklılıklar neler?
09:25 Bu çalışmaları gerçekleştirirken ihtiyaç duyduğun sahne olanaklarını bulabiliyor musun?
12:53 Farklı jenerasyonlarla çalışmanı, etkileşimini değerlendirebilir misin?
18:04 Uluslararası sanatçıların da katılabileceği festivaller de oluyor mu? Kültür kurumlarının desteği var mı?
20:38 Bir dansçı olarak kentle iletişiminiz nasıl oluyor? Platform Sanat olarak diğer tiyatro gruplarıyla etkileşiminiz nasıl? Seyircinin katılımı, reaksiyonu ne yönde?
23:18 Dünyada bu işler nasıl oluyor? Etkinliklere katılan bir sanatçı olarak kendi projelerinden ve nasıl katıldığından bahseder misin, oradaki gözlemlerin ne yönde?
27:08 Orada yaşadığın deneyimleri burada öğrencilerine aktarıyor musun, workshoplar yapıyor musun?
30:22 Kendi projelerinden bahseder misin?
35:54 Sanat ve politika ilişkisi hakkında ne düşünüyorsun?
Röportaj Platform Sanat'ta gerçekleştirilmiştir. → http://platformsanat.com/<|endoftext|>Birazdan göreceğiniz bütün bu rahatsız edici görüntüler, istenmeyen genetik özelliklere sahip olan bireylerin toplumun 'temizlenmesi' için kısırlaştırıldığı veya öldürüldüğü bir zamanın belgeleleridir. 1900'lü yıllarda hem ABD'de hem de Avrupa'da yaşamış bu tuhaf ama gerçek olayları sizler için Dailymail'den derledik.
1. İnsan özelliklerini ölçme ve istenmeyen türleri ortadan kaldırma sistemi bir zamanlar hemen hemen tüm dünyada uygulanmıştır
2. Engelli kişilerin çocuk sahibi olmasını önlemek için sunulan 'kısırlaştırma' yasası ilk kez 1907'de ABD'nin Indiana eyaletinde kabul edildi.
3. Yine aynı Öjenik Topluğu, Hintli cüce ve dev insanları fotoğraflıyor ve doğru şekilde ürerlerse boyların kontrol altına alınabileceğini öne sürüyor.
4. New York City Polisi suçlular üzerinde yaptıkları vücut ölçümlerini kameralara gösteriyor, 1908.
5. 1885 yılında Ulusal Bilim Akademisi'nden araştırmacılar insan kafatasını suyla doldurarak kapasitesini ölçmeyi hedefliyor.
İngiliz Sör Francis Galton aynı zamanda Charles Darwin'in kuzeniydi ve Türlerin Kökeni eserini adeta bir saplantı haline getirip 1883'te 'Öjeni' terimini ortaya koydu. Aynı zamanda yazıları İngiltere ve Amerika'daki öjeni hareketinin başlatılmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştı.<|endoftext|>Boags Commonwealth Marine Reserve
The Boags Commonwealth Marine Reserve represents an area of shallow ecosystems that has a depth range mostly between 40 m and 80 m. It encompasses the fauna of central Bass Strait, which is expected to be especially rich based on studies of several sea floor-dwelling animal groups.
The Boags Marine Reserve contains a rich array of life, particularly bottom-dwelling animals and animals living in the sea-floor sediments and muds, such as crustaceans, polychaete worms and molluscs, as is common for the Bass Strait seabed.
The reserve is adjacent to the important seabird breeding colonies of Tasmania's north-west, particularly the Hunter group of islands (Three Hummock Island, Hunter Island, Steep Island, Bird Island, Stack Island and Penguin Islet), and so is an important foraging area for a variety of seabirds.
White shark also forage in the reserve.
|Area||537 km2 (53 700 ha)|
|Types of zoning||Multiple Use Zone - IUCN Category VI|
Southern Rock Lobster
- Ecosystems, habitats and communities associated with: the Bass Strait Shelf Province and associated with the sea-floor features: plateau and tidal sandwave/sandbank
- Important foraging area for: shy albatross, Australasian gannet, short-tailed shearwater, fairy prion, black-faced cormorant, common diving petrel and little penguin
All fourteen reserves in the South-east are managed under the South-east Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network Management Plan 2013-23. This Management Plan sets out the zoning, allowable activities and rules for use within South-east marine reserves until 2023.
Click on map to view a larger image<|endoftext|>© 1998 – Psychology Press
Research on the development of human infants has revealed remarkable capacities in recent years. Instead of stressing the limitations of the newborn, the modern approach is now more optimistically based on an assessment of the adaptive capabilities of the infant. Innate endowment, coupled with interaction with the physical and social environment, enables a developmental transition from processes deeply rooted in early perception and action to the cognitive and language abilities typical of the toddler.; This book reviews a number of issues in early human development. It includes a reconceptualization of the role of perception at the origins of development, a reconciliation of psychophysical and ecological approaches to early face perception, and building bridges between biological and psychological aspects of development in terms of brain structure and function. Topics covered include basic exploratory processes of early visual systems in early perception and action; face perception in newborns, species typical aspects of human communication, imitation, perception of the phonetic structure of speech, origins of the pointing gesture, handedness origins and development, theoretical contributions on perception and cognition, implicit and explicit knowledge in babies; sensory-motor coordination and cognition, information processing and cognition, perception, habituation and the development of intelligence from infancy.
'This book is a 'must read' for anyone working in the field, both for its content and for its rich source for references into the wider literature. The treatment through the book is refreshingly, truly developmental. The authors carefully locate findings at specific age-points and discuss progression, rather than talking globally about 'infants and their abilities' without regard to age, as has too often been the base previously. The authors are also, in the main, laudably cautious in making claims about infant experience on the basis of experimental results, and they avoid falling into the trap of 'nativist rhetoric', as Leslie Cohen puts it in his chapter on information processing. This book is a challenging but rewarding collection for undergraduats, and an invaluabel resource for researchers.' - John Oates, Open University, in the Psychologist vol.13 2000
`… the volume by Simion and Butterworth is one of the best in a decade and deserves serious reading by serious students and contributors to the field of infancy.' - Richard N. Aslin, University of Rochester in Contemporary Psychology APA Review of Books 2000
Part I: The Visual System in Early Development. J. Atkinson, The "Where and What" or "Who and How" of Visual Development. R.O. Gilmore, M.H. Johnson, Learning What is Where: Oculomotor Contributions to the Development of Spatial Cognition. C. von Hofsten, K. Rosander, The Establishment of Gaze Control in Early Infancy. Part II: Face Perception: Psychological and Neurological Models. I.W.R. Bushnell, The Origins of Face Perception. F. Simion, E. Valenza, C. Umiltà, Mechanisms Underlying Face Preference at Birth. S. de Schonen, J. Mancini, F. Leigeois, About Functional Cortical Specialization: The Development of Face Recognition. A. Slater, S.P. Johnson, Visual, Sensory and Perceptual Abilities of the Newborn: Beyond the Blooming, Buzzing Confusion. Part III: Perception, Action and Communication. O. Maratos, Neonatal Early and Later Imitation: Same Order Phenomena? J. Bertoncini, Initial Capacities for Speech Processing: Infants' Attention to Prosodic Cues to Segmentation. G. Butterworth, What is Special About Pointing in Babies? B. Hopkins, L. Rönnquist, Human Handedness: Developmental and Evolutionary Perspectives. Part IV: Perception and Cognition. G. Bremner, From Perception to Action: The Early Development of Knowledge. H. Bloch, Sensory-Motor Coordinations: Their Relation to Cognition. L
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دیگری در معماری هم بوده؛ مثل شهرک عمودی «اینترلِیس» که به خاطر معماری منحصربه فرد خود، عنوان «ساختمان سال جهان» را در فستیوال معماری جهان تصاحب کرد. این مجموعه از ۳۱ بلوک شش طبقه ی آپارتمانی تشکیل شده که در الگویی شش ضلعی آرایش یافته اند. هر بلوک آپارتمانی، هفتاد متر درازا دارد و بلوک ها در اطراف هشت حیاط بزرگ توزیع شده اند. به گفته ی معماران این طرح، اینترلیس، ره یافتی نوین برای زندگی در شرایط استوایی است که ترکیبی از فضاهای خصوصی و عمومی داخلی و خارجی را یک جا جمع کرده. گفته می شود این مجموعه جاه طلبانه ترین پروژه ی مسکونی تاریخ سنگاپور است.<|endoftext|>Il gorilla è una grande specie di scimmie che vive in tutta la regione centrale dell'Africa, dove preferiscono foreste montuose, foreste pluviali tropicali e foreste di bambù. Questa specie è divisa in due specie: il gorilla occidentale e il gorilla orientale. Il gorilla occidentale è ulteriormente suddiviso in pianura occidentale e sottospecie del fiume Cross, mentre il gorilla orientale è diviso in sottospecie di montagna e pianura orientale. In media, i gorilla crescono generalmente oltre i piedi 5 in altezza con maschi che pesano tra 300 e 453. Questo rende i gorilla il più grande primate del mondo. Le specie di gorilla orientale sono generalmente più grandi della loro controparte occidentale. I gorilla sono animali sociali che vivono in comunità tra 2 e più di 50, anche se la media è tra 5 e 10. Questo articolo esamina più da vicino lo stato di conservazione, le minacce e la popolazione globale del gorilla.
Stato di conservazione dei gorilla
Negli ultimi decenni, la popolazione di gorilla selvatica è in rapido declino. Alcune aree hanno perso oltre la metà della popolazione di gorilla tra 1983 e 2000. Tra 2005 e 2013, ad esempio, la popolazione occidentale di gorilla di pianura ha registrato un declino dell'18.75%. Il gorilla dei boschi orientali ha perso il 77% dei suoi numeri in una sola generazione, una tendenza che continua con una perdita di 5% ogni anno. Se l'attuale calo demografico continuerà, i gorilla dei boschi orientali dovrebbero subire una perdita complessiva di 93% da parte di 2054. Oggi tutte le sottospecie 4 di gorilla sono elencate come in grave pericolo nella Lista Rossa IUCN.
Minacce alla popolazione gorilla del mondo
Le maggiori minacce affrontate dai gorilla includono la distruzione dell'habitat, il bracconaggio e le malattie.
Ampi tratti di territorio tradizionalmente gorilla-abitato sono stati distrutti da un certo numero di industrie, tra cui l'agricoltura e la silvicoltura. Quando gli alberi vengono abbattuti per essere venduti come legname e per far spazio all'aumento dell'attività agricola, i gorilla vengono lasciati con aree più piccole e frammentate in cui sopravvivere. Oltre a ridurre le dimensioni del territorio, viene distrutto anche l'ecosistema necessario per far prosperare i gorilla.
Il bracconaggio illegale rappresenta un'altra significativa minaccia per i gorilla in natura. Nelle aree urbane, i residenti benestanti vedono mangiare carne di gorilla come un segno di prestigio, creando quindi una forte domanda di carne di gorilla. Molte specie di primati sono a rischio di bracconaggio, ma i cacciatori tendono a preferire i gorilla a causa delle loro grandi dimensioni, che forniscono molto più carne che può essere venduta sul mercato.
Oltre alle già citate minacce alla sicurezza dei gorilla, la malattia è anche dannosa per questa specie. I gorilla occidentali, ad esempio, hanno subito decessi significativi a causa del virus Ebola. Si ritiene che abbia causato una perdita di 33% in questa popolazione tra 1992 e 2007. In 1994, l'intera popolazione del Gabon, che era una volta la seconda più grande in un'area protetta, è stata persa a causa di questo virus. Inoltre, nel Parco Nazionale Odzala della Repubblica del Congo, il 95% dei suoi gorilla 600 è morto a causa dell'ebola.
Gorilla In The Wild
Le minacce ai gorilla hanno portato a cali significativi e, in alcuni casi, alla completa perdita di popolazioni in tutta l'Africa centrale. Oggi, i gorilla che abitano nelle pianure sono più numerosi di quelli che si trovano nelle regioni montane e montane. Dei gorilla di pianura, quelli a ovest hanno una popolazione più grande di quella a est.
Si ritiene che i gorilla di pianura occidentale abbiano una popolazione selvatica di circa 100,000. Questa specie può essere trovata in: Repubblica Democratica del Congo, Angola, Gabon, Camerun, Guinea Equatoriale, Repubblica del Congo e Repubblica Centrafricana. All'interno di questi paesi, tende ad abitare le paludi di pianura e le foreste montane, sia primarie che secondarie.
I gorilla di pianura orientale sono numerati approssimativamente a 4,000 in natura. Questa specie è endemica nella Repubblica Democratica del Congo, dove può essere trovata nelle foreste montane. A causa della sua natura endemica, il gorilla di pianura orientale è particolarmente sensibile alle minacce menzionate in precedenza. La maggior parte di questa popolazione vive in aree protette, tra cui: la Tayna Gorilla Reserve, il Kahuzi-Biega National Park e il Maiko National Park. Altre si possono trovare nella foresta di Usala e nelle montagne del Massiccio dell'Isombwe.
I gorilla di montagna hanno una delle più piccole popolazioni di sottospecie. Solo intorno a 880 vivono e si dividono in popolazioni 2 in tre paesi: Ruanda, Uganda e Repubblica Democratica del Congo. Una popolazione abita nel Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. La seconda popolazione vive nei parchi nazionali 3 all'interno delle montagne vulcaniche Virunga: Virunga nella Repubblica Democratica del Congo, Mgahinga in Uganda e Vulcani in Ruanda.
Il gorilla di Cross River ha la popolazione più piccola di tutte le sottospecie. Con solo tra 250 e 300 rimanenti, sono le specie di scimmie più rare al mondo. Si può trovare solo lungo il confine tra Nigeria e Camerun, dove abita le aree montuose delle foreste. I ricercatori ritengono che questa popolazione esista nelle comunità 11 all'interno di un territorio di 4,600 di chilometri quadrati. Il governo del Camerun ha istituito il Kagwene Gorilla Sanctuary ad aprile di 2008. Copre un'area di miglia quadrate 7.5, situata nella regione occidentale del paese. Circa la metà di questo santuario consiste degli habitat montuosi della foresta necessari per la sopravvivenza di questa specie.
Gorilla in cattività
Molti gorilla sono tenuti in cattività in tutto il mondo, principalmente negli zoo. Della sottospecie di gorilla 4, si crede che attualmente si tengano attualmente 2 negli zoo: pianura occidentale e pianura orientale. Approssimativamente i gorilla di pianura occidentale 4,000 e solo i gorilla di pianura orientale 24 vivono nei giardini zoologici. I gorilla di pianura orientali in cattività si trovano principalmente nei giardini zoologici nel suo habitat naturale. L'eccezione a questo è lo zoo di Anversa, che si trova ad Anversa, in Belgio.
Un piccolo numero di gorilla è stato confiscato dai bracconieri e dai commercianti illegali. Una volta trovati, sono stati messi in cattività in vari centri di riabilitazione. I gorilla di pianura orientale sono attualmente tenuti presso il centro di educazione alla riabilitazione e conservazione di Gorilla presso la riserva naturale di Tayna, nella Repubblica Democratica del Congo. Gli unici gorilla di montagna noti per essere in cattività sono tenuti presso il Centro Senkwekwe del Parco Nazionale Virunga, nella regione orientale della Repubblica Democratica del Congo.<|endoftext|>A porous silicon membrane that is a few nanometers thick can quickly filter liquids and separate molecules that are very close in size, researchers at the University of Rochester report in this week’s Nature. The new membrane could lead to efficient protein purification for use in research and drug discovery. It could also act roughly 10 times faster than current membranes used for blood dialysis, the artificial purification of blood. In addition, the membrane could be employed as a filter to separate molecules in microfluidics devices used to study DNA and proteins and as a substrate for growing neurological stem cells.
The polymer-based membranes currently used for filtering proteins are typically many micrometers thick and have an elaborate pore structure much like a sponge. “[Filtration] takes longer because there’s much longer distance to go through, and the pores are convoluted,” says Philippe Fauchet, the electrical- and computer-engineering professor at the University of Rochester who led the research. “And a fair fraction of what needs to go through remains stuck forever in the membrane.” Researchers end up losing the smaller protein molecules that are lodged inside, says James McGrath, a biomedical-engineering professor at Rochester and coauthor of the Nature paper.
The new membrane is 15 nanometers thick, so it filters faster without trapping the molecules that pass through it, which is important if researchers want to retain both the larger and smaller proteins. “Once a molecule gets to the membrane, it takes one step, and it’s on the back side,” McGrath says.
To make the membranes, the researchers employ tools that are used to create integrated circuit chips. This should make the filters easy to integrate into silicon-based microfluidic devices that are used for protein research, where they would be useful if scientists wanted to separate a particular protein of interest from a biological fluid sample. The researchers made the membranes by first depositing a stack of three thin layers–an amorphous silicon layer sandwiched between two silicon-dioxide layers–on a silicon wafer. Exposing the wafer to temperatures higher than 700 ºC crystallizes the amorphous silicon, and it forms pores. Then the researchers etch the wafer and silicon-dioxide layers to expose small squares of the nanoporous membrane that are 200 micrometers on each side. The temperature controls the pore diameter, allowing the researchers to fine-tune the membranes: at 715 ºC the membrane has an average pore size of 7 nanometers, while at 729 ºC the average is about 14 nanometers.
McGrath says that the membrane would make a good substrate to culture neurological stem cells. Certain “helper” cells nurture stem cells and coax them into turning into neurons. To get a pure culture of the neurons, researchers are looking for ways to physically separate the helper cells from the stem cells while allowing them to exchange chemicals. “[With the new membrane,] the distance they’ll be separated by will roughly be the same size as their own plasma membrane,” McGrath says. “The pores will allow a signaling molecule to diffuse very quickly.”
The researchers believe that because of a narrower range of pore diameters, the silicon membranes could separate proteins that are much closer in size than is possible with current sponge-like filters. There are thousands of different proteins serving crucial functions in the human body, and separating an individual protein is key to understanding its structure and function. Fauchet says that by engineering a narrower range of pore diameters, the researchers could get 100 percent separation of proteins–even those that are close in size.
In laboratory tests, one-nanometer-wide dye molecules in a solution pass through the nanoporous membrane 10 times faster than through a commercial blood-dialysis membrane. The researchers plan to make the membrane stronger–it can sustain pressures of 15 pounds per square inch–so that they can push more molecules through, potentially improving dialysis speed by a factor of 100 over commercial membranes.
Some experts, however, feel that it is too early to say whether the membrane will be useful for large-scale applications such as protein purification and blood dialysis. The drawback of the ultrathin membrane is that it is difficult to make large-area membranes using the technique, says Andrew Zydney, a chemical-engineering professor at Penn State University. Current protein-purification systems in the biotechnology industry effectively use 100 square meters of membrane, he says. Even if the new membrane filters 10 times faster, which means it can filter the same amount of fluid with a 10-times-smaller area, “you’re still talking about 10 square meters of silicon membranes,” Zydney says. “I’m not convinced that that can be done in a cost-effective way.”
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Discover special offers, top stories, upcoming events, and more.<|endoftext|>缺钙会引起髋关节滑出(缺钙易致髋关节滑脱，小心保护！)
缺钙会引起髋关节滑出
髋关节是人体的一个重要关节点，支撑着人体的整体重量，是人体躯干与下肢连接的关键部位。但是，如果缺乏钙质，髋关节就可能出现问题，导致髋关节滑出，引起严重的伤害和不适。
缺钙易致髋关节滑脱的原因
缺钙是造成髋关节滑出的主要原因之一。钙是维持人体骨骼健康的必要元素，它能够增强骨骼的密度和强度，使其更加坚固。而缺乏钙的人骨骼容易变得松软、脆弱，特别是髋关节处，容易发生滑脱，减轻、骨等的发生。
此外，长期坐姿不动、生活习惯不良、过度运动以及体重过重等因素都会增加髋关节滑脱的风险。如果我们还存在缺钙的情况，那么髋关节就更容易发生滑脱，给身体带来更大的伤害。
缺钙易致髋关节滑脱的症状
髋关节滑出通常会引起、和感，甚至导致脚的无力感。通常感受到臀部、膝盖或大腿，尤其是在活动时会变得更加明显。如果髋关节出现滑脱，通常会出现以下症状：
突然而严重的髋部或臀部
和
不能支撑体重
无法移动受伤的腿
听到奇怪的咔嚓声或弹跳声
如果出现这些症状，您应该尽快就医，以便能及时，缩短程，降低后遗症和复发的概率。
如何髋关节滑脱
了解了缺钙会引起髋关节滑出的危害，我们应该如何呢？
首先，保持充足的钙和维生素D供给可以帮助骨骼健康。这包括增加日常钙的摄入量，并获得足够的日光照射来合成维生素D。
其次，鉴于长期静坐和不良的生活习惯会增加髋关节滑脱的风险，始终保持适度的锻炼不可或缺。适度的锻炼不仅可以增强身体的适应性，还可以增强骨骼的稳定性和坚韧性。特别要注意不要在运动中大量输送重量，以免骨质受损。
后要注意体重的控制，过度的体重很容易增加髋关节的压力，加重骨骼的负担，导致滑脱等问题。健康的饮食和适量的运动可以帮助我们保持适当的体重，也是减少髋关节滑脱的重要措施。
结语
缺钙会引起髋关节滑出，对身体造成极大的影响，因此我们应该注重日常的工作，尤其是在年龄增长或体重增加时。及时注意身体的信号，保持骨骼的强壮，实施正确的运动方式，可以髋关节滑脱的发生，让我们的身体更健康！<|endoftext|>These success attributes are:
- Goal setting
- The presence and use of effective support systems
- Emotional coping strategies.
These success attributes can lead to successful life outcomes for everyone, not just those with learning disabilities.
By crafting our life story as a Hero’s Journey, we can intergrate these six success attributes into our lives so that we can live our lives at full potential and satisfaction.
Crafting our life story enhances our self-awareness as we will be better able to recognize the strengths, weaknesses, passion, and special talents of the lead actor in our own life story - that is us!
Writing our own life story is a thoroughly proactive endeavour! We are literally taking our destiny into our own pen (I mean hands), and setting the purpose and desired outcomes in our lives. By writing our own story we are taking total responsibility for our own decisions, actions and results. What can be a greater act of self advocacy and initiative than writing and living our own life story?
Writing our own story builds our perseverance as story writers know that “Facing the Ordeal” is a necessary part of the hero’s journey to the “ultimate boon”. Story writers know that difficult situations are valuable opportunities for learning and growing. They know that The Ordeal only makes them stronger and wiser but only as long as they are not overwhelmed by adversity, back away from challenges, or give up.
Writing our own life story is a fun way
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叛卖的遗嘱》（1993）在世界各地流传甚广。
昆德拉善于以反讽手法，用幽默的语调描绘人类境况。他的作品表面轻松，实质沉重；表面随意，实质精致；表面通俗，实质深邃而又机智，充满了人生智慧。正因如此，在世界许多国家，一次又一次地掀起了“昆德拉热”。
昆德拉原先一直用捷克语进行创作。但近年来，他开始尝试用法语写作，已出版了《缓慢》（1995）和《身份》（1997）两部小说。
读第二遍，好看
好笑
:
I514.45/6725-8
我真的不知道他的小说好在哪里，但是每卷书都能让我长久的陷入悲哀
精妙。“在慢与记忆，快与遗忘之间，有一条秘密联系。”“我还要瞧一瞧我的骑士，他慢慢走向马车。我要玩味他走路的节奏；他愈往前步子愈慢。这种慢，我相信是一种幸福的标志。”
没看懂。但伊玛居拉塔和情人那个部分写的太妙了。
“因为未来是害怕的根源，谁不顾未来，谁就天不怕地不怕”因为米兰昆德拉在高中的优秀作文里出现太多次导致我有种本能的抗拒 结果有点出乎意料的喜欢 以后可以考虑啃那几本大部头了
越快越像荒诞的舞台剧，毫无艺术性和私密性，每个人都是舞蹈家，生活在舞台上，说的话是给在场不在场的人听的，做的是给周围人看的。比较好玩的一点是，在其中看到了自己。感情这种事啊，这么多年来在不同人身上轮番上演，哪有什么新鲜之处，跳出来才意识到自己也是苍茫人海中别无二致的啊。
慢和快的对比，正经和不正经的对比，舞蹈和舞蹈家的对比，隐私和公开的对比，现在这样的时代，再读米兰昆德拉的这本小书，还是让我们产生一些沉思的！一本正经的表演，还是伊壁鸠鲁的节制平凡的乐趣…
喜欢，也希望自己真实一些，更接纳自己，更接近真实的自己
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失足少年李二狗
(文不能测字，武不能防身)
2012-05-01 12:33
9人喜欢
被选中的想法，比如说，在一切爱情关系中都是存在的。因为爱情从定义上来说，是一件无功受禄的礼物；无名分而得到爱，这才说明是一种真正的爱。假如一个女人对我说：我爱你，因为你聪明，因为你诚实，因为你给我买礼物，因为你不勾引女人，因为你洗碗，我会很失望；这种爱好像有什么功利目的。我爱得你发疯，虽然你不聪明，不诚实，虽然你撒谎，自私，混蛋一个，要是说这样的话就动听多了。
Ying
2012-03-14 00:07
6人喜欢
嗜书瘾君子他爸
(青春太美好了，怎么度过都是虚度)
2012-04-07 11:35
4人喜欢
当我说起T夫人的夜晚时，我提起了存在主义数学教科书前几章中的一个著名方程式：快的程度与遗忘的强度直接成正比。从这个方程式可以演绎出各种各样的推理，比如说这个结果：我们的时代迷上了速度魔鬼，由于这个原因，这个时代也就很容易被忘怀。我宁可把这个论断颠倒过来说：我们的时代被以往的欲望纠缠着；为了满足这个欲望，它迷上了速度魔鬼；它加快步伐，因为要我们明白它不再希望让大家回忆；它对自己也厌烦了；它要一口吹灭记忆微弱的火苗。
少轂
(不獵不漁，不採蘑菇。)
2012-08-20 20:06
4人喜欢
速度是出神的形式，这是技术革命送给人的礼物。跑步的人跟摩托车手相反，身上总有自己存在，他感到自己的体重、年纪，就比任何时候都意识到自身和岁月。当人把速度性能托付给一台机器时，一切都变了：从这时候起，身体已置之度外，交给了一种无形的、非物质化的速度，纯粹的速度，实实在在的速度，令人出神的速度。
无念
2011-09-21 10:02
爆仔
2011-10-16 13:03
3人喜欢
Z.。
(要我快乐)
2012-03-16 11:54
1 他辱駡她是因為他是弱者 他只能用粗魯和說些唑唑逼人的話來代替力量
2 正經迫使我裝得對自己好像很有信心 這就必然使我陷入可笑的境地
3 在我們的世界里 悠閒蛻化成無所事事
4 因為未來是害怕的根源 誰不顧未來 誰就天不怕地不怕
5 什麽是全世界？一個沒有面目的無限 ！ 一種抽象
6 交談不是填滿時間 相反是組織時間 操縱時間 制定必須尊重的規則
7 被選中的想法 比如說 在一切愛情關係中都是存在的 因為愛情從定義上來說 是一件無功受祿的禮物 無名份而得到愛 這才說明是一種真正的愛
8 刺不是那麼容易剔除的 痛苦可以控制 可以壓抑 裝得若無其事 但是這種掩飾是一種力量
2012-04-07 10:04
1人喜欢
怎么说呢？可能是这样：伏在摩托车龙头上的人，心思只能集中在当前飞驰的那一秒钟；他抓住的是跟过去与未来都断开的瞬间，脱离时间的连续性；他置身于时间之外；换句话说，他处在出神状态；人进入这种状态就忘了年纪，忘了老婆，忘了孩子，忘了忧愁，因此什么都不害怕；因为未来是害怕的根源，谁不顾未来，谁就天不怕地不怕。
速度是出神的形式，这是技术革命送给人的礼物。跑步的人跟摩托车手相反，身上总有自己存在，总是不得不想到脚下水泡和喘气；当他跑步时，他感到自己的体重、年纪，就比任何时候都意识到自身与岁月。当人把速度性能托付给一台机器时，一切都变了：从这时候起，身体已置之度外，交给了一种无形的、非物质化的速度，纯粹的速度，实实在在的速度，令人出神的速度。
乐儿AnaAxi
2017-05-08 09:35
明日不再来。
听众不再有。
朋友，我请你做个幸福的人。我有个隐约的印象，我们唯一的希望取决于你有否能力做个幸福的人。
2017-05-08 09:33
从这个方程式可以演绎出各种各样的推理，比如说这个结果：我们的时代迷上了速度魔鬼，由于这个原因，这个时代也就很容易被忘怀。
2017-05-06 18:10
捷克学者懵了：他的同行才两分钟前向他表示的敬意都到哪儿去了？他们笑！他们居然会笑，这怎么可能呢？人怎么会那么容易从敬重转到轻视呢？（是的，亲爱的，是这样。）同情难道那么脆弱，那么不可靠吗？（当然，亲爱的，当然这样。）
这段太搞笑了太搞笑了！也很有理。
2017-05-04 22:51
“光荣把他的自由都吞噬了，现在他知道：麻木不仁的人才会心甘情愿让名气压得抬不起头。”
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feed: rss 2.0<|endoftext|>小技巧：夹睫毛的时候可先用吹风机把睫毛夹加热后再夹睫毛会更翘更持久，还有一种方法是把木制棉棒用打火机来烤一下木棒部分，在睫毛下向上撑起停留一会，就会有类似于电睫毛的效果。
2.特指艺术化妆。指在戏剧、电影等表演艺术或娱乐场合中，塑造剧中人物外部形象的手段，如涂油彩、施脂粉、勾脸谱、变换服装、戴假面具等等。 田汉 《名优之死》第一幕：“ 刘振声就坐，吸烟后，徐徐洗面化妆。” 徐迟 《牡丹》：“这化妆的过程，本是她创造角色的准备过程，剧中人开始从这化妆中出现。”如：化妆舞会。参见“ 化装 ”。
元代之后，宫廷女子的画眉之黛，全部选用京西门头沟区斋堂特产的眉石，至明清也如此。
毕竟化妆也不是什么很难的学问，自学英语，自学平面设计都比自学化妆难得多。<|endoftext|>For millennia, men and women have studied birds, bats, and beetles, observing and experimenting, attempting to determine what humans must do to fly by flapping.
But people can’t fly by flapping: not with wings covering their arms; not with pedaled, chain-driven wings; and, so far, not with internal-combustion engines, either. Nonetheless, the concept of manned ornithopters continues to hover on the periphery of aeronautical engineering. This project shows you how to build a small, rubber band-powered ornithopter we call Orly.
There are many types of ornithopter designs. Orly is a simple monoplane, meaning there is a single wing mounted above the motor-stick, and its motion is similar to a bird in flight.
How do ornithopters fly? According to Nathan Chronister of the online Ornithopter Zone, “The ornithopter wing is attached to the body at a slight angle, which is called the angle of attack. The downward stroke of the wing deflects air down- ward and backward, generating lift and thrust.
“Also, the wing surface is flexible. This causes the wing to flex to the correct angle of attack we need in order to produce the forces that we want to achieve flight.”
The mechanics of flapping flight are far more complicated than that of fixed-wing flight. For an aircraft with fixed wings, only forward motion is necessary to induce aerodynamic lift. But for flapping flight, the wing not only has to have a forward motion, but also must travel up and down. This additional dimension means the wing constantly changes shape during flight.
Without doubt, even the earliest humans watched birds fly past and felt, well, rather envious. Thus when Thag, a Pleistocene caveman, looked up and saw flocks of ducks and geese soaring above, he might have gathered together a few palm fronds, lashed them around his arms with a vine, and leapt off a tree. Poor Thag never got airborne, or at least he didn’t live to record the episode in petroglyphs on his cave wall.
Later, from ancient Greece, comes the legend of Daedalus and Icarus. Daedalus was a skilled engineer who angered King Minos. Minos ordered him imprisoned in a tower.
According to Bulfinch’s Mythology, “Daedalus contrived to make his escape from his prison, but could not leave the island by sea, as the king kept strict watch on all the vessels.
“So he set to work to fabricate wings for himself and his young son Icarus. He wrought feathers together, beginning with the smallest and adding larger, so as to form an increasing surface. The larger ones he secured with thread and the smaller with wax, and gave the whole a gentle curvature like the wings of a bird.”
Unfortunately for Daedalus, the attempt at flight didn’t entirely work. His son, Icarus, flew too near the sun, melting the wax that held the wings together. Icarus fell out of the sky and drowned in the ocean.
To a large extent, that’s been the typical outcome of human flapping flight experiments, right up to modern times.
The New York Times has run many stories over the years:
Around 1490, Leonardo da Vinci was carefully studying the mechanics of avian flight. From his bird-watching came perhaps the first blueprint for a human-carrying ornithopter. More of a theoretician than a true maker, Leonardo never got his flying machine off the paper in his notebooks. Had it been built, it likely would not have flown. Still, experts say his design is clever, and embodies modern aerodynamic principles developed hundreds of years later.
Interest in flapping flight took off again in the 1870s. Building model ornithopters became fashionable in Europe, and a number of enthusiasts — among them Alphonse Penaud, Hureau de Villeneuve, and Gustave Trouvé — built internally powered birds that soared over the fields of France and Flanders. Soon, ornithopters powered by rubber bands, gasoline, electricity, and even gunpowder were flapping away, but as scale models, not people-carrying aircraft.
Since then, many people have tried to build a manned ornithopter, but none have yet succeeded. There are unconfirmed reports that the Germans made one during World War II and that the Soviets flew one during the Cold War, but solid evidence is lacking. Today the University of Toronto is making a game attempt.
Why bother with ornithopters at all? Because flappers can do things other aircraft cannot. They probably have the best maneuverability of any aircraft. Unlike fixed-wing drones, ornithopters, at least in theory, can stop and hover like a humming- bird, which makes them extremely versatile, and they need less space to maneuver than a helicopter. Couple all that with their ability to fly at very slow speeds, and ornithopters may be the perfect surveillance vehicles. The military applications for unmanned ornithopters are numerous.
Ornithopters have practical applications in civilian life, as well. For instance, the Colorado Division of Wildlife uses an ornithopter to research a hard-to-capture endangered species called the Gunnison sage grouse. This skittish bird flies away at the first sign of danger but will stay on the ground if it sees a hawk flying above. So state biologists use a motorized, radio-controlled ornithopter painted like a hawk to keep the flighty grouse on the ground long enough for them to capture it.<|endoftext|>Santa Monica Mountains recover from disaster.
By Keldine Hull
With over 150,000 acres of hiking trails, beaches and canyons, the sprawling terrain of the Santa Monica Mountains has always been an integral part of California’s diverse landscape. Last year’s devastating Woolsey fire scorched nearly half of the total land in the Santa Monica Mountains, threatening the natural habitat for over 500 species, including the notable mountain lions.
“We were tracking 13 mountain lions when the fire broke out. Of those, we believe that one, P-74, perished in the fire. Another male, P-64, died a few weeks after the fire. We are awaiting an official cause of death from a necropsy being performed by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, but he did have burned paws,” said a spokesperson for the National Park Service (NPS).
Just over three months after the onset of the Wooley fire, how mountain lions have adjusted to their affected habitat is still unknown.
“With regards to how they adapt, we don’t yet know the answer to that question. What we’ve seen so far is that mountain lions, whose home ranges are within the burned areas, are still using those areas, but may be spending less time there and traveling through it. The exception to this is P-65, a young female whose home range has continued to be entirely within the burn area. It’s likely that she is finding unburned spots within the burn perimeter and finding deer to prey on,” the spokesperson said.
Migration for mountain lions and other wildlife to other regions is extremely difficult, due mostly to ocean and freeways that surround the Santa Monica Mountains.
As destructive as the Woolsey fire was, other factors still pose a bigger threat to the welfare and safety of mountain lions.
“The biggest threat to the well-being of mountain lions in this area continues to be habitat fragmentation due to roads and development. After a major fire that burned so much of the Santa Monica Mountains, the need for habitat connectivity is even greater,” the spokesperson said.
The devastating impact of the Woolsey fire highlights the importance of continued research on the long-term effects of natural disasters on wildlife
“I think research is critical to understanding how a fire of this scale affects mountain lions and other wildlife. On a broader scale, supporting efforts that improve habitat connectivity are critical to ensuring the long-term survival of mountain lions in the Santa Monica Mountains. The best example of this is the effort to construct a wildlife crossing over the 101 Freeway in Agoura Hills. This effort would connect the Santa Monica Mountains to the larger habitat areas to the north,” the spokesperson said.
Organizations like NPS play a significant role in safeguarding the Santa Monica Mountains and the wildlife that dwells there.
“Our job is to preserve and protect the flora and fauna in the Santa Monica Mountains. We want to preserve the wildness of the Santa Monica Mountains, and we think mountain lions are a very important part of that,”
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, che domani sera affronteranno il Napoli al Castellani. Ognuno dei tre salterebbe la gara in programma mercoledì 6 maggio contro il Torino.<|endoftext|>Otelul Galati" ile ilgili 7 adet etiketli haber bulunmuştur.
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Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, especially among male adolescents and young adults ages 15 to 24, and among elderly people of both sexes 75 years and older. Children aged 5 and younger are also at high risk for TBI.
TBI costs the country more than $48 billion a year, and between 2.5 and 6.5 million Americans alive today have had a TBI. Survivors of TBI are often left with significant cognitive, behavioral, and communicative disabilities, and some patients develop long-term medical complications, such as epilepsy.
Other statistics dramatically tell the story of head injury in the United States. Each year:
- approximately 270,000 people experience a moderate or severe TBI,
- approximately 70,000 people die from head injury,
- approximately 1 million head-injured people are treated in hospital emergency rooms,
- approximately 60,000 new cases of epilepsy occur as a result of head trauma,
- approximately 230,000 people are hospitalized for TBI and survive, and
- approximately 80,000 of these survivors live with significant disabilities as a result of the injury.
What is a Traumatic Brain Injury?
TBI, also called acquired brain injury or simply head injury, occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. The damage can be focal - confined to one area of the brain - or diffuse - involving more than one area of the brain. TBI can result from a closed head injury* or a penetrating head injury. A closed injury occurs when the head suddenly and violently hits an object but the object does not break through the skull. A penetrating injury occurs when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue.
*National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement, October 26-28, 1998. Rehabilitation of Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury. Bethesda, MD, September 1999.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of a TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the extent of the damage to the brain. Some symptoms are evident immediately, while others do not surface until several days or weeks after the injury. A person with a mild TBI may remain conscious or may experience a loss of consciousness for a few seconds or minutes. The person may also feel dazed or not like himself for several days or weeks after the initial injury. Other symptoms of mild TBI include headache, confusion, lightheadedness, dizziness, blurred vision or tired eyes, ringing in the ears, bad taste in the mouth, fatigue or lethargy, a change in sleep patterns, behavioral or mood changes, and trouble with memory, concentration, attention, or thinking.
A person with a moderate or severe TBI may show these same symptoms, but may also have a headache that gets worse or does not go away, repeated vomiting or nausea, convulsions or seizures, inability to awaken from sleep, dilation of one or both pupils of the eyes, slurred speech, weakness or numbness in the extremities, loss of coordination, and/or increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation. Small children with moderate to severe TBI may show some of these signs as well as signs specific to young children, such as persistent crying, inability to be consoled, and/or refusal to nurse or eat. Anyone with signs of moderate or severe TBI should receive medical attention as soon as possible.
Causes and Risk Factors
Half of all TBIs are due to transportation accidents involving automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians. These accidents are the major cause of TBI in people under age 75. For those 75 and older, falls cause the majority of TBIs. Approximately 20 percent of TBIs are due to violence, such as firearm assaults and child abuse, and about 3 percent are due to sports injuries. Fully half of TBI incidents involve alcohol use.
The cause of the TBI play a role in determining the patient's outcome. For example, approximately 91 percent of firearm TBIs (two-thirds of which may be suicidal in intent) result in death, while only 11 percent of TBIs from falls result in death.
Types of TBI
Concussion is the most minor and the most common type of TBI. Technically, a concussion is a short loss of consciousness in response to a head injury, but in common language the term has come to mean any minor injury to the head or brain.
Other injuries are more severe. As the first line of defense, the skull is particularly vulnerable to injury. Skull fractures occur when the bone of the skull cracks or breaks. A depressed skull fracture occurs when pieces of the broken skull press into the tissue of the brain. A penetrating skull fracture occurs when something pierces the skull, such as a bullet, leaving a distinct and localized injury to brain tissue.
Skull fractures can cause bruising of brain tissue called a contusion. A contusion is a distinct area of swollen brain tissue mixed with blood released from broken blood vessels. A contusion can also occur in response to shaking of the brain back and forth within the confines of the skull, an injury called contrecoup. This injury often occurs in car accidents after high-speed stops and in shaken baby syndrome, a severe form of head injury that occurs when a baby is shaken forcibly enough to cause the brain to bounce against the skull. In addition, contrecoup can cause diffuse axonal injury, also called shearing, which involves damage to individual nerve cells ( neurons ) and loss of connections among neurons. This can lead to a breakdown of overall communication among neurons in the brain.
Damage to a major blood vessel in the head can cause a hematoma, or heavy bleeding into or around the brain. Three types of hematomas can cause brain damage. An epidural hematoma involves bleeding into the area between the skull and the dura. With a subdural hematoma , bleeding is confined to the area between the dura and the arachnoid membrane . Bleeding within the brain itself is called intracerebral hematoma . Another insult to the brain that can cause injury is anoxia. Anoxia is a condition in which there is an absence of oxygen supply to an organ's tissues, even if there is adequate blood flow to the tissue.
Hypoxia refers to a decrease in oxygen supply rather than a complete absence of oxygen. Without oxygen, the cells of the brain die within several minutes. This type of injury is often seen in near-drowning victims, in heart attack patients, or in people who suffer significant blood loss from other injuries that decrease blood flow to the brain.
Medical care usually begins when paramedics or emergency medical technicians arrive on the scene of an accident or when a TBI patient arrives at the emergency department of a hospital.
As soon as medical personnel have stabilized the head injured patient, they assess the patient's condition by measuring vital signs and reflexes and by performing a neurological examination. They check the patient's temperature, blood pressure, pulse, breathing rate, and pupil size in response to light. They assess the patient's level of consciousness and neurological functioning using the Glasgow Coma Scale, a standardized, 15-point test that uses three measures - eye opening, best verbal response, and best motor response - to determine the severity of the patient's brain injury.
Glasgow Coma Scale
The eye opening part of the Glasgow Coma Scale has four scores:
- 4 indicates that the patient can open his eyes spontaneously.
- 3 is given if the patient can open his eyes on verbal command.
- 2 indicates that the patient opens his eyes only in response to painful stimuli.
- 1 is given if the patient does not open his eyes in response to any stimulus.
The best verbal response part of the test has five scores:
- 5 is given if the patient is oriented and can speak coherently.
- 4 indicates that the patient is disoriented but can speak coherently.
- 3 means the patient uses inappropriate words or incoherent language.
- 2 is given if the patient makes incomprehensible sounds.
- 1 indicates that the patient gives no verbal response at all.
The best motor response test has six scores:
- 6 means the patient can move his arms and legs in response to verbal commands.
- A score between 5 and 2 is given if the patient shows movement in response to a variety of stimuli, including pain.
- 1 indicates that the patient shows no movement in response to stimuli.
The results of the three tests are added up to determine the patient's overall condition. A total score of 3 to 8 indicates a severe head injury, 9 to 12 indicates a moderate head injury, and 13 to 15 indicates a mild head injury.
Imaging tests help in determining the diagnosis and prognosis of a TBI patient. Patients with mild to moderate injuries may receive skull and neck X-rays to check for bone fractures or spinal instability. The patient should remain immobilized in a neck and back restraint until medical personnel are certain that there is no risk of spinal cord injury. For moderate to severe cases, the gold standard imaging test is a computed tomography (CT) scan. The CT scan creates a series of crosssectional X-ray images of the head and brain and can show bone fractures as well as the presence of hemorrhage, hematomas, contusions, brain tissue swelling, and tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used after the initial assessment and treatment of the TBI patient. MRI uses magnetic fields to detect subtle changes in brain tissue content and can show more detail than X-rays or CT. Unfortunately, MRI is not ideal for routine emergency imaging of TBI patients because it is time-consuming and is not available in all hospitals.
Approximately half of severely head-injured patients will need surgery to remove or repair hematomas or contusions. Patients may also need surgery to treat injuries in other parts of the body. These patients usually go to the intensive care unit after surgery.
Sometimes when the brain is injured swelling occurs and fluids accumulate within the brain space. It is normal for bodily injuries to cause swelling and disruptions in fluid balance. But when an injury occurs inside the skull-encased brain, there is no place for swollen tissues to expand and no adjoining tissues to absorb excess fluid. This increased pressure is called intracranial pressure (ICP) .
Medical personnel measure patients. ICP using a probe or catheter. The instrument is inserted through the skull to the subarachnoid level and is connected to a monitor that registers the patient's ICP. If a patient has high ICP, he or she may undergo a ventriculostomy , a procedure that drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain to bring the pressure down. Drugs that can be used to decrease ICP include mannitol or barbiturates, although the safety and effectiveness of the latter are unknown.
How Does a TBI Affect Consciousness?
A TBI can cause problems with arousal, consciousness, awareness, alertness, and responsiveness. Generally, there are five abnormal states of consciousness that can result from a TBI: stupor, coma, persistent vegetative state, locked-in syndrome, and brain death.
Stupor is a state in which the patient is unresponsive but can be aroused briefly by a strong stimulus, such as sharp pain.
Coma is a state in which the patient is totally unconscious, unresponsive, unaware, and unarousable. Patients in a coma do not respond to external stimuli, such as pain or light, and do not have sleep-wake cycles. Coma results from widespread and diffuse trauma to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres of the upper brain and the lower brain or brainstem. Coma generally is of short duration, lasting a few days to a few weeks. After this time, some patients gradually come out of the coma, some progress to a vegetative state, and others die.
Patients in a vegetative state are unconscious and unaware of their surroundings, but they continue to have a sleep-wake cycle and can have periods of alertness. Unlike coma, where the patients eyes are closed, patients in a vegetative state often open their eyes and may move, groan, or show reflex responses. A vegetative state can result from diffuse injury to the cerebral hemispheres of the brain without damage to the lower brain and brainstem. Anoxia, or lack of oxygen to the brain, which is a common complication of cardiac arrest, can also bring about a vegetative state.
Many patients emerge from a vegetative state within a few weeks, but those who do not recover within 30 days are said to be in a persistent vegetative state (PVS). The chances of recovery depend on the extent of injury to the brain and the patient's age, with younger patients having a better chance of recovery than older patients. Generally adults have a 50 percent chance and children a 60 percent chance of recovering consciousness from a PVS within the first 6 months. After a year, the chances that a PVS patient will regain consciousness are very low and most patients who do recover consciousness experience significant disability. The longer a patient is in a PVS, the more severe the resulting disabilities will be. Rehabilitation can contribute to recovery, but many patients never progress to the point of being able to take care of themselves.
Locked-in syndrome is a condition in which a patient is aware and awake, but cannot move or communicate due to complete paralysis of the body.
Unlike PVS, in which the upper portions of the brain are damaged and the lower portions are spared, locked-in syndrome is caused by damage to specific portions of the lower brain and brainstem with no damage to the upper brain. Most locked-in syndrome patients can communicate through movements and blinking of their eyes, which are not affected by the paralysis. Some patients may have the ability to move certain facial muscles as well. The majority of locked-in syndrome patients do not regain motor control, but several devices are available to help patients communicate.
Sometimes, health complications occur in the period immediately following a TBI. These complications are not types of TBI, but are distinct medical problems that arise as a result of the injury. Although complications are rare, the risk increases with the severity of the trauma. Complications of TBI include immediate seizures, hydrocephalus or post-traumatic ventricular enlargement, CSF leaks, infections, vascular injuries, cranial nerve injuries, pain, bed sores, multiple organ system failure in unconscious patients, and polytrauma (trauma to other parts of the body in addition to the brain).
About 25 percent of patients with brain contusions or hematomas and about 50 percent of patients with penetrating head injuries will develop immediate seizures, seizures that occur within the first 24 hours of the injury. These immediate seizures increase the risk of early seizure - defined as seizures occurring within 1 week after injury - but do not seem to be linked to the development of post-traumatic epilepsy (recurrent seizures occurring more than 1 week after the initial trauma). Generally, medical professionals use anticonvulsant medications to treat seizures in TBI patients only if the seizures persist.
Hydrocephalus or post-traumatic ventricular enlargement occurs when CSF accumulates in the brain resulting in dilation of the cerebral ventricles (cavities in the brain filled with CSF) and an increase in ICP. This condition can develop during the acute stage of TBI or may not appear until later. Generally it occurs within the first year of the injury and is characterized by worsening neurological outcome, impaired consciousness, behavioral changes, ataxia (lack of coordination or balance), incontinence, or signs of elevated ICP. The condition may develop as a result of meningitis , subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial hematoma, or other injuries. Treatment includes shunting and draining of CSF as well as any other appropriate treatment for the root cause of the condition.
Skull fractures can tear the membranes that cover the brain, leading to CSF leaks. A tear between the dura and the arachnoid membranes, called a CSF fistula, can cause CSF to leak out of the subarachnoid space into the subdural space; this is called a subdural hygroma. CSF can also leak from the nose and the ear. These tears that let CSF out of the brain cavity can also allow air and bacteria into the cavity, possibly causing infections such as meningitis.
Pneumocephalus occurs when air enters the intracranial cavity and becomes trapped in the subarachnoid space.
Infections within the intracranial cavity are a dangerous complication of TBI. They may occur outside of the dura, below the dura, below the arachnoid (meningitis), or within the space of the brain itself (abscess). Most of these injuries develop within a few weeks of the initial trauma and result from skull fractures or penetrating injuries. Standard treatment involves antibiotics and sometimes surgery to remove the infected tissue. Meningitis may be especially dangerous, with the potential to spread to the rest of the brain and nervous system.
Skull fractures, especially at the base of the skull, can cause cranial nerve injuries that result in compressive cranial neuropathies. All but three of the 12 cranial nerves project out from the brainstem to the head and face. The seventh cranial nerve, called the facial nerve, is the most commonly injured cranial nerve in TBI and damage to it can result in paralysis of facial muscles.
Pain is a common symptom of TBI and can
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و نقل متوجه نشده اند که کودکان به حمل و نقل ایمن نیاز دارند. " گفت نایجل.
علاوه بر این ، Kidmoto یک سرویس مبتنی بر رزرو است ، والدین تعطیلات خود را از قبل برنامه ریزی می کنند تا مطمئن شوند که برای حمل و نقل آنها و بچه های خود در فرودگاه ماشین دارند.
رانندگان Kidmoto صندلی های اتومبیل قابل تبدیل و از قبل مهار شده و نصب شده را برای نوزادان ، کودکان نوپا ، کودکان کوچک و بزرگ فراهم می کنند.
Kidmoto حمل و نقل را در 3 کلاس مختلف وسیله نقلیه - سدان ، مینی ون ، و SUV های بزرگ فراهم می کند. این وسایل نقلیه می توانند به 1 تا 4 صندلی ماشین مجهز شوند.
فرایند استخدام راننده Kidmoto باعث ایجاد یک محیط امن برای راننده و مسافران می شود. رانندگان تحت کنترل دقیق استخدام قرار می گیرند که شامل جستجوهای محلی و ملی جنایی ، تروریستی و مجرمان جنسی است.
نیگل گفت: "شما می توانید با رانندگان ما اطمینان داشته باشید."<|endoftext|>【海外网3月31日|战疫全时区】据美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学发布的实时统计数据显示，截至北京时间3月31日06时30分左右，美国共报告新冠肺炎确诊病例160020例，确诊数居全球首位，死亡病例2953例。与前一天6时30分数据相比，新增确诊病例20345例，死亡病例新增517例。
20日，巴拉圭新增新冠肺炎确诊病例5例，累计18例。但因此前有病例无法确定感染渠道，卫生部表示有很大可能病毒已经开始社区传播。巴拉圭总统在20日晚间宣布，此前的“社会隔离”将会延长到28日。3月28日到4月12日，将会进一步加大力度，执行全面“封城”的政策。
巴西卫生部已经将先前采购的4000万套包含医用外科口罩、手套和防护服的防护装备，以及16.6万瓶酒精消毒液分发到各州，供医护人员使用。卫生部长曼德塔表示已于当地时间3月31日再度预定3亿套个人防护装备，保障未来60天的抗疫需要。
美国总统特朗普在前一日的新闻发布会上表示，对新冠肺炎疫情的模型预测显示，美国两周内将迎来“死亡高峰”。美国政府首席传染病专家安东尼·福奇预测，美国确诊病例可能数以百万计，死亡人数可能多至20万。同时，特朗普宣布把联邦政府关于应对疫情的指导意见，即在全美范围内保持“社交疏离”的期限延长一个月至4月30日，以继续减缓病毒传播速度。截至当地时间3月31日16时，巴西全国共确诊新冠肺炎病例5717例，比前一日新增1138例，这是自巴西发生新冠肺炎疫情以来感染者增长最多的一天。大部分新增病例在圣保罗州，该州一天内新增822例确诊病例。全国累计死亡病例201例，死亡率为3.5%。
新冠病毒在巴西的传播速度正在加快，从2月26日确诊第1宗病例到3月21日确诊数达到1000例，用时25天，但仅在之后的10天内（3月21日至31日）就新确诊了将近4000例新冠肺炎病例。
巴拉圭新增确诊病例5例 累计18例 月底计划"封城"
全美范围内，疫情“震中”的纽约州累计确诊数已超6.6万，纽约州州长科莫当地时间30日表示，该州新冠肺炎确诊病例累计达66497例，累计死亡病例达1218例；目前有超过9500例确诊病例住院接受治疗，其中重症监护2352例。科莫一再警告，纽约新冠病毒的威胁有可能使该州医疗体系不堪重负。
△巴西新冠肺炎确诊病例增长趋势图
29日当天，巴拉圭总统阿布多宣布，为进一步防止疫情蔓延，从即日起延长于本月21日开始实施的全国社会隔离措施至4月21日。此前，巴拉圭政府曾宣布将投入总额约16亿美元用于疫情防控和社会救济。
经济部长盖得斯表示，3800万巴西民众将受益于国会已经批准的工资补贴计划，根据该计划巴西政府将在未来3个月内为受疫情影响的非正式工人提供每月600雷亚尔（约合人民币840元）的补贴。盖得斯指出，该笔费用的分发还需国会尽快批准宪法修正案。当地时间3月29日，巴拉圭卫生部宣布，该国单日新增新冠肺炎确诊病例5例，累计确诊64例，其中3例死亡。<|endoftext|>لیوان کاغذی، نوعی لیوان یکبار مصرف است که از کاغذ ساخته شده و اغلب با پلاستیک یا موم پوشانده شده است تا از نشت مایع داخل لیوان و یا خیس شدن کاغذ جلوگیری شود. اغلب از کاغذ بازیافتی ساخته می شود و در سرتاسر جهان مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد.
تاریخچه
اولین لیوان کاغذی
در امپراتوری چین به ثبت رسیده است، زمانی که کاغذ دو قرن قبل از میلاد مسیح اختراع شد. به این لیوان ها "چی پِی" گفته می شد و برای صرف چایی استفاده می شدند. آنها را در اندازه ها و رنگ ها متنوع می ساختند و با طرح های زینتی تزئین می کردند. شواهد کتبی از وجود لیوان
کاغذی، در شرح اموال خانواده "یو"، از شهر "هانگ ژو" به چشم می خورد.
لیوان های کاغذی مدرن در قرن بیستم توسعه پیدا کردند. در قرن بیستم بسیار رایج بود که در آب خوری های عمومی مثل آب خوری های مدارس یا بشکه های آب در قطارها، لیوان ها به صورت عمومی استفاده می شد. این استفاده مشترک، در سلامت عمومی مشکلاتی به وجود می آورد. یکی از بررسی های قابل توجه در این زمینه، تحقیقاتی بود که "آلوین دیویسون"، استاد زیست شناسی در دانشگاه "لافایت"، در مدارس استون پنسیلوانیا انجام داده بود و با عنوان تاثر برانگیز "مرگ بر مدارس سایه افکنده" در مجله "تکنیکال وورلد" در آگوست 1908 به چاپ رسید. این مقاله بار دیگر در سال 1909 چاپ و در هیئت دولت بهداشت ماساچوست پخش شد.
به دلیل این نگرانی ها، و از آنجایی که محصولات کاغذی (به ویژه بعد از اختراع لیوان های "دیکسی" در سال 1908) ارزان و پاک و در دسترس بود، ممنوعیت عمومی در مورد استفاده از لیوان های مشترک تصویب شد. یکی از خطوط راه آهنی که از لیوان کاغذی یکبار مصرف استفاده کرد، خط "لاکاواما" بود که در سال 1909 استفاده از آنها را شروع کرد. تا سال 1917، تمامی لیوان های شیشه ای از خطوط راه آهن جمع آوری و با لیوان کاغذی جایگزین شدند، حتی در حوزه های قضایی نیز لیوان های شیشه ای ممنوع شدند.
لیوان های کاغذی در بیمارستان به دلایل بهداشتی به کار برده می شد. در سال 1942 کالج ایالتی ماساچوست در یک مطالعه دریافت که هزینه استفاده از لیوان های قابل شستشو و استفاده دوباره از آنها پس از ضدعفونی شدن، 1.6 برابر هزینه استفاده از لیوان های کاغذی بود. این مطالعات، و همچنین کاهش خطر ابتلا به شیوع عفونت ، منجر به استفاده از لیوان های کاغذی در بیمارستان شدند.<|endoftext|>In language there are certain linguistic elements that are more frequently or typically used in a parenthetical or detached way than other elements. In English, this is the case with the words that belong to the grammatical class of adverbs. As Ramat and Ricca observe, the functional property of the linguistic category of adverbs is that they “add information to other linguistic elements which can stand on their own, semantically as well as syntactically” [18, 187].
Biber et al. distinguish three main groups of adverbs, namely [12, 765]:
- a) circumstance adverbs (eagerly, here, now, slowly, then, weekly);
- b) stance adverbs (apparently, clearly, frankly, perhaps, technically, unfortunately);
- c) linking adverbs (additionally, besides, moreover, nevertheless).
As they note [12, 765], of the three groups, circumstance adverbs are the most common class in all four registers of the English corpus (conversation, fiction, news, and academic discourse) that they have studied. Circumstance adverbs, however, are those that are the most dependent and least flexible regarding their position in the sentence.
Conversely, stance and linking adverbs are detached, both syntactically and semantically, from the core propositional content. Stance adverbs provide a comment about the propositional content while linking adverbs signal the way in which the propositional content of the one utterance relates to that of utterances elsewhere in the text. Stance adverbs convey information about the propositional content of the sentence or about the speech act that is associated with the sentence, occupying the interpersonal level of meaning, which concerns speaker/hearer attitudes .
The adverbs that fall within the group of stance adverbs are often treated in the literature in connection with adverbs from the group of linking adverbs, under a number of labels and within a variety of frameworks. Depending on the interests of scholars, stance adverbs are treated next to linking adverbs, under the label of “sentence adverbs” or “sentence adverbials” or “sentence modifiers” .
Stance adverbials are primarily single adverbs (e.g., frankly, obviously), although they can also include prepositional phrases and noun phrases functioning as adverbials (e.g., in general, no doubt). Four semantic classes of stance adverbials are distinguished: attitudinal, non-factive, factive, likelihood. Complement clause constructions in English provide an especially rich source of stance expressions.
Stance adverbials can be split into three main categories, based on semantic and pragmatic criteria, namely: epistemic, attitude and style adverbials [11, 854].
Epistemic adverbials express the writer’s comment on some aspect of the truth-value of the proposition commenting on factors such as certainty, reality, sources, limitations, and precision of the proposition expressed by the relevant clause [11, 764]:
As a matter of fact, Claudia and her friend were given the name of this Black Madam on line by an on-line friend who highly recommended her [COCA, SPOK, 2011].
Undeniably, Rocky has been a mixed blessing for Stallone – a creation so powerful that it overshadows its creator [COCA, MAG, 2006].
TABLE 1. STANCE ADVERBIALS
figuratively, frankly, honestly, literally, seriously, truthfully
|quite frankly, quite honestly, quite simply||in a word, in brief, with all due respect||if I may say so, if you don’t mind my asking||more simply put, putting it bluntly, strictly speaking, technically speaking, to tell you the truth|
|ATTITUDE STANCE||Evaluation; judgement; assessment of expectations||amazingly, astonishingly, conveniently, curiously, disturbingly, fortunately, hopefully, inevitably, interestingly, ironically, predictably, quite rightly, regrettably, sadly, sensibly, surprisingly, unbelievably, unfortunately, wisely||even more importantly, rather surprisingly, even worse, oddly enough, rather surprisingly||to my surprise||as might be expected, as you might guess, as you would expect||most surprising of all, rather surprisingly|
|EPISTEMIC STANCE||Imprecision||about, approximately kind of, like, roughly, sort of||If you can call it that||So to speak|
|Viewpoint or perspective||from our perspective, in my opinion, in my view, in our view, in some cases, in the author’s view|
|Limitation||generally, mainly, typically||in general, in most cases, in most instances, on the whole|
|Source/ evidence||apparently, evidently, reportedly||According to…||As X motes|
|Actuality & reality||actually, really||for a fact, in actual fact, in fact||as a matter of fact|
|Doubt & certainty||certainly, definitely, maybe, obviously, of course, perhaps, probably, undeniably, undoubtedly||most likely, quite likely||for all I know, without doubt||No doubt||I think, I guess, I bet, I would say, it seems, it appears|
|SINGLE WORD ADVERB||ADV. P.||PREP. PHRASE||N. P.||FINITE CLAUSE||NON-FINITE CLAUSE|
Attitude adverbials express the writer’s opinion about the content of the clause:
As might be expected, these forms of violence reflect Lawrence’s own trajectory as a writer [COCA, ACAD, 2007].
Most surprising of all, researchers are accumulating evidence that the line between normal and abnormal personality is much more subtle than anyone imagined [COCA, MAG, 2005].
Predictably, one of the kids pushed the other off when they were about twenty feet up, and Edward instinctively reached over the rope to break his fall, but the safety field caught the kid in midshriek and bounced him up and down like a ball for a moment, just as he and his friends undoubtedly knew it would [COCA, FIC, 2011].
The use of simple adverbs as attitudinal adverbs is characteristics of English. Their value in writing is that they form a very compact and elegant way of expressing an opinion on what you are talking about, without pushing yourself into foreground.
Style adverbials form a rather special class. They express the writer’s view regarding the actual formulation of the sentence which follows. Style stance adverbs convey a speaker’s comment about the style or form of the utterance, often clarifying how the speaker is speaking or how the utterance should be understood [Biber, 764]:
With all due respect, even with all of the debate and all the names have been thrown around this week, I want people to be partisan and stand for their principles [COCA, SPOK, 2011].
Now how was I supposed to do that? Physically, it was impossible. Figuratively, it didn’t make any sense, since my mouth was essentially what made me valuable to BOFFO [COCA, FIC, 2010].
Strictly speaking, it is a digital way to test designs against predictable forces [COCA, ACAD, 2010].
Style adverbs are more common in conversation than in other registers and attitude adverbs are slightly more common in news and academic prose than in conversation and fiction.
The research considers patterns of use for three major grammatical systems used to express stance: modal words, adverbials, and complement clause constructions.
For the hereinafter investigating of stance adverbials which function in the sentence as the Parenthesis, the Table 2 below lists the adverbs under the three ways of qualifying a viewpoint .
The adverbs that may be used as the linguistic realization of the epistemic way of qualifying standpoints belong to what are traditionally identified as modal or epistemic adverbs (certainly, clearly, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely) and evidential or hearsay adverbs (allegedly, apparently, obviously, reportedly, seemingly), as well as domain adverbs (emotionally, ideally, logically, officially, technically, theoretically).
The adverbs that can be used as the linguistic realization of the evaluative way of qualifying standpoints belong to the group of adverbs that are generically labeled as “evaluative adverbs” or “attitudinal adverbs” (fortunately, happily, interestingly, oddly, strangely, unfortunately).
The adverbs that can be used as the linguistic realization of the ‘illocutionary’ way of qualifying standpoints add a comment that concerns the act that is being performed, not the content of the act. Such a comment indicates the language user’s awareness of the conditions that pertain to the performance of an assertive speech act. the adverbs that constitute the linguistic realization of this way of qualifying come both from the group of the so-called “illocutionary adverbs” (frankly, honestly, seriously), and from a group of adverbs that are usually included among the epistemic adverbs or treated in the literature under the label of “expectation markers” (actually, admittedly, in fact, of course).
TABLE 2. STANCE ADVERBS FOR QUALIFYING A STANDPOINT
|EPISTEMIC WAY OF QUALIFYING||EVALUATIVE WAY OF QUALIFYING||ILLOCUTIONARY WAY OF QUALIFYING|
|ADVERBS COMMENTING ON THE COMMITMENT||ADVERBS COMMENTING ON THE EVALUATION||ADVERBS COMMENTING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE WHOLE ACT|
arguably, assuredly, certainly, clearly, conceivably, definitely, doubtlessly, evidently, for certain, improbably, incontestably, incontrovertibly, maybe, no doubt, perhaps, possibly, presumably, probably, surely, undoubtedly
allegedly, apparently, manifestly, obviously, ostensibly, patently, purportedly, reportedly, reputedly, seemingly, supposedly, visibly
aesthetically, architecturally, biologically, chemically, commercially, culturally, ecologically, economically, emotionally, ethically, financially, formally, ideally, ideologically, intellectually, linguistically, logically, materially, mechanically, mentally, morally, officially, physically, politically, practically, privately, psychologically, racially, realistically, scientifically, sexually, socially, spiritually, statistically, superficially, technically, technologically, theoretically, unofficially
|(EVENT-ORIENTED/ CLAUSE ORIENTED) EVALUATIVE ADVERBS
bizarrely, commendably, conveniently, curiously, disappointingly, fortunately, funnily, happily, hopefully, illogically, interestingly, ironically, justifiably, justly, luckily, oddly, paradoxically, preferably, regretfully, regrettably, sadly, significantly, strangely, surprisingly, tragically, unaccountably, unfortunately, unhappily unreasonably
bluntly, candidly, confidentially, frankly, honestly, really, seriously, truly, truthfully
bas
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，可用whom带换；作宾语时，的关系代词可省略。作另一个材质，的关系代词则不是省略。
2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。
如：
The boy whose mosundayr is ill is staying at home to look after her today.
他母亲生病的哪几个男孩当下呆在同事或者同学打理她。
I have a story book whose cover is red.
给他一本封面是粉红色的故事书。
3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。
如：
Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语）
足球是被大大多数男孩喜欢的有氧运动。
I dom’t believe sunday news which / that Tom wom sunday game. （宾语）
他不信任别人汤姆获胜这一次比赛的音问。
四、的关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可不可以和介词一块放置于先行词与定语从句之间。
That is sunday place in which I lived for five years.
=That is sunday place which / that I lived in for five years.
就好好就是他住过五年的好地方。
Mr Zhang is sunday man for whom I am looking.
=Mr Zhang is sunday man who / whom / that I am looking for.
孙先生就就是他仍然在找的哪几个人。
五、具体情况安全使用的关系代词或的关系副词所需考虑的问题。
1. 先行词是住址时，要该先行词想做定语从句的主语或宾语时，的关系代词用that或which.
如：
The school that / which I used to study in is becoming better and better.
（sunday school 作了介词in的宾语。）
我过往曾一度深造的那知识结构校越变越做越以上是我的一些心得体会。
先行词是住址时，要该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时，的关系代词用where.
如：
The place where sunday accident happened isn’t far from our school.
工伤事故的哪几个好地方离我学校不远。
考虑：定语从句中的动词happened绝对都是及物动词，它不跟宾语，而sunday accident又作了定语从句的主语，之所以该定语从句既不所需主语，也不所需宾语。
2. 之用that，不需要which的状态。
（1）前有序性数词替换时。
如：
This is sunday tenth gift that I received for my birthday.
这里是我接收的第十五个生日礼物。
（2）前有限性容词高级替换时。
如：
That is sunday most exciting game that I have ever watched.
就好好是他曾一度看过最更让人购买欲的比赛。
（3）先行词是all, litten, few, something, anything, everything等不对代词时。
如：
All that he told me is true.
他让我的任何是真实性的。
（4）先行词被sunday omly替换时。
如：
The omly thing that I can naet is a pen.
我必然能有的动西便是一盒钢笔。
（5）先行词既指人，又指物时。
如：
We talked about sunday peopen and sunday things that we were interested in.
我谈论了我感乐趣的人和事。
3. 之用which，不需要that的状态。
（1）定语从句是物时，定语从句由“介词+的关系代词which”指导。
如：
The thing about which sunday teacher is talking is very important.
老师还在谈论的那件事这是重要的。
（2）先行词本外身that, those时。
如：
What’s that which is flying in sunday sky?
在天空中走廊飞的那都有什么？<|endoftext|>Malta, sollevato il ct Devis Mangia con una grave accusa: i dettagli
"Il commissario tecnico Devis Mangia è stato sollevato temporaneamente dal suo incarico di capo allenatore delle nazionali a seguito di una segnalazione ricevuta su una presunta violazione delle sue politiche. Mangia ha dato la sua piena disponibilità per l'accertamento dei fatti in questione. La Federazione non farà ulteriori commenti fino a quando i prossimi passi non saranno discussi all'interno dei rispettivi organi decisionali in modo aperto e trasparente", con questo comunicato la Federazione calcio di Malta ha comunicato il sollevamento dal suo incarico del ct Devis Mangia. Nessun dettaglio ulteriore è stato fornito riguardo i motivi che hanno portato a questa scelta. Nella gara amichevole contro Israele al suo posto ci sarà Davide Mazzotta.
Secondo quanto riportato dal “Times of Malta” l'allenatore sarebbe accusato di molestie sessuali nei confronti di un suo giocatore. Il calciatore in questione, di cui non è stata rivelata l'identità, era in gruppo ma non è sceso in campo nell'ultima gara contro l'Estonia.<|endoftext|>Sede del giornale Apple Daily di Jimmy Lai. Foto AsiaNews
Jimmy Lai, al quale alcuni giorni fa erano state congelati 78 milioni di euro mettendo a repentaglio la pubblicazione del periodico da lui fondato Apple Daily e contrario alle politiche cinesi in Taiwan, assieme ad altri nove esponenti del fronte democratico si sono dichiarati oggi colpevoli a vario titolo di aver organizzato, partecipato o incitato a prendere parte a una manifestazione anti-governativa il primo ottobre 2019. Il caso è stato aggiornato al 24 maggio, quando la giudice Amanda Woodcock deciderà sulla possibile concessione di attenuanti; il verdetto sarà pronunciato il 28 maggio.<|endoftext|>At seven o’clock in the evening of 27 September 1994, the cruise ferry MS Estonia left Tallin with 989 people on board, heading for Stockholm through the Baltic Sea. It never got there. Six hours into the journey, pushing through a force nine gale, the bow door broke open and the ferry started taking on water. Within an hour it had sunk, taking with it 852 of its passengers and crew.
Even given the speed of tragedy, the stormy sea and the length of time it took rescuers to arrive (a full-scale emergency was only declared half an hour after the sinking), survival experts were astonished at the high death toll. It appears that many people drowned because they did nothing to save themselves. “A number of people… seem to have been incapable of rational thought or behaviour because of their fear,” concluded the official report into the accident. “Others appeared petrified and could not be forced to move. Some panicking, apathetic and shocked people were beyond reach and did not react when other passengers tried to guide them, not even when they used force or shouted at them.”
What happened? One person who knows the answer is John Leach, a military survival instructor who researches behaviour in extreme environments at the University of Portsmouth. He has studied the actions of survivors and victims from dozens of disasters around the world over several decades (and as it happens he was present at one of them, the fire at King’s Cross underground station on 18 November 1987 which killed 31 people). He has found that in life-threatening situations, around 75% of people are so bewildered by the situation that they are unable to think clearly or plot their escape. They become mentally paralysed. Just 15% of people on average manage to remain calm and rational enough to make decisions that could save their lives. (The remaining 10% are plain dangerous: they freak out and hinder the survival chances of everyone else.)
The bow of sunken ferry MS Estonia, on which more than 800 people died in 1994 (Getty Images)
My role as a psychologist is to teach people not to die
Stories about survival often focus on the 15%, and what is so special about them that helps them stay alive. But Leach thinks this is the wrong question. Instead, we should be asking, why do so many people die when they need not, when they have the physical means to save themselves? Why do so many give up, or fail to adjust to the unfolding crisis? In most disaster scenarios, he says, you don’t need special skills to survive. You just need to know what you should do. “My role as a combat survival instructor is to teach people how to survive. My role as a psychologist is to teach people not to die.”
We haven’t always had a clear picture of what people really do in emergencies. Engineers designing evacuation procedures used to assume that people respond immediately when they hear an alarm, smell smoke or feel their building shake or their boat begins to list.
Yet as cases in recent decades began to show, the real challenge is getting them to move quickly enough. On 22 August 1985, 55 people died in a Boeing 737 on the runway at Manchester Airport in the UK after the plane, which was bound for Corfu, suffered engine failure during take-off. The government’s Air Accident Investigations Branch reported: “Perhaps the most striking feature of this accident was the fact that although the aircraft never became airborne and was brought to a halt in a position which allowed an extremely rapid fire-service attack on the external fire, it resulted in 55 deaths. The major question is why the passengers did not get off the aircraft sufficiently quickly.”
Passenger behaviour in a fatal fire at Manchester Airport in the 1980s puzzled experts (Getty Images)
Rather than madness, or an animalistic stampede for the exits, it is often people’s disinclination to panic that puts them at higher risk.
One of the most graphic examples of crowd passivity in recent times occurred in New York’s Twin Towers after the hijacked planes hit them on 9/11. You’d have thought those who survived the initial impact would have headed for the nearest exit pretty quickly. Most did the opposite: they prevaricated. Those who eventually got out waited six minutes on average before moving to the stairs, and some hung around for half an hour, according to a study by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Unprepared for what was happening to them, they either carried on as normal or hung around to see what would happen, waiting for others to move first. One study found that half of those who survived delayed before trying to escape, making phone calls, tidying things into drawers, locking their office door, going to the toilet, completing emails, shutting down their computer, changing their shoes. One woman accustomed to bicycling to work even returned to her office to change into her tracksuit before trying to leave.
The prevailing psychological explanation for these kinds of behaviours – passivity, mental paralysis or simply carrying on as normal in the face of a crisis – is that they are caused by a failure to adapt to a sudden change in the environment. Survival involves goal-directed behaviour: you feel hungry, you look for food; you feel isolated, you seek companionship. Normally, this is straightforward (we know how to find food or companions). But in a new, unfamiliar environment, particularly a stressful one such as a sinking ship or a burning aircraft, establishing survival goals – where the exit is and how to get to it – requires a lot more conscious effort.
“In emergencies, quite often events are happening faster than you can process them,” explains Leach. The situation outruns our capacity to think our way out of it. Jerome Chertkoff, a social psychologist at Indiana University, puts it another way: “Being in a situation where your life is in danger increases your emotional arousal, and high arousal causes people to limit the number of alternatives they consider. That can be bad when trying to determine a course of action, since you may never consider the option most likely to result in escaping safely.”
This explains why in emergencies people often fail to do things that under normal circumstances would seem obvious. So the only reliable way to shortcut this kind of impaired thinking, most survival experts agree, is by preparing for an emergency in advance. “Practice makes actions automatic, without [the need for] detailed thinking,” says Chertkoff. This means making a mental note of the fire exits when you go to the cinema (and imagining yourself using them), reading the evacuation guidance on the back of the door when you stay in a hotel, and always listening to aircraft safety briefings however frequent a flyer you are. “Every time I go on a boat the first thing I do is find out where my lifeboat station is, because then if there is a problem I just have to respond, I don’t have to start thinking about it,” says Leach. Typically, survivors survive not because they are braver or more heroic than anyone else, but because they are better prepared.
Check your exits beforehand - you may not have the sense to in a crisis (Thinkstock)
What about how you deal with other people? No matter how well-primed you are, one aspect of emergency situations will always be out of our control: how those around us behave. Here, too, the scientific understanding is at odds with common wisdom or what we are likely to read in the media.
Commentators often highlight the supposed stupidity or madness of crowds during disasters – a stampede of pilgrims, the crush of a football crowd, the blind scramble for the exits in a burning nightclub. In reality, this is rarely what happens. Research shows that in most scenarios, groups of people are more likely to help each other than hinder. “In emergencies, the norm is cooperation,” says Chris Cocking, who studies crowd behaviour at the University of Brighton. “Selfish behaviour is very mild and tends to be policed by the crowd rather than spreading.”
Paul Dadge helping injured passenger Davinia Turrell after the London bombings of 2005 - one of the defining images of the attack (Gareth Cattermole/Getty Images)
Take the suicide bombings on London’s transport system on 7 July 2005, which killed 52 and injured more than 700. For several hours, hundreds of passengers were trapped in smoky underground tunnels with no way of knowing if they would be rescued, nor if further explosions were imminent. Amid this chaos, most people were highly cooperative and helpful, according to survivors interviewed by Cocking, John Drury at the University of Sussex and Steve Reicher at the University of St Andrews. Psychologists call this response “collective resilience”: an attitude of mutual helping and unity in the middle of danger.
Drury, Cocking and Reicher have documented many examples of collective resilience. In 2008, they talked to survivors of 11 mass tragedies or incidents from the previous four decades, including the 2001 Ghana football stadium crush in which 126 people died while trying to escape through locked exits, and the sinking of the cruise ship Oceanos off South Africa in 1991 (when remarkably all 500-odd passengers survived). In each case, group solidarity was more prevalent than selfishness. Cocking thinks that people’s tendency to cooperate during emergencies increases the chances of survival for everyone. “Individually, the best thing tactically is to go along with the group interest. In situations where everyone acts individually, which are very rare, that actually decreases effective group evacuation.”
In a crisis, people are more likely to help each other than be selfish (Getty Images)
Still, some emergencies can be so disorientating that cooperation may be beyond some people. For a dramatic example of how differently people behave when their life is on the line, consider the story of the British-Irish Atlantic Odyssey rowing team who in January 2012 attempted to cross the ocean east to west in a record-breaking 30 days. After 28 days, a freak wave capsized their boat while they were still 500 miles (800 kilometres) from their destination in Barbados. According to Mark Beaumont, an adventurer and broadcaster who was part of the six-strong crew, they would all have drowned had several of them not dived repeatedly under the upturned hull to free the life raft and retrieve the emergency beacon, GPS tracker, satellite phone, fresh water and food.
But not all of the crew reacted so rationally. “A couple of the guys went into pretty deep shock,” he recalls. “One of them could barely get a word out. He just shut his eyes and shut down.” Later, this colleague, who was a strong rower, explained to Beaumont that he had become overwhelmed by the situation. “I was completely out of my league,” he told him. “I thought the best thing to do was take up as little room as possible in the life-raft, shut my eyes and wait for it to pass, whether that was to die or be rescued.”
The chances are you will never find yourself in a disaster situation. But it’s a good idea to imagine that you will: to be aware that there are threats out there, and that you can prepare for them, without sliding into paranoia. “All you have to do is ask yourself one simple question,” says Leach. “If something happens, what is my first response? Once you can answer that, everything else will fall into place. It’s that simple.”<|endoftext|>وزیر علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری در بیان علت عدم تامین اعتبار طرحهای کلان و ملی دانشگاهها که سال گذشته رئیس جمهوری قول تامین آن را داده بود، گفت: “علت این عدم تامین اعتبار به یک مشکل حقوقی برمی گردد که امیدوارم این مشکل به زودی رفع شود.”
محمد مهدی زاهدی در گفتگو با خبرگزاری مهر با بیان این مطلب افزود: “حدود یکسال پیش پروژه ها تعریف و دانشگاه به دانشگاه موارد به معاونت علمی ریاست جمهوری ارسال شد. رئیس جمهوری نیز برای اختصاص هر چه سریعتر اعتبار برای این پروژه های کلان و ملی دانشگاهها عنایت دارد و امیدواریم که با حل مشکل حقوقی، تامین اعتبار برای این پروژه های ملی و کلان دانشگاهها به زودی صورت گیرد.”
وزیر علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری اضافه کرد: “علاوه بر اینکه معاونت علمی و فناوری ریاست جمهوری موضوع اعتبارات طرحهای کلان و ملی دانشگاهها را دنبال کرده است، شخصا نیز پیگیر بوده ام و رئیس جمهوری نیز به دانشگاهها توجه دارد اما فقط یک بحث کوچک حقوقی در زمینه بودجه این طرحها وجود دارد که باید برطرف شود.”
وی از ملاقات روز پنج شنبه ۱۴ شهریور ماه با رئیس جمهوری برای بیان مجدد مشکلات بودجه ای بر سر راه طرحهای کلان و ملی دانشگاهها خبر داد و به خبرگزاری مهر گفت: “در حال حاضر به دنبال راهکاری قانونی برای حل این مشکل هستیم.”
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، حوزه پژوهشی وزارت علوم سال گذشته پس از اعلام آمادگی رئیس جمهور مبنی بر حمایت از طرحهای کلان پژوهشی اقدام به جمع آوری طرحهای کلان پژوهشی کرد تا حمایت و تامین منابع مالی آنها توسط نهاد ریاست جمهوری صورت گیرد.
رئوس اولویت های این طرحهای پژوهشی شامل طرحهای کلان ملی، توسعه پژوهشهای کاربردی، ایجاد ارتباط اثربخش میان دانشگاهها و حوزه های بهره بردار و طرحهای پژوهشی کاربردی و تقاضا محور بود.<|endoftext|>Some of the most famous
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Uno studio dell'Università di Losanna ha svelato l'identikit di chi, in Ticino, si astiene dall'andare a votare.
L’Osservatorio politico dell'Università di Losanna ha presentato uno studio sui risultati delle scorse elezioni ticinesi.
Nel 2019 si è osservata la quota più elevata di astensionisti dal 1921, con un aumento di 3 punti dal 2015.
Quello medio è un cittadino con un apprendistato o in formazione, un impiegato o un operaio, è insoddisfatto economicamente, non è interessato alla politica e conosce poco o nulla di candidati e partiti.
Rispetto al 2015, inoltre, si situa più spesso a destra.
La scheda senza intestazione è stata invece scelta da persone poco interessate e pessimiste sulla situazione economica.
Swisstxt<|endoftext|>Along with financial barriers to reasonably priced well being care, restricted access to gynecological care—exacerbated by a shortage of gynecologists in Georgia and inadequate transportation—creates extra challenges for underserved women in need of cervical cancer care, particularly those living in rural areas. People of color have been notably affected by the unwillingness of states to expand Medicaid. States that did not increase Medicaid—the majority in the southeastern US, like Georgia—have greater proportions of Black individuals, people of low socioeconomic standing, and uninsured people than those who did increase their Medicaid applications. People of color are disproportionately represented in the coverage gap with no affordable option for medical insurance https://asiawomen.org/georgian-women/ and in 2019, approximately 60 p.c of these in the protection hole throughout the US were individuals of shade. Along with most other states that didn’t increase Medicaid, Georgia has a excessive price of uninsured Black individuals in comparison with growth states. By increasing healthcare protection for extra low-income individuals of shade, Medicaid growth might help cut back racial disparities in health outcomes arising from unequal entry to inexpensive and complete healthcare coverage. Cervical most cancers develops over a number of years, providing ample time to detect and deal with early abnormal adjustments in cervical cells that would finally lead to most cancers.
Many weren’t aware of the stop-gap programs mentioned above, despite the actual fact that they could have met eligibility standards. This is in maintaining with knowledge that has discovered women without health insurance in Georgia are virtually 30 p.c less prone to obtain routine cervical most cancers screenings than insured ladies. Yet many Georgian women and girls wouldn’t have access to this info, which impacts their understanding of and willingness to seek out cervical most cancers care.
A lack of obstetrician gynecologists in Georgia creates further limitations to cervical cancer care, making entry to gynecological care burdensome, pricey, and even nearly unimaginable for some girls. Currently, Georgia faces a extreme shortage of obstetrician gynecologists and virtually half of the state’s 159 counties wouldn’t have 1, with rural areas significantly impacted. The closure of hospitals and labor and delivery items within the state has contributed to the shortage. When hospitals and labor and delivery models shut, and obstetricians, who’re usually additionally gynecologists, have nowhere to deliver babies or provide emergency obstetric care, they usually transfer away, leaving complete communities without entry to essential being pregnant and gynecological companies. Since 2010, Georgia has had seven rural hospitals close—tying Oklahoma for the third most rural closures in the country—and 38 labor and delivery units have shut down since 1994. States have had the choice to broaden Medicaid protection with federal funding help since the 2010 passage of the ACA.
Georgian Girls Secrets
Despite these alarming statistics, the state of Georgia does not present the necessary guidance, accountability, or funding mechanisms to ensure all young individuals receive comprehensive information on their sexual and reproductive well being in schools. In accordance with the Georgia Code, schools are required to show sexual well being schooling and AIDS prevention education, but native college boards are answerable for creating and implementing their very own curriculum, in alignment with health standards offered by the Georgia Department of Education. Curriculum on sexual well being and AIDS education should emphasize abstinence but just isn’t required to be medically correct, comprehensive, or to incorporate instruction on sexual orientation and gender id. Without a uniform state curriculum, the standard of sexual health training, the topics coated, and the data out there to students varies significantly by college district, creating wide disparities across the state. After years of routine cervical cancer screenings at her county well being department, Lisa D. For about 4 years, Lisa acquired follow-up and more frequent Pap exams, all with irregular outcomes.
However, research has discovered that many women aren’t receiving enough screenings as they approach 65 and about 20 % of cervical cancer circumstances are diagnosed in women over age 65. As they become old, women are much less more likely to have received a cervical most cancers take a look at in the previous 5 years. Inadequate screenings, disproportionately impacting marginalized girls who lack access to common and reasonably priced preventive health care, can contribute to cervical most cancers incidence charges that increase with age within the US. Lack of funding also creates obstacles to complete sexual health schooling and can exacerbate well being disparities within the state. Georgia doesn’t present specific funding for sexual health education, leaving decisions to fund programs as a lot as native school boards that decide the price range and priorities for school districts. The state government also fails to supply sufficient funding for under-resourced and uncared for school districts, has continued to chop state spending on public education, and underfunds particular grants intended to assist Georgia’s neediest faculties.
In particular, direct more allocated funding into assist for community-based tasks together with the Social Determinants of Health Accelerator Plans and Social Determinants of Health Community Pilots and regularly report on outcomes of funded initiatives. Partner with local communities, groups, and organizations to implement community-based initiatives to teach younger people, including those who are out of school, on wholesome sexual behaviors and to address stigma round sexual well being. Develop and implement a comprehensive, rights-respecting plan to get rid of cervical most cancers deaths in Georgia and acquire funding assist from the state legislature. Support the enlargement of Medicaid underneath the Affordable Care Act to extend inexpensive access to healthcare providers for Georgian residents. The state ranks poorly on high quality measures in its Medicaid program such as entry to postpartum care, timeliness of prenatal care, and the percentage of babies with low birthweight.
Women’s illustration in municipal councils grew virtually two-fold because of the 2021 native elections in Georgia, reaching a historic 24 percent. The nation will want to develop related abilities amongst girls, end occupational segregation and promote female participation in STEM fields, provide formal care for kids and the elderly, help women’s labor transitions and battle discrimination in labor markets, and challenge societal mindsets and biases. According to Geostat knowledge, solely forty.5% of working-age ladies actively collaborating in Georgia’s labor markets in comparison with 62.9% of working-age males. Women observe slightly decrease unemployment, however they work less hours per week and have lower wages than males. This wage inequality is further exacerbated by the reality that women in Georgia are often segregated to activities with decrease earnings potential, corresponding to agriculture, schooling, and healthcare, whereas being generally excluded from industrial actions and careers in science, technology, engineering, and math .
Erica Williams, former assistant within the Women’s Rights Division, provided research assist. Design and manufacturing help have been offered by Erika Nguyen, senior coordinator within the Women’s Rights Division; Travis Carr, senior publications coordinator; Fitzroy Hepkins, administrative supervisor; and Jose Martinez, senior administration coordinator. Sarah Grile and Omar Al-Fotihi, multimedia producers at Human Rights Watch, produced the accompanying video. The report periodically refers to distances to providers by way of “minutes away.” This reflects an approximation of time supplied by interviewees concerning how lengthy a affected person would expect to journey by car to achieve a facility offering care. Prior to the start of the project, three exterior advisors, including a community member from southwest Georgia, supplied an unbiased analysis design evaluate. They reviewed project design and analysis materials—including knowledgeable consent protocols—and provided suggestions, which SRBWI and Human Rights Watch labored to include into ultimate supplies and design, to ensure that all applicable steps had been taken to guard the rights of all participants involved within the research project.
In 2017, the US Department of Health and Human Services minimize the NBCCEDP finances by $40.eight million, about 15 % of its whole price range, and federal funding has remained stagnant over the previous few years. Since 2019, the BCCP has received $4.6 million annually in federal funding for this system. State funding for the BCCP, which has additionally remained unchanged over the previous few years, is insufficient. The pandemic has also given rise to a dramatic enhance in the utilization of telehealth in the US, however providers usually are not at all times accessible and sufficient for people who lack technology, up-to-date equipment, and broadband infrastructure—especially those dwelling in rural, underserved communities—and can worsen health disparities. Compared to white households in the US, Black households are significantly much less more likely to have internet access at house. SRBWI and Human Rights Watch interviewed a quantity of women who reported not having the required expertise at home for telehealth visits, including dependable broadband. While telehealth has the potential to increase entry to timely and accessible medical care, it must be carried out in ways in which adequately tackle present broadband and technology inequalities and ensure equal entry to inexpensive and high quality well being care for everyone.
I had been to medical doctors and issues like that, but nobody had ever observed it,” she stated. Crystal believes that with better care her situation may have been identified and handled at an earlier stage, and he or she could have prevented surgery. Georgia doesn’t provide enough state funding for transit, leaving many rural transit techniques struggling to operate.
These classes provide novices and more experienced participants sufficient knowledge and experience to pursue their outdoors pursuits on the conclusion of the workshops. This lesson explores the numerous experiences of women in Georgian Britain, c.1714 – 1830. Britain itself was a fairly new invention in this period, following the Act of Union in 1707. It was an important period in cultural phrases, with the emergence of essential writers similar to Laurence Sterne, Jane Austen and Walter Scott.
At the identical time, Georgia is failing to ensure that all younger individuals in faculties receive complete, inclusive, and accurate data on their sexual and reproductive well being. Gaps in entry to lifesaving info undermine Georgian women’s understanding of the preventive steps they’ll take to remain healthy and safe and in addition fuel misinformation, worry, and stigma associated to cervical cancer care. Structural racism and discrimination throughout the healthcare field perpetuates unequal entry to gynecological care, disparate well being outcomes, and mistrust in the course of medical suppliers. The area of gynecology is rooted in racism and the exploitation and abuse of Black ladies, including medical experimentation on enslaved girls and compelled, involuntary sterilization of Black girls. These injustices towards Black ladies are particularly acute for people dwelling in the southeastern US, where many of these abuses occurred and the place the legacy of slavery and the impacts of racial discrimination—including de facto segregation, high charges of poverty, and poor health outcomes for Black people—are obvious.
85% of Georgian ladies say that girls have to overcome extra obstacles of their careers than men. The information were collected by face-to-face interviews with a nationally representative sample of round 2,500 residents and during focus group discussions in five regions of Georgia.
For women who have to travel long distances for gynecological care and for those that lack adequate transportation, together with cash for gas or to pay someone to take them to appointments, accessing cervical most cancers care is often burdensome, costly, and, at occasions, even inconceivable. The committee has additionally stressed the importance of entry to accurate info on sexual and reproductive health and rights for adolescents and the need for school-based training on sexual and reproductive health. Similarly, the CEDAW Committee has additionally famous sexual health information isn’t offered to older girls in a type that’s acceptable, accessible, and applicable and that interventions ought to be tailored to their wants. In its General Comment No. 22, the CESCR noted that “information accessibility contains the right to hunt, obtain and disseminate info and concepts regarding sexual and reproductive health issues…. All people and groups, together with adolescents and youth, have the proper to evidence-based info on all aspects of sexual and reproductive health,” together with STIs and reproductive cancer.
The publication is a set of pointers and strategies to identify and resolve gaps and obstacles for climate financing. 60% of Georgians think that the involvement of women in politics would benefit the country. three out of 4 males in Georgia state they’d really feel comfortable if their manager had been a woman.<|endoftext|>Se il cane si sveglia nel cuore della notte per fare la cacca, i motivi potrebbero essere diversi e vanno affrontati nel migliore dei modi.
Quando il cane si sveglia nel cuore della notte per fare i suoi bisogni, le emozioni che si provano possono essere contrastanti tra frustrazione, confusione e preoccupazione. Difatti, comportamenti al di fuori della solita routine come fare la cacca ad orari notturni possono indicare diversi problemi che affliggono il proprio quattro zampe. È necessario comprendere a fondo cosa comporta tale cambiamento e perché avviene. Una volta identificato il problema, si può procedere a valutare ed eventualmente cambiare qualcosa all’interno della routine del cane.
Perché il cane fa la cacca durante la notte
Il cane può avere lo stimolo di fare la cacca nel bel mezzo della notte per diversi motivi. Il primo da tenere in considerazione è di natura medica. In cima alle potenziale cause per cui i quattro zampe si svegliano con il il bisogno di fare la cacca, infatti, sono mediche. Potrebbe aver mangiato qualcosa che gli ha fatto male, oppure le nuove crocchette potrebbero non fare al caso suo. Anche la presenza di parassiti potrebbe indurre l’animale ad avere esigenze che lo mettono a disagio.
Il secondo motivo più diffuso riguarda i cambiamenti drastici nella dieta. Nei sacchi e nei sacchetti di cibo per cani sono riportare le istruzioni con le linee guida su come aiutare il cane al nuovo alimento. Queste indicazioni sono importanti poiché un cambio improvviso della dieta nei cani potrebbe portare a disturbi di vario tipo che coinvolgono la pancia, come il bisogno di fare a cacca durante la notte. Se questo dovesse essere il caso, gli esperti consigliano di procedere lentamente all’introduzione del nuovo alimento.
Lo stress è un’altra possibile causa di disturbi digestivi nel cane. Questo può derivare da qualsiasi cosa che sconvolga la routine del quattro zampe e lo faccia sentire a disagio come un trasloco, un viaggio, un temporale, rumori spaventosi o altri tipi di cambiamento.
Cambiamenti nella routine quotidiana come l’orario dei pasti o il cibo stesso e lo stress possono comportare cambiamenti a livello fisiologico. Alcune volte, tuttavia, il cane ha bisogno di fare la cacca per motivi fisiologici normali. Per esempio può non sentirsi “vuoto” se è andato a dormire prima della passeggiata serale, oppure durante essa non si è svuotato del tutto.
Oppure, il cane può essere ancora troppo piccolo e non aver raggiunto un controllo sufficiente per trattenere la cacca con efficacia. Difatti è abbastanza normale che i cuccioli si sveglino nel cuore della notte per fare i loro bisogni. In questo caso la migliore soluzione è impostare delle sveglie a determinate ore della notte per portare fuori il cucciolo. Come i cani troppo giovani devono ancora imparare a trattenerla, i cani anziani, invece, potrebbero dover combattere con l’incontinenza.<|endoftext|>Anime ona bölüm, online olarak yayınlanan kısa anime bölümleridir. Genellikle 10-15 dakika arasında süren bu bölümler, genellikle web sitelerinde veya platformlarda izlenir. Kısa süreli ve kolay takip edilebilir hikayeler içerir.
Anime ona Bölüm nedir? konusunda merak edilen her şey bu yazıda bulabilirsiniz. Anime ona Bölüm nedir? sorusunun cevabı, online platformlarda yayınlanan kısa animasyon bölümleridir. Bu ona bölümler, genellikle ana hikayeden farklı karakterlerin perspektifinden anlatılan öykülerdir. Anime ona Bölüm izleyicilere ana karakterler dışındaki karakterlerin hayatını daha yakından görmelerini sağlar. Bu bölümler, genellikle ana hikayeyi daha derinlemesine anlamamıza yardımcı olur. Anime ona bölümleri genellikle ana hikayenin yanında yayınlanır ve hayranlar için ek içerik sunar. Anime ona bölüm nedir? sorusunun cevabını merak edenler için bu yazı detaylı bir şekilde açıklamaktadır.
|Anime ona Bölüm nedir? Anlık anime bölümleri internet üzerinden yayınlanan kısa animelerdir.
|Anime ona Bölümü ne kadar sürer? Genellikle 5 ila 15 dakika arasında sürer.
|Ona bölümleri genellikle hangi tür animelerde görülür? Komedi, slice of life gibi türlerde sıkça görülür.
|Ona bölümleri genellikle kaç bölümden oluşur? 12 ila 15 bölüm arasında olabilir.
|Ona bölümleri genellikle hangi platformlarda yayınlanır? YouTube, Crunchyroll gibi platformlarda yayınlanır.
- Anime ona bölümleri popüler anime serilerinin yan ürünleri olabilir.
- Ona bölümleri genellikle humor odaklı olabilir.
- Yayınlanan ona bölümleri genellikle internet üzerinden izlenir.
- Ona bölümleri genellikle kısa süreli ve eğlencelidir.
- Ona bölümleri genellikle fanlar tarafından ilgiyle takip edilir.
İçindekiler
Anime Bölüm Nedir?
Anime bölüm, genellikle bir hikayenin belirli bir süresini veya olaylarını anlatan, genellikle 20 ila 30 dakika arasında süren ve bir bölüm olarak adlandırılan animasyon dizileridir. Bir anime dizisi genellikle birkaç bölümden oluşur ve genellikle bir sezon boyunca yayınlanır. Her bölüm, karakterlerin gelişimini, hikaye ilerlemesini ve genel dizi ilerlemesini sağlayan belirli olayları ve konuları içerebilir. Anime bölümleri genellikle farklı türlerde olabilir ve çeşitli konuları ele alabilir.
Anime Bölüm Kaç Dakika Sürer?
Anime bölüm genellikle 20 ila 30 dakika arasında sürer. Bu süre genellikle bir bölümün hikayesini anlatmak, karakter gelişimini göstermek ve genel dizi ilerlemesini sağlamak için yeterlidir. Ancak bazı anime dizileri daha uzun veya daha kısa bölümlerle de yayınlanabilir. Bu süre genellikle izleyicilerin dikkatini çekmek ve hikayeyi etkili bir şekilde anlatmak için en uygun süre olarak kabul edilir.
Anime Bölüm Nasıl Yapılır?
Anime bölüm, genellikle bir senarist, yönetmen, karakter tasarımcısı, animatör ve seslendirme sanatçıları gibi bir ekip tarafından yapılır. İlk olarak senarist, bölümün hikayesini yazarak başlar ve sonra yönetmen bölümün çekimini planlar. Karakter tasarımcı
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– =<|endoftext|>Originally posted at Inequality by (Interior) Design.
One of my favorite sociologists is Bill Watterson. He’s not read in most sociology classrooms, but he has a sociological eye and a great talent for laying bare the structure of the world around us and the ways that we as individuals must navigate that structure—some with fewer obstacles than others. Unlike most sociologists, Watterson does this without inventing new jargon (or much new jargon), or relying on overly dense theoretical claims. He doesn’t call our attention to demographic trends (often) or seek to find and explain low p values.
Rather, Watterson presents the world from the perspective of a young boy who is both tremendously influenced by–and desires to have a tremendous influence on–the world around him. The boy’s name is Calvin, and I put a picture of him (often in the company of his stuffed tiger, Hobbes) on almost every syllabus I write. Watterson is the artist behind the iconic comic strip, “Calvin and Hobbes,” and he firmly believed in his art form. I’m convinced that if you can’t find a Calvin and Hobbes cartoon to put on your syllabus for a sociology course, there’s a good chance you’re not teaching sociology.
The questions and perspectives of children are significant to sociologists because children offer us an amazing presentation of how much is learned, and how we come to take what we’ve learned for granted. In many ways, this is at the heart of the ethnographic project: to uncover both what is taken for granted and why this might matter. Using the charm and wit of a megalomaniacal young boy, Watterson challenges us on issues of gender inequality, sexual socialization, religious identity and ideology, racism, classism, ageism, deviance, the logic of capitalism, globalization, education, academic inquiry, philosophy, postmodernism, family forms and functions, the social construction of childhood, environmentalism, and more.
Watterson depicts the world from Calvin’s perspective. He manages to illustrate both how odd this perspective appears to others around him (his parents, teachers, peers, even Hobbes) as well as the tenacity with which Calvin clings to his unique view of the world despite the fact that it often fails to accord with reality. Indeed, Calvin ritualistically comes into conflict with his social obligations as a child (school, chores, social etiquette, and norms of deference and respect, etc.) and the diverse roles he plays as a social actor (both real and imaginary). Calvin is a wonderful example of the human capacity to play with social “roles” and within the social institutions that frame and structure our lives.
Quite simply, Calvin often simply refuses to play the social roles assigned to him, or, somewhat more mildly, he refuses to play those roles in precisely the way they were designed to be played. And in that way, Calvin helps to illustrate just how social our behavior is. Social behavior is based on a series of structured negotiations with the world around us. This doesn’t have to mean that we can act however we please—Calvin is continually bumping into social sanctions for his antics. But neither does it mean that we only act in ways that were structurally predetermined. The world around us is a collective project, one in which we have a stake. We play a role in both social reproduction and change.
Understanding the ways in which our experiences, identities, opportunities, and more are structured by the world around us is a central feature of sociological learning. Calvin is one way I ask students to consider these ideas. Kai Erikson put it this way in an essay on sociological writing:
Most sociologists think of their discipline as an approach as well as a subject matter, a perspective as well as a body of knowledge. What distinguishes us from other observers of the human scene is the manner in which we look out at the world—the way our eyes are focused, the way our minds are tuned, the way our intellectual reflexes are set. Sociologists peer out at the same landscapes as historians or poets or philosophers, but we select different details out of those scenes to attend closely, and we sort those details in different ways. So it is not only what sociologists see but the way they look that gives the field its special distinction. (here)
Calvin is a great example of the significance of “breaching” social norms. Breaches tell us something important about what we take for granted, and if your sociological imagination is well-oiled, you can often learn something about the “how” and the “why” as well. A great deal of the social organization goes into the production of our experiences, identities, and opportunities is subtly disguised by these “whys” (or what are sometimes called “accounts”). Calvin’s incessant questioning of authority and social norms illuminates the social forces that guide our accounts surrounding a great deal of social life–subtly, but unmistakably, asking us to consider what we taken for granted, how we manage to do so, as well as why. This is a feature of some of the best sociological work—a feature that is dramatized in childhood.
In Erikson’s treatise on sociological writing, he concludes with a wonderful description of an interaction between Mark Twain and a “wily old riverboat pilot.” Researching life on the Mississippi, Twain noticed that the riverboat pilot deftly swerves and changes course down the river, dodging unseen objects below the water’s surface in an attempt to move smoothly down the river. Twain asks the pilot what he’s noticing on the water’s surface to make these decisions and adjustments. The riverboat pilot is unable to explain, offering a sort of “I know it when I see it” explanation (interviewers know this explanation well). The pilot’s eyes had become so skilled in this navigation that he didn’t need to concern himself with how he knew what he knew. But both he and Twain were confident that he knew it. Over the course of their interactions, Twain gradually comes to learn more about what exactly the riverboat pilot is able to see and how he uses it to move through the water unhindered. This, explains Erikson, is the project of good sociology—“to combine the eyes of a river pilot with the voice of Mark Twain.”
Through Calvin, Watterson accomplishes just this. Calvin offers us a glimpse of wonderful array of sociological ideas and perspectives in an accessible way. Watterson has a way of seamlessly calling our attention to the taken for granted throughout social life and his images and ideas are a great introduction to sociological thinking. I like to think that Calvin’s life, perspectives, antics, and waywardness help students call the systems of social inequality and the world around them into question, learning to see sociologically. Calvin is a great tool to help students recognize that they can question the unquestionable, to learn to problematize issues that might lack the formal status of “problems” in the first place. Watterson used Calvin to help all of us learn to see the ordinary as extraordinary–a worthy task for any sociology course.Tristan Bridges, PhD is a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is the co-editor of Exploring Masculinities: Identity, Inequality, Inequality, and Change with C.J. Pascoe and studies gender and sexual identity and inequality. You can follow him on Twitter here. Tristan also blogs regularly at Inequality by (Interior) Design.<|endoftext|>Consider the following scenarios:-
Scenario:-1. The cookies in browser are set by application which is accessible over SSL (HTTPS). The same website(same domain) offers some functionality over HTTP, which is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS). Can, an attacker obtain his cookies?
Case:-1 Cookies are not marked secure by the application, so the browser sends it to http as well, hence, an attacker can obtain them through XSS
Case:-2 Cookies are marked as secure, so the browser does not send them over HTTP, and hence an attacker can't get them through XSS on HTTP site. This answers the question, asked in the title. Secure cookies, are indeed secure.
Scenario:-2 Cookie is set by website over HTTP(cookies not marked secure). The website over HTTPS is vulnerable to xss. Browser will send cookies to the vulnerable website (over SSL). An attacker can gain all cookies associated with this domain name.
Hope this helps.<|endoftext|>还没有读完，读完后把书评补完。第一遍读的时候没有读进去，打算从断层处再继续读一次。
"在思想的正午，反叛者拒绝神明以承担共同的斗争和命运。我们将选择伊塔克、忠实的土地、勇敢而简朴的思想、清晰的行动以及明晓事理的人的慷慨大度。在光亮中，世界始终是我们最初和最后的爱。我们的弟兄们和我们在同一天空下呼吸，正义是活生生的。于是帮助生活和死亡的奇特快乐产生了，从此我们拒绝把它推向以后。在痛苦的大地上，它是不知疲倦的毒麦草、苦涩的食物、大海边吹来的寒风、古老的和新鲜的曙光。"为这段慕名而来，虽然还没有读到。因我并不是个无神论者，所以对无神论者的态度总是好奇与不敢苟同交织的。加缪值得敬佩的地方在于，作为一个无神论存在主义者，他并没有站在上帝角度去对世界嗤之以鼻。读他的时候我所感受到的是，他当然不信神爱世人，不信奇迹恩典，不因这些所爱，而是把众神驱逐出天国，带着清醒与绝望去爱这个世界本身。荒诞固然是一直存在的，它的存在之于我们有如空气一般。这世界的本质是荒诞的，但他给出的理性并不是冷眼，而是清醒的热忱。
读的时候总是头晕脑胀，后来想了下与其怪译者不如怪自己的智商。可能还有一个原因是因为自己本身并不是一个无神论存在主义者吧。<|endoftext|>Cody Rhodes ha raccontato un particolare aneddoto avvenuto prima del match lottato e vinto contro Seth Rollins in quel di WrestleMania 38.
Ospite ai microfoni di Ariel Helwani, l’American Nightmare ha infatti rivelato di aver avvertito la presenza di suo padre Dusty Rhodes proprio poco prima di uscire sullo stage del Granddaddy of Them All.
Cody Rhodes rivela: “Ho avvertito la presenza di mio padre a WrestleMania!”
Ecco le parole di Cody Rhodes:
“A WrestleMania mi stavo preparando per salire sull’ascensore e arrivare allo stage, camminavo su e giù per la gorilla position. C’era John Laurinaitis, c’era Brandi, c’erano i membri della produzione. C’erano un sacco di telecamere.
Io non sono una persona di fede, Matt e Nick Jackson mi prendevano sempre in giro dicendomi di essere un ateo, perché credo solamente in ciò che posso vedere. Ho sentito mio padre. Non mi era mai successo, ma l’ho sentito per davvero.
Penso sempre a cosa gli direi e a ciò che mi direbbe, sicuramente gli direi che “sono successe tante cose”, dovrei dirglielo. Conoscendo Dusty uomo e conoscendo Dusty padre lui mi avrebbe chiesto “cosa diavolo hai sul collo?”. Ho sentito la sua presenza, non mi era mai successo prima, è stata una bella sensazione“ ha concluso Cody Rhodes.<|endoftext|>Caratteristica della sindrome di Meniere: La malattia di Menière colpisce l’orecchio interno con l’apparato dell’equilibrio. Ha tre sintomi principali – il tinnito (fischi, rumori), la perdita dell’udito e vertigini. La malattia è causata dalla disfunzione di una parte dell’orecchio interno (sacco endolimfatico). Il sintomo che prevale su tutti gli altri è un’attacco di vertigine rotazionale molto variabile e di solito preceduto dall’aura. In pochi minuti, esso raggiunge l’apice della sua intensità e dura mediamente due o tre ore. Gli altri due sintomi, acufene e perdita dell’udito, sono di solito unilaterali. L’acufene è spesso permanente o intermittente.
La perdita dell´udito peggiora durante il progresso della malattia, di solito senza possibilità di miglioramenti. La terapia causale è ignota. Nel periodo dell’attacco vengono somministrati farmaci per attenuare le vertigini e farmaci per modificare la composizione e la quantità di endolinfa. Nel caso di risultati negativi delle cure, è indicato un intervento chirugico.
Nel caso della sindrome di Menière si tratta delle stesse manifestazioni cliniche ma la causa può essere diversa (ad esempio disturbi ormonali, disturbi del metabolismo dell’acqua, ipovitaminosi, sostanze tossiche, disturbi della colonna cervicale, stati post-traumatici ecc.).
I fischi nell´orecchio possono presentarsi come parte della malattia di Menière o indipendentemente. Nel sottofondo vi è sempre un disturbo della perfusione sanguigna e del rifornimento venoso dell’orecchio interno. Per questo motivo la terapia è orientata al miglioramento della distribuzione del sangue ossigenato e delle sostanze nutritive. Se le alterazioni sono di lunga durata ed i danni sono permanenti, gli effetti della cura saranno minimi.
Utilizzo della 3D terapia pulsata Biomag® nella sindrome di Meniere
Si consiglia di iniziare le applicazioni della 3D terapia pulsata Biomag® ad impulsi sulla zona delle orecchie e della colonna vertebrale quanto prima dopo la presenza dei primi disturbi per favorire la perfusione sanguigna nei precapillari e nel letto capillare e per migliorare le condizioni per una funzione normale e per la guarigione. Nel caso in cui le cause del male siano conosciute è possibile agire in modo mirato ad esempio sulla zona del fegato, della ghiandola surrenale, del pancreas.
Applicazione della 3D terapia pulsata Biomag® in presenza della sindrome di Meniere
Con le frequenze da 8-20 Hz con l’effetto miorilassante (colonna cervicale) e vasodilatatorio (l’orecchio interno) si ottiene il miglioramento richiesto della microcircolazione del sangue ossigenato e delle sostanze nutritive. L’applicatore adatto è il solenoide per la testa e l´applicatore piatto sulla zona della colonna vertebrale.
3D terapia pulsata Biomag® e sindrome di Meniere – formulario di contatto
Ha voglia di sapere di più sull’applicazione della 3D terapia pulsata Biomag® per curare i dolori dovuti alla sindrome di Meniere? Ci contatti! Non esiti a contattarci, risponderemo a tutte le Sue domande sull’applicazione della 3D terapia pulsata Biomag® in presenza della sindrome di Meniere.
3D pulsed therapy Biomag® brevettato. Come agisce?
Il principio di base di questo 3D pulsed therapy Biomag® è generare gli impulsi elettromagnetici.
Questi impulsi penetrano sia nell’abbigliamento che nel tessuto umano al sito di applicazione. Gli impulsi hanno i parametri biotropici appositamente sviluppati (ad esempio frequenza, forma, intensità) attraverso cui agiscono le varie condizioni mediche.
Per questa cura basata su impulsi elettromagnetici viene usato il termine magnetoterapia pulsata più spesso (di solito l’abbreviazione PEMF è usata in inglese.)
3D pulsed therapy Biomag® brevettato inoltre fornisce una forma di impulso più accurata e ininterrotta , anche migliora le prestazioni. Gli impulsi possono agire da diversi lati. Questa è una tecnologia medica nuovissima ed unica sul mercato.
3D pulsed therapy Biomag® e gli effetti – spiegazione da dottore MUDr. Peter Bednarčík, CSc.
Effetti di terapia pulsata – gli studi clinici
Gli effetti positivi di applicazioni di campo magnetico pulsato (CEMP) confermano i studi clinici da parte delle principali autorità e istituzioni rispettabili. Può trovare l’ultimo elenco di questi studi clinici su questa pagina. Contattaci e saremo felici di aiutarla a navigare tra questi dati esperti.
L’applicazione del campo magnetico pulsato è molto utilizzato nel nostro reparto. Apprezziamo la possibilità di applicazioni non solo in base ai numeri di programmi ma anche alla possibilità di creare i propri programmi. Il dispositivo è piccolo, ben organizzato e il controllo è semplice e con ottimi prestazioni.
Ospedale della facoltà Na Bulovce Praha – Riparto di riabilitazione medica
Abbiamo utilizzato il trattamento del campo magnetico pulsato nelle nostre spa per oltre 10 anni. I dispositivi Biomag sono usati sia in riabilitazione che in trattamenti termali. La combinazione di magnetoterapia con altri metodi di riabilitazione è molto vantaggiosa, perché gli effetti della terapia magnetica sono combinati con altri metodi (effetti antidolorifici, anti-gonfiore, rigenerativi e miorilassanti).
Spa Lázně Bělohrad
Con il dispositivo siamo molto contenti, manipolazione con gli applicatori è molto bene ed i risultati della cura sono ottimi.
Ospedale Municipale Masaryk Jilemnice
La mia moglie non ha sentito l’orecchio destro e aveva un bozzo maggiore dietro l’orecchio. Oggi si sente e il bozzo è già piccolo.Josef Jírovec, Bernartice
3D terapia pulsata Biomag è utilizzata da quasi tutta la famiglia. Mia madre l’ha perfino guarita da una grave malattia. Oggi, 3D terapia pulsata Biomag ha un ruolo insostituibile nella nostra casa, in realtà svolge la funzione di un “medico di casa”.Paní Paťhová, Trhová Štěpánov
Appendice: i risultati della terapia possono essere individuali e non devono corrispondere sempre all'esperienza qui descritta.
Anche i medici e gli nostri clienti altri usano 3D pulsed therapy Biomag® per queste condizioni:
- Diabete
- Dolori della spina dorsale
- Ulcere varicose
- Alta pressione
- Tunnel carpale
- Artrosi delle
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_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, DIMINFO, SRID)VALUES ('store', 'store_geo',MDSYS.SDO_DIM_ARRAY(MDSYS.SDO_DIM_ELEMENT('LONG', -180.0, 180.0, 0.005),MDSYS.SDO_DIM_ELEMENT('LAT', -90.0, 90.0, 0.005)),8307);COMMIT;5. Create the spatial index on the geometry columnDROP INDEX store_idx;CREATE INDEX store_idx ON store(store_geo)INDEXTYPE IS mdsys.spatial_index;<|endoftext|>In the previous post we introduced the scripture-based model for the Holy Priesthood and the offices and appendages to that priesthood. Here’s the graphic as a reminder.
Let’s walk through LDS history and see how this developed.
As mentioned in the first post, the term “Aaronic Priesthood” was not introduced until 1835, and was then applied retroactively. For example, in 1838 Joseph Smith wrote about the visit of John the Baptist. He wrote:
Upon you my fellow servants, in the name of Messiah I confer the Priesthood of Aaron…”
Notice he calls it the Priesthood of Aaron, because in 1838 that’s what people understood it to be. It’s like reading a history referring to New York City being founded in 1660. In 1660, it was called New Amsterdam. In 1666, the Dutch handed the city over to the British and it was renamed New York. So what was the Priesthood of Aaron called before 1835?
In 1834, Oliver wrote an account of the encounter with John the Baptist, wherein John says:
Upon you my fellow-servants, in the name of Messiah, I confer this priesthood and this authority…
It is interesting to note that no account says that Joseph and Oliver were ordained to a specific office within the Aaronic Priesthood. Using our model, the office of Priest and the lesser priesthood are synonymous, and the offices of Teacher and Deacon are appendages. So whether Joseph and Oliver were ordained to the office of Priest or given the lesser priesthood, the net effect was the same. They had the authority to baptize. Here’s a scriptural proof:
The power and authority of the lesser, or Aaronic Priesthood, is to hold the keys of the ministering of angels, and to administer in outward ordinances, the letter of the gospel, the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins, agreeable to the covenants and commandments.
The whole reason John the Baptist appeared was because Joseph and Oliver wanted to be baptized and knew that required an ordination. Baptism is only administered by Priests in the Aaronic Priesthood, so the power and authority of the Aaronic Priesthood is the office of Priest. They are synonyms. The other offices in the Aaronic Priesthood are appendages:
The offices of and deacon are necessary appendages belonging to the lesser priesthood, which priesthood was confirmed upon and his sons.
It’s important to note that at no time during Joseph’s ministry were Deacons and Teachers given authority to administer any ordinances. Priests were the only office in the Aaronic Priesthood with authority to administer ordinances.
The office of Deacon is also noteworthy. It is not mentioned in the Book of Mormon, though it is in the New Testament (Timothy 3:12 Let the deacons be the husbands of one wife, ruling their children and their own houses well.) This office was created in 1831.
So the office of Priest is the Aaronic Priesthood, and within that exists the authority to ordain people to the appendages of Teacher and Deacon.
The office of Elder
Keeping in mind that the term Melchizedek Priesthood wasn’t introduced until 1835, look at how Joseph describes the next step in the revelation of the priesthood:
The messenger who visited us on this occasion and conferred this Priesthood upon us, said that his name was John, the same that is called John the Baptist in the New Testament, and that he acted under the direction of Peter, James and John, who held the keys of the Priesthood of Melchizedek, which Priesthood, he said, would in due time be conferred on us, and that I should be called the first Elder of the Church, and he (Oliver Cowdery) the second.
Joseph wrote this 1838, well after the fullness of the priesthood had been lost. Notice that what Joseph and Oliver “would in due time” receive was the office of Elder, which is an appendage to the High Priesthood, not the High Priesthood itself.
On March 23, 1846, Oliver Cowdery wrote a letter in which he stated:
Had you stood in the presence of John, with our departed brother Joseph, to receive the Lesser Priesthood—and in the presence of Peter, to receive the Greater…
Notice what Oliver doesn’t write. He doesn’t say they received the Melchizedek Priesthood, he says the Greater [priesthood]. Is the office of Elder greater than that of Priest? Yes. But is it the Melchizedek Priesthood as defined by D&C 107 and 84? No, the office of Elder is an appendage to the Melchizedek Priesthood. Here’s another proof:
Wherefore, from deacon to teacher, and from teacher to priest, and from priest to elder, severally as they are appointed, according to the covenants and commandments of the church. Then comes the High Priesthood, which is the greatest of all.
Elder is greater priesthood than Priest, but the High Priesthood (or High Priest) is the greatest of all. I think these nuances in language are important – there is a difference between greater and greatest. Unfortunately for Brigham Young, this part of Section 107 was recorded after Brigham had already been called to be an Apostle. Claiming the apostleship is higher than the High Priesthood is contradicting scripture. But I digress.
It would seem from the scant historical record that Peter ordained Joseph and Oliver to the office Elder, which is an appendage to the Melchizedek Priesthood…enough authority to get the church up and running. The historical record makes it clear that the fullness of the Melchizedek Priesthood was not restored until June 1831.
Here’s some more data points:
Which commandments were given to Joseph Smith, Jun., who was of God, and an of Jesus Christ, to be the of this church; and to Oliver Cowdery, who was also called of God, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to be the elder of this church, and ordained under his hand.
In April 1830, Joseph and Oliver were ordained Elders and Apostles…yet by Joseph’s own account the Melchizedek Priesthood wasn’t restored until June 1831. How could this be?
An is an
An apostle is not higher than a high priest. An apostle does not hold the Melchizedek Priesthood. Remember, the office of Elder is an appendage just like the Aaronic Priesthood is an appendage. Peter holds the keys of the apostleship and the appendage office of Elder. It appears that Peter ordained Joseph and Oliver to that appendage office of Elder/Apostle, but he did not restore the Melchizedek Priesthood.
There is no record designating the time frame when Peter ordained Joseph and Oliver to the appendage office of Elder. It apparently happened after May 15, 1829 and before April 6, 1830.
In June 1829, Oliver Cowdery recorded a revelation he received, which became the Articles of the Church of Christ. In this revelation, the Lord tells Oliver, “I speak unto you even as unto Paul my apostle for ye are called even with that same calling with which he was called.” Oliver concludes his account of the revelation by stating, “Behold I am Oliver. I am an Apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.” I take that as proof that Peter had conferred the office of Elder on Joseph and Oliver by June 1829.
The office of High Priest, or the Melchizedek Priesthood
As with much of the official LDS history, the explanations for the June 1831 revelation of priesthood are both true and false. SLC will admit that the office of High Priest was introduced here, but claims that despite what was written, the Melchizedek Priesthood had actually already been restored earlier by Peter, James, and John 1829. That is incorrect. As already shown, Peter restored the appendage office of Elder (aka Apostle).
Joseph Smith, History of the Church, 1838
On the 3rd of June, the Elders from the various parts of the country where they were laboring, came in; and the conference before appointed, convened in Kirtland…and the authority of the Melchizedek Priesthood was manifested and conferred for the first time upon several of the Elders.
Let that sink in. The Elders are receiving the authority of the Melchizedek Priesthood for the first time. That means these Elders didn’t previously hold the Melchizedek Priesthood. When you understand that the office of Elder is an appendage, this makes sense.
John Whitmer, History
The Lord made manifest to Joseph that it was necessary that such of the elders as were considered worthy, should be ordained to the high priesthood. The spirit of the Lord fell upon Joseph in an unusual manner…After he had prophesied, he laid his hands upon Lyman Wight to the High Priesthood after the holy order of God.
Lyman Wight, Journal
Here for the first time I saw the Melchizedek priesthood introduced into the church of Jesus Christ as anciently.
John Corrill, A Brief History of the Church of Christ of Latter Day Saints, 1839
The Melchizedek priesthood was then for the first time introduced, and conferred on several of the elders.
Parley Pratt, Autobiography, 1874
Several were then selected by revelation, through President Smith, and ordained to the High Priesthood after the order of the Son of God; which is after the order of Melchizedek. This was the first occasion in which this priesthood had been revealed and conferred upon the Elders in this dispensation, although the office of an Elder is the same in a certain degree, but not in the fulness.
Before his day it was called the Holy , after the of the Son of God. But out of or to the name of the Supreme Being, to avoid the too frequent repetition of his name, they, the church, in ancient days, called that priesthood after Melchizedek, or the Melchizedek Priesthood. All other authorities or offices in the church are to this priesthood.
When you discard the false model of Melchizedek Priesthood taught by the SLC church, this statements all become consistent. The Elders, who possessed only an appendage of the Holy Priesthood, now received the Melchizedek Priesthood, the fullness of the priesthood, for the first time.
The seeds of confusion
Unfortunately, Joseph’s introduction of the term Melchizedek Priesthood occurred during the downgrading of the church, after the fullness of the priesthood had been removed. The appendage office of Elder still existed, and because that was the only vestige of the Melchizedek Priesthood remaining in the church, the term Melchizedek Priesthood began to be used to describe the office of Elder.
On August 28, 1843, Joseph gave a sermon that discussed three priesthoods. According to James Burgess, Joseph said, “Abraham’s priesthood was of greater power than Levi’s, and Melchizedek’s was of greater power than that of Abraham.” According to Franklin Richards, Joseph taught this about the three priesthoods:
1st Levitical which was never able to administer a blessing but only to bind heavy burdens which neither they nor their father able to bear
2nd Abraham’s patriarchal power which is the greatest yet experienced in this church
3rd That of Melchizedek who had still greater power, even power of an endless life
When you realize that the church in 1843 was not the same church in 1831, this statement makes sense. The Church of Christ ceased to exist in 1834. It was replaced by the Church of Latter Day Saints, which morphed into The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in 1838. By 1843, the appendage office of Elder (aka the Abraham’s patriarchal priesthood) was the greatest priesthood experienced in the downgraded church. We have confirmation of this in D&C 124 where the Lord confirms the fullness of the priesthood had already been taken away.
Priesthood Cheat Sheet
|High Priest||Holy Priesthood after the order of the Son of God
|Teacher / Deacon / Levite||Appendages to Aaronic Priesthood|<|endoftext|>"The problem is that today's typical approach to language learning is too intellectual," explains Ralph Warnke, the coordinator of the IST programme-funded FLIC project behind the courses. Slavishly learning the grammar of a language along 'la plume de ma tante' lines does not enable us to speak it, as all too many of us can testify. "Based on our observation of how bilingual children learn languages, we decided to find an easier way for adults to pick up a second tongue," says Warnke.
Warnke is Managing Director and President of MediTECH, a German company that devised Brain-Boy®, a kind of portable game computer that is a highly effective, technology-enabled way of improving the language abilities of dyslexic children, by training them in eight basic language functions such as pitch discrimination and spatial hearing. "For dyslexics, their own language is like a foreign language," explains Warnke. "So that got me thinking, why shouldn't the same approach work with adult language learners?"
FLIC uses a feedback system, equipping learners with a headset (earphones) and microphone, plus a black box (or programme, in the case of the home version), which mixes the sound. When learners begin a FLIC course, they start by reading text while listening to it being pronounced by a model voice in the earphones. Next, they mouth the text while listening to the words ("The brain is working although the voice is silent," explains Warnke). Step three is actually speaking the words out loud.
Then and this is the clever part the system plays back the learner's efforts in one ear, and the model voice in the other ear. "And it doesn't stay in the same ear, but moves from ear to ear, so that inter-hemispheric contact is enhanced," explains Warnke. "Both hemispheres are very important for language learning. The left hemisphere is involved in word recognition, it's the word processor of the brain; but the right hemisphere rules prosody a vital decoding process that uncovers non-explicit shades of meaning."
Using the learner's own voice aids learning, because research shows that we pay most attention to voices like our own. So, in the next stage, FLIC uses this fact by modifying the model voice, blending it with the learner's voice, which has been divided into bands and analysed for speed, pitch, and so on using software developed by Stockholm's KTH, one of the FLIC project's partners. The resulting voice mimics the learner's own, yet has the superior pronunciation of the model voice. "When learners hear this, they experience themselves speaking a foreign language much better than they expected," says Warnke. "They are then happy to keep practising and speaking."
An innovative use of voice techniques is also used to improve vocabulary retention. Learners hear a word in the target language in one ear, and its meaning in their own language in the other ear, simultaneously. "Again, the words and translations switch between the ears, and so the hemispheres," says Warnke.
Learners listen and participate in dialogues, picking up the structure of the language by example, without ever having to endure a grammar lesson. "They absorb the rules naturally, which is exactly how small children learn languages," says Warnke. "FLIC gives people an internal pattern of a language that they don't get with other systems."
After three years in development and testing, the FLIC trials are currently being evaluated by the University of Sheffield, UK, and full results are expected in May.
"The testing phase took place in five different sites in three countries: France, Germany and Italy," explains Warnke. "Beginners, intermediate and advanced groups took courses of between 24 and 48 total hours, while control groups took conventional courses. Preliminary findings indicate that FLIC cuts language learning time by 50 per cent." Acceptance of the method was high, among both students and teachers. So far, FLIC offers courses in English, German, and Italian, but other languages can easily be added.
Warnke hopes to commercialise the product in the near future, pointing out that its availability as both software and hardware make it suitable for individuals (home users) as well as groups (language schools).
MediTECH Electronic GmbH
Source: Based on information from FLIC
Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.<|endoftext|>A little off the typical subject for this blog, but I wanted to take a few minutes to talk about actually teaching ESL. Teaching English is a great way to live in a new country, and experience a new culture.
Teaching can be full of challenges. I have been very lucky this year, finding a school that I like, and a boss that has a similar philosophy to mine. It makes it very easy to plan lessons. One of the most important things I do is play games and make activities for my students.
For a game to work in my classroom it has to follow two general rules:
- There has to be a little bit of luck involved. No class has students that are all at the exact same level. So, I refuse to play any game that the smartest kid will win every time. All games that I play have some bit of luck, chance, or strategy. Similarly, I like to put kids in groups if possible. Especially in Korea, I feel like group work is a challenge in itself for students.
- The games that I play are usually not focused on perfecting grammar or pronunciation. For my classes, games are a way to have a good time, in a stress free environment. It is a time students can try things without fear of being incorrect.
Ok, here are some games that I play a lot:
A delightfully easy game, that is especially popular with younger elementary students. Every one of my classes premiddle school loves this game. And my middle schoolers are 50/50. This game is best with 6+ students.
Concentration uses a 4 beat rhythm (slap, clap, snap, snap) and has a tune to sing at the beginning:
Concentration has begun
Keep the rhythm
Beat wise it’s:
con*cen*tra*tion/Concen*tration*has*begun/keep*the*rhy*thm/(pause) (pause) don’t*stop
The first beat being a slap on the table or lap, second a clap, third a snap with the right hand, and fourth a snap with the left hand.
The easiest way to play is with the students names. So after the song, there would be a slap clap and then the first person says their name on
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12 | 2 | 0 |
presence of diverse vegetation, five Phytophagus pest beetles were recorded, two pest-feeding species, and five species of decomposers suggest that they were evenly distributed in different habitats.
The second most diverse family was Carabidae, representing a total of nine species. These beetles are increasingly used as a taxonomic study group in biodiversity and as bio-indicators in monitoring or site assessment studies for nature conservation purposes (Ghahari et al. 2010). Four predator species were found in the study that were feeding on small insects and larvae suggesting population of pest species are high due to which Carabids were found more. So an appreciable number of ground beetles in Vadodara and its predator habit thus suggest a positive ecological role of these insects. (Koivula, 2011; Thakkar and Parikh, 2016).
Leaf beetles or Chrysomelidae are considered to be one of important pest family due to their phytophagous feeding habits (Ding et al. 2007; Meissle et al. 2009). In the present study, eight species were reported making it the third most diverse family. Among all, the highest number of Phytophagus pest species was recorded (six) in this family. Furthermore, the remaining data obtained suggests it biological control activity. Hence, feeding characteristic and their high abundance makes them an important component of the food webs and a major component of herbivore guilds as well as an important food component for higher trophic organisms (Sánchez-Reyes et al. 2014).
Tenebrionidae is one more family having the highest number of stored grain pest. Stored product insects have a large economic impact on stored bulk grains and processed commodities. These insects can survive on small amounts of food that accumulate in inaccessible places. (Campbell and Arbogast, 2004). It is estimated that over-all damage caused by stored grain pest account for 10–40% loss annually (Mishra and Tripathi, 2011). The beetles found in this family showed more or less Phytophagus pest habit. Example of tenebrionid species includes Tribolium castaneum, feeds on flour, cereals, meals, crackles’, beans, spices, pasta, etc. (Weston and Rattingourd, 2000). Due to their nocturnal habit, small size, and their burrowing tendency that may have led to less number of Tenebrionidae in this study.
Families like Buprestidae, Apionidae, Lampyridae, and Gyrinidae were very less diverse as beetles of these families are very habitat specific. Hence, in the present study, the less number sighted could be because habitat species studies were not carried out. Buprestidae (jewel beetles) and Meloidae beetles are found nearby flowering plants suggesting their ecological role as pollinators. Gyrinids are water beetle so availability of water determines their presence. A single species of Apionidae family which was collected is Apion clavipes and is considered to be a pest of Pigeon pea (Bandyopadhyay et al. 2009). In case of Elateridae, they were commonly sighted under the bark of the trees. Phytophagus individuals were found on feeding large variety of crops, resulting in damage to seeds, roots, stems, and harvestable plant parts, which can facilitate secondary crop damage by pathogens.
Coccinellidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionidae families were represented by total of 11 species in the study area. However, as these groups of coleopterans are usually considered to be the harmful one and at no time or place, they were reported to be in aggregation that can lead to the serious problem. Hence, the reported harmful groups of coleopterans are comparatively less. Although records of beetles as habitat indicator are common, however, most of the species collected in this work hold up huge alteration in the environmental factors and there is no substitution of species along with the diversification of the habitat (Spector & Ayzama, 2005; Scheffler 2005; Da Silva et al. 2010). Thus, at this point, it is difficult to comment on their habitat distribution and ecophysiological nature of the studied beetles.
The vast number of insect species are often exceedingly difficult to recognize using only morphological approach (Witt et al. 2006) and thus creates an insurmountable barrier for cataloging total biodiversity by only traditional taxonomy (Blaxter 2004; Pentinsaari et al. 2014), for which morphological identification have fallen short and the DNA barcoding has filled the gap (Bourke et al. 2013; Laurito et al. 2013). Several scientists are now using DNA-barcoding to understand the biodiversity of insects (Hebert et al. 2003; Hajibabaei et al. 2007). In line with this, the present study was focused on barcoding of 12 species on the basis of its habit, number, previously known literature, and its controversial status (Yuan et al. 2016), where barcoding and sequence analysis were totally based on mitochondrial COI. The selection of this marker is based on its low rate of mutation caused by habitat-specific adaptive radiation (Raupach et al. 2010) and so that a concrete phylogenetic tree is constructed of the selected species using standard models (lanfear et al. 2014).
Scarabaeidae considered to be one of the important family in Coleoptera as discussed above was found to be monophyletic to Elateridae, Buprestidae, Lampyridae, and Histeridae. The barcoding of X. jamaicensis and O. nasicora illustrated very less paired-wise distance indicating its phylogenetic closeness. Both the species had almost the same morphological characteristics, i.e., both have horns, similar size, thoracic, and abdominal hairs making it controversial for identification (Dechambre and Lachaume, 2001). However, in the present report, barcoding of these species revealed that both of them belong to individual tribe and genus. Similarly, Carabidae was found to be monophyletic to Gyrinidae; however, it shared homology with Dytiscidae. Species-level phylogeny showed P. albipes and C. maderae showed least paired-wise distance compared to Pheropsophus sp. This is the first study which shows the phylogenetic distance among these species of this family.
Moreover, Gyrinidae was found to be monophyletic to Dytiscidae and polyphyletic to Carabidae. During the present investigation, only G. natator was found as a representative of Gyrinidae and was closest to Eretes sp. belonging from Dytiscidae, suggesting that both shares ancestral characteristics of the clade (Yuan et al. 2016). Similarly, Tenebrionidae was polyphyletic to Cerambycidae and Chrysomelidae. However, it was found to be monophyletic to Meloidae (lanfear et al. 2014). The sister clade of B. rufomaculata, O. bipunctata, and Mesostena sp. was showing lowest pairwise distance to Trachysida sp., P. fuscicornis, and Gonocephalum sp. respectively. Our study is parallel with previous established molecular and morphological studies. (Caterino et al. 2002; Hunt et al. 2007; Pons et al. 2010; Lawrence et al. 2011; Bocak et al. 2014).
GC and AT% provided the evidence of two suborders, Adephaga and Polyphaga. Our results account for the fact that Scarabaeidae forms sister clade with Elateridae, Lampyridae, Buprestidae, and Histeridae. Correspondingly, Carabidae with Dytiscidae and Gyrinidae, Chrysomelidae with Cerambycidae, Tenebrionidae with Meloidae, Curculionidae, and Coccinellidae. Our studies were incongruent with earlier mitochondrial genomes studies of Yuan et al. (2015a, b, 2016).
Despite optimistic views, the taxonomic impediment remains the main concern and thus demands an urgent need for comprehensive biodiversity assessments due to biodiversity crises: the risk of human activity causing mass extinction. Thus, barcoding can accelerate the process of taxonomic inventory. In conclusion, the present study incorporates genetical, morphological, and ecological data which specify its species distribution, richness, and diversity in different sites of Vadodara, Gujarat, and the phylogeny derived from present study unravels the status of unknown species of Coleoptera:
(Adephaga(Gyrinidae+ (Dytiscidae++ Carabidae))
(Polyphaga(Histeridae+Buprestidae+Lampyridae+Elateridae+(Scarabaeidae+(Coccinelidae+ Apionidae+Cucurlionodae+ (Meloidae+Tenebrionidae+(Cerambycidae+Chrysomelidae))))))
Thus, from this study, it can be derived that Scarabidae are the most diverse group of beetles in and around Vadodara, and pest status of beetles are high due to several adaptations. Thus, we suggest further studies are needed to understand the ecophysiological role of different beetle families.
Barcode Of Life Data System
Interactive Tree of life
Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis
Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I
Polymerase chain reaction
Phylogenetic Tree Generator
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Greenstone, M. H., Rowley, D. L., Heimbach, U., Lundgren, J. G., Pfannenstiel, R. S., & Rehner, S. A. (2005). Barcoding generalist predators by polymerase chain reaction: carabids and spiders. Molecular Ecology, 14, 3247–3266.
Gullan, P. J., & Cranston, P. (2010). Insect systematics: Phylogeny and classification. The Insects: An Outline of Entomology, (fourth ed., pp. 189–222). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hajibabaei, M., Singer, G. A., Hebert,
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Royal Archaeological Institute of Great Britain.
With Sophia as his right-hand woman, his excavation of Troy began in 1871 – the time of the C2. He then unearthed Troy and, with it, a massive gold treasure. Not that he kept the gold for himself. He wanted it to remain in Greece. (Finally went to the Pergamon Museum in Berlin – only to be removed by the Soviet Army in 1945. They are now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, but are still a subject of international dispute.) Where he had lost everything – his further education, his father and all financial security at the C1, he found abundant inner and outer riches at the C2: family, fortune and fame.
That he was a force to be reckoned with in his work came in part from Pluto in the 6th house, fired up by his emotional ego in getting the bigger picture, as suggested by the Pluto/Moon square in his chart. Sure, he didn’t have the formal education the academics demanded of someone who had so much to say about ancient Greek civilisations, but his heart – the Moon – was in the right place, in Gemini in the 9th house ruled by Jupiter with its ever expanding horizons and knowledge based on first-hand experience rather than theory. At the Age Point/Moon conjunction in 1872, he experienced everything his heart desired.
His achievement-oriented expansiveness – Jupiter in Aries – was constantly kept in check by the great teacher, Saturn who is conjunct Jupiter. This is reflected both in his financial adventures, the details of which he preferred to handle himself, as well as in his archaeological adventures which were constantly questioned by the more learned. And as Schliemann was a self-educated man, it took some time before qualified Archaeologists and Historians gave him credit for his discoveries.
There is a wide gap spanning the 9th, 10th and 11th houses in Schliemann’s chart and indeed, from 1872 onwards his centre was exposed to many attacks. His excavations began before archaeology had developed as a professional field and he opened himself up to unending criticism for almost two decades, which included the AP opposing the four planets around the IC. Not only were his activities often interfered with or even stopped by Turkish and Greek authorities. Academics in Archaeology and History also questioned his methods. Had he not destroyed other proof with his unconventional approach? Was the ‘palace’ he discovered really that of Priam in Troy? Were the gold objects he showed in his many books not made by a local jeweller and passed off as genuine articles?
Schliemann published his findings in 1874, in ‘Trojan Antiquities’, but this publicity backfired when the Turkish government revoked his permission to dig and sued him for a share of the gold. These objections did not stop him as both his Jupiter and Saturn are fired up by his Sun, but he had to fight hard, and had many setbacks, to be considered an authority in his area,
His many writings – 11 books in total, published from 1867 to 1885 – were also criticised by scholars in Greece, Germany and Great Britain. Their sledge-hammer attacks used disparaging words, such as ‘untrained’, ‘false and fraudulent’ and called him a ‘pretender’ and ‘an enthusiast, rather than a scholar.’ There were also years of court cases because of his removal of gold treasures from Troy, not to keep for himself, but to give to Greece.
Only when his AP in 1887 had reached Mars at the end of the 11th house, was his centre less exposed to constant assaults on his thinking, his methods of excavation and his qualifications. He now felt less of an outsider and finally received the recognition he wanted, particularly from like-minded people in Great Britain, doing his Mars proud.
After his final diggings which ended 1890, Schlieman developed a chronic ear infection which was operated on in France, but would become fatally inflamed. This did not stop his travels: he went to Leipzig, Berlin, and Paris. Too sick to make the boat ride from Naples to Greece, he managed to make a journey to the ruins of Pompeii. But his strong cardinal drive could take him no further. He died in Naples in 1890 when he was 68. His dream to excavate Knossos evanesced with his Being.<|endoftext|>↓ Guarda le Informazioni dello Chef
Per la preparazione di questa Ricetta :
Preriscaldare il forno a 160 ° C/140 ° C .
Utilizzando un miscelatore elettrico, sbattere il burro, lo zucchero e la vaniglia per qualche minuto. Setacciare la farina nel composto miscelato prima. Mescolare con un cucchiaio di legno fino a impasto morbido.
Fare con un cucchiaio circa 32 palline e metterle su due teglie preparate con carta forno, lasciando tra loro dello spazio.
Con una forchetta infarinata appiattire ogni biscotto fino a 1 cm di spessore. Cuocere per 15 a 20 minuti o fino a doratura. Raffreddare per 10 minuti e trasferire in una rastrelliera per raffreddarsi completamente.
Nel frattempo, fare il riempimento utilizzando un miscelatore elettrico e sbattere il burro, lo zucchero e la scorza di limone in una ciotola fino a rendere il composto cremoso.
Stendere sulla parte piatta di metà biscotti con 2 cucchiaini di riempimento. Unire a Sandwich con l’altra metà dei biscotti. Ripetere l’operazione con tutti i biscotti.<|endoftext|>近日，市场调研公司DisplaySearch发布了2010年第一季度全球电视出货报告，平板电视总量、液晶电视、等离子电视的出货量同比均出现大幅增长，甚至连CRT电视也放缓了下降速度。
分析人士认为，世界杯的举行对全球电视机销售量起到了正面刺激作用。今年一季度全球电视机出货量达到5500万台，同比增长50%;其中液晶电视出货量超过了4000万台，同比增长50%;等离子电视出货量同比上升21%增至340万台;CRT电视在2009年平均出货下降速度达到了40%，但本季度的下降速度收窄到21%。
LED背光电视占据了液晶电视总出货量的8%，收入份额超过了17%。这其中大部分为侧入式LED背光电视，而且50寸以上LED背光电视占据总LED背光电视出货量的35%，40寸以下机型还不到4%。
电视厂商方面，三星依旧继续领跑，收入份额达到21.9%。三星在2009年主要推广LED背光电视，进入2010年后则主打3D电视，迅速反应的市场把握和及时推出全面的产品阵容使得三星出货量一直稳步增长。
(责任编辑：GH)<|endoftext|>Wednesday 27th January 2021
Home Learning Wednesday 27th January 2021
Activity 6- making playdough characters
Watch the three little pigs to remind you of the story. Can you make a little pig family from play dough?
Activity 7 – making a house for the pig
Can you build a model of a house that you think would stay standing when the big bad wolf huffed and puffed? You could try blowing it with a hair dryer to test it out!
Activity 8 - Wolves
Watch this video all about wolves. Questions to ask: What do you think of the character of the wolf in the story? Is he a good or bad character? How does he make you feel? Did you enjoy the facts about wolves? Would you like a pet wolf or pig and why?
1. Draw a picture of the wolf in the story.
2. Complete some of the activities attached to the tapestry observation entitled activity 8 wolves.
3. Watch and sing along to this.
4. Listen to Mrs Fox tell a different version of the Three little pigs.<|endoftext|>رئیس سازمان فرهنگی، اجتماعی و ورزشی شهرداری از برگزاری جشن بزرگداشت شب یلدا در بیرجند به همت این سازمان خبر داد.
به گزارش مدیریت ارتباطات و امور بین الملل شهرداری بیرجند؛ مهندس محمد رضا قلاسی مود پنجشنبه شب گذشته در حاشیه برگزاری این جشن که با همکاری شرکت خدمات مسافرتی و جهانگردی میناب سیر شرق برگزار شد اظهار داشت: با کمک پرسنل سازمان تلاش کردیم تا در این جشن با برگزاری برنامه های شاد و مفرح در کنار شهروندان بیرجندی، فضایی پرنشاط و صمیمی را ایجاد کنیم.
وی با اشاره به ویژه برنامه های این سازمان در شب یلدای سال جاری اضافه کرد: ایجاد شور و نشاط در جامعه، حفظ و انتقال فرهنگ غنی گذشتگان و همچنین معرفی هنرمندان، فرهیختگان و پتانسیل های شهر، از اهداف برگزاری این جشن باستانی می باشد.
وی اجرای موسیقی سنتی، استندآپ کمدی، مسابقه حافظ خوانی، کف زنی، موسیقی پاپ و … را از جمله برنامه های برگزار شده در این جشن اعلام کرد.
قلاسی مود برگزاری این جشن ها را سبب نهادینه کردن آداب و رسوم و آیین کهن ایران زمین در میان نسل جدید دانست و افزود: شب یلدا زمان مناسبی برای تقویت و تحکیم بنیان خانواده ها و ارتباط و تعامل رو در روی بیشتر آن ها می باشد.
لازم به ذکر است این جشن در محل هتل کوهستان و با حضور 250 نفر برگزار گردید.<|endoftext|>Bu Ekran Mockup Paketi hızlı bir şekilde dijital cihazlarınız için vitrin tasarımları ve düzenleri görüntülemenize olanak sağlar.
Akıllı katmanlar ile hızlı ekran değiştirilmesini sağlar. Eğer akıllı katmanı güncellerseniz, o ekranda çalışan tüm cihazlar anında güncellenir! Böylece siz ekran üzerine resim yerleştirmekle uğraşmazsınız.
Bu paket 12 cihaz içerir:
- 4 iPad
- 4 iPhone
- 3 Apple iMac
- 1 MacBook
Tek PSD dosyasında, 10 tane örnekle birlikte tüm orijinal cihazlar mevcut.
Kırpma veya katman maskelemeye gerek yok. Her şey otomatik olarak yapılır.
Nasıl yapıldığını öğrenmek için aşağıdaki videoyu izleyin:<|endoftext|>Il figlio di Britney Spears, Jayden Federline, ha versato un po 'di tè sul potenziale stato della carriera musicale di sua madre, oltre a come si sente per suo nonno Jamie Spears.
Prendendo Instagram Live martedì (4 marzo), Jayden ha avuto molto da dire sulla mamma Britney, anche se al momento ha trascorso molto più tempo di suo padre Kevin Federline.
"La visiterò tra un paio di settimane perché sto con mio padre in questo momento. Sto andando abbastanza bene", ha detto Jayden durante il suo streaming. Quando la conversazione si rivolse a Britney che potenzialmente lavorava su nuova musica, tuttavia, ebbe alcune notizie molto interessanti (e potenzialmente inquietanti) per i fan.
"In realtà, non l'ho vista fare molta musica", ha detto Jayden della carriera di sua madre. "Ricordo che una volta le ho chiesto, 'Mamma, che fine ha fatto la tua musica? Ed è stata come' Non lo so tesoro, penso che potrei lasciarlo. ' E io ero tipo, "Cosa? Cosa stai dicendo? Sai quanta banca guadagni quella roba?"
CORRELATO: Anche Britney Spears diventa insicuro a volte
Secondo Jayden, se raggiunge i 5.000 follower di Instagram, verrà ripulito con tutta la sua storia. Naturalmente, nulla di tutto questo deve essere confermato a meno che non provenga dalla stessa Britney, ma è certamente qualcosa da considerare, soprattutto dato che Britney aveva precedentemente fatto onde con il suo tour a Las Vegas e un nuovo progetto imminente che era uscita quando suo padre si era ammalato.<|endoftext|>It’绝对是时候，我提供了有关头发护理程序的最新信息。一世’我以前从未写过关于洗发水和护发素的特定博客文章，但我列出了我的家人’s choices in my 零浪费家庭的完整指南。我没有的原因之一’到目前为止，专门针对此主题撰写博客文章是因为我’我从未真正对我的结果感到满意’我尝试过。我的丈夫和孩子只用水，偶尔用肥皂洗，但旅途却很忙’t been that easy.
四年前，我开始尝试从第二天每天用常规洗发水和护发素清洗到直接用水避免塑料瓶和减少体内的化学物质。我坚持了三个月，但没有’注意油腻性没有任何改善。我不能’不再服用了，所以我大约每周一次开始使用本地制造的洗发水吧。这好多了，但是大约一年后，我的头发似乎变得非常干燥和卷曲，所以我转而使用稀释的碳酸氢钠苏打水和稀释的醋（我的自制康普茶醋）漂洗的方法。那不是’t so bad but it wasn’轻而易举地实施其中之一。我持续了两年左右，但我的头发又再次卷曲–然后我注意到了气味！
许多人会在网上争辩说，没有用洗发水和护发素洗过的头发有异味或没有异味。我可以告诉你我的头发和头皮长了‘natural’闻起来不愉快。我不能’仅在天气潮湿或潮湿且我运动活跃时，才一直闻到气味。如果我能闻到它，其他人也必须也能闻到它，也许比我注意到的更多。一世’我已经意识到自己的头发了，我有脱发症，所以这是我的最后一根稻草，我出去买了一瓶洗发水和护发素。
有趣的是，我的女儿也散发出这种气味，而他们大多只用水洗，而男孩却没有。’t。我给刚满八岁的女儿给了洗发水和护发素，令我惊讶的是，她不知道该怎么办或如何使用它！即使她的头发从未真正用洗发水和护发素洗过，我还是认为她会从电视，朋友或亲戚那里学到的。
我没有’回到瓶装洗发水和护发素的感觉很好，所以我环顾四周，寻找与洗发水和护发素的体验尽可能相近的东西，但对地球和人来说却更好。 伦理 在纸上（或更准确地说在网页上）对我来说显然是赢家，但它在现实生活中表现良好吗？
伦理酒吧是用 100% 自然ly derived ingredients。这意味着它们不含对羟基苯甲酸酯，石油副产品，棕榈油（及其衍生物），合成香料，甲醛供体等。 伦理酒吧还不含塑料（包装可堆肥），植物性和纯素食，公平贸易和残酷性。
他们’易于使用，请查看下面的视频，与洗发水和护发素基本相同，只不过其中的水分已被去除，使其成为浓缩棒而不是一瓶液体。
我的第一批Ethique洗发水和护发素条于2019年5月到达，并持续到2020年1月。’这是我赚钱的好方法，现在我对头发的外观和感觉感到非常满意。气味也很快消失，并被可爱的香气所取代。
这次我决定订购洗发水吧，损害控制–普通干发（110克）和护发素 太好吃了–超级保湿（60克），并且也喜欢这些。
我们将金条存放在浴室窗台上的盒子上，该窗台就在淋浴旁边，很方便，使它们在使用之间变干，使用寿命更长。
我的女儿大部分时间要用水清洗，偶尔也要用这些肥皂清洗。她的气味也消失了，当她从第一次上学营回来时，她评论说酒吧比其他所有人带来的大瓶洗发水和护发素要好得多，因为它们占用的空间更少，而且更容易携带。好点，我必须同意，因为我也发现它们是旅行和露营旅行的更好选择。
让我知道您是否有任何疑问，或查看 伦理 网站以了解更多信息。一世’已经测试了很多Ethique’的产品，所以您’我可能很快就会听到更多有关这些的信息。<|endoftext|>WES April 13th - 17th 2020
Monday, April 14th 2020 – Read & Draw
Keep reading on the sites you are able to get on: audio.com; getepic.com; or scholastic.com about families or friends. Read magazines, newspapers, or books that you have at home.
Pre-K through 2nd Grade: Mrs. Vaughn will be reading a Pete the Cat book to you…watch for the link
3rd & 4th Grade: Read a Book or listen to a book on audio.com or EPIC.com or scholastic.com about families or friends.
5th & 6th Grade: If possible, read, A Bridge to Terabithia on Epic.
If unable to read on Epic, here is a link for the book on YouTube:
Pre-K – 6th grade: 2 different art projects to do with your family. 1. You will need a coffee cup and some string. You can fill your coffee cup 1/2 way with bird seed, crushed crackers or loaf bread pulled into tiny pieces.
2. Younger students can trace their hand and have parents or an older brother or sisters help with the drawing! These are so neat! I hope you have fun with this!!!
You tube: 10 Drawings from numbers for kids
Tuesday, April 30th 2020 Time Capsule Writing
Write about your Family and Friends (so you have a memory in time about this school year).
Pre-K: Draw 10 eggs on a piece of paper. Parents write one color word under each from flash cards. Have child trace the color word and color the eggs the correct color.
Kindergarten: Write two to three sentences about what you did during Easter and draw a picture too.
1st & 2nd Grade: Create either by drawing or making a cut out of how they can Be a Rainbow in a Friends cloud and how they can Be a Rainbow in a Family members cloud.
3rd Grade: Write a letter to a family member telling them how much they mean to you. Tell them what you love the most about them
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aspects of acute cellular Ca2+ regulation related to cardiac excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. CaMKII phosphorylates sarcoplasmic reticulum57 proteins including the ryanodine receptors (RyR2) and phospholamban (PLB)57. Contractile dysfunction develops with hypertrophy characterizes heart failure PF-04971729 and is associated with changes in cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis 58. CaMKII expression and activity are altered PF-04971729 in the myocardium of rat models of hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy59 and heart failure 60 and in cardiac tissue from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy61. Several transgenic mouse models have confirmed a role for CaMK in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertrophy develops in transgenic mice that overexpress CaMKIV 62 but this isoform is not detectable in the heart and CaMKIV knockout mice still develop hypertrophy following transverse aortic constriction (TAC) 63. CaMKII regulates expression of several hypertrophic marker genes including ANF64 BNP65 h-MHC66 and a-skeletal actin61. The PF-04971729 nuclear localization signal of CaMKIIδB was shown to be required for this hypertrophic response as transfection of CaMKIIδC did not result in enhanced ANF expression67 68 MEF2 has been suggested to act as a common endpoint for hypertrophic signaling pathways in the myocardium 66 and studies using CaMKIV transgenic mice crossed with MEF2 indicator mice suggest that MEF2 is a downstream target for CaMKIV 69. Recent studies have demonstrated that MEF2 can interact with class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) a family of transcriptional repressors as well as with other repressors that limit MEF2-dependent gene expression. Notably constitutively turned on CaMKIV have already been proven to activate MEF2 by phosphorylating and dissociating HDACs resulting PF-04971729 in its following nuclear PF-04971729 export 70. VI.?CaMKs AND Irritation Sepsis is a particular type of web host inflammatory response to infection that hails from massive and wide-spread discharge of pro-inflammatory mediators. Bacterial endotoxins such as for example LPS will be the main offending elements in sepsis that activate TLR-mediated signaling to create inflammatory response that’s amplified within a self-sustaining way. You can find meny evidences of the relationship between multifunctional CaM kinases and TLR-4 signaling. CaMKII directly phosphorylates the different parts of TLR promotes and signaling cytokine creation in macrophages71. Go with activation is an established element in the pathogenesis of sepsis also. Inhibition from the go with cascade decreases irritation and boosts mortality in pet versions51. Differentiation and success of antigen delivering dendritic cells (DC) uponTLR-4 activation needs CaMKIV72. DC from CaMKIV?/?mice didn’t survive upon LPS-mediated TLR-4 induction. Ectopic expression of CaMKIV could rescue this defect However. In another research the selective inhibition of CaMKII interfered with terminal differentiation of monocyte-derived DCs by stopping up-regulation of co-stimulatory and MHC II substances aswell as secretion of cytokines induced by TLR-4 agonists73. Hence CaM kinases appear to play an over-all function in inflammatory procedures VII.?CONCLUSIONS CaMKs define a family group of ser-thr kinases that direct an array of cellular procedures and cell destiny decisions. Since their breakthrough a lot of the concentrate has been on the regulation of storage and learning. Lately studies on CaMKII and CaMKIV signaling in a number of cell models have established the importance of the Ca2+-CaM-CaMKK-CaMKs pathways in effecting proliferation survival differentiation and associated molecular events. Intriguing new findings also indicate that although the two kinases might share some substrates there is specificity in.
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is independently connected with an elevated risk for cardiovascular illnesses that’s primarily because of the early advancement of advanced atherosclerotic vascular adjustments. length since T2DM analysis was a decade 70 had Rabbit polyclonal to KLF4. been females and 79% hypertensives while just 10% got a glycated hemoglobin <7%. FMD was favorably connected with NMD (r 0.391 P?0.001) while PWV was inversely connected with FMD (r -0.218 P?=?0.014) and NMD (r -0.309 P?0.001). Period since analysis of diabetes was the solitary 3rd party predictor of FMD (β -0.40 P?=?0.003). Improved age group and fasting blood sugar and the current presence of hypertension had been 3rd party predictors of reduced NMD (P?0.001). Improved age group and systolic blood circulation pressure had SRT3109 been independently connected with improved PWV (P?0.001). Conclusions In T2DM individuals impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation was individually associated just with much longer diabetes length while no association with additional established risk elements was found SRT3109 out. Vascular soft muscle dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness were more prominent in older T2DM patients with hypertension. Worse glycemic control was associated with impaired vascular smooth muscle function. value of <0.05 was considered significant. The observed power for the multiple regression analysis given the observed probability level (<0.05) the number of predictors the observed R2 and the sample size was approximately 85% for FMD and 99% for both NMD and PWV. The SPSS statistical software package (version 15.0 for Windows SPSS Inc. Chicago IL USA) was used. Results Characteristics of subjects with T2DM are presented in Table ?Table1.1. Median age of our population was 66 SRT3109 years and median time since the diagnosis of diabetes was 10 years. Most of our patients were females (70%) hypertensives (79%) and hypercholesterolemic (91%) with suboptimal control of systolic blood pressure (146±15 mmHg i.e. 68% had systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and only 5% had diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg) and LDL-c (3.4±0.9 mmol/L i.e. 82% had an LDL-c >2.6 mmol/L) while 46% of the total population were obese (BMI >30 kg/m2). Good glycaemic control (HbA1c <7%) was observed in 10% of our patients. Table 1 Characteristics of the studied human population (n?=?165) Inside our human population FMD was positively connected with NMD (r 0.391 P?0.001) while PWV was inversely connected with FMD (r ?0.218 P?=?0.014) and NMD (r ?0.309 P?0.001). The organizations between your vascular indices and additional researched parameters are demonstrated in Table ?Desk22 (continuous factors) and Desk ?Desk33 (categorical variables). In multivariate evaluation (Desk ?(Desk4) 4 improved duration of diabetes was found out to be the solitary 3rd party predictor of reduced FMD (R2 0.05 P?=?0.003) while increased age group and fasting blood sugar as well while the current presence of hypertension were individual predictors of decreased NMD (R2 0.16 P?0.001). Improved age group and SBP had been independently connected with improved PWV (R2 0.25 P?0.001) (Desk ?(Desk44). Desk 2 Organizations between vascular measurements (FMD NMD and PWV) and additional continuous guidelines in univariate evaluation Table 3 Organizations of vascular measurements (FMD NMD and PWV) with categorical guidelines Desk 4 Determinants of vascular measurements (FMD NMD and PWV) in multivariate evaluation Discussion In today's research in T2DM individuals indices of vascular function had been found to become inter-related recommending that they most likely reveal overlapping pathophysiological areas of the vascular atherosclerotic harm in T2DM individuals. Further SRT3109 to the locating markers of endothelial function (FMD) soft muscle tissue cell function (NMD) and huge artery tightness (PWV) had been shown to talk about common correlates. Old age much longer duration of diabetes and treatment with insulin had been connected with all markers of vascular dysfunction although each marker were independently connected with particular distinct parameters. Previous SRT3109 studies comparing patients with T2DM to healthy controls have shown that T2DM is an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction [14 16 17 The greater cardiovascular mortality risk observed in T2DM patients has been mainly attributed to vascular endothelial SRT3109 dysfunction . In T2DM patients without macrovascular or microvascular disease we found that endothelial dysfunction as assessed by reduced brachial artery FMD was independently associated only with the duration of diabetes; for every 10 years of diabetes FMD is reduced by approximately 1.0% (in absolute FMD values). Previous studies have shown significant.
Apoptotic death of alveolar macrophages noticed during lung infection with is thought to limit overwhelming lung inflammation in response to bacterial challenge. the introduction of novel antibiotic-independent healing strategies is certainly urgently had a need to reduce the disease burden connected with pneumococcal attacks from the lung. For their pivotal function in bacterial phagocytosis and orchestration of innate immune system replies to bacterial attacks Trichostatin-A alveolar macrophages represent the initial type of lung defensive immunity against inhaled (Calbo and Garau 2010 Recruited neutrophils support macrophages in lung bacterial clearance during set up pneumonia (Knapp et al. 2003 Herbold et al. 2010 Calbo and Garau 2010 and citizen alveolar and lung macrophages along with inflammatory recruited exudate macrophages critically donate to quality of lung irritation (Knapp et al. 2003 Wintertime et al. 2007 A significant feature of mice display elevated mortality and reduced bacterial clearance upon problem with mice challenged with two different strains of mice confirmed a significantly elevated mortality in accordance with WT mice after infections with serotype 19 (Fig. 1 A). Likewise there was considerably elevated mortality of mice after infections with extremely virulent serotype 2 weighed against WT mice (unpublished data). Based on the noticed elevated mortality mice exhibited main flaws in purging bacterial plenty of in lung distal airspaces (Fig. 1 C and B. Specifically we noticed a dramatic outgrowth of pneumococci in the lungs of mice at 24 h until 72 h after infections Mouse monoclonal to FGB whereas WT mice could actually control bacterial pass on in lung distal airspaces. In keeping Trichostatin-A with the elevated mortality and reduced control of infections mice displayed considerably elevated lung leakage on time 2 after pneumococcal infections weighed against WT mice (Fig. 1 D). Jointly these data present that Path is certainly indispensible for success of pneumococcal lung infections in mice. Body 1. Aftereffect of Path on success and bacterial clearance in mice contaminated with mice had been contaminated with (107 CFU/mouse). Success on the indicated period points after contamination (A; = 10 mice per group) … triggers increased TRAIL mRNA and protein expression in the lungs of mice To determine how the kinetics of TRAIL expression relate to the extent of the bacterial infection we next analyzed TRAIL mRNA and protein expression in the lungs of (Fig. 2 A and B). Moreover TRAIL protein levels in BAL fluids increased ～4-fold over background (0 h) levels at 24 h after contamination (Fig. 2 C). These data illustrate that TRAIL is usually induced in the lungs of WT mice challenged with (107 CFU/mouse). At the indicated time points mice were … The observed differences in mortality and bacterial loads between WT and mice could be explained by differences in immune cell recruitment into the infected lungs. Thus we next examined alveolar leukocyte recruitment in WT and mice infected with mice responded with a significant depletion of resident alveolar macrophages in their bronchoalveolar space after contamination with mice (Fig. 2 E). Notably TRAIL deficiency did not affect alveolar neutrophil recruitment (Fig. 2 F) i.e. when major differences in bacterial loads between WT Trichostatin-A and mice were observed (Fig. 1 B and C). Interestingly the peak of alveolar neutrophil accumulation observed Trichostatin-A in WT mice at 12-24 h after contamination coincided with peak TRAIL mRNA and protein levels in total BAL cells which consisted of >95% neutrophils. Thus these data suggest that primarily alveolar-recruited neutrophils contributed to the observed rise in TRAIL in the lungs of WT mice infected with (Fig. 2 A-C). TRAIL deficiency results in necrotic death of lung macrophages in response to pneumococcal contamination TRAIL induces apoptosis in various target cell populations via DR5 ligation (Falschlehner et al. 2009 Gonzalvez and Ashkenazi 2010 so we next examined the kinetics of BAL fluid macrophage cell death in mice. Alveolar macrophages of WT mice primarily underwent apoptotic cell death peaking by 24 h after contamination whereas alveolar macrophages of mice exhibited a significantly decreased regularity of apoptotic cell loss of life that didn’t substantially increase within the evaluated time frame after infections (Fig. 3 A). In keeping with the noticed reduced apoptosis in alveolar macrophages in vivo purified alveolar macrophages demonstrated decreased caspase 3 activation after problem with in vitro in accordance with WT macrophages (Fig. 3 C). WT macrophages.
History Clinical practice isn’t evidence-based and for that reason might not optimise individual final results generally. methods of professional functionality and/or health final results. Data collection and evaluation Two review writers independently extracted data from each AV-951 scholarly research and assessed its threat of bias. For every trial we computed the median AV-951 risk difference (RD) for conformity with preferred practice changing for baseline where data had been available. The median was reported by us adjusted RD for every of the primary comparisons. Main outcomes We included 18 research involving a lot more than 296 clinics and 318 PCPs. Fifteen research (18 evaluations) contributed towards the calculations from the median modified RD for the main comparisons. The effects of interventions assorted across the 63 results from 15% decrease in compliance to 72% increase in compliance with desired practice. The median modified RD for the main comparisons were: i) Opinion leaders compared to no treatment 0.09 ii) Opinion leaders alone compared to a single intervention 0.14 iii) Opinion leaders with one or more additional treatment(s) compared to the one or more additional treatment(s) 0.1 iv) Opinion leaders as part of multiple interventions compared to no intervention 0.1 Overall across all 18 studies the median adjusted RD was +0.12 representing a 12% total increase in compliance in the treatment group. Authors’ conclusions Opinion leaders alone or in combination with additional interventions may successfully promote evidence-based practice but performance varies both within and between studies. These results are based on heterogeneous studies differing in terms of type of treatment establishing and results measured. In most of the studies the role of the opinion innovator was not clearly described and it is therefore extremely hard to state what the simplest way is normally to optimise the potency of opinion market leaders. AV-951 2009 Concern 1) EPOC Specialised Register (to Apr 2009) MEDLINE Ovid (1966 to Might 2009) EMBASE Ovid (1980 to Might 2009) SIGLE (to Feb 2005) During the revise search in-may 2009 SIGLE was no more being updated therefore we searched the next databases for greyish literature: Social Research Citation Index Internet of Understanding (2005-Might 2009) Research Citation Index Internet of Understanding (2005-Might 2009) Meeting Proceedings Internet of Understanding (2005-Might 2009) Index to Theses (http://www.theses.com/) (2005-Might 2009) WorldCat Dissertations OCLC CLC (2005-Might 2009) HMIC Ovid (2005-Might 2009) Search approaches for principal research incorporated the methodological element of the EPOC search technique coupled with selected index conditions and free text message conditions. We translated the MED-LINE search technique (find Appendix 1) in to AV-951 the various other databases using the correct managed vocabulary as suitable. There have been no language limitations. The first critique author also researched the guide lists of included studies to identify any extra research. Data collection and evaluation Selection of research We sought out randomised controlled studies (RCTs) that examined the potency of the usage of regional opinion market leaders in im-proving the behaviour/practice of health care professionals and/or sufferers final results. Two review writers (GF and Me personally) screened the game titles and abstracts discovered with the digital search. All citations that seemed to assess opinion market leaders in randomised managed trials had been retrieved. Where AV-951 there is any doubt in regards to a study’s eligibility the various other review writers (from GD MG and MO) evaluated each research for eligibility separately and solved discrepancies via debate. Any study defined as possibly eligible after researching its name and abstract but eventually excluded is normally noted in the Features of excluded research’ desk. Data removal and administration Two review writers (from GF ME EP GD MG and MO) extracted data into a revised data extraction form (Appendix 2). Data were reconciled and any disagreements were resolved by conversation. We contacted authors of included studies for additional information. Assessment of risk of bias in included studies We used The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias (Higgins 2008) on six standard criteria: adequate sequence generation concealment of allocation blinded.
X-linked muscular dystrophy is a highly intensifying disease of childhood and seen as a primary hereditary abnormalities in the dystrophin gene. 22 weeks by mass-spectrometry-based proteomics exposed altered expression amounts in 8 specific proteins species. Increased amounts were demonstrated for carbonic anhydrase aldolase and electron moving flavoprotein as the expressions of pyruvate kinase myosin tropomyosin and the tiny temperature shock proteins Hsp27 were discovered to Mouse monoclonal to CD86.CD86 also known as B7-2,is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors.It is expressed at high levels on resting peripheral monocytes and dendritic cells and at very low density on resting B and T lymphocytes. CD86 expression is rapidly upregulated by B cell specific stimuli with peak expression at 18 to 42 hours after stimulation. CD86,along with CD80/B7-1.is an important accessory molecule in T cell costimulation via it’s interaciton with CD28 and CD152/CTLA4.Since CD86 has rapid kinetics of induction.it is believed to be the major CD28 ligand expressed early in the immune response.it is also found on malignant Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg(HRS) cells in Hodgkin’s disease. be reduced in aged muscle. Immunoblotting confirmed age-dependent changes in the density of key muscle proteins in mdx muscle. Thus segmental necrosis in mdx muscle appears to
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5 sirke ile durulama yaptık.
- Sonra normal kafa yıkama şampuanı ya sabun kullanarak.
- GDID'nin kalıntılarını çıkarmak için sık sık bir tarak yapmak gerekir.
- İşlem ne kadar etkili bir şekilde gerçekleştirildi.
Artıları: Düşük maliyetli, iyi etki; Eksileri - hoş olmayan bir koku, kontrendikasyonlar var. 5 yaşın altındaki çocuklar tarafından önerilen 1: 1 kaynatılmış su ile ilgili olarak üretmek için emülsiyonu. 0.3 $ alanında 50 ml şişe fiyatı.
Spreyler
Spreyler (Pediculus, Paranchi, Steam Plus) kullanım için çok uygundur. Kuru saçlara uygulanmaları gerekir, belirli bir süre bekleyin, ardından yıkayın. Ancak dezavantajı, çoğunlukla GDID'yi öldürmemeleridir.
Bu nedenle, önlenmez, bu ana eksidir.
Duruma bağlı olarak, belirli bir yolunu seçmelisiniz. Değerlendirilebilir Kontrendikasyonlar, kendinizi incelemelerle tanışın, tanıdıklar danışın veya foruma isimsiz olarak yazın.
Çok fazla enfeksiyon ile pediküllü ultra kullanılır.
Çift artı çocukları 2,5 yıldır kullanmanız önerilir.
Ana artı spreyler kullanımı çok uygundur.
Pediculus Ultra örneğini kullanarak spreylerin kullanılması için talimatlar:
- GDID ve bit kümesinin yerlerine nemlendiren her saça kadar kuru saçlara uygulayın.
- 30 dakika veya daha fazla bekleyin, talimatlara bakın.
- Akan su ile yıkayın.
- Kafa şampuanını yıkayın.
- Böcekler tarak tamamlandı. Havluyu saçın altına koyun, böylece giysileri ıslatmak ve düşen böcekler üzerinde kalmamıştır ve giysilerden sonra, yıkamadan sonra kıyafetler üzerinde kalmaz.
- Uygun bir ek bir büyüteçtir.
Başladıktan sonra, saçlar temizdir, ancak birkaç gün sonra onları kontrol etmeye değer.
Uygulamadan sonra laça ultra ve inceleme kullanımı için kullanışlı video:
Şampuanlar
Pediculosis'den çok fazla şampu bulunmaktadır: Pedilin, Bit Anti-Bit, Reed, Paracanis, Siphax, Degtyar. Bir işlem için biti kurtulmak için eczaneye gitmeden önce en popüler seçenekleri önceden incelemek daha iyidir.
- Islak kıllara uygulanırlar, köpükte, masaj hareketleri ile çırpılmıştır.
- Halka Kapalı, talimatlara göre, 10-15 dakikaya ihtiyacınız var, ancak pratik gösterildiği gibi, yaklaşık 30-40 dakika tutmak daha iyidir.
Doğru, alerjik reaksiyon riski artacaktır.
- Sonra (bazı durumlarda) başını sıradan şampuanla yıkamak için ve en önemlisi, GDID'yi ve ölü kulağı paylaşan özel tarak.
Anti-pediculosis set anti-peybesi anlamına gelir + şampuan
Pediküloz anti-pediculosis seti - bir pakette hemen 2 fon. Bunlar, paketlemeye inanıyorsanız, bu ilacın toksik olmadığı ve ayrıca insektisitler (zehirler) içermemesi durumunda bu ilaç 90 ml'dir.
Kızın pediculozu bir kereden fazla olan okuldan geldi. % 100'den, sınıfta bir taşıyıcı var. Çocuğun, özellikle kulakların arkasında kafasını çizmeye başladığını fark ettim. İlk defa dikkat etmedi ve sonra kafasını yıkadım ve ona baktım. Bitleri gördüğümde sadece şok oldum. Hemen eczaneye koştu ve bu aracı satın aldı.
Çözüm kuru saça, özellikle kulakların arkasındaki yerlere uygulanmalı ve tüm uzunluk boyunca dağıtılmalıdır. Bir paketle kapladık ve bir slam bağladık.
Daha sonra şampuanla suyla yıkayın, kalan bitleri yapın ve Nisses'i seçin.Nicky'den geri bildirim:
Kendim için, böylece + ve eksileri not ettim.
Eksileri anti-pediculosis seti: Belirli bir aromaya sahiptir, GDID'yi tarayın ve zehirli bitlerin hala tüfek yapması gerekecek, eczanede oldukça yüksek bir fiyat.
Artıları: Ambalajın zehirli ve toksik olmayan bir ajan olmadığına inanıyorsanız, bu uzun süredir anlamına gelir.
Bu ilaç, kullanmanız şartıyla, aynı şey, aynı şeyin taranması ve seçilmesi gerekecektir.
Mekanik yöntem
Parazitlerden kurtulmanın mekanik yöntemi en ucuzdur, ancak aynı zamanda en fazla zaman alıcıdır. Herhangi bir ilacın kullanımını tamamen ortadan kaldırır.
Bu yöntemin artıları:
- bedava;
- güvenli bir şekilde;
- sürekli olarak veya gerekirse uygulanabilir;
- Sürekli kullanım sırasında en iyi sonuçları verir.
- Eksi:
- uzun ve tekrarlamak, böcek sayısına bağlı olarak gereklidir;
- Tarak gerekli olacak, olağan plastik öneririz, sadece yıkayın;
- Büyüteç ve bir lamba ile birleştirmenizi öneririz;
- Saç ne kadar uzun olursa, daha zor ve daha uzun işler.
Stoklamanız gerekiyor:
- sabır;
- yoğun tarak (daha iyi özel);
- iyi lamba;
- büyütme
- Çocuğu sakinleştirme ve rahatlama fırsatını bulun.
Örneğin, en sevdiğiniz karikatürünüzü etkinleştirin.
Kısa saç ve çocuk daha erken, sorunu teşhis etmektir, bu da daha kolay olacaktır.
Sonuçta, günde bir kayıp 4 GDID'den ertelendi!
- Başlamak için, baş sıradan şampuanla yıkanır. İngiliz anahtarı biraz zaman için biraz "uykulu" olacak.
- Ardından, uzun süre izin verirse, saçı bir sakızla sabitleyin, bir iplikçikleri ayırın ve köklerden ipuçlarına (çok önemli).
- Ayrı bir saç tokası altında toplamak için temiz iplikler. Her telden sonra, asil ve bitlerin tepesiyle durulamayı unutmayın.
- Bunu su halkaları altında yapmak, karanfilleri parmaklarıyla yaymak daha iyidir. Çocuğun omuzlarında, bitleri ve nidget'u giysilere girmemek için havluyu atın.
Kesinti prosedürünün, "davetsiz misafirlerin kanalizasyonunda yıkanmasını kolaylaştırmak için banyoda yapılmalıdır.
Evde bir günde, biti ve GND'den tamamen kurtulmak mümkündür, her şeyi kesinlikle talimatlara göre yaparsanız, her saçtan geçip tüm nomları tarar.
Büyüteçten yararlanın - bu bir cihaz hızlandırıcı işlemidir, çünkü büyüteç aracılığıyla bir GDID'yi açıkça görülebilir. Tarak, bitleri ve Nis'da görülmesini kolaylaştırmak için beyaz satın almanızı öneririz.
Ancak, birkaç hafta sonra birkaç dakika önlemiyor ve her şeyin sırayla olduğundan emin olmak için çocuğun başını görüyor.
En az birinin saçta kalmak güzel olmasına izin vermek imkansız!
ÖNEMLİ: Saçlar ıslak olmak zorunda kalmadan önce, bir saç kurutma makinesi ile kurutulamazlar, aksi takdirde efekt zayıf olacaktır.
Video, Lice'den etkili ve hızlı bir şekilde kurtulmanıza yardımcı olacaktır:Anne oğlu geribildirim:
Bir zamanlar oğlunun genellikle kafasını kelimenin tam anlamıyla çizdiğini fark ettiğini fark etti. Özellikle bunun için, kuaföre gittiğinde dikkat çektim.
Kehanet ya da diğer nedenlerden ötürü düşündüm ve sonra kafama baktım. Ve hemen başarı - 3 bit ve GDID kütlesini buldum. Enfekte olduğundan şüpheleniyorum, kuaföründeydi.
Bu yüzden eczaneye alamadım ve işten sonra bir çare satın almadım, tarak değildi, bu nedenle akşamları günde yaklaşık 30-40 dakika tarakla oturdu.
Çıktığı gibi, sıradan bir tarak sorunu elde etmek, daha sonra çevrimiçi mağazalarda bulunur, ancak orada mevcut değil, normal tarak tarafından sık sık küçük dişleriyle kaydedildi. Bu yüzden ilk başta 3-4 gün yaptım ve ayrıca 1-2 biti buldum ve 4 gün boyunca sadece ölü kısalma vardı.
Şimdi önleme olarak hala bebeğin kafasına bakarım.
Bitten kurtulmak kolay olduğunu düşünüyorum ve GDID bize 2 şeye yardım etti:
- Onları hemen, aynı gün ya da bir sonraki kişiyi keşfettim;
- Çocuğun kısa bir saç kesimi var, ancak saçlarının üst kısmı kulaklara, böyle bir şapka.
Kendisini terk etti, düzlüğü reddetti, bu yüzden ortaya çıktı.
Bu makalenin bilgisi çok yardımcı oldu, birçok nüans biliyordum ve bu nedenle bitlerden fonlara ulaşamadım rağmen, bir kerede tüm bilgiyi uygulamaya başladı.
Mekanik olarak mükemmel bir şekilde yaklaştım, çünkü zararsız ve tamamen nakit yatırımları, sadece zaman, lamba ve tarak gerektirmez. Oğlum 20-30 dakika sakince yatıyordu, penye sürecini sevdi, ona zarar vermeyi ya da rahatsızlığı azaltmaya çalıştım. Gits parmaklarımı çektim.
Ya ölü kısalması varsa ve saçlarını tutuyorlar mı?
Disshrum kolay saçtan larvalar, sirke katı olması gerektiğine yardımcı olacaktır. Ridge tarak yapamayacağı, saçtan dikkatlice çıkarılmasını tavsiye ediyoruz.
Çok fazla GDID, uzun saç veya basitçe oluşturmak için yeterli zaman yoksa, bir manganez çözeltisi ile onları boyamaya çalışın (saç karanlık veya kahverengi ise).
Sonuç nedir?
Metodların karşılaştırılmasından kaynaklanan sonuçlar böyle.
En etkili, güvenli ve güvenilir, tarak, muamele edilmiş veya ıslak saçlarla birleştirilir. O zamandan beri en ucuz sırtın maliyetine eşittir . Fakat Lupu burada daha iyi ekle Bu yüzden böcekleri hızlı bir şekilde bulmak ve nötralize etmek mümkün olacaktır.
Bu yönteme, diğer seçenekleri kullanmak bile, çünkü Yalnızca tarama, bitlerin ve Gnid'in etkin bir şekilde kurtulmasına yardımcı olacaktır.
Seçtiğiniz mücadelenin hangi yöntemi olursa olsun, asıl şey sakinliğe uymaktır.
Lice ve NNID'den yeni elektronik taraklar, etkili?
Buna benziyorlar, operasyon ve cihaz ilkesi üzerine videoyu görüyorlar.
Bu tür taraklar bir önemli eksi var - bu maliyet. Herhangi bir yöntemin etkinliği, bitlerin sayısına bağlıdır, lansmanın sadece enfekte olmuş bir pedicüloz çocuğuna kıyasla iyileştirilmesi son derece zor olacağı açıktır.
GELİŞTİRİLMİŞ GELİŞTİRİLMEYEN GELİŞTİRİLMEYEN GELİŞTİRİLMEYEN GELİŞTİRİLMEYEN GELİŞTİRİLMİŞTİR, Önemli bir ikinci eksi, uzun saçların ve NI'lerin uzun saçları ile oluşturulmasına izin vermeyecek kısa bir diştir.
Tespit ederken ve çıkardıktan sonra ilk önlemler?
Pediculosis, hassas ve nahoş bir sorundur, ancak çok denemeniz durumunda, bir seferde bile, kendinizle baş etmek mümkündür.
Ayrıca, çocuğun temas ettiği ve eğitimciye (öğretmen) yeniden enfeksiyondan kaçınmak için eğitimciye (öğretmen) söylemesi için de gereklidir. Aile üyeleri arasındaki temasları en aza indirmek için bir tedavi süresidir.
Bu arada, Ebeveynler Ayrıca gerek Saçı tedavi et. Daireyi temizleyin. Yataklara, kanepelere, sandalyelere özel dikkat gösterilmelidir.
Tüm yatak çarşafları, giysiler, yumuşak oyuncaklar yüksek sıcaklıklarda yıkamak için.
Yıkamak imkansız olanlar Hermetik olarak plastik torbalarda paketleme ve iki hafta izin verin. 4-5 gün boyunca yemek olmadan yaşayabileceğim. Ancak, yumurtaları bile ertelendiğinden, yumurtadan çıkan larvaların hayatta kalmasını önlemek için, böyle bir terim gereklidir.
Yalanların enfeksiyonunu nasıl önleyebilirim?
Sonuçta, çocuğu toplumdan izole etmek imkansızdır! Ama bir çıkış yolu var!
Bunu açıklamanız gerekiyor Diğer kişilerin başlıklarını, hesaplamalarını, havlularını ve kişisel hijyenlerin diğer konularını kullanmak imkansızdır. Ve önleme için böyle bir şampuan yapın.
200-250 gram'ı kimyasal maddeler olmadan (uygun çocuk şampuanı veya ekonomik sabun), 4 damla lavanta esansiyel yağı, 4 damla biberiye esansiyel yağı karıştırın. Bu karışımı her zamanki gibi yıkayın.
Lice'den evde parazitlerin imhası için servis
Ebeveynlerin dikkatini evdeki parazitlerin yıkılması için hizmetlere ayrı ayrı çekmek istiyoruz. Herhangi bir öneri ve koordinat vermeyiz, çünkü% 100 parazitlerden kurtulmayı garanti edemeyiz.
Ancak, biti ve GDID'yi özel bir örneklemeye seçmekten çeşitli yaklaşımlar vardır, büyüye inanmadığınız ve çocuğun kafasına peynirsel olarak işlenmemenizi ve tüm oyuncaklar, halı ve yatağın, bebeğin iç çamaşırını ve özellikle de olmadığından emin olmanızı şiddetle tavsiye ediyoruz. Kapakları ve diğer şapkaları dikkatlice işleyin.
Viilant olun, çocuklarınıza bakın. Pediculosis bir cümle değildir, bir günde bile gerçekten üstesinden gelince, sadece denemeniz gerekir!
İngiliz anahtarı - insan saçında yaşayan ve pediculoza neden olan parazitik dışsız böcekler. Bir erkeğin kanı tarafından tercih edilen besleme, mavimsi lekeleri arkalarında bırakarak, tarak izleri, güçlü kaşıntı. Tehlike bu parazitlerdir hızlıca meyve . Kelimenin tam anlamıyla saç bölümlerini işgal ettiler, tenekleri ile saça yapışır. Isırırken kanla doğrudan temas ederler. Tehlikeli hastalıkların taşıyıcıları haline gelir. Kişinin kendisi ve özellikle çocuk, sonsuz şekilde kaşınan alanlar. İkincil bir bakteriyel enfeksiyon eklemek için açık kapılar olurlar. Lenf düğümlerdeki artışı, piyodermi gelişimi, demir eksikliği anemisinin sağlanması.
Bitlerden kurtulun ve GDID'ler mümkün olduğunca erken ihtiyaç duyar. Tercihen, bir bireysel saça girdikten sonra ilk hafta boyunca. Büyük kümelerle, savaşmak çok daha zor. Tüm verimli yolları göz önünde bulundurun: mekanik, radikal kimyasal ve halk.
Kafa biti görünümünün belirtileri
Bloodsucms durumunda, böcekler toksik-alerjik reaksiyonları kışkıran enzimlerin içeriğiyle izole tükürüktür. Sonra ısırıkların bölümlerinde döküntüler, irritabl kırmızı lekeler 1 cm çapında. Kadın keskin bir şekilde yumurta yumurtalar. Koruyucu yapışkan kabuğundaki dikdörtgen kapsüller biçiminde saçlarına sıkıca tutturur. Tellerin yapıştırılmasına, chatuninlerin oluşumuna yol açar. Lezyon odakları spesifik seröz kabuklarla kaplıdır.
Ana sertlik belirtileri:
- Geceleri güçlendirilmesi ile kaşınıyor;
- döküntü, küçük papulalar, etkilenen ciltteki mavimsi-kırmızı lekeler;
- Karakteristik klipsler, yaşayan GDID'nin rastgele ezilmesi durumunda sıvı oluşumu;
- Egzemanın gelişimi, dermatoz;
- sinirlilik, nevroz, anksiyete;
- uyku bozukluğu;
- iştah eksikliği;
- sıcaklık artışı.
Bitler, kepek türüne göre belirir ve hemen onları her zaman tanımayabilirsiniz. Ancak kendine özgü bir özellik var - kepek kolayca çalkalanır, ancak eğim yok. Sıkıca saçlarda tutulurlar. Yine de yapmaya çalışırsan, kesinlikle birkaç parça düşecek. Gökleri yanıp sönüyorsa, daha sonra canlı. Ölü bireyler sarımsı gri bir gölge edinir.
Dikkat! Başın kapsamlı bir incelemesi ile, yani böceklerin yerelleştirilmesinin favori bölümleri (karanlık, viski, kafalar) kötü şifa tarakları görebilirsiniz. Isırık bitleri tarafından ayrılırlar. Saçın köklerinde daha fazla birikir. Bunlar, bir antihistamin aldıktan sonra bile geçmeyen, kırmızı döküntü türünde yumurta beklemededir.
Pedicüloz enfeksiyonunun nedenleri
Bitler, enfekte olmuş bir kişiden yakın kontaklarla birlikte iletilir, yani. Açık. Enfeksiyon, genellikle bahçelerde ve okullarda çocukları alır, akranlarla iletişim kurar. İletim Yolları:
- diğer insanların şapkaları;
- Kişisel hijyen genel nesneleri (havlular, taraklar, lifler, yatak takımı);
- Kuaförlerde kötü dezenf
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货场，总面积就达200多万平方米。总起来看，当前世界各国对民防工作都十分重视，其发展大致呈现出以下七大特点：
把民防建设置于重要的战略地位
世界各主要国家认为，民防是“现代战争条件下求得生存的重要战略措施”，是“战时的决定性战略因素”和“有效的威慑力量”，是国家战略的重要组成部分。前苏联强调，民防是保卫国家安全的最重要战略措施，它直接影响着对抗双方力量的相互关系，影响着战时优势的获得和战争的结局；美国则认为，核时代威胁的可靠性不仅取决于国家的战略进攻能力，而且取决于保存自己的能力；西欧诸国虽然依靠美国的核保护伞和北约联盟的集体防护，但仍按“军民兼顾”的总体防御战略积极发展民防；瑞士和瑞典虽长期处于和平环境，但始终把民防与军事防御、心理防御、经济防御视为总体防御的重要组成部分，从战略高度给予足够的关注和重视。
不断加大对民防建设的经费投入
国外不少专家通过分析认为：用在民防建设上的费用比花在战略军事系统上的经费更有价值，加上民防具有战时防空平时抗灾等双重功能，因此，不少国家在经费投入上十分舍得。如1982年，美国为了到1985年能将民防应急疏散计划的生存率增至80％，共投入26．4亿美元用于该计划的实施。即便是现在，美国每年投入民防的经费亦在8－10亿美元；前苏联自60年代至解体前的20多年间，每年用于民防建设的经费在10－20亿美元。英国近几年来用于民防的经费几乎增加了1倍。瑞士在1971－2000年的29年中，计划用于民防的经费为30亿美元，平均每年高达1．05亿美元。德国、瑞典、芬兰等国的年度民防经费也在1亿美元以上，其中芬兰的民防经费占到国防开支的20％。
重视民防立法执法工作
早在30、40年代，英国、丹麦、比利时、瑞典等国就制定了民防法。此后，美国、挪威、法国、芬兰、苏联、瑞士等国相继颁布民防法，并不断修改完善。其中不少国家还根据民防法，制定了具体的民防法令和条例。如法国自1959年以来，陆续制定了《民事保护防务部队法》等40多个有关民防的法规；瑞典从国家到市政区都有一套比较完整的民防法规。按内容分，除民防法外，还有人员掩蔽、救护、训练等17种法规。各国的民防法及法规对民防的性质、体制、职责、权力以及各项民防建设内容要求都作了明确规定。如丹麦新民防法规定，所有年龄在16－65岁的丹麦男女国民，均有执行民防勤务的义务；新加坡《人力物力征召法》规定，民防可随时征调民防人员集合，对违反民防工作征召者，可判以徒刑；比利时民防法规定，各省市必须根据民防办事处及消防队需要，或按当地民防法规定，提供土地、场所、物资及必要的补给品作为民防之用。此外，有的国家还规定了不少有利于民防发展的具体措施，如规定修建城市地面建筑必须附设地下室，并规定了开发地下空间可享受优惠的政策，等等。
强调民防建设长期化、经常化
二次大战结束后，不少国家曾以较快的速度建成了较完善的民防体系。如瑞士在60—70年代的10年间，修建了可供掩蔽400多万人的民防设施。但近几年来，许多国家认识到民防建设不是一朝一夕的事。只要战争、特别是核战争的威胁存在一天，民防建设就必须存在一天。因而，在方针上，各国普遍确定了长期经营的指导思想，既不搞突击，也不能断线，把民防建设纳入经济发展和国防建设的总体规划，使之成为一项长期的、经常性的任务。如瑞士为确保民防建设的长久不衰，制定了长达15年的发展规划，而美国也制定了7年计划等，以求对较长时间内民防的发展有一个基本设想，避免反复，防止浪费。
着力提高总体防护能力
战后各国的民防工程主要是随着核武器的发展而发展的，因而核防护一直是各国民防工程建设的重点。但新型武器系统的出现和发展也对民防工程提出了新的要求。有鉴于此，近年来，一些发达国家加强了民防工程对新型武器的防护准备，特别是对高技术常规武器的防护。同时，各国还着眼于提高救生效率，制定了应急疏散计划，建立完善的民防通信警报系统，加强民防专业队伍建设，大力开展民防教育训练和各种民防演练，以全面提高民防的综合防护能力。
实现民防工程的效益化、商业化
70年代以来，世界各国普遍减少了单纯为战时防护而修建的民防工程，强调平战结合，突出民防工程平时的经济效益。许多国家把地下掩蔽部用作地下商场、地下车库、地下娱乐场等，发挥了民防工程平时的效益。与此同时，各国民防坚持了民防发展与城市建设的一体化，把融民防和城市建设为一体，作为民防建设的重要指导思想。为此，首先按民防的要求规划和发展城市建设，把民防工程纳入城市发展的总体规划。如修建地下车间、地下粮库、地下发电站、地下停车场、地下旅馆等，既满足了民防的需要，又可适应城市的发展。
坚持防空与防灾相结合
80年代以来，民防建设与城市防灾抗灾相结合，已成为各国民防发展的共同趋势。1979年，美国国防部民防准备局与其他4个机构合并，成立了联邦紧急应变管理局，负责民防战备建设和平时防灾抗灾工作。为了应付自然灾害和突发工业事故，前苏联民防部门积极参与抢险救灾工作。在世人震惊的切尔诺贝利核电站事故中，民防部门在处理灾害后果时做出了卓越贡献。德国政府则明确规定，民防任务范围不仅是对战时那些异常的灾害情况采取防卫措施，而且平时一旦出现极其严重的灾害，民防也将对此采取相应的救援措施。日本根据风灾、水灾、地震等自然灾害多的特点，在总理府设“中央防灾会议”，各地设有地方防灾组织，统管民防和防灾救灾工作，通过平时的防灾活动推动民防的基本建设。瑞典于1986年7月1日建立了新的民防权威机构“国家民防、救援与消防勤务局”，这个新机构继承了前“瑞典民防局”的职责，并受权承担有关救援勤务方面的其他职责。<|endoftext|>عملکرد مناسب رزین های کاتیونی یکی از عوامل تأثیر گذار در اندازه گیری صحیح کنداکتیویته کاتیونی می باشد . بهره برداری،نگهداری و احیاء مناسب رزین ها نقش تعیین کننده ای در طول عمر آنها دارد. در اثر کارکرد طولانی مدت به تدریج مواد آلاینده مختلف موجود در آب با پوشاندن سطح رزین ها موجب کاهش ظرفیت کلی رزین و زمان بهره برداری کمتر و نیاز به احیاء در بازه زمانی کوتاه تر می شود.
به منظور پاکسازی رزین ها، تمامی فیلترهای کاتیونی پنل های نمونه گیری واحدها جدا شده و به آزمایشگاه شیمی منتقل گردید و پس از بازکردن فیلترها، رزین ها تخلیه و به مدت یک ساعت در محلول HCl که نقش مؤثری در رفع آلاینده های سطحی دارد، قرار داده شد همچنین استفاده از فیلترها که موجب جرم گرفتن سطوح داخلی شده بود به طور کامل نظافت گردید و نشتی های مختلف در اتصالات فیلتر که موجب هدر رفت آب می گردید، توسط پرسنل امور شیمی تعمیر شد. پس از انتقال مجدد رزین ها به داخل فیلترها و اضافه کردن رزین MAKE UP، هر فیلتری با دبی مناسب از محلول HCl مجددا احیا و پس از رینز مناسب در محل نصب گردید.<|endoftext|>آخرین اخبار
در حال حاضر هیچ صحبتی در مورد مشخصات فنی خودرو نشده است، اما لردستون تأیید کرده است که در تولید این ون از موتورهای توپی مانند اندورنس استفاده خواهد کرد. این موتور ۶۰۰ اسب بخار (۴۴۷ کیلووات / ۶۰۸ پی اس) قدرت تولید میکند که آن را قادر میسازد تا در ۵٫۵ ثانیه از حالت سکون به سرعت ۶۰ مایل در ساعت (۹۶ کیلومتر در ساعت) برسد.
این وانت قرار است در ماه ژوئن یعنی قبل از تولید خودرو در نیمه دوم سال ۲۰۲۲، رونمایی شود. اطلاعات زیادی در مورد این مدل در دسترس نیست اما لردستون گفته است که این مدل در مقایسه با ون های درون سوز قیمت گذاری میشود و اساس تولید اولین خودروهای تمام الکتریکیRV جهان را ایجاد میکند. مورد اخیر در ماه گذشته به عنوان بخشی از توافق نامه کمپینگ ورلد اعلام شده است.
طبق اخبار جدید، این شرکت قالب گیری فلزی و جوشکاری ۵۷ نمونه اولیه بتا اندورنس را آغاز کرده است. انتظار میرود اولین وانت های بتا در ماه مارس تکمیل شود. از برخی از این خودروها برای تست تصادف، مهندسی و اعتبار سنجی استفاده خواهد شد. این شرکت همچنین در نظر دارد تعدادی از این خودروها را برای ثبت بازخورد به دست مشتریان خود برساند.
مدیر عامل این شرکت، استیو برنز، اظهار داشته است که لردستون در نظر دارد تولیدات خود را در ماه سپتامبر آغاز کند. همچنین شاهد میزان تقاضای بالای افراد برای وانت پیکاپ برقی تمام چرخ محرک با ۲۵۰ مایل (۴۰۲ کیلومتر) برد از ناوگان های تجاری، دولتی و نظامی هستیم.<|endoftext|>Three more bodies of water may have been discovered on Mars, study suggests
Scientists have new evidence pointing to the presence of water on Mars, adding intrigue about the possibility of life on the Red Planet.
The findings, published Tuesday in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Astronomy, provide more evidence of a lake on Mars' south pole – first discovered in 2018. The researchers also say they found three additional possible bodies of water nearby.
“It’s a complex system,” co-author and Roma Tre University planetary scientist Elena Pettinelli told Nature.
The bodies of water are more than half a mile deep under Mars' surface and span an area of nearly 30,000 square miles, according to Nature. The largest lake found in 2018 may be nearly 20 miles wide, while the other three are much smaller.
The scientists relied on data collected by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding, or MARSIS, on the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter.
The MARSIS uses radio waves to detect the types of materials on Mar's surface and subsurfaces. The instrument was used in 2018 by some of the same scientists to document the first body of water.
According to Nature, the 2018 results were based on 29 observations made from 2012 to 2015. The results published Tuesday relied on 134 observations from 2012 to 2019.
"We are much more confident now," Pettinelli told NBC News. "We did many more observations, and we processed the data completely differently."
Pettinelli told NBC News the new method is similar to how lakes beneath Antarctica's ice sheet are found. Her team processed their data the same way they did in 2018, too, to further support their conclusions.
Mars' climate does not allow for water on the surface, but evidence of water is obvious on the planet's surface in the form of vast dried-out river valley networks from eons ago.
Some scientists have long suspected, however, that some water could be trapped under Mars' surface. And that's added intrigue about whether there is or ever was enough water with the right conditions to support life on the planet.
The bodies of water detailed in the Nature Astronomy article are thought to have high levels of salt, which could allow for the water to remain liquid. While in some cases that may make supporting life more challenging, some organisms could survive in the extreme conditions, the study authors suggest.
"The possibility of extended hypersaline water bodies on Mars is particularly exciting because of the potential for the existence of microbial life, such as extremophiles, anaerobes or even aerobes" the study says.
However, not all are convinced what the study details are bodies of water.
"I do not think there are lakes," Jack Holt, a planetary scientist at the University of Arizona in Tucson, told Nature. "There is not enough heat flow to support a brine here, even under the ice cap."
Mike Sori, a planetary geophysicist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, told Nature he thinks the data may point more toward the water being "some sort of slush or sludge."
Contributing: Doyle Rice<|endoftext|>3 giapponesi su 4 sono contrari alla caccia alle balene
Un recente sondaggio di Greenpeace effettuato sulla popolazione giapponese dalla Nippon Research Center Ltd (membro della Gallup International Association) ha dimostrato che tre giapponesi su quattro sono contrari alla caccia alle balene nel Santuario dei Cetacei dell'Oceano Antartico. L'indagine statistica è stata svolta su un campione di 1.501 persone tra 15 e 60 anni: le interviste sono state fatte tra il 18 e il 23 gennaio 2008, periodo in cui la nave di Greenpeace "Esperanza" inseguiva la flotta baleniera nipponica, nel tentativo (riuscito) di salvare un centinaio di balene dagli arpioni del Sol Levante.
I dati testimoniamo che il 25% dei giapponesi è contro la mattanza di cetacei, mentre il 31% la sostiene e il restante 44% si astiene: oltre l'80% degli astenuti si dice contrario alla caccia alle balene in acque internazionali (quindi è contrario alla caccia che sta avvenendo in Antartide). Tra gli stessi sostenitori il 40% non la approva in acque internazionali. Facendo le stime il 71% dei giapponesi non è a favore della caccia in altura.
Il ministro Fukado non ritira le baleniere e l'87% dei giapponesi non è a conoscenza dei 500 milioni di Yen annui impiegati dal Governo nella farsa della ricerca scientifica: il finanziamento ovviamente è coperto dalla tasse ed i contribuenti del Sol Levante non ne sono a conoscenza. Dimostrazione che pur essendo contrari alla mattanza, sono costretti a sovvenzionarla.
La Commissione Baleniera Internazionale (International Whales Commission) nel lontano 1986 ha bandito la caccia per scopi commerciali con una moratoria internazionale. Il Giappone aggira dal 1987 aggira questo vincolo sostenendo di esser promotore di un' "attività scientifica", anche se finora non ha portato alcun dato utile.
Molti nascondono dietro la caccia criminale la difesa delle identità e della cultura nazionale un giro d'affari consistente: il lusso giapponese della carne di balena non tramonta, come del resto quello delle pinne di squalo altrove. Purtroppo tra le nazioni che praticano effettivamente la caccia commerciale purtroppo non c'è solo il Giappone. La Norvegia e l'Islanda hanno ripreso, seppur con diversa intensità questa crudele, ma redditizia, pratica.
Via | GreenPeace<|endoftext|>The popularity of virtual reality gaming has spawned numerous educational applications for the technology, including VR education. In addition to providing a completely immersive experience, VR in Canada can help students stay engaged and learn about a subject they might not otherwise be interested in. It can also be an excellent tool for field trips, providing students with the opportunity to see the world through another person’s experience. If used properly, virtual reality could even reduce the number of school dropouts and improve student performance.
VR can be a great tool to teach children how to experience empathy:
VR in Canada is becoming a popular tool for education, particularly for helping kids understand the complexities of empathy. Its immersive experience makes it possible to take students outside their everyday lives and immerse them in unfamiliar environments. Its immersive experiences allow children to learn about world cultures and foreign countries. Students can also explore non-traditional subjects. By allowing students to explore these experiences, parents can give their kids the tools to be more empathetic and understanding of others.
Helping kids understand the feelings of others:
Researchers say VR can help children develop empathy in two ways. First, it can be used to decrease bias. Empathy exercises can also reduce bias by helping kids understand the feelings of others. Using VR in the classroom can help students learn about empathy while at the same time reducing bias. The researchers used a VR headset to help students experience different emotions. Second, they found that children who wore VR headsets are more likely to save more money for retirement and decrease their racial bias.
VR can be a weapon effective against high dropout rates:
Although most studies of VR training have taken place in OECD countries, the results are not necessarily applicable to other educational settings. Some major challenges of VR training are infrastructure, connectivity, IT support, and essential digital skills. The Cost-effectiveness of VR training also needs to be evaluated. This will depend on the course’s duration, the field of study, and the type of technology used.
Help students’ master difficult learning environments:
VR simulations can help students’ master difficult learning
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gliadin in the plants. Wheat critics accuse these polypeptides (also called “exorphins”) of acting like endorphins in the body, making people feel “high” after eating wheat-laden carbs — and prompting them to crave more. However, there’s no definitive proof of this direct link between gliadin and addictive behavior. As with Amylopectin A, few contemporary studies address the question of whether or how much polypeptides might affect people’s health. In short, more research is needed to confirm whether or not modern wheat’s polypeptides pose a risk to human health.
Whither Wheat? — The Takeaway
The verdict is still out on whether modern wheat’s high starch content and exorphins are of serious concern for the average wheat consumer. What is certain is that modern wheat has changed distinctly from its historical composition, and the modified gluten protein might be a culprit in the striking rise in both celiac disease and gluten sensitivity.
For my own part, I’ve been gluten-free for going on ten months. Some, but not all, of my health issues have begun to resolve — enough so that I’m committed to remaining gluten-free. The elimination of gluten from a person’s diet is a matter of individual choice and medical needs. But the increased prevalence of gluten sensitivities is a strong call for more research into the new world of wheat.
Are you worried about modern wheat? Do you think critics are getting too worked up over too little evidence? Share in comments below or get in touch with the author on Twitter @LauraNewc.<|endoftext|>Avrupa ülkelerinde bugüne dek koronavirüse yakalanan kişi sayısı 46 milyona ulaşırken artan vakalar nedeniyle hükümetler sıkı tedbirleri yeniden uyguluyor.
5,5 milyon nüfuslu Slovakya'da halkın yaklaşık yarısına seferberlik kapsamında ücretsiz Covid-19 testi uygulandı.
Savunma Bakanı Jaroslav Nad, cumartesi günü 2.58 milyon vatandaşa test yapıldığını, sonuçları pozitif çıkanların karantinaya alındığını duyurdu. Günlük yeni vaka sayısının dün 2 bin 282 olarak açıklandığı ülkede, 40 binden fazla sağlık görevlisi ve destek ekipleri, testleri uygulamak için yaklaşık 5 bin bölgede görev yapıyor.
KARANTİNA KURALLARI
Günlük vaka sayılarının 20 bine ulaştığı İngiltere'de ise dünden beri dört haftalık karantina kuralları uygulanmaya başlandı. İngiltere Başbakanı Boris Johnson, ülke çapında mağazalar, barlar, kafeler başta olmak üzere çoğu işyerinin kapatıldığını, okullar ve üniversitelerin açık olduğu duyurdu.
MEKANLAR KAPATILDI
Fransa'dan sonra Yunanistan ve Avusturya'da da gece sokağa çıkma yasakları ve karantina devreye girdi. Günlük vakaların bini aşarak rekor kırdığı Yunanistan'da başkent Atina başta olmak üzere birçok kentte restoranlar, barlar, kafeler, sinemalar, spor salonlarını kapatıldı. Avusturya'da da günlük vaka sayısının 5 bini geçmesi üzerine her gün 10 saatlik sokağa çıkma yasağı getirildi. Belarus Devlet Sınır Komitesi ise ülke sınırlarının Covid-19 salgını ile mücadele kapsamında dünden itibaren yabancılara kapatıldığını duyurdu.
İspanya'da koronavirüs salgınına karşı alınan önlemleri protesto etmek için Barselona'da önceki gün yapılan eylemlere polis müdahalesi sonucu 47 kişi gözaltına alındı.
Video haberler için YouTube kanalımıza abone olun<|endoftext|>Describe four components of health promotion.
Chapter 4, Health Education and Health Promotion
he community health nurse is planning a health promotion workshop for a high school PTSO (Parent-Teacher-Student Organization). The choice of topics was suggested by the high school’s registered nurse who has observed a gradual increase in student obesity. The two nurses have collaborated to develop this workshop to provide parents, students, and teachers with information about the importance of health promotion. (Learning Objectives 6, 8, and 9). Nursing Questions & Answers .
a. Describe the importance of a focus on health promotion.
b. According to the health promotion model developed by Becker (1993), what four variables influence the selection and use of health promotion behaviors?
c. Describe four components of health promotion.<|endoftext|>AIOps is a powerful blend of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technology, built to ensure reliability.
As the love child of DevOps engineers, site reliability engineers (SRE), and network operations center teams (NOC), this tool helps provide internal support for data ingestion and incident response.
This is only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the workflow capability of AIOps. Keep reading as we break down the real intelligence of this technological beast and discover what benefits it may hold for you!
The key theme to understand when learning about AIOps is its focus on reliability. Every aspect of this tool is to support teams in achieving structural reliability for themselves and their clients.
AIOps leverage immense loads of big data and provide real-time reactions with significant analytics. What’s more, is AI and machine learning thrive off large amounts of data. The more data it processes, the more it learns and can apply that knowledge to future analytics. This tool becomes more efficient and tailored the more you use it.
So, now that we know what AIOps do, it’s time to ask how. There are two big ways AIOps achieve this level of analytics, through data ingestion and incident resolution.
Data ingestion is the act of incorporating data from multiple sources and assimilating it into storage for data analysis. Common storage spaces are cloud databases and document stores, any place where you can access stored data.
Data extraction comes from sources like SaaS data, in-house apps, spreadsheets, or website extraction.
It’s not as simple as finding data and putting it away, though. Companies often have multiple areas of storage. For example, sales data goes to a sales database, like Salesforce, while product data goes to a relational database. AIOps have to distinguish the data it’s ingesting to store it in the right place.
On top of that, it must also format the data so you can use it together, even if it’s stored in different databases. This tool ensures the data has a composition that works for both the database and integrated work.
Types of Ingestion
There are three ways to ingest data; real-time, batch, or lambda.
Real-time, or streaming data, is when the data is ingested in real-time. While generating data, the tool extracts, processes, and stores it. It also gives real-time decision-making support. This is useful for businesses that need constant updates on their work. Think of power plants or stock markets where data has to be monitored continuously to guarantee accuracy.
Batch data ingesting is when the data is ingested at scheduled intervals. Instead of processing constantly, the tool moves data a few times a day, or even less. Great for the repeated processes. Think of daily fiscal reports or handling end-of-year reporting.
Lambda architecture is when the two methods above are both utilized. Real-time handles time-sensitive data, while batch data handles broader collections.
AI and ML technology secure the ability to leverage data while understanding human activity.
These techniques allow AIOps to offer a hands-on and proactive approach to incident resolution. It detects errors as well as repairs errors. It can even spot anomalies before issues begin. Offering preventative measures for your system and helping create a stable environment for workers and customers.
AIOps maintain a standard of reliability because it focuses on issue identification. It builds quicker awareness, enabling accelerated response times, and it automates responses to known events.
The Big Picture
Data ingestion and incident resolution are the most notable actions of AIOps workflow. However, there are a few general actions it does that you should know. Simply put, these are the big picture advancements.
Along with ingesting data, AIOps select data. Standard IT environments generate mass amounts of noisy and redundant data. Data that takes focus away from the vital information and causes distraction. Encouraging reliability, it filters out nearly 99% of data, focusing on the bits showing errors.
Alert fatigue is a huge issue in incident response, especially in the healthcare and cybersecurity industries. But, with smart alerting, it’s able to suppress low priority alerts and related group alerts. This allows for a top-to-bottom work structure. You can focus on critical issues and then move on to low priority.
AI and machine learning at its core are built for finding patterns. Finding meaningful data, understanding why it’s significant, and further finding patterns within the meaningful data.
Filtering out unnecessary noise and building prolific analysis from purposeful information.
The most powerful thing about this platform is that it consistently learns from the data, recycles knowledge, and continuously improves responses. Delivered content will become more tailored and precise, revamping the operations.
AIOps promote and facilitate collaboration between departments and teams. Its remote accessibility allows teams wherever they are to work together on issues—streamlining a frictionless and secure workspace for different specializations to perform in.
It can preserve data from these operations to analyze and put towards developing future diagnosis of similar problems.
If there’s one thing AI and ML bring to the table, it’s automation. Automations do the tedious work, so DevOps have more time to solve complex issues. It automates responses and repairs, constructing more efficient and correct solutions.
AIOps Workflow: The Future of Tech
AIOps is crucial to operation because it takes action to the next level. With applications like data ingestion and incident resolution, your company will be operating at a higher level than ever before.
AIOps catches the minutiae humans cannot, but simultaneously allows humans to do the work machines can’t. It’s an ebb and flow of machine and human integration that can only be achieved through AI and machine learning technology.
We hope you found this article helpful and have gained a more fruitful understanding of AIOps. Here at Logiq, we aim to educate as much as we strive to help. If you have any further questions, do not hesitate to contact us or view our blog for more insight!<|endoftext|>Are These Normal Trauma Symptoms (Or Are You Struggling With PTSD?)
Nearly 7% of Americans struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at some point during their lives. There is no doubt that PTSD can be a frightening, challenging, and debilitating struggle for both individuals and their loved ones.
It is important to note that everyone responds to trauma differently. That said, it can be difficult to discern the differences between “routine” trauma symptoms and PTSD. Let’s explore what you need to know.
Understanding Normal Trauma Symptoms
Trauma can threaten both one’s physical and emotional safety. Trauma may occur in single, standalone events, and it can also be long-term and systemic. Likewise, trauma can affect you both directly (such as experiencing a sexual assault) or indirectly (such as witnessing domestic violence).
There isn’t a universal way to process or cope with trauma. How you experience and internalize trauma depends on several, multidisciplinary variables including:
- The type of trauma
- How others responded to your trauma
- Your current sense of resilience
- History of mental illness
- The severity of physical or cognitive injuries
- Your current coping skills
- History of past traumas
Events that don’t bother some people may profoundly impact others. That said, there are some common reactions to consider when understanding trauma symptoms.
Anxiety is a typical trauma response. When your life feels threatened, your mind and body activate the fight-or-flight system. As a result, many people experience anxiety-related symptoms such as:
- Racing thoughts
- Paranoia and hypervigilance
- Panic attacks
You may feel anxious in specific situations or around certain people that remind you of the trauma. You may notice yourself feeling jumpier or “on edge.” However, with time, these reactions will usually lessen in severity.
Guilt and Shame
After experiencing a trauma, it’s normal to ruminate on the events leading up to and during the incident. You may feel stuck in a vicious cycle of what-ifs and should-haves. You may feel like you hold responsibility for what happened to you. This is your mind replaying the trauma and trying to make sense of what happened.
Likewise, if you witnessed the trauma occur to someone else, you may experience a sense of survivor’s guilt. This guilt is also a common trauma symptom. After all, it is reasonable to question why you were spared that specific pain or anguish. With time, these reactions also tend to lessen in severity.
Isolation and Avoidance
Feeling “normal” after trauma may seem impossible. Moreover, you may not feel ready or willing to share what happened to you to others. If people do know about the trauma, you may feel insecure and unstable in their presence.
Temporary isolation and avoidance are normal reactions. You may need some time to process your emotions. Perhaps, loved ones have tried to comfort you, but you’re finding their sentiments invalidating or even discouraging.
You had something terrible happen to you, and maybe the trauma shocked you to the core. Maybe you weren’t sure if you were going to make it out alive. And perhaps, it disrupted the entire course of your life. Trauma is painful, and it’s normal to feel depressed after it occurs.
Common depression symptoms may include:
- Feelings of worthlessness
- A lack of energy
- Difficulty with focus and concentration
- Feeling emotionally and even physically heavy
- Sleep problems
- Dramatic appetite changes
In some cases, depression can also include suicidal thoughts and plans. Although it is normal to question your life after a trauma, all suicidal thoughts should be taken seriously and addressed accordingly by a mental health professional.
When Trauma Symptoms Become PTSD
As mentioned, it is normal to feel shaken and disturbed after a traumatic event. However, most people start feeling better within a few weeks or months. Even if the symptoms do not go away completely, you should notice an improvement over time.
If you’ve been struggling for several months (or the symptoms appear to be worsening), you may be experiencing PTSD. PTSD makes you feel like you are in dangerous and life-threatening distress even long after the event has passed.
Anyone is susceptible to PTSD, and the onset occurs at least one month after experiencing the event (earlier onset is often indicative of Acute Stress Disorder, another mental health condition). PTSD symptoms include:
- Re-experiencing symptoms (racing thoughts, nightmares, flashbacks)
- Avoidance symptoms (avoiding people, places, or situations reminiscent of the trauma)
- Arousal symptoms (feeling startled or tense, having anger outbursts)
- Mood and cognitive symptoms (losing interest in usual activities, heightened guilt and blame, negative thoughts about oneself and the world)
If untreated, PTSD can seriously impact your daily functioning. That’s because the severity of these symptoms can affect your quality of relationships, work and school performance, and typical household responsibilities.
Getting The Trauma Treatment You Need
PTSD is treatable. Seeking professional support during this time can help you learn how to better cope with symptoms and reestablish a healthier perception of yourself.
EMDR therapy empowers individuals who have experienced trauma by helping them reconcile parts of their past, present, and future. This therapy will desensitize some of the intense reactions rooted in your trauma symptoms. It will also help challenge (and change) some of the negative core beliefs you hold about yourself and the world around you.
Are you interested in learning more about how EMDR therapy can help you? Learm more about the services offered at Willow Counseling today- we are here to guide you through your journey towards recovery.
Willow Counseling, PLLC
Willow Counseling, PLLC exists to provide quality trauma-informed mental health counseling to the Nashville community, recognizing the interconnectedness of our emotional, spiritual and physical selves. We work together to alleviate symptoms, learn better coping skills, relieve burdens, remove the pain of trauma, and so much more. However, our greatest desire is for you to know what it means to feel purpose and joy again and to recognize the strength and worth you have to offer the world.<|endoftext|>Minkia ha trovato lavoro a Londra, entusiasmante! Nessuna nostalgia di Roccalumera!!!
Inizia con il volantinaggio per 50 sterline al giorno, poi farà l'imbianchino per 325 sterline a settimana. Nel frattempo ha cominciato a frequentare una buona scuola di inglese...quanto ci metterà ad imparare? I bookmaker scommettono su un minimo di 6 mesi! Dopo di che riuscirà ad introdursi in una seria istituzione finaziaria della City? qui le puntate sono ancora premature... ma c'è chi mormora gia che sta per nascere una nuova stella: un genio della finanza siculo che sconvolgerà i mercati finanziari internazionali!!!
p.s. il nostro eroe arriva in chat...
Minkia: comunque c'è di più ieri sera sono stato ad un disco bar, ad un tratto ne avevo una davanti e una di dietro che si strusciavano… imbarassing!!!
trafficantedecannelloni: ma che è successo con le due tipe?
minkia: nulla, mi ballavano adosso! Stasera vado in disco vediamo se c'è qualcuna che è disposta a farmi un with drou. Oh, ci siete? iman of shit? Ciccio, ieri sera all'inglese che vive qui gli ho fatto dire “annachiti u sangu”. minkia non puoi capire che ridere annachiti u sangu significa agita il tuo sangue, muoviti, poi iniziano a dire bene prelievi. adesso li devo far passare alla fase 2
risate che non ti dico con il greco quando cerco di dire qualcosa e ovviamente non ci riesco dopo vari tentativi diciamo la parola peace
trafficantedecannelloni: che greco?
minkia: si c'è un greco, che è ricercatore all'università, un sekkione, stà facendo uno studio con reti neurali dove dimostra che in base a ciò che facciamo usiamo solo parti parziali del cervello. Davvero ho visto il lavoro. È peggio di nat, pensa ha fatto una rete con 1000 neuroni.
trafficantedecannelloni: piu dei tuoi, no?
minkia: e si, i miei sono solo a 2 cifre forse, a voglia. stasera mi devono fare un prelievo a proposito. Mi sembra di stare a Taormina l'inglese è amico con uno che organizza serate praticamente non pago nelle disco ieri sera nn ho pagato stasera non pago. Ciccio è ‘na figata londra! belle fighe! ieri sera sono stato in un locale, Attica si chiama, stà sopra Piccadilly street non puoi capire!
trafficantedecannelloni: bonoooo
minkia: le fighe che c'erano! ciccini se pensavate che non mi ambientavo non avete capito un cazzo! devo trovare un buon lavoro e qui potrei buttarci l'ancora, per molto tempo. ciccini adesso vado a studiare, ciao.<|endoftext|>|Title:||Use decimal.Decimal type for timestamps|
|Author:||Victor Stinner <vst
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ورها نیاز به درمان فردی با روش های موجود (مانند جراحی، شیمی درمانی، پرتودرمانی) دارند.
آروغ زدن: چه زمانی باید به پزشک مراجعه کرد؟
تا زمانی که آروغ زدن فقط با هوا یا گاز همراه باشد و نه بیش از حد، مطمئناً دلیلی برای مراجعه به پزشک نیست. اگرچه این احساس ممکن است فردی باشد، "میزان طبیعی" معمولاً توسط افراد غیر عادی قابل ارزیابی است.
اگر به طور ناگهانی مجبور شدید مکرر آروغ بزنید (بدون اینکه رژیم غذایی خود را به میزان قابل توجهی تغییر دهید)، باید توسط پزشک معاینه شوید. برای مثال ممکن است به دلیل عدم تحمل غذایی باشد.
همچنین اگر آروغ با علائم دیگری همراه است (مانند فشار معده، سوزش سر دل) یا اگر هنگام آروغ زدن تفاله غذای هضم نشده وارد دهان شما شود، توصیه می شود به پزشک مراجعه کنید.
اگر هنگام آروغ زدن دچار بوی بد غیرمعمولی شدید یا تفاله غذا با بوی مدفوع بیرون آمد، باید در اسرع وقت به پزشک مراجعه کنید. پس از آن مشکوک به انسداد روده وجود دارد و این همیشه یک فوریت پزشکی است!<|endoftext|>竞赛的基础结构是简单的：在三周时间里，矿工要去争夺在网络上的尽可能多的存储空间。全球前100的矿工和各大洲排名前50的矿工，将会基于他们和网络在测试期间的存储量获得Filecoin奖励。
矿工们要获取更多奖励有以下两种方式：
1. 总奖励池总规模将随着网络总储存容量的增加而增加。
2. 奖励总额根据合格的采矿作业所增加的存储量占网络存储总量的百分比按比例分配。
“区域”是指六大洲，不包括南极洲。我们决定使用这份清单去决定哪一个国家属于哪一个大陆。在顶级采矿作业间这份总奖池的划分是这样的：
总体FIL 奖励（全球池）在全球网络存储上的收获：
* 只有当每个区域至少达到1pib 的存储空间时才能解锁
这里是一个样本计算：
- 在竞赛期间，一个位于阿根廷的采矿作业部门密封了1.5PiB的储存网络。
- 南美地区的总库存量为5.0 PiB，因此该地区的领导将分配25万份FIL，3.0pib由该地区前50家采矿企业持有，其余为较小的采矿者持有。
- 全球排行榜拥有120PiB的总内存，其中100PiB由排名前100的采矿部门所持有，20PiB由小型持有。每个地区也已经达到总内存的1PiB，所以最大的全球奖励层(1MM FIL)被解锁。
- 1.5 PiB足以跻身全球排行榜前100名。
- 对于总计14000FIL而言，采矿作业将有资格从区域排行榜（250K总FIL奖励*1.5PiB/3.0PiB）上接收125000元和从全球排行榜（1MM总FIL奖励*1.5PiB/100PiB）上接收15000FIL奖励。
- 除了提交封密存储，矿商必须准备好成功完成tb级的真实存储和检索交易，才有资格获得奖励。他们必须证明执行扇区生命周期的能力——创建承诺容量部门，为了存储真实数据而升级他们，以及终止他们。
- 实际上，这场竞争将包括一个仪表盘，在那里矿工们可以及时看到全球和区域奖励等级，以及单个矿工的存储能力、交易成功率以及扇区生命周期指令的完成情况。这样矿工们也将能够在排行榜上去展示他们的姓名（个人或者公司）和矿工ID。
- 所有的奖励都会记录在创世区块中并且会在主网启动后的六个月内呈线性增长。
- 为了能够获得奖励，矿工必须在竞争结束以前按照先前的提示从仪表盘里“认领”他们的矿工ID，并通过AML/KYC的审核。
- 过去常常用于计算存储的度量是生字节功率。扇区质量和认证交易不被考虑为计算回报的目的。
- 对于地区排行榜来说，一个矿工的位置就是采矿作业的物理位置。分割到多个区域的操作必须运行多个矿机。矿工将被要求去提交一个可以证实他们位置主张的文件。如果你声称自己来自不同的地方，你将失去获得奖励和排名的资格。
- 如果在竞赛期间发现威胁到权力表有效性的bug, Filecoin团队可能会提前结束竞赛。在发现bug之前的一段时间仍然会得到奖励。根据Filecoin团队的决定，如果这样的错误被负责任地披露给Filecoin团队，取决于bug的严重性和实用性，报告团队将能有资格获得超过250K FIL的奖励。
- 尽管我们并不期待这样的结果，万一协议实验室或者档案馆基金会自行决定他们在法律或者监管问题上阻止任何部分奖励的交付，奖励也许会重组、延期或者取消。<|endoftext|>Here you get to know Everything About Coronavirus (COVID-19). It is a Disease suddenly took boom all across the world. Now, the moment arrived when the world is going through the lockdown pandemic. So regarding this, I am sharing some knowledge regarding COVID-19 to you. So that you can take care of you and your family as well.
What is COVID-19?
Coronavirus (COVID-19 )is a new disease which has made a sudden impact throughout the world. We are still learning how it spreads, and the illness it causes. And from where it arises.
Signs of How COVID-19 Spreads
Spreading from Person to Person
The virus is said that it Spreads Mostly from Person-to-Person situations.
- It happens when people get in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet).
- It spreads Through respiratory droplets produced by an infected person when someone coughs or sneezes.
These droplets can land on the individual’s body like the mouth or nose of people who are nearby or possibly close to the infected one. It can go into the lungs.
Can Someone Spread The Virus Without Being Sick?
- People are considered to be most at risk when they are most symptomatic (most sick).
- Some time Symptoms shows after spreading the virus or people have shown the symptoms.
- It takes about 10–15 days for the signs of COVID-19 to fully show.
In This Time Period Which Contacts COVID-19.
They may experience being ill with the virus for 1 to 14 days before evolutive its symptoms throughout the body. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are reported to be fever, fatigue, and dry cough in a person’s body. Most people who are affected by coronavirus recover from the disease without the need for any special treatment.
Although the disease can be more serious and even fatal to the Old Age of people, and people with other medical health conditions(such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), may be riskier and to make one more ill.
Such Conditions, People May Experience:
- Dry cough
- Tiredness in Body
- Difficulty in Breathing (severe cases)
- Muscle aches
- Sore throat
- Unexplained loss of taste or smell
If you have a fever or difficulty in the breathing of any kind, such as dry cough or shortness of breath, call your doctor or health care provider before going to the office, urgent care facility or emergency room. Explain the symptoms. Here are suggestions that you may have COVID-19 if you feel ill and anxious.
If you have a medical emergency or you feel symptoms of COVID-19, such as shortness of breath, please call on helpline number – 911 and tell them about your symptoms.
Coronaviruses are generally in different animals. Hardly, an animal coronavirus can infect humans.
There are various types of coronavirus. few of them can reason cold or other mild respiratory (nose, throat, lung) diseases.
Other coronaviruses can cause more serious illnesses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
Coronaviruses are named for their functions: Under a microscope, viruses appear to be covered with pointed structures that surround them like a corona.
How Is India Responding To The Outbreak?
India has expanded the screening of international travellers. Some Indian travellers who were found to have coronavirus strain have been isolated before their release.
How Has It Affected The Economy?
There are growing concerns that prolonged quarantines, supply chain disruptions and sharp decreases in tourism and business travel may weaken the global economy or even cause a recession.<|endoftext|>Tornare a casa dopo giorni di trasferta lavorativa è per me il ritorno alla base, ai tempi dilatati, ai dialoghi notturni e agli abbracci nel letto. Ti devo ringraziare, mio compagno, per avere dato un senso nuovo alla parola casa, per la malinconia che provo ad ogni partenza e la gioia di ogni ritorno in un posto, casa, che non è più solo un luogo.
Non avevamo idea tre anni fa che si può iniziare bevendo una camomilla insieme e finire per riscrivere il vocabolario.<|endoftext|>尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!
暗硅系统功耗预算问题可被归类为一种NP-hard问题，针对其存在的提高芯片均温与降低通信成本2个对立优化目标，提出了一种基于任务映射的暗硅芯片功耗预算方法。为降低计算复杂度，基于率先映射高通信量并对后续映射影响较小的任务的规则建立模型，将任务图转换为最大生成树的形式，以优先级值的大小决定任务进行映射的先后顺序。在稳态情况下逐个进行核心寻优，将排序后的任务放置于合适的核心位置，并以凸二次规划问题形式对已确定映射核心位置的功耗预算进行求解。实验表明：针对12开启核心的36核心系统，与经典的热安全功耗预算方法相比，所提方法将总功耗预算提高了11.8%，通信能耗降低了38.2%。
针对故障本身构建量子贝叶斯Petri网模型算法，并利用该子网模型进行Petri网系统故障分析。对于部分可观Petri网模型中的不可观故障，根据可达标识图分析变迁点火路径不能判断系统状态，建立量子贝叶斯子网模型，通过不确定路径引起的量子干涉重新标定变迁的条件概率表得到量子概率振幅表。根据故障变迁的前置集合并结合量子贝叶斯推理计算变迁触发的先验概率，由后置集合中的可观变迁修正后验概率，由最大后验概率估计系统所处状态，当故障变迁不唯一时，选取最大概率的故障作为故障源。以实际故障系统建立部分可观Petri网模型，结合可观标签概率序列信息和量子贝叶斯概率估计，对系统不可观部分进行故障诊断验证算法的有效性。
针对惯性行人导航中航向角发散致使导航精度降低的问题，提出了一种基于零速修正与姿态自观测的惯性行人导航算法。通过四条件零速检测算法对行走步态中的零速区间进行检测。在检测得到的零速区间内，利用零速修正算法原理构造速度误差的观测量；利用零速区间内行人脚部与地面保持静止、只受到重力加速度及姿态角不变的特性，构造姿态角误差的观测量。应用卡尔曼滤波对零速区间内的姿态角、速度及位置的误差进行估计。利用得到的误差状态估计结果对行人导航进行误差校正，提高惯性行人导航的精度。实验表明：小范围矩形路径中，所提算法的导航轨迹相对误差平均值仅占总路程的0.98%，比零速修正算法减小了78.11%；导航轨迹误差标准差仅为0.14 m，比零速修正算法减小了88.62%；400 m标准操场闭合路径中解算终点相对位置误差仅为1.18%。解算轨迹与实际轨迹匹配度较高，具有良好的应用价值。
针对多架自杀式无人机对重要目标进行协同打击的问题，在飞行器运动学、飞行器碰撞、时空协同等约束条件下，提出了一种空间分层分布的协同打击策略，在满足飞行器碰撞约束的前提下，有效提高了对重要目标防御系统的抵抗能力与飞行器自身的生存率。在此基础上，进一步提出了一种空间协同的多机打击快速航迹规划方法，结合Dubins曲线，将飞行器数目增加带来的计算量指数增长的问题，转化为多项式乘积形式的计算量，实时生成满足时空协同要求的次优航迹。通过仿真实验与实际飞行试验验证了所提方法的有效性，无人机可以在生成航迹的引导下，有效到达打击目标。
光伏组件的遮挡物识别是光伏运维系统中不可或缺的环节，传统识别算法多依赖人工巡检，成本高昂且效率低下。基于卷积神经网络，提出了一种面向光伏组件的遮挡物识别算法PORNet。通过引入特征金字塔，构建多个分辨率下具有丰富语义信息的图像特征，提升对遮挡物尺度和密度的敏感性。通过特征自选择，筛选出语义最具代表性的特征图，以加强物体环境的语义信息表达。用筛选出的特征图完成遮挡物识别，从而提升识别准确率。在自建光伏组件落叶遮挡数据集上进行了实验比较和分析，并对识别性能进行了评估，通过与现有物体识别算法相比，所提算法的准确率和召回率分别提升了9.21%和15.79%。
气动舵机在防空导弹的飞行姿态控制系统中是关键部件，直接影响导弹的飞行稳定性及姿态控制能力。弹载高压气体经过减压为气动舵机提供动力，可以减小气源系统所占的空间且尽可能多地携带气体以利于提高导弹射程。针对某型号导弹，设计了一种具有锥形阀瓣的高压反向非平衡直动式减压阀，建立了该类减压阀热力学及静力分析的数学模型，并在此基础上开发了其设计校核软件。建立了基于AMESim软件的稳态及非稳态进口压力下的仿真模型，对其压力、流量特性及阀芯位移特性进行了模拟分析。结果表明：该减压阀在设计参数下具有较好的压力及流量特性，且理论计算结果与仿真分析结果吻合较好。
针对机械密封在高速干摩擦状态下，因设计不当产生端面过度变形和磨损而引起的密封失效问题，建立了热-结构耦合数值计算模型，分析了密封的温度场和端面变形。试验测试了静环温升，分析了动静环端面特征，探讨了高速干摩擦状态下的磨损机制。研究结果表明：建立的有限元模型能准确地预测密封的温度和端面变形，计算值和试验值相差小于11%；密封端面峰值温度对转速更敏感，随着运转时间的延长，温度先迅速增加后逐渐变缓；静环易产生锥度变形，造成端面接触压力和磨损不均匀，静环座的“匡正”作用能够改善这类变形；摩擦转移膜的存在状态对密封的温升、端面粗糙度起关键作用，动环表面喷涂Cr2O3等金属氧化物，能较好地保持致密的石墨转移膜，减轻密封的磨损。研究结果为机械密封的设计、优化和应用提供了基础。
基于耗氧型惰化系统惰化原理，建立了绿色低温催化惰化系统（3CGIS）的AMESim仿真模型，研究了绿色低温催化惰化系统抽吸气流量对惰化时间的影响，以及飞行包线内燃油箱气相空间氧气体积分数变化。将计算结果与试验数据进行对比，结果表明，飞行包线内燃油箱气相空间氧气体积分数计算结果与试验结果基本一致，验证了仿真模型的正确性。在此基础上，得到抽吸气流量与惰化时间近似呈反比关系；当惰化时间一定时，抽吸气流量随载油率的降低而增加；针对下降阶段燃油箱气相空间氧气体积分数可能超过12%，提出一种双流量惰化模式设计方法，可保证氧气体积分数在整个飞行包线内低于12%。仿真结果为绿色低温催化惰化系统的设计与优化提供了依据。
受自然界鸟类羽毛的柔性特征启发，利用数值模拟的方式开展了柔性壁面对亚声速边界层中T-S波演化的影响研究。刚性壁面上的数值结果与线性理论吻合得很好，验证了数值方法的可靠性。在
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of the bloody land reform campaign in North Vietnam under Communist-dominated Vietminh. Some mid-1960s black-and-white features dealt with war themes, with actors such as Đoàn Châu Mậu and La Thoại Tân. Some later popular color features revolved around the theme of family or personal tragedy in a war torn society, such as Người Tình Không Chân Dung (Faceless Love) starring Kiều Chinh, Xa Lộ Không Đèn (Dark Highway) starring Thanh Nga, Chiếc Bóng Bên Đường (Roadside Shadow) starring Kim Cương and Thành Được. Comedy movies were usually released around Tet, the Vietnamese New Year; most notable was Triệu Phú Bất Đắc Dĩ (The Reluctant Millionaire) starring the well loved comedian Thanh Việt.
After Reunification of North Vietnam and South Vietnam, studios in the former South Vietnam turned to making Social Realism films. Vietnamese feature film output increased and by 1978, the number of feature films made each year was boosted from around three annually during the war years to 20. Films from the years following the war focused on heroic efforts in the revolution, human suffering created by the war and social problems of post-war reconstruction. The shift to a market economy in 1986 dealt a blow to Vietnamese film making, which struggled to compete with video and television. The number of films produced in Vietnam has dropped off sharply since 1987.
A number of filmmakers continued to produce film that would be seen on the art cinema circuit. Trần Văn Thủy's Tiếng vĩ cầm ở Mỹ Lai (The Sound of the Violin at My Lai) won Best Short Film prize at the 43rd Asia Pacific Film Festival in 1999. Đời cát (Sandy Life) by Nguyễn Thanh won best picture at the same festival the following year. Bùi Thạc Chuyên's Cuốc xe đêm (Night Cyclo Trip) won third prize in the short film category at the Cannes Film Festival in 2000.
Better known, however, are European productions in Vietnam, such as The Lover and Indochine, as well as films by Việt Kiều directors Tran Anh Hung and Tony Bui. Tran's first feature, The Scent of the Green Papaya won the Golden Camera at the Cannes Film Festival in 1993 and was the first Vietnamese film nominated for an Oscar, in 1994. His other films include Xích lô (Cyclo, 1995) and Mùa hè chiều thẳng đứng (Vertical Ray of the Sun) in 2000. Tony Bui's Ba mùa (Three Seasons, 1998) won prizes at the Sundance Film Festival in 1998. Another European co-production, Mùa len trâu (The Buffalo Boy) by Nguyễn Võ Nghiêm Minh, has won numerous awards at film festivals, including the Chicago International Film Festival in 2004.
In recent years, as Vietnam's film industry has made efforts to modernize and move beyond the government-backed propaganda films, contemporary Vietnamese filmmakers have gained a wider audience with films such as Buffalo Boy, Bar Girls, The White Silk Dress, and Muoi.
Vietnamese literature is literature, both oral and written, created largely by Vietnamese-speaking people, although Francophone Vietnamese and English-speaking Vietnamese authors in Australia and the United States are counted by many critics as part of the national tradition. For much of its history, Vietnam was dominated by China and as a result much of the written work during this period was in Classical Chinese. Chữ nôm, created around the tenth century, allowed writers to compose in Vietnamese using modified Chinese characters. Although regarded as inferior to Chinese, it gradually grew in prestige. It flourished in the eighteenth century when many notable Vietnamese writers and poets composed their works in chữ nôm and when it briefly became the official written script.
While the quốc ngữ script was created in the seventeenth century, it did not become popular outside of missionary groups until the early twentieth century, when the French colonial administration mandated its use in French Indochina. By the mid-twentieth century, virtually all Vietnamese works of literature were composed in quốc ngữ.
Some defining works of literature include The Tale of Kieu by Nguyen Du, and Luc Van Tien by Nguyen Dinh Chieu.
Legendary female poetess Ho Xuan Huong (born near the end of the eighteenth century) composed much of her poetry in Chu nom, and most of it has been translated into Quoc ngu for modern Vietnamese. Her poetry continues to be widely popular. The works of some poets such as the famous Mandarin official Duong Khue were adapted into songs that are still famous today, such as the Ca trù-genre song "Hồng hồng, tuyết tuyết."
Vietnamese poetry, along with much folk "literature," is primarily an oral tradition, because until the twentieth century literacy was restricted mostly to scholars and the elite.
- ↑ Vietnam Art Books, The creative beginning. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Charles Higham, The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia (Cambridge World Archaeology, 1996, ISBN 0-521-56505-7).
- ↑ Vietnam Art Books, Pottery and ceramics during Chinese rule. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
- ↑ Vietnam.vn, VietNamNet Bridge. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
- ↑ Vietnam Art Books, Pottery and ceramics during Chinese rule. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Vietscape, Chua Hong—Perfume Pagoda. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ↑ Asia-Art, Art of Vietnam. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ↑ Vietnamese Art Work, Dong Ho Paintings. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
- Hejzlar, Josef, Werner Forman, and Bedřich Forman. The Art of Vietnam. London: Hamlyn, 1973. ISBN 0600391256.
- Higham, Charles. The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia. Cambridge World Archaeology, 1996. ISBN 0-521-56505-7.
- Noppe, Catherine, and Jean-François Hubert. Art of Vietnam. Temporis collection. New York: Parkstone. 2003. ISBN 1859958605.
- Taylor, Nora A. Painters in Hanoi: An Ethnography of Vietnamese art. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 2004. ISBN 0824826132.
- Tran Van Khe/Nguyen Thuyet Phong. "Vietnam, V, vi:Theater." In Sadie, Stanley, and John Tyrrell. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. New York: Grove. 2001. ISBN 1561592390.
All links retrieved October 23, 2008.
- Dong Son bronze drums (Photo collection)
- Vietnamese blockwood prints
- Brief history of Vietnamese ceramics and pottery
- Dong Ho painting article and picture collections.
- Brief history
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Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.<|endoftext|>بررسی جایگاه فقهی و حقوقی مجازات تشهیر در ایجاد امنیت عمومی و ارتقاء حقوق شهروندی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع: دانش انتظامی سال بیست و سوم تابستان ۱۴۰۰ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۹۱) 153 - 179
زمینه و هدف: پژوهش حاضر جایگاه مجازات تشهیر در ایجاد امنیت عمومی و حقوق شهروندی را بررسی نموده است. روش پژوهش: روش مورد استفاده در این پژوهش، توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده که با بهره گیری از متون فقهی، منابع اسنادی و کتابخانه ای و به شیوه استدلالی به بحث حاضر پرداخته است. یافته ها: یافته های پژوهش حاضر نشان داده که مجازات تشهیر به دلیل انتشار اسامی مختلفان و مفسدان، ایجاد شفافیت در جامعه، توجه به جنبه های بازدارنده، نفی و جلوگیری از ضرر رساندن به شهروندان و توجه به اصول کرامت و عدالت دارای آثار مهمی بر حقوق شهروندی و ارتقای امنیت عمومی است. نتیجه گیری: تسری بخشیدن مجازات تشهیر به مسائلی مانند فسادهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی، شفافیت را به عنوان شاکله حقوق شهروندی مطرح ساخته و در قانون مجازات اسلامی نیز مورد تأیید قرار گرفته است. علاوه بر شناسایی و رسوا ساختن مجرمان، مجازات تشهیر حتی می تواند درباره انتشار نام قضات و مراجع ناقض حقوق شهروندان اِعمال شده و این امر بر عهده دستگاه قضایی است که زمینه های لازم را برای آزادی رسانه ها و اصل تشهیر رسانه ای فراهم آورد.<|endoftext|>Ingredienti:
200g di nutella
40g di cacao amaro
80g di granella di nocciole
circa 30 nocciole tostate
250g di cioccolato fondente
Preparazione:
Amalgamare la granella di nocciole con il cacao e successivamente con la nutella creando un impasto omogeneo.
Fare delle palline tipo polpettine e metterle su carta forno, mettere su ogni pallina una nocciola e quindi far riposare in frigo per circa 20 min.
Far sciogliere a bagnomaria il cioccolato, bagnarvi la base di ogni bacio e disporli via via su una griglia da mettere su un recipiente. Coprire tutte le palline-baci con il cioccolato in maniera uniforme. Mettere in frigo a solidificare per circa 30 min e poi confezionare con pirottini o carta alluminio.<|endoftext|>Objectives: To determine the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and potential predictors of SBP and DBP in urban Australian aboriginal children. Methods: The Study of Environment on Aboriginal Resilience and Child Health is a prospective cohort study of urban Aboriginal children attending four Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in New South Wales, Australia. Clinical measures included a manual BP measured by research officers using standardized protocols. BP z-scores adjusted for sex, age, and height were used in regression analyses. Hypertension was defined as a BP at least 95th centile and prehypertension at least 90th centile. Factors considered in relation to BP included child (BMI, dietary history, socioeconomic status, sedentary behavior) and caregiver measures (BP and caregiver stress). Results: Overall, data from 657 children, aged 2-17 years and their caregivers, collected from 2008 to 2011, were included. Median child age was 6.3 years (interquartile range: 4.0, 9.9); 15.6% (95% confidence interval 12.2-19.1%) had hypertension and 12.3% (9.2-5.5%) prehypertension. Following adjustment, the strongest predictor of BP was caregiver BP (0.15 increase in systolic z-score per 10 mmHg of caregiver BP, 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.24, P < 0.001); child BMI z-score was significantly related to diastolic [0.08 increase (0.01-0.15) per mg/m 2 BMI increase, P = 0.03] but not SBP [0.08 increase (-0.01 to 0.16) per mg/m 2 BMI increase, P = 0.08]. None of the other factors examined were significantly related to BP. Conclusion: BP is frequently elevated in urban aboriginal children. The strongest predictors of BP were caregiver BP and child BMI. Based on these data, and given the strong community linkages of aboriginal people, we recommend family-based interventions to reduce BP in this high-risk group.<|endoftext|>What Does Carbon Neutral Mean?
Carbon exists in the earth’s atmosphere, primarily as the gas carbon dioxide (CO2) and plays an important role in supporting life. Trees and plants pull carbon out of the atmosphere to support their growth. Conversely, when they die and rot or are burned, they naturally release the same amount of carbon back into the atmosphere creating what is called a “carbon neutral" process.
Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming
Unlike carbon neutral fuels such as wood, when fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas are burned, they release old carbon that has been deep in the earth for millions of years, effectively off-setting the carbon equilibrium in the atmosphere. Industry’s rate of fossil fuel emissions or “greenhouse gases" account for the steady rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. It is these greenhouse gasses that are associated with global warming and climate change.
Wood energy does not contribute to global warming because when sustainable harvested wood is burned, it releases the same amount of carbon dioxide that would be released naturally in the forest.
Wood-The Natural Energy Choice for Industry
Choosing to burn wood is a sound economic decision which also supports an environmentally restorative cycle. Energy generated with Biomass fuel in a clean burning combustion system, benefits both industry and the environment. Wood Energy strengthens industry by reducing dependence on greenhouse gas fossil fuels and lessening wood waste’s burden on landfills.<|endoftext|>Andrew Jackson’s contradictions a reflection of America
- Jackson's complexity and affiliation with democracy bring us back to him as a cultural lodestar.
- Mark R. Cheathem is a professor of history at Cumberland University in Lebanon.
Americans interested in Andrew Jackson’s contributions to our nation’s history should thank the Trump administration for keeping Old Hickory in the headlines.
From the president’s comments about Jackson’s role in avoiding the Civil War to former Trump adviser Steve Bannon’s explicit connection between the seventh and 45th presidents, Jackson has received more attention in the past nine months than he has in a long time.
This attention has led to mixed opinions. Some observers have found renewed reason to focus on Jackson’s populism and his fight against the Washington establishment, government corruption and powerful financial interests. Others have emphasized Jackson’s disregard for racial minorities, expressed most obviously in his ownership of African Americans as slaves and his prosecution of a removal policy for Native Americans.
Unlike the mythology that accompanied the retelling of Old Hickory’s life for many decades after his death, most people now understand that Jackson, like all presidents and like all of us, was a flawed human being, as capable of courageous and self-sacrificial acts as he was repugnant acts that brought condemnation, both then and now.
It is both Jackson’s complexity and his identification with American democracy that continues to bring us back to him as a cultural lodestar. Unlike Thomas Jefferson, Jackson did not write a founding document to which we continue to refer for eternal truths about our nation. Unlike George Washington, Jackson was not a president who seemingly stood above the political fray. And, unlike Abraham Lincoln, Jackson did not attempt to find a way to solve one of our nation’s largest issues, the enslavement of African Americans.
Instead, in words that echo Jackson’s first posthumous biographer, James Parton, Old Hickory was a set of contradictions. He was a wealthy populist, a champion of the common man who built his wealth largely through the exploitation of Native American land and enslaved labor. He was a states’ rights nationalist who championed Georgia’s right to displace Native Americans in the face of a Supreme Court decision that said otherwise, yet he threatened military force when South Carolina refused to enforce a federal tariff law. He was an activist president who believed in the limited power of the national government.
In other words, Jackson was someone who was principled, until he wasn’t.
This paradoxical Jackson is the man with whom we identify. Instead of an unknowable demi-god who founded the nation or a martyr who led the nation through a civil war, Jackson is the America we recognize. We come back to him because we ourselves are a nation of contradictions.
At times, we celebrate our democratic institutions; at other times, we act as if only our socioeconomic class or racial group matters. We embrace immigrants until we perceive that they threaten us. We say that we hate big government, but when we need its benefits, we swallow that criticism.
We continue to pay attention to Jackson because it is in our national DNA. We need to understand him and his inconsistencies in order to understand our own. Jackson often failed to recognize his personal contradictions. We should do better.
Mark R. Cheathem is a professor of history at Cumberland University in Lebanon, author of the award-winning "Andrew Jackson, Southerner” and project director for The Papers of Martin Van Buren.<|endoftext|>همکاری با انقره برای پایان خشونت در شرق فرات ادامه دارد
رئیس جمهور روسیه گفت همکاری مسکو و انقره برای پایان دادن به اقدامات خشونت آمیز در شرق فرات ادامه دارد
رئیس جمهور روسیه گفت همکاری مسکو و انقره برای پایان دادن به اقدامات خشونت آمیز در شرق فرات ادامه دارد.
ولادمیر پوتین، رئیس جمهور روسیه در ششمین نشست سران کشورهای تورکیه، ایران و روسیه در چارچوب روند آستانه که از طریق ویدئو کنفرانس به میزبانی ایران برگزار شد، در رابطه با ادامه اقدامات خشونت آمیز در شرق فرات گفت: در این منطقه همچنان مشکلات وجود دارد که با تورکیه به همکاری در این زمینه ادامه میدهیم.
رئیس جمهور روسیه با بیان این که میزان خشونتها را کاهش داده و زمینه لازم برای حل و فصل مسئله سوریه را به کمک سازمان ملل فراهم کردیم تصریح کرد: ما به عنوان سه کشور در بازسازی سوریه و در ارتباط با وضعیت اقتصادی، مهاجران داخلی و برون مرزی سوریه میتوانیم همکاریهای خوبی داشته باشیم.
پوتین در رابطه با روند آتش بس در منطقه کاهش تنش ایدلیب گفت: آتشبس در سوریه به حالت پایداری رسیده است.
وی همچنین تصریح کرد: روسیه از بیانیه مشترک که توسط کارشناسان سه کشور تهیه شده است، اعلام حمایت میکند.
مذاکرات آستانه از حدود سه سال پیش با شرکت تورکیه،
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